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[ { "docid": "217230e2569ebf4ac5aa98020ffba4b1", "text": "Audrey Horne Audrey Horne is a fictional character from the ABC television series Twin Peaks , played by Sherilyn Fenn . The character was created by David Lynch . She was introduced in the pilot . The daughter of Ben ( Richard Beymer ) and Sylvia Horne , sister of Johnny Horne ( Robert Bauer ) and half-sister of Donna Hayward ( Lara Flynn Boyle ) , her storylines focused on her infatuation with the series protagonist Dale Cooper ( Kyle MacLachlan ) , infiltrating the brothel/casino One Eyed Jacks and becoming an activist through civil disobedience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "181a8cd897226837d64cbe7ad3d1a9a8", "text": "Pilot (Twin Peaks) The pilot episode , also known as Northwest Passage , of the mystery television series Twin Peaks premiered on the ABC Network on Sunday , April 8 , 1990 . It was written by series creators Mark Frost and David Lynch , and directed by Lynch . The pilot follows the characters of Dale Cooper and Harry S. Truman as they investigate the death of popular high school student Laura Palmer ; Cooper believes the murder has connections to a murder case that occurred a year earlier . In addition to setting the tone for the show , the episode sets up several character and story arcs and marked the appearance of several recurring characters . The episode received a strong Nielsen household rating compared to other season one episodes and was well received by fans and critics alike . The original title for the series was Northwest Passage , but this was later changed .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b5c466744d971f086da5aa6b0dc26281", "text": "Rich Kids of Beverly Hills Rich Kids of Beverly Hills ( stylized as #RichKids of Beverly Hills ) is an American reality television series that premiered on E! , on January 19 , 2014 . The series focuses on the lives of a group of twenty-something millionaires and billionaires ( by inheritance ) showcasing their lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b202eb1f756c828fa7d8d98abb85eb8c", "text": "Scylla (Prison Break episode) `` Scylla '' is the 58th episode of the American television series Prison Break and the first episode of its fourth season which premiered as a two-hour episode with `` Breaking & Entering '' . It was broadcast in the United States on September 1 , 2008 and on the next day on Sky One and RTÉ Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f142501e8e4a360d5cc2cdcb4e9e987", "text": "List of Sofia the First episodes Sofia the First is an American computer-animated television series that incorporates characters from the Disney Princess franchise . The series stars Ariel Winter as Sofia , a young girl who becomes a princess when her mother , Miranda , marries King Roland II of the kingdom of Enchancia . On April 14 , 2015 , the series was renewed for a fourth season by Disney Junior .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4deb4e37bcd4195a0c3c2a8a9d801256", "text": "Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl . The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f803baf7c70a32a23b46a6c0a7f26ce", "text": "Sherilyn Fenn Sherilyn Fenn ( born Sheryl Ann Fenn February 1 , 1965 ) is an American actress . She came to attention for her performance as Audrey Horne on the 1990 cult TV series Twin Peaks ( 1990 -- 1991 ) for which she was nominated a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award . She is also known for her roles in Of Mice and Men ( 1992 ) , Boxing Helena ( 1993 ) and the television sitcom Rude Awakening ( 1998 -- 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d78af8798b23a8edd83e91db8d51d9", "text": "Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life . The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy . Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64a1f6622bc43d0d14566fab8d3e923", "text": "Dollhouse (season 1) The first season of the television series Dollhouse , premiered on February 13 , 2009 , on Fox and concluded its 12-episode season on May 8 , 2009 . The season aired on Fridays at 9:00 pm ET . Together with Fringe , Dollhouse was a part of Fox 's `` Remote-Free TV '' initiative to keep people from switching channels during commercial breaks . Therefore , every episode of this season was 47 -- 50 minutes long compared to a usual 40 -- 43 minute length for regular network television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6310ffdddd2cd3dd4fd0b00e8e6d9e74", "text": "Testees Testees is a Canadian television series , created by Kenny Hotz ( of Kenny vs. Spenny ) and written and produced by Kenny Hotz and Derek Harvie ( of The Tom Green Show ) . Testees originally aired on Thursdays at 10:30 PM EST on FX and ran from October 9 , 2008 , to December 18 , 2008 . and debuted on October 14 , 2008 , on Showcase in Canada . The show is filmed in Toronto and Hamilton , Ontario . Testees is now showing on FX in the UK , I.Sat in Brazil and Comedy Central in Germany , Austria and the Netherlands . After one season , Testees was not renewed by FX .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08eaa3e882b121bb7381e3ebf3f2f5f9", "text": "CBC Selects CBC Selects is a Canadian television anthology series , which premiered on CBC Television on October 5 , 2014 . The series will present a variety of programs from other public broadcasters around the world , including the BBC and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation . The first program airing as part of CBC Selects is the Australian drama series Janet King . The second program will be the BBC 's nature documentary Life Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7677d37384754accaa19a98912052c0d", "text": "April Ludgate April Roberta Ludgate-Dwyer ( portrayed by Aubrey Plaza ) is a fictional character in the NBC comedy Parks and Recreation . She is first seen as an apathetic college student working as an intern in the Pawnee Department of Parks and Recreation , before being hired as Ron Swanson 's assistant . She later becomes the Deputy Director of Animal Control . April , along with Plaza 's performance , garnered universal acclaim and has gained popularity for her goth-like behavior and deadpan-style comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39e802faf5a1627b2245133f31c9d0ce", "text": "That's Life (1998 TV series) That 's Life is an American television sitcom that premiered March 10 , 1998 , on ABC . The series is about a blue-collar family living in Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e49b96576a66e3119f2d54dfb60d8c9", "text": "Denise Huxtable Denise Huxtable is a fictional character from the 1980s television series The Cosby Show and A Different World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e50c9956e119ced7c8b9b6d10d6ff4e9", "text": "Ramona (1988 TV series) Ramona is a Canadian children 's television series which followed the life of eight-year-old title character Ramona Quimby ( Sarah Polley ) . It was based on the Ramona book series by Beverly Cleary . The television series debuted on September 10 , 1988 , and its ten episodes spanned four months . It aired on CBC Television in Canada and on PBS in the United States . The TV series was released on video by Lorimar Home Video , but when Lorimar Home Video was acquired by Warner Communications , video releases were then released by Warner Home Video . Eight-year-old Ramona Quimby ( Sarah Polley ) feels that no one really understands her . She 's bright , imaginative , and according to her older sister , Beezus , a `` pest '' . Every day she tries to find out more about herself and her world , with an optimism that only children possess . The series follows Ramona 's adventures in school and at home as her family struggles with financial woes and the coming of a new baby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81586d2b2be311b11cdf462350ad190b", "text": "List of Banshee episodes Banshee is an American crime drama television series created by Jonathan Tropper and David Schickler for Cinemax . The series takes place in the fictional small town of Banshee , Pennsylvania . After serving 15 years in prison for stealing diamonds from Ukrainian gangster Rabbit ( Ben Cross ) , the unnamed protagonist ( Antony Starr ) travels to Banshee to find his heist accomplice and former lover , Anastasia ( Ivana Miličević ) . When he finds her , the protagonist learns that she is now a married mother of two living under the assumed identity of Carrie Hopewell . Later , when the incoming Sheriff is killed , the protagonist takes on his identity as Lucas Hood , becoming the town 's new Sheriff , using his own brand of unorthodox methods . Banshee sees Hood struggle with adapting to his new identity while dealing with the machinations of local crime lord Kai Proctor ( Ulrich Thomsen ) , and remaining hidden from Rabbit . The series premiered on January 11 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8174ec93e2ba3beb9262c65c7f1e545c", "text": "Seder Anything `` Seder Anything '' is the twenty-first episode of the second season of the CW television series Gossip Girl . It premiered on CTV , Monday , 20 April 2009 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9618424d65403f786224cb398ba1ac6a", "text": "Robert Baratheon Robert Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Robert Baratheon is the eldest son of Steffon Baratheon , from the kingdom of Westeros . After Robert won the rebellion which was named after him , he took the Iron Throne from Aerys II Targaryen , nicknamed `` The Mad King '' , crushing the Targaryen dynasty . Robert fought the war to win back his betrothed , Lyanna Stark , with the aid of her brother , his close friend , Eddard Stark . However , due to Lyanna 's death , Robert married Tywin Lannister 's daughter Cersei after the war ended to ensure political stability . Robert is portrayed by Mark Addy in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8b2ab75ff77cdb6e8e5bee5860a723d", "text": "Joffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Joffrey is portrayed by Irish actor Jack Gleeson in the HBO television adaptation . In 2016 , Rolling Stone ranked the character # 4 in their list of the `` 40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "273923918128622be0211c96cef3477b", "text": "Tyrion Lannister Tyrion Lannister ( also referred to as `` the Imp '' or `` the Halfman '' ) is a fictional character in A Song of Ice and Fire , a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel Windhaven , Tyrion has been called one of the author 's finest creations and most popular characters by The New York Times . Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Tyrion was one of a few prominent characters that were not included in 2005 's A Feast for Crows , but returned in the next novel A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) . The character will also appear in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter . The popularity of the character led Martin and Bantam Books to publish The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister , an illustrated collection of Tyrion quotes from the novels , in 2013 . In the story , Tyrion uses his status as a Lannister to mitigate the impact of the marginalization and derision he has received all of his life -- even from his own family . Knowing that no one will ever take him seriously , he soothes his inadequacies with wine , wit , and self-indulgence . But as the peaceful rule of King Robert Baratheon begins to come apart , Tyrion sees how ill-equipped his family are to hold everything together . He first saves his own neck from the vengeful Catelyn Stark and her sister Lysa Arryn , then is tasked by his father Tywin to impose order on the capital of King 's Landing -- as well as his nephew Joffrey , the new king -- as civil war is sparked . Tyrion struggles to strengthen and protect the city and family who hate him and refuse to see the peril they are in ; when his father returns , Tyrion becomes vulnerable to the wrath and machinations of the self-serving courtiers who surround Joffrey -- including Tyrion 's own scheming sister Cersei . Tyrion escapes death again but at great cost , and in fleeing Westeros finds himself in even more danger , but without his Lannister resources . Peter Dinklage has garnered enormous praise for his portrayal of the character . In 2011 , Dinklage received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and later the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series , Miniseries , or Television Film for his portrayal of Tyrion in the HBO series . He won the Emmy again in 2015 . Among other accolades , Dinklage has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599989fcff7e702b5ef1050bd45f78aa", "text": "A Dance with Dragons A Dance with Dragons is the fifth of seven planned novels in the epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire by American author George R. R. Martin . In some areas the paperback edition was published in two parts titled Dreams and Dust and After the Feast . It was the first novel in the series to be published following the commencement of the HBO series adaptation , Game of Thrones , and runs to 1,040 pages . On March 3 , 2011 , publishing imprint Bantam Spectra announced that the novel would be released on July 12 , 2011 . Martin delivered the manuscript to his editor on April 27 , 2011 ; however , as early as 2006 , Martin made sample chapters available on his website and at Amazon.co.uk . Additionally , the German branch of Amazon.com ( Amazon.de ) released a reported 180 copies two weeks early by mistake . The US hardcover was officially published on July 12 , 2011 , having gone back to press for six printings ( totaling more than 650,000 copies ) prior to the 1,000 + page novel being available ; 298,000 copies in print , digital , and audio formats were sold that first day alone , becoming publishing giant Random House 's biggest book of 2011 and a runaway bestseller . The book was the second in the series to debut at the # 1 position on the New York Times Best Seller list . A few weeks after publication , A Dance with Dragons went on to be # 1 on both Publishers Weekly and USA Today Bestsellers lists . The novel , along with A Feast for Crows , has been adapted for television as the fifth season of Game of Thrones , although elements of the book have also appeared in the series ' third , fourth and sixth seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c5912130bdd66f643199ee16b1900a", "text": "A Clash of Kings A Clash of Kings is the second novel in A Song of Ice and Fire , an epic fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin expected to consist of seven volumes . It was first published on 16 November 1998 in the United Kingdom , although the first United States edition did not follow until March 1999 . Like its predecessor , A Game of Thrones , it won the Locus Award ( in 1999 ) for Best Novel and was nominated for the Nebula Award ( also in 1999 ) for best novel . In May 2005 Meisha Merlin released a limited edition of the novel , fully illustrated by John Howe . The novel has been adapted for television by HBO as the second season of the TV series Game of Thrones . A Clash of Kings is also the name of the first expansion to the Game of Thrones board game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4ab3397c2fa8ec14ea111a63701570d", "text": "The Winds of Winter The Winds of Winter is the forthcoming sixth novel in the epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin . The previous installment , A Dance with Dragons , covered less story than Martin intended , excluding at least one planned large battle sequence and leaving several character threads ending in cliffhangers . Martin intends to resolve these storylines `` very early '' in The Winds of Winter , saying `` I 'm going to open with the two big battles that I was building up to , the battle in the ice and the battle at Meereen -- the battle of Slaver 's Bay . And then take it from there . '' A Victarion Greyjoy chapter will begin five minutes after the end of A Dance with Dragons , taking place on the eve of the Iron Islanders ' arrival in Slaver 's Bay . Arianne Martell sample chapters that Martin released on his website showed her heading for Griffin 's Roost to see the young man who is calling himself Aegon . Martin said in March 2012 that the final two novels will take readers farther north than any of the previous books , and that the Others will appear in the book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b5b32835482d3b9ef00f36c4c4ecf1a", "text": "Catelyn Stark Catelyn Stark ( née Tully ) is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . She is a prominent point of view character in the novels . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Catelyn is the lady of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional kingdom of Westeros . She was born into House Tully of Riverrun . Catelyn is portrayed by Michelle Fairley on the HBO series Game of Thrones . Jennifer Ehle was originally cast as Catelyn Stark and appeared in the unaired pilot , but left the series for family reasons before the first season began . Fairley 's portrayal of Catelyn has garnered critical acclaim , with many in particular praising her performance during the episode `` The Rains of Castamere '' . Due to this popularity , many fans were disappointed she did not appear in the series ' fourth season , despite the character 's resurrection in the novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bcedebd93bb6802bf974de0c745ef42", "text": "World of A Song of Ice and Fire The fictional world in which the A Song of Ice and Fire novels by George R. R. Martin take place is divided into several continents . Most of the story takes place on the continent Westeros , in a large political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms . It actually consists of nine regions ( the North , the Iron Islands , the Riverlands , the Vale , the Westerlands , the Stormlands , the Reach , the Crownlands , and Dorne ) and a largely unmapped area to the north , separated by a massive wall of ice and old magic . The vast continent of Essos lies to the east of Westeros , across the Narrow Sea . The closest foreign nations to Westeros are the Free Cities , a collection of independent city-states along the western edge of this eastern continent . The lands along the southern coastline of the eastern continent , collectively called the Lands of the Summer Sea , include Slavers Bay and the ruins of Valyria , the former home of Westeros ' Targaryen kings . To the south of Essos lie the continents of Sothoryos and Ulthos , which in the narrative are largely unexplored . George R. R. Martin set the Ice and Fire story in an alternative world of Earth , a `` secondary world '' , such as J. R. R. Tolkien pioneered with Middle-earth . Martin has also suggested that world may be larger than the real world planet Earth . The Ice and Fire narrative can be considered to be set in a post-magic world where people no longer believe in supernatural things such as the Others , and while the characters understand the natural aspects of their world , they can not comprehend its magical elements . Religion , though , has a significant role in the life of people with the characters practising many different religions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c002c1a94fe4edf029aae0abe3e2d692", "text": "League of Peoples The League of Peoples is a fictional interstellar polity present in a series of novels by science fiction author James Alan Gardner . Although theoretically made up of every sentient race in the galaxy , in actuality the League is controlled by ( from Humanity 's standpoint ) hyperadvanced beings who have little concern for wants , needs , and desires of the less evolved races . The League effectively has one law - no dangerous non-sentient creatures can cross between star systems . A dangerous non-sentient is defined by the league as any being which kills a sentient being or through negligence allows a sentient being to die . Any dangerous non-sentient that attempts to circumvent this law , or any being who knowingly aids in the attempt , is instantaneously but painlessly executed by the League . Although this renders interstellar war impossible , it does not prevent mayhem on individual planets , nor does it stop unethical behavior that stops short of murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589d9f7a6afc3708d11fad4583bbc0b0", "text": "Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction . More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0d041b9ff2b4aa929b26a6c0e5591dd", "text": "Setting (narrative) The setting is both the time and geographic location within a narrative or within a work of fiction . A literary element , the setting helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story . Setting has been referred to as story world or milieu to include a context ( especially society ) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story . Elements of setting may include culture , historical period , geography , and hour . Along with the plot , character , theme , and style , setting is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a979caf100f9368eb96d37ba5b294b44", "text": "London (novel) London is a historical novel by Edward Rutherfurd published in 1997 , which charts the history of London from 54 B.C. to 1997 . The novel begins with the birth of the River Thames and moves to 54 B.C. , detailing the life of Segovax , a curious character with slightly webbed hands and a flash of white hair . Seqovax becomes the ancestor of the Ducket and Dogget families , prominent fictional families woven into the novel . Historical figures , such as Julius Caesar , Geoffrey Chaucer , William Shakespeare , and Pocahontas , make appearances alongside fictional characters and historical kings and queens of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e528b1ffe3742fc4ddb9c80ddb057b", "text": "Christ figure A Christ figure , also known as a Christ-Image is a literary technique that the author uses to draw allusions between their characters and the biblical Jesus . More loosely , the Christ Figure is a spiritual or prophetic character who parallels Jesus , or other spiritual or prophetic figures . In general , a character should display more than one correspondence with the story of Jesus Christ as depicted in the Bible . For instance , the character might display one or more of the following traits : performance of miracles , manifestation of divine qualities , healing others , displaying kindness and forgiveness , fighting for justice , being guided by the spirit of the character 's father , and the character 's own death and resurrection . Christ figures are often martyrs , sacrificing themselves for causes larger than themselves . In postmodern literature , the resurrection theme is often abandoned , leaving us with the image of a martyr sacrificing himself for a greater good . It is common to see Christ figures displayed in a manner suggestive of crucifixion as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce5bfc710a82bd39c6ae5dd656300de6", "text": "Magi in fantasy fiction and games A `` Mage '' is a character archetype commonly found in fantasy settings that entail the use of magic . Mage , rather than magus , is the spelling generally used to describe magic-wielding characters in role-playing games and fiction . In the English language , the term `` mage '' is used as a gender-neutral word for a character who can cast magic spells .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28563a7ec5e6d1ac78e1f62a5336c54c", "text": "Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case . Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions . The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af492998021ac84b2b18cda76cc3973f", "text": "Fictional universe of The Hunger Games The Hunger Games universe is a fictional world appearing in The Hunger Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins . It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem , its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides , and the outlying districts , numbered 1 to 12 , each with a different economy . In addition , there is the secretive District 13 , where a rebel force is building strength . The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which citizens from the districts , selected through a process called `` reaping '' , are forced to participate in a battle to the death . The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna , such as the Mockingjay , a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device , and after whom the third book in the series is named .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7196033f18429f863b7de0d70e2cbf", "text": "Crossover (fiction) A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters , settings , or universes into the context of a single story . They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders , unauthorized efforts by fans or common corporate ownership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e68c6e6748a104574973c6ce722d663f", "text": "Beta reader An alpha reader or beta reader ( also spelled alphareader / betareader , or shortened to alpha / beta ) , also pre-reader or critiquer , is a non-professional reader who reads a written work , generally fiction , with the intent of looking over the material to find and improve elements such as grammar and spelling , as well as suggestions to improve the story , its characters , or its setting . Beta reading is typically done before the story is released for public consumption . Beta readers are not explicitly proofreaders or editors , but can serve in that context . Elements highlighted by beta readers encompass things such as plot holes , problems with continuity , characterisation or believability ; in fiction and non-fiction , the beta might also assist the author with fact-checking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e2736240475bb9c133e7ac965a7409", "text": "Deuteragonist In literature , the deuteragonist or secondary main character ( from δευτεραγωνιστής , deuteragōnistḗs , second actor ) is the second most important character , after the protagonist and before the tritagonist . The deuteragonist may switch from being with or against the protagonist depending on the deuteragonist 's own conflict/plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c35cd37b4b3c413cdc7048e7c4be18", "text": "Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d22d9f72b4f8005f464a9df3675e93", "text": "Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "719fa37fd10f966ff235afae7b515e15", "text": "Berklee College of Music Berklee College of Music , located in Boston , Massachusetts , United States , is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world . Known for the study of jazz and modern American music , it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles , including rock , flamenco , hip hop , reggae , salsa , and bluegrass . Since 2012 , Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia , Spain . In December 2015 , Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory agreed to a merger . The combined institution will be known as `` Berklee '' , with the conservatory becoming `` The Boston Conservatory at Berklee '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32b31296854b47a90b4ae935fbbdeb55", "text": "Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon ( born October 13 , 1941 ) is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' . The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony ( 1980 ) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman ( 1998 ) with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts . Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year ( Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "250263f8eb524242690a8fbfd167fae4", "text": "University of Saint Francis (Indiana) The University of Saint Francis is a liberal arts university located in Fort Wayne , Indiana , United States . Affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church , the university promotes Catholic and Franciscan values . The school currently enrolls over 1,800 undergraduate students and almost 300 graduate students , the majority of which come from states in the American Midwest , primarily Indiana , Michigan , Illinois and Ohio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ff01b6ed7841db646724a2b40435e98", "text": "Cazenovia College Cazenovia College is a small , independent , co-educational , baccalaureate college , located in Cazenovia , New York , United States . Cazenovia offers a comprehensive liberal arts education with academic and co-curricular programs devoted to developing leaders in their professional fields . Cazenovia College has been named one of `` America 's Best Colleges '' by U.S. News & World Report for a number of years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628e4a781cfa3182b2cbba12e7c55943", "text": "World College West World College West was an undergraduate liberal arts college in Marin County , California . Founded by Dr. Richard M. Gray , it offered a program that integrated a grounding in the liberal arts with work-study and a required two-quarter `` World Study '' in a developing country . It opened with its first seven students on September 17 , 1973 . Fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , World College West had programs in International Service and Development ( ISD ) , International Environmental Studies ( IES ) , Art and Society ( AS ) , and Meaning , Culture , and Change ( MCC ) . In later years , Business and International Business was added to the program line-up . ISD focused on the economic , political , and social development of `` Third World '' nations ; IES concentrated on the wise use and global conservation of natural resources ; AS examined the relationship between culture and the performing and visual arts ; and MCC focused on the variety of ways in which the world 's diverse cultures , through their systems of religion , philosophy , and tradition , give meaning and purpose to human life , and to the world around us . The college 's World Study Programs were established in China , Mexico , Nepal , India , Ghana , and Russia . Students could spend two quarters ( or six months ) studying in both an urban and rural setting in one of these countries . During the urban stay , students lived with a host family and attended regularly scheduled language , culture , and history classes . During the rural stay , students again lived with host families and conducted independent research studies while continuing to learn the country 's language . The college placed a special emphasis on work-study and internships , because the founders of the college believed that learning occurred best through `` disciplined reflection on experience '' . Once an area of study was selected , students were required to complete 480 internship hours in their field of study as part of their graduation requirement . During its first few years , the College leased space on the campus of the San Francisco Theological Seminary in San Anselmo , followed by several years in surplus army barracks at Fort Cronkhite on the Pacific Ocean . In the early 1980s the college moved to a permanent campus off U.S. Highway 101 in the rolling hills of northern Marin County , between Novato and Petaluma ( now the home of the Institute of Noetic Sciences ) . World College West closed due to inadequate funding in Fall of 1992 , the result of difficulties in succession after its founding president retired . The spirit of WCW lives on in Dick Gray 's successor institution Presidio World College . The hundreds of WCW alumni call themselves `` Westies '' . Category : Defunct universities and colleges in California Category : Educational institutions established in 1973 Category : Educational institutions disestablished in 1992 Category : Liberal arts colleges Category : Universities and colleges in Marin County , California Category :1973 establishments in California Category :1992 disestablishments in California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4500c1f0287bf28bc560859bc52fdfa2", "text": "University A university ( universitas , `` a whole '' , `` a corporation '' ) is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education . The word `` university '' is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means `` community of teachers and scholars . '' Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0868d1f0ee313be7027f0fa47ba415b3", "text": "Converse College Converse College is a liberal arts masters university in Spartanburg , South Carolina , United States . Converse consists of an undergraduate women 's college as well as co-ed graduate , online and summer programs . It was established by a group of Spartanburg residents and named after textile pioneer Dexter Edgar Converse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a40a445e7b8f31d68bce2a4c1621090", "text": "Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' Paul Simon in Concert : Live Rhymin ' is an album by Paul Simon , released in March 1974 by Columbia Records . It was recorded in the wake of the release of There Goes Rhymin ' Simon -- which produced a number of hit singles ( `` Kodachrome '' and `` Loves Me Like a Rock '' ) and radio staples ( as `` Something So Right '' and `` Take Me to the Mardi Gras '' ) during Simon 's 1973-74 tour , at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum , New York , July 10th , 1973 . However , the album presents a very truncated version of the concerts he performed on this tour , which consisted of up to 24 songs . The album fails to note where the performances were recorded , although according to liner notes in a later Simon compilation , `` Duncan '' is from a London concert and `` American Tune '' was recorded in New York City . Simon was joined by Urubamba and the Jessy Dixon Singers , although the individual members are not identified either on the recording or on the liner notes . In addition to `` Jesus Is the Answer '' , included on the album , Jessy Dixon also performed `` What Do They Call Him '' on tour , while Urubamba performed the instrumentals `` Kacharpari '' and `` Death in Santa Cruz '' . The album was Simon 's first live release and showed him performing Simon & Garfunkel songs solo in concert for the first time . The variety of songs and richness of styles helped with the album 's appeal . Most notable was Simon 's fascination with gospel , something that materialized in the arrangements on many of the songs , taking distance from Simon 's classical folk early style . Near the end of the album , an audience member calls out for Simon to `` say a few words . '' He replies : `` Say a few words ? Well , let 's hope that we continue to live . '' The album was a moderate success . It reached # 33 in the U.S. and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA . However , it failed to chart at all in the UK . Further , two of the live performances were released as a single as part of the promotion for the album : the breakthrough Simon & Garfunkel `` The Sound of Silence '' as the A-side , along with Simon 's debut single `` Mother and Child Reunion '' on the B-side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc71ad876e947f2446fa90b8a09235ca", "text": "The Independent Institute of Education The Independent Institute of Education ( IIE ) is the largest and most accredited private higher education institution in South Africa . The IIE is a wholly owned subsidiary of investment holding company ADvTECH Group Limited . The IIE confers a range of tertiary qualifications , through various faculties , via a number of academic institutions in South Africa , including Vega , Varsity College , and The Design School Southern Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e57f0ea891bc69e5b1ceea3d725e9e1", "text": "Milligan College Milligan College is a selective Christian liberal arts college founded in 1866 and located in the mountains of Upper East Tennessee and the Tri-Cities region of the state . The school has a student population of more than 1,200 students , most of whom reside and study on its 195 acre campus which is located just a few miles from downtown Johnson City . It is consistently ranked as one of the top liberal arts colleges in the country and well known for its core humanities program . Milligan was named a `` College of Distinction '' in 2011 . In 2016 , the college was named the number two institution of higher education in the state of Tennessee , second only to Vanderbilt University and was ranked one of the best colleges in the nation by the 2017 edition of The Princeton Review Milligan College is historically related to the Christian Churches/Churches of Christ , the Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) , and the a cappella Churches of Christ , with about 35 percent of the student body coming from these religious groups . While the college maintains close ties with the churches which founded it , the school welcomes students from all backgrounds . The college offers over 30 undergraduate programs of study and four graduate programs . As part of its focus on faith , Milligan strives to develop authentic Christian community , deep Christian spirituality , and a passion for Christian service among its students . The college works to prepare students to join God 's work of redemption and reconciliation in the larger world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "768528819933e54f5a60c8a1fedea1bc", "text": "Revelle College Revelle College is the oldest residential college at the University of California , San Diego in La Jolla , California . Founded in 1964 , it is named after oceanographer and UC San Diego founder Roger Revelle . UC San Diego -- along with Revelle College -- was founded at the height of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union . As a result , the initial class of 181 undergraduates comprised only 30 non-science majors . Revelle College focuses on developing `` a well-rounded student who is intellectually skilled and prepared for competition in a complex world . '' Revelle 's general education requirements are rigorously structured in the tradition of a classical liberal arts college . Revelle 's stated goal of creating `` Renaissance scholars '' is reflected in these requirements , which ensure that a graduate has experience in humanities , calculus , physical science , biology , social science , a fine art , and a foreign language . Revelle College 's core writing course , Humanities ( HUM ) , is a challenging Western Civilization course that incorporates writing , history and other social science requirements into a five-quarter ( 1 year ) sequence through which students examine the greater social and literary developments throughout Western culture . In 2014 , the college celebrated its fiftieth anniversary . The same year , UCSD Housing and Dining opened a new dining commons named `` 64 Degrees '' to replace the old Plaza Cafe and Incredi-Bowls food truck . Most of the Revelle residential campus was renovated from 2009 to 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cc8f2b1d7074204d2859a6fa213dfa5", "text": "Schreyer Honors College The Schreyer Honors College ( or SHC ) is the honors program of the Pennsylvania State University . Founded in 1980 as the University Scholars Program , it was expanded and renamed in 1997 in response to a $ 30 million gift by William and Joan Schreyer . Schreyer was one of three honors colleges , along with those at Arizona State and Mississippi , to be listed by Reader 's Digest in its `` America 's 100 Best '' list published in May , 2005 . On November 17 , 2006 , the Schreyers pledged an additional gift of $ 25 million to the Schreyer Honors College . Having contributed more than $ 58 million to Penn State , they were the largest family donors in the school 's history , prior to the recent donation of $ 88 million from Terry and Kim Pegula for a new arena . After a decade of service , Dean Christian Brady announced in May 2016 that he was stepping down , effective May 31 . Kathleen J. Bieschke was named interim dean on May 25 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be1c2857a05d7bb0064718fc0a05347f", "text": "Paul C. Reinert Rev. Paul Clare Reinert , S.J. , ( August 12 , 1910 -- July 22 , 2001 ) was the president of Saint Louis University and a community leader in St. Louis , Missouri , USA . During his twenty-five year tenure as president , Reinert transformed the university and was a vocal advocate for social justice . He was born on August 12 , 1910 , to Francis and Emma Reinert and died July 22 , 2001 , in St. Louis , Missouri . In 1927 , he entered the Society of Jesus and received both an A.B. ( 1927 ) and a M.A. ( 1934 ) from Saint Louis University . He then served as register at St. Mary 's College in Kansas before earning a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago ( 1944 ) . After completing his Ph.D. , he returned to Saint Louis University to serve as the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences ( 1944 -- 1948 ) , vice-president ( 1948 -- 1949 ) and president ( 1949 -- 1974 ) . After he retired from the presidency , he served as chancellor ( 1974 -- 1991 ) and chancellor emeritus ( 1991 -- 2001 ) until his death . Reinert 's presidency of Saint Louis University marked a seminal period in the history of the university , Catholic education and American education in general . He faced an increased post-war enrollment in higher education and the necessary changes in curriculum . Under his administration , the university admitted women as regular students . In addition , while a junior administrator , he worked for the admission of the first African-American students to the university in 1944 . Saint Louis University thus became the first historically white university in a former slave state to admit African-American students . As the country 's cities faced increased racial tensions and urban universities dealt with the dilemma of the `` white flight '' . Reinert committed the institution to remain in urban St. Louis , as other American universities left their urban origins . As a result , Reinert became a leader in the revitalization of the inner city of St. Louis and the promotion of St. Louis higher education . His 1958 appointment to the Missouri Governor 's Committee of Education beyond High School eventually led to the formation of the St. Louis Junior College District in 1962 upon the recommendation of Dr. Ernest V. Hollis of the U.S. Department of Education and Edward B. Shils . He also was the member of other important state , federal and Catholic education committees that established policies that set the standard for education in his time . As a national leader in Catholic education , Reinert remained confident in the advantages that private Catholic colleges and universities offered to their communities . He sought to expand Saint Louis University 's campus and to create programs that would attract minority students to a historically white university . Under Reinert 's direction in 1967 , Saint Louis University became the first Catholic university to include lay member on its board of trustees . This reorganization initiated a trend that transformed Catholic higher education in America . In addition to this reorganization , he appointed lay professionals to high-ranking administrative positions in the university . Even though critics believed that Reinert 's decision conflicted with his position as a Jesuit and diluted the university 's Jesuit nature , Reinert and others believed that the changes both reaffirmed the Ignatian educational mission and broadened the university 's vision for the future . Moreover , his reorganization of the university demonstrated the increased status of the university and its dedication to serving the community . He continued to serve the community after his retirement as president in 1974 . Reinert 's publications include two books concerning the status of Catholic higher education , The Urban Catholic University ( 1970 ) and To Turn the Tide ( 1972 ) , and a history of the university since the war , Seasons of Change : Reflections on Half a Century of Saint Louis University , co-authored with Paul Shore ( 1996 ) . For his work , Reinert has been honored with a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac04a0727bcba060176b51535990ebbd", "text": "Liberal arts college A liberal arts college is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences . A liberal arts college aims to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities , in contrast to a professional , vocational , or technical curriculum . Students in a liberal arts college generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects , including sciences as well as the traditional humanities subjects taught as liberal arts . Although it draws on European antecedents , the liberal arts college is strongly associated with American higher education , and most liberal arts colleges around the world draw explicitly on the American model . There is no formal definition of liberal arts college , but one American authority defines them as schools that `` emphasize undergraduate education and award at least half of their degrees in the liberal arts fields of study . '' Other researchers have adopted similar definitions . Although many liberal arts colleges are exclusively undergraduate , some also offer graduate programs that lead to a master 's degree or doctoral degree in subjects such as business administration , nursing , medicine , and law . Similarly , although the term `` liberal arts college '' most commonly refers to an independent institution , it may also sometimes refer to a university college within or affiliated with a larger university . Most liberal arts colleges outside of the United States follow this model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd6f1f790f815f748c7c0f0f25d5f823", "text": "Wofford College Wofford College , established in 1854 , is an independent , national liberal arts college of around 1,692 students located in downtown Spartanburg , South Carolina , United States . The historic 175 acre campus is recognized as a national arboretum and is one of the few four-year institutions in the southeastern United States founded before the American Civil War that still operates on its original campus . The College features `` The Village , '' which provides distinctive apartment-style housing for seniors . It is listed on the President 's Community Service Honor Roll . Additionally , The Institute of International Education , in its annual `` Open Doors '' report states that the College provides study abroad opportunities for its students . It is best known for its strong academic programs in pre-medical and pre-law studies . Wofford was founded with a bequest of $ 100,000 from the Rev. Benjamin Wofford ( 1780 -- 1850 ) , a Methodist minister and Spartanburg native who sought to create a college for `` literary , classical , and scientific education in my native district of Spartanburg . '' The college 's Main Building is the oldest structure on campus and was designed by the noted Charleston architect Edward C. Jones . In 1941 , the college was awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa , the nation 's oldest academic honor society , and the Beta of South Carolina chapter was the first at a private college in South Carolina . The academic year consists of a four-month fall semester , a one-month January term called the Interim , and a four-month spring semester . Wofford is ranked 77th in US News & World Report 's list of the best national liberal arts colleges , a ranking that has improved in the last 10 years . In 2010 , Forbes ranked it 58th on its Forbes List of America 's 650 Best Colleges . Wofford 's colors are old gold and black . The school mascot is the Terrier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fd26da735b198b7825be2c2e696bd75", "text": "Bachelor of General Studies A Bachelor of General Studies ( BGS ) is an undergraduate degree offered by many colleges and universities in the Western world . The history of the general studies concept is coeval with that of the medieval European university ( where it existed under the formal Latin designation Studium generale ) . The BGS offers students the ability to design a unique degree plan while meeting their academic institution 's general requirements . This flexibility allows students to complete a bachelor 's degree that offers an element of individualism absent in many other degrees specific to a particular discipline . A BGS holds the same value as other degrees in liberal arts or sciences and is often referred to as an `` interdisciplinary '' degree which allows students to build strong arguments based on information from a broad range of topics . In the United States hundreds of colleges and universities offer BGS programs . Students typically can choose from concentrations in a variety of areas . Examples include the University of Michigan , Western Illinois University , the University of Connecticut , University of Miami , California University of Management and Technology ( CALMAT ) , University of Nebraska at Omaha , and Charter Oak State College which offers a BGS degree with a wide variety of concentration options . Regent University is one of few Christian universities to offer a general studies degree . Despite its name , Columbia University School of General Studies does not offer a Bachelor of General Studies . It does , however , offer more than 70 majors and concentrations , and graduates receive a Bachelor of Arts degree .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51550d0a0d3a160030b018f74d556ad6", "text": "Williams Baptist College Williams Baptist College is a private , coeducational , four-year college located in the Lawrence County , Arkansas community of Walnut Ridge . Founded in 1941 , this institution began its life as a two year school . It began granting bachelor 's degrees in 1984 . The name of the school was changed in 1991 from Southern Baptist College to Williams Baptist College in honor of its founder and first president , Dr. H. E. Williams . The current president of the institution is Dr. Tom Jones . Williams has been accredited since 1963 through the Higher Learning Commission of North Central Association of Colleges and Schools . The college is owned and operated by the Arkansas Baptist State Convention , which is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention . Previous presidents include Dr. H.E. Williams ( 1941-1973 ) , Dr. D. Jack Nicholas ( 1973-1991 ) , Dr. Jimmy Millikin ( 1991-1993 ) , Dr. Gary Huckabay ( 1993-1995 ) and Dr. Jerol B. Swaim ( 1995-2012 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91ccc707d888c04ada67b72853b0cbd", "text": "Earlham College Earlham College is a private , liberal arts college in Richmond , Indiana . Established in 1847 by the Religious Society of Friends ( Quakers ) , Earlham welcomes students of all faiths and offers an education rooted in such Quaker values as integrity , a commitment to peace and social justice , mutual respect and community decision-making . Earlham is ranked 29th ( 98th percentile ) among 1,533 U.S. institutions of higher learning in the percentage of graduates who go on to receive Ph.D. s , and is 10th ( 99th percentile ) in producing Ph.D. s in the biological sciences and 14th ( 99th percentile ) in the life sciences . In 2016 , Earlham ranked number 61 among national liberal arts colleges by U.S. News & World Report . Forbes Magazine in 2016 ranked Earlham at 106 in private colleges and 82 in `` grateful grads . '' Forbes gave Earlham an A + financial rating . Earlham is member of the Colleges That Change Lives . Nearly half of Earlham alumni graduating in the last 10 years enrolled in graduate or professional school , including institutions such as Harvard Medical School , University of Pennsylvania , Columbia University , Washington University of St. Louis and the University of Oxford in England . Earlham is primarily a residential undergraduate college , but also offers a Master of Arts in Teaching , which provides a route for teacher licensure to students with liberal arts undergraduate degrees . There is also an affiliated graduate seminary , the Earlham School of Religion , which offers three master 's degrees : a Master of Divinity , Master of Ministry , and Master of Arts in Religion . Earlham College is listed in Loren Pope 's book , Colleges That Change Lives , and has produced two Nobel laureates ( both in chemistry ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e24b3d1ff33ebaf90066dce5b2acf21", "text": "Centenary College of Louisiana Centenary College of Louisiana is a private , four-year arts and sciences college located in Shreveport , Louisiana . The college is affiliated with the United Methodist Church . Founded in 1825 , it is the oldest chartered liberal arts college west of the Mississippi River and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "484f7e632ab4e11c0c24456103b8c932", "text": "Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education The Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education is a merchant marine educational facility in Piney Point , Maryland which is affiliated with the Seafarers International Union . Founded in 1967 in Brooklyn , New York as the `` The Seafarers ' Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship '' , the Paul Hall Center is the largest training facility for deep sea merchant seafarers and inland waterways boatmen in the United States . The school was moved to the 60 acre plot at the confluence of the Potomac River and St. George 's Creek at the Piney Point location in 1991 , and at the same time renamed after former SIU president Paul Hall . According to SIU , `` Tens of thousands of rated and licensed seamen have completed upgrading classes at the training center . Additionally , more than 21,000 men and women from every state in the U.S. , Puerto Rico and several U.S. territories have graduated from the trainee program for those just beginning their maritime careers . '' The center features a number of buildings , including : the Joseph Sacco Fire Fighting and Safety School , the Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship , the Thomas B. Crowley Sr. . Education Center , and the Paul Hall Library and Maritime Museum . The Romeo Lupinacci Culinary lab Prior to the opening of the Paul Hall Center , SIU maintained training facilities at five different ports . In 1966 , the union bought the Piney Point site . The program grew to include other offerings , such as a reading skills program , a high-school equivalency program , an adult basic skills program , and English as a Second Language program . In 1978 , SIU entered into an arrangement with Charles County Community College of Maryland which allows participants to earn an Associates of Arts degree . In 1993 , the Maryland Higher Education Commission authorized the college program to change its degree award to an Associate of Applied Science degree and to a certificate program in Maritime Technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4c3c8c52de1157b467a8c1e62ac50ac", "text": "William Peace University William Peace University is a small liberal arts college in downtown Raleigh , North Carolina , United States . It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church , and offers undergraduate degrees in 26 majors . The institution adopted its current name in 2012 , concurrent with its decision to begin admitting men to its day program ; it was previously known as Peace Institute and Peace College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fff4573eba98de1e9a4aa8b732d5f524", "text": "Wolfson College, Oxford Wolfson College -LSB- ˈwʊlfsən -RSB- is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . Located in north Oxford along the River Cherwell , Wolfson is an all-graduate college with over sixty governing body fellows , in addition to both research and junior research fellows . It caters to a wide range of subjects , from the humanities to the social and natural sciences . The college is also Oxford University 's most international and interdisciplinary graduate college , with students from 75 nationalities enrolled in masters and doctoral programs . The liberal philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin was the college 's first president , and was instrumental not only in its founding in 1965 , but establishing its tradition of academic excellence and egalitarianism . The college houses The Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust and the annual Isaiah Berlin Lecture . The current president of Wolfson College is Dame Hermione Lee , to be succeeded in Summer 2018 by Tim Hitchens . As of 2006 , the college had a financial endowment of # 33.5 million .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ba9956934f8417dda0bbbbfdd77ccd59", "text": "Animal Farm Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell , first published in England on 17 August 1945 . According to Orwell , the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union . Orwell , a democratic socialist , was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism , an attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the Spanish Civil War . The Soviet Union , he believed , had become a brutal dictatorship , built upon a cult of personality and enforced by a reign of terror . In a letter to Yvonne Davet , Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin ( `` un conte satirique contre Staline '' ) , and in his essay `` Why I Write '' ( 1946 ) , wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he tried , with full consciousness of what he was doing , `` to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole '' . The original title was Animal Farm : A Fairy Story ; U.S. publishers dropped the subtitle when it was published in 1946 , and only one of the translations during Orwell 's lifetime kept it . Other titular variations include subtitles like `` A Satire '' and `` A Contemporary Satire '' . Orwell suggested the title Union des républiques socialistes animales for the French translation , which abbreviates to URSA , the Latin word for `` bear '' , a symbol of Russia . It also played on the French name of the Soviet Union , Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques . Orwell wrote the book between November 1943 and February 1944 , when the UK was in its wartime alliance with the Soviet Union and the British people and intelligentsia held Stalin in high esteem , a phenomenon Orwell hated . The manuscript was initially rejected by a number of British and American publishers , including one of Orwell 's own , Victor Gollancz , which delayed its publication . It became a great commercial success when it did appear partly because international relations were transformed as the wartime alliance gave way to the Cold War . Time magazine chose the book as one of the 100 best English-language novels ( 1923 to 2005 ) ; it also featured at number 31 on the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels . It won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 , and is included in the Great Books of the Western World selection .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e83acc7daa89806702ba77cf38ab2d38", "text": "This Is not the End This Is not the End is the fourth studio album by Australian band Baby Animals , released in May 2013 . The album comes two decades since their last full-length studio album . The album debuted and peaked at number 19 , becoming the band 's third top 20 album . The album debuted at number 3 on the Australian indie chart . The band promoted the album with the `` Feed the Birds '' tour throughout Australia in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f502aa583958205575a93f2c73cd8d", "text": "The Animal Song `` The Animal Song '' is a song by Savage Garden , released in February 1999 . The song was written for the soundtrack of the film The Other Sister , but also appeared on their second studio album , Affirmation , as well as their compilation album , Truly Madly Completely : The Best of Savage Garden . It was the band 's first song to be produced by Walter Afanasieff , a producer well known for his work with Mariah Carey . Walter would later produce the group 's Affirmation album , and also Darren Hayes ' first solo album , Spin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a7380bc00d94d41d546db95542c044", "text": "68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards . The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) . Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be76f5d4059279b7d8a13ba5ddae070", "text": "Wartime Farm Wartime Farm is a British historical documentary TV series in which the running of a farm in the Second World War is reenacted , first broadcast on BBC Two on 6 September 2012 . It was made for the BBC by independent production company Lion Television in association with the Open University , and was filmed at Manor Farm Country Park close to Southampton . The farming team consisted of historian Ruth Goodman , and archaeologists Alex Langlands and Peter Ginn . In 2010 the farming team had turned Morwellham Quay in Devon back to how it was in Edwardian times in the programme Edwardian Farm ; in 2009 the team had embraced the Shropshire estate of Acton Scott , which they ran in Victorian style for a full calendar year in the programme Victorian Farm ; and in 2004 they started their cooperation with Tales from the Green Valley , exploring life on a British farm in the 17th century . The Wartime Farm commissioning executives for the BBC are Emma Willis and James Hayes , and the Executive Producer for Lion Television is David Upshal . An associated book by Langlands , Ginn and Goodman -- Wartime Farm : Rediscovering the Skills and Spirit of World War II -- was published in 2012 . In addition , a free booklet was made available to viewers in the UK and Ireland , by the Open University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ecb90333d027c8488fa524dba496aea", "text": "Animality studies Animality studies is an emerging interdisciplinary academic field focused on the cultural study of animals and animality . It can be distinguished from animal studies and critical animal studies by its resistance to animal rights or animal welfare as an explicit justification for work in this field . According to Michael Lundblad , `` If animal studies can be seen as work that explores representations of animality and related discourses with an emphasis on advocacy for nonhuman animals , animality studies becomes work that emphasizes the history of animality in relation to human cultural studies , without an explicit call for nonhuman advocacy . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79ee45ed83325535b3b268bfa98cfef7", "text": "Eisner Award The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards , commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards , are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books , sometimes referred to as the Comics Industry 's equivalent of the Oscar Awards . They are named in honor of the pioneering writer and artist Will Eisner , who was a regular participant in the award ceremony until his death in 2005 . The Eisner Awards include the Comic Industry 's Hall of Fame . The nominations in each category are generated by a five-member panel , then voted on by comic book professionals and presented at the annual San Diego Comic-Con International convention held in July , usually on a Friday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac15bbc56715bc55dcc6de3bda402349", "text": "César Award for Best Original Screenplay The César Award for Best Original Screenplay ( César du meilleur scénario original ) is an award presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma . It was initially awarded from 1983 to 1985 , and then awarded again in 2006 , when the original category ( César Award for Best Writing ) was split into two awards , the other being César Award for Best Adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8394dbdb939a626339fc497ded02578e", "text": "Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom may refer to : Animal or the Kingdom Animalia , a classification of living organisms Animal Kingdom ( horse ) , winner of the 2011 Kentucky Derby Disney 's Animal Kingdom , a theme park at Walt Disney World , Florida , U.S. Animal Kingdom Resort Area , a group of resorts near the theme park In performing arts : The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 play by Philip Barry The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 American comedy-drama film based on the play Animal Kingdom ( film ) , a 2010 Australian crime film Animal Kingdom ( TV series ) , an American television series on TNT inspired by the Australian film Animal Kingdom ( band ) , a UK indie rock band Animal Kingdom , a 2008 album by Baseball Animal Kingdom , a 2010 album by Raptile Animal Kingdom : Let 's Go Ape , a 2013 Belgian-French-Italian CGI-animated film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c01276185246f261980f83d0875cb36", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . It was first awarded in 2012 , after a major overhaul of Grammy Award categories . The award combines the previous categories for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal , Best Country Collaboration with Vocals and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if the instrumental recording is performed by a duo or group ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for duo/group or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eda4fc0042da78360cab798fd3398b8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only . The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7328f0428fcc3155f7b220b3385f37b1", "text": "Lorri Houston Lorri Houston ( aka Lorri Bauston ) is the `` pioneer '' for the farm animal sanctuary movement . Houston has been an animal rights researcher , activist , and a vegan for most of her life . She co-founded the Farm Sanctuary in 1986 and founded Animal Acres in 2005 . Houston has played a crucial role in the animal rights and activism movement over the past 20 years , and has made significant contributions to legislation and legal terminology regarding animal cruelty against farm animals subject to factory farming . Houston 's work with animal rights is strongly tied to Feminist Theory because of its deep-rooted connections between the oppression of women and the oppression of animals in society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73c5c7d1a088c6b82296224498121933", "text": "AnimalBase AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen , Germany . The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature , provide copyright-free open access to zoological works , and provide manually verified lists of names of zoological genera and species as a free resource for the public . AnimalBase contributed to opening up the classical taxonomic literature , which is considered as useful because access to early literature ( especially for the late 18th century ) can be difficult for researchers who need the old sources for their taxonomic research . AnimalBase data are public domain . The public use of AnimalBase data is not restricted or conditioned . AnimalBase covers all zoological disciplines . In the field of biodiversity informatics AnimalBase is unique in providing links between the names of generic and specific taxa and their digitized original descriptions , with a special focus on literature and names published prior to 1800 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "75c31d9d808ed436715e914423fafaf2", "text": "The Twilight Saga (film series) The Twilight Saga is a series of five romance fantasy films from Summit Entertainment based on the four novels by American author Stephenie Meyer . The films star Kristen Stewart , Robert Pattinson , and Taylor Lautner . The series has grossed over $ 3.3 billion in worldwide receipts and consists , to date , of five motion pictures . The first installment , Twilight , was released on November 21 , 2008 . The second installment , New Moon , followed on November 20 , 2009 , breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history , grossing an estimated $ 72.7 million . The third installment , Eclipse , was released on June 30 , 2010 , and was the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX . The series was in development since 2004 at Paramount Pictures , during which time a screen adaptation of Twilight that differed significantly from the novel was written . Three years later , Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the film . After Twilight grossed $ 35.7 million on its opening day , Summit Entertainment announced they would begin production on New Moon ; they had acquired the rights to the remaining novels earlier that same month . A two-part adaptation of Breaking Dawn began shooting in November 2010 with release dates of November 18 , 2011 , and November 16 , 2012 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fefb9950361c5e100a2c848aab78e2c", "text": "Robert Pattinson Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson ( born 13 May 1986 ) is an English actor , producer , model , and musician . Pattinson started his film career by playing Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , a 2005 fantasy film . He later got the leading role of vampire Edward Cullen in the film adaptations of the Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer , which consisted of five films between 2008 and 2012 that combined grossed over $ 3.3 billion in worldwide receipts . Twilight brought Pattinson worldwide fame , and established him among the highest paid and most bankable actors in Hollywood . In 2010 , Pattinson was named one of TIME magazine 's 100 Most Influential People in The World , and also in the same year Forbes ranked him as one of the most powerful celebrities in the world in the Forbes Celebrity 100 . In 2009 , he portrayed Salvador Dalí in Little Ashes . That same year , a documentary film , Robsessed , about the actor 's fame and popularity , was released . He appeared as a troubled young man in Remember Me ( 2010 ) and also starred in a romantic drama , Water for Elephants ( 2011 ) . His performance as a tough , cold-hearted and calculating billionaire in David Cronenberg 's Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , earned him critical praise . He gained further critical appreciation for his performances in David Michod 's futuristic western The Rover ( 2014 ) , in Cronenberg 's satire drama Maps to the Stars ( 2014 ) , in James Gray 's The Lost City of Z ( 2017 ) , as an aide-de-camp to an explorer who disappeared in the Amazon while looking for an ancient city , and in Safdie Brothers Good Time ( 2017 ) . Pattinson started his career as a model at the age of 12 . In 2013 Dior Homme signed him as the face of their Fragrances . In 2016 , he also became the first brand ambassador of their Menswear collection . Pattinson composes and plays his own music . He sang songs for the Twilight film series and the 2008 independent comedy-drama film How to Be . He is a supporter of End Child Prostitution , Child Pornography , and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes ( ECPAT ) , Parents and Abducted Children Together ( PACT ) , and the GO Campaign , a nonprofit organization that raises awareness and funds to help orphans and vulnerable children throughout the world . He became ambassador of the latter in 2015 to help raise international awareness of it . He is also a member of International Medical Corps and has promoted and shared details about cancer through PSAs to raise awareness about the disease .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7c6dba7d7a97c778a12ea9a067c801dd", "text": "Wesley Taylor Wesley Taylor ( born August 13 , 1986 ) is an American stage actor and writer , probably best known for his work on Broadway , Television , and his original web content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eb383bcb451e30a12a869d4890c12f9", "text": "Jacob Hopkins Jacob Turner Hopkins ( born March 4 , 2002 in San Francisco , California ) is an American actor . He is known for playing the role as Alexander Drew in True Blood , and for playing the voice of Gumball ( second for series , third overall ) , in The Amazing World of Gumball , replacing Logan Grove starting from season 3 . However , in mid-season 5 , he was replaced by Nicolas Cantu , whereas his voice had changed by then .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6db02b0cfc977f6ed8b18c65cbca5b19", "text": "Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event . In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "204e0d74eee2d0ce8db3cccdf9aa25af", "text": "Göran Gillinger Anders Göran Gillinger , ( born 13 February 1973 ) is a Swedish actor and former model . He has a broad background in classical theatre , television and film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c444a63cbbf83e3901fdbd010544ad3", "text": "Brandon Larracuente Brandon Larracuente ( born November 16 , 1994 ) is an actor known for his roles in the Bloodline and 13 Reasons Why .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6ab1fb7f2e447120e78f1c0641bf024", "text": "James Paxton (actor) James Paxton ( born February 23 , 1994 ) is an American actor . He is known for co-starring in the USA drama series Eyewitness as Lukas Waldenbeck . He switched from journalism to film in college before he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting . He is the son of the late actor Bill Paxton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ca172df4da1b1e818dc71768eba949c", "text": "Jay Silverheels Jay Silverheels ( born Harold John Smith , May 26 , 1912 -- March 5 , 1980 ) was a First Nations actor and athlete . He was well known for his role as Tonto , the faithful American Indian companion of the character The Lone Ranger in a long-running American western television series of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00112f748c7d5a7333aeaf2789f4ab7e", "text": "Phillip Van Dyke Phillip Van Dyke ( born June 13 , 1984 ) is an American actor best known for his role as the goblin Luke in the first two installments of the Halloweentown film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "739c7204092089d361924d77b9a0f00b", "text": "Jesse Garcia Jesse Garcia ( born c. 1982 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff1b3ef46fd370d719864961cdbcf113", "text": "Jake Busey William Jacob `` Jake '' Busey ( born June 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , musician and film producer . He is sometimes credited as Jacob Busey or William Busey . Busey was born in Los Angeles , and raised in Malibu , California , the son of photographer Judy Lynn Helkenberg , and actor Gary Busey . Busey spent his childhood on film sets and touring with bands in which his father played . He began considering his career choices at the age of five when he took up the two hobbies that grew into professions : acting and playing drums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af823bfb6bae4d675201a31da308e7c", "text": "K'Sun Ray Kesun Mitchell Loder ( born May 1993 ) , better known by his stage name , K'Sun Ray , is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "375267cec0acbe3116845d68c4cf0a35", "text": "Clyde Kusatsu Clyde Kusatsu ( born September 13 , 1948 ) is an American actor of Japanese descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d63b18fb2b0cbb2c9a336cc1574f82d", "text": "Isiah Whitlock Jr. Isiah Whitlock Jr. ( born September 13 , 1954 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89919d88b2bee4dbcdf252e6ec3d4bd7", "text": "Kario Salem Kario Salem ( born May 23 , 1955 ) , is an American television , film , and stage actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f30ee68ec15c6b70f83103f4839676", "text": "Wes Brown (actor) James Wesley `` Wes '' Brown ( born January 26 , 1982 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cde16ebe9943bc2be0e284e4160e740", "text": "Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecec86c16dbed540e1748ef684646c73", "text": "Sacha Dhawan Sacha Dhawan ( born May 1 , 1984 ) is a British actor of Indian descent . He has performed on stage , film , television and radio .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3672fb7ea13af0e4ab8ca876c809720a", "text": "Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut The Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut is given by Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films to recognise a performance by a male actor in a debut role . However , in the year 1990 , it was a director ( Sooraj R. Barjatya ) who won the award instead of an actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "526fffbb0157304ffb1d09e6eac54855", "text": "Ajay Devgn Ajay Devgan ( born Vishal Veeru Devgan on 2 April 1969 ) , also credited as Ajay Devgn , is an Indian film actor , director and producer . He is widely considered as one of the most popular actors of Hindi cinema , who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Devgan has won numerous accolades , including two National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards . In 2016 , he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian honour of the country . Devgan began his professional career with Phool Aur Kaante in 1991 and received a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut for his performance . He then starred in successful films such as Jigar ( 1992 ) , Dilwale ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Naajayaz ( 1995 ) , Diljale ( 1996 ) and Ishq ( 1997 ) . In 1998 , he appeared in a critically acclaimed performance in Mahesh Bhatt 's drama Zakhm and he received his first National Film Award for Best Actor for his role in the movie . In 1999 , his most-talked-about film was Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam in which he played Vanraj , a man who tries to unite his wife with her lover . In the early 2000s , he gave critically acclaimed performances in Ram Gopal Varma 's fictional expose of Mumbai underworld Company . He played the character of a gangster , for which he won Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor . The same year he gave another critically acclaimed performance in Deewangee for which he received the Filmfare Best Villain Award . In 2003 , he won his second National Film Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Bhagat Singh in Rajkumar Santoshi 's biopic The Legend of Bhagat Singh . Throughout his career he has performed in many critically and commercially successful films including Raincoat ( 2004 ) , '' Gangajal , ( 2004 ) , Yuva ( 2004 ) , Apaharan ( 2005 ) , Omkara ( 2006 ) , Golmaal : Fun Unlimited ( 2006 ) , Golmaal Returns ( 2008 ) , All the Best : Fun Begins ( 2009 ) , Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai ( 2010 ) , Golmaal 3 ( 2010 ) , Raajneeti ( 2010 ) , Singham ( 2011 ) , Bol Bachchan ( 2012 ) , Son of Sardaar ( 2012 ) , Singham Returns ( 2014 ) and Drishyam ( 2015 ) . He has starred in more than hundred Hindi films . Having done so , he established himself as one of the leading actors of Hindi cinema . In addition , Devgn owns a production company Ajay Devgn FFilms which was established in 2000 . In 2008 , he debuted as a film director with U Me Aur Hum . He is married to film actress , Kajol since 1999 and the couple have two children . In August 2009 , Devgn changed his surname from Devgan to Devgn on the request of his family .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "13312bdd4937a2bfee38880c58fb5b8b", "text": "Platform (1993 film) Platform is a 1993 Bollywood action film directed by Deepak Pawar and starring Ajay Devgan in the lead , with Tisca Chopra ( Credited as Priya Arora , her screen name before marriage ) , Prithvi , and Paresh Rawal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bed2734eba1cc561632e50e054ad4ab", "text": "Ajay Sastry Ajay Sastry is a Director/Writer who directed his maiden film called ' Nenu Meeku Telusa ' starring Manchu Manoj , Sneha Ullal and Riya Sen. His journey started with a short film called `` 12 '' ( Baarah ) that was produced by KAD Movies And Rana Daggubati ( of dum marro dum Fame ) . In the past , he played the role of Associate Director & Screenplay writer for movies such as Rakhi and Danger . He had served as president of YOCS ( Young Orators Club ) for many years . He had been an active participant and winner at youth festivals in and around Hyderabad . To add to this Ajay has been the lead singer of Rock bands like `` Alter Egoz '' and `` Jekyll and Hyde '' . An orator and a poet , his poems have been published in the `` American Anthology Of Poetry '' . During his schooling , he had an opportunity through the YMCA to attend the ` World Championship Of Modern Western Dances ' at London and ran a dance school for almost five years before he shifted to being an ad film maker . His first movie as a director ` Nenu Meeku Telusa ' hit the silver screen on October 10 , 2008", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e08f0d62e3eb145953ed04562a35cd75", "text": "Jagdeep Jagdeep is the screen name of ( Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Jafri ; born 29 March 1939 ) is an Indian film actor who has appeared in more than 400 films . He is especially known for his comic roles . He played Soorma Bhopali in Sholay ( 1975 ) , Machchar in Purana Mandir ( 1984 ) , Salman Khan 's dad in Andaz Apna Apna ( 1994 ) and directed a movie Soorma Bhopali with this character as the protagonist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f682819e3c3670ec0b54c9fb04b2b542", "text": "Diljit Dosanjh Diljit Dosanjh ( Punjabi : ਦਿਲਜੀਤ ਦੋਸਾਂਝ ) is an Indian film actor , singer and television presenter , who works in Punjabi and Hindi cinema . He is recognized as one of the leading artists in the Punjabi music industry . He also acts in Punjabi movies , with many of them being noticeable hits , including 2012 film Jatt & Juliet , 2013 films Jatt & Juliet 2 and Punjab 1984 , 2015 film Sardaar Ji , and the 2016 films Ambarsariya and Sardaar Ji 2 -- which are counted among the most successful Punjabi movies in history . His first recorded mainstream performance was his solo track and music video Ishq Da Uda Ada from his 2000 album produced by Finetone Cassettes . He made his Bollywood debut with Udta Punjab in 2016 for which he earned Filmfare Award for Best Debut ( Male ) . He mostly works with White Hill Productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa5abac99c56bb0c152c23e617d9a366", "text": "Vitti Dandu Vitti Dandu ( Marathi : विटी दांडू ) is a First Marathi language film Produced by Ajay Devgn . Film is directed by Ganesh Kadam and written by Vikas Kadam . The film stars Dilip Prabhavalkar , Ashok Samarth In lead roles . Trailer of the film was launched on YouTube on 14 August 2014 , one day before the Indian Independence Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba9d3be7713f5a6c5acd0916746a9446", "text": "Ajay Naidu Ajay Kalahastri Naidu ( born February 12 , 1972 ) is an American actor . He is of Indian descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a02255f3be774b1b7b666bd2649d8c19", "text": "Aryann Bhowmik Aryann Bhowmik is a Bengali film actor who is best known for his work in the 2011 Bengali film Chalo Paltai . His acting has made a mark in the Tollywood arena . Apart from films , Aryann has also made appearances in television and shows . His collaboration with renowned Bengali actor Prosenjit Chatterjee brought him into the limelight . His earlier name was Devdaan , which he changed to Aryann in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f35ad0fed0ff5832a1f48a92d21cc9", "text": "Girish Karnad Girish Raghunath Karnad ( born 19 May 1938 ) is an Indian actor , film director , writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar , who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood . his rise as a playwright in 1960s , marked the coming of age of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada , just as Badal Sarkar did in Bengali , Vijay Tendulkar in Marathi , and Mohan Rakesh in Hindi . He is a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award , the highest literary honour conferred in India . For four decades Karnad has been composing plays , often using history and mythology to tackle contemporary issues . He has translated his plays into English and has received acclaim . His plays have been translated into some Indian languages and directed by directors like Ebrahim Alkazi , B. V. Karanth , Alyque Padamsee , Prasanna , Arvind Gaur , Satyadev Dubey , Vijaya Mehta , Shyamanand Jalan , Amal Allana and Zafer Mohiuddin . He is active in the world of Indian cinema working as an actor , director , and screenwriter , in Hindi and Kannada cinema , earning awards along the way . He was conferred Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India and won four Filmfare Awards , of which three are Filmfare Award for Best Director -- Kannada and the fourth a Filmfare Best Screenplay Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edbc148a091f089a070fdc3f10574916", "text": "Aegan Aegan is a 2008 Tamil action film directed and co-written by Raju Sundaram and produced by Ayngaran International based on the 2004 Shahrukh Khan starrer Main Hoon Na . It stars Ajith Kumar , Nayantara , Suman , Jayaram , Navdeep and Piaa Bajpai . The film opened to Indian audiences on 25 October 2008 , coinciding with the Diwali season . The film , upon release received mixed reviews and was hit at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77dade84eeae50d93a8de2a8bc663ecd", "text": "Kachche Dhaage Kachche Dhaage is a 1999 Hindi action thriller film directed by Milan Luthria and starring Ajay Devgan , Saif Ali Khan and Manisha Koirala . The film features Devgan as a smuggler , delivering goods across the Rajasthan-Pakistan border , was filmed in the deserts of Rajasthan and in Switzerland . It premiered on 10 February 1999 in Mumbai . A film under the same title , Kuchhe Dhaage ( spelling variation ) was originally released in 1973 , directed by Raj Khosla and starred Vinod Khanna , Moushumi Chatterjee and Kabir Bedi . The film also has similarities with Jackie Chan 's 1987 film Armour of God .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a008394a7dc7518fcf9249ee77a835", "text": "Aaghaat Aaghat is a 2010 Marathi film directed by veteran movie and stage actor Vikram Gokhale . Produced by Sprint Arts Creations Pvt. Ltd. and producers Mohan Damle , Sanjay Sathaye and Shriram Dandekar , the film is based on a story written by Dr Nitin Lavangare . The cast of the film includes actors Vikram Gokhale , Mukta Barve , Kadambari Kadam and Dr Amol Kolhe . The film was shot in Pune and was released in theatres on 24 December 2010 . The film deals with the bureaucratic structure in major private hospitals , the administration 's approach towards patients and their relatives and ego issues of reputed medical practitioners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e17c64bbf81d692e945017022036e839", "text": "Aatank Aatank is a 1996 Bollywood film starring Dharmendra , Vinod Mehra , Hema Malini , Amjad Khan , Ravi Kissen and Nafisa Ali . It is inspired by the Hollywood film Jaws as it has a sub-plot with a killer shark . The film began production in the mid 80s and was delayed for several years and released in 1996 . By the time of its release , two of its cast members Vinod Mehra and Amjad Khan had died . Most of the movie feature a younger Dharmendra and Hema Malini but one scene features a much older Dharmendra and Hema Malini resulting in a continuity error . As Amjad Khan expired in 1992 , the dubbing for his voice has been done by a mimic artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a338734ab949eb79be07914fcbc9bbea", "text": "Agent Vinod (1977 film) Agent Vinod is a 1977 Hindi action Spy film directed by Deepak Bahry . The film stars Mahendra Sandhu as a dashing Indian secret agent and Jagdeep as a comic side-kick . This movie turned out to be a surprise hit . Its title was reused in the 2012 Hindi film of the same name , however it is n't a remake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e027dca8912e982679d9a55691c8b5", "text": "Nana Patekar Vishwanath `` Nana '' Patekar ( नाना पाटेकर , born 1 January 1951 ) is an Indian actor , writer and filmmaker , mainly working in Hindi and Marathi films . He won a National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Parinda ( 1989 ) . He then won the Filmfare Best Villain Award for his role on Angaar ( 1992 ) . In 1995 , he won the National Film Award for Best Actor as well as the Filmfare and the Screen awards for Best Actor for his role in Krantiveer ( 1994 ) . He also won his second Filmfare Best Villain Award for his role in Apaharan ( 2005 ) . He is also the only actor ever to win Filmfare Award for Best Actor , Best Supporting Actor and Best Villain categories . He was bestowed the fourth highest civilian honour of India when he was awarded the Padma Shri award for his dedication in the field of Films and Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f0931bb2bd8b209ae6eb11d8000ca97", "text": "Gambler (film) Gambler is a 1971 Bollywood thriller film directed by Amarjeet . The film stars Dev Anand and Shatrughan Sinha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29a0dac97ba93ead30a7ac88214c8c81", "text": "Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd. . is an Indian entertainment company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "503eafb6780d66fc6f3bca4b187f0d6c", "text": "Palay Khan (film) Palay Khan is a 1986 Bollywood film directed by Ashim S. Samanta and featuring Jackie Shroff , Poonam Dhillon in lead roles .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ced71db101cfe310342170246bc2f9b4", "text": "Men's major golf championships The men 's major golf championships , commonly known as the Major Championships , and often referred to simply as the majors , are the four most prestigious annual tournaments in professional golf . In order of play date , they are : April -- Masters Tournament ( weekend ending 2nd Sunday in April ) -- hosted as an invitational by and played at Augusta National Golf Club in the U.S. state of Georgia . June -- U.S. Open ( weekend ending with the 3rd Sunday in June , or Father 's Day . ) -- hosted by the United States Golf Association ( USGA ) and played at various locations in the United States . July -- The Open Championship ( week containing the 3rd Friday in July ) -- hosted by The R&A , an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews , and always played on a links course at one of ten locations in the United Kingdom . August -- PGA Championship ( 3rd weekend prior to Labor Day weekend , although subject to change during Summer Olympics years ) -- hosted by the Professional Golfers ' Association of America and played at various locations in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "255dc131e5f35cf7272cdbd5e2e635a6", "text": "2006 Masters Tournament The 2006 Masters Tournament was the 70th Masters Tournament , played April 6 -- 9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Prior to the tournament , the course was lengthened by 155 yd to 7445 yd , up from 7290 yd in 2005 . Phil Mickelson won the second of his three Masters and second consecutive major with a 281 ( -- 7 ) , two strokes ahead of runner-up Tim Clark . The purse was $ 7 million and the winner 's share was $ 1.26 million . This was the final Masters appearance for three-time champion Nick Faldo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de9664e41443795b37dc7c97c54b9a4d", "text": "2013 Open Championship The 2013 Open Championship was the 142nd Open Championship , held 18 -- 21 July at Muirfield Golf Links in Gullane , East Lothian , Scotland . Phil Mickelson shot a final round 66 ( − 5 ) to win his fifth major title , three strokes ahead of runner-up Henrik Stenson . Mickelson began the round five strokes back , in a tie for ninth place . Ian Poulter , Adam Scott , and 54-hole leader Lee Westwood tied for third , four back of Mickelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b3c80dfb706731c55f306e62dc68825", "text": "PGA Tour The PGA Tour ( officially rendered in all capital letters , as PGA TOUR ) is the organizer of the main professional golf tours played primarily by men in the United States and North America . It organizes most of the events on the flagship annual series of tournaments also known as the PGA Tour , as well as PGA Tour Champions ( for golfers age 50 and older ) and the Web.com Tour ( for professional players who have not yet qualified to play in the PGA Tour ) , as well as PGA Tour Canada , PGA Tour Latinoamérica , and PGA Tour China . It is headquartered in Ponte Vedra Beach , Florida , a suburb of Jacksonville . Originally established by the Professional Golfers ' Association of America , it was spun off in December 1968 into a separate organization for tour players , as opposed to club professionals , the focal members of today 's PGA of America . Originally the `` Tournament Players Division , '' it adopted the name `` PGA Tour '' in 1975 and runs most of the week-to-week professional golf events on the tournament known as the PGA Tour , including The Players Championship , hosted at TPC Sawgrass , the FedEx Cup , with its finale at The Tour Championship at East Lake Golf Club , and the biennial Presidents Cup . The remaining events on the PGA Tour are run by different organizations , as are the U.S.-based LPGA Tour for women and the other men 's and women 's professional tours around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b5172e1bda7aef11f9b4973b22a774c", "text": "U.S. Open (golf) The United States Open Championship , commonly known as the U.S. Open , is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States . It is the second of the four major championships in golf , and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour . It is staged by the United States Golf Association ( USGA ) in mid-June , scheduled so that , if there are no weather delays , the final round is played on the third Sunday , which is Father 's Day . The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses , set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult with a premium placed on accurate driving . U.S. Open play is characterized by tight scoring at or around par by the leaders , with the winner usually emerging at around even par . A U.S. Open course is seldom beaten severely , and there have been many over-par wins ( in part because par is usually set at 70 , except for the very longest courses ) . Normally , an Open course is quite long and will have a high cut of primary rough ( termed `` Open rough '' by the American press and fans ) ; undulating greens ( such as at Pinehurst No. 2 in 2005 , which was described by Johnny Miller of NBC as `` like trying to hit a ball on top of a VW Beetle '' ) ; pinched fairways ( especially on what are expected to be less difficult holes ) ; and two or three holes that are short par fives under regular play would be used as long par fours during the tournament ( often to meet that frequently used par of 70 , forcing players to have accurate long drives ) . Some courses that are attempting to get into the rotation for the U.S. Open will undergo renovations to develop these features . Rees Jones is the most notable of the `` Open Doctors '' who take on these projects ; his father Robert Trent Jones had filled that role earlier . As with any professional golf tournament , the available space surrounding the course ( for spectators , among other considerations ) and local infrastructure also factor into deciding which courses will host the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46b5b746518fd6ef45e03918da4598d5", "text": "Phil Mickelson Philip Alfred Mickelson ( born June 16 , 1970 ) , nicknamed Lefty , is an American professional golfer . He has won 42 events on the PGA Tour , including five major championships : three Masters titles ( 2004 , 2006 , 2010 ) , a PGA Championship ( 2005 ) , and an Open Championship ( 2013 ) . Mickelson is one of 16 golfers in the history of the sport to win at least three of the four majors . He has won every major except the U.S. Open , where he has finished runner-up a record six times . Mickelson has spent over 700 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking , has reached a career-high world ranking of 2nd several times and is a life member of the PGA Tour . Mickelson is known for his left-handed swing , even though he is otherwise right-handed . He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in May 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd832d17c62d3b16af95fb2e1e9e0ae", "text": "2005 PGA Championship The 2005 PGA Championship was the 87th PGA Championship , played August 11 -- 15 at the Baltusrol Golf Club Lower Course in Springfield , New Jersey , west of New York City . Phil Mickelson earned his second major title by flopping a chip out of deep rough to 2 feet ( 0.6 m ) for birdie on the final hole for a one-shot victory over runners-up Steve Elkington and Thomas Bjørn . The purse was $ 6.5 million with a winner 's share of $ 1.17 million . It was the first PGA Championship held at Baltusrol , which had hosted the U.S. Open seven times , and was the first major championship at Baltusrol since the 1993 U.S. Open , won by Lee Janzen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04bc48dc913e0649442f7f0170dffc75", "text": "2010 Masters Tournament The 2010 Masters Tournament was the 74th Masters Tournament , played April 8 -- 11 at Augusta National Golf Club . Phil Mickelson won his third Masters and fourth major title , three shots ahead of runner-up Lee Westwood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8af544adf6e9cd02b45dc0cf0ae0aac1", "text": "2004 Masters Tournament The 2004 Masters Tournament was the 68th Masters Tournament , held April 8 -- 11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Phil Mickelson , 33 , won his first major championship with a birdie on the final hole to win by one stroke over runner-up Ernie Els . The purse was $ 6.0 million and the winner 's share was $ 1.17 million . This was the 50th consecutive and final Masters appearance for four-time champion Arnold Palmer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1343377157b963ffa3e36a51d9538190", "text": "2000 PGA Championship The 2000 PGA Championship was the 82nd PGA Championship , held August 17 -- 20 at the Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville , Kentucky . It was the second time for the event at Valhalla , which hosted four years earlier in 1996 . Tiger Woods won his second straight PGA Championship and fifth major in a three-hole playoff over Bob May . Woods and May finished at 18 under par to set the PGA Championship record to par , later equaled by Woods in 2006 . It was the first time since 1937 that a PGA Championship title was successfully defended , and the first ever as a stroke play event . Woods and May were five shots ahead of third-place finisher Thomas Bjørn . Woods ' victory marked the first time since 1953 ( Ben Hogan ) that a player had won three major championships in the same calendar year ; Woods won the U.S. Open and the British Open in the previous two months for three consecutive majors . He won the Masters in April 2001 to complete the Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors . May opened with an even-par 72 then shot 66 ( − 6 ) in each of the final three rounds ; this was the only time he was in contention in a major championship . Designer of the course and five-time champion Jack Nicklaus , age 60 , made his final appearance at the PGA Championship . Playing with Woods , he needed an eagle on the 36th hole to make the cut ; his pitch shot missed by inches and he settled for birdie . Valhalla later hosted the Ryder Cup in 2008 , the first U.S. victory in nine years . The Senior PGA Championship was played at the course in 2004 and 2011 and the PGA Championship returned in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22c9d6d972e3541e915d26d920ccb7f2", "text": "Sunset-Camellia Open Invitational The Sunset-Camellia Open Invitational was a PGA Tour event that was played at Sunset Oaks Country Club in Rocklin , California in October 1964 . It was played for only a single year , although at the time it was hoped that it would become a regular stop on the Tour . Big name professional golfers like Arnold Palmer , Gary Player and Jack Nicklaus elected not to play , and despite intensive local media coverage , galleries were small . The tournament was won by Californian Bob McCallister , his second victory in a PGA event . The failure of the tournament and the demise of Sunset City , a real estate project associated with the country club , led to a series of name changes and changes in ownership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b96fe5d72ebf9024b6e8828074c2830", "text": "World Championship (LPGA Tour) The World Championship was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1948 to 1957 . It was played at the Tam O'Shanter Country Club in Niles , Illinois . It was played concurrently with the men 's World Championship of Golf on the PGA Tour as well as World Amateur events . The pre-1950 events are considered official LPGA wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50aabb20ae347eb0582a6407e734f222", "text": "GolfSixes The GolfSixes was a new professional golf tournament on the European Tour , played at Centurion Club in St Albans , England . The inaugural edition in May 2017 featured a 32-player field consisting of 16 teams of two , each representing a nation , competing for a $ 1 million purse . The first day 's play on Saturday saw the teams split into four groups of four before the top two teams from each group progress to the knockout stages -- the quarterfinals , the semifinals , a 3rd/4th place playoff match and the final -- all of which were contested on Sunday . Each match were played over six holes . In the group stages , three points were given for winning a match with one point given for a draw while the matches themselves were played in a greensomes match play format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5487a961792a45b8a234080e1cd49f7", "text": "Stephen Gallacher Stephen James Gallacher ( born 1 November 1974 ) is a Scottish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour . Gallacher was born in Dechmont , West Lothian and is the nephew of former European Ryder Cup captain Bernard Gallacher and cousin of Sky Sports news presenter Kirsty Gallacher . He played in a victorious Walker Cup side in 1995 and turned professional later that year . Gallacher first played on the European Tour in 1996 , but struggled to begin with . In 2000 , however , he reached the top hundred on the Order of Merit for the first time , placing 56th . In 2004 he recorded his first win on the tour at the Dunhill Links Championship , which is one of the richest golf tournaments in Europe , and finished the year ranked 15th on the Order of Merit . In February 2013 , Gallacher ended a 201-tournament wait for his second victory on the European Tour , when he won the Omega Dubai Desert Classic by three strokes . He held the lead going into the final round after he shot his best career round of 62 on the European Tour in the third round . Despite two bogeys in his first two holes , Gallacher clinched victory with an eagle on the 16th hole . The win moved Gallacher back into the world 's top 100 . The following year , Gallacher defended his title with a one stroke victory at the 2014 Omega Dubai Desert Classic for his third European Tour victory . He is the first golfer to ever successfully defend the title . Gallacher was picked as one of the three wild-cards by Paul McGinley for the 2014 Ryder Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00f3fd67ca4114280f1b10ee33d413c1", "text": "Northern Texas PGA Championship The Northern Texas PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the Northern Texas section of the PGA of America . Benny Passons , club pro playing out of Creekview Golf Club in Texas , holds the record for most victories with six . No PGA Tour winners have also won Northern Texas PGA Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cec1f5fab3c70a44b4a3f35f51e9f7a", "text": "1963 PGA Championship The 1963 PGA Championship was the 45th PGA Championship , played July 18 -- 21 at the Blue Course of Dallas Athletic Club in Dallas , Texas . Jack Nicklaus won the first of his five PGA Championship titles , two strokes ahead of runner-up Dave Ragan . It was the second major win of the year for Nicklaus , and the third of his eighteen major titles . Nicklaus entered the final round in third place , three shots behind 54-hole leader Bruce Crampton . Nicklaus shot a three-under 68 while Crampton fell back to third with 74 ( +3 ) in the Texas heat , with temperatures over 100 F . At the trophy presentation , Nicklaus grasped the very hot Wanamaker Trophy with the aid of a towel . The temperature in downtown Dallas on Sunday reached a high of 110 F. With the victory , Nicklaus at age 23 joined Gene Sarazen , Byron Nelson , and Ben Hogan as the only winners of all three American majors : the Masters , U.S. Open and PGA Championship . Nicklaus completed the first of his three career grand slams three years later at Muirfield in 1966 . The Open Championship was played the previous week in northeast England at Lytham St Annes , one of five times in the 1960s that these two majors were played in consecutive weeks in July . The PGA Championship moved permanently to August in 1969 ( except 1971 , when it was played in late February ) . After cool temperatures in Britain , the oppressive July heat in Dallas was difficult for many to adjust to . Nicklaus bogeyed the last two holes to finish a stroke out of the playoff . Nicklaus won the Masters in April , marking only the third time that the Masters champion won the PGA Championship in the same calendar year . He was preceded by Sam Snead in 1949 and Jack Burke , Jr. in 1956 . Through 2016 , it has been accomplished only four times , twice by Nicklaus , and most recently in 1975 . On Wednesday , Nicklaus set a record in the long drive contest at over 341 yd ; breaking the record set in 1952 by 12 yd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170e92a861b090e6687e3f9d4a4e81d4", "text": "Philadelphia Open Championship The Philadelphia Open Championship is an annual golf tournament played in the Philadelphia , Pennsylvania area . It is organized by the Golf Association of Philadelphia . It has been played annually since 1903 ( except for war years ) at member clubs in Pennsylvania , New Jersey , and Delaware . It was considered a PGA Tour event for most of the period 1916 to 1937 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04d78064db1cda24baeb2b212ecd28dc", "text": "1980 Masters Tournament The 1980 Masters Tournament was the 44th Masters Tournament , held April 10 -- 13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Seve Ballesteros , age 23 , won his first Masters and second major championship title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Newton and Gibby Gilbert . Ballesteros had a seven stroke lead after 54 holes and extended it to ten strokes after the front nine of the final round at 16-under-par , eyeing the Masters record of 271 ( − 17 ) set by Jack Nicklaus in 1965 ( and equaled by Raymond Floyd in 1976 ) . A new record ( of 270 or lower ) was to be rewarded with a $ 50,000 bonus from Golf magazine . An hour later , after he found the water at 12 and 13 at Amen Corner , the lead had been reduced to three . Ballesteros regrouped with a birdie at 15 and parred the rest to shoot even-par 72 for the round and held on for the victory . Well back in the field on Sunday , Nicklaus , age 40 , was paired with Arnold Palmer , age 50 , which drew large galleries . Palmer shot 69 to finish at even par and T24 , Nicklaus had 73 to finish at 291 ( +3 ) and T33 . It was their first pairing at Augusta in five years and the first time Palmer had finished higher than Nicklaus there since 1967 . Nicklaus regrouped and won two majors in 1980 , the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship and was the runner-up the following April . Ballesteros , of Spain , was the first winner of the Masters from Europe , and won a second green jacket in 1983 . This was the final Masters with Bermuda and ryegrass greens , which were replaced with bentgrass following this tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f2cfd7a771495ee858f9b1510df6736", "text": "1995 Masters Tournament The 1995 Masters Tournament was the 59th Masters Tournament , held April 6 -- 9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Ben Crenshaw won his second Masters championship , one stroke ahead of runner-up Davis Love III . It was an emotional victory for Crenshaw as it came just days after the death of his mentor , Harvey Penick . Crenshaw and Tom Kite attended the funeral in Texas on Wednesday and did not return to Augusta until that night , on the eve of the first round . The 1995 Masters marked the first major championship for Tiger Woods , who qualified as the 1994 U.S. Amateur champion . A 19-year-old college freshman at Stanford , he tied for 41st place and was the leading amateur , the only one to make the cut . Woods ' average driving distance was the longest in the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc7fdc85ce252a8c081df2e4688c48c", "text": "1994 Players Championship The 1994 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour , held at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach , southeast of Jacksonville . It was the 21st Players Championship . Greg Norman set the scoring record of 264 ( − 24 ) at the Stadium Course and finished four strokes ahead of runner-up Fuzzy Zoeller . Norman opened with 63 and followed with three rounds at 67 to set the 36-hole ( 130 ) and 54-hole ( 197 ) scoring records as well . Nick Price had set the mark the previous year at 270 ( − 18 ) , three better than Mark McCumber 's 273 in 1988 ( equaled by Davis Love III in 1992 ) . Defending champion Nick Price missed the 36-hole cut by five strokes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d59c1a19451448ec882f3e1827d11ce8", "text": "Len Mattiace Leonard Earl `` Len '' Mattiace ( born October 15 , 1967 ) is an American professional golfer on the PGA Tour . Mattiace was born in Mineola , New York . He attended Nease High School in Ponte Vedra , Florida . He graduated from Wake Forest University in 1990 with a degree in Sociology . While at Wake Forest , he played on the team that won the NCAA Division I Golf Championship in 1986 . He turned pro later in 1990 . Mattiace first gained notoriety when he surged into contention in the final round of the 1998 Players Championship . Trailing by one shot going into the par-3 17th hole , he hit his tee shot into the water , his third shot into a bunker , and his fourth shot into the water . He ended up with a quintuple-bogey 8 on the hole and finished in a tie for fifth , four strokes behind the eventual winner Justin Leonard . Mattiace 's career year was 2002 , when he earned wins at the Nissan Open and the FedEx St. Jude Classic . In 2003 , he contended for the The Masters Trophy by shooting a 65 in the final round which put him into a playoff with Mike Weir . On that first playoff hole , Mattiace found himself stymied by trees when his approach drifted offline . Weir needed only a bogey to secure the victory and Mattiace finished second , earning $ 648,000 in prize money . Shortly after the 2003 season , Mattiace 's career was threatened by a skiing accident and torn ACLs in both knees . Mattiace has been ranked in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Rankings , but has not been fully exempt on the PGA Tour since 2005 . Mattiace splits his time between the PGA Tour ( where he relies on past champion status for entries ) and Web.com Tour . He currently resides in Jacksonville , Florida . Mattiace is naturally left-handed but plays right-handed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915449f4c47f3054a567445542fe8a15", "text": "1964 PGA Championship The 1964 PGA Championship was the 46th PGA Championship , played July 16 -- 19 at Columbus Country Club in Columbus , Ohio . Bobby Nichols won his only major title , three strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer . Nichols led wire-to-wire after a first round 64 in the hometown of Nicklaus , who shot a 64 in the final round to gain his third runner-up finish in majors in 1964 . Ben Hogan , age 51 , competed at the PGA Championship for the first time since 1960 . Tied for fifth place after a third round 68 , he finished tied for ninth for his penultimate top ten in a major . His final top ten came at the 1967 Masters . Nichols ' winning score of 271 was the lowest to date at the PGA Championship , the seventh as a 72-hole stroke play championship . It stood as the record for thirty years , until Nick Price 's 269 in 1994 . The British Open was played the previous week in St Andrews , Scotland , one of five times in the 1960s that these two majors were played in consecutive weeks in July . The PGA Championship moved permanently to August in 1969 ( except 1971 , when it was played in late February ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e7406f9279dd1f441c1fbfbc68668a5", "text": "Samsung World Championship The Samsung World Championship was an annual golf tournament played between 1980 and 2009 , for professional female golfers on the LPGA Tour . It was a limited field event , open by invitation only . The tournament was founded in 1980 by Mark McCormack , founder of the sports management firm IMG , originally with the world 's top-12 LPGA players . The field was increased to 16 players in 1996 and to 20 in 1999 . Electronics manufacturer Samsung became the title sponsor in 1995 . Tournament names through the years : 1980 : World Series of Women 's Golf 1981 : World Championship of Women 's Golf 1982-1984 : Chevrolet World Championship of Women 's Golf 1985 : Nestle World Championship of Women 's Golf 1986-1989 : Nestle World Championship 1990 : Trophee Urban-World Championship 1991 : Daikyo World Championship 1992 : no tournament 1993-1994 : World Championship of Women 's Golf 1995-1999 : Samsung World Championship of Women 's Golf 2000-2009 : Samsung World Championship", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b490b668cb1c5474c805d56cffcc2ec1", "text": "1976 Open Championship The 1976 Open Championship was the 105th Open Championship , played 7 -- 10 July at Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport , England . Johnny Miller won his only Open championship , six strokes ahead of runners-up Seve Ballesteros and Jack Nicklaus . It was Miller 's second and last major championship title ; his first was the U.S. Open in 1973 . Ballesteros , age 19 , was the 54-hole leader at 211 ( − 5 ) , two strokes ahead of Miller . In the final round , he was seven over par after twelve holes , which included a triple-bogey at the eleventh . Ballesteros rallied on the final six holes , with three birdies and an eagle , to tie Nicklaus for second place . Defending champion Tom Watson carded an 80 ( +8 ) in the third round for 227 ( +11 ) and missed the second cut by a stroke . U.S. Open champion Jerry Pate was level par after two rounds , but also missed the second cut with an 87 for 231 . Masters winner Raymond Floyd finished in fourth at 286 ( − 2 ) , a stroke behind Ballesteros and Nicklaus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7f28d73de0d54669e37d78c5acd52cf", "text": "1987 PGA Championship The 1987 PGA Championship was the 69th PGA Championship , held August 6 -- 9 at the Champion Course of PGA National Golf Club in Palm Beach Gardens , Florida . In hot and windy conditions , Larry Nelson won his second PGA Championship in a sudden-death playoff over 1977 champion Lanny Wadkins . It was Nelson 's third and final major title . D.A. Weibring , a 54-hole co-leader , shot 76 ( +4 ) and finished a stroke back at even-par 288 . The other co-leader , Mark McCumber , posted 77 and finished in a tie for fifth . Two major champions in contention shot high scores and fell back : Seve Ballesteros ( 78 ) and Raymond Floyd ( 80 ) . In the August heat of Florida , the attendance was low . A record high temperature for the day of 97 F was recorded on Sunday . It was the second major played in Florida , following the PGA Championship in 1971 , played in February at the old PGA National . Through 2016 , this is the last major played in the state . The purse was the last under $ 1 million at the PGA Championship . With the win , Nelson gained an automatic bid to the Ryder Cup team in 1987 , his third , bumping Don Pooley . Nelson 's record in that competition in late September was 0 -- 3 -- 1 , as the U.S. lost the Cup for the first time on home soil . He lost all three pairs matches and halved his singles match . The Champion Course hosted the Ryder Cup in 1983 and the Senior PGA Championship for 19 years ( 1982 -- 2000 ) . Since 2007 , it has been the venue of The Honda Classic on the PGA Tour , played in March .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e8b5b247e77d1092f254fa65780408", "text": "1983 Masters Tournament The 1983 Masters Tournament was the 47th Masters Tournament , held April 7 -- 11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Seve Ballesteros won his second Masters and third major title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Ben Crenshaw and Tom Kite . Play on Friday was postponed due to heavy rain , and the final round was completed on Monday for the first time since 1973 . Defending champion Craig Stadler was tied for the 54-hole lead with 1976 champion Raymond Floyd , with Ballesteros one stroke back , and two-time champion Tom Watson an additional stroke behind . Ballesteros got off to a fast start in the final round on Monday with a birdie-eagle start . With another birdie at the difficult par-3 fourth , he added four pars and another birdie at the ninth for a five-under 31 on the front nine . Ballesteros cruised to a 69 ( − 3 ) and a comfortable win as neither Stadler , Floyd , nor Watson broke par . During the postponement of Friday 's round , the possibility was raised that the tournament would not complete the entire 72 holes , as the southeastern U.S. was experiencing heavy rains and flooding and forecasts were not favorable . Saturday 's second round went off from split tees ( 1st and 10th ) and six players did not complete their rounds until early Sunday morning . With this extension , the tournament committee did not attempt to complete the final two rounds on Sunday , opting for the third round only on Sunday and the fourth on Monday . Four-time champion Arnold Palmer , 53 , opened with a 68 on Thursday and made the cut at the Masters for the final time . In his 29th Masters , he stated that the conditions on Saturday were the worst he had ever seen at Augusta . Five-time winner Jack Nicklaus , 43 , withdrew before his second round start time due to back spasms experienced while warming up Saturday morning . It was only his second withdrawal as a pro , the first was three years earlier at the 1980 World Series of Golf . Nicklaus had missed only one cut in the previous 23 Masters and made ten consecutive after this year , including his record sixth green jacket in 1986 . It was the final major championship for Sam Snead , 70 , a three-time Masters champion . He withdrew after a first round 79 as he assessed he could not make the cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a4b7e5fb62028dbbf3fd57e8c6574f9", "text": "1922 PGA Championship The 1922 PGA Championship was the fifth PGA Championship , held August 14 -- 18 at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont , Pennsylvania , a suburb northeast of Pittsburgh . The match play field of 64 competitors qualified by sectional tournaments . This was the first PGA Championship with a field of 64 in the bracket ; the previous four had fields of 32 players . In the Friday final , Gene Sarazen defeated Emmet French , 4 & 3 . Sarazen , age 20 , also won the U.S. Open a month earlier near Chicago . Defending champion Walter Hagen did not enter this year due to exhibition engagements ; the two champions met the following year in the finals , won by Sarazen . This was the first of eleven major championships at Oakmont ; three PGA Championships and eight U.S. Opens through 2013 . It has hosted the U.S. Amateur five times and the U.S. Women 's Open twice . The PGA Championship returned in 1951 and 1978 . Sarazen was the first of four players in history to win the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship in the same calendar year . He was followed by Ben Hogan in 1948 and Jack Nicklaus in 1980 . Through 2012 , Tiger Woods is the last to win both , in 2000 , part of his Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca43bc4366e790768e296584b0ce06d", "text": "BMW PGA Championship The BMW PGA Championship , as it is currently known for sponsorship reasons , is an annual men 's professional golf tournament on the European Tour . It was founded in 1955 by the Professional Golfers ' Association , and as such was originally called the British PGA Championship . Since then it has had several sponsored names , but the phrase `` PGA Championship '' has usually been included in the name . The BMW PGA Championship is played each May over the West Course at the Wentworth Club in Surrey , England . The PGA European Tour has its headquarters at the club and as the tour 's home tournament , the BMW PGA Championship is often regarded as the flagship event on the European Tour . It has usually had the highest prize money of any event which the tour organises , but this changed in 2009 with the introduction of the Race to Dubai , and the $ 10 million Dubai World Championship at the end of the season . There are other more lucrative events than the BMW PGA Championship which are part of the European Tour schedule , such as the majors and the World Golf Championship events , but these are organised by other bodies . It is also the European Tour 's designated `` Premier event '' for the purposes of the Official World Golf Rankings , with a minimum of 64 ranking points available to the winner . The winner of the tournament is given an exemption into that season 's U.S. Open and the next three Open Championships . In 2000 , Colin Montgomerie became the only player to win three years in a row .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f5eb94dea6cf21695b9cdb4f477a1f2", "text": "2005 Masters Tournament The 2005 Masters Tournament was the 69th Masters Tournament , played from April 7 -- 10 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Tiger Woods , 29 , won his fourth green jacket on the first hole of a playoff with Chris DiMarco . Rain was a factor the whole week , and delayed much of the play . The purse was $ 7.0 million with a winner 's share of $ 1.26 million . It was the ninth of Woods ' fourteen major championships . This Masters was the last as competitors for three former champions : Tommy Aaron ( 1973 ) , Billy Casper ( 1970 ) , and six-time winner Jack Nicklaus . Ryan Moore was low amateur at 287 ( − 1 ) , the best score by an amateur since 1978 , and earned an exemption to the 2006 tournament . Jerry Pate , a non-playing invitee , won the 46th Par-3 contest on Wednesday with a five-under 22 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "838e416d9da9eef893a6862806f7446e", "text": "Extreme environment An extreme environment contains conditions that are hard to survive for most known life forms . These conditions may be extremely high or low temperature or pressure ; high or low content of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ; high levels of radiation , acidity , or alkalinity ; absence of water ; water containing a high concentration of salt or sugar ; presence of sulphur , petroleum , and other toxic substances . Examples of extreme environments include the geographical poles , very dry deserts , volcanoes , deep ocean trenches , upper atmosphere , Mt Everest , outer space , and the environments of every planet in the Solar System except the Earth . Any organisms living in these conditions are often very well adapted to their living circumstances , which is usually a result of long-term evolution . Physiologists have long known that organisms living in extreme environments are especially likely to exhibit clear examples of evolutionary adaptation because of the presumably intense past natural selection they have experienced .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1b732bd020a31d85d3432720cb93f645", "text": "Eco-sufficiency Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption ( = decoupling/delinking ) . Given a very loose relation in rich countries between material wealth , GDP and human well-being , this might be possible even without reducing the latter , while , for example , increasing leisure and non-material activities for well-being . There are potentials to reduce substantially the use of natural resources without compromising human wealth . However , many studies show that economic growth `` eats up '' these gains at least partially : if the economy grows by 2 % per annum we need an increasing resource productivity by 4 % in order to achieve a 2 % reduction of the absolute resource use . While eco-efficiency aims to improve the effectiveness of material , energy , and land use , eco-sufficiency aims at reducing negative environmental consequences through a reduction of the demand for consumer goods . Eco-sufficiency is closely related to issues of quality of life and work-life balance . It can to some extent be achieved on the individual level , e.g. through energy savings , reduction of transport and change in diets ( less meat ) . However , it also requires a change in social frameworks , provided on the national or European level , including measures such as environmental taxes , environmental planning and new concepts of labour . Eco-sufficiency is largely associated with the idea of altruism -- the sober lifestyle adopted by its advocates is a manifestation of their concern for the well-being of future generations -- and thus to date is endorsed by only a small minority of members of industrialised societies . A wide spread of eco-sufficiency will only occur , if people find the new lifestyles sufficiently attractive . It needs to be shown that less material wealth can bring increased well-being or happiness to individuals and societies . For example , it has been shown that downsizing or relocating consumers can be motivated by purely selfish reasons such as improving one 's health , avoiding stress , the nostalgia for a `` good old time '' and so on . An important aspect here is related to the so-called work-and-spend cycle . If leisure and forms of work other than employment ( incl . self-employment ) , such as caring , do it yourself and community work gain relevance , income - and therefore consumption - would be reduced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4118e5e9a30d1b8d2c5155a7154f21a", "text": "Saharan Air Layer The Saharan Air Layer ( SAL ) is an extremely hot , dry and sometimes dust-laden layer of the atmosphere that often overlies the cooler , more-humid surface air of the Atlantic Ocean . In the Sahara Desert region of North Africa , where it originates , it is the prevalent atmosphere , extending from the surface upwards several kilometers . As it drives , or is driven , out over the ocean , it is lifted above the denser marine air . This arrangement is an inversion where the temperature increases with height . The boundary between the SAL and the marine layer suppresses or `` caps '' any convection originating in the marine layer . Since it is dry air , the lapse rate within the SAL itself is steep , that is , the temperature falls rapidly with height . Disturbances such as large thunderstorm complexes over North Africa periodically result in vast dust and sand storms , some of which extend as high as 6,000 meters . These can be driven out to sea within the SAL as far west as North America . In the case of Africa , winds blow twenty percent of dust from a Saharan storm out over the Atlantic Ocean , and twenty percent of that , or four percent of a single storm 's dust , reaches all the way to the western Atlantic . The remainder settles out into the ocean or washes out of the air with rainfall . Scientists think that the July 2000 measurements made in Puerto Rico , nearly 8 million tonnes , equaled about one-fifth of the total year 's dust deposits . The SAL passes over the Canary Islands where the phenomenon is named `` Calima '' and manifests as a fog that reduces visibility and deposits a layer of dust over everything . These clouds of dust are visible in satellite photos as a milky white to gray shade , similar to haze . Findings to date indicate that the iron-rich dust particles that often occur within the SAL reflect solar radiation , thus cooling the atmosphere . The particles also reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the ocean , thus reducing the amount of heating of the ocean . They also tend to increase condensation as they drift into the marine layer below , but not precipitation as the drops formed are too small to fall and tend not to readily coelesce . These tiny drops are subsequently more easily evaporated as they move into drier air laterally or dry air mixes down from the SAL aloft . Research on aerosols also shows that the presence of small particles in air tends to suppress winds . The SAL has also been observed to suppress the development and intensifying of tropical cyclones , which may be related directly to these factors . The SAL is a subject of ongoing study and research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32cb1b6df157c9a6f0d78d0d79aea448", "text": "Energy Release Component The energy release component ( ERC ) is a number related to the available energy ( BTU ) per unit area ( square foot ) within the flaming front at the head of a fire . Daily variations in ERC are due to changes in moisture content of the various fuels present , both live and dead . Since this number represents the potential `` heat release '' per unit area in the flaming zone , it can provide guidance to several important fire activities . It may also be considered a composite fuel moisture value as it reflects the contribution that all live and dead fuels have to potential fire intensity . The ERC is a cumulative or `` build-up '' type of index . As live fuels cure and dead fuels dry , the ERC values get higher , thus providing a good reflection of drought conditions . The scale is open-ended or unlimited and , as with other NFDRS components , is relative . Conditions producing an ERC value of 24 represent a potential heat release twice that of conditions resulting in an ERC value of 12 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1128e48f313d5c534568124f57fbd6f6", "text": "Environmental impacts of tourism in the Caribbean The economy in the Caribbean region is highly dependent on its tourism industry ; in 2013 , this industry constituted 14 % of their total GDP . This region is largely appealing for the sun , sand , and sea scene . Despite the fact that tourism is very reliant on the natural environment of the region , it has negative environmental impacts . These impacts include marine pollution and degradation , as well as a high demand of water and energy resources . In particular , the degradation of coral reefs has a large impact on the environment of the Caribbean . Environmental damage affects the tourism industry ; therefore , the tourism sector , along with the public sector , makes efforts to protect the environment for economic and ethical reasons . Although these efforts are not always effective , there are continuous efforts for improvement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f3f6f0f1a0fbcca719263aa384e65ba", "text": "Climate inertia Climate inertia describes the widespread inherent characteristic of the climate , ecological , and socio-economic systems . Inertia from anthropogenic impacts may be slow to become apparent , or could be irreversible if climate change crosses associated thresholds . Melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica take time to respond to the emissions of fossil fuel carbon in the climate system . The global warming also causes thermal inertia , thermal expansion of the oceans , which contributes to sea level rise . It has been estimated that we are already committed to a sea-level rise of approximately 2.3 meters for each degree of temperature rise within the next 2,000 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4cb6b71a86807db4090cdd317f2717c", "text": "Meteorological disasters Meteorological disasters are caused by extreme weather , e.g. rain , drought , snow , extreme heat or cold , ice , or wind . Violent , sudden and destructive change to the environment related to , produced by , or affecting the earth 's atmosphere , especially the weather-forming processes . Examples of weather disasters include blizzard , cyclones , droughts , hailstorms , heat waves , hurricanes , floods ( caused by rain ) , and tornadoes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bdcf479cbf0483b84680e953ad8019a", "text": "Danger zone (food safety) The temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone . Food safety agencies , such as the United States ' Food Safety and Inspection Service ( FSIS ) , define the danger zone as roughly 4 to . The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness ( for example , a refrigerator 's temperature must be kept below 40 F ) , and that food that remains in this zone for more than two hours should not be consumed . Foodborne microorganisms grow much faster in the middle of the zone , at temperatures between 21 and . Food-borne bacteria , in large enough numbers , may cause food poisoning , symptoms similar to gastroenteritis or `` stomach flu '' ( a misnomer , as true influenza primarily affects the respiratory system ) . Some of the symptoms include stomach cramps , nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , and fever . Food-borne illness becomes more dangerous in certain populations , such as people with weakened immune systems , young children , the elderly , and pregnant women . In Canada , there are approximately 11 million cases of food-borne disease per year . These symptoms can begin as early as shortly after and as late as weeks after consumption of the contaminated food . Time and temperature control plays a critical role in food safety . To prevent time-temperature abuse , the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized . A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature : a significantly large number of cells may survive slightly lower temperatures . In addition to reducing the time spent in the danger zone , foods should be moved through the danger zone as few times as possible when reheating or cooling . Foods that are potentially hazardous inside the danger zone : Meat : beef , poultry , pork , seafood Eggs and other protein-rich foods Dairy products Cut or peeled fresh produce Cooked vegetables , beans , rice , pasta Sauces , such as gravy Sprouts Any foods containing the above , e.g. casseroles , salads , quiches", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20bbada588f2df16e0c457f397676cb3", "text": "Habitat A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal , plant , or other type of organism . The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food , shelter , protection and mates for reproduction . It is the natural environment in which an organism lives , or the physical environment that surrounds a species population . A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil , moisture , range of temperature , and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators . Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive , but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements . A habitat is not necessarily a geographical area , it can be the interior of a stem , a rotten log , a rock or a clump of moss , and for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host , part of the host 's body such as the digestive tract , or a single cell within the host 's body . Habitat types include polar , temperate , subtropical and tropical . The terrestrial vegetation type may be forest , steppe , grassland , semi-arid or desert . Fresh water habitats include marshes , streams , rivers , lakes , ponds and estuaries , and marine habitats include salt marshes , the coast , the intertidal zone , reefs , bays , the open sea , the sea bed , deep water and submarine vents . Habitats change over time . This may be due to a violent event such as the eruption of a volcano , an earthquake , a tsunami , a wildfire or a change in oceanic currents ; or the change may be more gradual over millennia with alterations in the climate , as ice sheets and glaciers advance and retreat , and as different weather patterns bring changes of precipitation and solar radiation . Other changes come as a direct result of human activities ; deforestation , the ploughing of ancient grasslands , the diversion and damming of rivers , the draining of marshland and the dredging of the seabed . The introduction of alien species can have a devastating effect on native wildlife , through increased predation , through competition for resources or through the introduction of pests and diseases to which the native species have no immunity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a12fa1b3a762311696851e883ba114", "text": "Tropospheric ozone Ozone ( O3 ) is a constituent of the troposphere ( it is also an important constituent of some regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the ozone layer ) . The troposphere extends from the Earth 's surface to between 12 and 20 kilometers above sea level and consists of many layers . Ozone is more concentrated above the mixing layer , or ground layer . Ground-level ozone , though less concentrated than ozone aloft , is more of a problem because of its health effects . Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night . At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities ( largely incomplete combustion of fossil fuels , such as gasoline , diesel , etc. ) , it is a pollutant , and a constituent of smog . Many highly energetic reactions produce it , ranging from combustion to photocopying . Often laser printers will have a smell of ozone , which in high concentrations is toxic . Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent readily reacting with other chemical compounds to make many possibly toxic oxides . Tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse gas and initiates the chemical removal of methane and other hydrocarbons from the atmosphere . Thus , its concentration affects how long these compounds remain in the air .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f12c6bab5904578872ffc015e7a3d9", "text": "Modern Mars habitability One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is , or ever has been life on Mars . Mars probably had oceans in the past , and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere . Modern Mars has become cold , dry , and almost uninhabitable , yet , if life did ever arise on Mars , some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present . The only missions to search for life on Mars , the two Viking missions , returned results that were inconclusive . However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars , which may have confused the results of the experiments . Also , they did n't know enough about Mars at that time to target the regions we now think are most likely to have present day life . Life would meet many challenges on present day Mars . Liquid water boils at 0 ° C , over much of its surface . Even at the depths of the Hellas basin , any water is close to its boiling point of 10 ° C and will dry out quickly . Ice also evaporates into the atmosphere over geological timescales - and most of the equatorial regions are thought to be dry to depths of tens of meters . As its axial tilt varies , Mars atmosphere is sometimes thicker , and liquid water may then form on the surface - but any dormant life in the top few meters of soil would be destroyed over periods of millions of years by cosmic radiation . However , in 2008 , droplets were observed on the landing legs of Phoenix . Sadly , there was no way to analyse them , but the leading hypothesis is that they were droplets of salty water . Phoenix also made isotopic measurements which show that the Mars atmosphere has exchanged oxygen molecules with liquid on the surface in the recent geological past . This could indicate either recent episodic occurrences of liquid water ( for instance after a meteorite strike ) or water present every year , in contact with the atmosphere . We now know of many seasonal changes in the surface of Mars which are only visible in high resolution photographs . Most of these are now thought to be caused by dry ice or wind effects . However , the `` Recurrent slope lineae '' , and some of the `` flow like features '' form in conditions that suggest the occasional presence of small quantities of water on Mars . The evidence of flowing brines in the RSLs is strong , though it 's not known if they are habitable . Curiosity has also found indirect evidence of a brine layer 15 cm below the sands that it drives over , though most scientists think that this layer is not habitable for Earth life . Recent Mars surface simulations by Nilton Renno and his team have shown that small droplets of water can form on salt / ice interfaces for a few hours per day almost anywhere on the surface of Mars , and this may explain the Phoenix leg droplets observations . In a separate development , research by the German aerospace company DLR in Mars simulation chambers and on the ISS show that some Earth life can survive simulated Mars surface conditions without any water at all , and photosynthesize and metabolize , slowly . It can do this using the high relative humidity of the Mars atmosphere at night . All of this work was done after the Phoenix discoveries in 2008 . Other potential habitats include lakes formed in the higher latitudes after cometary or meteorite impacts , or as a result of volcanism . Covered by ice , these may remain liquid for centuries , or up to a few thousand years for the largest impacts . The planet may also have underground trapped layers of water heated by geothermal hotspots . Also there are suggestions that Mars may have a deep hydrosphere , a liquid layer below its cryosphere , a few kilometers below the surface . Deep rock habitats on Earth are inhabited by life so if this layer exists , it may also be habitable on Mars . The main questions are Do these potential habitats exist ? Are they habitable ? For instance , liquid water , if present , could be too cold , or too salty for Earth life Are they in fact inhabited by any forms of life ? As Mars is so inhospitable , life might not be able to spread to new habitats easily . So there might be life in some of the habitats and not in others . Or life on Mars may have gone extinct , or never evolved at all , in which case none of the habitats would be inhabited . These discoveries have renewed interest in this topic , with many astrobiologists saying that they think present day Mars may be more habitable than previously thought . The first conference on the Present Day Habitability of Mars was held in 2013 in UCLA . The 2017 conference session on Modern Mars Habitability will run from April 24 -- 28 in Mesa , Arizona", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9b60411f0c1792d2efd4f2417f0a301", "text": "Impacts of ocean acidification on the Great Barrier Reef Ocean acidification threatens the Great Barrier Reef by reducing the viability and strength of coral reefs . The Great Barrier Reef , considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world and a biodiversity hotspot , is located in Australia . Similar to other coral reefs , it is experiencing degradation due to ocean acidification . Ocean acidification results from a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide , which is taken up by the ocean . This process can increase sea surface temperature , decrease aragonite , and lower the pH of the ocean . Calcifying organisms are under risk , due to the resulting lack of aragonite in the water and the decreasing pH. This decreased health of coral reefs , particularly the Great Barrier Reef , can result in reduced biodiversity . Organisms can become stressed due to ocean acidification and the disappearance of healthy coral reefs , such as the Great Barrier Reef , is a loss of habitat for several taxa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee9c1d95fed4fe5b3f2e90037c0bc97", "text": "Snowpack Snowpack forms from layers of snow that accumulate in geographic regions and high altitudes where the climate includes cold weather for extended periods during the year . Snowpacks are an important water resource that feed streams and rivers as they melt . Therefore , snowpacks are both the drinking water source for many communities and a potential source of flooding ( in case of sudden melting ) . Snowpacks also contribute mass to glaciers in their accumulation zone . Assessing the formation and stability of snowpacks is important in the study and prediction of avalanches . Scientists study the physical properties of snow under different conditions and their evolution , and more specifically snow metamorphism , snow hydrology ( that is , the contribution of snow melt to catchment hydrology ) , the evolution of snow cover with climate change and its effect on the ice-albedo feedback and hydrology . Snow is also studied in a more global context of impact on animal habitats and plant succession . An important effort is put into snow classification , both as an hydrometeor and on the ground .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9eef9edc6e39b31a3b93dd0ade23757", "text": "Paleoflooding The phenomenon of paleoflooding is apparent in the geologic record over various spatial and temporal scales . It often occurred on a large scale , and was the result of either glacial ice melt causing large outbursts of freshwater , or high sea levels breaching bodies of freshwater . If a freshwater outflow event was large enough that the water reached the ocean system , it caused changes in salinity that potentially affected ocean circulation and global climate . Freshwater flows could also accumulate to form continental glacial lakes , and this is another indicator of large-scale flooding . In contrast , periods of high global sea level ( often during interglacials ) could cause marine water to breach natural dams and flow into bodies of freshwater . Changes in salinity of freshwater and marine bodies can be detected from the analysis of organisms that inhabited those bodies at a given time , as certain organisms are more suited to live in either fresh or saline conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07877af69c0d50e14f25743012a46e28", "text": "Floods in India Flooding occurs when extreme volume of water is dried by rivers , creeks and many other geographical features into areas where the water can not be drained adequately . Often during times of heavy rainfall , drainage systems in residential areas are not adequate , or unchecked civil development severely impedes the functionality of an otherwise acceptable drainage system . Floods cause extremely large numbers of fatalities in every country , but due to India 's extremely high population density and often under-enforced development standards , large amount of damages and many deaths which could be otherwise avoided , are allowed to happen . India witnesses flood due to excessive rain which then results in overflow of rivers , lakes and dams , which adds to cause large amounts of damage to people 's lives and property . In the past , India has witnessed many of the largest , most catastrophic floods , causing irreparable damage to people 's livelihood , property , and crucial infrastructure . This is a list of notable recorded floods that have occurred in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8fac626c77fa67673910c1ca18bf75a", "text": "Environmental science Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical , biological and information sciences ( including ecology , biology , physics , chemistry , zoology , mineralogy , oceanology , limnology , soil science , geology , atmospheric science , and geodesy ) to the study of the environment , and the solution of environmental problems . Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment . Today it provides an integrated , quantitative , and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems . Related areas of study include environmental studies and environmental engineering . Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships , perceptions and policies towards the environment . Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect . Environmental scientists work on subjects like the understanding of earth processes , evaluating alternative energy systems , pollution control and mitigation , natural resource management , and the effects of global climate change . Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical , chemical , and biological processes . Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems . Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space , and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis . Environmental science came alive as a substantive , active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by ( a ) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems , ( b ) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and ( c ) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems . Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson 's landmark environmental book Silent Spring along with major environmental issues becoming very public , such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill , and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland , Ohio , `` catching fire '' ( also in 1969 ) , and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9bde1fc0c87d22870a442a65b16c03", "text": "Oceanic plateau An oceanic or submarine plateau is a large , relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides . There are 184 oceanic plateaus covering an area of 18,486,600 km2 , or about 5.11 % of the oceans . The South Pacific region around Australia and New Zealand contains the greatest number of oceanic plateaus ( see map ) . Oceanic plateaus produced by large igneous provinces are often associated with hotspots , mantle plumes , and volcanic islands -- such as Iceland , Hawaii , Cape Verde , and Kerguelen . The three largest plateaus , the Caribbean , Ontong Java , and Mid-Pacific Mountains , are located on thermal swells . Other oceanic plateaus , however , are made of rifted continental crust , for example Falkland Plateau , Lord Howe Rise , and parts of Kerguelen , Seychelles , and Arctic ridges . Plateaus formed by large igneous provinces were formed by the equivalent of continental flood basalts such as the Deccan Traps in India and the Snake River Plain in the United States . In contrast to continental flood basalts , most igneous oceanic plateaus erupt through young and thin ( 6 - ) mafic or ultra-mafic crust and are therefore uncontaminated by felsic crust and representative for their mantle sources . These plateaus often rise 2 - above the surrounding ocean floor and are more buoyant than oceanic crust . They therefore tend to withstand subduction , more-so when thick and when reaching subduction zones shortly after their formations . As a consequence , they tend to `` dock '' to continental margins and be preserved as accreted terranes . Such terranes are often better preserved than the exposed parts of continental flood basalts and are therefore a better record of large-scale volcanic eruptions throughout Earth 's history . This `` docking '' also means that oceanic plateaus are important contributors to the growth of continental crust . Their formations often had a dramatic impact on global climate , such as the most recent plateaus formed , the three , large , Cretaceous oceanic plateaus in the Pacific and Indian Ocean : Ontong Java , Kerguelen , and Caribbean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38dd50fa05972f08d1565181cd23e60d", "text": "Flash flood A flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas : washes , rivers , dry lakes and basins . It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm , hurricane , tropical storm , or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields . Flash floods may occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam , or a human structure such as a man-made dam , as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889 . Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by a timescale of less than six hours . The water that is temporarily available is often used by foliage with rapid germination and short growth cycles , and by specially adapted animal life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4600a1a9fdcfdbc91baf82502092f15", "text": "Natural landscape A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture . `` The area prior to the introduction of man 's activity is represented by one body of morphologic facts . The forms that man has introduced are another set . We may call the former , with reference to man , the original , natural landscape . In its entirety it no longer exists in many parts of the world , but its reconstruction and understanding are the first part of formal morphonology . '' Carl O. Sauer , `` The Morphology of Landscape '' . University of California Publications in Geography , vol . 2 , No. 2 , 12 October 1925 , p. 37 . The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape . `` The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a culture group . Culture is the agent , the natural area is the medium , the cultural landscape the result . '' Carl O. Sauer , `` The Morphology of Landscape '' , p. 46 . However , in the twenty-first century landscapes that are totally untouched by human activity no longer exist , so that reference is sometimes now made to degrees of naturalness within a landscape.The European Environment Agency 's planned forest naturalness index is an example of an attempt to define one type of natural landscape in Europe . The Agency lists forests in three categories : ( 1 ) Plantations ; ( 2 ) Semi-natural ; and ( 3 ) Naturally dynamic . The latter are `` forests whose structure , composition and function have been shaped by natural dynamics without substantial anthropogenic influence over a long period of time '' . In Silent Spring ( 1962 ) Rachel Carson describes a roadside verge as it used to look : `` Along the roads , laurel , viburnum and alder , great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler 's eye through much of the year '' and then how it looks now following the use of herbicides : `` The roadsides , once so attractive , were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire '' . Even though the landscape before it is sprayed is biologically degraded , and may well contains alien species , the concept of what might constitute a natural landscape can still be deduced from the context . The phrase `` natural landscape '' was first used in connection with landscape painting , and landscape gardening , to contrast a formal style with a more natural one , closer to nature . Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 -- 1859 ) was to further conceptualize this into the idea of a natural landscape separate from the cultural landscape . Then in 1908 geographer Otto Schlüter developed the terms original landscape ( Urlandschaft ) and its opposite cultural landscape ( Kulturlandschaft ) in an attempt to give the science of geography a subject matter that was different from the other sciences . An early use of the actual phrase `` natural landscape '' by a geographer can be found in Carl O. Sauer 's paper `` The Morphology of Landscape '' ( 1925 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7810f21f142dbe00b4c3d03a76b48de", "text": "Extreme tourism Extreme tourism ( also often referred to as shock tourism , although both concepts do not appear strictly similar ) is a niche in the tourism industry involving travel to dangerous places ( mountains , jungles , deserts , caves , canyons , etc. ) or participation in dangerous events . Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport . The two share the main attraction , `` adrenaline rush '' caused by an element of risk , and differing mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism . While traditional tourism requires significant investments in hotels , roads , etc. , extreme tourism requires much less to jump-start a business . In addition to traditional travel-based tourism destinations , various exotic attractions are suggested , such as flyovers in MiGs at Mach 2.5 , ice diving in the White Sea , or travelling across the Chernobyl zone . Some of the Extreme tourism famous attractions in the world : Chernobyl Tours -- Ukraine . Swimming in the Devil 's Pool in Victoria Falls -- Zambia and Zimbabwe . Walking the Plank at Mount Hua -- China . Death Road Tour -- Bolivia . Green Zone -- Baghdad , Iraq . Sac Actun tours - Riviera Maya , Mexico Cave of Swallows - Mexico", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41d291ee9125897ff529f8c5c8b1453", "text": "Weatherization Weatherization ( American English ) or weatherproofing ( British English ) is the practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements , particularly from sunlight , precipitation , and wind , and of modifying a building to reduce energy consumption and optimize energy efficiency . Weatherization is distinct from building insulation , although building insulation requires weatherization for proper functioning . Many types of insulation can be thought of as weatherization , because they block drafts or protect from cold winds . Whereas insulation primarily reduces conductive heat flow , weatherization primarily reduces convective heat flow . In the United States , buildings use one third of all energy consumed and two thirds of all electricity . Due to the high energy usage , they are a major source of the pollution that causes urban air quality problems and pollutants that contribute to climate change . Building energy usage accounts for 49 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions , 25 percent of nitrous oxide emissions , and 10 percent of particulate emissions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e3cceb5afd34a78b01a82c306915849e", "text": "Jessica Lange Jessica Phyllis Lange ( -LSB- læŋ -RSB- born April 20 , 1949 ) is an American actress who has received worldwide acclaim for her work in film , theater , and television . The recipient of several awards , including two Academy Awards , one Tony Award , three Emmy Awards , five Golden Globe Awards , one Screen Actors Guild Award , and three Dorian Awards ; in 1998 , Entertainment Weekly listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s . In 2016 , Lange became the twenty-second thespian in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting . Lange was discovered by producer Dino De Laurentiis while modeling part-time for the Wilhelmina modelling agency . She made her professional film debut in his 1976 remake of the 1933 action-adventure classic King Kong , for which she won her first Golden Globe Award , for New Star of the Year . In 1982 , she became the first performer in 40 years to receive two Oscar nominations within the same year ; she won her second Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a soap opera star in Tootsie , and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the troubled actress Frances Farmer , in Frances . Lange received three more nominations before garnering a sixth Oscar nomination and winning , along with her third Golden Globe Award , the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as a manic depressive housewife in Blue Sky ( 1994 ) . In 1995 , Lange became the second actress in Oscar history , after Meryl Streep , to win Best Actress after winning Best Supporting Actress ; an achievement that was only repeated again after nearly 20 years by Cate Blanchett in 2014 . In 2010 , she won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis ' famed aunt , Big Edie , in HBO 's Grey Gardens ( 2009 ) . Between 2011 and 2014 , she won her first Screen Actors Guild Award , fifth Golden Globe Award , and second and third Emmy Awards for her performances in the first and third seasons of FX 's horror anthology series American Horror Story ( 2011 -- 2015 ) . In 2016 , Lange won her first Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play , an Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for her critically acclaimed performance in the Broadway revival of Long Day 's Journey into Night . During 2017 , Lange portrayed film legend Joan Crawford in the first season of the television series Feud , for which she received universal critical acclaim . In addition to acting , Lange is a photographer with three published works . She has also been a foster parent and currently holds a Goodwill Ambassador position for UNICEF , specializing in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Russia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3b33cf3bfdbde0c139ada1356c0c91b1", "text": "Sin City (film) Sin City ( also known as Frank Miller 's Sin City ) is a 2005 American neo-noir crime anthology film written , produced , and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez . It is based on Miller 's graphic novel of the same name . Much of the film is based on the first , third and fourth books in Miller 's original comic series . The Hard Goodbye is about a man who embarks on a brutal rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart 's killer , killing anyone , even the police , that gets in his way of finding and killing her murderer . The Big Fat Kill focuses on an everyman getting caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries , the police and the mob . That Yellow Bastard follows an aging police officer who protects a young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer . The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story `` The Customer is Always Right '' , which is collected in Booze , Broads & Bullets , the sixth book in the comic series . The film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Benicio del Toro , Brittany Murphy , Clive Owen , Mickey Rourke , Bruce Willis , and Elijah Wood , and featuring Alexis Bledel , Michael Clarke Duncan , Rosario Dawson , Carla Gugino , Rutger Hauer , Jaime King , Michael Madsen , and Nick Stahl , among others . Sin City opened to wide critical and commercial success , gathering particular recognition for the film 's unique color processing , which rendered most of the film in black and white but retained or added coloring for selected objects . The film was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film 's `` visual shaping '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d27f6267de78157ff24ae239b3f7e7e", "text": "The Treatment (2006 film) The Treatment is an American romantic comedy film released in 2006 starring Chris Eigeman and Famke Janssen and produced and directed by Oren Rudavsky . It is based on a novel with the same title by Daniel Menaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9a45ef93c40ea3e43343e7b9dcd1a51", "text": "True Identity True Identity is a 1991 American comedy film directed by Charles Lane and starring Lenny Henry , Frank Langella and Anne-Marie Johnson . The plot revolves around a black man ( British actor Henry ) , who disguises himself as a white man to escape the mob .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eac8226fcd34f2ef02c2b7794fa339b", "text": "Jessica Stroup Jessica Leigh Stroup ( born October 23 , 1986 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Erin Silver on 90210 , Max Hardy on The Following , and Joy Meachum in Iron Fist . She is regarded as a scream queen for starring in the horror films Prom Night , Vampire Bats , Left in Darkness , and The Hills Have Eyes 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33b5253b273790f5cf9b0421c406a31a", "text": "A.C.O.D. A.C.O.D. is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Stu Zicherman , based on a script by Zicherman and Ben Karlin , and starring Adam Scott , Amy Poehler , Jessica Alba and Jane Lynch . The name of the film is an abbreviation for Adult Children of Divorce . Teddy Schwarzman produced the film through his Black Bear Pictures production company . Other stars include Richard Jenkins , Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Catherine O'Hara , with Ken Howard and Clark Duke in supporting roles . The film was released in the U.S. on October 4 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49359cd95d89b659f38d5a9bc3a5813c", "text": "The Comedian (2016 film) The Comedian is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by Lewis Friedman , Richard LaGravenese , Art Linson , and Jeff Ross . The film stars Robert De Niro , Leslie Mann , Danny DeVito , Edie Falco , Veronica Ferres , Charles Grodin , Cloris Leachman , Patti LuPone and Harvey Keitel . The film had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 11 , 2016 and was released on December 9 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics . The film opened to negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95c7845bd7aee545a9fb0ab4b1f586fe", "text": "The Sacred Taking `` The Sacred Taking '' is the eighth episode of the third season of the anthology television series American Horror Story , which premiered on December 4 , 2013 , on the cable network FX . The episode was written by Ryan Murphy and directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon . In this episode , Fiona ( Jessica Lange ) must take her life in order to undertake a ritual to find the next Supreme . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LV ) . Angela Bassett , Gabourey Sidibe , Danny Huston , and Patti LuPone guest star as Marie Laveau , Queenie , the Axeman , and Joan Ramsey , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e455001992012afdc8d46dde4187988", "text": "Jessica Heafey Jessica Heafey is a Canadian actress . Jessica was born in Canada and graduated from Dalhousie University with a Bachelor of Arts . Some of her talents are being bilingual ( French , English ) , speaking in different accents , and singing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98f00a50ec7a0c1b628444e8d8535fbf", "text": "Jessica Schwarz Jessica Schwarz ( born 5 May 1977 ) is a German film and TV actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "218864900ba324c53b08b03aabac8a65", "text": "Langelier Langelier may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2395923740dcc1ab2e1e610d7926da38", "text": "Youth in Oregon Youth in Oregon is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Joel David Moore . The film stars Frank Langella , Billy Crudup , Christina Applegate , Nicola Peltz , Mary Kay Place , and Josh Lucas . The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 16 , 2016 . The film was released in theaters on February 3 , 2017 , by Orion Pictures and Samuel Goldwyn Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "491baf8a32004715acececd6f8eeff3f", "text": "Just a Little Harmless Sex Just a Little Harmless Sex is a 1999 romantic comedy film which revolves around the offer of oral sex by a stranded motorist ( and prostitute ) to a monogamous man who stops to help her . Arrested by a passing police officer , the unlikely good Samaritan must telephone his wife to bail him out in the middle of the night . A few days later , she throws him out of the house and goes out with her friends to enjoy a sexy night on the town . The denouement takes place when all the parties meet at a local nightclub for explanations and apologies . The film was directed by Rick Rosenthal , and stars Alison Eastwood , Rachel Hunter , and Lauren Hutton . The film received generally poor reviews from critics , with a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 20 % derived from five professional reviews . Writing for The New York Times , Lawrence Van Gelder compared the film to a TV sitcom , and said the movie was `` well cast , well acted and thoroughly inconsequential '' . Writing for Variety , Lael Loewenstein said `` what saves -LSB- the film -RSB- from being utterly predictable is its zesty dialogue '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac4d28a939425f17309208208365de8e", "text": "Erin Moriarty (actress) Erin Moriarty ( born June 24 , 1994 ) is an American actress . She has had recurring roles on the television series One Life to Live and True Detective , was a series regular on Red Widow and Jessica Jones , and has appeared in supporting roles in several films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eab39585dbc50a89ff09a4182ec6afd9", "text": "Malcolm Gets Hugh Malcolm Gerard Gets ( born December 28 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Richard in the American television sitcom Caroline in the City . Gets is also a dancer , singer , composer , classically trained pianist , vocal director , and choreographer . He played Gould in the 2009 film Grey Gardens opposite Jessica Lange and Drew Barrymore and his first solo album came out in 2009 from PS Classics . Gets was nominated for a Tony Award in 2003 ( Best Performance by a Lead Actor in a Musical , Amour ) and was awarded the Obie Award in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08828a823d57fd0a132f322a8020e083", "text": "Jessica Chastain Jessica Michelle Chastain ( born March 24 , 1977 ) is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 . Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene ( 2008 ) , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar ( 2014 ) and The Martian ( 2015 ) , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby ( 2013 ) , A Most Violent Year ( 2014 ) , and Miss Sloane ( 2016 ) . Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4560eb3bc497b271b96273053107e0c", "text": "Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field . The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer . The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives . Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times . The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "84643c3f22dd45ed812a1d622865aa09", "text": "Bonnie Hunt Bonnie Lynne Hunt ( born September 22 , 1961 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actress , director , producer , writer and host . She has appeared in films , such as Rain Man , Beethoven , Beethoven 's 2nd , Jumanji , Jerry Maguire , The Green Mile , Cheaper by the Dozen and Cheaper by the Dozen 2 . Hunt has done voice work in A Bug 's Life , Monsters , Inc. , Cars , Toy Story 3 , Cars 2 , Monsters University , and Zootopia . She starred in Grand and Davis Rules , as well as creating , producing , writing , and starring in The Building , Bonnie , and Life with Bonnie . From 2008 to 2010 , she hosted The Bonnie Hunt Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9539645c68de7be7ac77a4e304b37093", "text": "Cars (film) Cars is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . Directed and co-written by John Lasseter , it is Pixar 's final independently-produced motion picture before its purchase by Disney in May 2006 . Set in a world populated entirely by anthropomorphic cars and other vehicles , the film stars the voices of Owen Wilson , Paul Newman ( in his final acting role ) , Bonnie Hunt , Larry the Cable Guy , Tony Shalhoub , Cheech Marin , Michael Wallis , George Carlin , Paul Dooley , Jenifer Lewis , Guido Quaroni , Michael Keaton , Katherine Helmond and John Ratzenberger . Race car drivers Dale Earnhardt , Jr. , Mario Andretti , Michael Schumacher and car enthusiast Jay Leno ( as `` Jay Limo '' ) voice themselves . Cars premiered on May 26 , 2006 at Lowe 's Motor Speedway in Concord , North Carolina , and was theatrically released on June 9 , 2006 to mostly positive reviews from critics . It was nominated for two Academy Awards including Best Animated Feature , and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film . The film was released on DVD on November 7 , 2006 and on Blu-ray in 2007 . The film was accompanied by the short One Man Band for its theatrical and home media releases . Merchandise based on the film ( including scale models of several of the cars ) broke records for retail sales of merchandise based on a Disney/Pixar film , bringing an estimated $ 10 billion for 5 years after the film 's release . The film was dedicated to Joe Ranft , who was killed in a car accident during the film 's production . A sequel , titled Cars 2 , was released on June 24 , 2011 , and a spin-off film titled Planes , produced by DisneyToon Studios , was released on August 9 , 2013 , which was followed by its own sequel , Planes : Fire & Rescue , released on July 18 , 2014 . A series of short animated films titled Cars Toons debuted in 2008 on Disney Channel and Disney XD . A second sequel , Cars 3 , is scheduled for release on June 16 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bce9758365857686dda21cbef7daf1eb", "text": "Spree (film) Spree is a 1996 film written and directed by Rustin Thompson . It tells the story of a young woman who falls in love with a drug dealer and the perils that come with it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9db0e640b313b3b718326d8344bf701e", "text": "Jay Hunt (director) Jay Hunt ( August 4 , 1855 -- November 18 , 1932 ) was an American film director and actor . He directed 68 films between 1911 and 1919 . He continued his career as an actor until 1931 . He was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and died in Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1953afd8df8f3c0453b179a84238db2", "text": "Assassination (1987 film) Assassination is a 1987 action-thriller film about a bodyguard who is assigned to protect the First Lady of the United States against an assassination plot . The film was directed by Peter R. Hunt and stars Charles Bronson , Jill Ireland , Charles Howerton , Jan Gan Boyd , Stephen Elliott and Chris Alcaide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1feb0ae158aa48c4f791a10e3d36b2", "text": "Sylvester (film) Sylvester is a 1985 American family drama film directed by Tim Hunter and starring Richard Farnsworth and Melissa Gilbert . The movie was nominated for a Young Artist Award in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7c5f91d5cf422beb96b3ebb34d5621", "text": "Apartment Hunting Apartment Hunting is a Canadian romantic comedy film , released in 2000 . Written and directed by Bill Robertson , the film stars Andrew Tarbet as Ben Riddick , an unhappily married journalist forced to confront his feelings for his wife Sarah ( Kari Matchett ) when he is assigned by his employer to write a story about telephone personals services . The film 's cast also includes Valérie Jeanneret , Tracy Wright , Linda Kash , Rosemary Radcliffe , Ralph Benmergui , Ed Sahely and Mary Margaret O'Hara . O'Hara wrote and composed the film 's soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdc03279f7991e14c1cac69958deb485", "text": "The Bonnie Brier Bush The Bonnie Brier Bush is a 1921 British drama film directed by Donald Crisp . Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer . The film is considered to be lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c68d7392fd4ae9e8a43b04d9e6dc7842", "text": "Born Bad Born Bad is a 2011 American crime thriller film written and directed by Jared Cohn . The film stars Michael Welch , Bonnie Dennison , Meredith Monroe , and David Chokachi . The film is considered by some to be a recollection of the 1996 movie Fear - one in which Welch has the Mark Wahlberg role and Dennison is in Reese Witherspoon 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caeee8794882ff51eb72e90c2810bab1", "text": "Devil Dog: The Hound of Hell Devil Dog : The Hound of Hell is a 1978 American made-for-television horror thriller film directed by Curtis Harrington . The story centers on a suburban family and the harrowing experiences they endure from a possessed dog they innocently adopt . The film stars Richard Crenna as Mike Barry , the father , Yvette Mimieux as Betty , the mother , and Kim Richards and Ike Eisenmann as Bonnie and Charlie , their children . The latter two starred in Disney 's Witch Mountain series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14222e30ccffb7baf0984580671701cd", "text": "Garfield: The Movie Garfield : The Movie is a 2004 American family comedy film directed by Peter Hewitt inspired by Jim Davis ' comic strip of the same name . It stars Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle , Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson , and features Bill Murray as the voice of Garfield . Garfield was created with computer animation , though all other animals were real . The film was produced by Davis Entertainment Company and distributed by 20th Century Fox . The film shares several similarities to the 1982 animated special Here Comes Garfield . Garfield : The Movie grossed $ 200 million on a $ 50 million budget . The film was released in the United States on June 11 , 2004 . A sequel , Garfield : A Tail of Two Kitties , was released in June 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "132bb9ce9a2a372f9b47a86cb77fbf58", "text": "Getting Away with Murder (film) Getting Away with Murder is a 1996 American comedy film written and directed by Harvey Miller . The film stars Dan Aykroyd , Jack Lemmon , Lily Tomlin and Bonnie Hunt . This was the final project for veteran writer and director Harvey Miller . It received poor reviews and was panned by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17d37909d9c7d905a0ed0873f265080", "text": "Federal Man-Hunt Federal Man-Hunt is a 1938 American crime film directed by Nick Grinde and written by Maxwell Shane . The film stars Robert Livingston , June Travis , John Gallaudet , Charles Halton , Ben Welden and Horace McMahon . The film was released on December 26 , 1938 , by Republic Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ecb283a2c3efb8afb4981aa7998cd14", "text": "Lyle (film) Lyle is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Stewart Thorndike . The film tells the dramatic story of a mother grieving over the death of her toddler . The film stars actress Gaby Hoffman in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f08bd593b780434ce07fb8f8cab1fb18", "text": "Tragic Hunt Caccia tragica or Tragic Hunt is a 1947 Italian drama film directed by Giuseppe De Santis . Future filmmakers Michelangelo Antonioni and Carlo Lizzani co-wrote the script .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13c5b27352db1db8dfb1b60cd2522524", "text": "The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde is the sixth studio album by Merle Haggard released on Capitol Records in 1968 . It rose to number 6 on the Billboard country albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93055f495f39240fcdede269cec55161", "text": "The Doberman Gang The Doberman Gang is a 1972 film about a talented animal trainer who uses a pack of Dobermans to commit a bank robbery . The six dogs were all named after famous bank robbers . Their names were Dillinger ( John Dillinger ) , Bonnie ( Bonnie Parker ) , Clyde ( Clyde Barrow ) , Pretty Boy Floyd , Baby Face Nelson , and Ma Barker . Its score was the first composed by Alan Silvestri , who found later success with the soundtracks for more notable films such as the Back to the Future trilogy and Forrest Gump . The film was shot completely on location in Simi Valley , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d1957e2dd059e76a676a2f620dac25", "text": "Bonnie Curtis Bonnie Kathleen Curtis ( born March 26 , 1966 ) is an American film producer whose credits include Saving Private Ryan , A.I. , Minority Report , and The Lost World : Jurassic Park , directed by Steven Spielberg . Her first solo project was the 2005 release The Chumscrubber . She then joined Mockingbird Pictures with partner Julie Lynn in 2011 . Curtis and Lynn produced Albert Nobbs , which was nominated for three Academy Awards . Curtis is a co-recipient of the 1999 Producers Guild Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year , for Saving Private Ryan . On March 12 , 2015 , Curtis was inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame . Spielberg congratulated her via video message during the ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc3f4386f551e457d53b85733ffb2a7e", "text": "Queen Bee (film) Queen Bee is a 1955 American film noir drama starring Joan Crawford , John Ireland , Betsy Palmer , and Barry Sullivan . The film was directed by Ranald MacDougall and produced by Jerry Wald , and the screenplay by MacDougall was based upon the novel The Queen Bee , by Edna L. Lee . The film tells the story about a Southern family dominated by a ruthless woman and the havoc her threats and intimidation cause to those around her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aafc478a7fe2bbf7105a93ab613bf0c3", "text": "The Shootist The Shootist is a 1976 American western film directed by Don Siegel and starring John Wayne in his final film role . The film is based on a 1975 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout with a screenplay by Miles Hood Swarthout ( the son of the author ) and Scott Hale . The supporting cast includes Lauren Bacall , Ron Howard , James Stewart , Richard Boone , Hugh O'Brian , Harry Morgan , John Carradine , Sheree North , and Scatman Crothers . In 1977 , The Shootist received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction ( Robert F. Boyle , Arthur Jeph Parker ) , a BAFTA Film Award nomination for Best Actress ( Lauren Bacall ) , and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor ( Ron Howard ) , as well as the National Board of Review Award as one of the Top Ten Films of 1976 . The movie also received widespread critical acclaim , garnering a 95 % positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02871a6b0b52cb121af40d8134143aaf", "text": "Pony Express (film) Pony Express is a 1953 American western film directed by Jerry Hopper and starring Charlton Heston as Buffalo Bill , Forrest Tucker as Wild Bill Hickok , Jan Sterling as a Calamity Jane type character and Rhonda Fleming that was filmed in Kanab , Utah . The story is largely based on the 1925 silent film The Pony Express and tells a highly fictionalized account ( e.g. Buffalo Bill was born in 1846 and would have been 14 at the time ) of the formation of the Pony Express rapid transcontinental mail delivery pioneers in 1860 's United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cbdb82dc427c6db7c9a2db6dc9b015", "text": "Payback (1999 film) Payback is a 1999 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Brian Helgeland in his directorial debut , and starring Mel Gibson , Gregg Henry , Maria Bello and David Paymer . It was based on the novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake using the pseudonym Richard Stark , which had earlier been adapted into the 1967 film noir classic Point Blank , directed by John Boorman and starring Lee Marvin . In 2006 Helgeland issued a director 's cut that differs substantially from the version released by the studio .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3e990ca62bfe486b1d9f99afdbbc4755", "text": "Adam West William West Anderson ( born September 19 , 1928 ) , better known as Adam West , is an American actor whose career spans six decades . His acting career began in films in 1959 . He played opposite Chuck Connors in Geronimo ( 1962 ) and The Three Stooges in The Outlaws Is Coming ( 1965 ) . He has also appeared in the science-fiction film Robinson Crusoe on Mars ( 1964 ) , opposite Paul Mantee , and achieved continuing success for the title role in the 1960s ABC series Batman and its theatrical feature film . He has done voice work on The Fairly OddParents , The Simpsons and Family Guy ( he voices fictional versions of himself in all of those animated series ) and also Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f84d98969e4c4a792f83dc35b95a0fd", "text": "Go West, young man `` Go West , young man '' is a phrase often credited to the American author and newspaper editor Horace Greeley concerning America 's expansion westward , related to the then-popular concept of Manifest Destiny . It was first stated by John Babsone Lane Soule in an 1851 editorial in the Terre Haute Express , `` Go west young man , and grow up with the country . '' Greeley later used the quote in his own editorial in 1865 . Greeley favored westward expansion . He saw the fertile farmland of the west as an ideal place for people willing to work hard for the opportunity to succeed . The phrase came to symbolize the idea that agriculture could solve many of the nation 's problems of poverty and unemployment characteristic of the big cities of the East . It is one of the most commonly quoted sayings from the nineteenth century and may have had some influence on the course of American history . Some sources have claimed the phrase is derived from Greeley 's July 13 , 1865 editorial in the New York Tribune , but this text does not appear in that issue of the newspaper . The actual editorial instead encourages Civil War veterans to take advantage of the Homestead Act and colonize the public lands :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf3767c42fefd9f1d1e0553648f525ca", "text": "Americana Americana are artifacts , or a collection of artifacts , related to the history , geography , folklore and cultural heritage of the United States . Many kinds of material fall within the definition of Americana : paintings , prints and drawings ; license plates or entire vehicles , household objects , tools and weapons ; flags , plaques and statues , and so on . Patriotism and nostalgia play defining roles in the subject . The things involved need not be old , but need to have the appropriate associations . The Atlantic described the term as `` slang for the comforting , middle-class ephemera at your average antique store -- things like needle-pointed pillows , Civil War daguerreotypes , and engraved silverware sets . '' The term may be used to describe the theme of a museum or collection , or of goods for sale . The term can also be used to describe studies of American culture , especially studies based in other countries . Americana music is contemporary music that incorporates elements of various American roots music styles , including country , roots-rock , folk , bluegrass and blues , resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a00fef5938182719837944165541ee6b", "text": "American Dream, Global Nightmare American Dream , Global Nightmare is a book by Ziauddin Sardar and Merryl Wyn Davies ( Icon Books , 2004 ) . This book presents the neoconservative ideology of Pax Americana as ten laws . Law 1 : Fear is essential . Law 2 : Escape is the reason for being . Law 3 : Ignorance is bliss . Law 4 : America is the idea of nation . Law 5 : Democratisation of everything is the essence of America . Law 6 : American democracy has the right to be imperial and express itself through Empire . Law 7 : Cinema is the engine of Empire . Law 8 : Celebrity is the common currency of Empire . Law 9 : War is a necessity . Law 10 : American tradition and history are universal narratives applicable across all time and space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb197b30d700085f9a3f5c30509e6a3", "text": "Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million . In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91fee459c3d43e6c931858f113d749a7", "text": "American Fur Company The American Fur Company ( AFC ) was founded in 1808 , by John Jacob Astor , a German immigrant to the United States . During the 18th century , furs had become a major commodity in Europe , and North America became a major supplier . Several British companies , most notably the North West Company and the Hudson 's Bay Company , were eventual competitors against Astor and capitalized on the lucrative trade in furs . Astor capitalized on anti-British sentiments and his commercial strategies to become one of the first trusts in American business and a major competitor to the British commercial dominance in North American fur trade . Expanding into many former British fur-trapping regions and trade routes , the company grew to monopolize the fur trade in the United States by 1830 , and became one of the largest and wealthiest businesses in the country . Astor planned for several companies planned to function across the Great Lakes , the Great Plains and the Oregon Country to gain control of the North American fur trade . Comparatively inexpensive manufactured goods were to be shipped to commercial stations for trade with various Indigenous nations for fur pelts . The sizable number of furs collected would then be brought to the port of Guangzhou , as pelts were in high demand in the Qing Empire . Chinese products would in turn be purchased for resale throughout Europe and the United States . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities or Astor favored . Demand for furs in Europe began to decline during the early 19th century , leading to the stagnation of the fur trade by the mid-19th century . Astor left his company in 1830 , the company declared bankruptcy in 1842 , and the American Fur Company ultimately ceased trading in 1847 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ffc98b2a1e3faf8dc6f62b0ef502ee", "text": "The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 . The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles . The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago . The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) . The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 . Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . '' Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) . The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8275e1292529d09f440855d3da7a8a17", "text": "Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil . The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e249440d45ffaba0723641079ef11e2", "text": "Westat Westat is an employee-owned statistical survey research corporation in Rockville , Maryland , USA , providing research services to agencies of the U.S. Government , as well as businesses , foundations , and state and local governments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bf186c075efcf1c4e13c38838534d57", "text": "Adam Bierman Adam Bierman ( born February 8 , 1982 ) is an entrepreneur in the legal marijuana industry . He is co-founder and CEO of MedMen , a management and investment firm serving North America 's cannabis industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5067617037a442d80e8725810a3bcca", "text": "Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans or Anglos are people who are inhabitants of Anglo-America and are referred to as English Americans and/or an English Canadians . It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in the Southwestern states and in Mexico ; German speakers ( Amish ) in North Dakota , Ohio , and Pennsylvania ; and French speakers in Canada , New England and Louisiana . This usage originated in the discussion of the history of English-speaking people of the United States and the Spanish-speaking people residing in the western United States during the Mexican -- American War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e119361dd928a98f5b9550e807920e5", "text": "Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut . The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts . The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcb8ed918245f3250c2907007ff1accf", "text": "Adam Felber Adam Felber is an American political satirist , author , radio personality , actor , humorist , novelist , television writer , and comic book writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809debc50290939b0a441d22a591fe44", "text": "Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans . Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common . In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e65f80d118161676e7863e44d64e07", "text": "Inside West Coast Customs Inside West Coast Customs is a car remodeling television show . The series revolves around famed car customizer , Ryan Friedlinghaus , and his crew at California-based West Coast Customs as they transformed ordinary , factory model vehicles into extraordinary , customized vehicles . The shop 's clients included those from the general public as well as celebrities such as Shaquille O'Neal , Mark Wahlberg , will.i.am , and Justin Bieber . The first season of Inside West Coast Customs consisted of 10 episodes which originally aired in 2011 . The second season 's 16 episodes followed in 2012 . The third and final season had a production run of five episodes which were originally broadcast from February 2013 to March 2013 . After season 3 , the show dropped the Inside from the name , and changed networks to Fox Sports 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a266129b5e640d23de611ba904f6f0c3", "text": "Archives West Archives West is an online catalog of descriptive information about the archival collections at various institutions in the western United States ( Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Alaska , Utah and Washington ) . It was established in 2005 , and is a program offering of the Orbis Cascade Alliance . From 2005 to 2015 , the site was known as Northwest Digital Archives ; the name changed as part of a substantial redesign to better describe the site 's content and scope . It was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities in two phases between 2002 and 2007 , and by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission . Since 2007 , it has been supported by the contributing institutions . It uses Encoded Archival Description ( EAD ) . It used to be called Northwest Digital Archives ( NWDA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d0471a8d5aac000d5f50f7d66e6c363", "text": "Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 . The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 . The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton . It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faadff00fe66d9d3f568ceec5ba91408", "text": "Adam Winkler Adam Winkler ( born July 25 , 1967 ) is a professor of constitutional law at the UCLA School of Law . He is the author of Gunfight : The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America , and a commentator about legal issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d15f9195ffb2850255084507a53382c1", "text": "John A. Agnew For others named John Agnew , see the John Agnew navigation page John A. Agnew ( born Millom , England , August 29 , 1949 ) is a prominent British-American political geographer . Agnew was educated at the Universities of Exeter and Liverpool in England and Ohio State in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "261f359fcfd2ef5796d55fb14d7f9e0a", "text": "Adam Davenport Adam Davenport ( born May 27 , 1984 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , stage actor and music producer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "613be980d4eab591c607cc476f02e914", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender Avatar : The Last Airbender ( Avatar : The Legend of Aang in some regions ) is an American animated television series that aired for three seasons ( referred to as `` books '' in each episode 's title card ) on Nickelodeon from 2005 to 2008 . Avatar : The Last Airbender is set in an Asiatic-like world in which some people are able to manipulate the classical elements by use of psychokinetic variants of Chinese martial arts , known as `` bending '' . The show combines the styles of anime and American cartoons , and relies on the imagery of various East Asian , Inuit , Southeast Asian , South Asian , and New World societies . Therefore , whether or not the series can be considered as an anime work is often discussed . The series follows the adventures of protagonist twelve-year-old Aang and his friends , who must bring peace and unity to the world by ending the Fire Lord 's war against the other three nations . The pilot episode first aired on February 21 , 2005 , and the series concluded with a widely praised two-hour episode on July 19 , 2008 . The show is obtainable from various sources , including DVD , the iTunes Store , the Zune Marketplace , the Xbox Live Marketplace , the PlayStation Store , Netflix , Amazon Video , and the Nicktoons Network . Throughout its run , Avatar : The Last Airbender was universally acclaimed by audiences and critics alike . Praises went to the art direction , humor , cultural references , characters , and themes . It was also commercially successful , garnering 5.6 million viewers on its best-rated showing and receiving high ratings in the Nicktoons lineup , even outside of its 6 - to 11-year-old demographic . The series has been nominated for and won awards from the Annie Awards , the Genesis Awards , a Primetime Emmy Award and a Peabody Award , among others . The first season 's success prompted Nickelodeon to order second and third seasons . In other media , the series has spawned a critically panned , but financially successful , live-action film , titled The Last Airbender , directed by M. Night Shyamalan ; scaled action figures ; a trading card game ; three video games ; stuffed animals distributed by Paramount Parks and two Lego sets . An art book was also released in mid-2010 . A sequel series , The Legend of Korra , aired from 2012 to 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dca4bf6e59e27566d80c2690a58d3f6c", "text": "30-Second Bunnies Theatre 30-Second Bunnies Theatre is a Flash cartoon series featuring films re-enacted by anthropomorphic animated bunnies in 30 seconds . The series is produced by Angry Alien Productions , the one-woman company of creator Jennifer Shiman . The series debuted in 2004 , when Shiman sought to create a humorous web series . She unveiled a version of The Exorcist , re-enacted by animated bunnies in 30 seconds . It received an overwhelmingly positive response online from a global audience , prompting Shiman to create more re-enactments . In 2005 , the `` bunny troupe '' was commissioned by Starz ! to make new shorts . Each Starz-commissioned re-enactment premiered on Starz on Demand before moving online . The series take on Star Wars was featured on CNN on April 16 , 2006 . Angry Alien Productions released a selection of the shorts on DVD on October 20 , 2009 . Previously , the Titanic short was included on that film 's 4-Disc Special Collector 's Edition DVD , released in 2005 . In 2007 , Crackle became a distributing partner . In 2008 , the site won two Webby Awards for Online Film and Video/Animation , as well as the People 's Voice award in that category . On June 13 , 2010 , Shiman announced on the 30-Second Bunnies Theatre Website that , after six years and 68 shorts , she was placing the series on hiatus to move on to other pursuits . The final short at the time was a re-enactment of the film Evil Dead II . As of October 2011 , Shiman completed three more re-enactments : Alfred Hitchcock 's The Birds , Freaks ( 1932 ) and Michael Dougherty 's Trick ' r Treat . Shiman teamed up with FEARnet in 2012 to make more horror movie shorts . The first season of shorts is complete , and the second season is in production as of September 16 , 2013 . In mid-March 2014 , Angry Alien Productions ventured into new bunny territory by re-enacting the life of Kevin Spacey ( with bunny voices by Kevin Spacey himself ) to celebrate the launch of his new website . In Spring 2015 the staff of Angry Alien Productions informed that they would indefinitely stop making re-enactments after Blade Runner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15952371bce5eb94c58b8063484c4a49", "text": "Object animation Object animation is a form of stop motion animation that involves the animated movements of any non-drawn objects such as toys , blocks , dolls , etc. which are not fully malleable , such as clay or wax , and not designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character . Object animation is considered a different form of animation distinct from model animation and puppet animation , as these two forms of stop-motion animation usually use recognizable characters as their subjects , rather than just objects like static toy soldiers , or construction toys such as Tinker Toys , LEGO brand bricks ( Brickfilm ) , Lincoln Logs , Erector Sets , Playmobil , etc. . Object animation is often combined with other forms of animation , typically for a more realistic effect ( e.g. , Model Animation or Puppet Animation to add more complex movement or depth to the characters ) . For example , a toy car can be animated without a driver , but is more often animated with a character easily seen driving the car . The use of animated objects in film has been present since the early days of cinema . An example of modern object animation can be seen on Robot Chicken , part of the regular Adult Swim block on Cartoon Network , which combines object animation with a variation of puppet animation , in this case the puppets are made to resemble plastic action figures from various TV shows , movies , and pop culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833ab02fa3cfa7aa7d6e81ad892b0ccc", "text": "Buffy the Animated Series Buffy the Animated Series is an animated television series concept based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer created by Joss Whedon . Initially greenlit by 20th Century Fox in 2002 , it went ultimately unproduced and unaired when no network was willing to buy the series . The series would have taken place in the middle of Buffy season 1 , as writer Jeph Loeb described the continuity as `` Episode 7.5 '' . Whedon and Loeb would later revisit the style of the series in the Season Eight comic story `` After These Messages ... We 'll Be Right Back ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d24e8dc9df0f3c69d921b0295c72def", "text": "List of Kimba the White Lion episodes These are the episodes of the anime television series Kimba the White Lion ( Jungle Emperor ) . The series originally ran from October 6 , 1965 , to September 28 , 1966 , in Japan and from September 11 , 1966 , to September 3 , 1967 , in the U.S. There were two English dubs produced for this anime series . The first ( and more widely viewed ) English dub was produced by Titan Productions for NBC Enterprises to license and run in syndication in the United States , with a handful of talented voice actors . Despite that they dubbed all 52 episodes of the series , 49 of them have been aired in a mixed up order , in the United States , due to the NBC catalog order of how they aired them in sequence . On September 30 , 1978 , the license for NBC to hold the rights to the English dub has dropped due to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions being bankrupt earlier in 1973 . Afterwards , the Titan Productions English dub was no longer available to view at that time . In 1993 , Fumio Suzuki made plans to bring the series to television once more to the English-speaking market . After the legal battles of who was going to gain ownership , a Canadian company from Toronto known as Zaza Sound Productions Ltd. won the rights to produce a second English dub of the anime series with a handful of Canadian voice actors , as well as airing this dub in several English-speaking regions ( Australia , United Kingdom , etc. ) , with CEG Distribution distributing the series . Landmark Entertainment Group Inc. , Susuki Associates and CEG Cinema Partners have also contributed to this dub . Fans have often labeled this as the `` Canadian dub '' . It was said to be a remake of the 1966 U.S. English dub , with a more faithful translation of the original Japanese scripts , but had to create a whole new soundtrack composed by Paul J. Zaza , since they were unable to use the original soundtrack composed by Isao Tomita which was also used in the 1966 U.S. English dub . This version was also more edited including heavy cuts and changes . In 1995 , A low-budget American company known as UAV Corporation released a limited number of episodes of the 1993 Canadian English re-dub on VHS in North America , under the title Kimba the Lion Prince .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db72db165a7b6c509e479a9a9d9e2dbc", "text": "Bangladeshi animation Bangladeshi animation is still a new form of visual arts but experiencing a rapid growth . The animation industry employs about 12,000 people of different ages in Bangladesh . Most of the animation works are of outsourced projects from western developed nations . Other animation works include projects related to social awareness related programs and for TV advertisement purposes . Few animation studios are also producing animated short and feature films . There are some animation festivals that annually take place in Bangladesh , most prominently the International Animation and Cartoon Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "493d0a316be6a416759a6916fa978952", "text": "Racebending __ NOTOC __ Racebending is a neologism used to describe a process where a character 's perceived race or ethnicity is changed in a narrative by an adapter as it is created in a new media form . The term was coined by one of the founders of the website Racebending.com , which was created to protest the casting of white actors in the 2010 film The Last Airbender , where the originating TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender featured characters of East Asian appearance . The term `` racebending '' was derived from Avatar characters ' ability to manipulate or `` bend '' the classical elements of water , earth , fire , and air . Assistant Professor Kristen J. Warner wrote that the term has `` many definitions and contexts '' , such as being the industrial practice of color-blind casting or writing fan fiction , the latter being `` when writers change the race and cultural specificity of central characters or pull a secondary character of color from the margins , transforming her into the central protagonist . '' In 2010 , Racebending.com and the Media Action Network for Asian Americans ( MANAA ) urged boycotts of The Last Airbender as well as Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time due to their practices of racebending . Prince of Persia was criticized for casting white actors for the principal cast instead of actors of Iranian or Middle Eastern descent . Fan activism over The Last Airbender led to the term becoming prevalent and becoming the name of the activist movement . Activists used the term interchangeably with `` whitewashing '' to describe white actors being cast as non-white characters in adaptations of media . Pastes Abbey White said in 2016 that the term was subsequently adopted to apply to actors of color being cast in traditionally white roles . White said , `` In the last several years , racebending has become a practice used more and more to help networks diversify their ensembles and capture a bigger audience . Not only has it resulted in more racial visibility on the small screen , but in a far more unexpected way , racebending can generate deeper and more significant depictions of characters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c131e6b21d8ac97a74e01b57e61ebb60", "text": "The Last: Naruto the Movie The Last : Naruto the Movie is a 2014 Japanese animated film based on Masashi Kishimoto 's manga and anime series . It is the first entry in the , and the first to be an official part of the canon storyline set between chapter 699 and 700 for the manga series . The film premiered on 6 December 2014 and became the highest-grossing film in the franchise , before being surpassed by its sequel Boruto : Naruto the Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9cd889f8e62a1e10b30e7415019f4c3", "text": "Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese film director , producer , screenwriter , animator , author , and manga artist . Through a career that has spanned over five decades , Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of anime feature films and , along with Isao Takahata , co-founded Studio Ghibli , a film and animation studio . Born in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Miyazaki began his animation career in 1963 when he joined Toei Animation . From there , Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver 's Travels Beyond the Moon , where he pitched ideas that eventually became the film 's ending . Hayao Miyazaki was also associated with Tokyo Movie Shinsha . He co-directed Lupin III with Isao Takahata , provided the screenplay and key animation for Panda ! Go Panda ! , provided key animation for the first episode of Tokyo Giants , provided the original concept for Jungle Kurobe , provided the director role for Lupin III : Tales of the Wolf , provided key animation for the Ulysses 31 pilot in conjunction with Diffusion Information Communication , provided the director role for The New Adventures of Zorro , provided key animation for the Inspector Gadget pilot , and provided the chief director role for season 1 of Sherlock Hound . He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry with various studios until he directed his first feature film , The Castle of Cagliostro , a Lupin the Third story , released in 1979 . After the success of his next film , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 1984 ) , he co-founded Studio Ghibli , where he continued to produce many feature films . While Miyazaki 's films have long enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan , he remained largely unknown to the West until Miramax Films released Princess Mononoke in 1997 . Princess Mononoke was briefly the highest-grossing film in Japan until it was eclipsed by another 1997 film , Titanic , and it became the first animated film to win Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards . Miyazaki 's next film , Spirited Away ( 2001 ) , won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards , and was the first anime film to win an American Academy Award . Miyazaki 's films often contain recurrent themes , like humanity 's relationship with nature and technology , and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic . His films ' protagonists are often strong girls or young women . While two of his films , The Castle of Cagliostro and Castle in the Sky , involve traditional villains , his other films like Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke present morally ambiguous antagonists with redeeming qualities . He co-wrote films The Secret World of Arrietty , released in July 2010 in Japan and February 2012 in the United States ; and From Up on Poppy Hill released in July 2011 in Japan and March 2013 in the United States . Miyazaki 's newest film The Wind Rises was released on July 20 , 2013 and screened internationally in February 2014 . The film would go on to earn him his third American Academy Award nomination and first Golden Globe Award nomination . Miyazaki announced on September 1 , 2013 that The Wind Rises would be his final feature-length movie . In November 2014 , Miyazaki was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his impact on animation and cinema . He is the second Japanese filmmaker to win this award , after Akira Kurosawa in 1990 . In 2002 , American film critic Roger Ebert suggested that Miyazaki may be the best animation filmmaker in history , praising the depth and artistry of his films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727ede2d4889f1ce1faad7fdd093d47d", "text": "ASIFA-Hollywood ASIFA-Hollywood , an American non-profit organization in Los Angeles , California , United States , is a branch member of the `` Association Internationale du Film d'Animation '' or `` ASIFA '' ( the International Animated Film Association ) . Its purpose is to promote the art of film animation in a variety of ways , including its own archive and an annual awards presentation , the Annie Awards . It is also known as the International Animated Film Society . Many branches of ASIFA exist throughout the world ; in the US there are chapters in San Francisco , New York City , Atlanta , Seattle , Washington , the Detroit area , and others , while internationally , organizations exist in Annecy , France , in Italy , and Japan . ASIFA also sponsors several animation film festivals throughout the world , including the ASIFA-Hollywood Student Animation Festival . ASIFA-Hollywood has the largest membership internationally of all other chapters , largely because the most popular cartoons ever produced were by studios and animation professionals located in the city of Burbank , which is also the location of the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Center . It includes a virtual archive , museum , library and research facility , containing the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41f84b51dd5781d6b11047cec25641c4", "text": "The Animatrix is a 2003 American-Japanese anthology anime film based on The Matrix trilogy produced by The Wachowskis , who wrote and directed the trilogy . The film is a compilation of nine animated short films , including four written by the Wachowskis . It details the backstory of the Matrix universe , including the original war between man and machines which led to the creation of the Matrix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be51bb06c6b36891a33f7e80baf8876a", "text": "Avatar Airbender Avatar Airbender is an Intamin roller coaster themed after the TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender located at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall of America in Bloomington , Minnesota . Avatar is a halfpipe roller coaster that goes up to 70 ft to the top and back tower while spinning the riders . It reaches the top of both spikes about twelve times during each ride . Located at the center of Nickelodeon Universe , it provides a focal point for the entire park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b5d04a1511f9fe14153998673295fb5", "text": "Ben 10 Ben 10 is an American animated TV series and media franchise created by Man of Action Studios and produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The franchise revolves around a boy named Ben Tennyson who acquires a watch-like alien device ( the Omnitrix ) which allows the wearer to transform into ten different alien creatures . The Ben 10 franchise has received wide critical acclaim , winning three Emmy Awards . Worldwide it has grossed over $ 4.5 billion in retail sales . The franchise has four movies , all of which aired on Cartoon Network between August 2007 and March 2012 . With a 12-year old franchise , it is the longest Cartoon Network original series to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc41f2015135f214d55dc53dd337a8d3", "text": "Animation (journal) Animation is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of film and media studies , focusing on animations implications for other forms of media . The editor-in-chief is Suzanne Buchan ( University for the Creative Arts ) . It was established in 2006 and is currently published by SAGE Publications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ab0dc7eee5ddbf1c42352c18ce1ef97", "text": "List of Avatar: The Last Airbender characters This features a list of significant characters from the animated television programs Avatar : The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra created by Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e5205aab3c0ab7824b64939249c8304", "text": "William Hanna William Denby `` Bill '' Hanna ( July 14 , 1910 -- March 22 , 2001 ) was an American animator , director , producer , voice actor , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century . After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression , Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 . During the 1930s , Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids . In 1937 , while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Hanna met Joseph Barbera . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , The Huckleberry Hound Show , The Jetsons , Scooby-Doo , The Smurfs , and Yogi Bear . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors . Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoons have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday , and have been translated into more than 28 languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c4fd258513b86b07e6ddbc317b3d04", "text": "Beast Wars II: Super Life-Form Transformers is a 1998 Japanese Transformers anime series , spawning a movie and a toyline . It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 1998 to January 1999 , and was the first Transformers anime to be produced by Nihon Ad Systems and animated by the studio Ashi Productions . While its position in the Transformers continuity has previously been unknown , the IDW Publishing comic book mini-series Beast Wars : The Gathering and comments from Transformers writer Simon Furman have shown it is part of the Beast Wars continuity . The series was preceded by Beast Wars , and was followed by Super Life-Form Transformers : Beast Wars Neo . Voices are done by Hozumi Gōda and each episode runs for 30 minutes . This anime was succeeded by Beast Wars Neo . The series has a much lighter tone and is aimed more towards children , whereas the more accessible Beast Wars was intended for a wider age range . The series also uses conventional animation rather than CGI . With the exceptions of the faction leaders , all of the characters within the series are either re-molds or re-colors of earlier Beast Wars figures or Generation 2/Machine Wars figures . In addition to the 43 episodes , there is also a 50-minute movie , Beast Wars II : Lio Convoy 's Close Call ! , which takes place sometime between episodes 32 and 38 , and a manga adaptation by Shoji Imaki . The only other country it was published in is Korea , and it was done by Daewon Media . The anime was also released in Korea , and it was broadcast on SBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae12dec699977fffdbf310bd1fd62a7", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award for Best Animated Motion Picture The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures is an award annually given since 2005 . Of all the 12 films awarded , 8 have gone on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a9662d9b9985c8d4e271ffc56136fcb9", "text": "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard Resident Evil 7 : Biohazard is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom . The game was released worldwide in January 2017 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 -- with support for the PlayStation VR headset -- and Xbox One . It is the eleventh main entry and 24th entry overall in the Resident Evil franchise . It is the first main series installment to be played from a first-person perspective . The story follows civilian Ethan Winters as he searches for his wife Mia , which leads him to a derelict plantation inhabited by the Baker family . Ethan makes use of weapons and tools in the fight against the Baker family , and the `` Molded '' , a humanoid form of bacteria . Healing items are used in the event of injury and there are puzzles that may be solved to further the story . Instead of being action-oriented like Resident Evil 5 and 6 , the survival horror element present in earlier installments took priority . Thus , the game uses a first-person perspective . It is the first full-length game to be developed in the RE Engine . Resident Evil 7 received generally favorable reviews , which praised the gameplay , graphics , and design . PlayStation VR was hailed for increasing player involvement . However , it was also subject to complaint , with decreased resolution and physical discomfort cited as its chief offenses . Further criticism was directed at the game 's boss battles and the final chapter of the game . It had the third-best sales debut in the series and has sold over 3 million copies .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "37d1061147008c828f1975ed0de70991", "text": "Rule of Rose Rule of Rose is a survival horror video game developed by Punchline for the PlayStation 2 . It was first released in 2006 by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan . After Sony Computer Entertainment 's American and European branch did not express interest in localizing the title , it was published later that year by Atlus USA in North America and by 505 Games in Europe . Set in England in 1930 , the plot revolves around a nineteen-year-old woman named Jennifer , who becomes trapped in a world ruled by young girls who have established a class hierarchy called the Red Crayon Aristocrats . Development on Rule of Rose began after Punchline was asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to make a horror game . Punchline wanted to develop a `` new type of horror game '' with an emphasis on psychological horror . This decision led to the concept of childhood , specifically the `` mysterious and misunderstood '' nature of young girls . The team drew inspiration from the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales for the narrative , and the Silent Hill series for graphics and art style . The entire score was produced by studio musicians in order to bring a human element to the game 's atmosphere . Rule of Rose received significant controversy before release due to its use of violence and implied sexuality among some of its underage , female characters . Various European authorities condemned the game and called for its banning . The game was cancelled in the United Kingdom , despite the Video Standards Council calling the complaints `` nonsense . '' Rule of Rose received mixed reviews from many publications ; reactions to the story , music , and horror elements were almost universally positive , while the gameplay was panned . The game has been compared to Silent Hill and Haunting Ground , due to the psychological horror used throughout and because the main character is accompanied by a canine companion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b306a9a1aceb5b26f6396d08d4a3ed04", "text": "Shenmue III is an upcoming action-adventure role-playing video game developed by Neilo and Ys Net , scheduled for release in December 2017 for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 . It is directed , written and produced by Yu Suzuki . Shenmue III follows teenage martial artist Ryo Hazuki in his quest to find his father 's killer in 1980s China . Suzuki conceived Shenmue as a saga spanning multiple games . The first two games were developed by Sega AM2 and published by Sega for the Dreamcast in 1999 and 2001 respectively . The original Shenmue was the most expensive video game ever developed at the time , with an estimated production and marketing cost of over $ 47 million USD , though this also covered some of Shenmue II and groundwork for future Shenmue games . Despite attracting a cult following and appearances in several `` greatest video games of all time '' lists , the games were commercial failures and Shenmue III spent over a decade in development hell . At the June 2015 E3 conference , following years of speculation , Suzuki launched a Kickstarter campaign to crowdfund Shenmue III , with Sega having licensed Shenmue to Suzuki 's company Ys Net . The campaign met its initial target of $ 2 million USD in under eight hours , making it the fastest Kickstarter campaign to reach that amount . It ended in July 2015 having raised over $ 6 million , making it the highest-funded video game and the sixth highest-funded campaign in Kickstarter history . Crowdfunding resumed via the online payment system PayPal and the Chinese crowdfunding platform Alipay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a193c1f70d037e5df8321cc18a1950e", "text": "Spec Ops: The Line Spec Ops : The Line is a 2012 third-person shooter video game developed by the German studio Yager Development and published by 2K Games . It was released internationally in June 2012 for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . It was later released for OS X in 2013 and Linux in 2015 . It is the tenth title , as well as a reboot , of the Spec Ops series , and the first entry since Spec Ops : Airborne Commando in 2002 . The game is powered by Unreal Engine 3 . In the game , the player controls Captain Martin Walker , who is sent into a post-catastrophe Dubai with an elite Delta Force team on a recon mission . As the game progresses , Walker 's mental health deteriorates , as he begins to experience hallucinations and slowly realizes the horror of war . Players can hide behind cover , vault over obstacles , and shoot enemies while utilizing a variety of gadgets . Sand is a key gameplay mechanic that can be manipulated to defeat enemies . Included with the game is an online multiplayer mode , developed separately by Darkside Game Studios , allowing players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay . Yager started the game 's development in 2007 , taking inspiration for the setting and story framework from various media , including Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now . The game was designed to be `` physically opposing '' , causing players to question their thoughts about treating war in a video game as entertainment , and tasks players to make a variety of morally ambiguous decisions . The game suffered from multiple delays , and the development team used this time to refine the story and increase the gameplay 's pace . The game 's soundtrack is a mix of licensed music and original music composed by Elia Cmíral . Video game critics gave Spec Ops : The Line generally positive reviews . Praise focused on the narrative and its themes , while criticism was targeted at the online multiplayer mode and generic third person gameplay . Spec Ops : The Line was a commercial failure and did not garner the attention that distributor Take-Two Interactive had hoped for , but it was awarded and nominated for several end-of-the-year accolades particularly for its story . Yager announced that there would not be a sequel to the game . The game was banned in the United Arab Emirates for its depiction of Dubai in a state of destruction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46d655ea522fcc3fdbd33ff6a8752e7b", "text": "Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater Metal Gear Solid 3 : Snake Eater is an action-adventure stealth video game produced by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan for the PlayStation 2 . It was released in late 2004 in North America and Japan , then in early 2005 in Europe and Australia . It was the fifth Metal Gear game written and directed by Hideo Kojima and serves as a prequel to the previous installments . Set in 1964 ( three decades before the events of the original Metal Gear ) , the story centers on FOX operative codenamed Naked Snake as he attempts to rescue a Russian rocket scientist by the name of Nikolai Stepanovich Sokolov , sabotage an experimental superweapon , and assassinate his defected former boss . While previous games were set in a primarily urban environment , Snake Eater adopts a 1960s Soviet jungle setting , with the high tech , near-future trappings of previous Metal Gear Solid games being replaced with the wilderness . While the setting has changed , the game 's focus remains on stealth and infiltration , while retaining the series ' self-referential , fourth wall-breaking sense of humor . The story of Snake Eater is told through numerous cut scenes and radio conversations . Considered to be one of the greatest video games of all time , Metal Gear Solid 3 : Snake Eater was critically acclaimed , receiving praise for its story , gameplay , graphics , setting , characters and ending , as well as departing from the series ' typical conventions . Snake Eater was a commercial success , having sold 3.6 million copies worldwide by August 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a096452a22f0807c7d59cf9d5007bf88", "text": "Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' . Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel . Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4331aadfb2c5b7670cbdffc899280daf", "text": "Gears of War: Judgment Gears of War : Judgment is a 2013 military science fiction third-person shooter video game , developed by Epic Games with additional work by People Can Fly and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 in North America on 19 March 2013 , with subsequent regions following later that month . It is the fourth entry of the Gears of War series . It is also the last Gears of War game to be developed by Epic Games before Microsoft acquired the franchise in January 2014 , and the final Gears of War game to be released on the Xbox 360 . On 4 June 2012 , Microsoft officially announced the development of Gears of War : Judgment at the company 's press conference during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012 , before releasing a debut trailer and demonstrating the upcoming multiplayer features . Prior to Microsoft 's announcement , video game journalists had already determined that the chronology of events in Gears of War : Judgment would pre-date that of the other releases in the franchise , and that the prequel would feature Damon Baird and Augustus Cole as protagonists . Gears of War : Judgement received favorable reactions from critics , albeit less positive than its predecessors . Critics cited the game 's multiplayer mode , visuals and action as strengths , but criticized the single-player campaign 's narrative and length , as well as the game 's failure to innovate the series ' gameplay . By August 2013 it sold over 1 million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1dbaa235194627ebe027f8a43d8b229", "text": "Mortal Kombat (2011 video game) Mortal Kombat is a fighting video game developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment . The game is the ninth main installment in the Mortal Kombat series and is a reboot of the franchise . The game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 systems in April 2011 , and a PlayStation Vita port was released in May 2012 . An expanded version of the game , titled Mortal Kombat : Komplete Edition , was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in February 2012 and for Microsoft Windows in July 2013 . Although beginning during the events of Mortal Kombat : Armageddon , the plot is a retcon to the earliest period in the Mortal Kombat series , the events of Mortal Kombat , Mortal Kombat II and Mortal Kombat 3 ( as well as the latter title 's two updates ) . The storyline involves the divine protector of Earth , Raiden , attempting to change the aftermath of the events of Armageddon by contacting his past self as he faces defeat at the hands of the evil emperor of Outworld , Shao Kahn . While having characters and levels rendered in three-dimensions , the gameplay distances itself from the fully 3D graphics one seen in the last four games , bearing closer resemblance to that of the 2D era of the series , using a camera that is perpendicular to the two-dimensional playing field . Upon release , Mortal Kombat received very positive reviews and won several awards for fighting game of the year . It was also a commercial success , selling more than two million copies in the first month alone . Due to its extremely violent content , the game was banned in Australia due to the lack of appropriate ratings category , and South Korea , and it has been reportedly indexed in Germany ; the Australian ban was later lifted due to the introduction of an R18 classification and the game was released with many other R rated games in May 2014 . Mortal Kombat was followed by the sequel Mortal Kombat X in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2373cb93776491660715875288961fa1", "text": "Saw (video game) Saw , also known as Saw : The Video Game , is a survival horror video game that was developed by Zombie Studios and published by Konami . The game launched on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles , with a downloadable version released soon after for the Microsoft Windows platform . The game was first released on October 6 , 2009 , in North America and was released later that year in other regions . The Microsoft Windows version was released on October 22 , 2009 . Being a tie-in game of the Saw film series , the game is set between the first and second films . In Saw , The Jigsaw Killer has healed Detective David Tapp from his gunshot wound , and places him in an abandoned insane asylum to teach him a lesson in life appreciation . Obsessed , Tapp traverses the asylum and gathers clues along the way in hopes of finally apprehending Jigsaw . As he progresses through the asylum , he encounters several people with past and current connections to him , whom he must save . The asylum also has inhabitants who are in games of their own , ordered to kill Tapp . Along the way , Tapp uncovers the origins of Jigsaw and the motives behind his tests . The development team brought in the Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell to help with the storyline and create new trap designs exclusive to the game . Upon release , Saw received mixed reviews . It was praised for the storyline and multiple endings , as well as the immersive environment that is true to the Saw film series . The controls and combat system , however , were panned by critics . Since Konami purchased the publishing rights after former publisher Brash Entertainment went bankrupt , Konami had a significant input on the games ' final outcome . They stated that they had plans to make Saw their next big franchise as well as a spiritual successor to their other survival horror series , Silent Hill . A sequel , Saw II : Flesh & Blood , was released on multiple platforms on October 19 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd41eb651b62bf8b585178aba7a962f0", "text": "Darkspore Darkspore was a video game that borrowed creature editing technology from Spore . It was described as `` a fast-paced , science fiction action role-playing game in which the player battled across alien worlds to save the galaxy from the mutated forces of Darkspore '' . In addition to the creature editor , the game features a unique squad-based mechanic , various multiplayer options , and a player versus player arena . The game was released in North America on April 26 , 2011 for Microsoft Windows , and in Europe on April 28 , 2011 . EA has removed the store page of Darkspore from Steam , meaning any attempt to purchase it through Steam can not be made . The game was later relisted with EA saying that they would continue to support for the game . Those who have purchased it prior to the page 's removal still have the game and could play it until the servers were shut down permanently on March 1 , 2016 . The game is currently unplayable due to its DRM scheme requiring a connection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fb639320c503928d2f04287898d63ef", "text": "The End of Heartache The End of Heartache is the third studio album by American metalcore band Killswitch Engage . It was released on May 11 , 2004 through Roadrunner Records . It is the first album to feature lead vocalist Howard Jones . It is also the first album with Justin Foley also from Blood Has Been Shed joined the bands as the drummer also making his first recording on this album . The new lineup played on the 2003 Ozzfest and the MTV2 Headbangers Ball tour . The first recording was the song `` When Darkness Falls '' appearing on the soundtrack to the 2003 horror film Freddy vs. Jason . The End of Heartache was released on May 11 , 2004 . The album debuted in the top 40 of the Australian album charts on May 17 , 2004 following a successful tour of that country with Anthrax . The title track was nominated for Best Metal Performance for the 47th Annual Grammy Awards . Two music videos for `` Rose of Sharyn '' and `` The End of Heartache '' were filmed in promotion of the album . `` Rose of Sharyn '' had the group performing in a sunny desert with blood dripping from dead branches to form words . `` The End of Heartache '' featured a darkly lit performance with various computer animated imagery with scenes from Resident Evil : Apocalypse dotted throughout . Both videos saw notable airplay on Headbanger 's Ball . In 2005 , a special edition of the album was released which contained 6 additional tracks . The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on December 7 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cafe350b8881ee76d61d11ceaa63e1", "text": "Biohazard 4D-Executer Biohazard 4D-Executer is a Japanese 3D animated biopunk horror film based on the Resident Evil series of survival horror video games . It was created by Capcom in cooperation with Visual Science Laboratory , and distributed by Digital Amuse . Biohazard 4D-Executer was directed by Koichi Ohata , and written by Daisuke Okamoto , who was supervised by the game series developers . A limited release , the 20-minute film has been an attraction in Japanese theme parks since November 2000 , and can be seen in movie theaters and smaller booths . The story centers on the mission of a military squad sent to the zombie-infested Raccoon City to locate the whereabouts of Dr. Cameron , a female scientist conducting research on a new type of virus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18bc9b5a24ddeb19c2866f9cb67bd8ba", "text": "Dark Sector Dark Sector , also stylized as darkSector , is a third-person shooter video game developed by Digital Extremes for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows . The game is set in the fictional Eastern Bloc country of Lasria , and centers on protagonist Hayden Tenno ( voiced by Michael Rosenbaum ) , a morally ambivalent CIA `` clean-up man '' . While trying to intercept rogue agent named Robert Mezner , Hayden 's right arm is infected with the fictional Technocyte virus , which gives him the ability to grow a three-pronged `` Glaive '' at will . Dark Sector received mixed to positive reviews for its visual design , originality of action and weapon-based gameplay . Many critics have compared the game to Resident Evil 4 and Gears of War , for their similar style of play and story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d680beab44ca8c88b047bc7104d55a60", "text": "Grand Theft Auto III Grand Theft Auto III is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 22 October 2001 for the PlayStation 2 , on 20 May 2002 for Microsoft Windows , and on 31 October 2003 for the Xbox . A remastered version of the game was released on mobile platforms in 2011 , for the game 's tenth anniversary . It is the fifth title in the Grand Theft Auto series , and the first main entry since 1999 's Grand Theft Auto 2 . Set within the fictional Liberty City , based on New York City , the game follows Claude after he is left for dead and quickly becomes entangled in a world of gangs , crime and corruption . The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City , consisting of three main islands . Development was shared between DMA Design , based in Edinburgh and Rockstar , in New York City . Much of the development work constituted transforming popular series elements into a 3D world . The game was delayed following the September 11 attacks , to allow the team to change references and gameplay deemed inappropriate . Upon release , the game received critical acclaim , with praise particularly directed at its concept and gameplay . However , the game also generated controversy , with criticism directed at the depiction of violence and sexual content . Grand Theft Auto III became the best-selling video game of 2001 , and has sold over 17 million copies . Considered one of the most significant titles of the sixth generation of video games , and by many critics as one of the greatest video games of all time , it won year-end accolades , including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . Since its release , it has received numerous ports to many gaming platforms . Its successor , Grand Theft Auto : Vice City , was released in October 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc50bb8e97274f6a227d02e492179cd2", "text": "RayStorm RayStorm is a scrolling shooter developed by the Taito Corporation . Originally released in Japan as an arcade game in 1996 , it was later ported there to Sony 's PlayStation game console in 1997 , to the Sega Saturn ( under the name Layer Section II ) in that same year , and to Windows-based personal computers in 2001 . In North America , it was released for the PlayStation by Working Designs in June 1997 . The PlayStation version was also released in Europe by SCE Europe . It was re-released in 2010 with improved graphics , as RayStorm HD , for the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 ( with the latter version released exclusively in Japan ) . In 2012 , RayStorm was also released for iOS . The game is set hundreds of years in the future . Players must pilot their `` R-Gray '' spacecraft through eight vertically scrolling stages and shoot down enemy ships and vehicles to prevent the forces of the Secilia Federation , a rebellious group of colonies , from destroying Earth . The arcade versions let each player choose one of two ships ; home ports include additional ships and features . RayStorm is one of three `` Ray '' games , all featuring similar gameplay , released by Taito . RayForce was released before RayStorm , and the RayForce prequel RayCrisis was released after the others . RayStorm is most distinguished from its predecessor by its usage of polygon-based ships instead of sprites . The plot of RayStorm , which is minimally revealed in the game itself but further described by the game 's instruction manual and `` Extra Mode '' in home releases , is not connected to the `` Con-Human '' storyline of the other two games . Its PlayStation versions were generally well received by American reviewers , but criticized for short game length and similarities to other games such as Xevious 3D/G + .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea0a93d8dda431079571dfb4ee365ed8", "text": "Development of Duke Nukem Forever The video game Duke Nukem Forever spent fifteen years in development , from 1996 to 2011 . It is a first-person shooter for PC , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , developed by 3D Realms , Triptych Games , Gearbox Software and Piranha Games . It is a sequel to the 1996 game Duke Nukem 3D , as part of the long-running Duke Nukem video game series . Intended to be groundbreaking , Duke Nukem Forever has become infamous in the video games industry and was considered vaporware due to its severely protracted development schedule ; the game had been in development under 3D Realms since 1996 . Director George Broussard , one of the creators of the original Duke Nukem game , first announced the title 's development in April 1997 , and promotional information for the game was released in one form or another from 1997 until its release in 2011 . After repeatedly announcing and deferring release dates , 3D Realms announced in 2001 that it would be released simply `` when it 's done '' . In May 2009 , 3D Realms was downsized for financial reasons , resulting in the loss of the game 's development team . Statements by the company indicated that the project was due to `` go gold '' soon with pictures of final development . Take-Two Interactive , which owns the publishing rights to the game , filed a lawsuit in 2009 against 3D Realms over their `` failure to finish development '' . 3D Realms retorted that Take-Two 's legal interest in the game is limited to their publishing right . The case was settled with prejudice and details undisclosed in May 2010 . On September 3 , 2010 , 14 years after the start of the development , Duke Nukem Forever was officially reported by 2K Games to be in development at Gearbox Software , with an expected release date of 2011 . The official release date was then revealed to be May 3 , 2011 , in North America , with a worldwide release following on May 6 , 2011 . This was however delayed by a month to June 10 internationally with a North American release on June 14 . Duke Nukem Forever was finally released after 15 years of development on June 10 , 2011 , to mostly negative reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf13f8adcca60bf96d9eb8095128661", "text": "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks . It is the fifth main installment in The Elder Scrolls series , following The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion , and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 on November 11 , 2011 . The game 's main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater , a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world . The game is set two hundred years after the events of Oblivion , and takes place in the fictional province of Skyrim . Over the course of the game , the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills . The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time , and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely . Skyrim was developed using the Creation Engine , rebuilt specifically for the game . The team opted for a unique and more diverse game world than Oblivions Imperial Provence of Cyrodiil , which game director and executive producer Todd Howard considered less interesting by comparison . The game was released to critical acclaim , with reviewers particularly mentioning the character development and setting , and is considered to be one of the greatest video games of all time . The game shipped over seven million copies to retailers within the first week of its release , and sold over 30 million copies across all platforms . Three downloadable content ( DLC ) add-ons were released -- Dawnguard , Hearthfire , and Dragonborn -- which were repackaged into The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Legendary Edition , which was released in June 2013 . The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Special Edition , a remastered version of the game , was released for Windows , Xbox One , and PlayStation 4 in October 2016 , which includes all three DLC expansions and a minor graphical upgrade , along with additional features such as modding capabilities on consoles . A port for the Nintendo Switch is planned for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c938045287a83d68520ec8c47b91fb94", "text": "Gears of War 3 Gears of War 3 is a 2011 military science fiction third-person shooter video game developed by Epic Games and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 . Originally due for release on April 8 , 2011 , the game was delayed and eventually released on September 20 , 2011 . Gears of War 3 received more than one million pre-orders . It is the third installment of the Gears of War series . The story was written by science fiction author Karen Traviss . A sequel , titled Gears of War 4 , was announced in June 2015 and was released on October 11 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "69b7edec9b9a263fac61437c4b4dc9b8", "text": "Friendship Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between people . Friendship is a stronger form of interpersonal bond than an association . Friendship has been studied in academic fields such as communication , sociology , social psychology , anthropology , and philosophy . Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed , including social exchange theory , equity theory , relational dialectics , and attachment styles . A World Happiness Database study found that people with close friendships are happier . Although there are many forms of friendship , some of which may vary from place to place , certain characteristics are present in many types of bond . Such characteristics include affection ; sympathy ; empathy ; honesty ; altruism ; mutual understanding and compassion ; enjoyment of each other 's company ; trust ; and the ability to be oneself , express one 's feelings , and make mistakes without fear of judgment from the friend . While there is no practical limit on what types of people can form a friendship , friends tend to share common backgrounds , occupations , or interests and have similar demographics .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "280a6097c1cdb76657468a0baeaff3af", "text": "MediaCommons MediaCommons is an in-development all-electronic scholarly publishing network in media studies , being created in partnership with the Institute for the Future of the Book and with the support of New York University and the National Endowment for the Humanities . MediaCommons established its first presence on the web in November 2006 with a now-defunct development site named `` making MediaCommons , '' and opened its current web site in March 2007 . The first project established on MediaCommons was In Media Res , an ongoing feature in which notable scholars in media studies present and comment upon brief , timely videoclips , aiming to promote dialogue between scholars and the broader public about the significance of media representations and forms . MediaCommons claims among its goals a transformation in scholarly publishing , suggesting that the network `` will not simply shift the locus of publishing from print to screen , but will actually transform what it means to ` publish , ' allowing the author , the publisher , and the reader all to make the process of such discourse just as visible as its product . '' The network promises to speed up the processes of publishing , but also to shift the focus of scholarly publishing back to communication amongst scholars . For this reason , the editors describe MediaCommons as a `` scholarly network '' rather than an electronic journal or press . MediaCommons is also an experiment in reimagining the processes of peer review in the humanities , opening up the process to public debate and discussion , and using both web-based metrics and commentary to create a process of `` peer-to-peer review . '' The backbone of this system is a social networking system currently being built by the NYU Digital Library Technology Services . MediaCommons has thus far published two commentable papers , one on the future of scholarly publishing , and the other on CommentPress , the WordPress theme developed by the Institute for the Future of the Book that allows for paragraph-by-paragraph commenting on lengthy documents . The co-coordinating editors of MediaCommons are Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Avi Santo , and the project draws on the support of an editorial board of scholars from across the digital humanities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b67978c54f4d6a26bfa7a553a5e897e3", "text": "Special Relationship The Special Relationship is the unofficial term for the exceptionally close political , diplomatic , cultural , economic , military and historical relations between the United Kingdom and the United States . It was used in a 1946 speech by Winston Churchill . Although both the United Kingdom and United States have close relationships with many other nations , the level of cooperation between them in economic activity , trade and commerce , military planning , execution of military operations , nuclear weapons technology , and intelligence sharing has been described as `` unparalleled '' among major powers . The United Kingdom and United States have been close allies in numerous military and political conflicts throughout the 20th and 21st centuries including World War I , World War II , the Korean War , the Cold War , the Gulf War , and the War on Terror .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b280b36357cfa0729ccc4f228b4438b", "text": "Trunked radio system A trunked radio system is two-way radio system that uses a control channel to automatically direct radio traffic . Two-way radio systems are either trunked or conventional , where conventional is manually directed by the radio user . Trunking is a more automated and complex radio system , but provides the benefits of less user intervention to operate the radio and greater spectral efficiency with large numbers of users . Instead of assigning , for example , a radio channel to one particular organization at a time , users are instead assigned to a logical grouping , a `` talkgroup '' . When any user in that group wishes to converse with another user in the talkgroup , a vacant radio channel is found automatically by the system and the conversation takes place on that channel . Many unrelated conversations can occur on a channel , making use of the otherwise idle time between conversations . Each radio transceiver contains a microcomputer to control it . A control channel coordinates all the activity of the radios in the system . The control channel computer sends packets of data to enable one talkgroup to talk together , regardless of frequency . The primary purpose of this type of system is efficiency ; many people can carry many conversations over only a few distinct frequencies . Trunking is used by many government entities to provide two-way communication for fire departments , police and other municipal services , who all share spectrum allocated to a city , county , or other entity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "585228ee977ead12b892b93cf2dde4c1", "text": "Friends (Swedish band) Friends was a Swedish dansband or pop group formed in 1999 and made up of Stefan Brunzell , Tony Haglund , Kristian Hermanson , Nina Inhammar , Kim Kärnfalk and Peter Strandberg . They were put together from auditions on the reality television show Friends på turne ( Friends on Tour ) , made by Bert Karlsson for TV4 . The show was a success and Friends competed on Melodifestivalen 2000 , reaching second place . They won Melodifestivalen 2001 with `` Lyssna till ditt hjärta '' and represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 with the English version of the song , `` Listen to Your Heartbeat '' wearing sexy , tight , leather fitted clothing . Prior to the Eurovision performance , the Swedish delegation was forced to pay royalties to the team behind `` Liefde is een kaartspel '' , an earlier Belgian entry , making the song the first admitted case of plagiarism in Eurovision history . The band split in 2002 , with Inhammar and Kärnfalk forming their own duo Nina & Kim , which continued until 2006 , after which Kärnfalk continued as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe592ecef3ddc928e3da6242f88791f9", "text": "Communitarianism Communitarianism is a philosophy that emphasizes the connection between the individual and the community . Its overriding philosophy is based upon the belief that a person 's social identity and personality are largely molded by community relationships , with a smaller degree of development being placed on individualism . Although the community might be a family unit , communitarianism usually is understood , in the wider , philosophical sense , as a collection of interactions , among a community of people in a given place ( geographical location ) , or among a community who share an interest or who share a history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f3d7dfedae1f56f0f766e19dfd0570", "text": "Leslie A. Baxter Leslie A. Baxter ( born 17 January 1949 ) is a scholar in communication studies best known her for research on family and relational communication . Her work is focused on relationships like romantic , marital , and friendships . Her most noteworthy idea was on Relational Dialectics Theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ba944c1f8d1593eb6e531a19b6a7346", "text": "Sara Kiesler Sara Beth ( Greene ) Kiesler is the Hillman Professor of Computer Science and Human Computer Interaction in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University . She received an M.A. degree in psychology from Stanford in 1963 , and a Ph.D. , also in psychology , from Ohio State University in 1965 . Kiesler has broad interests in the design and social impact of computing ranging from computer-mediated communication and computer-supported cooperative work to human-robot interaction . In her early studies with Lee Sproull and her colleagues and students , she examined how computer networking changed group dynamics and social interaction . Their influential 1992 book , Connections described the indirect , secondary effects of using email in organizations . Through field observations and experiments they demonstrated the influence of computer-mediated communication phenomena such as status equalization , personal connections and flaming . Research with Robert E. Kraut from the 1990s showed that everyday use of the Internet increased users ' depression and decreased their social connections . Later research showed that the psychological consequences of Internet use depend fundamentally on how it is used : communication with friends and family online has positive psychological consequences , while communication with strangers has negative effects . Her ongoing projects include studies of collaboration and virtual organization in science , of collaborative analysis online , of the cognitive and social aspects of human-robot and digital agent interaction , and of how people perceive and try to protect their privacy online , . Kiesler was elected to the CHI Academy in 2002 , and was awarded CHI Lifetime Achievement Award , the most prestigious award by SIGCHI in 2009 . She regularly serves on the ACM SIGCHI , CSCW , and HRI conference program committees . She is a past board member of the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academy of Sciences , Editor of the Journal of Human Robot Interaction , a fellow of the American Psychological Association and of the Association for Computing Machinery , and a founding member of the American Psychological Society . She also is a director of the nonprofit research company , American Institutes for Research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "844709134a93cc12a251c3cc4b169300", "text": "Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches . Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist : While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies . Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders . The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components : Sociology ; Social Psychology ; Social Anthropology ; and Personality Theory . The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s . A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10bd35baed34a9fe562023a9e43d6463", "text": "One-way voice link A one-way voice link ( OWVL ) is typically a radio based communication method used by spy networks to communicate with agents in the field typically ( but not exclusively ) using shortwave radio frequencies . Shortwave frequencies were and are generally highly preferred for their long range , as a communications link of 1200 km is easily possible . VHF and UHF frequencies can be used for one-way voice circuits , but are generally not preferred as their range is at best 300 km ( on flat terrain ) . Since the 1970s infrared point-to-point communication systems have been used that offer OWVLs , but the number of users was always limited . This communications system often employs recorders to transmit pre-recorded messages in real time or in burst transmissions , which minimize the time that a spy needs to be on the air . Voice-scrambling systems have been selectively used for this kind of communications circuit since the 1980s , based on operational needs . Since personal computers became cheap and readily available in the 2000s , time compressed voice scrambling for one-way and bi-directional circuits is a practically free technology . OWVLs have existed outside espionage , for example the NICAM transmission system was modified in the UK to allow for an OWVL to BBC mobile units . This OWVL was typically used for sports events , as it was highly flexible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a68c0cf19749a5756d5aa2c48d0373f", "text": "Interpersonal reflex Interpersonal reflex is a term created by Timothy Leary and explained in the book , Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality : A functional theory and methodology for personality evaluation ( 1957 ) . While examining recorded protocols of communications in adults , Leary discovered that typical patterns of interaction existed . Individual units of these behaviors were called interpersonal mechanisms or interpersonal reflexes . ( p 96 ) ; `` They are defined as the observable , expressive units of face-to-face social behavior . '' These reflexes are automatic and involuntary responses to interpersonal situations . They are independent of the content of the communication . They are the individual 's spontaneous methods of reacting to others . Leary states , `` The reflex manner in which human beings react to others and train others to respond to them in selective ways is , I believe , the most important single aspect of personality . The systematic estimates of a patient 's repertoire of interpersonal reflexes is a key factor in functional diagnosis . '' ( p 97 ) . Examining interpersonal reflexes helps to explain communication and behavioral patterns in healthy and unhealthy relationships . For example , tender , supportive operations tend to train others to agree , conciliate , and depend . Rigid autocratic individuals seek out docile admiring followers . Competitive , self-enhancing behavior pulls envy , distrust , inferiority feelings , and at times respectful admiration from others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99c9ff117e0575ba3d523aabfecd8f5c", "text": "Telecommunication Telecommunication is the transmission of signs , signals , messages , words , writings , images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire , radio , optical or other electromagnetic systems . Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between communication participants includes the use of technology . It is transmitted either electrically over physical media , such as cables , or via electromagnetic radiation . Such transmission paths are often divided into communication channels which afford the advantages of multiplexing . The term is often used in its plural form , telecommunications , because it involves many different technologies . Early means of communicating over a distance included visual signals , such as beacons , smoke signals , semaphore telegraphs , signal flags , and optical heliographs . Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages such as coded drumbeats , lung-blown horns , and loud whistles . 20th and 21st century technologies for long-distance communication usually involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies , such as telegraph , telephone , and teleprinter , networks , radio , microwave transmission , fiber optics , and communications satellites . A revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi , who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 . Other notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse ( inventors of the telegraph ) , Alexander Graham Bell ( inventor of the telephone ) , Edwin Armstrong and Lee de Forest ( inventors of radio ) , as well as Vladimir K. Zworykin , John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth ( some of the inventors of television ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea26c9f7a7522d0df2a93a8517da798a", "text": "United States Strategic Communication According to the author Christopher Paul ( RAND ) , Strategic Communication is the `` coordinated actions , messages , images , and other forms of signaling or engagement intended to inform , influence , or persuade selected audiences in support of national objectives . '' There is often debate and discussion concerning what makes strategic communication . Regarding definition , psychological operations , public or civil affairs , information operations and public diplomacy are seemingly the least contested components of U.S. strategic communication . With those components , the most important factor that separates strategic communication from other types of communication is the synchronization and coordination of U.S. efforts . For example , in the National Strategy for Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication , all strategic communication efforts activities should : underscore our commitment to freedom , human rights and the dignity and equality of every human being ; reach out to those who share our ideals ; support those who struggle for freedom and democracy ; and counter those who espouse ideologies of hate and oppression Strategic communication can be a major tool against adversaries that threaten values supported by the United States . U.S. strategic communication promotes democratization and good governance . It proved vital in winning the Cold War . In the 21st Century , it is critical in countering the radical ideologies of the Islamic Republic of Iran , the Muslim Brotherhood , al - Qaeda and other extremist organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8101760cb122c9513e65eec894aecd52", "text": "Interpersonal relationship An interpersonal relationship is a strong , deep , or close association or acquaintance between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring . This association may be based on inference , love , solidarity , regular business interactions , or some other type of social commitment . Interpersonal relationships are formed in the context of social , cultural and other influences . The context can and may and perhaps will vary from family or kinship relations , friendship , marriage , relations with associates , work , clubs , neighborhoods , and places of worship . They may be regulated by law , custom , or mutual agreement , and are the basis of social groups and society as a whole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8aab2fdfbe72fdd1d628bada1bc35b6f", "text": "Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication The Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication JCMC is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the interdisciplinary field of computer-mediated communication . It was established in 1994 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Communication Association . According to the Journal Citation Reports , its 2010 impact factor was 1.958 , ranking it 3rd out of 67 journals in the category `` Communication '' and 13th out of 76 journals in the category `` Information Science & Library Science '' . By 2014 the ISI Journal Citation Reports © Ranking reported JCMC to be 2nd of 76 in the field of Communication , and 4th of 85 in Information Science & Library Science , with an impact factor of 3.117", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d690047f28a8de055d5e247ee11a249", "text": "Animal language Animal languages are forms of non-human animal communication that show similarities to human language . Animals communicate by using a variety of signs such as sounds or movements . Such signing may be considered complex enough to be called a form of language if the inventory of signs is large , the signs are relatively arbitrary , and the animals seem to produce them with a degree of volition ( as opposed to relatively automatic conditioned behaviors or unconditioned instincts , usually including facial expressions ) . In experimental tests , animal communication may also be evidenced through the use of lexigrams ( as used by chimpanzees and bonobos ) . While the term `` animal language '' is widely used , researchers agree that animal languages are not as complex or expressive as human language . Many researchers argue that animal communication lacks a key aspect of human language , that is , the creation of new patterns of signs under varied circumstances . ( In contrast , for example , humans routinely produce entirely new combinations of words . ) Some researchers , including the linguist Charles Hockett , argue that human language and animal communication differ so much that the underlying principles are unrelated . Accordingly , linguist Thomas A. Sebeok has proposed to not use the term `` language '' for animal sign systems . Marc Hauser , Noam Chomsky , and W. Tecumseh Fitch assert an evolutionary continuum exists between the communication methods of animal and human language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "148227e2efccd94d4a2257b64c8d656a", "text": "Organizational communication Organizational communication is a subfield of the larger discipline of communication studies . Organizational communication , as a field , is the consideration , analysis , and criticism of the role of communication in organizational contexts . Its main function is to inform , persuade and promote goodwill . The flow of communication could be either formal or informal . Communication flowing through formal channels are downward , horizontal and upward whereas communication through informal channels are generally termed as grapevine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ac4a857188df4e874db1545eb616d6", "text": "Social graph The social graph in the Internet context is a graph that depicts personal relations of internet users . In short , it is a model or representation of a social network , where the word graph has been taken from graph theory . The social graph has been referred to as `` the global mapping of everybody and how they 're related '' . The term was popularized at the Facebook F8 conference on May 24 , 2007 , when it was used to explain how the newly introduced Facebook Platform would take advantage of the relationships between individuals to offer a richer online experience . The definition has been expanded to refer to a social graph of all Internet users . Since explaining the concept of the social graph , Mark Zuckerberg , one of the founders of Facebook , has often touted Facebook 's goal of offering the website 's social graph to other websites so that a user 's relationships can be put to use on websites outside of Facebook 's control . This can be accomplished through the Facebook Open Graph API . One of the earliest known forms of the social graph was created in 2002 by Harvard student Philippe Bouzaglou in a paper published on the Harvard Department of Economics website . The paper replicated the Kevin Bacon Game using Harvard students and for the first time , gave an overview of an entire social graph , allowing the analysis of the characteristics of the network using graph theory . This paper was written for a seminar that was attended by Dustin Moskovitz who later became a Facebook co-founder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97021b90fbc17f96fa359d1ce250954b", "text": "Language Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000 . However , any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects . Natural languages are spoken or signed , but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory , visual , or tactile stimuli -- for example , in whistling , signed , or braille . This is because human language is modality-independent . Depending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning , when used as a general concept , `` language '' may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication , or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems , or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules . All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings . Oral , manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes , and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances . Human language has the properties of productivity and displacement , and relies entirely on social convention and learning . Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication . Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems , acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality . This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume , and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions . Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain , but especially in Broca 's and Wernicke 's areas . Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood , and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old . The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture . Therefore , in addition to its strictly communicative uses , language also has many social and cultural uses , such as signifying group identity , social stratification , as well as social grooming and entertainment . Languages evolve and diversify over time , and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur . A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes languages as diverse as English , Russian and Hindi ; the Sino-Tibetan family , which includes Mandarin , Bodo and the other Chinese languages , and Tibetan ; the Afro-Asiatic family , which includes Arabic , Somali , and Hebrew ; the Bantu languages , which include Swahili , and Zulu , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa ; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages , which include Indonesian , Malay , Tagalog , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific . The languages of the Dravidian family that are spoken mostly in Southern India include Tamil and Telugu . Academic consensus holds that between 50 % and 90 % of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5a36f40e8b1501f8f51a9981da6426", "text": "Bromance A bromance is a close , emotionally intense , non-sexual bond between two men . It is an exceptionally tight affectional , homosocial male bonding relationship exceeding that of usual friendship , and is distinguished by a particularly high level of emotional intimacy . The emergence of the concept since the beginning of the 21st century has been seen as reflecting a change in societal perception and interest in the theme , with an increasing openness of society in the twenty-first century to reconsider gender , sexuality , and exclusivity constraints .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2597c22c9c6c063045e41512d81c3194", "text": "Intercom An intercom ( intercommunication device ) , talkback or doorphone is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building or small collection of buildings , functioning independently of the public telephone network ( Azori 2016 ) . Intercoms are generally mounted permanently in buildings and vehicles . Intercoms can incorporate connections to public address loudspeaker systems , walkie talkies , telephones , and to other intercom systems . Some intercom systems incorporate control of devices such as signal lights and door latches . There are simple house intercoms and intercoms developed for collective apartments . Some are equipped with video , and its wiring ( electrical installation ) , can be connected to the outside with few pairs ( 4-6 pairs ) while controlling an electric strike . The last generations are even compatible with computers and some models include TCP/IP .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b3276bfe66dd7cd7cb29c0e02628a5c1", "text": "Nikolaj Coster-Waldau Nikolaj Coster-Waldau ( -LSB- neɡ̊olaɪ̯ kʰʌsd̥ɐ ˈʋald̥ɑʊ̯ -RSB- ; born 27 July 1970 ) is a Danish actor , producer and screenwriter . He graduated from Danish National School of Theatre in Copenhagen in 1993 . Coster-Waldau 's breakthrough performance in Denmark was his role in the film Nightwatch ( 1994 ) . Since then he has appeared in numerous films in his native Scandinavia and Europe in general , including Headhunters ( 2011 ) and A Thousand Times Good Night ( 2013 ) . In the United States , his debut film role was in the war film Black Hawk Down ( 2001 ) , playing Medal of Honor recipient Gary Gordon . He then played Detective John Amsterdam in the short-lived Fox television series New Amsterdam ( 2008 ) , as well as appearing as Frank Pike in the 2009 Fox television film Virtuality , originally intended as a pilot . He became widely known to a broad audience for his current role as Ser Jaime Lannister , in the HBO series Game of Thrones . In 2017 , he became one of the highest paid actors on television and earned # 2 million per episode of Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4a7b7dc6507c639331728d04136e0cb", "text": "Game of Thrones Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . It is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire , George R. R. Martin 's series of fantasy novels , the first of which is A Game of Thrones . It is filmed at Titanic Studios in Belfast , on location in the United Kingdom , and in Canada , Croatia , Iceland , Malta , Morocco , Spain , and the United States . The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17 , 2011 , and its sixth season ended on June 26 , 2016 . The series was renewed for a seventh season , which is scheduled to premiere on July 16 , 2017 , and will conclude with its eighth season in 2018 . Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos , Game of Thrones has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast . The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms , with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne . The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm 's deposed ruling dynasty ; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North . Game of Thrones has attracted record viewership on HBO and has a broad , active , international fan base . It has been acclaimed by critics , particularly for its acting , complex characters , story , scope , and production values , although its frequent use of nudity and violence ( including sexual violence ) has attracted criticism . The series has received 38 Primetime Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Drama Series in 2015 and 2016 , more than any other primetime scripted television series . Its other awards and nominations include three Hugo Awards for Best Dramatic Presentation ( 2012 -- 2014 ) , a 2011 Peabody Award , and four nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama ( 2012 and 2015 -- 2017 ) . Of the ensemble cast , Peter Dinklage has won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ( 2011 and 2015 ) and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film ( 2012 ) for his performance as Tyrion Lannister . Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke , Kit Harington , Maisie Williams , Diana Rigg , and Max von Sydow have also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for their performances in the series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4966e2ea4e5678deee7f49105cdde4e", "text": "Copyright law of the Netherlands According to the Dutch Copyright Law ( called Auteurswet ) , a Dutch copyright ( called auteursrecht ) is the exclusive right of the author of a work of literature , science or art , to publish and duplicate such work ( article 1 ) . A copyright comes into existence by making the work . No formalities , such as copyright registration , are necessary to obtain a copyright . The duration of a copyright is 70 years after the death of the author ( article 37 ) . The term `` work '' includes many materials , such as books , brochures , films , photographs , musical works , works of visual art and geographical maps ( article 10 ) . Further , the Dutch Supreme Court has ruled that to be considered a work , it should have its own , original character with the personal imprint of the author ( HR 4 January 1991 , NJ 1991 , 608 ( Van Dale/Romme ) ) . The exclusive right to publish a work includes amongst others the publication of a copy of ( part of ) the work , the public recitation thereof and to rent or lend ( part of ) the work to public institutions ( article 12 ) . The exclusive right to duplicate a work includes amongst others the recording , the translation , the music arrangement and the adaptation for the screen of the work ( article 13 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bde060545cea103425cd5f731f628f0e", "text": "Michael Pärt Michael Pärt , sometimes spelled `` Michael Paert '' , ( born 17 August 1977 in Tallinn , Estonia ; -LSB- ˈpær̺t -RSB- ) , holds a master 's degree in `` Composing for Film and TV '' from Kingston University in London and is a Music Producer/Music Editor . He is the son of classical composer Arvo Pärt and co-founder and chairman of the board of the Arvo Pärt Centre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b861453d95348770e3b7243661d6040e", "text": "Peter Berling Peter Berling ( born 20 March 1934 in Meseritz-Obrawalde , Posen-West Prussia ) is a German actor and writer . He has worked on several occasions with director Werner Herzog , in his collaborations with actor Klaus Kinski . In several of his medieval novels , Berling has drawn on conspiracy theories based on the Priory of Sion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17a24a7feb32b6243ae2f7bf80bcd18", "text": "Those Who Kill Those Who Kill ( Den som dræber ) is a Danish crime TV series from 2011 , which follows a fictitious unit within Copenhagen Police which specialises in investigating serial murders . The series was aired as five two-part stories in Denmark ( i.e. ten episodes in total ) , but has aired as five feature-length episodes in most other countries . A separate 92 minutes feature film , Fortidens skygge , which forms a continuation and ending of the series , premiered in Danish cinemas on 15 March 2012 , and is being aired as a final , sixth episode of the series in many other countries , such as the UK and Germany . The series is created and written by Elsebeth Egholm and Stefan Jaworski , with various other screenwriters helping out as episode writers , among them Siv Rajendram , Rikke De Fine Licht and Morten Dragsted . Directors have been Birger Larsen , Niels Nørløv and Kasper Barfoed . The series is a Danish-German-Swedish-Norwegian co-production . Although originally planned to run for several seasons , Danish TV2 announced in October 2011 that there would be no further seasons made , due to falling viewer shares after the first few episodes . TV2 programming manager Keld Reinicke stated that , `` We have no plans to continue the series as it never gave us the audience share we expected in Denmark . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46723f9f9140780b7b0b13c7cedfc9c8", "text": "Paul Verhoeven Paul Verhoeven ( -LSB- ˈpʌu̯l vərˈɦuvə ( n ) -RSB- ; born 18 July 1938 ) is a Dutch film director , film producer , television director , television producer , and screenwriter . Verhoeven is active in both the Netherlands and Hollywood . Explicit violent and/or sexual content and social satire are trademarks of both his drama and science fiction films . He is best known for directing the films RoboCop ( 1987 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , Showgirls ( 1995 ) , Starship Troopers ( 1997 ) , and Elle ( 2016 ) . Verhoeven 's film Turkish Delight ( 1973 ) received the award for Best Dutch Film of the Century at the Netherlands Film Festival . His films altogether received a total of nine Academy Award nominations , mainly for editing and effects . Verhoeven won the Saturn Award for Best Director for Robocop . His Dutch war film Black Book ( 2006 ) was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language , and was voted the best Dutch film ever by the Dutch public in 2008 . In contrast , he won the Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture and Worst Director for Showgirls ( 1995 ) ; he is one of the few people to have accepted their award ( s ) in person . The Seattle Times praised Verhoeven by saying , `` Director Paul Verhoeven often appears to be a one-man Dutch movie industry , '' while The San Diego Union called Verhoeven `` a busy bee whose movies pollinate the festival circuit . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f10f98fce5f9391cc842096800546e4", "text": "Dominicus Custos Dominicus Custos ( 1560 -- 1612 ) was a Flemish artist , printer and copperplate engraver , who worked in the service of Emperor Rudolph II in Prague . Dominicus was born in Antwerp , the son of Pieter Balten , and settled in Augsburg as the second husband of the widow of Bartholomäus Kilian ( 1548 -- 1588 ) , a goldsmith from Silesia and the father of Wolfgang and Lukas Kilian ; they were trained by Dominicus in the art of engraving after their father 's death . Dominicus was the father of David Custodis , also an Augsburg engraver . Custos and the humanist Marcus Henning collaborated in producing the work `` Tirolensium principum comitum '' which appeared in 1599 and depicted 28 Counts of Tyrol from Albert IV ( 1190 -- 1253 ) to Rudolf II ( 1552 -- 1612 ) . Custos was responsible for the engravings while Henning took care of the text and eulogies . ( see The Spanish Hall at Schloss Ambras ) Between 1602 and 1604 he published the `` Atrium heroicum '' in four parts . This was a collection of 171 engraved portraits of rulers , nobles , statesmen , dignitaries , celebrities , military leaders and important businessmen of the 16th century , and was the equivalent of a modern Who 's Who . Custos ' stepsons , Wolfgang and Lukas assisted in the work , and later his three own sons contributed . Portraits from his previous collections `` Fuggerorum et Fuggerarum Imagine '' ( 1593 ) and `` Tirolensium principum comitum Eicon '' ( 1599 ) were included . The wide geographical coverage of his work is noteworthy - many European and even some eastern countries are represented . The work , with a few exceptions , is completely dominated by male notables . The Latin inscriptions were again penned by Marcus Henning of Augsburg , since Custos had little proficiency in the language . Custos also produced `` Armamentarium Heroicum '' , a collection of 125 engravings after drawings by Giovanni Battista Fontana , and showing the arms collection of Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol who had started an arms museum in Ambras Palace near Innsbruck . The plates are accompanied by biographical text on the original owners of the armour and written by the Archduke 's secretary , Jacob Schrenck von Notzing . Custos died in Augsburg . His sons Raphael , David and Jacob Custos continued his workshop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a25d70ee151fa02d44738ed344fec8f", "text": "The Splendid Source `` The Splendid Source '' is the 19th episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . Directed by Brian Iles and written by Mark Hentemann , the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 16 , 2010 . The episode follows Peter , Joe and Quagmire as they set out on a journey to find the ultimate source of all the world 's dirty jokes . Along the way , the group is reunited with their old friend , Cleveland Brown , while traveling through Stoolbend , Virginia . Their journey becomes much more difficult than expected when they are kidnapped and taken to a remote island . There , they discover a secret society of the world 's greatest geniuses at the center of all the world 's dirty jokes . The plot is based on a short story of the same name written by Richard Matheson and first published in the May 1956 edition of Playboy magazine . The episode was a follow-up to the departure of main character Cleveland Brown , who was removed from Family Guy to become the center of the spin-off The Cleveland Show . Former series writer and cast member Mike Henry returned to the series to provide the voice of Cleveland . The episode also featured the first official crossover between Family Guy and The Cleveland Show , and included cameo appearances by several of The Cleveland Shows main characters . The episode was first announced at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con International . Critical response to the episode was favorable . Critics praised the episode for its original premise , and its under-reliance on cultural references , but criticized the episode 's plot . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.59 million homes in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances by Marc Alaimo , Gary Cole , Ioan Gruffudd , Sanaa Lathan , David Lynch , Kevin Michael Richardson and Wally Wingert , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` The Splendid Source '' was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "375ca29acf4e7170520cb467794887ea", "text": "Willeke Wendrich Willemina Zwanida `` Willeke '' Wendrich ( born 13 September 1961 , Haarlem ) is a Dutch and/or American Egyptologist and archaeologist . Wendrich completed her Ph.D. at the Centre for Asian , African and Amerindian Studies ( CNWS -RSB- ) at Leiden University in the Netherlands in 1993 . The topic of her dissertation was Ethnoarchaeology and the social context of Ancient Egyptian basketry , which was subsequently published as The World According to Basketry by the CIoA Press in June 1999 . From 1995 to 1999 Wendrich was an assistant professor of Egyptian archaeology at Leiden University , stationed at the Netherlands Institute for Archaeology and Arabic Studies in Cairo . In 2000 , Wendrich moved to Los Angeles and became an assistant professor in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at the University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) . Currently Wendrich holds the Joan Silsbee Chair in African Cultural Archaeology after becoming promoted to full professor in 2009 . Wendrich has participated in projects at Çatal Höyük , Amarna , and Elephantine , and directed excavations of her own . From 1994 to 2002 , she was co-director of excavations at the Roman port city of Berenike on the Egyptian Red Sea coast with Prof. Sidebotham from the University of Delaware . Since 2003 Wendrich has been working in the Fayum region of Egypt on the North shore of Lake Qarun in cooperation with René Cappers of the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen and Simon Holdaway of the University of Auckland on the URU . The Fayum Project URU includes excavation work on both a variety of Neolithic and Graeco-Roman period sites , including Karanis ( Kom Aushim ) . Work on the Neolithic materials resulted in the discovery of the evidence for farming in Egypt at the site Kom K. Wendrich has been involved in archaeological education as the chairperson of the board of directors at the Institute for Field Research . In addition to her field research , Wendrich has been involved in a number of digital humanities initiatives at UCLA . She is editor-in-chief of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology , a collaborative project aimed at providing accurate , open-source articles on a wide range of Egyptological topics . In collaboration with members of the Deutsches Archäologisches Insitut , Kairo , Wendrich developed the Aegeron ( Ancient Egyptian Architecture Online ) project . Wendrich has also been the director of the Center for Digital Humanities at UCLA since 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7e3c92fdd7b9d2c4eae82d45f47519d", "text": "Ingo Petzke Ingo Petzke ( born 18 September 1947 in Belm near Osnabrück in Germany ) is an internationally acknowledged German film scholar , filmmaker and author . Ingo Petzke grew up in Osnabrück . He attended the Münster and Bochum universities and received his master 's degree in 1973 ( Journalism , Scandinavian Studies , Modern History ) . Petzke started his professional career in 1976 in Bad Oeynhausen as one of Germany 's youngest directors of an adult education school but fell more and more to the lure of Film . For several years he worked in the Festivalkommission of Internationale Kurzfilmtage Oberhausen and together with his students ( Heiko Daxl and others ) started the Osnabrück Experimentalfilm Workshop in 1980 which since 1988 is known as European Media Art Festival . In 1974 he was adjunct lecturer for film at Ruhr Universität Bochum and between 1978 -- 1983 at Universität Osnabrück . Since then he lectured in 29 countries , among them New Zealand , Hong Kong , Chile , Argentina , the US of A and Canada . In 1986 the Philippine government awarded him for „ International Contribution to Philippine Independent Cinema `` His ( experimental ) shorts screened at numerous domestic and foreign festivals . 1976 -- 2000 his company CINE PRO acted as sole German distributor specialised in Avant-garde/Experimental Film . During the 80s Petzke was a member of the Film Commission of Goethe-Institut - German Culture Institute , for which he curated several packages of Experimental films and Shorts . Since 1983 Petzke has been Professor for Film at the Design Faculty of the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt . He lived and worked several turns in Australia : 1992 as Visiting Professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane and 2001 - 2006 as Associate Professor at Bond University on the Gold Coast . In 2004 he earned his `` PhD by Published Works '' about Experimental Film . Additionally , he was awarded a Dr. phil . degree in 2006 at Universität Osnabrück with a film historical dissertation about Hollywood-based Australian feature film director Phillip Noyce . In 2008 he was appointed Adjunct Professor at the James Cook University 's School of Creative Arts and in 2009 appointed Honorary Fellow of the Cairns Institute ( For Research in the Tropics ) , both in Far-North Queensland , Australia . His main areas of interest are the history of the international Avant-garde ( since 2008 , he is also Director of the ( German ) Research Center for Experimental Film ) and more recently Australian film . Also , he has frequently done research into curriculum development , particularly for the German Federal government . Petzke is a member of the German Film Critics Association ( VdFk ) and of Screen Producers Association of Australia ( SPAA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea2b79112a0a5c8a1f775dd72cbc60c", "text": "Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) . Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree . Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s . Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "394f3b2af736c87529bd6a5a9ab8a5c0", "text": "Guido Seeber Guido Seeber ( 22 June 1879 in Chemnitz -- 2 July 1940 in Berlin ) was a German cinematographer and pioneer of early cinema . Seeber 's father , Clemens , was a photographer and therefore Seeber had experience with photography from an early age . In the summer of 1896 , he saw the first films of the Lumière Brothers and became fascinated by this new technology . He bought a film camera and devoted himself to the development of cinematography and of sound films . In 1908 he became technical manager of the film company Deutsche Bioscop and in 1909 directed his first film . His pioneering work as a cinematographer from this time on laid the foundations which other cameramen of German silent film such as Karl Freund , Fritz Arno Wagner and Carl Hoffman were able to build . In addition to his technical talents with the camera ( he developed several special effects techniques ) , his use of perspective and skillful contrasts between light and dark are noteworthy . His main collaborators were the directors Urban Gad , Lupu Pick , Georg Wilhelm Pabst und Paul Wegener and among his most important accomplishments are the shots of the Doppelgänger in Wegener 's Der Student von Prag ( The Student of Prague ) of 1913 and the moving camera shots in the films of Lupu Pick , particularly Sylvester ( 1923 ) , which can be seen as anticipating the so-called `` unchained camera '' of Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau 's The Last Laugh ( 1924 ) . Seeber created several animated works , including an advertisement entitle Kipho or Du musst zur Kipho ( You Must Go to Kino-Photo ) for a film and photography exhibition in Berlin in 1925 . Seeber continued to work into the sound era , but his work from this period is less significant . He had suffered a stroke in 1932 and after this he largely retired from active camera operation . However , he continued to be involved in the film industry , taking over the management of UFA 's animation department in 1935 and publishing several books for amateur filmmakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a4484a2b81d268ee14df3852f76cdd3", "text": "A. den Doolaard A. den Doolaard ( -LSB- aː ʔdɛnˈdoːlaːrt -RSB- , А . ден Долард , A. den Dolard , -LSB- ˈaʔ dɛnˈdɔlart -RSB- , Zwolle , February 7 , 1901 -- Hoenderloo , June 26 , 1994 ) is the pseudonym of the Dutch writer and journalist Cornelis Johannes George ( Bob ) Spoelstra Jr. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0776e21dda0c43f639e0582f471acf13", "text": "Donald Sumpter Donald Sumpter ( born 13 February 1943 ) is an English actor , known for his work in film and television since the mid-1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5bbd3fa7ca82f2987f36baaf2300c4d", "text": "Shamus Culhane James `` Shamus '' Culhane ( November 12 , 1908 -- February 2 , 1996 ) was an American animator , film director , and film producer . Culhane worked for a number of American animation studios , including Fleischer Studios , the Ub Iwerks studio , Walt Disney Productions , and the Walter Lantz studio . He began his animation career in 1925 working for J.R. Bray studios , and is known for promoting the animation talents of his inker/assistant at the Fleischer Studios in the early 1930s , Lillian Friedman Astor , making her the first female studio animator . While at the Disney studio , he discovered while working on Hawaiian Holiday '' 's crab sequence an animation method that involved stewing for multiple days , before drawing the entire thing in rough sketches all at once , straight ahead . He was a lead animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , animating arguably the most well-known sequence in the film , the animation of the dwarves marching home singing `` Heigh-Ho '' . The scene took Culhane and his assistants six months to complete . During this time he developed his `` High-speed '' technique of animating with quick dashed-off sketches . He also worked as an animator on Pinocchio , where he worked on Honest John and Gideon . However , he was left uncredited on the film . During the production of the film he left Disney to work at Fleischer Studios . While there , he worked as an animator on the films Gulliver 's Travels and Mr. Bug Goes to Town . In 1944 , he collaborated on The Greatest Man in Siam with the layout artist Art Heinemann . In that animation , `` the king of Siam bolts past doorways that are distinctly phallic in shape and peers at another that mimics a vagina . '' Later in his career , Culhane worked briefly in Chuck Jones 's unit at Warner Bros , before moving on to being a director for Lantz , where he helmed Woody Woodpecker 's 1944 classic , The Barber of Seville , the cartoon famous for one of the first uses of fast cutting , after taking the idea from Sergei Eisenstein . At Lantz , he introduced Russian avant-garde influenced experimental art into the cartoons . In the late-1940s , he founded Shamus Culhane Productions ( Culhane had gone by his birthname of James up until this point , before going by its Irish variant Shamus ) , one of the first companies to create animated television commercials . It also produced the animation for at least one of the Bell Telephone Science Series films . Shamus Culhane Productions folded in the 1960s , at which point Culhane became the head of the successor to Fleischer Studios , Paramount Cartoon Studios . He left the studio in 1967 , and went into semi-retirement . Culhane wrote two highly regarded books on animation : the how-to/textbook Animation from Script to Screen , and his autobiography Talking Animals and Other People '' . Since Culhane worked for a number of major Hollywood animation studios , his autobiography gives a balanced general overview of the history of the Golden Age of American Animation . At his death on February 2 , 1996 , Culhane was survived by his fourth wife , the former Juana Hegarty , and by two sons from his third marriage , to Maxine Marx ( the daughter of Chico Marx ) : Brian Culhane of Seattle and Kevin Marx Culhane of Portland , Ore. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "410cc3773604d3c73c6ba03fcb611655", "text": "WALTIC WALTIC ( Writers ' and Literary Translators ' International Congress ) - `` The Value of Words '' , is a bi-annual international literary congress founded and owned by The Swedish Writers ' Union . Having its premier launch in Stockholm between 29 June and 2 July 2008 , WALTIC 's aim and thematic scope is divided in accordance to three key elements : Increase literacy , Safeguard freedom of expression , and Strengthen authors ' rights . WALTIC 2008 keynote speakers were Mia Couto and Nawal El-Saadawi . Among the invited speakers present were Türker Armaner , Antonia Arslan , Yusuf Azemoun , Karin Barber , Ann Louise Bardach , Abdelkader Benali , Charles Bernstein , Calixthe Beyala , Giannina Braschi , David Brookshaw , Mircea Cărtărescu , Mauro Covacich , Tsitsi Dangarembga , Assia Djebar , Gamal el-Ghitany , Horace Engdahl , James English , Filip Florian , Jean-Claude Guédon , Josef Haslinger , Rafael Hernández , Ho Anh Thai , Uzodinma Iweala , Clara Janés , Eileen Julien , Jonas Hassen Khemiri , Jamaica Kincaid , Antije Krog , Leevi Lehto , Eileen Julien , Henning Mankell , Ana Menendez , Gcina Mhlope , Rosa Montero , Bharati Mukherjee , Herta Müller , Simone Murray , Sonia Nimr , Saliha Paker , Elena Poniatowska , Philip Pullman , Laura Restrepo , Rodrigo Rey Rosa , Hans Rosling , Alfian Bin Sa'at , Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak , Dava Sobel , Muniz Sodré , Saša Stanišic , Krister Stoor , Farzaneh Taheri , Shaun Tan , Yoko Tawada , Dubravka Ugrešic , Leonardo Valencia , Binyavanga Wainaina ( not present due to illness ) , Frank Westerman , Wu Ming , and more . WALTIC 2008 honorary guest was poet Tomas Tranströmer . `` I am glad to participate in the WALTIC congress because it is devoted to democracy , and the act of reading is a very good example of pure democracy in action , '' said writer Philip Pullman when asked about his participation in the 2008 congress . Chairman of The Swedish Writers ' Union and President of WALTIC 2008 : Mats Söderlund . Program Committee : Gabriella Håkansson and Henrik C. Enbohm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42309d88b4e536280f35ae1da010362", "text": "Man of Marble Man of Marble ( Człowiek z marmuru ) is a 1976 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda . It chronicles the fall from grace of a fictional heroic Polish bricklayer , Mateusz Birkut ( played by Jerzy Radziwiłowicz ) , who became the Stakhanovite symbol of an over-achieving worker , in Nowa Huta , a new ( real life ) socialist city near Kraków . Agnieszka , played by Krystyna Janda in her first role , is a young filmmaker who is making her diploma film ( a student graduation requirement ) on Birkut , whose whereabouts seems to have been lost two decades later . The title refers to the propagandist marble statues made in Birkut 's image . It is somewhat of a surprise that Wajda would have been able to make such a film , sub silentio attacking the socialist realism of Nowa Huta , revealing the use of propaganda and political corruption during the period of Stalinism . The film director presaged the loosening grip of the Soviets that came with the Solidarity Movement , though it has been acknowledged by Polish film historians that due to censorship the script languished in development hell since 1962 . The film extensively uses original documentation footage from the construction of Nowa Huta and other subjects of Poland 's early communist era , as well as the propagandist/inspirational music of Stalinist Poland . Agnieszka has trouble making the film from archival sources and museum collections and from interviews with people whose answers provide partial information on Birkut 's life , but who do n't seem to know about his current location or situation . The authorities decide that the young student digs too deeply into the recent past and inform her that their permission to create the movie is withdrawn ; her equipment and the materials she gathered are confiscated . Agnieszka 's father speculates that there must be a single specific reason for the authorities ' fear of further disclosure and suggests that she should locate Birkut and talk to him to find out more , even if she is no longer involved in making the film . With this inspiration , Agnieszka tracks down Mateusz 's son , Maciej , in the Gdańsk Shipyard . ( Both father and son , Mateusz and Maciej , are played by the same actor : Jerzy Radziwiłowicz . ) Agnieszka learns from Maciej that his father died years ago . The ending of Man of Marble leaves the death of Mateusz Birkut ambiguous . In his script , Wajda had wanted to reveal that Mateusz had been killed in clashes at the shipyards in 1970 , a major confrontation that prefigured the rise of Solidarity ten years later , but he was prevented by censorship . In 1981 , Wajda filmed Man of Iron , a follow-up to Man of Marble , which depicts Maciej 's subsequent involvement in the Polish anti-Communist workers ' movement . Man of Iron extensively deals with Mateusz 's killing in the clashes of 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c30a55af3c301611372e82772d70b2f1", "text": "Ubisoft Ubisoft Entertainment SA ( formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment Software ) , doing business as Ubisoft ( formerly Ubi Soft ) , is a French multinational video game publisher , headquartered in Rennes , France . It is known for developing games for several acclaimed video game franchises including Assassin 's Creed , Far Cry , Just Dance , Prince of Persia , Rayman , and Tom Clancy 's .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "aaaa1a67e30dfbdc44bd9c8e4d38b31c", "text": "Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle ( Entertainment Software Self-Regulation , abbreviated USK ) is the organisation responsible for video game ratings in Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e678368d7782b25035a28c03c2c618dd", "text": "Bandai Namco Holdings , also known as the Bandai Namco Group , is a Japanese holding company which was formed from the merger of Bandai and Namco on September 29 , 2005 . It specializes in toys , video games , arcades , anime , and amusement parks . The company 's headquarters are based in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Their US branch , Bandai Namco Holdings USA , was officially formed on January 6 , 2008 , and handles the US operations of the company from their headquarters in Cypress , California . The main business of Bandai Namco Holdings consists of the design and implementation of management strategies for the conglomerate and providing support for the overall business of its subsidiaries . Its task is to bring Namco and Bandai into one organized brand . Namco Bandai also supply various arcade machines to movie theaters and arcades across the globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d44ed1aafeeb7b2c7e2fc2ec3eb0b54c", "text": "Gaijin Entertainment Gaijin Entertainment is a Russian video game developer and publisher established in 2002 . It is the largest independent video games developer in Russia , known for War Thunder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "274fb8bea56f5c13d1a1962ac51979a5", "text": "Conspiracy Entertainment Conspiracy Entertainment ( formerly Conspiracy Games ) is an American third-party developer video game publisher , publishing games from smaller companies that would face difficulties distributing games themselves . The company has also developed a few games of its own . Conspiracy Entertainment is currently publishing UMD videos for the PlayStation Portable and games for the Wii console .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c68d80e3ad74a9121f8fd42de4863c", "text": "FromSoftware is a Japanese video game company founded in November 1986 . The company is known primarily outside of Japan for being the developers of the Armored Core and Souls series , as well as Bloodborne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bef5d1da732c5e538db2ca258957b020", "text": "Quebecor Quebecor Inc. is a communications company based in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It has been spelled Quebecor in both English and French until May 2012 when shareholders voted to add the acute accent , Québecor , in French only . It was founded by Pierre Péladeau , and remains run by his family . Quebecor Inc. owns 75 % of Quebecor Media and also formerly owned the printing company Quebecor World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08ba3608541ab5eef02e4f95361138db", "text": "Intelligent Systems is a Japanese video game developer closely affiliated with Nintendo and best known for developing the Fire Emblem , Wars , and Paper Mario series . Originally , the company was headquartered at the Nintendo Kyoto Research Center in Higashiyama-ku , Kyoto , but later moved to a building near Nintendo 's main headquarters in October 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "537f82acd6b88a34c44e7011b44d993e", "text": "Groupe Lucien Barrière Groupe Barrière operates casinos in France , Switzerland and elsewhere in Europe . The group also operates in the French luxury hotel industry and in the catering and leisure industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea96a8a50eec8710d680775e3df01bd", "text": "List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide . Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games . For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cd18bcf79d38cd465a48813291ac52a", "text": "Altron is a Japanese video game developer and publisher located in Shinagawa , Tokyo , Japan operating since 1983 . It has developed or published games for the Nintendo 64 , PlayStation , Sega Saturn , Super NES , Genesis , Nintendo Entertainment System , Nintendo DS , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , and Nintendo 3DS video game systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80955cd1c48a73d72e92de0b52133625", "text": "Kalisto Entertainment Kalisto Entertainment was a French video game development company founded by Nicolas Gaume at age 19 . The company began as Atreid Concept in 1990 and later created the distribution label Kalisto in 1992 , which became Kalisto Entertainment 's namesake . In late 1993 Atreid Concept became part of Mindscape Inc. as Mindscape Bordeaux . Nicolas Gaume later bought Mindscape Bordeaux back in 1996 , and renamed the company Kalisto Entertainment . Kalisto Entertainment declared bankruptcy in 2002 , and company officials were found without fault by a criminal court in 2006 . Civil trials are still under way . Nicolas Gaume was condemned to pay 200,000 euros by the French Stock Market Authority for repeated misinformation of his stockholders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2dd71cd472a15eee10544e3ee9b8109", "text": "General Entertainment was a Japanese film production company and video game developer . The company filed for bankruptcy in August 12 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07863a8039a4ba96dbaca403bedd70bf", "text": "Xseed Games Xseed Games is an American video game publishing , localization , and distribution company founded as a subsidiary of the Japanese Marvelous group . Their goal is to bring high-quality interactive entertainment to the North American market . They provide sales services for video games and related materials , as well as marketing support services mainly for Japanese corporations looking to market general consumer goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c1c7f25996774666c125766d593923e", "text": "Video gaming in France Video gaming in France is one of the largest markets in Europe . The French government give special tax breaks to video game companies . In 2014 , the French diplomatic service released a report which calculates the profit generated by the French video game industry at $ 2.7 billion . It states that there are 300 video game companies in France . It estimates the number of jobs directly related to the video game industry at 5000 . It estimates the number of indirect jobs created by the video game industry at 10,000 . The report found that in 2013 , around 8 out of 10 people had played a video game in the last 12 months . In France video games have equal status as an artform , alongside more traditional formats like painting and theatre . In 2016 , the French Minister of State for Digital Affairs , Axelle Lemaire , held talks with various French video game industry figureheads to find solutions to the problem of misogyny in video games . She mooted solutions like removing tax credits for publishers who publish games with misogynistic content , and creating a label which would identify video games with positive representations of women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b019fc0474b4c2723c2cd930edf5c5", "text": "SFR SFR ( an orphan acronym of Société française du radiotéléphone ) is a French telecommunications company that provides voice , video , data , and Internet telecommunications and professional services to consumers and businesses . As of December 2015 , it has 21.9 million customers in Metropolitan France for mobile services , and provides 6.35 million households with high-speed internet access . It also offers services in the Overseas Departments of France : in the Caribbean islands of Martinique , Guadeloupe , and in Guyane as well as in the Indian Ocean , in Mayotte and on the Réunion island through SRR ( Société Réunionnaise du Radiotéléphone ) although the company is branded as SFR Réunion . SFR is owned by Altice and French conglomerate Vivendi . Vodafone had a 44 % share in SFR until April 2011 when it sold the entire share back to Vivendi . SFR is a major partner network of Vodafone in France . SFR ( SFR Belux ) operated in Belgium as a cable operator and MVNO in some communes of Brussels Region and in some areas of Luxembourg . The division was sold to rival Telenet in December 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00580fb664d3dcad79535d0d8e73692d", "text": "Game (retailer) Game Digital plc is the parent company of Game Retail Limited , a British video game company that trades under the Game brand , stylised as GAME . The company 's origins lie in the founding of the Rhino Group by Terry Norris and Bev Ripley in 1991 . A number of mergers and acquisitions followed during the 1990s , and in 1999 , the company was purchased by Electronics Boutique Limited , which rebranded itself as The Game Group . The company continued to expand during the 2000s , purchasing several retailers including Gameswizards in Australia . In March 2012 , several suppliers , including Nintendo , Electronic Arts and Capcom refused to supply their latest products due to concerns over Game 's creditworthiness . Game subsequently entered administration on 26 March 2012 , and was purchased by OpCapita the following week . Baker Acquisitions was subsequently renamed Game Retail Ltd. . The company operated in the United Kingdom under the Game and Gamestation brands from the acquisition of the latter in May 2007 until late-2012 , when it was announced that the business would focus solely on the Game brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ed35a2f5fd138103d423e6c63dc4d8", "text": "Nintendo Nintendo Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto , Japan . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization . Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi , it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels . The word Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as `` leave luck to heaven '' . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s , ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan 's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $ 85 billion . From 1992 until 2016 , Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball 's Seattle Mariners . , Nintendo has cumulative sales of over 670.43 million hardware units and 4.23 billion software units . The company has created and released some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , and Pokémon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b885765480e49211c4941163206dc379", "text": "Atari Interactive Atari Interactive is a name used by several separate groups and corporations since the mid-1990s . In 1996 , it was the name of Atari Corporation 's PC publishing division , bringing games like the Atari Jaguar 's Tempest 2000 to the PC platform . From 1998 to 2001 , Atari Interactive , Inc. was the name of the corporate entity that held the Atari properties purchased from JTS by Hasbro in 1998 , and functioned as the retro publishing subsidiary of Hasbro Interactive . It is currently the name of a wholly owned subsidiary of Atari , SA ( formerly Infogrames ) , who is the current owner of the Atari brand and various other properties formerly belonging to Hasbro Interactive . It was formed in 2001 , when IESA acquired Hasbro Interactive and proceeded to rename it to Infogrames Interactive . In 2003 , IESA then changed the company name entirely to Atari Interactive , Inc. as part of its worldwide reorganization to focus on use of the Atari brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0da4fadb218ae708d767ce878b6fb44", "text": "37Games 37Games ( officially Sanqi Interactive Entertainment ) is an international browser and mobile game developer and publisher . Its gaming platform covers North America , Europe , mainland China , Hong Kong , Taiwan , South Korea , and several Southeast Asia countries such as Malaysia , Thailand , Vietnam , Philippines and Singapore . 37Games is registered in Shanghai and has branch offices in Beijing , Guangzhou , Chengdu , Hong Kong , and Taiwan . In 2014 , 37Games went public on China 's A-Share stock market ( Stock code : 002555 ) . 37Games currently has more than 2000 employees . 37Games ranks no. 23rd amongst top 100 internet companies in China in 2015 . 37Games is also the second biggest browser game platform behind Tencent , taking 13.3 % in the Chinese browser game market share . By February 28 , 2015 , the registrations in Mainland China alone had exceeded 400 millions . 37Games ' mainland China website operates over 300 games with monthly revenues exceeding 220 million CNY . 37Games is also the founder and host of the Chinese International Game Conference , which aims at providing a communication platform for gaming companies from around the globe . 37Games English platform currently has 9 browser-based games and 1 mobile game available.The growing portfolio includes browser games Guardians of Divinity , Felspire , Nightfalls , Siegelord and the mobile game Fusion War . 37Games also publishes games in the French market with Dawn Of Kings ( Siegelord ) , Le Crépuscule des dieux ( Guardians Of Divinity ) and Felspire , and in the German market and Turkish language speaking market . In the first half of 2016 , 37Games 's Portuguese platform will go live .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e8b297360ebc066af4a4b015a35313c6", "text": "Drake (musician) Aubrey Drake Graham ( born October 24 , 1986 ) better known by the stage name Drake , is a Canadian rapper , singer , songwriter , record producer , and actor . Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi : The Next Generation in the early 2000s . Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper , he departed the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape , Room for Improvement . He released two further independent projects , Comeback Season and So Far Gone , before signing to Lil Wayne 's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009 . Drake released his debut studio album Thank Me Later in 2010 , which debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was soon certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . His next two releases were 2011 's Take Care and 2013 's Nothing Was the Same , with certifications of quadruple and triple platinum respectively in the U.S. , with the former also earning him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . They were followed by two mixtapes , with the trap-influenced If You 're Reading This It 's Too Late , and a collaboration with Future for What a Time to Be Alive , in 2015 , which both also earned platinum certification in the U.S. Drake released his fourth album , Views , in 2016 , breaking several chart records in the process . The dancehall-influenced album sat atop the Billboard 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks , becoming the first album by a solo male to do so in over 10 years . Its single `` One Dance '' topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , where it became his first number-one single as the lead artist . This saw Drake leading the Billboard Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 simultaneously for eight weeks , coming close to a record held by Whitney Houston . It achieved quadruple platinum status in the U.S. , and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release . The single `` Hotline Bling '' secured him his second and third Grammy win , for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song , at the organization 's 59th ceremony . Drake released the multi-genre More Life in 2017 . Described by Drake as a playlist , it was his seventh consecutive number one on the Billboard 200 , and set multiple streaming records . Drake owns several Billboard chart records . He has the most charted songs ( 154 ) among solo artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 , the most simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week ( 24 ) , and the most Hot 100 debuts in a week ( 21 ) . Drake also has the most number one singles on the Hot Rap Songs , Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay and Rhythmic Charts . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , Drake has won three Juno Awards and six American Music Awards . Drake has developed other ventures , including his OVO Sound record label with longtime collaborator Noah `` 40 '' Shebib . Drake acts as a producer , producing under the pseudonym of Champagne Papi . Using the `` OVO '' moniker , Drake has his own clothing line and his own program on Beats 1 Radio . He is also currently acting as the global ambassador for NBA franchise , the Toronto Raptors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7152ae9c006dedef1d7c59bbc167db49", "text": "Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) . Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States . In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold . Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' . In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States . The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States . The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle . Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks . In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts . The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week . In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States . In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US . Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 . In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks n His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a21be2fe8ad1538e2d49ea0c432f400c", "text": "Dive In (Trey Songz song) `` Dive In '' is a song by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz from his fifth studio album Chapter V . It was released on August 14 , 2012 by Atlantic Records . The song peaked at number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at number 5 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "156c8280ce623d32f798f0cc99b3436b", "text": "It's Already Written It 's Already Written is the first and only studio album of R&B singer Houston . It was released on August 10 , 2004 , and reached # 14 on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23f0d745347bd4adab0b957cf55f98a", "text": "J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 . J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666aa01bd2c349e2cf0db3df9ca2ed4c", "text": "Excuse My French (album) Excuse My French is the debut studio album by American rapper French Montana . It was released on May 21 , 2013 , by Coke Boys Records , Bad Boy Records , Maybach Music Group and Interscope Records . The album features guest appearances from Diddy , Nicki Minaj , Drake , Ace Hood , Lil Wayne , Birdman , The Weeknd , Rick Ross , 2 Chainz , Max B , Ne-Yo , Machine Gun Kelly , Raekwon , Scarface and Snoop Dogg , among others . The album 's production was handled by Mike Will Made It , Jahlil Beats , Reefa , Rico Love , Lex Luger and Young Chop , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2435721d45e1b10ca6366e5a6c82f23", "text": "Point of No Return (Shareefa album) Point of No Return is the debut studio album from singer Shareefa and was released on October 24 , 2006 . It debuted at # 25 on the Billboard 200 with over 40,000 copies sold in its first week released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d5c301d518ca044785b16bf38f921", "text": "Superhero (Brian McKnight album) Superhero is the 5th album by Brian McKnight released on August 28 , 2001 . It is the sixth studio album of his career . McKnight recorded this album to showcase his many musical influences and give listeners a glimpse into the past year of his life . Superhero mixes McKnight 's usual R&B style with a touch of rock and roll and rap . Featured guests include Justin Timberlake , Nate Dogg , Fred Hammond , and the St. Lunatics . Superhero debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart , moving 153,000 units in its first week . On October 24 , 2001 , the album was certified Gold by the RIAA . In 2002 , three singles off of the album were nominated for four Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96f2e972590cd1956fd525f33f19775", "text": "Aspire Music Group Aspire Music Group , LLC is an American record label founded by Cortez Bryant , Gerald `` Gee '' Roberson and Derrick Lawrence in 2008 . Their roster currently only includes multi-platinum Canadian rapper Drake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec1333835c0f494f29e182222cf20bd", "text": "Drake videography The following list contains the videography for Drake , including his own music videos and videos that feature him . The first video Drake ever appeared in was Jenna 's music video for her single `` Change You '' released in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc21c1c227964a84f958085b53411435", "text": "Miss Me `` Miss Me '' is the third single by Canadian recording artist Drake from his debut album Thank Me Later . The song features label mate and Young Money founder Lil Wayne . It was produced by Drake 's long-time collaborators Boi-1da and 40 . It debuted and peaked at number fifteen on Billboard , becoming the third consecutive track to attain chart success from the album . On March 30 , 2011 , the track was certified Gold by the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "761a44687ff8d7b3ab4ad57ea9827a62", "text": "The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits, Vol. 5 The Source Presents : Hip Hop Hits , Volume 5 is the fifth annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine . Released December 18 , 2001 , and distributed by Def Jam Recordings , Hip Hop Hits Volume 5 features sixteen hip hop and rap hits ( two of them are bonus tracks ) . It went to number 37 on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart and peaked at number 48 on the Billboard 200 album chart . Purple Pills ( or Purple Hills ) is the only number-one Hot Rap Tracks hit on Volume 5 . Likewise , the album is the second in Hip Hop Hits series to feature a Billboard Hot 100 number one hit ( Volume 1 is first ) : I 'm Real . It is the fourth Hip Hop Hits album not to feature a number-one hit on the R&B / Hip Hop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f8e02bc5f68fd77ffad49132f89e054", "text": "Pluto (Future album) Pluto is the debut studio album by American rapper Future . It was released on April 13 , 2012 , by A1 Recordings , Freebandz and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Drake , R. Kelly , T.I. , Trae tha Truth and Snoop Dogg , with the production , which was handled by Will-A-Fool , Sonny Digital and K.E. on the Track , among others . Pluto was supported by five singles : `` Tony Montana '' , `` Go Harder '' , `` Magic ( Remix ) '' featuring T.I. , `` Same Damn Time '' and `` Turn On the Lights '' . The album received generally positive reviews from critics , debuting at number eight on the Billboard 200 , selling 41,000 copies in its first week . It was reissued later in 2012 as Pluto 3D .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fa706667c83d7622ae9ce5fb1123a50", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1981 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated the sales for the album charts from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , which was gathered by telephone , fax or messenger service . The data was based on reports from record stores , who ranked the popularity of the best-selling records but did not provide an actual sales figures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cc9b9a571f1ad13859c14f951c7c82f", "text": "50 Cent discography American rapper 50 Cent has released five studio albums , ten mixtapes , two video albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , 76 singles ( including 26 as a featured artist ) , and 88 music videos . As of July 2014 , he is the sixth best-selling hip-hop artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era with 16,786,000 albums sold in the US . 50 Cent signed to Shady Records in 2002 and released his debut studio album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , on February 6 , 2003 . The album peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 and performed well in international markets . It features the number-one singles `` In da Club '' and `` 21 Questions '' and also includes the singles `` P.I.M.P. '' and `` If I Ca n't '' . 50 Cent collaborated with American rapper Lil ' Kim on `` Magic Stick '' , which peaked at number two in the US . In 2005 , he released his second studio album , The Massacre . The album charted at number one in the US , as well as reaching the top ten on many album charts worldwide , and sold 4.83 million copies in the United States in 2005 , the second highest sales count by any album that year . The Massacre includes the US top-three hits `` Disco Inferno '' and `` Just a Lil Bit '' , and the US number-one hit `` Candy Shop '' , which peaked in the top ten of many charts worldwide . A reissue of The Massacre produced the single `` Outta Control '' , which peaked at number six in the US . In November 2005 , 50 Cent starred in the movie Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , and recorded four singles for the film 's soundtrack : the international hits `` Hustler 's Ambition '' and `` Window Shopper '' , and also `` Best Friend '' and `` I 'll Whip Ya Head Boy '' . In 2007 , 50 Cent 's third studio album , Curtis , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , behind Kanye West 's album Graduation , after a much-hyped sales competition between the albums . Five singles were released from the album , including international hit `` Ayo Technology '' and Billboard hits `` Straight to the Bank '' , `` Amusement Park '' , `` I Get Money '' and `` I 'll Still Kill '' . In 2009 , he released his fourth studio album , Before I Self Destruct . Music critics described the album as a return to the darker , more intense style of music that 50 Cent exhibited on many of his early mixtapes . The album charted at number five on the Billboard 200 and peaked in the top twenty of several album charts worldwide . The album features two singles : the international hit `` Baby by Me '' , which peaked at number twenty-eight in the US , and `` Do You Think About Me '' . In June 2014 , 50 Cent released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition . All of the songs on the standard edition of the album were released as singles prior to the album being delivered to the public . His upcoming sixth studio album , titled Street King Immortal , was preceded by the release of the non-album song `` Outlaw '' , which peaked at number eighty-seven in both the US and Canada , and a free download album -- 5 ( Murder by Numbers ) -- on July 6 , 2012 . Four singles were released in promotion for Street King Immortal : `` New Day '' , `` My Life '' , which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart , `` Major Distribution '' , and `` We Up '' , but the songs were scrapped and the album is now set to be released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad23bc97f189b640fc699af5d913adfb", "text": "Get Lifted Get Lifted is the debut studio album by American singer John Legend , released via Kanye West 's GOOD Music label on December 28 , 2004 in the United States . Featuring production by West , John Legend , Dave Tozer and will.i.am , the album sold over three million units worldwide , with a total of 2.1 million copies in the U.S. , where it was certified double platinum . The album won the 2006 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album , and earned Legend another two awards , for Best New Artist and Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his single `` Ordinary People '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f76ce0f296abc0eafbf7cb89a43b03e", "text": "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere (album) It 's Five O'Clock Somewhere is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Slash 's Snakepit , released in February 1995 . The album was a moderate commercial success , reaching number 70 on the American Billboard 200 album chart and selling over a million copies worldwide . The song `` Beggars & Hangers-On '' was released as a single in 1995 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6659ee728bdd4ead82a75e3e27d7c019", "text": "Con Man (web series) Con Man is an American comedy web series created , written , directed by , and starring Alan Tudyk . The series follows cult science fiction actor Wray Nerely ( Tudyk ) , as he tours the convention circuit . Tudyk , one of the stars of the 2002 science fiction TV show Firefly , based Con Man loosely upon his own experiences . The series is co-produced by PJ Haarsma and by Nathan Fillion , who also co-stars in it . Crowdfunded through Indiegogo , Con Man set records for crowdfunding a web series by raising more than $ 1 million in 24 hours and more than $ 3.1 million overall . The series premiered on September 30 , 2015 , on Vimeo , with the first season consisting of 13 episodes . The second season premiered on December 8 , 2016 on Comic-Con HQ , Comic-Con 's subscription streaming video service , consisted of 12 episodes , and concluded on January 26 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "46691e4f4540e4079e35967f8b50d607", "text": "Guys Read Guys Read is a web-based literacy program for boys founded by author Jon Scieszka in 2001 . Its mission is `` to help boys become self-motivated , lifelong readers '' by bringing attention to the issue , promoting the expansion of what is called `` reading '' to include materials like comic books , and encouraging grown men to be literacy role models . Scieszka says , `` It kind of came out of my experience both as growing up a guy , for starters , and then going into elementary school teaching , where I found that the guy sensibility is n't really appreciated there , mostly that the world of elementary school is probably like 85 % women - teachers and librarians . '' As for how exactly to motivate boys to read , Scieszka says , `` I think the best way to do it is to give them things they like to read ... What we have n't done with boys is we have n't really given them a broad range of reading . In schools , what 's seen as reading is so narrow : it 's literary , realistic fiction . '' The Guys Read website includes a large list of `` books that guys read '' , instructions as to how to start a Guys Read `` field office '' ( or book club ) , a blog , and links to many boy-loved authors ' websites . Guys Write for Guys Read , the first book to come out of the program , is a compilation that features over eighty stories and illustrations from noted male authors and illustrators who shared stories from their own childhoods . In 2010 , Scieszka started the Guys Read Library of Great Reading -- collections of original short stories by male and female authors who boys enjoy reading , grouped by genre . The first volume is humor , Guys Read : Funny Business ; the second is mystery , Guys Read : Thriller ; the third is sports , Guys Read : The Sports Pages . The fourth volume in the collection is sci-fi/fantasy , titled Guys Read : Other Worlds . The fifth volume 's theme is nonfiction , titled Guys Read : True Stories . A sixth volume , whose theme is horror , titled Guys Read : Terrifying Tales , was released on September 1 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4024067521ef711acf604d305ebfeae2", "text": "The Dan & Scott Show The Dan & Scott Show was an uncensored comedy program named for its hosts , Dan Schulz and Scott Wirkus . The show is credited as pioneering internet radio , with its uncensored comedy format that is now more commonplace both online and in satellite radio formats such as XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio . The show was first made available as downloadable audio , an early form of podcasting , on AOL in 1995 . It debuted as a live streaming audio format on April 1 , 1996 first via Audionet.com AKA Broadcast.com . Throughout the show 's five-year run , it moved from between several streaming providers such as Audionet , Audioactive , Talkspot.com , Radio HTB , and finally Eyada.com . They had the show on radiofun.com for a number of years as well . The show was one of the few kept by Eyada in their restructuring attempts but in the end both the Dan and Scott show and Eyada failed to survive the tail end of the dot com crash of 2000-2001 due to Eyada 's financial troubles . The show first received national attention when Rick Rockwell , the bachelor from Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire ? appeared on the show making a plea for contestants . The show also received attention for the weekly Survivor predictions from regular show caller `` Jesus '' . After trying to find another site to broadcast the show , it became apparent that the dot com crash had killed all the viable streamed radio sites on the market . After trying to work deals with many networks outside the streaming world in 2001 -- 2002 they had a meeting with HBO . But HBO wanted a sanitized version of the show ; Dan and Scott submitted a censored demo that exists but felt they just could n't do the show HBO wanted . Then it was XM and Sirius to also ask for a clean version of the show , it did not come to fruition there . Big supporter of the show and Eyada owner Bob Meyrowitz offered them a chance for a nationally syndicated morning radio show . Bob 's big plan was for them to take on Howard Stern . Ultimately though , Scott and Dan decided to stop doing the show ; they announced it was going on hiatus on August 24 , 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "261f7cee28d21b164eba8ee0f661cac0", "text": "Comedy Connections Comedy Connections was a BBC One documentary series produced by BBC Scotland that aired from 2003 to 2008 . The show looked at the stories behind the production of some of Britain 's comedy television programmes , showing how they tied in with the production of other comedy shows ( hence `` connections '' ) . The show featured interviews with some of the cast and crew of the subject programme , as well as footage from the series . Comedy Connections mostly documented BBC comedies and sitcoms , although two programmes have been from ITV ( three counting Men Behaving Badly which moved from ITV to the BBC after two series ) and two from Channel 4 . The first series consisted of six episodes , however the rest of the series consist of eight episodes each , the first two series were narrated by Julia Sawalha , however the rest of the series were narrated by Doon Mackichan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca7a94816743e41c5483f357c134591f", "text": "Strip Search (TV series) Strip Search is a reality television series , first broadcast in 2001 . The series follows the search for a new troupe of male strippers from audition to the final live show . First broadcast in New Zealand in 2001 , versions have been made in Australia , the United Kingdom , Germany , Canada and the United States . The format is virtually identical in each series : men are invited to audition for the show , and during a number of tasks , including a boot camp , the numbers are whittled down until the final troupe perform for a live audience . The original New Zealand troupe was called `` Kiwi Fire '' . In the same vein , the Australian troupe was called `` Aussie Storm '' , the UK troupe was named `` UK Storm '' , the Canadian group was dubbed `` Canadian Thunder '' and the American troupe was named `` American Storm '' . The series was masterminded by Billy Cross , an Australian entrepreneur who had success on the Las Vegas Strip with an Australian troupe entitled `` Manpower '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d624426804761c9f753c14764b232a9", "text": "Humza Arshad Humza Mohammed Arshad ( حمزه محمد ارشد born 3 June 1985 ) is an English actor , comedian and writer of Pakistani descent . He is best known for his web series Diary of a Bad Man . His homemade YouTube videos have been viewed more than 60 million times and have made him one of the most popular online comedians in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed2f9085d7bf7d35e729b12f2b57d372", "text": "Derek Waters Derek Matthew Waters ( born July 30 , 1979 ) is an American actor , comedian , and writer . He is the co-creator and host of the Comedy Central series Drunk History .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee931dee2038b147f2eb99f90881f6fb", "text": "Bill Odenkirk Bill Odenkirk ( born October 13 , 1965 ) is an American comedy writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfcf3a18304e869ce029924c868f1034", "text": "Thug Notes Thug Notes is an American educational web series that summarizes and analyzes various literary works in a comedic manner . Thug Notes first aired on June 3 , 2013 , on YouTube , with the pilot episode centered on Crime and Punishment . The host of the series is Sparky Sweets , Ph.D. , portrayed by actor and comedian Greg Edwards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64ac3e6c36e40adb621cb905311ce915", "text": "Adulting #Adulting is an American comedy-drama web series created by and starring Ben Baur and Thandi Tolmay . It follows two friends , Max and Faye , who are nearing 30 and have yet to put their lives in order . After producing two episodes and launching them on YouTube , Baur and Tolmay funded the production of four more through a May 2016 Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign that raised nearly US $ 19K .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85fad671e7ea13315226ec012385416c", "text": "Soul Man (TV series) Soul Man is an American sitcom starring Dan Aykroyd that aired on ABC from April 15 , 1997 to May 26 , 1998 . A total of 25 half-hour episodes were produced over two seasons . The series premiered on April 15 , 1997 , and was picked up for a second season of 22 half-hour episodes after only three episodes aired for the first season . Despite ranking 29th in its 2nd and final season , it ended on May 26 , 1998 , with 25 half-hour episodes produced in total . A four-year-old Spencer Breslin made his TV debut and was a series regular for the three-episode-long 1997 first season , in which he played the youngest child of Aykroyd . The theme song was `` Soul Man '' written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter . Aykroyd was closely associated with the song , having released a hit single of it in 1979 with his band The Blues Brothers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd5b3bd2efbf8664f9e538939814578", "text": "Hustle (TV series) Hustle is a British television drama series made by Kudos Film and Television and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom . Created by Tony Jordan and first broadcast in 2004 , the series follows a group of con artists who specialise in `` long cons '' -- extended deceptions which require greater commitment , but which return a higher reward than simple confidence tricks . The eighth and last series ended on 17 February 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35cea33b37968580598879b48a41d11c", "text": "Web Therapy (season 3) The third season of the American Improvisational comedy television series Web Therapy premiered on July 23 , 2013 , and concluded on September 24 , 2014 , on Showtime . The series stars Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice , a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy : the titular `` web therapy '' . This season contains the webisodes from season five of the web series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "127cb31553a817797f780b1284e7ba6d", "text": "WTVML WTVML is an XML-based and WML-derived content format designed to allow web site operators to easily develop and deploy Interactive TV services , typically it reduces the time taken for web site operators to create a TV Site , and results in the Site being deployable on a larger number of devices , and is capable of being automatically validated , tested and transformed . WTVML was originally developed by Ian Valentine and Patrick Sansom in a company called waptv . After demonstrating the ability to develop Interactive TV services using web infrastructures and XML , and successfully deploying them to existing TV set-top-boxes over dial up modems , the company was acquired by BSkyB . The technology was first used to launch Sky 's interactive betting service on December 6th 2000 , and later became the basis of a large number of `` red button '' channel portals and internet based interactive services . The format follows a strict XML syntax ( DTD ) that has been developed in response to multiple user requirements by BSkyB , and is now being enhanced by Miniweb Interactive . The format was standardized through ETSI as TS 102 322 . WTVML has the potential to unify the Interactive TV content creation industry , which has been hampered by proprietary `` middlewares '' and a lack of browser standards . The fragmentation of technologies available to build Digital TV platforms has meant that typical web site operators have had no common content format available to them to allow them to develop their TV Site once , and deploy it unchanged across multiple networks and devices . Some newer set-top boxes ( particularly IPTV devices ) use various versions of HTML browsers . Many of these have proprietary TV extensions , and different deployment characteristics , which result in untested services being deployed unfaithfully or worse with run-time errors . Due to the need for explicit layouts , as well as other reasons , many designers attempting to create TV Style services using HTML browsers need to make extensive use of JavaScript , which has the result of further inhibiting interoperability , and requires manual testing of a service before it is deployed by the majority of networks , thus essentially closing a network from open internet access . WTVML services can be automatically and dynamically transformed into various forms of HTML/JS/CSS , making them compatible with traditional web browsers as well as WTVML native browsers , and allowing the network operator to manage his platform specific features independently from the standard used by the web site authors . WTVML follows a web 2.0 style model , in that complete applications are DTD driven , allowing TV Style services to be created without the use of Script . Between 2000 and 2008 the industry , including the DVB ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28afef4109c67ec45b7e4048c3f62637", "text": "This Is Not Happening (TV series) This Is Not Happening is an American storytelling show hosted by Ari Shaffir , who also makes other comedy shows . It airs on American cable television network Comedy Central , and had its premiere on January 22 , 2015 . Episodes focus on comedians telling real life experiences comedically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2149447826ab857881109779b4aa8ebb", "text": "Shindig (video chat platform) Shindig is a patented technology platform for large scale online video chat events . Fueled described Shindig as `` a new online video chat platform , ( which ) aims to make talking online more natural by imitating real-life events ; users can freely mingle , moving between conversations with the same ease as you might move through a dinner party . '' In a Shindig event , participants can use webcams to see each other in a shared space . A featured presenter can give a talk , be interviewed , share a multimedia presentation , give a live performance , teach a course and much more to a live online audience of thousands . Meanwhile , audience members can move freely in and out of private video conversations with whomever they choose , and selected guests can be brought up to `` share the stage '' and directly interact with hosts `` face-to-face '' before the entire group . The speaker can also share PDF , MP3 , and MP4 multimedia files with the group . Notable pioneers and institutions who have used the platform include Bill Gates , TED.com , Sheryl Sandberg , Guy Kawasaki , Jim Cramer , Michael Saylor , Forbes , The Chicago Tribune , Random House , Ernst & Young , Simon & Schuster , Folio , Los Angeles Review of Books , Lucky Magazine , TEDx , BookTalk Nation and many more . The platform was first introduced as a means of enabling author talks and Q&A 's . Among the many hundreds of notable authors who have used the platform : Tom Angleberger , Dan Ariely , Edward Jay Epstein , Richard Paul Evans , Jackson `` Cat Daddy '' Galaxy , Carla Hall , Hugh Howey , A. J. Jacobs , Jerry B. Jenkins , Kevin Kelly , Jill Lepore , Wendy Lower , Marissa Meyer , Jo Nesbø , Susan Orlean , George Packer , Michael Pollan , Diane Ravitch and Lori Wilde . Shindig has also been looked at as a potential solution for online education . As cited in Campus Technology , `` Shindig 's proprietary technology may enable online faculty members to facilitate rich media interactive video and audio with large numbers of students in an online course ... these students can also see each other , and they can , with only a click , self aggregate into their own collaborative groups and speak with each other in real time during the course . '' University Business says `` Shindig enables the real-life dynamics of a face-to-face course with all its interaction and participatory features at internet scale . '' Shindig enables a hybrid MOOC , which has the potential to reduce the cost of higher education without radically diminishing its quality , as many feel other MOOCs and platforms threaten to do . As of October 2013 , some 20 institutions had commenced pilots using the platform for online e-courses including Caltech , Duke , NYU , Cooper Union , Texas A&M , Manhattanville , University of the Sciences and University of Crete . Shindig was the recipient of SIAA 's 2013 Innovation Incubator Award as the Educator 's Choice Runner-Up for Education Technology Product or Service . In 2017 , Shindig was recognized by global tech research firm Gartner as a Cool Vendor in Social Collaboration . The report noted that Shindig transformed `` the feeling of people attending a virtual online event that they are ` all along together . ''' and further that the platform delivered `` a more compelling peer-to-peer experience where people can ` mingle ' as they do in physical spaces . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4fa03498039abbce1b3c94e06c91bc", "text": "Y'All So Stupid Y' All So Stupid is a sketch comedy web series created by Devin Flynn , an animation director for Wonder Showzen , for SuperDeluxe.com . The series lasted for thirteen episodes before being cancelled in December 2008 , before Super Deluxe formed into adultswim.com . The web series received a 2008 Webby Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a4dbc30e72828733b6d6ec1a13fe18", "text": "Miranda Sings Miranda Sings is a fictional character , developed on the internet , created in 2008 and portrayed by American comedian , actress and YouTube personality Colleen Ballinger . Ballinger displays videos of the comically talentless , egotistical , misguided and quirky character on her YouTube channel . In these videos , the eccentric , narcissistic , yet endearing character sings and dances badly , gives inept `` tutorials '' , recounts her daily activities , discusses current events that she often misunderstands , collaborates with other YouTubers , and rants about her critics , reading examples of hate mail directed at the character on social media ; she responds to them with her catchphrase : `` Haters Back Off ! '' . Ballinger created the character as a satire of bad but arrogant singers who believe that posting their videos on YouTube will lead to them breaking into show business . As of February 2017 , the Miranda Sings YouTube channel had surpassed 1.2 billion views and 7 million subscribers , and Miranda had more than 6 million Instagram followers . Miranda has been ranked the 7th `` most popular '' YouTube personality by Daily American , and the channel was ranked No. 38 of all time by NewMediaRockstars . The character also has an active presence on other social media . Since 2009 , in addition to her internet videos , Ballinger has regularly presented live comedy acts , in character as Miranda Sings , at first in cabaret spaces and later in theaters in New York , London , and other cities in the US , Canada , Europe , Australia and elsewhere . Her acts include Miranda 's signature off-key singing of pop music hits and show tunes , with introductions focusing on the character 's backstory . Her delivery is full of malapropisms , mondegreens and spoonerisms , and the acts incorporate interaction with audience volunteers , giving a `` voice lesson '' to , or singing a duet with , Broadway or other musical celebrities , reading hate mail , and singing while being stabbed through the neck in her `` magic trick '' . The character has appeared in web series , interviews and an episode of the TV show Victorious . In 2014 , she guest-starred in character on an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . In July 2015 , she released a New York Times # 1 best-selling book , written in Miranda 's voice , titled Selp-Helf . Miranda is the main character in the Netflix original series Haters Back Off , which premiered in 2016 and has been renewed for 2017 . Ballinger won a Teen Choice Award and a Streamy Award for her Miranda videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ab939347cad89e775eeede05965d46", "text": "Joel Moss Levinson Joel Moss Levinson is a writer , comedian from Yellow Springs , Ohio . He often collaborates with his older brother , Stephen Levinson , as the Levinson Brothers . The pair were a part of TedX Dayton 2014 , speaking about successful collaboration . Along with their third partner , CONAN and former Daily Show writer Rob Kutner , the Levinson Brothers released `` 2776 '' a comedy/musical album benefitting the charity OneKid OneWorld . Featuring Aimee Mann , Patton Oswalt , Ed Helms , Ashanti , Reggie Watts , Ira Glass , Nina Totenberg , Will Forte , Rebirth Brass Band , Yo La Tengo , Margaret Cho , Neko Case , Kelly Hogan , Dick Cavett , Dick Gregory , k.d. lang , Will Arnett , Alex Trebek and more , the album appeared briefly on the Billboard Comedy charts . The album 's liner notes were written by George Saunders and appeared in the New Yorker Joel composed the music for all but two of the 28 tracks . n 2012 , the Levinson Brothers and Rob Kutner released an EP called `` It 's OK To Do Stuff '' in celebration of the 40th anniversary of `` Free To Be You And Me . '' Made up of songs satirizing the original with songs about gender , childhood , equality and relationships . `` It 's Okay to Do Stuff is first and foremost meant to be funny -- and it is , most of the time . Here , the earnestness of Free to Be is replaced with satire , but irony is the ethos of our age , remember ? '' The album features Lizzy Caplan , Fred Willard , Jane Weidlin , Steven Page , Colin Hanks , Fred Stoller , Eddie Pepitone , Eugene Mirman and others . Joel gained national attention in 2008 as an Internet personality who professionally wins consumer generated marketing contests , and earned more than money and prizes , by creating corporate jingles and short commercials . Levinson grew up in Dayton , Ohio . His father Jim was a prosecutor and his mother was a writer . He attended George Washington University for a few semesters . He worked for the KIO ( Kentucky , Indiana , Ohio ) region for BBYO and traveled the country as a song leader for the organization . In November 2008 , he appeared on The Tonight Show to talk about his contest winnings . Joel was named an Access Hollywood Rising Star on December 1 , 2008 . In 2009 he appeared on CBS News with Katie Couric .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "edcd03321ac9e431856bd8649f5f9f41", "text": "Richard Burbage Richard Burbage ( 6 January 1567 -- 12 March 1619 ) is considered the first great actor of English theatre . He is one of the most famous actors of the Globe Theatre of his time . In addition to being a stage actor he was also a theatre owner , entrepreneur and painter . He was the younger brother of Cuthbert Burbage . They were both actors in drama . Burbage was a business associate and friend to William Shakespeare . The son of James Burbage , a joiner who became a theatrical impresario , and also founded the first theatre and was a famous theatrical entrepreneur . Burbage was a popular actor by his early 20s . He excelled in plays with the theme of tragedies . His early acting career is poorly documented . As many young actors of his time , he may have played the part of women in productions before taking any of the roles he is known for . It has been suggested that he spent time working with the Earl of Leicester 's company , but there is no good evidence for this . He was probably acting with the Admiral 's Men in 1590 , with Lord Strange 's Men in 1592 , and with the Earl of Pembroke 's Men in 1593 ; but most famously he was the star of William Shakespeare 's theatre company , the Lord Chamberlain 's Men which became the King 's Men on the ascension of James I in 1603 . He played the title role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare 's plays , including Hamlet , Othello , Richard III , and King Lear . But he was in great demand and also appeared in the plays of many of the great contemporary writers , such as Ben Jonson ( the title role in Volpone , and Subtle in The Alchemist ) , John Marston ( The Malcontent ) , John Webster ( The Duchess of Malfi ) and Beaumont and Fletcher ( The Maid 's Tragedy ) . Burbage 's power and scope as an actor is revealed in the sheer size of the roles he played . He was a great box office draw . Of the hundreds of plays and thousands of roles for actors that date from the 1580 -- 1610 era , there are only twenty or so roles that are longer than 800 lines . Edward Alleyn was the first English actor to manage such roles , in Marlowe 's Tamburlaine and The Jew of Malta ; but the majority of these star roles , thirteen of the twenty , were acted by Burbage.He was said to be quite rich because he was earning income from being the primary housekeeping of two playhouses , a sharer in the King 's Men , a lead actor and a painter . His acting style is closely compared with the method that actors use today called method acting ; it would be another four centuries before this came into popularity . He was described as being short and stout , but said to be an impressive figure , with numerous praises written of him in contemporary accounts .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed", "text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc280b9cdee5a2cbe980516450130890", "text": "Jewel Tower The Jewel Tower is a 14th-century surviving element of the royal Palace of Westminster , in London , England . It was built between 1365 and 1366 , under the direction of William of Sleaford and Henry de Yevele , to house the personal treasure of Edward III . The tower , a three-storey , crenellated stone building , occupied a secluded part of the palace and was protected by a moat linked to the River Thames . The ground floor featured elaborate carved vaulting , described by historian Jeremy Ashbee as `` an architectural masterpiece '' . The tower continued to be used for storing the monarch 's treasure and personal possessions until 1512 , when a fire in the palace caused Henry VIII to relocate his court to Whitehall . At the end of the 16th century , the House of Lords began to use the tower to store its parliamentary records , building a house alongside it for the use of the parliamentary clerk , and extensive improvements followed in 1621 . The tower continued as the Lords ' records office through the 18th century , and several sets of renovations and building work were carried out to improve its fire-proofing and comfort , creating the current appearance of the tower . In 1834 , the tower was one of only four buildings to survive a terrible fire in Westminster , and in the aftermath the records were moved to a new , purpose-built archive . The Jewel Tower was taken over by the newly formed Standard Weights and Measures Department in 1869 , who used it for storing and testing official weights and measures . The rising levels of London traffic made the tower increasingly unsuitable for this work , and by 1938 the department had abandoned it in favour of other facilities . In 1948 , the building was placed into the care of the Ministry of Works , who repaired the damage inflicted to the tower during the Second World War , and extensively restored the building , clearing the surrounding area and opening the tower for tourists . In the 21st century , the Jewel Tower is managed by English Heritage , receiving around 30,000 visitors each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02104a40736540e27e3e32e85dc188d", "text": "The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role . Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' . When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' : The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b82385646a179a5b82d3c4ff2a44bfd8", "text": "Richard Bellings, Solicitor-General Richard Bellings or Bellyngs ( died 1584 ) was an Irish barrister and landowner who was Solicitor General for Ireland from 1574 to 1584 . His grandson and namesake Richard Bellings was a leading figure in Confederate Ireland . He was probably born in Mulhuddart , County Dublin , a district with which his family had a long association . He was called to the Bar , quickly became one of its leaders , and was appointed Solicitor General in 1574 . He seems to have been diligent in performing his duties , attending the Court of Castle Chamber and sitting on several commissions of oyer and terminer . Presumably as a reward for his services , the Crown made substantial grants of land to him in County Dublin , including Tyrrelstown , which became the principal family seat . Despite his record of good service and his apparent legal ability , he never became a judge ; this may reflect the personal disfavour of Queen Elizabeth I , who thought poorly of her Irish law officers , especially those who were Irish by birth . Her remedy for the perceived `` default and inefficiency of her officers of the law '' in Ireland , whenever vacancies arose was to replace Irish office holders with Englishmen . Elrington Ball , normally a very reliable source for the Irish judiciary , and for history of Dublin generally , states that Bellings was still alive in 1600 , but the letters patent appointing his successor as Solicitor General , Jesse Smythes , in January 1585 , state clearly that he had recently died . Given the Queen 's attitude to her Irish law officers it is not surprising that Smythes was English . Richard 's son Sir Henry Bellings became Provost Marshal and High Sheriff of Kildare ; despite a reputation for corruption , ( including the notorious case of Philip Bushen , who was hanged in1625 for the murder of his wife , a crime which most likely he did not commit ) , and several clashes with the Crown , he had a largely successful career and extended the family estates . Henry was the father of the second Richard , the Confederate leader , and grandfather of the third Richard Bellings , secretary to Queen Catherine of Braganza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1580fad2f4cfb9aab9ac957ba519b5a3", "text": "Slave Power The Slave Power or Slaveocracy was the perceived political power in the U.S. federal government held by slave owners during the 1840s and 1850s , prior to the Civil War . Antislavery campaigners during this period bitterly complained about what they saw as disproportionate and corrupt influence wielded by wealthy Southerners . The argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery . The argument was widely used by the Republican Party that formed in 1854 -- 55 to oppose the expansion of slavery . The main issue expressed by the term slave power was distrust of the political power of the slave-owning class . Such distrust was shared by many who were not abolitionists ; those who were motivated more by a possible threat to the political balance or the impossibility of competing with unwaged slave labor , than by concern over the treatment of slaves . Those who differed on many other issues ( such as hating blacks or liking them , denouncing slavery as a sin or promising to guarantee its protection in the Deep South ) could unite to attack the slaveocracy . The `` Free Soil '' element emphasized that rich slave owners would move into new territory , use their cash to buy up all the good lands , then use their slaves to work the lands , leaving little opportunity room for free farmers . By 1854 the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican party . The term was popularized by antislavery writers such as John Gorham Palfrey , Josiah Quincy III , Horace Bushnell , James Shepherd Pike , and Horace Greeley . Politicians who emphasized the theme included John Quincy Adams , Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessenden . Abraham Lincoln used the concept after 1854 but not the term . They showed through a combination of emotive argument and hard statistical data that the South had long held a disproportionate level of power in the United States . Historian Allan Nevins contends that `` nearly all groups ... steadily substituted emotion for reason . ... Fear fed hatred , and hatred fed fear . '' The existence of a Slave Power was dismissed by Southerners at the time , and rejected as false by many historians of the 1920s and 1930s , who stressed the internal divisions in the South before 1850 . The idea that the Slave Power existed has partly come back at the hands of neoabolitionist historians since 1970 , and there is no doubt that it was a powerful factor in the Northern anti-slavery belief system . It was standard rhetoric for all factions of the Republican party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8db42a00f5a30c9f42f4303ea20af3f", "text": "John Gaventa John Gaventa OBE ( born 1949 ) is currently the Director of Research at the Institute of Development Studies , University of Sussex , where he has been a Fellow since 1996 . From 2011-2014 , he served as the director of the Coady International Institute and Vice-President of International Development at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish , Nova Scotia , Canada . Gaventa received his B.A. from Vanderbilt University in 1971 , and was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford . He taught at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville from 1987 until 1996 . He began to help lead a grassroots adult educational program at the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market , Tennessee , in 1976 , and was director from 1993 until 1996 . He received a MacArthur Award in 1981 for his work with the Highlander Center . His first publication , Power and Powerlessness : Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley , broke new theoretical and empirical ground in the study of social power , winning the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award of the American Political Science Association , the V.O Key Book Award of the Southern Political Science Association , the Lillian Smith Book Award of the Southern Regiona Council , and the W.D Weatherford Book Award , and earned co-runnerup in the first annual Robert F. Kennedy Book Award competition . While studying at Oxford with Steven Lukes , author of Power : a Radical View ( 1974 ) , Gaventa developed a theoretical and methodological approach to the study of community power that has radically transformed community power studies in political sociology and opened a path for the legitimization of participatory research in mainstream sociology and political science . He used this skills to become an activist in and document series of national mining strikes across the United Kingdom , including the 1974 Wales miners ' strike . Gaventa 's articulation and empirical demonstration of the `` three-dimensional '' approach to the study of power has informed many disciplines and scholars about the nuances of social power and the processes of its legitimization , while also lending support to scholars and social change advocates who would find the sources and the solutions of social problems not in the dictates or preconceived notions held by social scientists , theologians , and philosophers , but in the narratives of the affected alienated populations . In Gaventa 's theory , such methodological subjectivity allows the framing of a social problem , and a social solution , to arise from within the group , thereby empowering and better enabling the group to take collective action in the face of authorities ' power to frame issues as non-issues in the public 's mind . Borrowing from Lukes , Gaventa identifies three analytical dimensions that are the proper study of social power . Each subsequent dimension is increasingly difficult to empirically observe using traditional political science methodologies , forcing Gaventa to synthesize various understandings of socialization into a cogent articulation of observable processes through which symbolic production is channeled within identifiable networks and communities . The `` one-dimensional '' approach involves direct empirical observations of openly contested public issues . It involves defining and framing these issues in terms of identifiable winners and losers , and reflects the traditional pluralist approach to the study of community power . The `` second dimension '' involves the addition of what Gaventa calls the `` mobilization of bias '' , through which cultural hegemony is both asserted and legitimized . Empirically , Gaventa 's contribution is to develop a method for examining the various channels through which those in power transform concerns , claims , and potential challenges about inequitable outcomes into `` non-decisions '' . The `` third dimension '' therefore adds the capacity to influence expectations about social outcomes by manipulating symbols and ideology so that inequities themselves become `` non-issues '' . Gaventa 's publications include Power and Powerlessness : Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley , ISBN 0-252-00985-1 We Make the Road by Walking : Conversations on Education and Social Change , ISBN 0-87722-775-6 Communities in Economic Crisis : Appalachia and the South , ISBN 0-87722-650-4 Global Citizen Action , ISBN 1-55587-968-3 In February 2015 , the journal Southern Spaces posted previously unpublished footage recorded by Helen Lewis , John Gaventa , and Richard Greatrex as part of their project to document the cultures of Appalachian and Welsh mining communities in the 1970s . Gaventa 's papers are managed by the Belk Library at Appalachian State University . Gaventa was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for his services to Oxfam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1caa3b46f3084351d13ee69f90fd9ca3", "text": "Powers, Principalities, Thrones and Dominions `` Powers , Principalities , Thrones and Dominions ' '' is the nineteenth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on April 25 , 1997 . The episode was written by Ted Mann and Harold Rosenthal and directed by Thomas J. Wright . `` Powers , Principalities , Thrones and Dominions '' featured guest appearances by Sarah-Jane Redmond and Richard Cox . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) is convinced to return to work after the death of a close friend . However , it soon becomes apparent that his first case back on the job is much deeper than he had expected . `` Powers , Principalities , Thrones and Dominions '' features the final appearances in the series by both Bill Smitrovich and Robin Gammell . The episode has received mixed to positive reviews from critics , and was viewed by approximately 6.5 million households in its initial broadcast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bf4222ca701311841f5fa40127b80a", "text": "Tyranny of the majority Tyranny of the majority ( or tyranny of the masses ) refers to an inherent weakness of direct democracy and majority rule in which the majority of an electorate can place its own interests above , and at the expense of , those in the minority . This results in oppression of minority groups comparable to that of a tyrant or despot . Potentially , through tyranny of the majority , a disliked or unfavored ethnic , religious , political , or racial group may be deliberately targeted for oppression by the majority element acting through the democratic process . American founding father Alexander Hamilton writing to Jefferson from the Constitutional Convention argued the same fears regarding the use of pure direct democracy by the majority to elect a demagogue who , rather than work for the benefit of all citizens , set out to either harm those in the minority or work only for those of the upper echelon . The Electoral College mechanism present in the indirect United States presidential election system , and the phenomenon of faithless electors allowed for within it , was , in part , deliberately created as a safety measure not only to prevent such a scenario , but also to prevent the use of democracy to overthrow democracy for an authoritarian , dictatorial or other system of oppressive government . As articulated by Hamilton , one reason the Electoral College was created was so `` that the office of President will never fall to the lot of any man who is not in an eminent degree endowed with the requisite qualifications '' . The scenarios in which tyranny perception occurs are very specific , involving a sort of distortion of democracy preconditions : Centralisation excess : when the centralised power of a federation make a decision that should be local , breaking with the commitment to the subsidiarity principle . Typical solutions , in this condition , are concurrent majority and supermajority rules . Abandonment of rationality : when , as Tocqueville remembered , a decision `` which bases its claim to rule upon numbers , not upon rightness or excellence '' . The use of public consultation , technical consulting bodies , and other similar mechanisms help to improve rationality of decisions before voting on them . Judicial review ( e.g. declaration of nullity of the decision ) is the typical way after the vote . In both cases , in a context of a nation , constitutional limits on the powers of a legislative body , and the introduction of a Bill of Rights have been used to counter the problem . A separation of powers ( for example a legislative and executive majority actions subject to review by the judiciary ) may also be implemented to prevent the problem from happening internally in a government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cc1cf60ae606378d8f024d324b07793", "text": "Temüge Temüge ( 1168 -- 1246 ) was the youngest full-brother of Genghis Khan , fourth son of Yesugei and Oelun . The Secret History of the Mongols tells that `` when Temujin was 9 years of age , Temuge was three years old . '' Being the youngest boy in the family , he received a prefix to the name `` otchigin '' ( diminutive form of '' отгон '' or `` otgon '' meaning `` junior '' ) , who in the family is always a `` guardian of the family and home '' ) , and therefore is often referred to as Temuge-otchigin or simply Otchigin . In childhood and adolescence was somewhat spoiled by his mother and older brothers , inclined to luxury , but was `` courageous , powerful and quick in battle '' that was recognized even by the family 's enemies . When the shaman Kokochu ( Teb-Tengri ) started dragging the power over the Mongols to his own family , Genghis khan sanctioned Temuge to kill Kokochu in a staged wrestling match . As the youngest male sibling , Temüge and his mother , by Mongol traditions , were allotted the most land and people by Genghis Khan during his coronation . Although he seems to have been the least warlike of the brothers , and was criticized by Genghis himself for being lazy and shiftless , Temüge proved himself to be a skilled politician and capable ruler , who , alongside his mother Hoelun , ruled the Mongol heartland in his eldest brothers ' absence being engaged in war campaigns . He appears to have had intellectual leanings , first coming under the influence of the conquered Xia and Jin cultures and then taking an active interest in the other cultures encompassed in the vast Mongol empire . Temuge attempted to enter the main political arena after the death of Ögedei Khan , his nephew and son of Genghis Khan , in 1241 . At that time , Ogedei 's son Güyük Khan was engaged in so-called `` Western campaign '' in Russia and Europe , so Temuge-otchigin tried to seize the throne , but he was intervened by Töregene , Ogedei 's widow and Güyük 's mother . After the 1246 kurultai elected Güyük as great khan , Temuge was executed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1719d4f4807a7a318ef6009e7e51557b", "text": "Power and Market Power and Market : Government and the Economy is a 1970 book by Murray Rothbard in which he analyzes the negative effects of the various kinds of government intervention , and argues that the State is neither necessary nor useful . It was originally part of his 1962 book Man , Economy , and State but was censored by the publisher , who felt it was too radical for publication and later published under the above title . It was reunited with the 4th edition of Man , Economy , and State in 2004 in the volume sub-titled `` The Scholar 's Edition '' from the Ludwig von Mises Institute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ec5bcde8c9f78a9f41b145b10fdf9b", "text": "Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' . This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate . In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' . In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . '' In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower . In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states . For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state '' The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon . Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fc255a3ae6d9daccf58a3ca97eb6ae4", "text": "Bullrun (decryption program) Bullrun ( stylized BULLRUN ) is a clandestine , highly classified program to crack encryption of online communications and data , which is run by the United States National Security Agency ( NSA ) . The British Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ) has a similar program codenamed Edgehill . According to the BULLRUN classification guide published by The Guardian , the program uses multiple methods including computer network exploitation , interdiction , industry relationships , collaboration with other intelligence community entities , and advanced mathematical techniques . Information about the program 's existence was leaked in 2013 by Edward Snowden . Although Snowden 's documents do not contain technical information on exact cryptanalytic capabilities because Snowden did not have clearance access to such information , they do contain a 2010 GCHQ presentation which claims that `` vast amounts of encrypted Internet data which have up till now been discarded are now exploitable '' . A number of technical details regarding the program found in Snowden 's documents were additionally censored by the press at the behest of US intelligence officials . Out of all the programs that have been leaked by Snowden , the Bullrun Decryption Program is by far the most expensive . Snowden claims that since 2011 , expenses devoted to Bullrun amount to $ 800 million . The leaked documents reveal that Bullrun seeks to `` defeat the encryption used in specific network communication technologies '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c35cd37b4b3c413cdc7048e7c4be18", "text": "Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "829dad31afe01d907adb5f39cccc2edd", "text": "Airpower Airpower or air power comprises the application of military strategy and strategic theory to the realm of aerial warfare . Airpower began with the advent of powered flight early in the 20th century . Airpower represents a `` complex operating environment that has been subjected to considerable debate '' . British doctrine defines airpower as `` the ability to project power from the air and space to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events . '' Airpower is a function of air supremacy and numbers . Roughly speaking , a combatant side that has 100 % or near 100 % control of the skies has air supremacy ; an advantage of some 70 -- 90 % would indicate air superiority . A 50/50 split is air parity ; lower than this , one side may be said to be air denied or air incapable . Because aeroplanes generally take off from designed airfields on missions typically involving some hours of cruising , the precise state of air superiority is fluid and less defined vis-a-vis land or sea warfare . For example , a contested airspace directly above a battlespace bristling with anti-aircraft weapons may be denied to the air forces of both sides . Further , the completely different situations of a technologically advanced airforce with one flight of high-tech planes ( air supremacy but low capacity ) or a low-tech force of massive numbers of low-tech planes ( e.g. , An-2 ) resulting in high capacity but low long-term survivability demonstrate that ` air power ' is multi-faceted and complex . Significant contributors to theorizing about air power have been Giulio Douhet , Billy Mitchell , John Boyd and John A. Warden III . At the start of World War I , opinions differed on the national air forces and the value of airships . Some early strategists/visionaries after World War I imagined that airpower alone would suffice to bring nations to their knees . The Bombing of Guernica was an early trial that revealed both capabilities and limitations . But yet another maxim , `` no war was ever won solely by airpower '' was challenged by the NATO victory in Kosovo . Airpower has been used to conduct lightning strategic strikes , to complement land offensives , to instill fear and lower morale similarly to a fleet in being , and to create broad-based destruction behind enemy lines . With airpower , supplies can be transported by cargo planes , providing a decisive edge in mobility . Military and civilian aircraft interact in a number of complex ways , including shootdowns of civilian planes , whether mistaken or not ; military escorts of civilian planes ; civilian planes being used for military transport , espionage , or other purposes ; and/or no-fly zones being enforced to punish or sanction a target nation . Airpower also relates to space power , although militarization of space remains regulated by international treaty . Developed nations have enjoyed a consistent advantage in airpower since the beginning of mechanized flight . Airpower has been wielded mostly decisively in the last hundred years by Nazi Germany , the United Kingdom , the United States , the Soviet Union , Japan , Italy , and France , with many client nations using aircraft developed by one or more of these nations . A mass technological base is considered necessary for the development of airpower .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4170ffd903807145ffcb185dcf771bf1", "text": "Alec Baldwin Alexander Rae `` Alec '' Baldwin III ( born April 3 , 1958 ) is an American actor , writer , producer , and comedian . A member of the Baldwin family , he is the oldest of the four Baldwin brothers , all actors . Baldwin first gained recognition appearing on seasons 6 and 7 of the CBS television drama Knots Landing , in the role of Joshua Rush . He has since played both leading and supporting roles in films such as the horror comedy fantasy film Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , as Jack Ryan in the action thriller The Hunt for Red October ( 1990 ) , the romantic comedy The Marrying Man ( 1991 ) , the superhero film The Shadow ( 1994 ) , and two films directed by Martin Scorsese : the Howard Hughes biopic The Aviator ( 2004 ) and the neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . His performance in the 2003 romantic drama The Cooler garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . From 2006 to 2013 , Baldwin starred as Jack Donaghy on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock , winning two Emmy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards for his work on the show , making him the male performer with the most SAG Awards . Baldwin co-starred in Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation , the fifth installment of the Mission : Impossible series , released on July 31 , 2015 . He is also a columnist for The Huffington Post . Since 2016 , he has been the host of Match Game . He has received worldwide attention and acclaim for his portrayal of President Donald Trump on the long-running sketch series Saturday Night Live , both during the 2016 U.S. presidential election and following the inauguration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e442932ea7a7801c0916a0f8bc23a7fa", "text": "Jack Ryan (character) Dr John Patrick `` Jack '' Ryan , Sr. , KCVO ( Hon. ) , Ph.D. is a fictional character created by Tom Clancy who appears in many of his novels and their respective film adaptations . Jack Ryan was born in Baltimore in 1950 and grew up there . He earned an NROTC commission in the Marines at Boston College . Medically discharged at the rank of 2ndLt following a helicopter crash , he worked as an investment broker . He met and married Caroline `` Cathy '' Mueller , a medical student and later an ophthalmic surgeon , with whom he had four children . He returned to academia , eventually accepting a position at the U.S. Naval Academy . He was later recommended to the CIA , eventually spending a short period there writing a position paper , as well as developing a counter-espionage mechanism . He returned to the academy and , while on a history research trip to London , interrupted a kidnapping attempt on the royal family . After his return to the States , he eventually accepted a position with the CIA . He rose rapidly through the ranks in a variety of covert operations against the USSR , eventually becoming a Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency . As DDI , he had political battles that led to him becoming President of the United States , serving two terms and dealing with international crises in Europe , the Middle East and the Pacific .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "13a994e6f9a5d5163460e07d1d0f854b", "text": "007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning . The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia . The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61082ca37d49ef2b12e98614f368d42d", "text": "Let the Game Begin Let the Game Begin is a 2010 American romantic comedy from Twisted Light Productions , directed by Amit Gupta . The film stars CSI : Miami actor Adam Rodriguez and Stephen Baldwin . The film was released in Australia on May 5 , 2010 , and was released in other countries in 2010 and 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "590cd2bfe2a8f19c1f8e43368a85b836", "text": "Vitals (novel) Vitals is a 2002 science fiction/techno-thriller novel written by Greg Bear , and nominated for a John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 2002 . It centres on Hal Cousins , a scientist who wishes to find a way to prevent death . He gets his funding from angel investors - rich businessmen who are keen to live a thousand years . However , on a fact-finding exploration in a small submarine , his pilot goes berserk , starts spouting gibberish , and tries to kill him . He survives , but when he gets back to the ship , he finds that a member of the crew also went mad and started spouting gibberish , killing four scientists on board the ship . The rest of the crew is distant from him , on the grounds of what he calls bad mojo . He is disowned by the sponsor in question . Hal 's twin brother Rob is shot , by someone who is later revealed to be Ben Bridger . The story develops from there , taking in his twin brother 's widow , Lissa ; Rudy Banning , a once respected professor and writer turned into an anti-semitic conspiracy theorist by a brain-altering microbe ; and a scheming group of immortals who want to stay unique . They are able to do this because they have access to bacteriological research by Russian scientist Maxim Golokhov from the 1940s who was working for Beria and Stalin . Stalin possibly cameos in the story , but the issue is left vague . There are five parts with different first-person narrators . Parts one , three , and five are narrated by Hal Cousins , and parts two and four are narrated by Benjamin Bridger . By the end of the book , the main characters are all either dead , irrelevant , or the victim of mind-altering xenophages . Some elements of the book relate to transhumanism and life extension . Biology is a major theme in Bear 's work , and bacteria and bacterial intelligence played a central role in his 1983 novel Blood Music as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f5e12c161800424c6535fc340899eef", "text": "Black Hawk Down (film) Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu . The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials . In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f08855acef5a7014c871c237e3ff2da4", "text": "Ezio Auditore da Firenze Ezio Auditore da Firenze ( -LSB- ˈettsjo audiˈtoːre da fiˈrentse -RSB- ) is a fictional character in the video game series Assassin 's Creed . His career as an Assassin during the Italian Renaissance serves as central plot of Assassin 's Creed II , II : Discovery , Brotherhood , and Revelations , as well as the animated short film Embers . Ezio also makes an appearance as a playable character in the fighting game Soulcalibur V. Ezio is an ancestor of Desmond Miles , the protagonist of most of the series ' backstory , who experiences Ezio 's life through a device unlocking hidden memories inside his DNA . First appearing in Assassin 's Creed II , a young Ezio witnesses the execution of his father and brothers at the hands of Templar conspirators . After killing the man responsible for their deaths , Ezio begins a journey to avenge his family and free Italy from Templar control . While rebuilding the Assassin Order , Ezio breaks the Templar dominance in Italy , Spain , and the Ottoman Empire . In his later years , Ezio begins his search for Altaïr 's library in Masyaf and helps restore the Ottoman Assassin Order . After discovering Altaïr 's piece of Eden , he decides to retire from the Assassin Order to live a more peaceful life . The character as such , his depiction , personality and development , as well as the chronicling of his entire life , have received critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1113b7cce715675d24f94b6ce86ac447", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy ( born 15 September 1977 ) is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis ( 2002 ) , the crime film RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , biographical psychological drama Bronson ( 2008 ) , sports drama Warrior ( 2011 ) , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ( 2011 ) , crime drama Lawless ( 2012 ) , drama Locke ( 2013 ) , mobster film The Drop ( 2014 ) , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant ( 2015 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen ( 2005 ) , ITV 's Wuthering Heights ( 2008 ) , the Sky 1 drama series The Take ( 2009 ) , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders ( 2013 ) . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo ( 2017 ) on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f330e5f0e8ef4dc86773f7b17100b20", "text": "Alexander Baldwin (disambiguation) Alexander Baldwin was a judge . Alexander Baldwin may also refer to : Alec Baldwin , American actor Alexander & Baldwin Alexander Rae Baldwin III", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc3336d8490cfe9e22e610e7ffcc9ddb", "text": "Full Force and Effect Full Force and Effect is a political thriller novel in the Tom Clancy universe by Mark Greaney published on December 2 , 2014 by Putnam Adult . It is the first Jack Ryan novel to be written and released after the death of Tom Clancy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf9fc99090449c8301680482846a426", "text": "Commander in Chief (novel) Commander in Chief is a political thriller novel in the Tom Clancy universe by Mark Greaney that was published on December 1 , 2015 by G. P. Putnam 's Sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df298a2b2bde75ac8dc23ee41fd01354", "text": "Tom Quinn (Spooks) Tom Quinn is a fictional character in the BBC espionage television series Spooks ( called MI-5 in the United States ) , which follows the exploits of Section D , a counter-terrorism division of MI5 . He is portrayed by British actor Matthew Macfadyen . In the first two series , Tom is the chief of Section D . The character was in the first and second episode of the third series but was decommissioned as a result of sabotaging an operation . Series creator David Wolstencroft believed that writing Tom was the most fun , yet hardest to work on . During the second series , the producers were unsure whether Macfadyen would return for the third ; because of this , Tom was originally killed in the second series finale . However , when Macfadyen decided to appear in the first two episodes of the third series , series writer Howard Brenton had to `` unkill him . '' Reaction towards the character by fans were positive , though critics were mixed about Macfadyen 's portrayal . Tom Quinn would later appear again as a cameo on the final episode of Spooks ; his brief return was met with generally positive reactions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09c74f44bf74bf0d31d28402e5d52f81", "text": "T.H.E. Cat T.H.E. Cat is an American action drama that aired during the 1966 -- 1967 television season on NBC . The series was co-sponsored by R.J. Reynolds ( Winston ) and Lever Brothers and was created by Harry Julian Fink , the creator of Dirty Harry . Robert Loggia starred as the title character , Thomas Hewitt Edward Cat . T.H.E. Cat is a forerunner of television characters such as The Equalizer , who skirt the edges of the law and bring skills from earlier careers on behalf of those needing more help than the police can offer . The series preceded the 1968 -- 1970 ABC television series It Takes a Thief , which was also about a cat burglar who used his skills for good .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a193c1f70d037e5df8321cc18a1950e", "text": "Spec Ops: The Line Spec Ops : The Line is a 2012 third-person shooter video game developed by the German studio Yager Development and published by 2K Games . It was released internationally in June 2012 for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . It was later released for OS X in 2013 and Linux in 2015 . It is the tenth title , as well as a reboot , of the Spec Ops series , and the first entry since Spec Ops : Airborne Commando in 2002 . The game is powered by Unreal Engine 3 . In the game , the player controls Captain Martin Walker , who is sent into a post-catastrophe Dubai with an elite Delta Force team on a recon mission . As the game progresses , Walker 's mental health deteriorates , as he begins to experience hallucinations and slowly realizes the horror of war . Players can hide behind cover , vault over obstacles , and shoot enemies while utilizing a variety of gadgets . Sand is a key gameplay mechanic that can be manipulated to defeat enemies . Included with the game is an online multiplayer mode , developed separately by Darkside Game Studios , allowing players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay . Yager started the game 's development in 2007 , taking inspiration for the setting and story framework from various media , including Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now . The game was designed to be `` physically opposing '' , causing players to question their thoughts about treating war in a video game as entertainment , and tasks players to make a variety of morally ambiguous decisions . The game suffered from multiple delays , and the development team used this time to refine the story and increase the gameplay 's pace . The game 's soundtrack is a mix of licensed music and original music composed by Elia Cmíral . Video game critics gave Spec Ops : The Line generally positive reviews . Praise focused on the narrative and its themes , while criticism was targeted at the online multiplayer mode and generic third person gameplay . Spec Ops : The Line was a commercial failure and did not garner the attention that distributor Take-Two Interactive had hoped for , but it was awarded and nominated for several end-of-the-year accolades particularly for its story . Yager announced that there would not be a sequel to the game . The game was banned in the United Arab Emirates for its depiction of Dubai in a state of destruction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd4db7db265772d5d5f6b63ae6317315", "text": "Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29de4a25f051cee582db33bf9a183b90", "text": "Clancy Chassay Clancy Chassay ( 1980 - ) is an English journalist , screenwriter and filmmaker , who writes for various British newspapers , including the British news magazine The Economist and the newspapers The Independent , The Sunday Telegraph and The Guardian . In his childhood Chassay was briefly a child actor , appearing in two Derek Jarman films , as the young Ludwig Wittgenstein in Jarman 's 1993 film Wittgenstein and the young Wilfred Owen , alongside Laurence Olivier , in Jarman 's 1988 film War Requiem . He later went on to study Philosophy and International Relations at the University of Sussex in Brighton . He became a Beirut-based correspondent for The Guardian and The Economist following the outbreak of the Lebanon war in July 2006 . He has produced and directed documentaries for Channel 4 and The Guardian in the United States , Afghanistan , Myanmar , the Palestinian Territories and Chechnya . In 2007 Chassay was nominated for the Rory Peck Award for Freelance Reporting and in 2008 was nominated for Best Multimedia Journalist at the British Press Awards . Chassay is descended from British Prime Minister Lord North ( 1732-1792 ) and abolitionist Senator Hannibal Hamlin ( 1809-1891 ) , who served as vice president to Abraham Lincoln .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4fbc5651686373f491fb14b4614577f", "text": "One Tough Cop One Tough Cop is a 1998 American action crime film . It was directed by Bruno Barreto and written by Jeremy Iacone . The movie stars Stephen Baldwin as the protagonist and first-person narrator Bo Dietl , a real-life New York City detective who wrote the book that the film is based on . Chris Penn costars as Dietl 's partner . Gina Gershon , Mike McGlone and Paul Guilfoyle also play key roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8072a19774336dd83270f911d3427e68", "text": "List of Person of Interest episodes Person of Interest is an American science fiction crime drama television series created for CBS by Jonathan Nolan , who serves as an executive producer alongside J.J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Chris Fisher , Greg Plageman , and Denise Thé . The series stars Jim Caviezel as John Reese , a former CIA agent who is presumed dead . He is approached by a mysterious billionaire named Harold Finch ( Michael Emerson ) who is trying to prevent violent crimes before they happen by using an advanced surveillance system dubbed `` The Machine '' that provides the SSN of a POI ( person of interest ) who will be involved in an imminent lethal crime as either a perpetrator or a victim . Their unique brand of vigilante justice attracts the attention of two NYPD officers , Joss Carter ( Taraji P. Henson ) and Lionel Fusco ( Kevin Chapman ) , whom Reese uses to his advantage as he investigates the POI . Reese and Finch are later aided by Samantha `` Root '' Groves ( Amy Acker ) , a highly intelligent computer hacker and contract killer whom the Machine later identifies as its `` analog interface '' , and Sameen Shaw ( Sarah Shahi ) , a former ISA assassin who unknowingly dealt with the `` relevant '' numbers found by the Machine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "671ae2ccec7e4d6f5bce8b27a9b8843f", "text": "Alec Craig Alexander Younger Craig `` Alec '' Craig ( 30 March 1884 -- 25 June 1945 ) , was a Scottish character actor , particularly known for his roles in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) and National Velvet ( 1944 ) . He was particularly known for portraying stereotypically tight-fisted Scotsmen . Alec Craig was born on 30 March 1884 in Dunfermline , Fife , Scotland , the son of James Chapman Craig and his wife Isabella . Craig died of tuberculosis on 25 June 1945 , aged 61 , in Glendale , California , US . He is buried there at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979ec0ad965a9729930ffea5a968e473", "text": "American Crusader The American Crusader is a fictional character , a superhero who originally appeared in Thrilling Comics # 19 ( Better Publications , 1941 ) . The character was revived in the Modern Age in Femforce # 59 , by AC Comics , and in Tom Strong # 11 , by Alan Moore and Chris Sprouse .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f6ef54a4bbd5c0cb7b50a94d78ce8305", "text": "Legally Blonde Legally Blonde is a 2001 American comedy film adapted from the novel of the same title by Amanda Brown . It was directed by Robert Luketic , scripted by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith , and stars Reese Witherspoon , Luke Wilson , Selma Blair , Matthew Davis , Victor Garber , and Jennifer Coolidge . The film tells the story of Elle Woods , a sorority girl who attempts to win back her ex-boyfriend by getting a law degree . The film was released on July 13 , 2001 , and received positive reviews from critics . The critics ' consensus states that `` though the material is predictable and formulaic , Reese Witherspoon 's funny , nuanced performance makes this movie better than it would have been otherwise '' . It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture : Musical or Comedy and ranked 29th on Bravo 's 2007 list of `` 100 Funniest Movies '' . Witherspoon received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and the 2002 MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance . The box-office success led to a 2003 sequel , Red , White & Blonde , and a 2009 direct-to-DVD spin-off , Legally Blondes . Additionally , Legally Blonde : The Musical premiered on January 23 , 2007 , in San Francisco and opened in New York City at the Palace Theatre on Broadway on April 29 , 2007 , starring Laura Bell Bundy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d0dfcd0b2b395cbdc9b05420e1fca205", "text": "Jared Hedges Jared Hedges is a writer/producer for television and video games . He was born in 1980 in Dallas , Texas , and majored in screenwriting at the University of Southern California . Most of his work has consisted of English adaptation ( aka ADR ) scripts for anime series . He has written for FUNimation since 1999 , working as Head Writer on shows including Fullmetal Alchemist , Samurai 7 , Speed Grapher , Tsukuyomi - Moon Phase - , Yu Yu Hakusho , and Tsubasa Chronicle . He has worked smaller stints on Dragon Ball Z , Dragon Ball , Negima , Case Closed , and Darker Than Black . Jared 's writing team has included Joel Bergen , Kelli Howard , Alex Muniz , Colleen Clinkenbeard , Bonny Clinkenbeard , Ben Arntz , Michael Ampikapon , Michael B. Steinberg , Laura Moran , and Joelle Sellner . Other adaptation work includes the feature-length anime Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie : Conqueror of Shamballa , and Dragon Ball : The Path to Power . In 2006 , Jared , Joel Bergen and Alex Muniz began writing the English scripts of the anime comedy Shin Chan , which had a six episode trial run on Adult Swim in the summer of 2006 . The first season ( episodes 1-20 ) began airing on Adult Swim April 9 , 2007 . After a long hiatus , the last six episodes of season one ( episodes 21-26 ) began airing December 10 , 2007 . Season 2 ( episodes 27-52 ) began airing on April 12 , 2008 , with writers Michael B. Steinberg , Ben Arntz , Laura Moran , and Joelle Sellner added to the writing team . Jared appeared at Comic Con 2007 in San Diego and New York Comic Con 2008 , promoting Shin Chan . Jared was the script writer for the game Stuntman : Ignition , by developers THQ/Paradigm Entertainment , which released August 28 , 2007 . He also wrote English localization scripts for the games Fullmetal Alchemist 2 : Curse of the Crimson Elixir , Fullmetal Alchemist : Duel Sympathy , and No More Heroes 2 : Desperate Struggle . Jared has also produced special-feature vignettes for DVD extras , promotional materials , and television shows on the Funimation Channel . This includes The Real Rockstar Dad : Interviews with Gene Simmons , Case Closed 101 , the 30 minute documentary Goku vs. Vegeta , and the Otakon 2006 episode of Anime Road Rage . More recently , he was enlisted as the Head Writer of the English dub for Sgt. Frog .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da21ac655b3987384f5be09cfa6895a9", "text": "Mary Pat Gleason Mary Pat Gleason ( born February 23 , 1950 ) is an American film and television actress and an Emmy Award winning writer . From 1983 -- 85 , she appeared on The Guiding Light as Jane Hogan . Since the early 1980s she has appeared on such television series as Full House , Dear John , Murphy Brown , Empty Nest , L.A. Law , Saved by the Bell , Murder , She Wrote , Friends , Step by Step , Suddenly Susan , Will & Grace , Sex and the City , Desperate Housewives , Family Matters , NCIS : Los Angeles , The Middleman , Up All Night , 1600 Penn , Motive , Baby Daddy , Grey 's Anatomy , Partners , Mama 's Family , Two Broke Girls and Mom . She has appeared in such feature films as I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry , Basic Instinct , Traffic , Bruce Almighty , 13 Going on 30 , The Crucible , Bottle Shock , A Cinderella Story , The Island , Killing Kennedy and Nina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d78af8798b23a8edd83e91db8d51d9", "text": "Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life . The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy . Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf0bde025d3b043178b4fe9ebd3ac0d", "text": "Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s . The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "603ff2a2a28dc455e8c0ee9d7a76a951", "text": "Who Are You (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) `` Who Are You '' is the 16th episode of season 4 of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer . Written and directed by series creator Joss Whedon , it originally aired February 29 , 2000 on the WB Television Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33149ae166aaa4c7f40c6b82e9745a", "text": "Joss Whedon Joss Whedon ( -LSB- ˈwiːdən -RSB- ) ( born Joseph Hill Whedon on June 23 , 1964 ) is an American screenwriter , film and television director , film and television producer , comic book author , and composer . He is the founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-founder of Bellwether Pictures , and is best known as the creator of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , Angel ( 1999 -- 2004 ) , Firefly ( 2002 ) , Dollhouse ( 2009 -- 10 ) and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( from 2013 ) . Whedon co-wrote the Pixar film Toy Story ( 1995 ) , wrote and directed the Firefly film continuation Serenity ( 2005 ) , co-wrote and directed the Internet mini-series Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) , co-wrote and produced the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , and wrote and directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers ( 2012 ) and its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7ffcd694dce5413d91ad97eb25ba981", "text": "Josh Weinstein Josh Weinstein ( born May 5 , 1966 ) is an American television writer and producer , known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons . Weinstein and Bill Oakley became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans High School ; Weinstein then attended Stanford University and was editor-in-chief of the Stanford Chaparral . He worked on several short-term media projects , including writing for the variety show Sunday Best , but was then unemployed for a long period . Weinstein and Oakley eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld , after which they wrote `` Marge Gets a Job '' , an episode of The Simpsons . Subsequently , the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992 . After they wrote episodes such as `` $ pringfield ( Or , How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling ) '' , `` Bart vs. Australia '' and `` Who Shot Mr. Burns ? '' , the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show . They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family , as well as several high-concept episodes such as `` Homer 's Enemy '' , `` Two Bad Neighbors '' and `` The Principal and the Pauper '' , winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work . After they left The Simpsons , Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill . The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled . They worked as consulting producers on Futurama , then created The Mullets in 2003 . The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots , and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down , Shut Up in 2009 . Oakley left the project over a contract dispute , but Weinstein remained until it was canceled . He co-produced and wrote for Futurama again during its Comedy Central revival , winning an Emmy in 2011 . Since 2013 , Weinstein has served as showrunner for the CBBC series Strange Hill High . He has also served as a writer for Season Two of Gravity Falls , co-writing nine of the season 's episodes . Weinstein is married to journalist Lisa Simmons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92fb1921edd49c8d8a717c20fe0b9695", "text": "Jim Michaels Jim Michaels ( born September 12 , 1965 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American television producer . He is the son of Anna Mae and Robert Michaels and was raised in the suburbs of Des Plaines and Arlington Heights . Michaels graduated from John Hersey High School in Arlington Heights , Illinois and attended the University of Evansville and graduated with a degree in Business . Michaels ran the in house computer graphics department at a studio at MCA/Universal . Michaels then moved into television production , eventually producing the NBC series Midnight Caller for NBC and Reasonable Doubts . Michaels other series included ; Charlie Grace for ABC ; The Guardian and dr. Vegas for CBS ; Odyssey 5 ; for Showtime ; and Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman . Michaels is a member of the Producer 's Guild of America , Directors Guild of America , Screen Actors Guild , The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , American Film Institute and has guest lectered at the Academy of Art , UCLA and NYU . Michaels worked with Ali LeRoi and Chris Rock producing the television series Everybody Hates Chris for four seasons and has now joined the production team at Supernatural for the 2009 -- 2017 seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833ab02fa3cfa7aa7d6e81ad892b0ccc", "text": "Buffy the Animated Series Buffy the Animated Series is an animated television series concept based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer created by Joss Whedon . Initially greenlit by 20th Century Fox in 2002 , it went ultimately unproduced and unaired when no network was willing to buy the series . The series would have taken place in the middle of Buffy season 1 , as writer Jeph Loeb described the continuity as `` Episode 7.5 '' . Whedon and Loeb would later revisit the style of the series in the Season Eight comic story `` After These Messages ... We 'll Be Right Back ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e119361dd928a98f5b9550e807920e5", "text": "Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut . The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts . The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83d57d9081d695f75093adc36b752eab", "text": "The West Hollywood Blondes The West Hollywood Blondes was a professional wrestling tag team consisting of Lenny Lane and Lodi . During their later careers in World Championship Wrestling , they were billed as `` brothers '' . The team formed in 1999 as a parody of the original Hollywood Blonds . Their gimmick saw them entering the ring wearing glitter and licking Blow Pops . In the ring , they also devised a unique stalling vertical suplex , flying crossbody combination . After being removed from television by Turner Broadcasting System Standards and Practices , the team briefly reformed as Standards and Practices , a satirical reference to the S&P of Turner , before disbanding in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7b70af15318599c4d2ad6b18a4e94a8", "text": "Express Written Consent Express Written Consent is an American talk show produced by MLB.com and hosted by Jeremy Brisiel ( JB ) that takes place in Major League Baseball ballparks . Guests have been actors , musicians , athletes , writers and other celebrities . With a baseball game as the backdrop , conversations often reveal the guests ' connection to baseball - their favorite baseball memory , favorite teams or favorite players . Guests also discuss their craft and current projects as they do on traditional talk shows . Occasionally , guests have done play by play as themselves or in the voice of their most famous characters . The show relies on a unique environment and friendly games to reveal new facets of each guest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aa23c8f1c7a6701a14e53cf65b4f425", "text": "The Real Blonde The Real Blonde is a 1998 film directed and written by Tom DiCillo . It stars Matthew Modine , Catherine Keener , and Maxwell Caulfield . The film is a satire on New York 's fashion and entertainment industries .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a50e048669936b8b94a821dbc2483b77", "text": "This Sporting Life This Sporting Life is a 1963 British feature film based on the 1960 novel of the same name by David Storey , which won the 1960 Macmillan Fiction Award . It recounts the story of a rugby league footballer , Frank Machin , in Wakefield , a mining area of Yorkshire , whose romantic life is not as successful as his sporting life . Storey , a former professional rugby league footballer , also wrote the screenplay . The film stars Richard Harris , Rachel Roberts , William Hartnell and Alan Badel . It was directed by Lindsay Anderson . The film was Richard Harris 's first starring role , and won him a Best Actor Award at the 1963 Cannes Film Festival . He was also nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in a Leading Role . Rachel Roberts won her second BAFTA award for This Sporting Life and an Oscar nomination for best actress . Harris was nominated for the BAFTA that year as well . The film opened at the Odeon Leicester Square in London 's West End on 7 February 1963 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03692b5ddbd2a456457441162ee4215d", "text": "George Harris (actor) George William Harris ( born 20 October 1949 ) is a British actor of film , stage , television , radio and musical theatre . His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series , Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in popular medical drama Casualty , where he was one of the original cast members . He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6128f1bb0843df0312e481e5bd87cdf", "text": "James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury James Edward Harris , 2nd Earl of Malmesbury ( 19 August 1778 -- 10 September 1841 ) was a British peer , styled Viscount FitzHarris from 1800 to 1820 . Though the son of a great British statesman , James Harris , 1st Earl of Malmesbury , the young James Harris did but dabble in politics . His real interests lay in being a sportsman . The second Earl was known for his meticulous records of what game he killed as well as his records of local and national British weather . He built up an extensive collection of stuffed game , which , upon his family 's sale of Greywell Hill House in 1950 , was donated to various museums . He was Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Helston 1802 -- 1804 , Horsham 1804 -- 1807 , Heytesbury 1807 -- 1812 and Wilton 1816 -- 1820 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "391e77d9d227a4331e003a0f717d5765", "text": "Dream On! Dream On ! is a film which premiered in 1981 at the Festival International du Nouveau Cinema , Montreal . It was shot in 16mm film from 1975 to 1980 , and was blown up to 35mm in 1984 . The film 's action follows a group of young actors as they struggle to survive in L.A. and hang on to their artistic principles . Ed Harris and Paul `` Pee-wee Herman '' Reubens have since become well known actors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f1f24996190f2afefe6d896e024129f", "text": "To Walk with Lions To Walk with Lions is a 1999 film starring Richard Harris as George Adamson and John Michie as Tony Fitzjohn . It follows the later years of wild game preserver/naturalist Adamson . After his marriage to Joy Adamson , both of Born Free book and film fame , Adamson spent the latter part of his life protecting the lions and other wildlife in the Kora National Reserve , Kenya . He encounters poachers and government corruption blocking his quest for wildlife preservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae582b908e89845d68d4f5cb5c66ffa", "text": "This Life (2015 TV series) This Life is a Canadian television drama series . It premiered on October 5 , 2015 on CBC . The series is based on the French Canadian series Nouvelle adresse , created by Richard Blaimert . On March 31 , 2016 the CBC confirmed the series had been renewed for a second season , to premiere in Fall 2016 . The show was cancelled on January 24 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f6a36b4c78dc93f9762df323d375419", "text": "David Harris (British politician) David Anthony Harris ( born 1 November 1937 ) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ffa7889c140058e4dd90f3cc96b47b", "text": "Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid Your Ticket is No Longer Valid is a 1981 Canadian film starring Richard Harris . Harris later regarded the movie as one of the biggest artistic disappointments of his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35eae9b634b48b11bda2af3cc32463dc", "text": "Tommy Harris (rugby) Not to be confused with the English rugby union and rugby league footballer of the 1910s , and 1920s , for Cornwall ( RU ) , Redruth R.F.C. , England ( RL ) , and Rochdale Hornets , Thomas `` Tommy '' Harris Percival Thomas `` Tommy '' Harris ( 1927 -- 2006 ) , was a British professional rugby league footballer of the 1950s , and 1960s . A Great Britain and Wales international representative hooker , he played for English club Hull , where he remained for his entire playing career , ultimately becoming an inductee in the club 's Hall of Fame . Nicknamed `` Bomber '' , with Great Britain he won the 1960 Rugby League World Cup and also set the record for most test matches for Great Britain of any hooker . With Hull , Harris won the 1960 Lance Todd Trophy . He later coached York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ca29b227043f5367d89622df2f2bd2a", "text": "Jack Harris (footballer, born 1891) Joshua `` Jack '' Harris ( 5 November 1891 -- 1966 ) was a Scottish professional football player and manager . He made over 390 Football League appearances in the years before and after the First World War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffbdc68e9a580881c17cfe76e7f726c2", "text": "Stan Harris Stanley `` Stan '' Wakefield Harris CBE ( 13 December 1894 -- 3 October 1973 ) was an early twentieth century all-round sportsman regarded as one of the greatest all-rounders to have played for the British and Irish Lions . As a rugby union international , he represented the England in 1920 , and the British Lions in 1924 . He also turned down a place in the Great Britain Olympic squad in 1920 , became a South African boxing champion and represented England in polo , all in between serving in both the First and Second World Wars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dfad35efeb66a039c68a22698a10fe3", "text": "Albert Harris (football manager) Albert Harris was an English amateur footballer who served as both director and manager of Bradford City . Harris was a keen sportsman , who was a free-scoring amateur centre-forward once scoring 89 goals in one season , a speedway rider at Thrum Hall , Halifax and president of Bradford Conservative Games League . In February 1949 he was elected honorary treasurer of the newly formed Bradford City A.F.C. Shareholders and Supporters Association and was later co-opted on to the Bradford City board . As a former footballer he helped assistant manager George Jowett during the 1949-50 season while manager David Steele was ill with heart trouble in Bradford Royal Infirmary . When Steele 's contract was bought out in February 1952 three months before it was due to end , Harris was appointed interim manager while the board of directors chose a new manager . He handled team affairs for just three months taking them to 15th in Division Three ( North ) . He handed over to Ivor Powell and reverted to his director 's duties . Harris resigned from the board in October 1956 but was coaxed out of retirement less than two years later to become vice-chairman . In October 1962 he succeeded Herbert Munro , who resigned through ill-health , as chairman of the club . He remained in the role for just over three years but continued as a board member . He was also elected a life member of Bradford City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "622ab401db2077024e459d6ec5c875d0", "text": "Susan Harris Susan Harris ( born October 28 , 1940 ) is an American television comedy writer and producer . Harris created numerous TV series : Fay , Soap , Loves Me , Loves Me Not , Benson , It Takes Two , The Golden Girls , Empty Nest , Nurses , Good & Evil , The Golden Palace and The Secret Lives of Men . She also wrote or co-wrote all of the episodes of Soap . Her most successful show was The Golden Girls . Harris married television producer Paul Junger Witt on September 18 , 1983 ; he co-produced all the shows she created . She was married from 1965 to 1969 to actor Berkeley Harris , and is the mother of Sam Harris . The first script Harris sold was Then Came Bronson . She then wrote for Love , American Style , All in the Family , The Partridge Family and the TV adaptation of Neil Simon 's Barefoot in the Park . Her abortion episode for the Bea Arthur-starring series Maude in the 1970s won Harris the Humanitas Prize . She would later work with Arthur again in the 1980s when Arthur took one of the lead roles in The Golden Girls . Harris had the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome , which affected her ability to participate in the production of The Golden Girls . In an episode of that show titled `` Sick and Tired '' ( 1989 ) , Harris wrote some of her struggles into the storyline where Arthur 's character Dorothy was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome . It later turned out Harris had an adrenal issue , but she wrote the episode as `` my revenge script for all the people out there who had a disease like that . '' Harris formed the production company Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions with Paul Junger Witt and Tony Thomas . She was honored with the Writers ' Guild 's Paddy Chayefsky Award in 2005 and inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4875f99647246d94c4b8a481d136b83", "text": "Strike Commando 2 Strike Commando 2 ( a.k.a. Trappola diabolica ) is a 1988 action film , starring Brent Huff , Richard Harris and Mary Stavin . It follows Bruno Mattei 's ( who also directed this film ) Strike Commando ( 1987 ) , where Reb Brown plays the lead character ( Huff replaced him in this one ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ff8ad04500e03f5003d62705c4e369d", "text": "Oscar Wilde (play) The play Oscar Wilde , written by Leslie and Sewell Stokes , is based on the life of the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde in which Wilde 's friend , the controversial author and journalist Frank Harris , appears as a character . The play , which contains much of Wilde 's actual writings , starts with Wilde 's literary success and his friendship with Lord Alfred Douglas , turns into a courtroom melodrama , and ends with Wilde as a broken alcoholic after two years in prison . Owing to the play 's subject matter it was never granted a licence by the Lord Chamberlain and could , therefore , only be staged in England at a theatre club where membership was required . The play 's first production at London 's Gate Theatre Studio in 1936 , starred Robert Morley as Wilde and was produced by Norman Marshall . Opening on 29 September , the play ran for six weeks and proved to be one of the theatre 's most successful productions . Later in New York in 1938 , again with Morley in the title role , the play became a major award-winning success on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre where it opened on 10 October and ran for 247 performances . This success launched Robert Morley 's career as a stage actor on both sides of the Atlantic . Coinciding with the Broadway production there was also a four-week revival in London at the Arts Theatre starring Francis L. Sullivan and produced by Ronald Adam , which opened on 25 October 1938 . The play was revived again at the Bolton 's Theatre Club , starring Frank Pettingell and directed by Leslie Stokes , in 1948 . The film Oscar Wilde , based on the Stokes brothers ' play , was released in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c75af7e1c62d5ba0b620e94f9f106383", "text": "Robert Harris (golfer) Robert Harris ( 10 October 1882 -- 17 March 1959 ) was a Scottish amateur golfer . He won the 1925 the Amateur Championship and was the low amateur in the Open Championship the same year . He was the British Walker Cup captain on three occasions . Harris was the son of William Harris , one of the founders of a stationery company , Burns & Harris , in Dundee , Scotland . Harris moved to London and was a member of the Stock Exchange . As well as winning the Amateur Championship in 1925 , he was also twice runner-up , losing 6 & 5 to Harold Hilton in 1913 and 7 & 6 to Roger Wethered in 1923 . His 1925 win over Kenneth Fradgley by 13 & 12 was a record win in the Amateur Championship at the time . Harris was 6 up after 7 holes and 9 up after 18 . He then won 4 of the first 6 of the second round to complete his victory . He wrote a book `` Sixty Years of Golf '' published in 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c331032123be06fb317acec42e398fee", "text": "Harris Church of England Academy Harris Church of England Academy ( formerly Harris School ) is a coeducational Church of England secondary school With academy status , located in Rugby , Warwickshire , England . The school uses the colours black , gold and red . There were 748 students on roll in the 2014-2015 academic year , with 51 teachers and 22 teaching support posts ( full-time equivalent ) . In 2013 the school , then named Harris School , was placed in special measures after an Ofsted report deemed it `` Inadequate '' . It converted to Academy status on 1 January 2014 and changed to its current name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3302f252f78c52edb19f379d6cb00056", "text": "Sporting Blood (1940 film) Sporting Blood is a 1940 American drama film , directed by S. Sylvan Simon for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It stars Robert Young , Maureen O'Sullivan , and Lewis Stone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc88c95baefd83fa05810d9d1e7e5ddb", "text": "Calvin Harris discography Scottish record producer , DJ , singer and songwriter Calvin Harris has released four studio albums , one mix album , three extended plays , 28 singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , 12 promotional singles and 31 music videos . As of November 2014 , Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom . Harris 's debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . The album peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Its first two singles , `` Acceptable in the 80s '' and `` The Girls '' , peaked at numbers 10 and three , respectively , on the UK Singles Chart , while the third single , `` Merrymaking at My Place '' , reached number 43 . In August 2009 , Harris released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and earned a gold certification from the BPI within two months of release . Its lead single , `` I 'm Not Alone '' , became Harris 's first number one on the UK Singles Chart . `` Ready for the Weekend '' was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom . Two more singles were released from the album , `` Flashback '' and `` You Used to Hold Me '' , which reached numbers 18 and 27 on the UK chart , respectively . His third studio album , 18 Months , was released in October 2012 . The album sees Harris stepping away from vocals , instead focusing on the music production . It earned Harris his second consecutive number-one album in his home country . 18 Months also became his first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States , peaking at number 19 , while reaching number two in Ireland , number five in Australia and number eight in Canada . The album 's lead single , `` Bounce '' featuring Kelis , peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and gave Harris his first top-10 entry in Australia , peaking at number seven . The second single , `` Feel So Close '' , also peaked at number two in the UK . The song brought Harris to international prominence , reaching number five in New Zealand and number seven in Australia , as well as becoming his first chart entry as a lead performer on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it charted at number 12 . In 2011 , Harris wrote , produced and was featured on Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which topped the charts in 25 countries , including the United Kingdom , the United States , Ireland and Canada . The third and fourth singles from 18 Months , `` Let 's Go '' ( featuring Ne-Yo ) and `` We 'll Be Coming Back '' ( featuring Example ) , both reached number two on the UK chart , with the former also peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album 's fifth single , `` Sweet Nothing '' featuring Florence Welch , became Harris 's fourth number-one single in the UK and first top-10 single in the US . `` Drinking from the Bottle '' ( featuring Tinie Tempah ) and `` I Need Your Love '' ( featuring Ellie Goulding ) served as the album 's sixth and seventh singles . Having both charted inside the UK top 10 by April 2013 , Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album , overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson . The eighth and final single , `` Thinking About You '' featuring Ayah Marar , peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart . Harris 's fourth studio album , Motion , was released in October 2014 . It peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number five on the US Billboard 200 , his highest-peaking album on the latter chart . The album includes the UK number-one singles `` Under Control '' , `` Summer '' and `` Blame '' , as well as the top-10 single `` Outside '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe458e2dcd1be8ef581656673a15ba19", "text": "Reg Harris Reginald Hargreaves Harris OBE ( 1 March 1920 -- 22 June 1992 ) was a British track racing cyclist in the 1940s and 1950s . He won the world amateur sprint title in 1947 , two Olympic silver medals in 1948 , and the professional title in 1949 , 1950 , 1951 and 1954 . His ferocious will to win made him a household name in the 1950s , but he also surprised many with a comeback more than 20 years later , winning a British title in 1974 at the age of 54 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b172e32db485284c0e68ce45fb43a2b0", "text": "Octopus The octopus ( -LSB- ˈɒktpəs -RSB- or ~ -LSB- əpʊs -RSB- ) is a soft-bodied , eight-armed mollusc of the order Octopoda . The order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids , cuttlefish and nautiloids . Like other cephalopods , the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak , with its mouth at the centre point of the arms . The soft body , with its lack of internal or external skeleton , can rapidly alter its shape , appearance and colour , enabling the octopus to squeeze through small gaps . The mantle cavity is used both for respiration and for locomotion , by expelling a jet of water . Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight , and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates . Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean , including coral reefs , pelagic waters , and the seabed ; some occur in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths . Most species grow fast , mature early and are short-lived . During breeding , the male uses a specially adapted arm to deliver a bundle of sperm directly into the female 's mantle cavity , after which he goes into a decline . The female deposits fertilised eggs in a den and cares for them until they hatch , after which she also dies . Octopuses have numerous strategies for to defend themselves against predators , including the expulsion of ink , the use of camouflage and deimatic displays , their ability to jet quickly through the water , and their ability to hide . They trail their eight arms behind them as they swim . All octopuses are venomous , but only one group , the blue-ringed octopuses , is known to be deadly to humans . Around 300 species are recognised . Octopuses appear in mythology as sea monsters like the Kraken of Norway and the Akkorokamui of the Ainu , and probably the Gorgon of ancient Greece . A battle with an octopus appears in Victor Hugo 's book Toilers of the Sea , inspiring other works such as Ian Fleming 's Octopussy . Octopuses appear in Japanese erotic art , shunga . They are eaten by humans in many parts of the world , especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "16aac9e43276843bba2befd8a250316b", "text": "Grenadiers (fish) Grenadiers or rattails are generally large , brown to black gadiform marine fish of the family Macrouridae . Found at great depths from the Arctic to Antarctic , members of this family are amongst the most abundant of the deep-sea fish . The macrourids form a large and diverse family with 28 extant genera recognized ( well over half of the total species are contained in just three genera , Coelorinchus , Coryphaenoides , and Nezumia ) . They range in length from about 10 cm in Hymenogadus gracilis to 1.5 m in Albatrossia pectoralis . An important commercial fishery exists for the larger species , such as the giant grenadier and Coryphaenoides rupestris . The family as a whole may represent up to 15 % of the deep-sea fish population . Typified by large heads with large mouths and eyes , grenadiers have slender bodies that taper greatly to very thin caudal peduncles or tails ( excluding one species with no tail fin ) : this rat-like tail explains the common name ` rattail ' and the family name Macrouridae , from the Greek makros meaning `` great '' and oura meaning `` tail '' . The first dorsal fin is small , high , and pointed ( and may be spinous ) ; the second dorsal fin runs along the rest of the back and merges with the tail and extensive anal fin . The scales are small . As with many deep-living fish , the lateral line system in grenadiers is well-developed ; it is further aided by numerous chemoreceptors located on the head and lips and chemosensory barbels underneath the chin . Benthic species have gas bladders with unique muscles attached to them . The animals are thought to use these muscles to `` strum '' their gas bladders and produce sound , possibly playing a role in courtship and mate location . Light-producing organs , photophores , are present in some species ; they are located in the middle of the abdomen , just before the anus and underneath the skin . Living at depths from 200 to , grenadiers are the most common benthic fish of the deep ( however , two genera are known to prefer the midwater ) . They may be solitary or may form large schools , as with the roundnose grenadiers . The benthic species are attracted to structural oases , such as hydrothermal vents , cold seeps , and shipwrecks . They are thought to be generalists , feeding on smaller fish , pelagic crustaceans such as shrimp , amphipods , cumaceans , and less often cephalopods and lanternfish . As well as being important apex predators in the benthic habitat , some species are also notable as scavengers . As few rattail larvae have been recovered , little is known of their life histories . They are known to produce a large number ( over 100,000 ) of tiny ( 1 - in diameter ) eggs made buoyant by lipid droplets . The eggs are presumed to float up to the thermocline ( the interface between warmer surface waters and cold , deeper waters ) where they develop . The juveniles remain in shallower waters , gradually migrating to greater depths with age . Spawning may or may not be tied to the seasons , depending on the species . At least one species , Coryphaenoides armatus , is thought to be semelparous ; that is , the adults die after spawning . Nonsemelparous species may live to 56 years or more . The macrourids , in general , are thought to have low resilience ; commercially exploited species may be overfished and this could soon lead to a collapse of their fisheries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fe7f31ae9e83bbed9c04a2356324b6b", "text": "Octopus wolfi Octopus wolfi is the smallest known octopus . It is found in fairly shallow waters in the western Pacific . It is characterised by a pattern of `` papillate fringes '' around the edge of the suckers near the arm tip . Its length is less than 2.5 cm and it weighs less than 1 g . It is found in the western Pacific Ocean at depths between 10 and .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d9057179bae27d47db989eae6f14e1", "text": "Gastropoda The Gastropoda or gastropods , more commonly known as snails and slugs , are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca . The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from microscopic to large . There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slugs , as well as freshwater snails , freshwater limpets , land snails and land slugs . The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species , second only to the insects in overall number . The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian . There are 611 families of gastropods known , of which 202 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record . Gastropoda ( previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled `` Gasteropoda '' ) are a major part of the phylum Mollusca , and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum , with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species . The anatomy , behavior , feeding , and reproductive adaptations of gastropods vary significantly from one clade or group to another . Therefore , it is difficult to state many generalities for all gastropods . The class Gastropoda has an extraordinary diversification of habitats . Representatives live in gardens , woodland , deserts , and on mountains ; in small ditches , great rivers and lakes ; in estuaries , mudflats , the rocky intertidal , the sandy subtidal , in the abyssal depths of the oceans including the hydrothermal vents , and numerous other ecological niches , including parasitic ones . Although the name `` snail '' can be , and often is , applied to all the members of this class , commonly this word means only those species with an external shell big enough that the soft parts can withdraw completely into it . Those gastropods without a shell , and those with only a very reduced or internal shell , are usually known as slugs ; those with a shell into which they can not withdraw are termed limpets . The marine shelled species of gastropod include edible species such as abalone , conches , periwinkles , whelks , and numerous other sea snails that produce seashells that are coiled in the adult stage -- though in some , the coiling may not be very visible , for example in cowries . In a number of families of species , such as all the various limpets , the shell is coiled only in the larval stage , and is a simple conical structure after that .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c17b6f42bf01962486fb2490b09343b", "text": "Mantle (mollusc) The mantle ( also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle , robe or cloak , adjective pallial ) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs : it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself . In many species of molluscs the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin , and creates a shell . In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal . The words mantle and pallium both originally meant cloak or cape , see mantle ( vesture ) . This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle , usually referred to as the mantle margin , extend far beyond the main part of the body , forming flaps , double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses , including for example , the siphon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d293c446b17d1eb5a20beeb81c36707", "text": "Abdopus Abdopus is a genus of octopuses in the family Octopodidae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f55bf5ee4697072928b462fcde0b675", "text": "Enteroctopus magnificus Enteroctopus magnificus , also known as the southern giant octopus , is a large octopus in the genus Enteroctopus . It is native to the waters off Namibia and South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "003cdde508cdb95fe9d8ca06b1b6a4d2", "text": "Animat Animat ( third-person indicative present of the Latin verb animō ) , meaning to `` animate , give or bring life '' . Animats are artificial animals , a contraction of animal-materials . The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations . Animat research , a subset of Artificial Life studies , has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks ' seminal paper `` Intelligence without representation '' . The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1985 , in `` Knowledge growth in an artificial animal '' , published in the first Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications . An example using the Animat model as proposed by Wilson is discussed at some length in chapter 9 of Stan Franklin 's book , Artificial Minds . In this implementation , the animat is capable of independent learning about its environment through application and evolution of pattern-matching rules called `` taxons '' . In 2001 Thomas DeMarse performed studies on ` Neurally controlled animat ' . Every two years , the Society of Adaptive Behaviour meets and produces a proceedings on this topic . They also have a journal , Adaptive Behavior . Alan H Goldstein has proposed that , because nanobiotechnology is in the process of creating real animal-materials , speculative use of this term should be discouraged and its application become purely phenomenological . Based on the Animat Test ( contained in the reference `` I , Nanobot . '' ) any nonbiological material or entity that exhibits the minimum set of behaviors that define a life form is , de facto , an Animat . Goldstein 's basic premise is that in the age of nanobiotechnology it is necessary to follow the chemistry and molecular engineering rather than watching for the emergence of some pre-conceived minimum level of ` intelligence ' such as an artificial neural network capable of adaptive phenomena . Goldstein has cautioned that there is a serious disconnect between the fields of nanobiotechnology and A-life based on profound differences in scientific training , experimental systems , and the different sets of terminology ( jargon ) these two fields have produced . Nanobiotechnologists ( really molecular engineers who work with both biological and nonbiological molecules ) are generally not concerned with complex systems per se ; even when they are building molecular interconnects between such systems , e.g. neuroelectronic splices . A-Life researchers mainly take a systems-level approach . The enormous transformative power of novel molecular engineering has the potential to create Animats , true nonbiological life forms , whose relatively simple behavior would not fit into most standard A-Life paradigms . As a result , Goldstein argues , the first Animats may come into being completely unrecognized by either scientific community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80d6a31d059e775a17c7f154b7a2a40e", "text": "Starfish Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea . Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids , which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or `` basket stars '' . About 1,500 species of starfish occur on the seabed in all the world 's oceans , from the tropics to frigid polar waters . They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths , 6000 m below the surface . Starfish are marine invertebrates . They typically have a central disc and five arms , though some species have a larger number of arms . The aboral or upper surface may be smooth , granular or spiny , and is covered with overlapping plates . Many species are brightly coloured in various shades of red or orange , while others are blue , grey or brown . Starfish have tube feet operated by a hydraulic system and a mouth at the centre of the oral or lower surface . They are opportunistic feeders and are mostly predators on benthic invertebrates . Several species have specialized feeding behaviours including eversion of their stomachs and suspension feeding . They have complex life cycles and can reproduce both sexually and asexually . Most can regenerate damaged parts or lost arms and they can shed arms as a means of defence . The Asteroidea occupy several significant ecological roles . Starfish , such as the ochre sea star ( Pisaster ochraceus ) and the reef sea star ( Stichaster australis ) , have become widely known as examples of the keystone species concept in ecology . The tropical crown-of-thorns starfish ( Acanthaster planci ) is a voracious predator of coral throughout the Indo-Pacific region , and the northern Pacific sea star is considered to be one of the world 's 100 worst invasive species . The fossil record for starfish is ancient , dating back to the Ordovician around 450 million years ago , but it is rather poor , as starfish tend to disintegrate after death . Only the ossicles and spines of the animal are likely to be preserved , making remains hard to locate . With their appealing symmetrical shape , starfish have played a part in literature , legend , design and popular culture . They are sometimes collected as curios , used in design or as logos , and in some cultures , despite possible toxicity , they are eaten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b54582a0f9acaa008d72daa1cdea6a7", "text": "Olfactory toxicity in fish The olfactory system is the system related to the sense of smell ( olfaction ) . Many fish activities are dependent on olfaction , such as : mating , discriminating kin , avoiding predators , locating food , contaminant avoidance , imprinting and homing . These activities are referred to as `` olfactory-mediated . '' Impairment of the olfactory system threatens survival and has been used as an ecologically relevant sub-lethal toxicological endpoint for fish within studies . Olfactory information is received by sensory neurons , like the olfactory nerve , that are in a covered cavity separated from the aquatic environment by mucus . Since they are in almost direct contact with the surrounding environment , these neurons are vulnerable to environmental changes . Fish can detect natural chemical cues in aquatic environments at concentrations as low as parts per billion ( ppb ) or parts per trillion ( ppt ) . Studies have shown that exposures to metals , pesticides , or surfactants can disrupt fish olfaction , which can impact their survival and reproductive success . Many studies have indicated copper as a source of olfactory toxicity in fishes , among other common substances . Olfactory toxicity can occur by multiple , complex Modes of Toxic Action .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbb671bd2b287efbebb7d29daf58cd3", "text": "List of cnidarians of Ireland There are 302 species of cnidarians ( phylum Cnidaria ) recorded in Ireland . The cnidarians ' distinguishing feature is cnidocytes , specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey . Their bodies consist of mesoglea , a non-living jelly-like substance , sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick . They have two basic body forms : swimming medusae and sessile polyps , both of which are radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes . Both forms have a single orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration . Many cnidarian species produce colonies that are single organisms composed of medusa-like or polyp-like zooids , or both ( hence they are trimorphic ) . Cnidarians found in Ireland and Irish waters include sea pens , sea anemones , hydroids , sea jellies ( `` jellyfish '' ) and corals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31d1c28158201e21d0adccdc2517e0a2", "text": "Hypoathroid The term hypoathroid ( Ancient Greek hypo - , `` under '' + - athroid , `` gathered together '' ) is used to describe the arrangement of ganglia in the nervous system of molluscs . In the hypoathroid state , the pleural ganglia of the `` chest '' and the pedal ganglia of the `` feet '' lie close to each other more or less underneath the gut , and they communicate with the cerebral ganglia via long connectives . It is a condition that is characteristic of the Archaeogastropoda clade , and represents one end of a three-part spectrum of such arrangements , the other two being the dystenoid system in which the pleural and cerebral ganglia are closer together but still distinctly separate , and the epiathroid condition in which the pleural , pedal , and cerebral ganglia all lie close together ( characteristic , for example , of the Mesogastropoda and Neogastropoda . The centralization of the nervous system generally is considered evidence of an evolutionary advancement among molluscs , while the more diffuse condition is viewed as a sign of evolutionary proximity to the hypothetical `` archimollusc '' ancestor of all molluscs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "406dbe96bcbb7828617f883f169bfafa", "text": "Teretoctopus Teretoctopus is a genus of octopuses in the family Octopodidae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "645a8c35bab6115bd690eabf982dc4e2", "text": "Halteres In dipterous insects , halteres ( -LSB- hælˈtɪəriːz -RSB- singular halter or haltere ) are minute dumbbell-shaped organs that have been modified from hindwings to provide a means of encoding body rotations during flight . Halteres are rapidly oscillated simultaneously with the wings , allowing them to experience forces resulting from body rotations . If the body of the insect rotates about one of its three axes ( yaw , pitch or roll ) , the rotation exerts a force on the vibrating halteres -- this is known as the Coriolis effect ( see below ) . The insect detects this force with sensory organs called campaniform sensilla and chordotonal organs located at the base of the halteres and uses this information to interpret and correct its position in space . Halteres act as a balance and guidance system by providing rapid feedback to the wing-steering muscles , as well as those responsible for stabilizing the head . This is what allows flies to perform their fast acrobatic maneuvers . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6af0dd000f0c9b2520e7f4d495917c3", "text": "Octopus bimaculatus Octopus bimaculatus , the California two-spot octopus or Verrill 's two-spot octopus , is an octopus common in the subtidal and intertidal zone of Southern California . It is often confused with the related species Octopus bimaculoides , and the common name `` California two-spot octopus '' is often applied to both species .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "235ce0e9e87cbc0e88ee87e7c4e16b52", "text": "Octocorallia Octocorallia ( also known Alcyonaria ) is a subclass of Anthozoa comprising around 3,000 species of water-based organisms formed of colonial polyps with 8-fold symmetry . It includes the blue coral , soft corals , sea pens , and gorgonians ( sea fans and sea whips ) within three orders : Alcyonacea , Helioporacea , and Pennatulacea . These organisms have an internal skeleton secreted by mesoglea and polyps with eight tentacles and eight mesentaries . As with all Cnidarians these organisms have a complex life cycle including a motile phase when they are considered plankton and later characteristic sessile phase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c17452884e1687a98ebe369ee04a4ad0", "text": "Oarfish Oarfish are large , greatly elongated , pelagic lampriform fish belonging to the small family Regalecidae . Found in all temperate to tropical oceans yet rarely seen , the oarfish family contains four species in two genera . One of these , the giant oarfish ( Regalecus glesne ) , is the longest bony fish alive , growing up to 11 m in length . That is not enough to qualify as the longest fish , however , as some of the cartilaginous fish such as the basking shark and whale shark are even longer . The common name oarfish is thought to be in reference either to their highly compressed and elongated bodies , or to the now discredited belief that the fish `` row '' themselves through the water with their pelvic fins . The family name Regalecidae is derived from the Latin regalis , meaning `` royal '' . The occasional beachings of oarfish after storms , and their habit of lingering at the surface when sick or dying , make oarfish a probable source of many sea serpent tales . Although the larger species are considered game fish and are fished commercially to a minor extent , oarfish are rarely caught alive ; their flesh is not well regarded for eating due to its gelatinous consistency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40760a86944f881f6abf0c969626a54a", "text": "Mucophagy Mucophagy ( literally `` mucus feeding '' ) is feeding on mucus of fishes or invertebrates . It may also refer to consumption of mucus or dried mucus in primates . There are mucophagous parasites , such as some sea lice that attach themselves to gill segments of fish . Mucophages may serve as cleaners of other animals . Another usage of this term is in reference to the feeding organ rich in mucous cells which pumps the water through , feeding particles get entrapped in mucus , and the latter proceeds into the esophagus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b06641c2bfcb672c4010d0f7197fec3f", "text": "Clasper In biology , a clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals , used in mating . Male cartilaginous fish have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve as intromittent organs used to channel semen into the female 's cloaca during mating . The act of mating in some fish including sharks usually includes one of the claspers raised to allow water into the siphon through a specific orifice . The clasper is then inserted into the cloaca , where it opens like an umbrella to anchor its position . The siphon then begins to contract expelling water and sperm . Male chimaeras have cephalic claspers ( tenacula ) on their heads , which are thought to aid in holding the female during mating . In entomology , it is a structure in male insects that is used to hold the female during copulation ( see Lepidoptera genitalia for more ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4de7c4a52e91882afa733fa910e79cc6", "text": "Mollusc shell The mollusc ( or molluskOften spelled mollusk shell in the USA ; the spelling `` mollusc '' are preferred by ) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses , supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca , which includes snails , clams , tusk shells , and several other classes . Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea ; many live on the land and in freshwater . The ancestral mollusc is thought to have had a shell , but this has subsequently been lost or reduced on some families , such as the squid , octopus , and some smaller groups such as the caudofoveata and solenogastres , and the highly derived Xenoturbella . Today , over 100,000 living species bear a shell ; there is some dispute as to whether these shell-bearing molluscs form a monophyletic group ( conchifera ) or whether shell-less molluscs are interleaved into their family tree . Malacology , the scientific study of molluscs as living organisms , has a branch devoted to the study of shells , and this is called conchology -- although these terms used to be , and to a minor extent still are , used interchangeably , even by scientists ( this is more common in Europe ) . Within some species of molluscs , there is often a wide degree of variation in the exact shape , pattern , ornamentation , and color of the shell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f84941b8c8447ae3036e3cc303fe7ba", "text": "Creature of statute A creature of statute ( also known as creature of the state ) is a legal entity , such as a corporation , created by statute . Creatures of statute may include municipalities and other artificial legal entities or relationships . Thus , when a statute in some fashion requires the formation of a corporate body -- often for governmental purposes -- such bodies when formed are known as `` creatures of statute . '' The same concept is also expressed with the phrase `` creature of the state . '' The term `` creature of statute '' is most common to the United States . In the United Kingdom , these bodies are simply called statutory corporations ( or statutory bodies ) and generally have some governmental function . The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority is an example . In a wider sense , most companies in the UK are created under statute since the Companies Act 1985 specifies how a company may be created by a member of the public , but these companies are not called ` statutory corporations ' . Often , in American legal and business documents that speak of governing bodies ( e.g. , a board that governs small businesses in China ) these bodies are described as `` creatures of statute '' to inform readers of their origins and format although the national governments that created them may not term them as creatures of statute . Australia also uses the term `` creature of statute '' to describe some governmental bodies . The importance of a corporate body , regardless of its exact function , when such a body is a creature of statute is that its active functions can only be within the scope detailed by the statute which created that corporation . Thereby , the creature of statute is the tangible manifestation of the functions or work described by a given statute . The jurisdiction of a body that is a creature of statute is also therefore limited to the functional scope written into the laws that created that body . Unlike most ( private ) corporate bodies , creatures of statute can not expand their business interests into other diverse areas .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d969224dbfa75588c391d06ce227a2f0", "text": "U2 U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976 . The group consists of Bono ( lead vocals and rhythm guitar ) , the Edge ( lead guitar , keyboards , and backing vocals ) , Adam Clayton ( bass guitar ) , and Larry Mullen Jr. ( drums and percussion ) . Initially rooted in post-punk , U2 's sound grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music , yet has maintained an anthemic sound built on Bono 's expressive vocals and the Edge 's effects-based guitar textures . Their lyrics , often embellished with spiritual imagery , focus on personal themes and sociopolitical concerns . Popular for their live performances , the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career . The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency . Within four years , they signed with Island Records and released their debut album , Boy ( 1980 ) . Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album , War ( 1983 ) , and the singles `` Sunday Bloody Sunday '' and `` Pride ( In the Name of Love ) '' helped establish U2 's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group . By the mid-1980s , they had become renowned globally for their live act , highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985 . The group 's fifth album , The Joshua Tree ( 1987 ) , made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success . Topping music charts around the world , it produced their only number-one singles in the US , `` With or Without You '' and `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' . Facing a backlash and creative stagnation , U2 reinvented themselves in the 1990s through a new musical direction and public image . Beginning with their acclaimed seventh album , Achtung Baby ( 1991 ) , and the multimedia intensive Zoo TV Tour , the band integrated influences from alternative rock , electronic dance music , and industrial music into their sound , and embraced a more ironic , flippant image . This experimentation continued through their ninth album , Pop ( 1997 ) , and the PopMart Tour , which were mixed successes . U2 regained critical and commercial favour with the records All That You Ca n't Leave Behind ( 2000 ) and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb ( 2004 ) , which established a more conventional , mainstream sound for the group . Their U2 360 ° Tour of 2009 -- 2011 is the highest-attended and highest-grossing concert tour in history . The group 's thirteenth album , Songs of Innocence ( 2014 ) , was released at no cost through the iTunes Store , but received criticism for its automatic placement in users ' music libraries . U2 have released 13 studio albums and are one of the world 's best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 170 million records worldwide . They have won 22 Grammy Awards , more than any other band , and in 2005 , they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked U2 at number 22 on its list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . Throughout their career , as a band and as individuals , they have campaigned for human rights and philanthropic causes , including Amnesty International , Jubilee 2000 , the ONE/DATA campaigns , Product Red , War Child , and Music Rising .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8ce03da49cf60d1426dc109bd94ca185", "text": "Irish folk music (1970–79)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4597b7d9fde7c324b3087b6819423d25", "text": "Seisún A seisún ( from Irish Gaelic ) , or pub session is an event in which musicians gather together to play traditional Irish music , frequently in a pub . Seisúns , also spelled sessions are common in many parts of the Anglophone world . Category : Celtic music Category : Irish music Category : Musical improvisation", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ba1ab8115403dadfaf1f7074a311831", "text": "List of Irish words used in the English language For a list of Irish words that have been imported into English , see the list of English words of Irish origin . For help with pronunciation , see Help : IPA , Help : IPA for Irish , and Irish phonology . Irish words used in English in modern Ireland without being assimilated to English forms include : Amhrán na bhFiann : National Anthem of Ireland ( literally `` Soldiers Song '' ) pronounced ( -LSB- / ˈəuɾˠaːn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈvʲiːən̪ˠ / -RSB- ) Áras an Uachtaráin : Residence of the President pronounced -LSB- / ˈɑːrəs ən ˈuəxt̪ərɑːnʲ / -RSB- Ardfheis : Party conference ( used by Fianna Fáil , Fine Gael and Sinn Féin ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈɑːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈɛɕ / -RSB- Ard-Rí : High King ( title used in the Middle Ages ) pronounced -LSB- / ɑːrd riː / -RSB- Bord Fáilte : Irish Tourist Board ( literally `` Welcome Board '' ; now called Fáilte Ireland ) pronounced -LSB- / boːrd ˈfɑːʎtʲə / -RSB- Bunreacht na hÉireann : Constitution of Ireland pronounced -LSB- / ˈbunraxt nə ˈheːrʲən / -RSB- Ceann Comhairle : Chairman of Dáil Éireann pronounced -LSB- / kʲaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːrʎə / -RSB- Dáil Éireann : House of Representatives ( lower house of the Irish Parliament ) pronounced -LSB- / d̪ˠaːlʲ ˈeːrʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Éire : Ireland pronounced -LSB- / ˈeːɾʲə / -RSB- Fianna Fáil : Irish political party ( literally `` Soldiers of Destiny '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˌfʲiənə ˈfɔːlʲ / -RSB- Fine Gael : Irish political party ( literally `` Family of the Gael '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈfʲɪnʲə ˈɡeːl̪ˠ / -RSB- Gaeltacht : Irish-speaking area pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡeːɫ̪t̪ˠəxt̪ˠ / -RSB- Garda : police officer ( plural Gardaí ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡaːrd̪ə / -RSB- , pl . -LSB- / ˈɡaːɾˠd̪ˠiː / -RSB- Garda Síochána : Irish police service ( literally `` Guardian of the Peace '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡaːrd̪ə ˈʃiːxaːn̪ˠə n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Oireachtas : ( National Parliament ) pronounced -LSB- / ɛrʲaxt̪ˠasˠ / -RSB- Príomh Aire : Prime Minister ( 1919 -- 1921 only ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈpʲrʲiːv ˈarʲə / -RSB- Punt : Irish pound ( currency , now replaced by the euro ) pronounced -LSB- / punt / -RSB- Raidió Teilifís Éireann : National broadcasting service ( RTÉ ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈradʲo ˈtʲɛlʲəfʲiːʃ ˈeːrʲən / -RSB- Saorstát Éireann : Irish Free State pronounced -LSB- / ˈsiːrˌstɑːt ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Seanad Éireann : Irish Senate ( upper house of the Irish Parliament ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Sinn Féin : Irish political party ( literally `` Our-selves '' ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈʃiɲ fʲeːnʲ / -RSB- Sliotar : Ball used in hurling ( see Gaelic Athletic Association ) pronounced -LSB- / ʃlʲɪt̪ˠəɾˠ / -RSB- Tánaiste : Deputy Prime Minister pronounced -LSB- / ˈtɑːnəʃtʲə / -RSB- Taoiseach : Prime Minister ( literally `` Chieftain '' ) pronounced -LSB- t̪ˠiːʃəx -RSB- Teachta Dála : Member of the lower house of Parliament ( TD ) pronounced -LSB- / ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə / -RSB- Uachtarán na hÉireann : President of Ireland pronounced -LSB- / ˈuəxt̪ˠəɾˠɑːn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB- Údarás na Gaeltachta : Development Authority for the Gaeltacht pronounced -LSB- / ˈuːdərɑːs nə ˈɡeːltəxtə / -RSB- Other , more informal terms include : banshee -- bean sí . barmbrack -- An Irish fruit loaf . ó bairín breac , speckled loaf . bodhrán -- A winnowing drum used as a musical instrument . bog -- ( from bogach meaning `` marsh/peatland '' ) a wetland ( according to OED ) . bonnaught -- A type of billeting or a billeted soldier . From Irish buannacht , billeting or billeting tax . boreen -- ( from bóithrín meaning `` small road '' ) a narrow rural road in Ireland . brat -- a cloak or overall -- now only in regional dialects ( from Old Irish bratt meaning `` cloak , cloth '' ) brehon -- A judge of ancient Irish law . From Irish breitheamh . brogue -- ( from bróg meaning `` shoe '' ) a type of shoe ( OED ) . brogue -- A strong regional accent , especially an Irish or one . Not as the OED says , a reference to the footwear of speakers of the brogue , but from barróg , an Irish word for a lisp or accent . callow -- A river meadow , a landing-place , from Irish caladh . camogie -- From Irish camóg , small hooked object , a camogue . The women 's equivalent of hurling . carrageen -- moss . From Irish carraigín , ` little rock ' . carrow -- An ancient Irish gambler , from cearrbhach . caubeen -- An Irish beret , adopted as part of the uniform of Irish regiments of the British Army . From cáibín . clabber -- also bonny-clabber ( from clábar and bainne clábair ) curdled milk . clarsach -- An ancient Irish and Scottish harp , from Irish cláirseach . clock O.Ir . clocc meaning `` bell '' . Probably entered Germanic via the hand-bells used by early Irish missionaries . coccagee Cac na gé -- goose shit . The name of a type of cider apple found in Ireland , so called for its green colour . colcannon -- A kind of ` bubble and squeak ' . Probably from cál ceannfhionn , white headed cabbage . colleen -- ( from cailín meaning `` a girl '' ) . conk -- Slang term for a big nose . The term Old Conky was a nickname for the Duke of Wellington . Dinneen gives coinncín as ` a prominent nose ' and this seems to be related to terms like geanc , meaning a snub nose . coshering -- Nothing to do with Jewish dietary law . Coshering ( from Irish cóisir , feast ) was when a lord went round staying with his subjects and expecting to be entertained . Because of this cóisireacht can mean ` sponging ' in Modern Irish , though cóisir usually just means a party . coyne -- A kind of billeting , from Irish coinmheadh . crock - As in ' A crock of gold ' , from Irish cnoc . cross -- The ultimate source of this word is Latin crux . The English word comes from Old Irish cros via Old Norse kross . crubeens - Pig 's feet , from Irish Crúibín . cudeigh -- A night 's lodging , from Irish cuid na hoíche . curragh -- An Irish boat made from skins or tarred canvas stretched over a wooden frame . Irish currach . drum , drumlin -- from Irish droim , droimlín . A ridge or small hill of glacial origin , such as in the landscape of Down . drisheen -- is a type of black pudding associated with Cork . From drisín . dudeen -- A clay pipe , from Irish dúidín . dulse -- From Irish duileasc , originally meaning water leaf . A type of edible seaweed . erenagh -- A hereditary holder of church lands . Irish aircheannach . esker -- From eiscir , an elongated ridge of post-glacial gravel , usually along a river valley ( OED ) . Fenian -- From Fianna meaning `` semi-independent warrior band '' , a member of a 19th-century Irish nationalist group ( OED ) . fiacre -- a small four-wheeled carriage for hire , a hackney-coach , associated with St Fiacre area of Paris . Named for Saint Fiachra . fiorin -- A type of long grass , derived from Irish feorthainn . Gallowglass -- ( from gallóglach ) a Scottish Gaelic mercenary soldier in Ireland between mid 13th and late 16th centuries . galore -- ( from go leor meaning `` plenty '' ) a lot . gillaroo -- A type of fish . From Irish giolla rua , red lad . glib -- An obsolete term for a kind of haircut associated with warriors ( because it protected the forehead ) banned by the English . Irish glib , fringe . glom - ( from glám ) To become too attached to someone . gob -- ( literally beak ) mouth . From Irish gob . ( OED ) grouse -- In slang sense of grumble , perhaps from gramhas , meaning grin , grimace , ugly face . griskin -- ( from griscín ) a lean cut of meat from the loin of a pig , a chop . hooligan -- ( from the Irish family name Ó hUallacháin , anglicised as Hooligan or Hoolihan ) . keening -- From caoinim ( meaning `` I wail '' ) to lament , to wail mournfully ( OED . kern -- An outlaw or a common soldier . From ceithearn or ceithearnach , still the word in Irish for a pawn in chess . Leprechaun -- a fairy or spirit ( from leipreachán ) Limerick -- ( from Luimneach ) . The limerick form was particularly associated in the 18th century with a group of Irish language poets called Filí na Máighe . lough -- ( from loch ) a lake , or arm of the sea . madder -- Also mether . A traditional square-sided wooden drinking vessel , Irish meadar . merrow -- An Irish mermaid . Irish murúch . moiley An ancient breed of Irish hornless cattle , from maol , bald or hornless . mucker - ( from mo chara ) A friend ogham Ancient Irish alphabet . The Irish is also ogham ( pronounced oh-um ) . omadhaun - A fool , from Irish amadán . orrery A mechanical model of solar system , named for the Earl of Orrery . This is an old Irish tribal name , Orbhraighe . pampootie -- pampúta A kind of shoe with good grip worn by men in the Aran Islands . phoney -- ( probably from the English fawney meaning `` gilt brass ring used by swindlers '' , which is from Irish fáinne meaning `` ring '' ) fake . pinkeen -- From pincín , a minnow or an insignificant person . This in turn comes from English pink + Irish diminutive -- ín . pollan -- A fish found in Irish loughs , Irish pollán . pookawn -- A fishing boat , from Irish púcán . poteen -- ( from poitín ) hooch , bootleg alcoholic drink . puck -- ( in hockey ) Almost certainly from Irish poc , according to the OED . puss -- As in sourpuss , comes from Irish pus , a pouting mouth . rapparee -- An Irish highwayman , from ropaire ( a stabber ) rath -- A strong circular earthen wall forming an enclosure and serving as a fort and residence for a tribal chief . From Irish rath . shamrock -- ( from seamróg ) a shamrock , diminutive of seamair , clover , used as a symbol for Ireland . Shan Van Vocht -- ( from seanbhean bhocht meaning `` poor old woman '' ) a literary name for Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries . Shanty - A poorly built home in a slum area ( from sean tigh , meaning `` an old house '' ) . shebeen -- ( from síbín meaning `` illicit whiskey , poteen '' , apparently a diminutive of síob , which means drift , blow , ride ) unlicensed house selling alcohol ( OED ) . shillelagh -- ( from sail éille meaning `` a beam with a strap '' ) a wooden club or cudgel made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob on the end . shoneen -- A West Brit , an Irishman who apes English customs . From Irish Seoinín , a little John ( in a Gaelic version of the English form , Seon , not the Irish Seán ) . Sidhe Modern Sí -- the fairies , fairyland . slauntiagh -- An obsolete word for sureties or guarantees , which comes from Irish sláinteacha with the same meaning . sleveen , sleiveen -- ( from slíbhín ) an untrustworthy or cunning person . Used in Ireland and Newfoundland ( OED ) . slew -- ( from slua meaning `` a large number '' ) a great amount ( OED ) . slob -- ( from slab ) mud ( OED ) . slogan -- ( from sluaghairm meaning `` a battle-cry used by Gaelic clans '' ) . I think this is more likely to be of Scottish origin . slug - ( from slog ) A swig of a drink . e.g. . A slug of red eye smithereens small fragments , atoms . In phrases such as ` to explode into smithereens ' . This is the Irish word smidiríní . This is obviously Irish because of the -- ín ending but the basic word seems to be Germanic , something to do with the work of a smith . spalpeen -- A migratory labourer in Ireland . From spailpín . tanist -- The deputy and successor of a chieftain or religious leader . A term used in anthropology . From Irish tánaiste , secondary person . tilly -- ( from tuilleadh meaning `` a supplement '' ) used in Newfoundland to refer to an additional luck-penny . It is used by Joyce in the first chapter of Ulysses . tory -- Originally an Irish outlaw , probably from the word tóraí meaning `` pursuer '' . trousers -- From Irish triús . turlough -- A seasonal lake in limestone area ( OED ) . Irish turloch ` dry lake . ' uilleann pipes -- Irish bellows-blown bagpipes . Uilleann is Irish for ` elbow ' . usker -- From Irish uscar , a jewel sewn into an item of clothing . whiskey -- From uisce beatha meaning `` water of life '' . Other words Bualadh bos ( A round of applause ) Camán ( hurley ) Cipín ( Small stick/firekindling ) Crúibín ( Pigs foot ) Fáilte ( Welcome ) Fláithiúil ( Excessively/uncommonly generous ) Grá ( Great love or affection for someone/something ) Is maith liom ( I like/It 's good ) Lúdramán ( Fool ) Lúdar ( Fool ) Meas ( High regard/respect for someone/something ) Óinseach ( Fool , generally female ) Plámás ( Excessive/Insincere praise or flattery ) Sceach ( Any thorny bush , sceach gheal ( Hawthorn ) ) Sláinte ( Cheers | Good Health ) Slán ( Safe , whole , healthy , complete ) ( Shortened version of go dté tu slán ( `` may you go safely '' ) , used as modern equivalent of the French au revoir or English see you . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "639f9f352dddbe6a79dbd53b22d546f8", "text": "Tryin' to Throw Your Arms Around the World `` Tryin ' to Throw Your Arms Around the World '' is the ninth track from U2 's 1991 album , Achtung Baby . It is a tongue in cheek song about stumbling home drunk from a night out on the town . It is dedicated to the Flaming Colossus nightclub in Los Angeles . The album version includes keyboard playing by producer Brian Eno . During live performances on 1992-93 's Zoo TV Tour , lead singer Bono would spray a bottle of champagne towards the audience . It was played 136 times out of the 159 times on the tour , but has not been performed since then . However , it was snippeted at three concerts during the final leg of the U2 360 Tour in July 2011 . The song was edited out of the live video release Zoo TV : Live from Sydney ; it was later revealed that the concert ran long and the song needed to be edited in order to fit the concert into a two-hour timeslot . The line `` a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle '' is a quotation from Irina Dunn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a5203526ab289c4f427df3836c63c4", "text": "Irish Uruguayan Irish Uruguayans are Uruguayan people with Irish ancestry . There are an estimated 120,000 Irish Uruguayans in Uruguay , many of them living in the capital of Montevideo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2998f230850d7bdfc55e501c269a30ea", "text": "Timeline of U2 This is a timeline of the history of rock band U2 :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ddf1fb9a99f70d3371c160416c327ce", "text": "Mai-Dun Mai-Dun is an orchestral work composed in 1921 by John Ireland ( 18791962 ) . He called it a symphonic rhapsody ; another description might be tone poem . In 1931 , he arranged it for piano four hands . In British Celtic , `` Mai-dun '' means `` great hill '' . Ireland 's piece is a musical evocation of a notable iron age fort : Maiden Castle , Dorset , nearby the house of the English novelist and poet Thomas Hardy ( 18401928 ) whose name for the place Ireland adopted . It has been said that , `` ancient sites with echoes of the supernatural , including the Channel Islands , inform some of Ireland 's few orchestral pieces '' ; and of Mai-Dun itself that , `` it is a strong piece , aggressive at times , resourcefully scored , and Ireland 's imagination was ignited by the largest hill-fort in England , dating from 3000BC , and its violent history . '' A typical performance takes about 12 1/2 minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ee30b4c9914c10416c39fd11cdb9183", "text": "Uaithne In Irish mythology , Uaithne / ˈuənʲə / is the harp which belongs to The Dagda . It is sometimes called Dur da Blá , The Oak of Two Blossoms , and sometimes Coir cethar chuin , the Four Angled Music . After the Second Battle of Mag Tuired the Fomorians had taken The Dagda 's harp with them . The Dagda found it in a feasting-house wherein Bres and his father Elathan were also . The Dagda had bound the music so that it would not sound until he would call to it . After he called to it , it sprang from the wall , came to the Dagda and killed nine men on its way . `` An Uaithne '' is also the original name of Irish choir Anúna . In The Cattle-Raid of Fraech , its name is given as meaning ` Child-Birth ' , and that Boannd has three sons that were the three ` chants ' of Uaithne . The Sorrow-strain , Joy-strain and Sleep strain , stating the origin of these three as `` The time the woman was at the bearing of children it had a cry of sorrow with the soreness of the pangs at first : it was smile and joy it played in the middle for the pleasure of bringing forth the two sons : it was a sleep of soothingness played the last son , on account of the heaviness of the birth , so that it is from him that the third of the music has been named . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a772fa3d9e5819c02818a86e98cc51", "text": "Is It a Sin `` Is It a Sin '' is a song by British electronic group Deepest Blue . It was released in May 2004 as the third single from their debut album Late September . It reached number 24 in the UK Singles Chart . The track shares a common echoed guitar riff with U2 , which can be found prominently in U2 's `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' and other U2 songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b710e41d7f02527707dbfa2c66a4f7a", "text": "Love Is Blindness `` Love Is Blindness '' is a song by rock band U2 , and the twelfth and final track on their 1991 album Achtung Baby . The song was written on piano by lead singer Bono during the recording sessions for U2 's 1988 album Rattle and Hum . Originally intending to give the song to singer Nina Simone , the band decided to keep it for Achtung Baby after playing it together . Thematically , the song describes a failing romance , mixing personal themes with imagery of metaphorical acts of terrorism . During the recording sessions for Achtung Baby , guitarist the Edge separated from his wife , Aislinn O'Sullivan . The separation had a major effect on the development of the song ; Bono said that the ending guitar solo was a cathartic experience for the Edge , as he snapped several guitar strings during the recording . `` Love Is Blindness '' made its live debut on the group 's 1992 -- 1993 Zoo TV Tour and was performed regularly during the tour , appearing in 154 of its 157 concerts . It was commonly played as either the penultimate or closing song ; as the penultimate song , it was usually followed by a rendition of the Elvis Presley song `` Ca n't Help Falling in Love '' . Following the tour , `` Love Is Blindness '' has been played live only two other times . The track was favourably received by critics and has been covered by multiple artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21f4b06cbce0ebb3109e5052aa35e1e4", "text": "Running to Stand Still `` Running to Stand Still '' is a song by rock band U2 , and it is the fifth track from their 1987 album , The Joshua Tree . A slow ballad based on piano and guitar , it describes a heroin-addicted couple living in Dublin 's Ballymun flats ; the towers have since become associated with the song . Though a lot of time was dedicated to the lyrics , the music was improvised with co-producer Daniel Lanois during a recording session for the album . The group explored American music for The Joshua Tree , and as such , `` Running to Stand Still '' demonstrates folk rock and acoustic blues influences . The song was praised by critics , many of them calling it one of the record 's best tracks . It has since been included in the regular set lists of four U2 concert tours , in two different arrangements and with several possible thematic interpretations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125617ad3842f909d3963b03605d5249", "text": "U2 by U2 U2 by U2 is an autobiography written by the members of Irish rock band U2 and first published in London by HarperCollins in 2005 . Bono , The Edge , Adam Clayton , and Larry Mullen Jr. collaborated with their friend Neil McCormick , a staff music writer for The Daily Telegraph to write the only authorized biography of the band . It portrays the story of U2 in their own words and pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01460bc5df87c59e4b6710300acb3850", "text": "Finnegan Wakes Finnegan Wakes is a live album by The Dubliners . Recorded at the Gate Theatre on 26 and 27 April 1966 and produced by Nathan Joseph , this was The Dubliners ' final recording for Transatlantic Records . But it was also their first to feature their first established line-up of Ronnie Drew ( vocals and guitar ) , Barney McKenna ( tenor banjo and mandolin ) , Luke Kelly ( vocals and banjo ) , Ciarán Bourke ( vocals , guitar , tin whistle and harmonica ) and John Sheahan ( fiddle , tin whistle and mandolin ) . The album featured `` Nelson 's Farewell '' , a satirical song about the bombing and destruction of Nelson 's Pillar in O'Connell Street , Dublin on 8 March 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61206b764e1fe69db4c006e2524750cf", "text": "The Ireland That We Dreamed Of `` On Language & the Irish Nation '' , was the title of a radio address made by Éamon de Valera , then Taoiseach of Ireland , on Raidió Éireann on St. Patrick 's Day ( 17 March ) 1943 . It is often called The Ireland that we dreamed of , a phrase which is used within it , or the `` comely maidens '' ' speech , a misquotation . The speech marked the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ) , a group promoting Irish culture and the Irish language . In the most frequently quoted passage of the speech , de Valera set out his vision of an ideal Ireland : De Valera had made an annual radio speech on St Patrick 's Day since coming to power after the 1932 election . At the time the 1943 speech was made , the Second World War was raging and the threat of German invasion ( Operation Green ) or British re-occupation ( Plan W ) was very real . The 1943 speech in later years has been critiqued and often derided as archetypal of de Valera 's traditionalist view of an isolationist , agricultural land where women held a traditional role . The phrase most commonly cited in this regard is the misquotation `` comely maidens dancing at the crossroads '' . The speech in fact made no mention of crossroads dances , a rural tradition then dying out . Although de Valera actually said `` happy maidens '' in the broadcast , the phrase was `` comely maidens '' in the prepared text sent in advance to the newspapers , printed in the following day 's Irish Press , and reprinted in Maurice Moynihan 's 1980 anthology . It was a double LP record of speeches from the RTÉ archives , released in 1982 on the centenary of his birth , which brought the correct wording back to public notice . In 2007 , J. J. Lee and Diarmaid Ferriter argued for a reappraisal of the speech in the light of the Celtic Tiger consumption bubble and the Moriarty Tribunal revelations of corruption by 1980s Taoiseach Charles Haughey . Lee suggested de Valera 's `` Victorian language '' gave his vision an antiquated tone that hid the continuing relevance of much of its vision . Ferriter called it `` the most famous broadcast by any Irish politician of the twentieth century '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c0efb7dec0cf9a19567fef33a51422d", "text": "Paddy Casey Paddy Casey is an Irish singer-songwriter from Dublin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2744bb60a30a000dfb09eb96df9cde4b", "text": "Rock 'n' Roll Kids `` Rock 'n' Roll Kids '' was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 , composed by Brendan Graham and performed for Ireland by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan . The song was Ireland 's sixth overall victory , and represented an unprecedented third consecutive time that the same country had won the Contest . There is a belief among many Eurovision fans that the song was deliberately chosen not to win , as it was performed by a male duo ( no male duos had ever won before ) and in a very static manner . The pair were also much older than any other winners had been . As the Contest rules require the previous year 's winner to host the next edition of the Contest , the argument runs that the Irish broadcaster was not prepared to do this , hence the selection . The song , however , won the contest and is generally considered one of the Contest 's better entries - being performed in part by McGettigan and Jakob Sveistrup at the Congratulations special in late 2005 . It was the first winning song ever to be performed without orchestral accompaniment , as McGettigan 's guitar and Harrington 's piano were the only instruments needed . It was also the first time in the contest when a song scored over 200 points . Lyrically , the song is a lament for the singers ' lost youths and the life of Kevin Linehan . They remember growing up and listening to the popular music of the time ( Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley ) and generally being trendy . The song then moves forwards to the present , where both men are `` too busy running to a different beat '' to even stay in close contact with each other - while their children `` do n't wan na be around us no more '' . The song was performed third on the night , following Finland 's CatCat with `` Bye Bye Baby '' and preceding Cyprus ' Evridiki with `` Ime Anthropos Ki Ego '' . At the close of voting , it had received 226 points , placing 1st in a field of 25 . The song was succeeded as winner in 1995 by Secret Garden representing Norway with `` Nocturne '' . It was succeeded as Irish representative at the 1995 Contest by Eddie Friel with `` Dreamin ' '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90d45ad0077439c3df07640d5ac3659", "text": "Irish folk music (2000–09)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b704da36355197c1e7b24402d92f6d0a", "text": "RTÉ Ireland RTÉ Ireland ( lit . Raidió Teilifís Éireann Ireland = Radio Television Ireland Ireland ) is the planned international television channel by Ireland 's public service broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann ( RTÉ ) . The channel will broadcast online at RTÉ.ie , IPTV and on satellite in the United Kingdom . The channel is expected to offer programmes from RTÉ One and Two , including education , drama , comedy , music , news and current affairs . This includes The All Ireland Talent Show , Fair City , Dragons ' Den and The Late Late Show . The Oireachtas ( parliament ) has passed legislation requiring that RTÉ supply international service to suit the needs of Irish citizens living abroad , along with other new digital RTÉ channels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "987b3924b1eb8d0eecf459a2f30e62cd", "text": "Údarás na Gaeltachta Údarás na Gaeltachta ( -LSB- uːd̪ˠəɾˠaːs nə ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠə -RSB- ) meaning `` Gaeltacht Authority '' ( abbreviated UnaG ) is a regional state agency which is responsible for the economic , social and cultural development of nominally Irish-speaking ( Gaeltacht ) regions of Ireland . Its stated purpose is to strengthen the Gaeltacht communities , to increase the quality of life of its community members and facilitate the preservation and extension of the Irish language as the principal language of the region . It gives funding to small local businesses that have to compete with foreign companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8160171ebfc39e424c2d88a4f19e972", "text": "Irish Son Irish Son is the debut solo album by Irish singer Brian McFadden . It was released on 29 November 2004 . McFadden signed with Sony Music following his departure from boy band Westlife in 2004 . The singer mainly co-wrote the album with English songwriter Guy Chambers , who produced the album along Paul Stacey , Richard Flack , Mark Taylor , and Phil Thornalley . The album was preceded by the lead single `` Real to Me on 6 September 2004 , which peaked at number one in Denmark , Ireland and the United Kingdom . Irish Son was highly successful on the charts in Denmark and Ireland . Elsewhere the album charted within the lower regions of the charts in Austria , Finland , Netherlands , New Zealand , Sweden , Switzerland and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a729e43158f8264e0a4275b5b5bc4d8d", "text": "Person of Interest (TV series) Person of Interest is an American science fiction crime drama television series that aired on CBS from September 22 , 2011 , to June 21 , 2016 , over five seasons , comprising a total of 103 episodes . The series was created by Jonathan Nolan , and executive produced by Nolan , J. J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Greg Plageman , Denise Thé , and Chris Fisher . Person of Interest centers on a mysterious reclusive billionaire computer programmer named Harold Finch ( Michael Emerson ) , who develops a computer system ( known as `` The Machine '' ) for the U.S. government that is capable of collating all sources of information to predict and identify in advance , people planning terrorist acts . He finds that the Machine also identifies other perpetrators and victims of deadly intentions , but being considered `` irrelevant '' this information is deleted each night , and he realizes the Machine has developed into a superintelligent artificial intelligence , leaving him wrestling with the questions of human control and other moral and ethical issues resulting from the situation . His backdoor into the Machine allows him to act covertly on the non-terrorism cases , but to prevent abuse of information he directs the machine to provide no details beyond an identity to be investigated . He recruits John Reese ( Jim Caviezel ) , a presumed-dead former CIA agent , and later others , to investigate and act on the information it provides . The series received a highly positive reception from some critics , including an increase in acclaim when the series introduced more serialized storylines and deepened its exploration of the varied implications of superintelligent artificial intelligence in later seasons . A 2016 critique of the series on Gizmodo stated that by the end of its first season , Person of Interest had transformed from a `` crime fighting show '' with a plot twist , to `` one of the best science fiction series ever broadcast '' , a change said to be due to the series `` put -LSB- ting -RSB- the Machine , its intelligence , and the ethics of -LSB- . . -RSB- using it , at the center of an ideological battle '' , and an unintended consequence of giving the Machine a voice , compared to its initial presence as a simple background plot device .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bbf00e115b3b944e319969533e758c4", "text": "Taraji P. Henson Taraji Penda Henson ( -LSB- tə ` rɑːdʒi -RSB- ; born September 11 , 1970 ) is an American actress and author . She studied acting at Howard University and began her Hollywood career in guest-roles on several television shows before making her breakthrough in Baby Boy ( 2001 ) . She received praise for playing a prostitute in Hustle & Flow ( 2005 ) and a single mother in David Fincher 's The Curious Case of Benjamin Button ( 2008 ) ; for the latter , she received Academy Award , SAG Award and Critics Choice Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress ; for the former , she received a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture nomination . In 2010 , she appeared in the comedy Date Night and co-starred in the remake of The Karate Kid . Henson has also had an extensive career in television in series such as The Division , Boston Legal and Eli Stone . In 2011 Henson starred in the Lifetime Television film Taken from Me : The Tiffany Rubin Story , which earned her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie . From 2011 to 2013 , she co-starred as Detective Jocelyn Carter in the CBS drama Person of Interest , for which she won an NAACP Image Award . Henson went on to star in the ensemble film Think Like a Man ( 2012 ) and its 2014 sequel . In 2015 , she began starring as Cookie Lyon on the Fox drama series Empire , for which she became the first African-American woman to win a Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series . She also won a Golden Globe Award , and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , in 2015 and 2016 . In 2016 , Time named Henson one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list . That year , Henson also released a New York Times best selling autobiography titled Around the Way Girl . Also that year , she received praise for her starring role as Katherine Johnson in the critically acclaimed drama film Hidden Figures , for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9c72c4cff7bdca743a56901b3400ef84", "text": "Wishbone (TV series) Wishbone is a half-hour live-action children 's television show that was produced from 1995 to 1998 and broadcast on PBS Kids . The show 's title character is a Jack Russell Terrier . Wishbone lives with his owner Joe Talbot in the fictional town of Oakdale , Texas . He daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature . He was known as `` the little dog with a big imagination '' . Only the viewers and the characters in his daydreams can hear Wishbone speak . The characters from his daydreams see Wishbone as whichever famous character he is currently portraying and not as a dog . The show won four Daytime Emmys , a Peabody Award , and honors from the Television Critics Association . Wishbone '' 's exterior shots were filmed on the backlot of Lyrick Studios 's teen division Big Feats ! Entertainment in Allen , Texas , and its interior shots were filmed on a sound stage in a 50,000 square foot warehouse in Plano , Texas . Additional scenes were filmed in Grapevine , Texas . This show garnered particular praise for refusing to bowdlerize many of the sadder or more unpleasant aspects of the source works , which usually enjoyed a fairly faithful retelling in the fantasy sequences . The show also inspired several book series . Altogether , there are more than fifty books featuring Wishbone , which were published even after the TV series ended production . Reruns of the show continued to air on some PBS affiliates until early 2008 . In 2006 , when a PBS Kids Go ! digital channel was announced , PBS planned to air Wishbone on the channel . However , when the digital channel was canceled , Wishbone returned in reruns on the PBS national program service . Wishbone clips came to the PBS Kids Go ! website . The return to PBS lasted a short time , though some PBS affiliates continued to air Wishbone '' until their license to do so ran out . The show continued to air in reruns until August 31 , 2001 . The Show was replaced on the PBS Kids schedule on September 3 , 2001 by Sagwa The Chinese Siamese Cat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e3a53980fead44c858e7efd2fc42376", "text": "List of The Backyardigans episodes The Backyardigans is a Canadian -- American CGI-animated musical TV series created by Janice Burgess . It is a co-production of animation studio Nelvana and Nickelodeon Animation Studios . The series debuted on October 11 , 2004 and ended on May 31 , 2010 . Reruns currently air on the Nick Jr. channel in the United States . The show airs on Treehouse TV in Canada . In 2015 , the first season was included as part of Nickelodeon 's Noggin app , a mobile application featuring episodes of older Nick Jr. programs . The series was based upon a live-action pilot produced in 1998 titled Me and My Friends . The episodes are listed below as ordered in the complete series collection on iTunes and not in their original broadcast order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c2e9d3025630da207042534e29b44d7", "text": "Cookie Lyon Loretha `` Cookie '' Lyon ( née Holloway ) is a fictional character from the American musical drama Empire on Fox . Portrayed by Taraji P. Henson , Cookie is one of the main characters within the series , the queen bee and the ex-wife of former drug dealer turned hip-hop mogul , Lucious Lyon ( Terrence Howard ) who gets released from prison and strikes out to lay claim to half of their multimillion-dollar record label , which was initially funded by her drug money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47377e5694b9462f5bd1c1c66c11fe3f", "text": "PB&J Otter PB&J Otter is an American animated children 's television series which premiered on Playhouse Disney on March 15 , 1998 . A total of 65 episodes were produced during the course of its three season run , with the `` farewell '' episode airing on September 24 , 2000 ( although a Halloween episode was the last aired episode , on October 15 , 2000 ) . The series centered on the Otter family who lived in the rural fishing community of Lake Hoohaw . Most stories revolved around the Otter kids : older brother Peanut , younger sister Jelly and diapered baby Butter ( named after the peanut butter and jelly sandwich ) , as well as their friends and neighbors . Supporting characters included gossipy Cranes , overly hygienic raccoons , a junk-collecting mayor and some very wealthy poodles . The show was created by Jim Jinkins and executive-produced by David Campbell in close conjunction with Harvard University 's Cognitive Skills Group , `` Project Zero '' . The Group 's job was to monitor each and make sure the material had a positive educational message . This show features songs by Dan Sawyer and Fred Newman . PB&J Otter was nominated for an Annie Award for outstanding music in an animated show in 2000 . The show aired in reruns on Playhouse Disney from 2001-2005 and on Disney Junior from 2012-2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124ccd3f9e916317240ab7a8f218c9b1", "text": "The Magic Window The Magic Window ( also known as The House with the Magic Window ) was an American children 's television program broadcast on ABC affiliate WOI-TV in Ames , Iowa from 1951 to 1994 . With a run of 43 years , it was the longest running children 's television program in American history . ( Bozo 's Circus technically had a longer run ; however , it was made in many different local markets by different producers . ) Producer Dick Hartzell and WOI TV artist Joy ( Ringham ) Munn developed the show as an educational children 's program , which featured handicraft activities , news items , and birthday recognition for the children viewing the show . Joy co-hosted the show with Craighton Knau for the first season ( 1951-1952 ) , which was 30 minutes long and aired 3 times per week . During the second season , she became the sole host of the program . For that season the show was 15 minutes long and aired 5 days per week . Joy left the show in 1953 . For all but the first three years of the show , it was hosted by Betty Lou Varnum , another pioneer in central-Iowa broadcasting . Betty Lou Varnum , who is best known for The Magic Window , but was versatile enough to host such other shows as a teen dance party , election coverage , and a call in ` issues ' show , hosted the show , along with a cast of puppets such as Gregory Lion , Dusty the Unicorn , and Catrina Crocodile . The heart of the show was Betty Lou teaching kids a new craft each episode ( using kid-safe items such as construction paper , safety scissors , and cellophane tape ) . The puppets would help out by opening the curtain to the screen on which various featurettes were shown . These included episodes from Tales of the Riverbank , Felix the Cat , and a series called `` Let 's Be Friends '' which introduced viewers to a child from another city or country , sharing their culture and lifestyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7a478a18e2740df04d5089286363317", "text": "Creature Features Creature Features was a generic title for a genre of horror TV format shows broadcast on local U.S. television stations throughout the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . The movies broadcast on the various shows were generally classic and cult horror movies of the 1930s to 1950s , the horror and science-fiction films of the 1950s , British horror films of the 1960s , and the Japanese `` giant monster '' movies of the 1960s and 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3952392bc5544fae35ffe8cf10ebebd", "text": "Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 . The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied . Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries . By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a14289d8c6fe57480f0890a70851333", "text": "PaRappa the Rapper (TV series) is a 2001 Japanese anime television series based on NanaOn-Sha 's PaRappa the Rapper video game series created by Masaya Matsuura and Rodney Greenblat . The series was produced by J.C. Staff and Production I.G and aired in Japan on Fuji TV between April 2001 and January 2002 , running for thirty episodes . It also aired on Channel V between the same time as the show aired on Fuji TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7996e9d50e5c2d451622f3cef7b81e26", "text": "Analog television Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio . In an analog television broadcast , the brightness , colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude , frequency or phase of the signal . Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference becomes reproduced by the receiver . So with analog , a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference . In contrast , a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality . Analog television may be wireless or can be distributed over a cable network using cable converters . All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) used analog signals . Analog television around the world has been in the process of shutting down since the late 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e5ebda425f6b4120d3a8273c3b97a96", "text": "According to Jim According to Jim is an American sitcom television series starring Jim Belushi in the title role as a suburban father of three children ( five children starting with the season-seven finale ) . It originally ran on ABC from October 3 , 2001 to June 2 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753798a9e512083c2a20d8cf708a39a3", "text": "Excellence in Broadcasting `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' is the second episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 3 , 2010 . The episode features anthropomorphic dog Brian , an adamant liberal , confronting conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh at a book signing in Quahog , and ultimately having a political change of heart when Limbaugh convinces him to read his latest book . Brian eventually decides to become a devoted member of the Republican Party , and soon begins criticizing liberals . This leads Brian to become roommates with Limbaugh , and begins following him everywhere , before Limbaugh convinces Brian of his true political convictions . The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by John Holmquist . It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references , in addition to receiving both praise and criticism from conservative news outlets . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.94 million homes in its original airing . As well as Limbaugh , the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole , Christine Lakin , Phil LaMarr , Shelley Long , Nana Visitor and Rainn Wilson , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' was released on DVD along with three other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16bd855ce703d11173ebf033b5b60135", "text": "The Muppet Musicians of Bremen The Muppet Musicians of Bremen ( released on home video as Tales from MuppetLand : The Muppet Musicians of Bremen ) is a 1972 television special that is an adaptation of Town Musicians of Bremen , featuring The Muppets . It is directed and produced by The Muppet 's creator Jim Henson . Kermit the Frog hosts the special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "086b37cc12e766b680c16237e13aa5f6", "text": "Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program in the United States that originally ran from 1953 to 1961 , with two episodes of an attempted revival airing in 2012 . Edward R. Murrow hosted the original series from its inception in 1953 until 1959 , interviewing celebrities in their homes from a comfortable chair in his New York studio ( his opening : `` Good evening , I 'm Ed Murrow . And the name of the program is ` Person to Person ' . It 's all live -- there 's no film '' ) . In the last two years of its original run , Charles Collingwood was the host . Although Murrow is best remembered as a reporter on programs such as Hear It Now and See It Now and for publicly confronting Senator Joseph McCarthy , on Person to Person he was a pioneer of the celebrity interview . The program was well planned but not strictly scripted , with as many as six cameras and TV lighting installed to cover the guest 's moves through his home , and a microwave link to transmit the signals back to the network . The guests wore wireless microphones to pick up their voices as they moved around the home or its grounds . The interviews were done live . The two 15-minute interviews in each program were typically with very different types of people , such as a movie star and a scientist . Guests often used the appearance to promote their latest project or book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dcb704c51395859852442a4611e6b88", "text": "Time Piece Time Piece is a 1965 experimental short film directed , written , produced by and starring Jim Henson . The film depicts an ordinary man moving in constant motion , in a desperate attempt to escape the passage of time . Time Piece is notable as one of the few live-action projects Jim Henson produced that did not involve any form of puppetry . The short film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a52afd0d9646e4210135ed0653f8fd", "text": "The Backyardigans The Backyardigans is a Canadian -- American CGI-animated musical TV series created by Janice Burgess . It is a co-production of animation studio Nelvana and Nickelodeon Animation Studios . The series debuted on May 7 , 2004 and ended on May 31 , 2010 ; reruns of The Backyardigans continued to air on the Nickelodeon family of channels in the United States until 2015 . The show airs on Treehouse TV in Canada . In 2015 , the first season was included as part of Nickelodeon 's Noggin app , a mobile application featuring episodes of older Nick Jr. programs . The series was based upon a live-action pilot produced in 1998 titled Me and My Friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17d6cac6f49495e66c04c06ca0b8c382", "text": "Puru Chibber Puru Chibber is an Indian television actor best known for playing the role of Hameer Rizvi in Yash Raj Films ' crime drama Khotey Sikkey on Sony TV and Sachin Manav Deshmukh in television show Pavitra Rishta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4063d73150bdbc03dde0ed01bc8e9d8e", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek : The Next Generation is an American science fiction television program that originally aired from September 1987 to May 1994 . It won and was nominated for a variety of awards , including seven Emmy Award nominations for the first season , and a further eight in its second season . It would go on to be nominated a total of 58 times , of which it won a total of nineteen awards . Only one of these nominations was not for a Creative Arts Emmy , which was the nomination for Outstanding Drama Series for the show 's seventh season . Cast member Wil Wheaton was nominated on three occasions for a Youth in Film Award , which he won in 1989 . Further nominations were received by guest actors Kimberly Cullum and Gabriel Damon at the 16th Youth in Film Awards in 1995 . The only other nomination for a single actor was the Screen Actors Guild Award received by Patrick Stewart for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series in the award 's inaugural session in 1995 . As of January 1 , 2013 , Star Trek : The Next Generation has been nominated for 85 different awards , of which it has won 31 . Despite the series ending in 1994 , it has continued to win awards in special recognition of the series , and for the DVD releases . In this list , `` year '' refers to the year the award was presented to the winner .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8fc49e31cacb2127d09daeba41ecbc21", "text": "The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company , commonly known as Disney , is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate , headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank , California . It is the world 's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue , after Comcast . Disney was founded on October 16 , 1923 -- by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney -- as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio , and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production , television , and theme parks . The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions . Taking on its current name in 1986 , it expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theater , radio , music , publishing , and online media . In addition , Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands . The company is best known for the products of its film studio , Walt Disney Studios , which is today one of the largest and best-known studios in American cinema . Disney 's other three main divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts , Disney Media Networks , and Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media . Disney also owns and operates the ABC broadcast television network ; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , A+E Networks , and Freeform ; publishing , merchandising , music , and theatre divisions ; and owns and licenses 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6 , 1991 . Mickey Mouse , an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company , is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a7bfc8c83bab3446c5682373fb9cee09", "text": "1977–78 United States network television schedule This was the television schedule on all three United States television networks for the fall season beginning in September 1977 . All times are Eastern and Pacific . New fall series are highlighted in bold . Series ending their original runs are in italics . Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research . Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season . Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season . Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season . PBS , the Public Broadcasting Service , was in operation , but the schedule was set by each local station . On ABC , debuting news brief , airs all seven nights at 9:58 , pm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac21342197e686cc8393b9501873db47", "text": "The Baseball Network The Baseball Network was a short-lived television broadcasting joint venture between ABC , NBC and Major League Baseball . Under the arrangement , beginning in the 1994 season , the league produced its own in-house telecasts of games , which were then brokered to air on ABC and NBC . This was perhaps most evident by the copyright beds shown at the end of the telecasts , which stated `` The proceeding program has been paid for by the office of The Commissioner of Baseball '' . The Baseball Network was the first television network in the United States to be owned by a professional sports league . The package included coverage of games in primetime on selected nights throughout the regular season ( under the branding Baseball Night in America ) , along with coverage of the postseason and the World Series . Unlike previous broadcasting arrangements with the league , there was no national `` game of the week '' during the regular season ; these would be replaced by multiple weekly regional telecasts on certain nights of the week . Additionally , The Baseball Network had exclusive coverage windows ; no other broadcaster could televise MLB games during the same night that The Baseball Network was televising games . The arrangement did not last long ; due to the effects of a players ' strike on the remainder of the 1994 season , and poor reception from fans and critics over how the coverage was implemented , The Baseball Network would be disbanded after the 1995 season . While NBC would maintain rights to certain games , the growing Fox network became the league 's new national broadcast partner beginning in 1996 , with its then-parent company News Corporation eventually purchasing the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f58197d17b2aef325827f21095ea646", "text": "20th Television Twentieth Television ( or 20TV , stylized as 20th Television ) is an American television syndication studio and the syndication arm of 20th Century Fox Television itself a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd2c1ea1d12bd310611fc8e5a0ef4463", "text": "Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network . Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader . Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show . The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract . On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing . Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week . Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently . Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 . Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) . The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas . In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12915c7525b7ddce3a488696675d23cd", "text": "1994 United States broadcast TV realignment The 1994 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events , primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations , that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company ( commonly known as simply Fox ) and New World Communications , a media company that -- through its then-recently formed broadcasting division -- owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks , primarily CBS . The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage , in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference ( NFC ) television package , which the National Football League ( NFL ) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993 . As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World , most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse , the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history . As a result of this realignment , Fox ascended to the status of a major television network , comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks ( CBS , NBC and ABC ) . Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 ( although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997 , through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals ) , which -- along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network ( a joint venture between Time Warner , the Tribune Company and the network 's founding chief executive officer , Jamie Kellner ) and the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) ( founded by Chris-Craft/United Television , through a programming partnership with Paramount Television ) , both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements -- marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12f0cb3497391f32841e1850829dfaa3", "text": "Multimedia (media company) Multimedia , Inc. was a media company that owned 10 daily newspapers , three weekly newspapers , two radio stations , five television stations , and a cable television system division . The company was headquartered in Greenville , South Carolina . It also owned TV syndicator Multimedia Entertainment ( formerly Avco Embassy Television , which is now owned by NBCUniversal Television Distribution ) . Multimedia was founded in 1968 , when the News-Piedmont Company of Greenville merged with Southern Broadcasting Corporation . The new company called the Southeastern Broadcasting Corporation comprised four newspapers ( two morning , two afternoon ) , three television stations and six radio stations . The company 's biggest purchase came in 1976 , when it bought WLWT in Cincinnati -- and with it , the distribution rights to The Phil Donahue Show . The company was involved in one of the more unusual media transactions in history . In 1983 , it sold its flagship television station , WFBC-TV in Greenville ( now WYFF ) and WXII-TV in Winston-Salem , North Carolina to Pulitzer , Inc. . In return , Multimedia received Pulitzer 's former flagship television station , KSDK in St. Louis . Multimedia used its new purchase as the testing ground for a new show hosted by Sally Jessy Raphael . Multimedia was acquired by the Gannett Company in 1995 , after the sale was finalized , Gannett sold Multimedia Entertainment to MCA the following year . In January 2000 the cable television division , which included systems in Kansas , Oklahoma and North Carolina was sold to Cox Communications . The North Carolina systems were resold to Suddenlink Communications in 2006 . The Multimedia name lives on as a holding company and licensee within what is now Tegna , Inc. 's corporate structure . Productions under Multimedia Entertainment are now part of the NBCUniversal Television Distribution archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8df83f51b7a2fe139e810ee0e033d36", "text": "List of former NBC television affiliates The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American broadcast television network that originated as a radio network in November 1926 , and expanded into television in April 1939 . Throughout its history , the network has had many owned-and-operated and affiliated stations . This article is a table listing of former NBC stations , arranged alphabetically by state , and based on the station 's city of license as well as its Designated Market Area ; it is also accompanied by footnotes regarding the present network affiliation of the former NBC-affiliated station ( if the station remains operational ) and the current NBC affiliates in each of the listed markets , as well as any other notes including the reasons behind each station 's disaffiliation from the network . There are links to and articles on each of the stations , describing their histories , local programming and technical information , such as broadcast frequencies . The station 's advertised channel number follows the call letters . In most cases , this is their virtual channel ( PSIP ) number , which may match the channel allocation that the station originally broadcast on during its prior affiliation with the network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6288fee2bd1021cbd3c2016ba584e22", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to : Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies . Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "290759ae97a636557d9eab7656bd06f4", "text": "D-TV D-TV is a series of music videos created by Walt Disney Productions in 1984 . Disney combined hit songs from the past with footage of vintage Disney animation , created in the style of MTV music videos , which inspired the name of this series . The videos were shown as filler material on the Disney Channel ( as the network did not air commercials at this time ) , as well as being the focus of television specials . Home video collections were also released on the VHS , Beta , CED Videodisc , and Laserdisc formats . After the first run of D-TV , in 1989 a second series was produced known as DTV ² . The show 's main title theme song is `` RPM '' from Larry Owens for the Network Music Library . D-TV ceased airing in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "001667a6f2adc3b1f53cdb585baf9d14", "text": "WBMA-LD WBMA-LD , virtual channel 58 ( UHF digital channel 40 ) , is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Birmingham , Alabama , United States . The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , as part of a de facto legal triopoly with CW affiliate WTTO ( channel 21 ) and MyNetworkTV affiliate WABM ( channel 68 ) ; Sinclair also manages the Tuscaloosa-based station WDBB ( channel 17 ) , which operates as a satellite station of WTTO , under a time brokerage agreement with Cunningham Broadcasting . WBMA-LD maintains studio facilities located at the Riverchase office park on Concourse Parkway in Hoover ( although with an address assigned to Birmingham ) , and its transmitter is located atop Red Mountain ( near the Tarpley City neighborhood ) in southwestern Birmingham . On cable , WBMA-LD is available on Charter Spectrum channel 12 , Comcast Xfinity channel 5 , and AT&T U-verse channel 33 in standard definition ; and in high definition on Spectrum channel 1012 , Xfinity channel 1005 , and AT&T U-verse channel 1033 . WBMA transmits a low-power digital signal , which provides an over-the-air broadcasting radius that is effectively limited to Birmingham proper and nearby areas in Jefferson , Tuscaloosa , Walker , Bibb and Shelby counties . Because of this , the station 's programming is simulcast as a digital subchannel on three other central Alabama stations that act as full-power relays -- including those of WABM and WDBB -- in order to reach the entire Birmingham -- Tuscaloosa -- Anniston market . The station 's brand name , `` ABC 33/40 '' , is derived from the two stations that operated as full-power satellites of WBMA to distribute its programming to southwestern and northeastern areas of central Alabama from the station 's acquisition of the ABC affiliation in September 1996 until October 2014 , WCFT-TV ( channel 33 ) in Tuscaloosa and WJSU-TV ( channel 40 ) in Anniston , which now respectively operate as Heroes & Icons affiliates WSES and WGWW .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72dd7e6210e8514eb2e1f0b0b100f738", "text": "List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates This is a partial list of affiliate stations of the DuMont Television Network , which operated in the United States from 1946 to 1956 . At its peak in 1954 , DuMont was affiliated with around 200 TV stations . In its later years , DuMont was carried mostly on poorly watched UHF channels or had only secondary affiliations on VHF stations . The DuMont affiliation ending dates listed here are somewhat tentative in several cases ; DuMont ended most operations on April 1 , 1955 , and honored network commitments until August 1956 . Many stations in the early years of television affiliated with more than one network . There were not enough local stations in most cities for each of the four major networks to have an affiliate , leading to the four networks ( as well as a number of smaller networks ) to fight for air time . Local TV stations were free to `` cherry-pick '' which programs they would broadcast . Many of DuMont 's `` affiliates '' carried very little DuMont programming , choosing to air one or two more popular programs ( such as Life Is Worth Living , which was aired by 169 stations during the 1953 -- 1954 season ) and/or sports programming on the weekends . Few stations carried the full DuMont program line-up . DuMont 's advertising revenues depended on being able to be viewed nationwide . As a result , the company made affiliation agreements which have been described as `` a crazy patchwork of deals '' . In many cities , DuMont was affiliated with more than one TV station in order to get more of its programming cleared for broadcast . No definitive list of affiliated stations from 1946 to 1956 exists , and many sources contradict one another . DuMont 's owned-and-operated stations are highlighted in yellow . The Paramount owned-and-operated stations , which did n't carry DuMont programs but were ruled DuMont O&O s by the FCC , are shown in pink .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86d8073b3544f3f2f4864a5077d541c9", "text": "Multi-Choice TV (Barbados) Multi-Choice TV ( MCTV ) is a television service provider in Barbados . It is a Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service ( MMDS ) or DVB-C wireless microwave-based broadcast subscription television provider . They offer a variety of packages which can be considered as comparatively priced to similar providers throughout the world . The service began operating on December 14 , 1987 under the name Subscription Television ( STV ) , which had very few channels offered . The main channels were CNN , ESPN , and Lifetime Television , with an occasional option of pay per view ( PPV ) being offered for local special events and the occasional international PPV sports broadcast . In 1996 it was upgraded to include a new platform called Multi-Choice TV which was an analog wireless microwave broadcast offering many more channels ( e.g. , BBC , Canada 's CBC , TBN ) eventually maxing the bandwidth capacity and having to upgrade the service to a digital broadcast system . Multi-Choice TV have not fully converted all of its subscribers yet . The system relies on line-of-sight propagation so total island wide coverage have proved to be a problem and the provider is looking into alternatives . A recent press release have indicated their interest in a partnership with the local telco LIME . From 1 September 2008 MCTV replaced the Travel Channel on 511 ( part of the High Flyer package ) by Setanta Sports . The service uses a Yagi antenna to receive the encrypted broadcast , which in turn is then decrypted by the provider 's set top box . The provider now has the problem of signal theft by pirates using modified DVB-C compatible receivers and PCI cards with the most popular being the `` Dreambox '' manufactured in Germany to decode their signal which is based on Nagravision which is a conditional access control system developed by the Kudelski Group . In order to prevent such activity in August , 2006 the Government of Barbados stiffened the local Barbadian copyright laws , in addition to a strengthening of the laws on cable TV piracy . The CBC provider is planning for further circumvention of the Dream boxes in 2009 . In 2014 MCTV have gone through a massive upgrade of improving their services by including new channels such as MovieCity Action and Hollywood , AMC , KTLA , WGN , Disney , NBC Sports network etc. . Also MCTV have upgraded their systems to 20 stunning HD channels such as ABC , NBC , CBS & FOX and have also added new PVR boxes . MCTV new slogan is MCTV the Right Choice and are increasing their channel line ups and packaging for their loyal customers in Barbados . MCTV is still the number 1 provider in Barbados but they have competition from Lime Barbados and Flow , but the advantage MCTV has is , it does not depend on the internet to provide single for their customers and when there is rainy and cloudy condition MCTV still provides good service . Multi-Choice TV also competes against the US-based direct broadcast satellite ( DBS ) service provider DirecTV in Barbados . The service uses the NTSC television format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82bec92ef171a33eb45f217c81fd573f", "text": "ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight ; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America , newsmagazine series Nightline , Primetime and 20/20 , and Sunday morning political affairs program This Week with George Stephanopolous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e5205aab3c0ab7824b64939249c8304", "text": "William Hanna William Denby `` Bill '' Hanna ( July 14 , 1910 -- March 22 , 2001 ) was an American animator , director , producer , voice actor , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century . After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression , Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 . During the 1930s , Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids . In 1937 , while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Hanna met Joseph Barbera . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , The Huckleberry Hound Show , The Jetsons , Scooby-Doo , The Smurfs , and Yogi Bear . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors . Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoons have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday , and have been translated into more than 28 languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d777eb65afbf1b885ede198eee73ad2", "text": "TBS Television is a television station in Kantō region , wholly owned by Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings . It has a 28-affiliate news network called Japan News Network ( JNN ) . TBS produced the Takeshi 's Castle game show , which is dubbed and rebroadcast internationally . The channel is also home to Ultraman and the Ultra Series franchise from 1966 onwards -- itself a spinoff to Ultra Q , co-produced and broadcast in the same year -- and its spinoffs , most if not all made by Tsuburaya Productions for the network . On May 24 2017 , Six major media firms , including TBS , officially announced they will jointly establish a new company in July 2017 to offer paid online video services . TBS Holdings will become the largest shareholder of the new company , Premium Platform Japan , with a 31.5 percent stake . An official from TBS Holdings will become the new company 's president .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a8ef4fcb18457ddad5c358e41b9eb8b", "text": "ABC-TV ABC-TV may refer to : American Broadcasting Company , a radio and television network in the United States Australian Broadcasting Corporation 's ABC Television network ABC ( TV station ) , the ABC television station in Canberra Associated British Corporation , a defunct ITV company in the United Kingdom Asahi Broadcasting Corporation , a radio and television broadcaster in Osaka , Japan Associated Broadcasting Company , a radio and television network in the Philippines ABC ( Australian TV channel ) , the Australian television channel , formerly known as ABC1 ABC2 , the Australian digital television channel ABC Television , a television channel in Nepal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246ed60729921d67c91eba8182817aa3", "text": "The Movie Channel This article is about the American premium cable-satellite television network and sister channel of Showtime . For the unrelated , defunct television channel in the United Kingdom , see The Movie Channel ( UK ) . For the programming format of television channels focused on movies , see movie channel . Not to be confused with the Canadian premium television service The Movie Network . The Movie Channel ( sometimes abbreviated as TMC ) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Showtime Networks , Inc. subsidiary of CBS Corporation . The network 's programming mainly features first-run theatrically released and independently produced motion pictures , along with softcore adult erotica , and during promotional breaks between films , special behind-the-scenes features and movie trivia . Originally operated and sold as a standalone service , at present , The Movie Channel is receivable to cable and satellite subscribers primarily as part of the multiplex tier of parent network Showtime . The channel , along with its parent network Showtime and sister network Flix , are headquartered at Paramount Plaza on the northern end of New York City 's Broadway district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8983b3a0b36f20dcd06d35b5b38e01d", "text": "ESPN 3D ESPN 3D was an American digital cable and satellite television channel that was owned by ESPN Inc. , a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company ( which operates the network , through its 80 % controlling ownership interest ) and the Hearst Corporation ( which holds the remaining 20 % interest ) . The channel featured 3D telecasts of sports events that ESPN held broadcast rights , and simulcasted live games from other ESPN networks on a semi-regular basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7996e9d50e5c2d451622f3cef7b81e26", "text": "Analog television Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio . In an analog television broadcast , the brightness , colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude , frequency or phase of the signal . Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference becomes reproduced by the receiver . So with analog , a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference . In contrast , a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality . Analog television may be wireless or can be distributed over a cable network using cable converters . All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) used analog signals . Analog television around the world has been in the process of shutting down since the late 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "12c38ea3b32f2b06be5a14c1a1006f4c", "text": "John Wick: Chapter 2 John Wick : Chapter 2 is a 2017 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by Chad Stahelski and written by Derek Kolstad . The second installment of the John Wick series , the plot follows hitman John Wick , who goes on the run after a bounty is placed on his head . It stars Keanu Reeves , Common , Laurence Fishburne , Riccardo Scamarcio , Ruby Rose , John Leguizamo and Ian McShane , and marks the first collaboration between Reeves and Fishburne since appearing together in The Matrix trilogy . Principal photography began on October 26 , 2015 , in New York City . The film premiered in Los Angeles on January 30 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States on February 10 , 2017 . It received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 166 million worldwide , over four times its $ 40 million budget and nearly twice the $ 88 million gross of the original film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62571959d6cd5ff6fe31d4c515342111", "text": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a film series based on the comic book characters of the same name created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird . The first film in the series , titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , was released in 1990 at the height of the franchise 's popularity and was a commercial success . The success of the film garnered two direct sequels , respectively released in 1991 and 1993 , and a CGI animated film in 2007 billed as TMNT building on the success of the 2003 -- 09 TV series . The series was rebooted in a new film made by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , released on August 8 , 2014 . The sequel was released on June 3 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f87fe09147c067a4c5cf0098f6ec460", "text": "Episode II Episode II , Episode 2 or Episode Two may refer to : Episode II ( album ) , an album by Safri Duo Episode II ( EP ) , an EP by Eiffel 65 `` Episode 2 '' ( song ) , a song by Dragon Ash `` Episode 2 '' ( Ashes to Ashes ) , an episode of Ashes to Ashes `` Series 1 : Episode 2 '' ( Life on Mars ) , an episode of Life on Mars `` Episode 2 '' ( Twin Peaks ) , an episode of Twin Peaks Episode 2 ( The Casual Vacancy ) , ( 2015 ) , the second episode of the TV miniseries The Casual Vacancy Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , a computer game sequel Star Wars : Episode II -- Attack of the Clones , a 2002 film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f31354fb6d424e098d12456f5e47b10", "text": "Jungle Junction (series 2) The second series of Jungle Junction aired between on Disney Junior .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "147724b87bbe432a0450973ff0f26d3d", "text": "Body Chemistry Body Chemistry is a 1990 American drama film directed by Kristine Peterson . It led to a series of sequels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c7a9b0f08dc350a31b30b23ba6b1293", "text": "Kidulthood (film series) Kidulthood is a series of British drama films . The film series began in 2006 with Kidulthood , which was followed by the sequels Adulthood and Brotherhood . The series focuses on the lives of several teenagers in Ladbroke Grove and Latimer Road area of inner west London . The film series has earned over # 7 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0084b645702ef0a8ecc8e56c78a2842", "text": "Atlas Shrugged Part III: Who Is John Galt? Atlas Shrugged Part III : Who Is John Galt ? is a 2014 American science fiction drama film based on Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged . It is the third installment in the Atlas Shrugged film series and the sequel to the 2012 film Atlas Shrugged : Part II , continuing the story where its predecessor left off . The release , originally set for July 4 , 2014 , occurred on September 12 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa9441222b26a65a89f31a81c97939ad", "text": "The Smurfs 2 The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film and a sequel to the 2011 film The Smurfs . It is loosely based on The Smurfs comic-book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It is the second and final installment of a projected duology , produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Columbia Pictures . The film is directed by Raja Gosnell , who helmed the first , with all the main cast returning . New cast members include Christina Ricci and J. B. Smoove as members of the Naughties , and Brendan Gleeson as Patrick Winslow 's stepfather . The film was released on July 31 , 2013 and is dedicated to Jonathan Winters , who voiced Papa Smurf and died on April 11 , 2013 . Its gross of $ 347 million was seen by Sony as a disappointment , which Box Office Mojo labelled as `` an unprecedented drop for a closely-timed family sequel '' and attributed to the negative reception of the first film and to the strong competition coming from another family sequel Despicable Me 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c063c063888d2d28b1eaff155dc8c6db", "text": "Batman: Year Two `` Year Two '' is the title of a four-part story arc featuring Batman , written by Mike W. Barr and illustrated by Alan Davis , Paul Neary , Alfredo Alcala , Mark Farmer and Todd McFarlane . It originally appeared in the American comic book Detective Comics # 575-578 , published by DC Comics . The story was initially a treatment by Barr titled `` Batman : 1980 '' , but it was released as `` Batman : Year Two '' following the success of Frank Miller 's `` Batman : Year One '' . This story was collected as a trade paperback in 1990 . In 2002 , DC Comics published a second printing of the trade paperback , this time with the addition of the one-shot sequel , Batman : Full Circle included , with the new edition retitled as Batman : Year Two - Fear The Reaper . Elements of the story were incorporated into the animated film Batman : Mask of the Phantasm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69299cf2e0995fe698629a8d67c02167", "text": "The Dead and the Damned 2 The Dead and the Damned 2 ( also The Dead , the Damned , and the Darkness and Tom Sawyer vs Zombies ) is a 2014 American horror film written and directed by Rene Perez . It was released direct-to-video on October 7 , 2014 , and is the sequel to the 2010 film The Dead and the Damned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b63ac3f20e4c917d6e3379f129d43c59", "text": "Mission: Impossible 2 Mission : Impossible 2 ( stylized as M : I-2 ) is a 2000 American action spy film directed by John Woo and starring Tom Cruise , who also served as the film 's producer . It is the second installment in the Mission : Impossible film series . In the film , Ethan Hunt is recruited by the Impossible Missions Force ( IMF ) to find and destroy a dangerous biological weapon called `` Chimera '' from a rogue IMF agent named Sean Ambrose with the help of his new girlfriend , Nyah Nordoff-Hall . . Mission : Impossible 2 was released in theaters worldwide on May 24 , 2000 . It grossed more than $ 546.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing film of 2000 . But the critical response was mixed ; praise was directed at Tom Cruise 's performance and the action sequences , but the plot and dialogue were criticized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7ef641693ee7e4aaf92795095fc454d", "text": "Evil, Inc. (novel) Evil , Inc. is the 2nd book in the Hardy Boys Casefiles series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5770703cfdadc6504efad8918d7372f", "text": "The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen . The film series began with The Santa Clause ( 1994 ) . It was followed by The Santa Clause 2 ( 2002 ) and The Santa Clause 3 : The Escape Clause ( 2006 ) . The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90ff343894a1ba62352baf53e82a881c", "text": "Hostel: Part II Hostel : Part II is a 2007 American splatter film written and directed by Eli Roth , and the sequel to his 2005 horror film Hostel . It stars Lauren German , Roger Bart , and Heather Matarazzo and was produced by Chris Briggs , Mike Fleiss , and Eli Roth ; Boaz Yakin , Scott Spiegel , and Quentin Tarantino are executive producers . Like its predecessor , the film is set in Slovakia and centers on a facility in which rich clients pay to torture ( to death , which is mandatory ) kidnapped victims . The film did not perform as well as the original , totaling $ 17 million in the US by the end of its theatrical run whereas the original made $ 19 million in its opening weekend .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a96053e60f479e0cb4ace103e0f8ff5", "text": "Bayside Shakedown 2 is the second film based on the popular Bayside Shakedown TV series , known for its unique and humorous depiction of the Japanese police force while avoiding the conventions that define most police dramas . The movie was released in the summer of 2003 . Bayside Shakedown 2 is the highest grossing non-animated Japanese movie on domestic screens and earned 17.35 billion yen at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0836db8dc2065562313d6c30c84df13b", "text": "Twitches Too Twitches Too is a 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie . It is the sequel to the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches , released in 2005 . The film began production in late April 2007 and was released on October 12 . It aired during Disney Channel 's Halloween Month . The Disney Channel Original Series , Wizards of Waverly Place , premiered following the film 's premiere . The first trailer was released during the premiere of High School Musical 2 . On its premiere night , the movie brought in 6.96 million viewers . To date , it is the last sequel to a Disney Channel Original Movie that is not a musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc139e5d1525343555f07db57cb045e1", "text": "Sleepy Hollow (season 2) The second season of the Fox television series Sleepy Hollow premiered on September 22 , 2014 , and concluded February 24 , 2015 , consisting of 18 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a1317743267e9ef1805687b853de4f5", "text": "A Haunted House 2 A Haunted House 2 is a 2014 American horror comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans . The film is the sequel to the 2013 film A Haunted House . Produced by IM Global Octane and distributed by Open Road Films , the film was released on April 18 , 2014 . The film received negative reviews , and earned over $ 23 million at the box office .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0efcf713dee6a362b2674ba6fdf106bf", "text": "School 2013 School 2013 is a 2012 South Korean television series starring Jang Nara , Choi Daniel , Lee Jong-suk and Kim Woo Bin . The teen drama depicts the struggles and dilemmas that modern-day Korean youth face , such as bullying , student suicides , school violence , deteriorating teacher-student relations , private tutoring and other real-life high school issues , all within the confines of one small classroom at Victory High School . It is the fifth installment of KBS 's `` School '' series which aired from 1999 through 2002 . It aired on KBS2 from December 3 , 2012 to January 28 , 2013 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29bbbe05f56179be63676836a621696a", "text": "Youngers Youngers is a British comedy drama series created by Benjamin Kuffuor and Levi David Addai . It began airing on E4 on 20 March 2013 . It is produced by Big Talk Productions . The series has been picked up for international distribution by BBC Worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71c00b5a3fd4fd31e2ffe0d657a5b75a", "text": "Hot Young Bloods Hot Young Bloods ( ; lit . `` Blood Boiling Youth '' ) is a 2014 South Korean teen romantic comedy film that depicts the loves , rivalries , and friendships between four high school students in Hongseong County , South Chungcheong Province in the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c61669d6ae350c7fa12b33727d44feab", "text": "My Mad Fat Diary My Mad Fat Diary is a BAFTA-nominated British comedy-drama television series that debuted on E4 on 14 January 2013 . It is based on My Fat , Mad Teenage Diary written by Rae Earl . The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014 , with each episode posted on 4oD a week prior to the television release . In November 2014 , it was announced that a final three-episode third series would be made , set in 1998 . After three series and sixteen episodes , My Mad Fat Diary broadcast its final episode on 6 July 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b17552feb51e21ea8a06d8c1de55a2e0", "text": "Duet Acting Duet Acting ( often shortened to `` Duet '' or abbreviated as `` DA '' in tournament schedules and results ) is an event in competitive high school forensics . Similar to Duo Interpretation , Duet Acting varies in two major respects : first , Duet is not an official National Forensic League event although some state organizations , such as the Texas Forensic Association , the Louisiana High School Speech League , and ( formerly ) the Ohio High School Speech League practice the event . Secondly , unlike Duo , in which the actors are not permitted to make eye contact with each other or touch each other , Duet incorporates an element of acting . Cuttings must be made from scripts . Duet Acting involves two people , two chairs , and ( in some jurisdictions ) a table ; the furniture is supplied in each room of competition . Time limits vary , but generally each acting pair performs an eight - to twelve-minute scene , typically using only two characters . Occasionally the performers change roles , but can only play one character per scene in the manner of dramatic or humorous interpretation . The pieces may be either serious or funny , and the extensive use of movement is permitted ( i.e. , interaction between both characters , as well as with the table and chairs ) . Duet Acting has been removed from the Ohio High School Speech League . Category : Debating", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c786aaa2ba634dc35192ed34b194c975", "text": "Teen-Age Crime Wave Teenage Crime Wave is a 1955 juvenile delinquency crime drama film released by Columbia Pictures . After escaping from reform school , a pair of delinquent teens go on a statewide shooting spree It was featured on a 1994 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec", "text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff80104d7b5f2ddb28036db7d7028d01", "text": "Hormones: The Series Hormones ( Full title : Hormones Wai Wawun , from วัยว้าวุ่น ) , promoted as Hormones : The Series , is a Thai teen drama television series produced by GTH and first broadcast in 2013 . The show follows the lives and relationships of a group of secondary school students as they go through school and home life and face various issues . Breaking the mould of Thai television , which typically features Thai soap operas and sitcoms , Hormones was conceived with a style more commonly found in the U.S. and production values more usually associated with filmmaking . It also distinguished itself by featuring controversial issues such as teenage sex and pregnancy , homosexuality and school violence . The series ' first season was directed by Songyos Sugmakanan , and was broadcast on satellite channel GMM One and online from May to August 2013 . The series was positively received and , despite not being shown on free-to-air terrestrial television and being criticized for its content , proved extremely popular , prompting the creation of a second season . Directed by Kriangkrai Vachiratamporn , the second season began broadcasting in July 2014 . In September 2015 , Hormones 3 : The Final Season began broadcasting . The episodes of the final season were also released in the GTH 's official channel with official English subtitles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa125e64309985ac418c770779582e70", "text": "Meganebu! is a 2013 anime television series produced by Studio Deen and directed by Soubi Yamamoto , which is based on a series of Drama CDs released by Deen in 2011-2012 . The series follows the activities of five male students who belong to their school 's Glasses Club and the antics resulting from their shared passion for eyewear . The series premiered on Tokyo MX on October 6 , 2013 and ended on December 22 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a491e77aef2ef375c4fb6abbb2bb84d", "text": "Exigent Circumstances (Under the Dome) `` Exigent Circumstances '' is the twelfth and penultimate episode of the first season of the CBS drama Under the Dome . It aired on September 9 , 2013 . Commentators wrote positively about the episode , with many applauding the episode 's appropriate use of the supporting characters and suspense before the season finale . Upon airing , the episode was watched by 9.72 million viewers and received an 18-49 rating of 2.1 , marking season low ratings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b555489ce7a86390f75ea1bf95cebdc", "text": "Big School (TV series) Big School is a British sitcom , starring David Walliams , Catherine Tate , Steve Speirs , Frances de la Tour and Philip Glenister . It is set in a secondary school and follows the comedic relationships of the teachers . The first series began airing on BBC One on 16 August 2013 , and was met with polarised reviews . The final episode of the first series aired on 20 September 2013 . On 2 December 2013 , BBC One controller Charlotte Moore announced that Big School had been renewed for a second and final series , which concluded on 10 October 2014 . In June 2015 , it was officially announced that Big School was not to be returning for a third series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de0adb7485c1355258244cd76716a4cf", "text": "List of Degrassi characters The following is a list of characters who appeared in the teen drama series Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High ( including the immediate follow-up made-for-television movie , Degrassi : School 's Out ) , which are part of the Degrassi universe . Hundreds of actors appeared the series throughout their run . There were distinct main youth characters among recurring youth characters , yet the latter were occasionally the central protagonists of episode plots . No plots centered on adult characters , though they were often important plot devices . Degrassi Junior High ran for three seasons , and was followed by Degrassi High , which ran for a further two seasons , and a made-for-television movie Degrassi : School 's Out . Seasons 1 through 3 refer to Degrassi Junior High , and seasons 4 and 5 refer to Degrassi High and School 's Out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4deb4e37bcd4195a0c3c2a8a9d801256", "text": "Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl . The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7894d6c7cf0098eb7a170c80d013f37", "text": "Schloss Einstein Schloss Einstein is a long-running , popular German television series which is designed as a teenage soap opera . It portrays the lives of teenagers in Schloss Einstein ( Castle Einstein ) , a fictional boarding school . The intended audience is 10 - to 14-year-olds . The series combines the genres of comedy , action , drama ( e.g. , first love , problems with parents and schoolmates ) , and natural science . Scripts for the series are written by prominent television script writers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640756ac23b0265fbde14fc6a4838b30", "text": "Teen-Age Strangler Teen-Age Strangler is a 1964 crime drama film , made in Huntington , West Virginia . It exploits the popular concern with Juvenile delinquency of the American Cold War period . It was re-released in black & white in 1990 , resulting in local screenings , newspaper writeups , and cast reunions . It was featured on a Season 5 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 ( MST3K ) . Actor John Humphreys , who played the role of `` Mikey '' appeared at the MST3K first Conventio-Con in September , 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d0dee3f473f5afa276d6724b17a71af", "text": "Degrassi: Next Class (season 3) The third season of Degrassi : Next Class premiered on January 9 , 2017 on Family Channel under the teen block F2N in Canada and began streaming internationally on January 6 , 2017 on Netflix . This season follows a group of high school juniors and seniors from Degrassi Community School , a fictional school in Toronto , Ontario , and depicts some of the typical issues and challenges common to a teenager 's life . This season will pick up a couple of months after the season two finale and begin a new school year . It will tell the stories of a new generation navigating high school drama with groundbreaking stories such as sex , abortion , depression , mental illness , dysfunctional families , sexuality , homophobia , hormones , religion , protest , disabilities , life-threatening diseases and suicide attempts . It also continued to target the new post-millennial teen cohort known as Generation Z.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "686596aeff753cb470ab4f78e1baeab3", "text": "Arka Sıradakiler Arka Sıradakiler ( -LSB- aɾˈka sɯɾadacileɾ -RSB- ) is the title of a Turkish teen drama series , produced by Birol Guven and directed by Hamdi Alkan . Meaning `` those at the back row , '' name of the series alludes to a group of forsaken students whose experiences comprise the main theme of the storyline . The series began broadcast on September 30 , 2007 on Fox ( Turkey ) . It was aired weekly on Sundays at 19:45 ( UTC +2 ) until Season 6 , which was aired on TNT ( Turkey ) on Sundays , albeit at 20:00 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df9d168667f91971b1c8cf07bc7db022", "text": "Worst Year of My Life Again Worst Year of My Life Again is an Australian children 's television series that premiered on 26 April 2014 on ABC3 . It was produced by the Australian Children 's Television Foundation ( ACTF ) and Reflective Pictures for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Filming for the show began on 23 April 2013 at Camberwell High School , Victoria and ended on 15 November 2013 . The show is also played on CBBC .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "09bb6d64d0e433e3416dbeeed68f351e", "text": "Boston Boston ( pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States . One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School ( 1635 ) , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway ( 1897 ) , and first public park , Boston Common ( 1634 ) . The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups . Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities . Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment . The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c7bc52a0f510d15f95cefa069a70e99", "text": "Worcester, Massachusetts Worcester ( -LSB- ˈwʊstər -RSB- , -LSB- ˈwʊstə -RSB- ) is a city and the county seat of Worcester County , Massachusetts , United States . Named after Worcester , England , as of the 2010 Census the city 's population was 181,045 , making it the second most populous city in New England after Boston . Worcester is located approximately 40 mi west of Boston , 50 mi east of Springfield and 40 mi north of Providence . Due to its location in Central Massachusetts , Worcester is known as the `` Heart of the Commonwealth '' , thus , a heart is the official symbol of the city . However , the heart symbol may also have its provenance in lore that the mass-produced Valentine 's Day card was invented in the city . Worcester was considered its own region for centuries ; however , with the encroachment of Boston 's suburbs in the 1970s after the construction of Interstate 495 and Interstate 290 , it now marks the western periphery of the Boston-Worcester-Providence ( MA-RI-NH ) U.S. Census Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , or Greater Boston . The city features many examples of Victorian-era mill architecture .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1b180727dd1602dae60738622ba5714a", "text": "Abington, Massachusetts Abington is a town in Plymouth County , Massachusetts , United States , 20 mi southeast of Boston . The population was 15,985 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124f41b6cff3bee6a0dd90281cf8c739", "text": "Newton Upper Falls Newton Upper Falls is a village situated on the east bank of the Charles River in the city of Newton , Massachusetts , in the United States . The area borders Needham , Massachusetts to the south/southwest , Wellesley , Massachusetts to the west , the West Roxbury neighborhood of Boston to the extreme southeast , and the Newton villages of Waban , Newton Highlands and Newton Center to the north and east . The village is served partially by Eliot `` T '' station , part of the Green Line `` D '' Branch of the MBTA , with rapid light rail service inbound into downtown Boston and outbound to Riverside . Major roads that serve the village are Route 128 , and Route 9 ( Boylston Street ) , which provides a direct , 6 mile commute into downtown Boston . Newton 's first mill on the Charles River was built in 1688 in Upper Falls . Over the next 150 years , the water power available at Upper Falls led to the village 's steady growth as many more mills were built along that stretch of the river . By 1850 the village had 1300 inhabitants which was 25 % of the entire population of Newton . Newton Upper Falls is home to the Hemlock Gorge and Echo Bridge , a large aqueduct turned pedestrian walkway over the Charles River . It is said to be the only village that has retained its original name from when the area was founded in the 17th century . It has over 150 homes on the historic register despite its small area . In 1909 , a Roman Catholic church called Mary Immaculate of Lourdes opened in Upper Falls . Sullivan Avenue , an unpaved private road in Newton Upper Falls is the last remaining portion of the ancient highway connecting Boston and Cambridge with Newton and points west in the 17th century ( back then it was called Cambridge Village ) . Also on Sullivan Avenue is a famous pothole ; not the kind you avoid with your car , but a geological anomaly where a boulder that was originally pushed down the cliff by a now extinct waterfall got caught and became round . The boulder spun around in its place carving a shaft over thousands of years . Since then half the shaft collapsed and now all that can be seen is half of a cylindrical shaft through the cliff at the corner of Sullivan and Elliot Streets . A 60 acre area , including much of the area between Route 9 and Elliot Street , and east from the Charles River to Cottage Street and Hickory Cliff Road , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f9dceda6be60a955bd77adb649dbf37", "text": "Massachusetts Route 30 Route 30 is an east -- west arterial route , connecting Grafton with Packard 's Corner in Boston . Route 30 runs roughly parallel to the Massachusetts Turnpike and Route 9 , but unlike those two larger highways , takes a more meandering path from town to town . Between Boston and the Charles River it is known as Commonwealth Avenue , along most of this route is part of the course of the Boston Marathon . Route 30 has two interchanges with the Mass Pike , at Exits 13 in Framingham and 14/15 in Weston ; the latter also includes the junction with Interstate 95 ( Route 128 ) . It also has two interchanges with Route 9 , one in Westborough and one at the Southborough-Framingham border ( where the two highways have an interchange without actually crossing ) , as well as a section further east in Framingham that runs concurrently with Route 9 , for a total of four junctions between Routes 9 and 30 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3e28fe30d7899bca394f94980a3c487", "text": "Minuteman Bikeway The Minuteman Bikeway is a 10-mile ( 16-kilometre ) paved multi-use rail trail located in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts . It runs from Bedford to Alewife station , passing through Lexington and Arlington along the way . -RCB- | -RCB- | -RCB- The Minuteman Bikeway runs from Bedford to the Alewife station at the northern end of the Red Line in Cambridge . It passes through the towns of Lexington and Arlington on the way . Also along the route are several notable regional sites , including Alewife Brook Reservation , Spy Pond , `` Arlington 's Great Meadows '' ( actually located in Lexington ) , the Battle Green in Lexington , and Hanscom Air Force Base . At its Cambridge terminus , the bikeway connects with four other bike paths : the Fitchburg Cutoff Path the Cambridge Linear Park which , in turn , leads to the Somerville Community Path . the Alewife Brook Greenway , a connection to the Mystic River bike path , following Alewife Brook . The Alewife Brook extension received $ 4M from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 as the `` Minuteman Bikepath Connector '' project . a sidewalk path to Fresh Pond Reservation . Plans are underway to extend the Somerville Community Path to downtown Boston , which would create a much larger continuous bikeway accessible from the Minuteman . At the Bedford end , the Minuteman Bikeway connects with the Narrow Gauge Rail Trail and the Reformatory Branch Rail Trail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "693b9fa6a8a4f52652b153812b5d6fbd", "text": "State Street Block (Boston) State Street Block ( built 1857 ) is a granite building near the waterfront in the Financial District of Boston , Massachusetts . Architect Gridley James Fox Bryant designed it . In the 1850s `` the Long and Central Wharf Corporation ... sold each bay to individual owners , requiring that ` the granite to be used for the sidewalk & facade of each bay must be purchased from the Corporation & erected according to the architect 's plan . ' '' Walt Whitman visited Boston in 1860 , and wrote about what he saw : `` Noblest of all State Street Block , east of the Custom House , rough granite . The above probably one of the finest pieces of com -LSB- merical -RSB- architecture in the world . '' Another visitor travelling through Boston ( in 1859 ) called it `` a magnificent block . '' In the mid-20th century , `` nearly three-quarters of the original 22-bay building ... was amputated for construction of the Central Artery ... and the roofline of the remainder has been destroyed . '' The surviving portion of the block was added as part of the Custom House District to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3d0347ddf01040c160abd6a1470940", "text": "Midstate Trail (Massachusetts) The Midstate Trail is a scenic footpath which runs 92 mi through Worcester County , Massachusetts , from the Rhode Island border to the New Hampshire border , approximately 45 mi west of Boston . The trail is considered highly accessible , scenic , and remarkably rural despite its proximity to urban Boston . The trail includes the summits of Mount Wachusett and Mount Watatic , as well as many interesting geologic , historic , and natural features .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e0b05e86e910b0890ecb56cd931cf1e", "text": "Massachusetts General Court The Massachusetts General Court ( formally styled the General Court of Massachusetts ) is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . The name `` General Court '' is a hold-over from the earliest days of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , when the colonial assembly , in addition to making laws , sat as a judicial court of appeals . Before the adoption of the state constitution in 1780 , it was called the Great and General Court , but the official title was shortened by John Adams , author of the state constitution . It is a bicameral body . The upper house is the Massachusetts Senate which is composed of 40 members . The lower body , the Massachusetts House of Representatives , has 160 members . ( Until 1978 , it had 240 members ) It meets in the Massachusetts State House on Beacon Hill in Boston . The current President of the Senate is Stan Rosenberg , and the Speaker of the House is Robert DeLeo . Democrats hold super-majorities in both chambers . State Senators and Representatives both serve two-year terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71fa51f0a8513ae6cc3fce0cd9b45744", "text": "The Boston Associates The Boston Associates was a term created by historian Vera Shlakmen in Economic History of a Factory Town , A Study of Chicopee , Massachusetts ( 1935 ) to describe a loosely linked group of investors . They included Nathan Appleton , Patrick Tracy Jackson , Abbott Lawrence , and Amos Lawrence , often related directly or through marriage , they were based in Boston , Massachusetts . By 1845 , there were 31 textile companies -- located in Massachusetts , New Hampshire , and southern Maine -- produced one-fifth of all cotton and wool textiles in the United States . With the capital earned through these mills , they invested in railroads , especially the Boston and Lowell . These railroads helped transport the cotton from warehouses to factories . These Boston-based investors established banks -- such as the Suffolk Bank -- and invested in others . In time , they controlled 40 % of banking capital in Boston , 40 % of all insurance capital in Massachusetts , and 30 % of Massachusetts ' railroads . Tens of thousands of New Englanders received employment from these investors , working in any one of the hundreds of their mills . Mill locations established or improved by the Boston Associates : Waltham , Massachusetts ( 1813 ) Lowell , Massachusetts ( 1822 ) Manchester , New Hampshire ( 1825 ) Saco , Maine ( 1831 ) Nashua , New Hampshire ( 1836 ) Dover , New Hampshire ( 1836 ) Chicopee , Massachusetts ( 1838 ) Lawrence , Massachusetts ( 1845 ) Holyoke , Massachusetts ( 1847 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fdf6a25c8fec698031b47bf59e32587", "text": "Old National Pike Milestones The `` Old National Pike Milestones '' marked each mile of the old National Road in Maryland , an eastern coastal state of the United States , from its dominating city of Baltimore to major towns of western Maryland , as Frederick , and between it and Hagerstown , to Hancock , through to Cumberland in the western panhandle of the state in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains . The surviving stones have been included in the `` National Register of Historic Places '' , maintained by the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior , and may be seen along the route variously designated as U.S. Route 40 , Maryland Route 144 , Alternate U.S. Route 40 , and several other roads that trace the path of the original `` Old National Pike '' . From Baltimore to Cumberland , the road was surveyed and laid out with construction in several phases over different periods of time by several turnpike companies , chartered by the General Assembly of Maryland beginning in 1808 . Earlier in 1806 , the United States Congress with the approval of third President Thomas Jefferson , authorized the surveying and further construction of a `` national road '' to continue on from Cumberland on the upstream of the Potomac River further to the west across additional mountainous ranges in the Allegheny Mountains to the newly admitted State of Ohio ( admitted 1803 as the seventeenth state ) . Later the congressional action was amended to direct the road to the state boundaries on the Ohio River and it eventually landed at Wheeling , Virginia . In later decades , the road was extended west across Ohio , Indiana and into the Illinois Country , to eventually terminate by the 1840s in Vandalia , the territorial capital of Illinois , just east of the Mississippi River , and northeast of the newly emergent , frontier river port metropolis of St. Louis of the Missouri Territory and the former Louisiana Purchase of 1803 to the west . The `` Old Pike '' milestones in Maryland are about 30 inches tall , twelve inches wide and eight inches deep , with rounded tops and the inscription XX miles to B , referring to the distance to Baltimore , the road 's terminus . The composition of the stones varies , with the first 39 milestones of Baltimore gneiss from the area of Ellicott City . Stones from Frederick to Boonsboro are quartzite from the area of the Monocacy River . A unique white limestone with a distinctive inscription was employed from Boonsboro to Hagerstown , while west of Hagerstown the stones are gray limestone . Sixty-nine stones still remained on the `` Old National Pike '' at the time the stones were nominated to the National Register .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "615a38a5d1fd57aae718ca3bd6763db4", "text": "Wellfleet, Massachusetts Wellfleet is a town in Barnstable County , Massachusetts , United States , and is located halfway between the `` tip '' and `` elbow '' of Cape Cod . The town had a population of 2,750 at the 2010 census , which swells nearly sixfold during the summer . A total of 70 % of the town 's land area is in protection , and nearly half of it is part of the Cape Cod National Seashore . Wellfleet is famous for its eponymous oysters , which are celebrated in the annual October Wellfleet OysterFest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d69e64d77a462971accd33ab3157b5e3", "text": "Charlton, Massachusetts Charlton is a town in Worcester County , Massachusetts , United States . The population was 12,981 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9faf6e96063af0d6f673706f9ce6bc88", "text": "Worcester Historical Museum The Worcester Historical Museum , located in downtown Worcester , Massachusetts , was founded in 1875 as the Worcester Society of Antiquity . This museum is the only institution devoted entirely to local history and artifacts . The scope of their collection ranges from colonial to twentieth-century , encompassing manuscripts , textiles , paintings , and ceramics . The museum is made up of permanent and temporary exhibits , research library , and currently owns and operates the local Salisbury Mansion . The library maintains more than 7,000 titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9e6c14c2dbec95290cf1d6d256501e6", "text": "Worcester Junior College Worcester Junior College was a private two-year college located in Worcester , Massachusetts . Prior to its closure in 1989 , the College offered Associate 's degrees in liberal arts and sciences , business and engineering . WJC began in 1905 as the Worcester Youth Men 's Christian Association Institute . At the time , the College 's only academic offering was a course in automobile mechanics . The curriculum steadily expanded until 1956 , when WJC offered courses in Engineering , Business , and the Liberal Arts . By 1919 , the College was involved in a partnership with Northeastern University , becoming the Worcester Division of Northeastern . Courses were taught at a high school/technical school level . In 1926 , the WYMCA Institute decided to split into a preparatory school and an engineering school . In 1938 , the Institute received a charter to grant associate degrees and , in the same year , officially changed its name to Worcester Junior College ( some initial plans used the name ` Alden Junior College , ' but ` Worcester Junior College ' was used in the official charter ) . College officials complemented the night courses with a day school in 1940 , and in 1942 , dropped ties between the College and Northeastern . By 1977 , the WJC was operating as part of the a newly constituted institution of higher learning , known as Central New England Colleges ( CNEC ) . CNEC was composed of a junior college ( Worcester , offering under graduate degrees in business management and computer science ) and a senior college -LSB- Central New England College of Technology -RSB- serving some 2000 students . Based in its buildings in Worcester , MA , CNEC expanded its market and programs to a second campus by constructing a new state-of-the-art academic facility located in Westborough , MA . In the late 1980s , CNEC experienced a major funding exigency , largely caused by significant irregular financial administrative practices . In 1988 , CNEC was placed under the management of Nichols College . Seeking to alleviate the crisis and to serve the immediate academic needs of CNEC students and faculty , Nichols sought to restructure CNEC 's finances through the sale of CNEC 's Westborough property . Unfortunately , in 1989 , the Boston METRO-WEST real estate market experienced a downturn . Buyers for the property terminated their purchase and sale agreement , forfeiting their earnest money deposit . An official of the bank that held CNEC 's mortgage was unwilling to provide additional time to resolve the situation and forced the foreclosure of CNEC . CNEC closed its doors on April 21 , 1989 . Incidentally , several years later , the same bank official that dealt with CNEC was found guilty of absconding with funds secured through his forced foreclosures and was sentenced to a lengthy incarceration . Note : Records are kept at Nichols College in Dudley MA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "898517174a21a40c156ce035124873c4", "text": "Providence and Worcester Railroad The Providence and Worcester Railroad is a Class III railroad owned by Genesee & Wyoming . The railroad connects from Gardner in central Massachusetts , south through its namesake cities of Worcester and Providence , Rhode Island , and west from Rhode Island through Connecticut and into New York City . The railroad 's connection between New Haven , Connecticut and New York City and onto Long Island is via trackage rights over the Hell Gate Bridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93c289b5ba6199a0037cd64c42dc590", "text": "U.S. Route 39", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63e220988e131b3fa5b2c24bc88a926b", "text": "Worcester College, Oxford Worcester College -LSB- ˈwʊstər -RSB- is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes , a Worcestershire baronet , with the college gaining its name from the county of Worcestershire . Its predecessor , Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 . , Worcester had a financial endowment of # 16.7 million . Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , actress Emma Watson and novelist Richard Adams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5a92ea3312fd4e6eb4d98257a239a87", "text": "St Johns, Worcester St John 's is a large suburb of Worcester , England , west of the city centre and the River Severn . It became part of the City of Worcester in 1837 . The area is locally referred to as the `` Village in the City '' which is partly due to the area being an independent township before joining the city . Although there is still a strong sense of regional pride and identity within the community it seems that there is no plan to regain independent status . St John 's is a suburb of the City of Worcester , the largest settlement and administrative seat in Worcestershire . It constitutes as one of the 15 wards in the city . The A44 is the road which runs through the area ; is the most direct route from City of Worcester to Leominster , Herefordshire . St John 's is roughly 1093.6 yards west from the centre of Worcester and is made up of the area surrounding St John 's church , a short part of Bromyard Road , Bransford Road and Bromwich Lane . However , the west of the River Severn is often wholly referred to as St John 's , therefore encompassing the University , the county ground and Cripplegate Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbd359fe48da030b80d41a85575e7ee8", "text": "Severn Valley The Severn Valley is a rural area of mid-western England , through which the River Severn runs and the Severn Valley Railway steam heritage line operates , starting at its northernmost point in Bridgnorth , Shropshire and running south for 16 miles ( 26 km ) to Ribbesford , a few miles south of Bewdley , Worcestershire in the Wyre Forest . The area is about 25 miles ( 40 km ) due west of Birmingham in the West Midlands region . There is also use of this term to apply to areas around the River Severn as far south as Gloucester , and as far north as Ironbridge . To the north of Bridgnorth , the area around the river becomes much steeper and is known as Ironbridge Gorge . From Stourport on Severn south to Gloucester , the riverside has a much larger flood plain and loses its distinctive `` valley '' hillsides found a few miles north in Bewdley . To the south of Gloucester , it becomes the Vale of Berkeley and then the Severn Estuary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb7204644b7efae006efcdc010c0144", "text": "Building at 38-42 Worcester Street The Building at 38-42 Worcester Street in Southbridge , Massachusetts is a Victorian six family triple-decker built in the late 19th century . It is one of a few well-preserved triple-deckers in the part of Southbridge called `` The Flats '' that was heavily developed beginning in the late 1880s . It has distinctive porches which wrap part way around the sides of the house , and provide exterior stairs , a distinctive French Canadian architectural influence . The original porch had turned posts that gave it a somewhat lacy appearance , a detail that has since been lost . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbacd81c42c010017620fb6e14125d55", "text": "Old National Pike Old National Pike or Old National Road , and sometimes Old Cumberland Road , Old Route 40 , Old U.S. 40 are terms both colloquially and officially applied to bypassed parts of the United States ' first federally funded highway ( 1811 ) , the National Pikewhich are essentially the parts of U.S. Route 40 ( 1920s ) west of Baltimore and east of Missouri . Terms such as the ` Old National Pike ' and ` Old National Road ' are similar terms frequently built into the local business structure as official addresses , in advertising and generally refer to older roadway parts ( passing through congested business or residential neighborhoods ) which have been replaced by newer , more convenient highways or in most cases modern multi-lane super-highways . As the first National Highway , with the first ever congressional funding for a U.S. road , the highway grew with the nation . When the Interstate Highway system was funded , and sometimes locally as some cities , counties or states improved their own local highway networks , stretches of road containing a lot of turns , frequent stops ( traffic signals ) , and-or narrow hard to widen ways and roadbeds , stretches of local roads became bypassed and locally named `` Old National Pike '' . This is a partial list of those ambiguous names about the United States : Eight stretches of older highways , Special routes of U.S. Route 40 , have been granted federal support to maintain and sign by-passed roads as named variant of nearby wider U.S. 40 routes ; the route markers carry not only U.S. 40 designations , but auxiliary signs such as : `` Alternate '' , `` Business '' , `` Truck '' , `` Scenic '' , etc. . Some of these varieties of ` Old National Pike ' are linked below .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fcea13d081cb60384ccb3b7a50800e97", "text": "Slovenia Slovenia ( -LSB- sloʊˈviːniə , _ slə - , _ - njə -RSB- ; Slovenija -LSB- slɔˈʋéːnija -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : , abbr. : RS ) , is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers 20,273 km2 and has a population of 2.06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . The territory is mostly mountainous with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral that has a sub-Mediterranean climate and the north-western area that has an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven . Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of South Slavic , Germanic , Romance , and Hungarian languages and culture . Although the population is not homogeneous , the majority is Slovene . South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country . Slovenia is a largely secularized country , but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism . The economy of Slovenia is small , open , and export-oriented and has been strongly influenced by international conditions . It has been severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis , started in the late 2000s . The main economic field is services , followed by industry and construction . Historically , the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations , including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire , followed by the Habsburg Monarchy . In October 1918 , the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs . In December 1918 , they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . During World War II , Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany , Italy , and Hungary , with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia , a Nazi puppet state . Afterward , it was a founding member of the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia , later renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , a communist state which was the only country in the Eastern Bloc which was never part of the Warsaw Pact . In June 1991 , after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy , Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country . In 2004 , it entered NATO and the European Union ; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone ; and in 2010 joined the OECD , a global association of high-income developed countries .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0d86d00c11cbf2bedc6628128b38d9ce", "text": "History of democracy A democracy is a political system , or a system of decision-making within an institution or organization , in which all members have an equal share of power . Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government : the capacity to intervene in their own societies and the recognition of their sovereignty by an international legalistic framework of similarly sovereign states . -LSB- 2 -RSB- Democratic government is commonly juxtaposed with oligarchic and monarchic systems , which are rule by a minority and a sole monarch respectively . Democracy in its earliest forms is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization . The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be . Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War . Modern representative democracies attempt to bridge the gulf between the Hobbesian ` state of nature ' and the grip of authoritarianism through ` social contracts ' that enshrine the rights of the citizens , curtail the power of the state , and grant agency through the right to vote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0bb235f3e30ae919afa74b9721a861", "text": "Ski Association of Slovenia The Ski Association of Slovenia ( Smučarska Zveza Slovenije ) is an organization devoted to skiing in Slovenia . Headquartered in Ljubljana , it is the national representative of the International Ski Federation . Founded in 1948 , it covers the skiing disciplines of alpine , cross country , Nordic combined , ski jumping , and snowboarding . The current president is Enzo Smrekar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170a1dbf2a615f76b39b2f6cabe5be1b", "text": "Social Democratic Party of Macedonia The Social Democratic Party of Macedonia ( Социјалдемократска партија на Македонија , Socijal-demokratska partija na Makedonija , SDPM ) is a political party in Macedonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7449a09c872f896540eb004872abf965", "text": "List of Presidents of Serbia The following article contains a list of Presidents of Serbia . The list includes the heads of state of the Socialist Republic of Serbia , a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and heads of state of the Republic of Serbia ( 1992 -- 2006 ) , a constituent country of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / State Union of Serbia and Montenegro . Prior to 1974 , Serbia 's head of state was the speaker of the Serbian parliament . The President of the Republic ( Predsednik Republike , Председник Републике ) is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms . In addition to being the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces , the President has the procedural duty of appointing the Prime Minister with the consent of the National Assembly , and has some influence on foreign policy . The President 's office is located in Novi Dvor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15c16dc841e2fc0ff4f6b3d089edfbb8", "text": "Pan-African Parliament The Pan-African Parliament ( PAP ) , also known as the African Parliament , is the legislative body of the African Union and held its inaugural session in March 2004 . The PAP exercises oversight , and has advisory and consultative powers , lasting for the first five years . Initially the seat of the Pan-African Parliament was in Addis Ababa , Ethiopia but it was later moved to Midrand , South Africa . On 28 October 2009 , the second legislature of the Pan-African Parliament opened its first ordinary session and began a new 5-year mandate . South African president , Jacob Zuma , gave the opening speech and called for the PAP to be given full legislative powers and its members elected by universal suffrage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601f43f8cce5ec99068a168fd498a8c6", "text": "Law enforcement in Slovenia Law enforcement in Slovenia is governed by the Slovenian Ministry of Internal Affairs and is the responsibility of the Slovenian National Police force , which is composed of the 8 police directorates in Celje , Koper , Kranj , Ljubljana , Maribor , Murska Sobota , Nova Gorica , and Novo Mesto . The police force maintains a number of international partnerships with foreign police forces , including training with the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation , and involvement in Albania and Kosovo with the Multinational Advisory Police Element . The Slovenian police force was admitted to Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe on 24 March 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1499af29157358e5984f140069d090aa", "text": "Supreme Council (Transnistria) The Supreme Council of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ( Советул Супрем ал Републичий Молдовенешть Нистрене , Sovietul Suprem al Republicii Moldovenești Nistrene , Верховный Совет Приднестровской Молдавской Республики , Verkhovny Sovet Pridnestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respubliki , Верховна Рада Придністровської Молдавської Республіки , Verkhovna Rada Prydnistrovskoyi Moldavskoyi Respubliky ) is the parliament of Transnistria . The unicameral legislature consists of 43 seats , all of which are determined by single mandate constituencies . It is headed by a chairman ( or speaker ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d62dfb77c9ca05b778a9fc46591fd42", "text": "Slovene The terms Slovene or Slovenian may refer to : Slovenia , a country in Central Europe The Slovene language , a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia Slovenes , an ethno-linguistic group mainly living in Slovenia The term Slovene may also refer to : Slavic peoples , an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group Ilmen Slavs , the northernmost tribe of the Early East Slavs", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0426de1058a6de8c9083290b61107d4", "text": "Croatian parliamentary election, 1995 Parliamentary elections were held in Croatia on 29 October 1995 to elect the 127 members of the Chamber of Representatives . The result was a victory for the Croatian Democratic Union , which won 75 seats , an absolute majority . Therefore , this was the last election to date in which a single party won enough seats to govern alone , without the need for a pre-election or post-election coalition . Voter turnout was 68.8 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d12b4f96efbee94ba0abbcd41e7c6888", "text": "Youth Parliament (Greece) thumb | Parliament composition in 2010 : Greece ( 258 ) Cyprus ( 20 ) Greek communities ( 16 ) Germany ( 6 ) The Youth Parliament ( Βουλή των Εφήβων , Voulí ton Efívon , literally `` Parliament of the Youth '' ) is a youth parliament organization established in 1994 and hosted in the Hellenic Parliament annually . 300 youth between the ages of 17 and 20 are selected through an online essay competition , 258 from constituencies around Greece , 20 from Cyprus and 22 from other countries around the world with vibrant Greek communities such as Australia and Canada . The aim of the organization is the active participation of young Greeks in the political life of the country and to help them become active and responsible citizens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ebac84c6f54a7788abd4c30b1e3f9f0", "text": "Politics of Andorra The politics of Andorra take place in a framework of a parliamentary constitutional diarchy , and a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government , with the Head of Government of Andorra as chief executive . Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Before 1993 , Andorra 's political system had no clear division of powers into executive , legislative , and judicial branches . A constitution ratified and approved in 1993 establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains the President of France and Bishop of Urgell as co-princes and heads of state . However , the head of government retains executive power . The two co-princes serve coequally with limited powers that do not include an individual veto over government acts ( however , a bill can in effect be `` vetoed '' if both do not sign the legislation ) . They are each represented in Andorra by a personal representative . The fundamental impetus for this political transformation was a recommendation by the Council of Europe in 1990 that , if Andorra wished to attain full integration in the European Union ( EU ) , it should adopt a modern constitution that guarantees the rights of those living and working there . A Tripartite Commission -- made up of representatives of the co-princes , the General Council , and the Executive Council -- was formed in 1990 and finalized the draft constitution in April 1991 , making the new constitution a fact . One remaining , though symbolic , legacy of Andorra 's special relationship with France and Spain , is that the Principality has no postal service of its own -- French and Spanish postal services operate side by side , although each of them issues separate stamps for Andorra , instead of using their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3794e04f1bc02ad12080a82aee3b9848", "text": "Constitution of Albania The current Constitution of Albania was adopted on 28 November 1998 . It defines Albania as a parliamentary republic . According to the current Constitution , the Republic of Albania has a unicameral legislature composed of 140 deputies , who elect the head of state , the President of Albania , and the Council of Ministers that consists of the Prime Minister , Deputy Prime Minister and Ministers . The 1998 Constitution is divided into 18 parts which sanction a parliamentary democracy , people 's sovereignty and fundamental rights of the citizens as well as other important points . The Constitution is said to have fulfilled all the requirements for a modern European constitution . Due to political instability , Albania has had many constitutions during its history as an independent country . Albania was initially constituted as a monarchy in 1913 , briefly a republic in the 1920s , then it returned to a democratic monarchy in 1928 . It later became a socialist republic until the restoration of capitalism and democracy in the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12efa5e5e2398a555728fb0da7922914", "text": "Slovenian parliamentary election, 2011 A parliamentary election for the 90 deputies to the National Assembly of Slovenia was held on 4 December 2011 . This was the first early election in Slovenia 's history . 65.60 % of voters cast their vote . The election was surprisingly won by the center-left Positive Slovenia party , led by Zoran Janković . However , he failed to be elected as the new Prime Minister in the National Assembly , and the new government was formed by a right-leaning coalition of five parties , led by Janez Janša , the president of the second-placed Slovenian Democratic Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f2ee4e9bab0b7db3b38585abe4ff33d", "text": "Municipality of Škofja Loka The Municipality of Škofja Loka ( Občina Škofja Loka ) is a municipality in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia . The seat of the municipality is the town of Škofja Loka . The municipality was established in its current form on 3 October 1994 , when the former larger Municipality of Škofja Loka was subdivided into the municipalities of Gorenja Vas -- Poljane , Škofja Loka , Železniki , and Žiri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42a35590f2373868dc9b41152e2ebec", "text": "New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament , along with the Sovereign ( represented by the Governor-General ) . The House passes all laws , provides ministers to form a Cabinet , and supervises the work of the Government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts . The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body , usually consisting of 120 members ( currently 119 though recently had 121 with an overhang ) known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected for limited terms , holding office until Parliament is dissolved ( a maximum of three years ) . A government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of MPs . If no majority is possible then a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement . The House of Representatives was created by the British New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which established a bicameral legislature ; however the upper chamber , the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1951 . Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act . The debate chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city . Sittings of the House are usually open to the public , but the House may at any time vote to sit in private .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "712d9efe650d2d09c80b1650dc5006b9", "text": "Liberal democracy Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism . It is also called western democracy . It is characterised by fair , free , and competitive elections between multiple distinct political parties , a separation of powers into different branches of government , the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society , and the equal protection of human rights , civil rights , civil liberties , and political freedoms for all people . To define the system in practice , liberal democracies often draw upon a constitution , either formally written or uncodified , to delineate the powers of government and enshrine the social contract . After a period of sustained expansion throughout the 20th century , liberal democracy became the predominant political system in the world . A liberal democracy may take various constitutional forms : it may be a constitutional monarchy ( Australia , Belgium , Canada , Japan , Norway , Spain and the United Kingdom ) or a republic ( France , India , Ireland , the United States ) . It may have a parliamentary system ( Australia , India , Ireland , the United Kingdom ) , a presidential system ( Indonesia , the United States ) , or a semi-presidential system ( France ) . Liberal democracies usually have universal suffrage , granting all adult citizens the right to vote regardless of race , gender or property ownership . Historically , however , some countries regarded as liberal democracies have had a more limited franchise , and some do not have secret ballots . There may also be qualifications such as voters being required to register before being allowed to vote . The decisions made through elections are made not by all of the citizens , but rather by those who choose to participate by voting . The liberal democratic constitution defines the democratic character of the state . The purpose of a constitution is often seen as a limit on the authority of the government . Liberal democracy emphasises the separation of powers , an independent judiciary , and a system of checks and balances between branches of government . Liberal democracies are likely to emphasise the importance of the state being a Rechtsstaat , i.e. , a state that follows the principle of rule of law . Governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written , publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedure . Many democracies use federalism -- also known as vertical separation of powers -- in order to prevent abuse and increase public input by dividing governing powers between municipal , provincial and national governments ( e.g. , Germany where the federal government assumes the main legislative responsibilities and the federated Länder assume many executive tasks ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858cd250f987a57cf64fe8cb73ab77ef", "text": "National Council (Slovenia) The National Council ( Državni svet ) is according to the Constitution of Slovenia the representative of social , economic , professional and local interest groups in Slovenia and has a legislative function working as a corrective mechanism of the National Assembly , although it does not itself pass acts . It may be regarded as the upper house , but the bicameralism is distinctively incomplete . The council has 40 members : 22 representatives of local interests , six representatives of non-commercial activities , four representatives of employers , four of employees and four representatives of farmers , crafts , trades and independent professionals . It is not elected directly by the population , but meant to represent different interest groups in the country . The councillors are elected for a five-year term . The current President of the National Council is Mitja Bervar from 12 December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa1059e0f3ca23aa94656ee6291dd90", "text": "Vič District The Vič District ( -LSB- ˈʋiːtʃ -RSB- ; Slovene : Četrtna skupnost Vič ) , or simply Vič , is a district ( mestna četrt ) of the City Municipality of Ljubljana . It encompasses the western part of Ljubljana , the capital of Slovenia . It is named after the former village of Vič .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edf052b37f0e0281290e11b5c1917e6", "text": "Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . '' The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) . Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council . The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies . France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations . France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fef58228bc17eddb18c96d5f3005269", "text": "Politics of Portugal Politics in Portugal takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government . Portugal has a multi-party system . The President of Portugal is the executive head of state and has several significant political powers , which he exercises often . Executive power is exercised by the President and the Council of Ministers . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Since 1975 , the party system has been dominated by the social democratic Socialist Party and the liberal-conservative Social Democratic Party .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "581ea1b5cd1486e90a2ae327393bad94", "text": "Leopold II of Belgium Leopold II ( 9 April 1835 -- 17 December 1909 ) reigned as the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 . He became known for the founding and exploitation of the Congo Free State as a private venture . Born in Brussels as the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of Leopold I and Louise of Orléans , he succeeded his father to the Belgian throne in 1865 and reigned for 44 years until his death - the longest reign of any Belgian monarch . He died without surviving male issue ; the current Belgian king descends from his nephew and successor , Albert I. Leopold became the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State , a private project undertaken on his own behalf . He used explorer Henry Morton Stanley to help him lay claim to the Congo , the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo . At the Berlin Conference of 1884 -- 1885 the colonial nations of Europe authorized his claim by committing the Congo Free State to improving the lives of the native inhabitants . From the beginning , however , Leopold essentially ignored these conditions . He ran the Congo using the mercenary Force Publique for his personal enrichment . He used great sums of the money from this exploitation for public and private construction projects in Belgium during this period . He donated the private buildings to the state before his death , to preserve them for Belgium . Leopold extracted a fortune from the Congo , initially by the collection of ivory , and - after a rise in the price of rubber in the 1890s - by forced labour from the natives to harvest and process rubber . Under his régime millions of the Congolese people died ; modern estimates range from 1 to 15 million , with a consensus growing around 10 million . Human-rights abuses under his régime contributed significantly to these deaths . Reports of deaths and abuse led to a major international scandal in the early 20th century , and the Belgian government ultimately forced Leopold to relinquish control of the colony to Belgian civil administration in 1908 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "904a953ab1d4b6fb877f38ee21f7261d", "text": "London Protocol (1852) On 8 May 1852 , after the First War of Schleswig , an agreement called the London Protocol was signed . This international treaty was the revision of an earlier protocol , which had been ratified on 2 August 1850 , by the major Germanic powers of Austria and Prussia . The second London Protocol was recognised by the five major European powers -- Austria , France , Prussia , Russia , and the United Kingdom -- as well as by the Baltic Sea powers of Denmark and Sweden . The Protocol affirmed the integrity of the Danish federation as a `` European necessity and standing principle '' . Accordingly , the duchies of Schleswig ( a Danish fief ) , and Holstein and Lauenburg ( German fiefs ) were joined by personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark . However , Frederick VII of Denmark was childless , so a change in dynasty was imminent and the lines of succession for the duchies and Denmark diverged . That meant that , contrary to the Protocol , the new King of Denmark would not also be the new Duke of Holstein and Duke of Lauenburg . So for this purpose , the line of succession to the duchies was modified . Further , it was affirmed that the duchies were to remain as independent entities , and that Schleswig would have no greater constitutional affinity to Denmark than Holstein did . The major powers primarily wanted to ensure , by guaranteeing Denmark 's territorial integrity , that the strategically significant port of Kiel would not fall into Prussian hands . Eleven years later , this treaty became the trigger for the German -- Danish war of 1864 . Prussia and Austria declared that Denmark had violated the Protocol by introducing the November Constitution , which Christian IX of Denmark signed on 18 November 1863 . After an initial period of joint Austro -- Prussian administration , Kiel was ultimately delivered to Prussia in 1867 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b6929d544249fbf3269aa4a664ff7b2", "text": "Kingdom of Holland The Kingdom of Holland ( Koninkrijk Holland , Royaume de Hollande ) was set up by Napoléon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother , Louis Bonaparte , in order to better control the Netherlands . The name of the leading province , Holland , was now taken for the whole country . In 1807 Prussian East Frisia and Jever were added to the kingdom but in 1809 , after a British invasion , Holland had to give over all territories south of the river Rhine to France . Also in 1809 , Dutch forces fighting on the French side participated in defeating the anti-Bonapartist German rebellion led by Ferdinand von Schill , at the Battle of Stralsund . King Louis did not perform to Napoleon 's expectations -- he tried to serve Dutch interests instead of his brother 's -- and the kingdom was dissolved in 1810 after which the Netherlands were annexed by France until 1813 . The Kingdom of Holland covered the area of the present-day Netherlands , with the exception of Limburg , and parts of Zeeland , which were French territory , and with the addition of East Frisia , in present-day Germany . It was the first formal monarchy in the Netherlands since 1581 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a451369e6a3085f7f2399b0d8584b00b", "text": "Alfred Stevens (painter) Alfred Émile Léopold Stevens ( 11 May 182324 August 1906 ) was a Belgian painter , known for his paintings of elegant modern women . Alfred Stevens was born in Brussels . He came from a family involved with the visual arts : his older brother Joseph ( 1816 -- 1892 ) and his son Léopold ( 1866 -- 1935 ) were painters , while another brother Arthur ( 1825 -- 99 ) was an art dealer and critic . His father , who had fought in the Napoleonic wars in the army of William I of the Netherlands , was an art collector who owned several watercolors by Eugène Delacroix , among other artists . His mother 's parents ran Café de l'Amitié in Brussels , a meeting place for politicians , writers , and artists . All the Stevens children benefited from the people they met there , and the social skills they acquired in growing up around important people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d360f563200c5186c421a722c9b4a80", "text": "Leopold of Austria Leopold of Austria may refer to : Leopold I , Margrave of Austria , reigned 976 -- 94 Leopold II , Margrave of Austria , reigned 1075 -- 95 Leopold III , Margrave of Austria , reigned 1095 -- 1136 , saint Leopold V , Duke of Austria ( 1157 -- 1194 ) Leopold I , Duke of Austria , co-ruler of Austria from 1308 to 1326 Leopold II , Duke of Austria , nominal co-ruler of Austria , died 1344 Leopold V , Archduke of Austria ( 1586 -- 1632 ) , Regent of the Tyrol and Further Austria Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria ( 1863-1931 ) Archduke Leopold of Austria , Prince of Tuscany ( 1897-1958 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e03cd499fbd2dff27a2dab6e0e185800", "text": "Léon Delacroix Léon Frédéric Gustave Delacroix ( 27 December 1867 -- 15 October 1929 ) was a Belgian statesman . Before entering politics , he was a renowned lawyer , and served as president of the Belgian Court of Cassation from 1917 to 1918 . In the context of reconstruction after World War I , he was appointed the 22nd Prime Minister and served from 1918 to 1920 . During his term , universal suffrage for men was enacted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd4d2854857970d15b33046914545b", "text": "List of monarchs of Prussia The monarchs of Prussia were members of the House of Hohenzollern who were the hereditary rulers of the former German state of Prussia from its founding in 1525 as the Duchy of Prussia . The Duchy had evolved out of the Teutonic Order , a Roman Catholic crusader state and theocracy located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea . The Teutonic Knights were under the leadership of a Grand Master , the last of whom , Albert , converted to Protestantism and secularized the lands , which then became the Duchy of Prussia . The Duchy was initially a vassal of the Kingdom of Poland , as a result of the terms of the Prussian Homage whereby Albert was granted the Duchy as part of the terms of peace following the Prussian War . When the main line of Prussian Hohenzollerns died out in 1618 , the Duchy passed to a different branch of the family , who also reigned as Electors of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire . While still nominally two different territories , Prussia under the suzerainty of Poland and Brandenburg under the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire , the two states are known together historiographically as Brandenburg-Prussia . Following the Second Northern War , a series of treaties freed the Duchy of Prussia from any vassalage to any other state , making it a fully sovereign Duchy in its own right . This complex situation ( where the Hohenzollern ruler of the independent Duchy of Prussia was also a subject of the Holy Roman Emperor as Elector of Brandenburg ) laid the eventual groundwork for the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 . For diplomatic reasons , the rulers of the state were known as the King in Prussia from 1701 to 1772 ; largely because they still owed fealty to the Emperor as Electors of Brandenburg , the `` King in Prussia '' title ( as opposed to `` King of Prussia '' ) avoided offending the Emperor . As the Prussian state grew through several wars and diplomatic moves throughout the 18th century , it became apparent that Prussia had become a Great Power that did not need to submit meekly to the Holy Roman Empire . By 1772 , the pretense was dropped , and the style `` King of Prussia '' was adopted . Thus it remained until 1871 , when in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War , the King of Prussia Wilhelm I was crowned German Emperor . From that point forward , though the Kingdom of Prussia retained its status as a constituent state of the German Empire , all remaining Kings of Prussia also served as German Emperor , and that title took precedence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "552f5bf7b5738b7f4ce8e6616769f968", "text": "Empress Elisabeth of Austria Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria ( 24 December 1837 -- 10 September 1898 ) was the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I , and thus Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary , and many others ( see Grand title of the Empress of Austria ) . Born into the royal Bavarian house of Wittelsbach , Elisabeth ( also called `` Sisi '' ) enjoyed an informal upbringing before marrying Emperor Franz Joseph I at the age of sixteen . The marriage thrust her into the much more formal Habsburg court life , for which she was ill-prepared and which she found uncongenial . Early in the marriage she was at odds with her mother-in-law , Archduchess Sophie , who took over the rearing of Elisabeth 's daughters , one of whom , Sophie , died in infancy . The birth of a male heir , Rudolf , improved her standing at court considerably , but her health suffered under the strain , and she would often visit Hungary for its more relaxed environment . She came to develop a deep kinship with Hungary , and helped to bring about the dual monarchy of Austria -- Hungary in 1867 . The death of her only son Rudolf , and his mistress Mary Vetsera , in a murder -- suicide tragedy at his hunting lodge at Mayerling in 1889 was a blow from which Elisabeth never recovered . She withdrew from court duties and travelled widely , unaccompanied by her family . She was obsessively concerned with maintaining her youthful figure and beauty , which was already legendary during her life . While travelling in Geneva in 1898 , she was stabbed to death by an Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni . Elisabeth was the longest serving Empress of Austria , at 44 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275d872056ba670f5465a114a7bcd60e", "text": "Leopold, Duke of Bavaria Leopold ( Luitpold , c. 1108 -- 18 October 1141 ) , known as Leopold the Generous ( Luitpold der Freigiebige ) , was Margrave of Austria as Leopold IV from 1136 , and Duke of Bavaria as Leopold I from 1139 until his death in 1141 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce01046cf5a7985f12de28eee6858d23", "text": "Belgium and the Franco-Prussian War Though not actually a belligerent in the Franco -- Prussian War ( 1870 -- 71 ) , Belgian society and politics were heavily affected by the conflict , and in particular the fear of invasion by either side . The mobilization of the army in 1870 highlighted the inadequacies of the Belgian military and led to reform of the system of conscription ( and the abandonment of the system of Remplacement ) and a programme of re-fortification towards the end of the 19th century which would greatly influence the early phases of the First World War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f67988575c48a9178c9e3bc1bea08ab", "text": "Histoire de Belgique (book series) The Histoire de Belgique ( `` History of Belgium '' ) is a seven-volume survey of the history of Belgium by the historian Henri Pirenne , written in French language and published between 1900 and 1932 . The series , which traces the emergence of the Belgian nation-state from the Roman era until the start of World War I , is a classic of nationalist historiography and one of Pirenne 's major works . Although Pirenne is today best known as a historian of Medieval Europe , the Histoire de Belgique series was his most respected work during his lifetime and the foundation of his reputation as Belgium 's leading national historian . Unlike much nationalist historiography , Pirenne 's history did not trace the emergence of a Belgian `` Volksgeist '' ( national spirit ) but argued that Belgium had naturally developed as a cosmopolitan society to serve as a mediator between Latin and Germanic Europe . Pirenne did , however , believe in the existence of a distinctly Belgian civilisation ( civilisation belge ) reflecting a unique combination of external influences and which had changed over time without losing its distinctiveness . Publication began in 1900 and ended in 1932 after being disrupted for several years during the German occupation of Belgium ( 1914 -- 18 ) in which Pirenne had been held as a political prisoner . The seventh volume was awarded the Francqui Prize in 1933 . According to modern historians , Pirenne 's 1928 publication La Belgique et la Guerre Mondiale ( Belgium and the World War ) could be considered a chronological sequel , covering the period after the end of volume seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb5e330db2ccf59809329e02a534845a", "text": "Caroline Lacroix Blanche Zélia Joséphine Delacroix , better known as Caroline Lacroix ( 13 May 1883 -- 12 February 1948 ) was the most prominent and notorious of Leopold II of Belgium 's mistresses . Delacroix , who was of French origin , met the king in Paris as a young girl , when she was only 16 and he was 65 . At that time , she earned her living as a prostitute . They soon embarked upon a relationship that was to last until his death in 1909 . Leopold lavished upon her large sums of money , estates , gifts , and a noble title , Baroness Vaughan . Because of these presents , Caroline was deeply unpopular both among the Belgian people and internationally , as Leopold became increasingly criticized for his greed-induced actions in the Congo Free State , his own personal colony . As Caroline largely profited off the income from the colony , she became known as La reine du Congo ( `` the Queen of Congo '' ) . She and Leopold married in a religious ceremony five days before his death , though their failure to perform a civil ceremony rendered the marriage void under Belgian law . After the king 's death , it was soon discovered that he had left Caroline numerous properties , items of high material value , Congolese bonds , and other valuable sources of income -- all of which turned her into a multimillionaire . For years the Belgian government and Leopold 's three estranged daughters attempted to recover some of this wealth , with their success varying depending on the case . Caroline died on 12 February 1948 in Cambo-les-Bains , France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c7516f51cb35d10d943fb62442671b3", "text": "Leo Mechelin Leopold ( Leo ) Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin ( born 24 November 1839 , Hamina , Finland -- 26 January 1914 , Helsinki , Finland ) was a Finnish professor , statesman , senator and liberal reformer . A leading defender of the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland , and of the rights of women and minorities , Mechelin 's 1905 -- 1908 government ( `` Mechelin 's Senate '' ) made Finland the first nation in the world with the universal right to vote and to be elected . During his period in office the freedom of expression , the press , and of assembly were introduced . He also founded the Liberal Party of Finland ( 1880 -- 1885 ) , wrote its program , was one of the founders of the Union Bank of Finland 1862 ( now part of Nordea Bank ) and co-founded the Nokia Company ( 1871 ) with Fredrik Idestam , was the first chairman of the town council of Helsinki ( 1875 -- 1876 and 1892 -- 1899 ) and an internationally respected expert on politology and member of peace movement . Emperor Alexander II ennobled Mechelin 1876 . Mechelin led the passive resistance in Finland during the first period of oppression ( 1899 -- 1905 ) until and even after his banishment ( 1903 ) , from which officials had to let him return as a member of parliament ( House of Nobles ) 1904 , welcomed by a celebrating crowd of 10,000 people . In a secret meeting of the Kagaali , Mechelin had written a petition against the draft of Finns to the Russian army , which collected almost 500,000 signatures . His coalition , the Constitutionals , managed to end the draft through boycott . Born in Hamina in 1839 , the son of Gustaf Johan Mechelin and Amanda Gustava Costiander , Leo Mechelin studied at the University of Helsinki , gaining his Bachelor 's and Master 's degree 's in Philosophy in 1860 , a bachelor 's degree in law in 1864 , and a License and Doctorate in 1873 . As professor of jurisdiction and politology 1874-82 , Mechelin had argued that the tsars were bound by the old constitutional laws from the time of the Swedish rule of Finland ( before 1809 ) , and hence affirmed that Finland was a separate , constitutional state , which the tsar could only rule by law , whereas in Russia he had absolute power . During the periods of oppression , the tsar tried to impose unconstitutional laws , which Mechelin opposed . The unrests in Russia and Finland ( 1905 ) finally compelled the tsar to comply with the November Manifesto written by Mechelin . This allowed Mechelin to form a government ( 1905 -- 1908 ) and to transform Finland into what was in many respects the first liberal democracy ( e.g. , in New Zealand women already had the right to vote but not to be voted ; in Australia only white people had those rights ) in 1906 . In 1907 , the first universal elections to the one-chamber parliament ( `` eduskunta '' ) were held , and 19 of its 200 first members were women . However , the constitutionals of all parties did not obtain the majority of seats , and the tsar realised that he could carry on with the oppression , starting the second period of oppression ( 1908 -- 1917 ) . After Mechelin 's death ( in 1914 ) , the two revolutions in Russia allowed Finland to declare its independence ( 1917 ) and Mechelin 's younger co-workers were able to complete his work . Nokia , once a world-leading mobile phone corporation , was founded by Mechelin and his student days ' roommate Fredrik Idestam as a forestry company . Later Mechelin 's wish to expand into the electricity business were at first thwarted by Idestam 's opposition , but Mechelin managed to convince most shareholders of his plans and became the company chairman ( 1898 -- 1914 ) , thus being able to realise his visions . Mechelin was also active in civil society and President of the current University of Art and Design Helsinki and of the Finnish Art Society . As a politician he was always highly respected among all parties and citizens , although after the dissolution of the Liberal Party ( 1885 ) he never joined any other party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d54c4955a269bbb36e514425fcbd95", "text": "Political parties in Belgium Belgium is a federal state with a multi-party political system , with numerous parties who factually have no chance of gaining power alone , and therefore must work with each other to form coalition governments . Almost all Belgian political parties are divided into linguistic groups , either Dutch-speaking parties ( see also political parties in Flanders ) , Francophone parties or Germanophone parties . The Flemish parties operate in Flanders and in the Brussels-Capital Region . The Francophone parties operate in Wallonia and in the Brussels-Capital Region . There are also parties operating in the comparatively small German-speaking community . No party family has a realistic chance of winning enough seats to govern alone , let alone win an outright majority . Political parties are thus organised along community lines , especially for the three main communities . There are no representative parties active in both communities . Even in Brussels , all parties presenting candidates are either Flemish parties , or French-speaking . As such , the internal organisation of the political parties reflects the fundamentally dual nature of Belgian society . There are no significant parties left who exist , or operate on a national , Belgian level . From the creation of the Belgian state in 1830 and throughout most of the 19th century , two political parties dominated Belgian politics : the Catholic Party ( Church-oriented and conservative ) and the Liberal Party ( anti-clerical and progressive ) . In the late 19th century the Labour Party arose to represent the emerging industrial working class . These three groups still dominate Belgian politics , but they have evolved substantially in character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a98fe8674e8eba36a9032653e69f32a", "text": "Alexander von Falkenhausen Alexander Ernst Alfred Hermann Freiherr von Falkenhausen ( 29 October 1878 -- 31 July 1966 ) was a German general and a pardoned war criminal . He was an important figure during the Sino-German cooperation to reform the Chinese Army . During World War II Germany ended its support for China and Falkenhausen was forced to withdraw from China . Back in Europe he later became the head of the Nazi military government of Belgium from 1940 -- 44 during its German occupation . He was responsible for ordering the execution of hostages and deportations of Jews in Belgium . He was married twice , firstly to Paula von Wedderkop ( 8 October 1879 -- 3 March 1950 ) and then in 1960 , to Cecile Vent ( 16 September 1906 -- 1977 ) , both without issue . He was a nephew of Ludwig von Falkenhausen , who was the governor-general of Belgium during the German occupation , from 1917 -- 1918 , in the First World War and a direct male line descendant of Karl Wilhelm Friedrich , Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach , by his mistress Elisabeth Wünsch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b94de28bf7f6a99d12fe0c57f069e1b", "text": "Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels . The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a899b245c59291b8de29ab9d153fd247", "text": "Schleswig-Holstein Question The Schleswig-Holstein Question ( Schleswig-Holsteinische Frage Spørgsmålet om Sønderjylland og Holsten ) was a complex set of diplomatic and other issues arising in the 19th century from the relations of two duchies , Schleswig ( Sønderjylland / Slesvig ) and Holstein ( Holsten ) , to the Danish crown and to the German Confederation . The British statesman Lord Palmerston is reported to have said : `` Only three people have ever really understood the Schleswig-Holstein business -- the Prince Consort , who is dead -- a German professor , who has gone mad -- and I , who have forgotten all about it . '' Schleswig was a part of Denmark during the Viking Age , and became a Danish duchy in the 12th century . Denmark repeatedly tried to reintegrate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom . On March 27 , 1848 , Frederick VII of Denmark announced to the people of Schleswig the promulgation of a liberal constitution under which the duchy , while preserving its local autonomy , would become an integral part of Denmark . This led to an open uprising by Schleswig-Holstein 's large German majority in support of independence from Denmark and of close association with the German Confederation . The military intervention of the Kingdom of Prussia supported the uprising : the Prussian army drove Denmark 's troops from Schleswig and Holstein in the First Schleswig War of 1848 -- 1851 . The second attempt to reintegrate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom , initiated by the signing by King Christian IX of Denmark of the November Constitution in 1863 , was seen as a violation of the London Protocol and led to the Second Schleswig War of 1864 . Even though Schleswig , Holstein , and Denmark had all had the same hereditary ruler for some centuries , the inheritance rules in the three territories were not quite the same . The Dukedoms of Schleswig and Holstein were inherited under the Salic law which ignored females : the Kingdom of Denmark had a slightly different inheritance law which included male heirs inheriting through the female line . In the 19th century this slight difference in inheritance law meant that when the childless King Frederick VII of Denmark died the Kingdom of Denmark would be separated from the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein because one man would inherit the Kingship and another the Dukedoms , as happened on the death of Frederick in 1863 . The central question was whether the duchy of Schleswig was or was not an integral part of the dominions of the Danish crown , with which it had been associated in the Danish monarchy for centuries or whether Schleswig should , together with Holstein , become an independent part of the German Confederation . Schleswig itself was a fiefdom of Denmark , as the duchy of Holstein had been a fief of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806 , and become a component state of the German Confederation with the Danish king as duke . This involved the question , raised by the death of the last common male heir to both Denmark and the two duchies , as to the proper succession in the duchies , and the constitutional questions arising out of the relations of the duchies to the Danish crown , to each other , and of Holstein to the German Confederation . Much of the history of Schleswig-Holstein has a bearing on this question : see history of Schleswig-Holstein for details . Following the defeat of Germany in World War I , the Danish majority area of Northern Schleswig was finally unified with Denmark after two plebiscites organised by the Allied powers . A small minority of ethnic Germans still lives in Northern Schleswig , while a Danish minority remains in South Schleswig .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3e8d83b126379ed9f5d9d4e33090d57", "text": "Belgian general election, 1868 General elections were held in Belgium on 9 June 1868 . In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Liberal Party , which won 72 of the 122 seats . Voter turnout was 55.6 % , although only 55,297 people were eligible to vote . Under the alternating system , elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces : Antwerp , Brabant , Luxembourg , Namur and West Flanders . A special election was held in the arrondissement of Tongeren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a9d2034f28e8914d612f03672435b89", "text": "Frankfurt proposals The Frankfurt proposals or Frankfurt memorandum was a Coalition peace initiative designed by Austrian minister Metternich . It was offered to French Emperor Napoleon I in November 1813 after he had suffered a decisive military defeat at the Battle of Leipzig . The goal was a peaceful end to the War of the Sixth Coalition . The Allies had reconquered most of Germany up to the Rhine , but they had not decided on the next step . Metternich took the initiative . The Allies , meeting in Frankfurt , drafted the proposals under Metternich 's close supervision . The British diplomat in attendance , Lord Aberdeen , misunderstood London 's position and accepted the moderate terms . The proposal was that Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France , but France would be reduced to its `` natural frontiers . '' The natural frontiers in this case were the Pyrenees mountains , the Alps mountains , and the Rhine River . France would retain control of Belgium , Savoy and the Rhineland ( the west bank of the Rhine River ) , while giving up control of all the rest , including all of Spain , Poland and the Netherlands , and most of Italy and Germany . Metternich and Napoleon , meeting privately at Dresden in June had already discussed the terms . The final version was relayed to Napoleon by the Baron de Saint-Aignon in November . Metternich told Napoleon these were the best terms the Allies were likely to offer ; after further victories , the terms would become harsher and harsher . Metternich 's motivation was to maintain France as a balance against Russian threats , while ending the highly destabilizing series of wars . Napoleon , expecting to win the war , delayed too long and lost this opportunity . By December Austria had signed treaties with the Allies , and London rejected the terms because they might allow Belgium to become a base for the invasion of England . The offer was withdrawn . When the Allies invaded France in late 1813 Napoleon was heavily outnumbered ; he tried to reopen peace negotiations on the basis of accepting the Frankfurt proposals . The Allies now had new , harsher terms that included the retreat of France to its 1791 boundaries , which meant the loss of Belgium . Napoleon adamantly refused . He was finally forced to abdicate and lost his throne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51a9698e025f5c5c9a6f659b06194055", "text": "Helmuth von Moltke the Younger Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke ( -LSB- ˈhɛlmuːt fɔn ˈmɔltkə -RSB- ; 23 May 1848 -- 18 June 1916 ) , also known as Moltke the Younger , was a nephew of Generalfeldmarschall ( Field Marshal ) Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke and served as the Chief of the German General Staff from 1906 to 1914 . The two are often differentiated as Moltke the Elder and Moltke the Younger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f4ffebc7194a89eca03319b50b852", "text": "1910s The 1910s ( pronounced `` nineteen-tens '' , also abbreviated as the `` teens '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1910 , and ended on December 31 , 1919 . The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century . The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade , as well as the legacy of military alliances , was forever changed by the assassination , on June 28 , 1914 , of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . The murder triggered a chain of events in which , within 33 days , World War I broke out in Europe on August 1 , 1914 . The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11 , 1918 , leading to the controversial , one-sided Treaty of Versailles , which was signed on June 28 , 1919 . The war 's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia , Germany , China , Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary , with the latter splintered into Austria , Hungary , southern Poland ( who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia ) , Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia . However , each of these states ( with the possible exception of Yugoslavia ) had large German and Hungarian minorities , there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades . ( See Dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire : Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter . ) The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries . The Mexican Revolution spearheaded the trend in November 1910 , which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz , developing into a violent civil war that dragged on until mid-1920 , not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified . Russia also had a similar fate , since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos . This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism , which was later renamed as communism . Like the Mexican Revolution , the Russian Revolution of 1917 , known as the October Revolution , immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1922 . Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed . Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors . Prohibition in the United States began January 16 , 1919 , with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "433bb666e37d171929035790adb8abe5", "text": "Slovakia Slovakia ( listen ) , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . Slovakia 's territory spans about 49000 km2 and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak . The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . In the 7th century , they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra . In the 10th century , the territory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary , which itself became part of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Slovaks and Czechs established Czechoslovakia . A separate ( First ) Slovak Republic ( 1939 -- 1945 ) existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany . In 1945 , Czechoslovakia was re-established under Communist rule as a Soviet satellite . In 1989 the Velvet Revolution ended authoritarian Communist rule in Czechoslovakia . Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia , sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce . Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system . Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care , free education and one of the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union . The car industry represents 43 % of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4f02f67723fc27d880e5355a780feed", "text": "List of companies of Slovakia Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak . Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's biggest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone . The car industry represents 43 percent of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Slovakia '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "af9bd5cb8a67e06305cadbe7d4190475", "text": "European Parliament election, 2004 (Slovakia) The European Parliament election of 2004 in Slovakia was the election of MEP representing Slovakia constituency for the 2004-2009 term of the European Parliament . It was part of the wider 2004 European election . The vote took place on June 13 . The turnout was lowest of any country in the European Union . Support evenly distributed among five parties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f75936e4f2e0f87397dda393f72bb99", "text": "Beer in Slovakia Beer in Slovakia ( pivo ) has been produced and consumed at least since the 15th century . Together with the neighbouring Czech Republic , with whom it has a shared and intertwined history , Slovakia has a number of breweries and a rich beer culture . Brews in Slovakia usually range between 3.8 and 5.0 % alcohol content , and are classified further by its appearance of colour with 10 ° ( pale ) 12.5 ° and 12 ° ( lager ) being the most common degrees , however dark beers up to 16.5 degrees and above are also available . Since the fall of communism , most large commercial breweries were privatized and subsequently bought by foreign multinational companies . Today most are owned by either Heineken or SABMiller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a651ce1c0695f6fc4e89a05e7927b20f", "text": "Great Moravia Great Moravia ( regnum Marahensium , Μεγάλη Μοραβία -- megale Moravia , Velká Morava , Veľká Morava , Wielka Morawia ) , the Great Moravian Empire , ( historiographical terms -- original formal name is unknown ) or simply Moravia , was the first major state that was predominantly Slavonic to emerge in the area of Central Europe . Its core territories were located on the Morava river which gave its name to the kingdom . `` Morava '' in both Czech and Slovak refers to both the river and the land of Moravia - the medieval Margraviate of Moravia , which is now the eastern part of the Czech Republic . The river Morava flows south through the whole of Moravia , later forming the present-day border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia before finally becoming the border between Slovakia and Austria ( where it is called the March in German ) . The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language . After the fall of Great Moravia , its core territory was gradually divided between the newly ascending Czech Kingdom ( Bohemia ) and Hungarian Kingdom : the frontier was originally settled on the Morava river ( the Czech Kingdom to its west , and Hungary - present-day Slovakia - to its east ) . However , from the 12th century , the Czech kings managed to gain more and more of the region on the eastern bank - eventually gaining the whole stretch of the eastern territory from Uherské Hradiště down to Strážnice , and this region retained its non-Czech identity in its designation `` Slovácko '' as an alternative dialectal for `` Slovakia '' . After this , the Czech-Hungarian border shifted east to the White Carpathians . The core region of Great Moravia along the Morava river , thus divided between the present-day Moravia and Slovakia , has retained a unique culture in the rich folklore tradition both on the western bank of the Morava ( including the southern Záluží region ) and the eastern bank - the Slovácko ( in Moravia ) and Záhorie ( in Slovakia ) . Záhorie also boasts the only surviving building from Great Moravian times - the chapel at Kopčany just across the Morava from the archaeological site of Mikulčice . The core of Great Moravia was established , according to legend , in the early 830s , when Prince Mojmír I ( -LSB- moimi : r -RSB- ) crossed the Morava and conquered the principality of Nitra ( present-day western Slovakia ) . The former principality of Nitra was used as the údelné kniežatsvo , or the territory given to , and ruled by , the successor to the throne , traditionally the nephew ( sister 's son ) of the ruling kъnendzь or Prince . The extent and location of Great Moravia are a subject of debate . Rival theories place the center of it either south of the river Danube ( the river Morava in Serbia ) or on the Great Hungarian Plain . The exact date when the Moravian state was founded is also disputed , but it probably occurred in the early 830s under Prince Mojmír I , ( r. 820s/830s -- 846 ) , who is the first known ruler of the united Moravia . Mojmír and his successor , Rastislav ( `` Rostislav '' in Czech ) , who ruled from 846 to 870 , initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs , but the Moravian fight for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s . Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svätopluk I , ( Svatopluk in Czech ) , who ruled from 870 to 894 , and who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources . Although the borders of his empire can not be exactly determined , he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions , including Bohemia , most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia , Hungary , Poland and Ukraine , for some periods of his reign . Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svätopluk 's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia , which was overrun by the Hungarians . The exact date of Moravia 's collapse is unknown , but it occurred between 902 and 907 . Moravia experienced significant cultural development under Prince Rastislav , with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius . Rastislav had asked the Byzantine emperor to send a `` teacher '' ( učitelja ) to introduce literacy and a legal system ( pravьda ) to Great Moravia . The brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing ( the Glagolitic alphabet ) and Slavonic liturgy , the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II . The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki . The language , termed Old Church Slavonic , was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian , and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian . Old Church Slavonic , therefore , differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia . Later , the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svätopluk I. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire , the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was superseded by Cyrillic . The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries , particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus ' , charting a new path in these Slavic nations ´ cultural development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c04007feb746dd1e98f0da938db5ee7b", "text": "Danubian Flat The Danubian Flat ( Slovak : Podunajská rovina , German : Donauebene ) , also translated as Danubian Plain , is the south-western , more flat , part of the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia . The border with the Danubian Hills runs approx . along the line Bratislava -- Senec -- Sereď -- Nové Zámky -- Patince . It has been formed by the arms of the Danube ( Little Danube and others ) and by the southern Váh , Nitra and Žitava rivers . It is filled with huge layers of gravel from the Danube and other rivers of the area . These Danubian gravels are covered with loess and other very fertile soils . The Danube forms here a unique continental delta system of meanders and dead arms . The area between one of those arms called Little Danube and the Danube is known as the Žitný ostrov , the biggest river island in Europe . The Žitný ostrov is an area with marsh depressions , natural lakes and artificial lakes . The drainage system of the southern area was ( deliberately ) significantly changed by the construction of the Gabčíkovo Dam on the Danube . The Žitný ostrov has been a `` Protected Water Management Area '' since 1978 . The area is rich in forest glades , water and marsh fauna and flora . It has rich subterranean water reservoirs . Those in Žitný ostrov are among the largest in Central Europe . Warm springs can be found in Komárno , Štúrovo and Patince . The area has the warmest and driest climate in Slovakia . This , and the fact that it has fertile soils , make it the ideal place for agriculture . Wheat , sugar beets , sweet corn , vegetables and tobacco are grown here . Fruit and vine growing are also important . The most important towns of the area are the Slovak capital Bratislava ( the Danube Flat begins in below Bratislava Castle in central Bratislava ) , Galanta , Sereď , Dunajská Streda , Komárno , and Nové Zámky . The area features many small-scale protected areas , such as Ostov Kopáč in Bratislava or the Vlčianske mŕtve rameno , Čičovské mŕtve rameno . Protected marshes are for example the unique Šúr area in Svätý Jur . The area of Zlatná na Ostrove provides an extensive habitat for great bustards . Excellent opportunities for summer recreation are provided by the lakes Zlaté piesky in Bratislava and the lakes Slnečné jazerá in Senec , or by thermal swimming pools in Dunajská Streda , Veľký Meder and Diakovce . Category : Landforms of Slovakia Category : Plains of Slovakia Category : River deltas of Europe", "title": "" }, { "docid": "043e8872117f61b573bbf67023c5c2d8", "text": "Robert Fico Robert Fico ( -LSB- ˈrobert ˈfit͡so -RSB- ; born 15 September 1964 ) is a Slovak politician who has been Prime Minister of Slovakia since 4 April 2012 ; previously he was Prime Minister from 4 July 2006 to 8 July 2010 . He has been the leader of the Direction -- Social Democracy ( SMER-SD ) party since 1999 . First elected to Parliament in 1992 ( whilst within Czechoslovakia ) , he was later appointed to the Council of Europe . Following his party 's victory in the 2006 parliamentary election , he formed the first Fico Cabinet . While later in opposition , Fico again sat as a member of parliament , effectively as leader of the opposition . Following a motion of confidence against the Iveta Radičová cabinet , Fico was re-appointed as Prime Minister after leading SMER-SD to a landslide election victory in the 2012 parliamentary election , winning 83 seats and forming a government with an absolute majority in Parliament , the first such since 1989 . In 2013 , Fico officially declared his candidacy for the 2014 presidential election , but he lost to Andrej Kiska in the second round of voting on 29 March 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e5a41aedcc51c01449f6f34e1205cdd", "text": "Rail transport in Slovakia Rail transport in Slovakia began on 21 September 1840 , with the opening of the first horse-powered line from Bratislava to Svätý Jur ( at that time in Kingdom of Hungary ) . The first steam-powered line , from Bratislava to Vienna , opened on 20 August 1848 . The modern Železnice Slovenskej republiky company was established in 1993 as a successor of the Československé státní drahy in Slovakia . Until 1996 it had formal monopoly on railroad transportation in the country , which remained a de facto monopoly until the advent of private operators entering the network in the early 2010s . Private passenger service operators include RegioJet , which operate trains between Prague ( Czech Republic ) and Košice , Žilina and Košice , Žilina and Bratislava and on the Komárno - Dunajská Streda - Bratislava route . There are plans to win more tenders in Slovakia . Since 2002 a law divided the company : ŽSR was left with infrastructure maintenance and passenger and cargo transport was moved into company '' Železničná spoločnosť , a. s. '' ( ZSSK ) . In 2005 this new company was further split into '' Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko , a. s. '' ( ZSSK ) providing Passenger transport services and '' Železničná spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia , a. s. '' ( ZSSK Cargo ) providing cargo services . Freight transport is operated by ZSCS and around 30 private companies . Slovakia is a member of the International Union of Railways ( UIC ) . The UIC Country Code for Slovakia is 56 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd3590e2d326826561a264e007b4bb3", "text": "Catholic Church in Slovakia The Roman Catholic Church in Slovakia or Latin Church in Slovakia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome . Around 62 % of the total population is Roman Catholic ( i.e. of Latin rite ) . The country is divided into 8 dioceses including 3 archdioceses . In Slovakia there is also a separate jurisdiction for those of the Byzantine Rite , see Slovak Greek Catholic Church . Slovakia is the third most Catholic Slavic country , after Poland and Croatia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74de43047bb31c3844184e53edca41a3", "text": "Platform of European Memory and Conscience The Platform of European Memory and Conscience is an educational project of the European Union bringing together government institutions and NGOs from EU countries active in research , documentation , awareness raising and education about the crimes of totalitarian regimes . Its membership include 55 government agencies and NGOs from 13 EU member states as well as from the United States , such as the Institute of National Remembrance , the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial , the Stasi Records Agency and the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation . The platform has offices in Prague and Brussels . The platform was founded in Prague on the occasion of the summit of Prime Ministers of the Visegrád Group on 14 October 2011 . The signing ceremony took place in the Lichtenstein Palace under the auspices of Czech Prime Minister Petr Nečas , Polish Prime Minister and President of the European Council Donald Tusk , and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán . Its goal is described as helping `` prevent intolerance , extremism , anti-democratic movements and the recurrence of any totalitarian rule in the future . '' The initiative was originally proposed by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes and the Government of the Czech Republic , and the 2008 Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism ; on 2 April 2009 , the European Parliament passed a resolution in favour of the initiative , and in June 2009 , the Council of the European Union welcomed the initiative . The Platform of European Memory and Conscience was founded as an initiative of the Polish EU presidency in 2011 , after the project had been promoted by the Czech EU presidency already in 2009 and by the Hungarian EU presidency in 2011 . The secretariat of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience was originally hosted by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes , and the platform has received a strategic grant from the International Visegrád Fund . The founding institutions included government agencies of the Czech Republic , Poland , Germany , Hungary , Romania , Lithuania , Estonia , and Latvia , as well as several NGOs . The organisation 's strategic partners include the International Visegrád Fund and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation . The motto of the platform is `` democracy matters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1cab404daf8f0bcc483fec2c7e61ce2", "text": "Slovak National Library The Slovenská národná knižnica ( in English : Slovak National Library ) is a modern scientific , cultural , information and educational institution that serves all citizens of Slovakia and users from abroad . Slovak National Library is conservation and depositary library of Slovakia . SNL preferably collects , professionally processes , stores , protects and makes accessible domestic and foreign Slavic documents ( documents related to Slovakia by author , language , place of printing , theme ) . Funds and collections of the Slovak National Library contain 4.9 million library items , 1.7 million archive documents and thousands of museum units . Part of the SNL are also museums . Literary Museum collects objects related to Slovak literature , on which it presents a historical development of Slovak literature . Museum is also involved in presentation of the National Cemetery , gallery of graves of outstanding personalities from Slovak cultural , scientific and national life . Slavic Museum of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin , located in manor-house of Pushkin family in Brodzany , dedicated to one of the greatest Russian poets , documents literary relations between Slovak and Slavic literatures . SNL also manages the historical library of the Apponyi genus , located in Oponice manor-house . Slovak National Library coordinated the development of the library system of the Slovak republic and provides modernization of library and information services . SNL directly cooperates with slovak and foreign institutions on international projects solutions . In 2010 the SNL became a solver of national project Digital Library and Digital Archive ( DIKDA ) co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund ( ERDF ) . Through the DIKDA project SNL makes public digitized works from its collections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f5c90ae0cc15ee618756f0ae1e96e1", "text": "Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest Slovakia has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest seven times , debuting in 1994 . It had attempted to debut in 1993 , but did not pass through the qualifying round . In the first three finals that Slovakia participated in , it placed no better than 18th , which it achieved in 1996 . Because of its poor results , it was forced to miss a year after each contest and then the country opted not to return for a number of years . It did eventually return to the Contest eleven years later , in 2009 , although they withdrew again within 4 years , having failed to qualify to the final every year since their return .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c39ac759f0d7f148f7a6279184ff63", "text": "Slovak parliamentary election, 1998 Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 25 and 26 September 1998 . The elections are regarded as a pivotal point in post-Communist Slovak history , as they brought about the end of the Vladimír Mečiar government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1a672b5db962312e460d9a42748707", "text": "Human trafficking in Slovakia Slovak Republic is a source , transit , and limited destination country for women and girls from Moldova , Ukraine , Bulgaria , the Balkans , the Baltics , and China trafficked to Germany , Austria , the Czech Republic , Switzerland , Sweden , Italy , Austria , the Netherlands , Spain , Croatia , and Slovenia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation . Men from Vietnam were trafficked to Slovakia for the purpose of forced labor . Roma women and girls from Slovakia are trafficked internally for sexual exploitation . The Government of the Slovak Republic does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking ; however , it is making significant efforts to do so . The government allocated $ 91,000 for anti-trafficking efforts in 2007 , an increase from $ 60,000 in 2006 . In February 2008 , police began investigating the country 's first identified labor trafficking case involving eight Vietnamese nationals forced to work in a cigarette factory in Bratislava . The government also made efforts to improve victim identification and assistance referral . However , the number of victims assisted by government - funded programs decreased in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e521d954c415a7229c20f2575f87bfd", "text": "Slovak identity card The Slovak identity card ( Občiansky preukaz ) is issued to citizens of the Slovak Republic aged 15 and older . A Slovak ID card can be used for travel in all member states of the European Union and the Schengen Area as well as several other European countries ( including Balkan countries , for example Macedonia and Serbia ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c675ff9deb9eec5713f22604a6eddc4c", "text": "Slovaks in Austria Slovaks in Austria have a history dating back to the early centuries of the Common Era . Currently , there are 35,326 Slovaks in Austria as of 2016 . Large communities of Slovaks can be found in Vienna and Lower Austria , with a smaller community in Styria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f478aeb322da37de39d25274c50777", "text": "Slovakia at the 2014 European Athletics Championships Slovakia competed at the 2014 European Athletics Championships in Zürich , Switzerland , between 12 and 17 August 2014 . A delegation of 25 athletes were sent to represent the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ef3904315f53a88b4259444abfbe8ef", "text": "Transport in Slovakia Transport in Slovakia is possible by rail , road , air or rivers . Slovakia is a developed Central European country with a well-developed rail network ( 3,662 km ) and a highway system ( 225.25 km ) . Main international airport is the M. R. Štefánik Airport in the capital , Bratislava . Most important waterway is the river Danube used both by passenger , cargo and freight ships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa84ecb592f1304f07d22eabd871dd4d", "text": "Denmark–Slovakia relations Denmark -- Slovakia relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Slovakia . Denmark has an embassy in Bratislava . Slovakia has an embassy in Copenhagen . The relations between Denmark and Slovakia are described as good and friendly . Denmark has a trade office in Slovakia . Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO . On 4 September 2002 , a Memorandum Of Understanding between the two countries , were signed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3227b1adef64050e023188448a6a4b", "text": "Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 Slovakia participated at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Bærum , Norway with the song Horehronie , which failed to qualify for the final . Slovenská televízia ( STV ) organised the national final to select the Slovak entry for the contest using the Eurosong 2010 format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a712da700038eb4772dbeb5c5a05e66", "text": "Slovak Socialist Republic From 1969 to 1990 , the Slovak Socialist Republic ( Slovenská socialistická republika in Slovak ; abbreviated SSR ) was the official name of that part of Czechoslovakia that is Slovakia today . The name was used from 1 January 1969 until March 1990 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "20056387af6b38c050221f3519001175", "text": "Aishwarya Rai Aishwarya Rai ( born 1 November 1973 ) , also known by her married name Aishwarya Rai Bachchan , is an Indian actress , model and the winner of the Miss World 1994 pageant . Through her successful acting career , she has established herself as one of the most popular and influential celebrities in India . Rai has received numerous awards and accolades , including two Filmfare Awards from eleven nominations , and she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009 . She has often been called `` the most beautiful woman in the world '' . While in college , Rai did a few modelling jobs . Following appearances in several television commercials , she entered the Miss India pageant , in which she placed second . She was then crowned Miss World 1994 , after which she began receiving offers to act in film . She made her acting debut in Mani Ratnam 's 1997 Tamil film Iruvar and had her first Hindi film release in Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya that same year . Her first commercial success was the Tamil romantic drama Jeans ( 1998 ) , following which she achieved wider success and won two Best Actress awards at Filmfare for her performances in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam ( 1999 ) and Devdas ( 2002 ) . Rai garnered critical appreciation for portraying a passionate artist in the Tamil romance Kandukondain Kandukondain ( 2000 ) , Tagore 's heroine , Binodini , in the Bengali film Chokher Bali ( 2003 ) , a depressed woman in the drama Raincoat ( 2004 ) , Kiranjit Ahluwalia in the British drama film Provoked ( 2006 ) , as a nurse in the drama Guzaarish ( 2010 ) and as a justise-seeking sister in the biographical drama Sarbjit ( 2015 ) . Rai 's greatest commercial successes have been the romance Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) , the adventure film Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , the historical romance Jodhaa Akbar ( 2008 ) , the science fiction film Enthiran ( 2010 ) , and the romantic drama Ae Dil Hai Mushkil ( 2016 ) . Rai married actor Abhishek Bachchan in 2007 with whom she has one daughter . Her off-screen roles include duties as a brand ambassador for several charity organisations and campaigns . She is a Goodwill Ambassador for the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS ( UNAIDS ) . In 2003 , she was the first Indian actress to be a jury member at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4e136f2da699353112e0424e44c54751", "text": "Veena World Veena World ( वीणा वर्ल्ड in Marathi ) is a Mumbai , India based online/offline travel company established on 18 June 2013 after the de-merger of the family business Kesari Tours Pvt Ltd. in February 2013 . It was established by Veena Patil after the sell-out of her stocks along with the other directors from the previous company . Its corporate office is in Vidyavihar , Mumbai . Apart from Vidyavihar , they also have their sales offices at Borivali , Prabhadevi , Ghatkopar , Thane , Vashi , Dombivali , Vasai , and Pune . Veena World is active across every travel segment i.e. Family Group Tours , Specialty Tours , Inbound Holidays , Customized Packages ( Signature Holidays ) and Corporate Travel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f9ea3496604c7050400a35b4749966e", "text": "India's Most Reputed Brands India 's Most Reputed Brands is an annual research on the Reputation of Brands based on perceptions of consumers and media . The study is published by , BlueBytes News a media analytics and Reputation Measurement company in association with TRA Research , a brand insights firm and also the publisher of The Brand Trust Report and India 's Most Attractive Brands . Both companies are a part of the Comniscient Group . Reputation , which can be thought of as a shorthand for quality , is based on the attitude of Respect exuded by the brand - revealed in terms of appropriate regard of ` value ' . Bluebytes has defined Reputation as a measure of the effectiveness of transmitted belief about attitudes showcasing Respect . Thus , in measuring Reputation , both aspects have to be considered , the attitudes of Respect as understood by the stakeholders and the media 's carriage and transmission of the brand 's respect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1e0060dfef66cb4c798fe6ae24bc08c", "text": "Corporate branding Corporate branding refers to the practice of promoting the brand name of a corporate entity , as opposed to specific products or services . The activities and thinking that go into corporate branding are different from product and service branding because the scope of a corporate brand is typically much broader . It should also be noted that while corporate branding is a distinct activity from product or service branding , these different forms of branding can , and often do , take place side-by-side within a given corporation . The ways in which corporate brands and other brands interact is known as the corporate brand architecture . Corporate branding affects multiple stakeholders ( e.g. , employees , investors ) and impacts many aspects of companies such as the evaluation of their product and services , corporate identity and culture , sponsorship , employment applications , brand extensions ( see study Fetscherin and Usunier , 2012 ) . It therefore can result in significant economies of scope since one advertising campaign can be used for several products . It also facilitates new product acceptance because potential buyers are already familiar with the name . However , this strategy may hinder the creation of distinct brand images or identities for different products : an overarching corporate brand reduces the ability to position a brand with an individual identity , and may conceal different products ' unique characteristics . Corporate branding is not limited to a specific mark or name . Branding can incorporate multiple touchpoints . These touchpoints include ; logo , customer service , treatment and training of employees , packaging , advertising , stationery , and quality of products and services . Any means by which the general public comes into contact with a specific brand constitutes a touchpoint that can affect perceptions of the corporate brand . It has been argued that successful corporate branding often stems from a strong coherence between what the company 's top management seek to accomplish ( their strategic vision ) , what the company 's employees know and believe ( lodged in its organizational culture ) , and how its external stakeholders perceived the company ( their image of it ) . Misalignments between these three factors , may indicate an underperforming corporate brand . This type of corporate brand analysis has been labeled the Vision-Culture-Image ( VCI ) Alignment Model . Changes in stakeholder expectations are causing an increasing number of corporations to integrate marketing , communications and corporate social responsibility into corporate branding . This trend is evident in campaigns such as IBM Smarter Planet , G.E. Ecomagination , The Coca-Cola Company Live Positively , and DOW Human Element . As never before , people care about the corporation behind the product . They do not separate their opinions about the company from their opinions of that company 's products or services . This blending of corporate and product/service opinions is due to increasing corporate transparency , which gives stakeholders a deeper , clearer view into a corporation 's actual behavior and actual performance . Transparency is , in part , a byproduct of the digital revolution , which has enabled stakeholders -- employees , retirees , customers , business partners , supply chain partners , investors , neighbors -- with the ability to share opinion about corporations via social media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3626bbd084908e518a8d760dafb38345", "text": "Brand (disambiguation) Brand is a name , sign , symbol , slogan or anything that is used to identify and distinguish a specific product , service , or business . Brand may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e563c4161c0fbbef3c4b44ba170033c9", "text": "Jatan Sansthan Jatan Sansthan is a grassroots Indian non-governmental organisation ( NGO ) based in the state of Rajasthan . The name is derived from local languages and translates to `` Offering Organisation/NGO . '' Founded in 2001 by Dr. Kailash Brijwasi , the NGO was formed to provide needed services to young people in the rural areas . As the organisation has evolved , Jatan has expanded its services and trainings . They now work in the sectors of maternal health , sexual and reproductive health , migrant supportive services , women 's empowerment and livelihood , childhood education , and local government empowerment . The administrative office is based in Udaipur , but Jatan has three field offices located in both the Rajsamand and Bhilwara districts . Partnerships with other NGOs have been a core precept of Jatan , both local and global . Notable partnerships have been with Aajeevika Bureau , Vikalp Designs , Chetna , Women 's Health and Rights Advocacy Partnership , WomenPowerConnect , Rajasthan State AIDS Control Society , Prayas and Pathfinder International . Jatan has hosted many interns from US-based Foundation for Sustainable Development and Minnesota Studies in International Development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c427ec0bff7aec5fe35a1d36da6c7fd9", "text": "Design management Design management is a business discipline that uses project management , design , strategy , and supply chain techniques to control a creative process , support a culture of creativity , and build a structure and organization for design . The objective of design management is to develop and maintain an efficient business environment in which an organization can achieve its strategic and mission goals through design . Design management is a comprehensive activity at all levels of business ( operational to strategic ) , from the discovery phase to the execution phase . `` Simply put , design management is the business side of design . Design management encompasses the ongoing processes , business decisions , and strategies that enable innovation and create effectively-designed products , services , communications , environments , and brands that enhance our quality of life and provide organizational success . '' The discipline of design management overlaps with marketing management , operations management , and strategic management . Traditionally , design management was seen as limited to the management of design projects , but over time , it evolved to include other aspects of an organization at the functional and strategic level . A more recent debate concerns the integration of design thinking into strategic management as a cross-disciplinary and human-centered approach to management . This paradigm also focuses on a collaborative and iterative style of work and an abductive mode of inference , compared to practices associated with the more traditional management paradigm . Design has become a strategic asset in brand equity , differentiation , and product quality for many companies . More and more organizations apply design management to improve design-relevant activities and to better connect design with corporate strategy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74019fe170044b2d0abed22a3f006fff", "text": "Brand Finance Brand Finance is an independent branded business valuation consultancy . It advises strongly branded organisations , or those with valuable intangible assets , on how to maximise their value through effective management of their brand and other intangible assets . Brand Finance has been certified with ISO 10668:2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97a3076ca294761e3b34e6cff098b1b9", "text": "Rupa Dash Rupa Dash is an Indian entrepreneur and filmmaker . She was born in Cuttack , Odisha and lives in Los Angeles . An ardent advocate for social entrepreneurship , democracy building and leadership development for women , she was the first Indian American Managing Director of World 's Largest Women Entrepreneurship Network . She has been leading eWomenNetwork , Los Angeles to assist women in building business relationships and finding new ways scaling business.She holds a bachelor 's degree in Business Management from Utkal University and Executive Program in International Business , International Trade from IIFT , New Delhi . She also studied Entrepreneurship from Anderson School Management , UCLA , Los Angeles . She is the youngest woman to receive the National Award for the Best Telecom Brand Market , 2012 by the Ministry of Telecom and United Nation , International Telecom Union ( ITU ) in India . She runs two successful media and entertainment companies in Los Angeles . In 2014 she Co-Founded World Woman Foundation with Upendra K. Kar . The Foundation is widely recognized `` Premier Women 's Leadership Institute '' to support , promote and build legacy of women leadership in areas of Business , Entertainment , Science and Technology for gender harmony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701499e827ac07e1e08fc4648eed1537", "text": "Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) The Global Health Innovative Technology Fund ( GHIT Fund ) , headquartered in Japan , is an international public-private partnership between the Government of Japan ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ) , 16 pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies ( Astellas , Chugai , Eisai , Daiichi Sankyo , Fujifilm , GlaxoSmithKline , Johnson & Johnson , Kyowa Hakko Kirin , Merck Group , Mistubishi Tanabe , Nipro , Otsuka , Shionogi , Sumitomo Dainippon , Sysmex and Takeda ) , the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the Wellcome Trust and United Nations Development Programme . It funds scientific research and development for anti-infectives and diagnostics for diseases that primarily affect the developing world . Bill Gates has noted that `` GHIT draws on the immense innovation capacity of Japan 's pharmaceutical companies , universities and research institutions to accelerate the creation of new vaccines , drugs and diagnostic tools for global health . '' Margaret Chan , Director-General of the World Health Organization , said : `` The GHIT Fund has stepped in to provide that incentive in a pioneering model of partnership that brings Japanese innovation , investment and leadership to the global fight against infectious disease . '' The GHIT Fund is the first public-private partnership fund to involve a national government , a UN agency , a consortium of pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies , and international philanthropic foundations . The public-private partnership model , the inclusion of a whole pharmaceutical sector and the structure of individual research projects across sectors and national boundaries are all aimed at reducing the R&D risk to any one entity and to ensure that findings are open to all . Another key opportunity the GHIT Fund has created has been to help open the doors of Japan 's public and private drug compound libraries to product development partnerships , which makes possible the screening of tens of thousands of drug candidates for potential new treatments . The participating companies view their investments into neglected diseases through the Fund as a long-term investment into the future , rather than charity . They see the Fund as a necessary catalyst for having allowed them to pursue this line of research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c7abe9127475d9876bb1ba82e8d33b", "text": "Paresh Lamba Paresh Lamba ( born June 26 , 1966 in Mumbai , Maharashtra ) is an Indian fashion designer and business executive , best known for his clothing company , Paresh Lamba Signatures , which is a multi-national company . It makes clothes for both men and women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8247835a52b7f924ba74b9e723193b3b", "text": "Wunderman Wunderman is a network of advertising , marketing and consulting companies with offices in 60 countries . Headquartered in New York City , Wunderman is part of Young & Rubicam Brands and a member of WPP Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd367d09ac600bd8d1990bea0cc03d20", "text": "Loyalty marketing Loyalty marketing is an approach to marketing , based on strategic management , in which a company focuses on growing and retaining existing customers through incentives . Branding , product marketing and loyalty marketing all form part of the customer proposition -- the subjective assessment by the customer of whether to purchase a brand or not based on the integrated combination of the value they receive from each of these marketing disciplines . The discipline of customer loyalty marketing has been around for many years , but expansions from it merely being a model for conducting business to becoming a vehicle for marketing and advertising have made it omnipresent in consumer marketing organizations since the mid - to late-1990s . Some of the newer loyalty marketing industry insiders , such as Fred Reichheld , have claimed a strong link between customer loyalty marketing and customer referral . In recent years , a new marketing discipline called `` customer advocacy marketing '' has been combined with or replaced `` customer loyalty marketing . '' To the general public , many airline miles programs , hotel frequent guest programs and credit card incentive programs are the most visible customer loyalty marketing programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60188320c917f4a88ab98618ddd37a0b", "text": "The7stars the7stars is a British media agency . The organization develops promotional content and television advertising , along with social media marketing for clients , who have included music labels Cooking Vinyl , EMI Records , and Atlantic Records . In 2008 , Marketing magazine listed the agency as # 34 in the Top 50 Media Agencies in the world , rising from # 53 in 2007 . In 2015 , Campaign Magazine ranked the7stars the 12th biggest media agency in Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d96364ccd748b478a072f2b5bc772f9", "text": "Sanjay Rawal Sanjay Rawal ( born October 30 , 1974 ) is an Indian-American documentary film director who lives in New York City . His 2014 film Food Chains premiered at the Berlin Film Festival in its Culinary Cinema Programme and had its US premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival . Food Chains is produced by Smriti Keshari , Eva Longoria , Eric Schlosser , Hamilton Fish V and Rawal himself . Rawal was a winner of the 2015 James Beard Foundation Award for Special/Documentary for Food Chains . He was raised in northern California , where his father is a tomato breeder , and so Rawal was introduced to the agricultural industry at a young age . He began Food Chains in 2011 , after witnessing the inequality in the fields of Florida . In March 2016 , Rawal was thanked by the Bernie Sanders campaign for the licensing of related video footage used in the Sanders ' advertisement titled `` Tenemos Familias . '' Rawal 's second documentary film , Challenging Impossibility , premiered at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival and played in nearly 70 more . It won awards at several film festivals including at the Atlanta Shortsfest . His first film Ocean Monk won the Best Documentary Short Award at the 2010 St. Louis International Film Festival . Prior to becoming a filmmaker , Rawal was deeply involved with international development and ran projects in over 40 nations . He worked on projects with celebrities like Wyclef Jean and Donna Karan . Rawal was also engaged in activism regarding peace , security , and women 's issues -- serving on the first men 's committee for V-Day . Much of his work has been inspired by his spiritual teacher Sri Chinmoy and he has edited and published books by this leader -- including America the Beautiful , which was read as an audio book by Richard Dreyfuss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abc398d9bd37cf19804433cd221e9e90", "text": "Creative Commercials Creative Commercials is an Indian film production company established by K. S. Rama Rao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c89b49d315f3071f60475f8acc5fdef", "text": "Influencer marketing Influencer marketing ( also influence marketing ) is a form of marketing in which focus is placed on specific key individuals ( or types of individual ) rather than the target market as a whole . It identifies the individuals that have influence over potential buyers , and orients marketing activities around these influencers . Influencer content may be framed as testimonial advertising where they play the role of a potential buyer themselves , or they may be third parties . These third parties exist either in the supply chain ( retailers , manufacturers , etc. ) or may be so-called value-added influencers ( such as journalists , academics , industry analysts , professional advisers , and so on ) . The idea of a `` two-step flow of communication '' was introduced in The People 's Choice ( Paul Lazarsfeld , Bernard Berelson , and Hazel Gaudet , a 1940 study on the decision making process of voters . This idea was further developed in `` Personal Influence '' ( Lazarsfeld , Elihu Katz 1955 ) and `` The Effects of Mass Communication '' ( Joseph Klapper 1960 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67913f8255e50ba3a9f395e772048395", "text": "Surya Group Surya Group is an International Textile Company founded in 1963 in Dubai , specialized in the supply of fabrics and garment accessories ; the representative of Nickelodeon and Caterpillar Inc. brands with CEO - Ravi Navlani . Initial products included Consumer Electronics , Watches , Textiles and Luxury Goods . Over time they switched to Textiles , Accessories and Fine Fabrics . The group evolved into a luxury retail brand in the Middle East market . Today , the company has expanded activities to include distribution , retail , investments and real estate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c5c9f90142120f545b8e6f0e9391da6", "text": "Word-of-mouth marketing Word-of-mouth marketing ( WOMM , WOM marketing ) , also called word of mouth advertising , differs from naturally occurring word of mouth , in that it is actively influenced or encouraged by organizations ( e.g. ` seeding ' a message in a network , rewarding regular consumers to engage in WOM , employing WOM ` agents ' ) . While it is difficult to truly control WOM , research has shown that there are three generic avenues to ` manage ' WOM for the purpose of WOMM : 1 . ) Build a strong WOM foundation ( e.g. sufficient levels of satisfaction , trust and commitment ) , 2 . ) Indirect WOMM management which implies that managers only have a moderate amount of control ( e.g. controversial advertising , teaser campaigns , customer membership clubs ) , 3 . ) Direct WOMM management , which has higher levels of control ( e.g. paid WOM ` agents ' , `` friend get friend '' schemes ) . Proconsumer WOM has been suggested as a counterweight to commercially motivated word of mouth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c35861afbe2e09ffb82b8551f8813c", "text": "Manish Malhotra Manish Malhotra is an Indian fashion designer . Manish Malhotra 's prolific career spanning 27 years has seen him redefine fashion for an entire generation of Indians . From his work with Hindi cinema 's influential leading-ladies to launching his eponymous label in 2005 , Manish Malhotra tells design stories in a language profuse with elegance , ultra-femininity and unapologetic glamour . 2016 was a milestone year for Manish Malhotra as it marked 26 years of his association with Hindi cinema as a designer and stylist and 11 years since the creation of the eponymous label . In 2013 , Manish Malhotra was the first designer to have opened the largest , Indian single-brand couture store sprawled over 9,000 sq.ft in Delhi . The following year , the label marked a turnover of over INR 1 Billion making it one of the first Indian luxury fashion houses to achieve this milestone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d8764fcf75ad1ff7f5ecc50027f6d33", "text": "Miss India Australia Miss India Australia , founded in 2001 by photographer/media/film producer Raj Suri , is the first ever-national talent search in Australia for women of Indian origin , affiliated to the Miss India Worldwide organisation in New York , USA and associated with Miss India Magazine .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1239cc32183df757aa654dd098768827", "text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman Philip Seymour Hoffman ( July 23 , 1967 -- February 2 , 2014 ) was an American actor , director , and producer of film and theater . Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes , bullies , and misfits -- Hoffman made many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46 . Drawn to theater as a teenager , Hoffman studied acting at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts . He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992 . He gained recognition for his supporting work , notably in Boogie Nights ( 1997 ) , Happiness ( 1998 ) , Patch Adams ( 1998 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , Magnolia ( 1999 ) , The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , Almost Famous ( 2000 ) , Punch-Drunk Love ( 2002 ) , and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . He began to occasionally play leading roles , and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote ( 2005 ) , won multiple accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actor . Hoffman 's profile continued to grow , and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2007 ) , a priest accused of pedophilia in Doubt ( 2008 ) , and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master ( 2012 ) . While he mainly worked in independent films , including The Savages ( 2007 ) and Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) , Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters , such as Twister ( 1996 ) and Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) , and in one of his final roles , as Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series ( 2013 -- 15 ) . The feature Jack Goes Boating ( 2010 ) marked his debut as a filmmaker . Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director . He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995 , where he directed , produced , and appeared in numerous stage productions . His performances in three Broadway plays -- True West ( 2000 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 2003 ) , and Death of a Salesman ( 2012 ) -- all led to Tony Award nominations . Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult , and relapsed in 2013 after many years of sobriety . In February 2014 , he was found dead with a syringe of heroin still in his arm , but the official cause of death was combined drug intoxication -- an unexpected event that was widely lamented in the film and theater industries . Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters , and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles , Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as `` perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1faa1d2a9a678e08f753148d28b34097", "text": "Robert Stanton (actor) Robert Lloyd Stanton ( born March 8 , 1963 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , director and playwright . He may be best known for his role in the 1993 film Dennis the Menace as Henry Mitchell , the title character 's father .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e021f2ee4c70b36c5b56abf8e62374c", "text": "Peter Coyote Peter Coyote ( born Robert Peter Cohon ; October 10 , 1941 ) is an American actor , author , director , screenwriter and narrator of films , theatre , television and audiobooks . His voice work includes narrating the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and Apple 's iPad Retina Display campaign . He has also served as on-camera co-host of the 2000 Oscar telecasts . His distinctive voice helped him win a News & Documentary Emmy Award in 1992 for narration of `` The Meiji Revolution '' episode of the PBS series The Pacific Century , as well as a Primetime Emmy Award in 2015 for Ken Burns ' documentary special The Roosevelts . He has often been compared with actor Henry Fonda . Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers , an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s . Coyote was also an actor , writer and director with the San Francisco Mime Troupe ; his prominence in the San Francisco counterculture scene led to his being interviewed for the book Voices from the Love Generation . He acted in and directed the first cross-country tour of The Minstrel Show , and his play Olive Pits , co-authored with Mime Troupe member Peter Berg , won the troupe an Obie Award from the Village Voice . Coyote became a member , and later chairman , of the California Arts Council from 1975 to 1983 . In the late 1970s , he shifted from acting on stage to acting in films . In the 1990s and 2000s ( decade ) , he acted in several television shows . He speaks fluent Spanish and French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dda2468ccc6f0cc9608b2bd9f61a2a2", "text": "Philip Anthony-Rodriguez Philip Anthony-Rodriguez ( born March 10 , 1968 ) is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles on Jake 2.0 as Kyle Duarte and the voice of disc jockey Maurice Chavez in the 2002 video game Grand Theft Auto : Vice City . In November 1990 , Philip originated the role of Ritchie Valens in the musical Buddy : The Buddy Holly Story . He provided the voice of the male version of protagonist SPARTAN-B312 in the 2010 video game Halo : Reach . He is the voice of Jetstream Sam in Metal Gear Rising : Revengeance . He also played Dr. Evans in Madea 's Big Happy Family . He recurred for six seasons as Ruben Enriquez in the ABC Family television series The Secret Life of the American Teenager . He played Nelson in film The Ode and had a guest role on the Disney Channel show Hannah Montana in 2009 and played Michael Grant in Castle in 2010 . In 2011 , he guest-starred on the Disney Channel show Shake It Up ( season 1 , episode 18 : `` Model It Up '' ) as designer Napoleon Fontaine and in 2013 on Modern Family in the episode `` The Big Game '' , and in 2014 as Mr. Eloquence on Real Husbands of Hollywood . Anthony-Rodriguez voices the role of Nick Mendoza in the video game Battlefield Hardline . In 2015 , he was announced as the voice of the Imperial Inquisitor , the Fifth Brother on the Disney XD animated series Star Wars Rebels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a0d884640b611e0a62c4efd88fdfec5", "text": "The Boat That Rocked The Boat That Rocked ( retitled Pirate Radio in North America , Good Morning England in France , Radio Rock Revolution in Germany , Рок-волна ( The Rock Wave ) in Russia , and I Love Radio Rock in Italy ) is a 2009 British comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis , with pirate radio in the United Kingdom during the 1960s as its setting . The film has an ensemble cast featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Bill Nighy , Rhys Ifans , Nick Frost , and Kenneth Branagh . Set in 1966 , it tells the story of the fictitious pirate radio station `` Radio Rock '' and its crew of eclectic disc jockeys , who broadcast rock and pop music to the United Kingdom from a ship anchored in the North Sea while the British government endeavours to shut them down . It was produced by Working Title Films for Universal Pictures , and was filmed on the Isle of Portland and at Shepperton Studios . After the world premiere in London 's Leicester Square on 29 March 2009 , the film was released in United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 April 2009 . It was a commercial failure at the British box office , making only US$ 10.1 million in its first three months , just a fifth of its US$ 50 million production cost . It received mixed reviews , with most criticism directed at its muddled storyline and 2 1/4 - hour length . For its North American release the film had its running time cut by 20 minutes , and was retitled Pirate Radio . Opening 13 November 2009 , it was still commercially unsuccessful in the US , earning only US$ 8 million . When the worldwide theatrical run was finished in January 2010 , the film had grossed US$ 36.3 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd8a3dd71f3e3b3d216cce894e76f29", "text": "Nikos Psacharopoulos Nikos Psacharopoulos ( born Athens , January 18 , 1928 , died St. John , U.S. Virgin Islands , on January 12 , 1989 ) was an American theater producer , director , and educator . Born Nickolas Konstantin Athanasios Psacharopoulos VII , he claimed to have organized his first theatrical troupe at age 15 under the Nazi occupation of his homeland . He moved to the United States in 1947 and attended Oberlin College where he directed productions for the Oberlin Mummers . He graduated in 1951 with a degree in art history . Three years later he received a Master of Fine Arts Degree in theater direction from the Yale Drama School . In 1955 , he joined the faculty of Yale 's undergraduate theater studies department and also taught in the graduate Drama School , where he remained until his death of colon cancer at age 60 . Psacharopoulos was a co-founder of the Williamstown Theater Festival ( WTF ) in 1955 , based in the Adams Memorial Theater on the campus of Williams College . Psacharopoulos went on to serve as WTF 's sole artistic executive director for 33 years , creating a professional summer theater that was more than a typical summer stock escapist operation . He was aided for many years by Tom Brennan , who served as the WTF associate director . Under Psacharopoulos ' leadership , WTF specialized in the plays of Anton Chekhov and Bertolt Brecht , as well as the work of many classic American playwrights such as Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , Arthur Miller , and Archibald MacLeish . Psacharopoulos traveled often between his Greek homeland and New York City , his main residence , where he staged theater productions with the Circle-in-the-Square , the New York Pro Musica , and City Opera . Psacharopoulos ' international reputation and demanding artistry drew many famous actors to perform with the WTF , names such as Frank Langella , Kate Burton , Rosemary Harris , Blythe Danner , and Colleen Dewhurst . To all -- his `` stars '' and apprentices -- he was a man of great style , a gourmet who would excuse himself from a table of friends to confer with a restaurant 's chef ; he was something of a dandy who , nevertheless , was always addressed simply as `` Nikos . '' Many directors and leaders of American theater were inspired by Nikos ' guidance . Each year he would choose an assistant from his students at Yale to accompany him to WTF to experience their first seasons as professional directors . Peter H. Hunt , Austin Pendleton , Keith Fowler , and Arvin Brown are among those who first served with Nikos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f898b20442bf87a815ad9386312d10e2", "text": "Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Hoffman ( -LSB- ˈjɛʐɨ ˈxɔfman -RSB- ; born March 15 , 1932 ) is a Polish film director and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b04d88d5e768abc9cd6f38f73aeff886", "text": "Philip Latham Charles Philip Latham ( born 17 January 1929 in Essex ) is a British actor . He was educated at Felsted School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art , from which he graduated in 1951 . In the late 1960s/early 1970s he was well known to British TV viewers for his portrayal of chief accountant Willy Izard , the `` conscience '' to hard-nosed oil company industrialist Brian Stead ( played by Geoffrey Keen ) in the BBC series The Troubleshooters ( 1965 -- 72 ) . Other credits Danger Man ( 1960-1962 ) , Jesus of Nazareth , Paul of Tarsus , The Treasure Seekers , The Cedar Tree , The Saint , Maigret , Sergeant Cork , Justice , Love Story , Killers , Hammer House of Horror , No. 10 , Nanny and The Professionals . One of his most famous film roles was as Dracula 's sinister servant Klove in Hammer 's 1966 film Dracula , Prince of Darkness , and he had previously worked for Hammer in The Devil-Ship Pirates and The Secret of Blood Island ( both 1964 ) . His other film roles included appearances in Ring of Spies ( 1964 ) , Spy Story ( 1976 ) and Force 10 from Navarone ( 1978 ) . On television he played the joint-lead role of Plantagenet Palliser ( opposite Susan Hampshire ) in the 26-part BBC series The Pallisers . He also played Lord President Borusa in the 1983 20th anniversary episode of Doctor Who , The Five Doctors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ee54f0fb35902b1ad52ee3b0da6ad8", "text": "The Early Four Track Recordings The Early Four Track Recordings '' is a compilation album by indie rock band Of Montreal . It contains early recordings from the band , with the song titles telling a fictional story about actor Dustin Hoffman . Though the titles feature Dustin Hoffman , the album name and content have nothing to do with him , and the titles were chosen only for humor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170b8fd2339f0d6193a94de616687b48", "text": "Flawless Flawless may refer to : Flawless ( 1999 film ) , a film starring Robert De Niro and Philip Seymour Hoffman Flawless ( 2007 film ) , a film starring Michael Caine and Demi Moore Flawless ( novel ) , a Pretty Little Liars novel by Sara Shepard Flawless ( dance troupe ) , a UK street-dance group", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cb7447a34dea924ba7259be5719c98a", "text": "John Hoffman John Hoffman can refer to : John Hoffman ( filmmaker ) ( 1904 -- 1980 ) , American montage editor and filmmaker John Hoffman ( defensive end ) ( born 1943 ) , American football defensive end John Hoffman ( running back ) ( born 1925 ) , American football running back John Hoffman ( baseball ) , Major League Baseball catcher John Jay Hoffman , acting Attorney General of New Jersey John Robert Hoffman , American actor/screenwriter John Thompson Hoffman ( 1828 -- 1888 ) , Governor of New York , 1869 -- 1872 John Hoffman ( politician ) , a Minnesota State Senator", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22d4d6edc573b36e2318b4945990d648", "text": "Harvey Friedman (actor) Harvey Friedman ( born 1959 ) , sometimes credited as Harvey Friedmann , is an American film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d05ea89798e73050b7435ce8e4d4e94", "text": "John Jay Hoffman John Hoffman was an Acting Attorney General of the State of New Jersey . He served from 2013 to 2016 , longer than any other Acting Attorney General in the State 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9713caaa9368da3ecf14d3474681057", "text": "Boychoir (film) Boychoir is a 2014 American drama film directed by François Girard and written by Ben Ripley . The film stars Dustin Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Debra Winger , Josh Lucas and the American Boychoir School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be573e2e75b8c01565513d510a09ef68", "text": "Judgment at Nuremberg Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer , written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy , Burt Lancaster , Richard Widmark , Maximilian Schell , Werner Klemperer , Marlene Dietrich , Judy Garland , William Shatner , and Montgomery Clift . Set in Nuremberg in 1948 , the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges ' Trial of 1947 , one of the twelve U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials . The film centers on a military tribunal led by Chief Trial Judge Dan Haywood ( Tracy ) , before which four German judges and prosecutors ( as compared to 16 defendants in the actual Judges ' Trial ) stand accused of crimes against humanity for their involvement in atrocities committed under the Nazi regime . The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population , the Holocaust , and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials . An earlier version of the story was broadcast as a television episode of Playhouse 90 . Schell and Klemperer played the same roles in both productions . In 2013 , Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d972084f9dbc685a83b2c048b995574b", "text": "Venice Venice ( -LSB- langˈvɛnɪs -RSB- ; Venezia -LSB- veˈnɛtsja -RSB- ; Venesia -LSB- - vecveˈnɛsja -RSB- ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region . It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by bridges . These are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon , an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers . Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings , their architecture , and artwork . The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a World Heritage Site . In 2014 , 264,579 people resided in Comune di Venezia , of whom around 55,000 live in the historic city of Venice ( Centro storico ) . Together with Padua and Treviso , the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area ( PATREVE ) , with a total population of 2.6 million . PATREVE is a statistical metropolitan area without any degree of autonomy . The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC . The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice . Venice has been known as the `` La Dominante , '' `` Serenissima , '' `` Queen of the Adriatic , '' `` City of Water , '' `` City of Masks , '' `` City of Bridges , '' `` The Floating City , '' and `` City of Canals . '' The Republic of Venice was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance , and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto , as well as a very important center of commerce ( especially silk , grain , and spice ) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century . The City State of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center which gradually emerged from the 9th century to its peak in the 14th century . This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history . It is also known for its several important artistic movements , especially the Renaissance period . After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna , the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire , until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866 , following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence . Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music , and it is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi . Venice has been ranked the most beautiful city in the world as of 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49f38657d3e24a489ab6793f473842f4", "text": "Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi ( -LSB- anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi -RSB- ; 4 March 1678 -- 28 July 1741 ) was an Italian Baroque composer , virtuoso violinist , teacher and cleric . Born in Venice , he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers , and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe . He composed many instrumental concertos , for the violin and a variety of other instruments , as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas . His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons . Many of his compositions were written for the female music ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà , a home for abandoned children where Vivaldi ( who had been ordained as a Catholic priest ) was employed from 1703 to 1715 and from 1723 to 1740 . Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in Venice , Mantua and Vienna . After meeting the Emperor Charles VI , Vivaldi moved to Vienna , hoping for preferment . However , the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi 's arrival , and Vivaldi himself died less than a year later in poverty .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "162e054cc86e6e51799a1d2749a3698d", "text": "Jacqueline Nesti Joseph Jacqueline Nesti Joseph , a Haitian painter , was born in Port-au-Prince in 1932 . During a career of over 50 years , Jacqueline has had exhibitions all over the world including the Guggenheim in New York . At a very young age Jacqueline moved to Paris to finish her studies . Thanks to the teachings of Claude Perset and a pupil of Georges Braque she settled in France and at the home of the artist Manfredo Borsi meeting André Verdet and the poet Jacques Prévert and artists such as Picasso , Chagall , and Magnelli . 1955 , saw a turning point for Jacqueline when she travelled to Mexico and was introduced to Diego Rivera -- who became her mentor and friend . Her return to Haiti inspired her intense work of painting where her homeland and surrounding landscapes are depicted in her work . Returning to Europe she met and married her husband Victor Nesti both inseparable until his death ( R.I.P. 03/08/2008 ) , Victor Nesti , born in Soho , London was an astounding artist in his own right and after working as a chef at the Hotel Carlton , he studied at the academy of Belle Arti studying with the master Ottone Rosai . With a number of personal exhibitions and listed viewings in the most accomplished galleries and museums worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ac0f18690f8f83c463d68b850a36e9", "text": "Auvergne Auvergne ( -LSB- ovɛʁɲ -RSB- ; Auvergnat : Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha ) is a former administrative region of France . Since 1 January 2016 , it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . It comprises four departments : Allier , Puy-de-Dôme , Cantal and Haute-Loire . The administrative region of Auvergne is larger than the historical province of Auvergne , and includes provinces and areas that historically were not part of Auvergne . The Auvergne region is composed of the following old provinces : Auvergne : departments of Puy-de-Dôme , Cantal , northwest of Haute-Loire , and extreme south of Allier . The province of Auvergne is entirely contained inside the Auvergne region Bourbonnais : department of Allier . A small part of Bourbonnais is also contained inside the Centre-Val de Loire region ( south of the department of Cher ) . Velay : centre and southeast of department of Haute-Loire . Velay is entirely contained inside the Auvergne region . a small part of Gévaudan : extreme southwest of Haute-Loire . Gévaudan is essentially inside the Languedoc-Roussillon region . a small part of Vivarais : extreme southeast of Haute-Loire . Vivarais is essentially inside the Rhône-Alpes region . a small part of Forez : extreme northeast of Haute-Loire . Forez is essentially inside the Rhône-Alpes region . Velay , Gévaudan , and Vivarais are often considered to be sub-provinces of the old province of Languedoc . Forez is also often considered to be a sub-province of Lyonnais . Therefore , the modern region of Auvergne is composed of the provinces of Auvergne , major part of Bourbonnais , and parts of Languedoc and Lyonnais . The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the `` chaîne des Puys '' . The last confirmed eruption was around 4040 BCE . The volcanoes began forming some 70,000 years ago , and most have eroded , leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e20074672e4195347856706d3c18c69b", "text": "Vidor Vidor is a town and comune in the province of Treviso , Veneto , north-eastern Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f43f5cff74f5b8bd25bd4ed464936b2a", "text": "Brunoy Brunoy is a commune in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 20.6 km from the center of Paris . The tenor Louis Nourrit ( 1780 -- 1831 ) died in Brunoy . Inhabitants of Brunoy are known as Brunoyens . The city has a church Saint-Medard , richly decorated in the Louis XVI style . Organ Festival takes place each year in November . Brunoy is home to a branch of Yeshivas Tomchei Tmimim Lubavitch , which attracts hundreds of students from around the world , most notably from the United States of America and Israel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288a80e68579ccf19e634ec7eab975aa", "text": "Il teatro alla moda Il teatro alla moda ( The Fashionable Theater ) is a satirical pamphlet in which its author , the Venetian composer Benedetto Marcello ( 1686 -- 1739 ) , vents his critical opinions on the milieu of the Italian opera seria in the first decades of the eighteenth century . It was first published anonymously in Venice , by the end of 1720 . Virtually every aspect of opera seria and its social environment is mercilessly criticized by Marcello : the artificiality of plots , the stereotyped format of music , the extravagant scenography and machinery , the inability and venality of composers and poets , the vanity and vulgarity of singers , the avidity of impresarios , the ineptitude of musicians . The full title reads `` THE FASHIONABLE THEATER -- OR -- safe and easy METHOD for correctly composing and performing Italian OPERAS in the modern style , -- In which -- useful and necessary Advice is given to Librettists , Composers , Musicians of both sexes , Impresarios , Performers , Engineers , and Scene Painters , comic Characters , Tailors , Pages , Dancers , Prompters , Copyists , Protectors , and MOTHERS of female Virtuoso singers , & other People belonging to Theater . '' In fact , Il teatro alla moda is written as a series of chapters where advice is ironically given to the various people involved in operatic productions , in order to meet `` the modern customs '' and bizarre requirements of such theatrical events . Besides the title , the frontispiece contains several allusions to well-known protagonists of the Venetian theater of the time . For instance , the publisher 's name `` Aldiviva Licante '' refers , by means of anagrams , both to Antonio Vivaldi , then very famous as an opera composer , and to the singer Caterina Canteli . The text of Il teatro alla moda displays several striking features . To begin with , it shows a degree of vacillation in attitude toward its subject -- perhaps resulting from Marcello 's personal ambivalence regarding operatic music , as both a critic and a composer . For example , the dedicatory is by `` the author of the book to its composer . '' In addition , it exhibits a number of surrealistic elements , which reach a climax in the last chapter , `` The Raffle '' ( presumably organized by the mother of a young female singer ) , where the prizes include `` a full dress of modern poet in fever-colored tree bark , wrapped with metaphors , translations , hyperboles '' as well as `` the pen that wrote Il teatro alla moda . '' The printing accompanies these peculiarities with a chaotic use of italic and normal typography and of capital fonts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25e43d9cad776448f730882889e34bf9", "text": "Quartier Pigalle Pigalle ( -LSB- pi.ɡal -RSB- ) is an area in Paris around the Place Pigalle , on the border between the 9th and the 18th arrondissements . It is named after the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Pigalle ( 1714 -- 1785 ) . Pigalle is famous for being a tourist district , with many sex shops , theatres and adult shows on Place Pigalle and the main boulevards . The neighbourhood 's raunchy reputation led to its Second World War nickname of `` Pig Alley '' by Allied soldiers . The Divan du Monde and the Moulin Rouge , a world-famous cabaret , are both located in Pigalle . The area to the south of Place Pigalle is devoted to the retail of musical instruments and equipment , especially for popular music . A section of the rue de Douai consists solely of stores selling guitars , drums and musical accessories . Henri Toulouse-Lautrec 's studio was here . Artists such as Pablo Picasso , Vincent van Gogh and Maurice Neumont also once lived here as did Andre Breton , and in 1928 Josephine Baker opened her first night club next door to Breton 's apartment . The works of artist Salvador Dalí can be seen at the nearby Espace Dalí . It was also the home of the Grand Guignol theatre , which closed in 1962 . However , the theatre itself still stands . The Musée de l'érotisme ( Museum of Eroticism ) can also be found here . Pigalle is well known to tourists who want to experience `` Paris by night '' . It is home to some of Paris ' most famous cabarets ( the Moulin Rouge , for instance , was immortalised by artist Toulouse-Lautrec as well as Hollywood ) , as well as topless and nude shows . Pigalle is one end-point of the Montmartrobus ( a public bus serving the area ) , or you can get to the Place Pigalle by taking the Métro to the Pigalle stop . American-born jazz singer Adelaide Hall lived in Pigalle in 1937 -- 1938 and opened her nightclub La Grosse Pomme ( `` the Big Apple '' ) at 73 Rue Pigalle . Other nightclubs in Rue Pigalle during the late 1930s included the Moon Rousse and Caravan where Django Reinhardt played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4231ec6994480c1ca1ddab0c8da8203b", "text": "The Four Seasons (Vivaldi) The Four Seasons ( Le quattro stagioni ) is a group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi , each of which gives a musical expression to a season of the year . They were written around 1721 and were published in 1725 in Amsterdam , together with eight additional violin concerti , as Il cimento dell ` armonia e dell ` inventione ( `` The Contest Between Harmony and Invention '' ) . The Four Seasons is the best known of Vivaldi 's works . Unusually for the time , Vivaldi published the concerti with accompanying poems ( possibly written by Vivaldi himself ) that elucidated what it was about those seasons that his music was intended to evoke . It provides one of the earliest and most-detailed examples of what was later called program music -- music with a narrative element . Vivaldi took great pains to relate his music to the texts of the poems , translating the poetic lines themselves directly into the music on the page . In the middle section of the Spring concerto , where the goatherd sleeps , his barking dog can be marked in the viola section . Other natural occurrences are similarly evoked . Vivaldi separated each concerto into three movements , fast-slow-fast , and likewise each linked sonnet into three sections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd04aee4fd175bad40179475fc24f50d", "text": "Lille Lille ( -LSB- lil -RSB- ; Rijsel -LSB- ˈrɛi̯səl -RSB- ; Rysel ) is a city in northern France , in French Flanders . On the Deûle River , near France 's border with Belgium , it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region and the prefecture of the Nord department . As of 2009 , Lille had a population of 226,827 within its administrative limits , and an urban population of 1,015,744 , making it the fourth largest urban area in France after Paris , Lyon and Marseille .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22522f5d3849b3a7f95445f64b2b9578", "text": "Art Nouveau furniture Furniture created in the Art Nouveau style was prominent from the late 19th century to the advent of the First World War . Unlike furniture made by the British Arts and Crafts movement , from which it emerged in stylistic respects , most Art Nouveau furniture was produced in factories by normal manufacturing techniques , which led to tensions with Arts and Crafts figures in England , who criticised continental Art Nouveau furniture for not being '' ` honestly ' constructed . It also tended to be expensive , as a fine finish , usually polished or varnished , was regarded as essential , and continental designs were usually very complex , with curving shapes that were expensive to make . It by no means entirely replaced other styles of furniture , which continued to be popular , with Art Nouveau styles largely restricted to an expensive `` art furniture '' category . The style was named for Siegfried Bing 's Maison de l'Art Nouveau gallery and shop in Paris , which opened in 1895 , and in France and Belgium furniture designers took up the style with more enthusiasm than those of most countries . Several notable designers were architects who designed furniture for specific buildings they had also designed , a way of working inherited from the Arts and Crafts movement ; these include Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Antoni Gaudí , Hector Guimard and Victor Horta . Mackintosh 's furniture was relatively austere and geometrical , marked by elongated dimensions and right-angles . Continental designs were much more elaborate , often using curved shapes both in the basic shapes of the piece , and in applied decorative motifs . In many ways the old vocabulary and techniques of classic French 18th-century Rococo furniture were re-interpreted in a new style . Luxury veneers were used in the furniture of leading cabinetmakers Georges de Feure and others . Alphonse Mucha produced a few designs , but was little involved with production . The École de Nancy ( School of Nancy in France ) , the Wiener Werkstätte in Vienna and the Deutscher Werkbund were groupings including many designers of Art Nouveau furniture . The Exposition Universelle de Paris in 1900 was an important showcase for designers , and the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna at Turin in 1902 heavily featured the work of furniture designer Carlo Bugatti of Milan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38fef0cd1a1caad6d4fd76f6ff4be9c", "text": "Lyon Lyon ( -LSB- liːˈɒn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈliːɒn -RSB- -LSB- ljɔ̃ -RSB- , locally : -LSB- lijɔ̃ -RSB- Liyon -LSB- - frpʎjɔ̃ -RSB- ) is a city in east-central France , in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region , about 470 km from Paris , 320 km from Marseille and 55 km from Saint-Etienne . Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais . Lyon had a population of 506,615 in 2014 and is France 's third-largest city after Paris and Marseille . Lyon is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . The metropolitan area of Lyon had a population of 2,237,676 in 2013 , the second-largest in France after Paris . The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy and historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk . It played a significant role in the history of cinema : Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematographe in Lyon . The city is also known for its famous light festival , Fête des Lumières , which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days , earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights . Economically , Lyon is a major centre for banking , as well as for the chemical , pharmaceutical , and biotech industries . The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games , and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector . Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol , Euronews , and International Agency for Research on Cancer . Lyon was ranked 19th globally and second in France for innovation in 2014 . It ranked second in France and 39th globally in Mercer 's 2015 liveability rankings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b3ee91d3dbaeb0d3b26e3a2521d6cee", "text": "François-Xavier Poizat Born on 18 August 1989 in Grenoble with Swiss , French and Chinese origins , pianist François-Xavier Poizat grew up with the learning from the Russian masters Alexeï Golovine and Evgeni Koroliov , as well as the Argentinian Nelson Goerner and Martha Argerich . It is Martha Argerich who propelled him on the international stage by inviting him when he was 12 years old to the Pacific Music Festival in Japan , recognizing his `' deep lyricism and remarkable virtuosity '' . This marked the beginning of a career that has brought him to perform in already 22 countries in Europe and Asia . He currently lives in New York City and studies at The Juilliard School with Matti Raekallio . His journey is sprinkled with collaborations with big orchestras such as the Suisse Romande and Svizzera Italiana Orchestra , the National du Capitole de Toulouse , the Lithuanian and Armenian National Chamber Orchestras , the Zürich Chamber Orchestra and the Poznan Philharmonic , among others . He has performed under the baton of Philippe Béran , Thierry Fischer , Neeme Järvi , Lukasc Borowicz , Bernard Labadie or Frédéric Chaslin , in prestigious festivals ( the Roque d'Anthéron in France , the Progetto Martha Argerich in Lugano , the Schubertiade in Porrentruy or the Septembre Musical in Montreux in Switzerland ) . He has won prizes in significant competitions : Grand Prix at the 2004 International Competition for the Youth in Kassel , Germany , the 2007 Young Soloist Prize of the Radios Francophones Publiques , 1st Prize at the 2009 International Competition for the Youth of Oldenburg and at the 2009 Elise Meyer Competition in Hamburg in Germany , the Jury Special Prize at the 2011 Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow and the 2012 Soloist Prize of the Migros Cultural Percentage in Zürich , before being a finalist at the 2013 Clara Haskil Competition in Vevey , Switzerland . Beside his principal activity as a performer , he is currently the director of the International Puplinge Classique Festival in Geneva , a position he has held for the past 7 years , and has recorded 3 CDs with the Naxos , Ars Produktion and Piano Classics labels . Laureate of the Leenaards and Migros scholarships , and regularly recharges himself by playing jazz and studying martial arts , which he has done for 15 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "077ceb04a55d6dea180ec31dda2d1e87", "text": "Battle of Castelfidardo The Battle of Castelfidardo was a battle of the Expedition of the Thousand that took place on 18 September 1860 , at Castelfidardo , a small town in the Marche region of Italy . It was fought between the Sardinian army - acting as the driving force in the war for Italian unification , against the Papal States . On 7 September , Cavour , Prime Minister of Piedmont , sent an ultimatum to the Pope demanding that he dismiss his foreign troops . When he failed to do this , 35,000 troops crossed the border on 11 September , with General Cialdini advancing along the Adriatic coast and General Della Rocca leading another troop across Umbria . The Papal troops were caught by surprise and thrown into confusion . Some of the Papal troops surrendered the same day and some retreated to Ancona which fell on 29 September 1860 after a short siege . As a result of this battle , the Marches and Umbria entered in the Kingdom of Italy and the extent of the Papal States was reduced to the area of what is today known as Lazio . The battle is remembered for being bloody , and for the highly disparate numbers of troops - less than 10,000 papal soldiers to 39,000 Sardinians . The papal army was composed of volunteers from many different European countries , amongst whom the French and Belgian nationals constituted a Franco-Belgian battalion . Among the French volunteers were a notable number of nobles from western France : after the battle , whilst consulting the list of dead and wounded members of the papal army , the Sardinian general Cialdini is reported to have said , in an example of rather black humor , `` you would think this was a list of invites for a ball given by Louis XIV ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e92beddc4a2128b590dddf03e7c13ebf", "text": "Arvigna Arvigna is a French commune in the Ariège department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France . The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arvignais or Arvignaises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a78308a9b5b8df4a6193d148fd39bde4", "text": "Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine Vitré is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France . Vitré , a sub-prefecture until 1926 , is the seat of a canton of around 16,834 inhabitants ( 2010 ) . It lies on the edge of Brittany , near Normandy , Maine , and Anjou . The town has been designated a ville d'art et d'histoire , a town of artistic and historic significance , by the Ministry of Culture in recognition of its rich cultural inheritance . Vitré is the 37th French city with the most historic buildings and has 14 % of the historical monuments of the department . `` If I was not King of France , I want to be bourgeois from Vitré ! '' Henry IV , King of France , surprised by the richness of the city in 1598 . `` The good fortune to see a Gothic city entire , complete , homogeneous , a few of which still remain , Nuremberg in Bavaria and Vittoria in Spain , can readily form an idea ; or even smaller specimens , provided that they are well preserved , Vitré in Brittany , Nordhausen in Prussia . '' Victor Hugo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Book third , Chapter 2 , A bird 's eye view of Paris , 1831", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d23c277d8244662909c451ac9d14fe68", "text": "Pays de la Loire Pays de la Loire ( -LSB- pe.i də la lwaʁ -RSB- ; Broioù al Liger ) is one of the 18 regions of France . It is one of the regions created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital , Nantes , one of a handful so-called `` balancing metropolises '' ( métropoles d'équilibre ) ¹ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a287af9d10a1ece684f5f300d2c0be4", "text": "Pontoise Pontoise ( -LSB- pɔ̃twɑz -RSB- ) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 28.4 km from the centre of Paris , in the `` new town '' of Cergy-Pontoise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628", "text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2aceec9f1cb26624bd6a17a20fa0b9e", "text": "Rimini Rimini ( -LSB- ˈriːmini -RSB- ; Romagnol dialect : Rémin ; Latin : Ariminum ) is a city of 146,606 inhabitants in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini . It is located on the Adriatic Sea , on the coast between the rivers Marecchia ( the ancient Ariminus ) and Ausa ( ancient Aprusa ) . It is one of the most famous seaside resorts in Europe , thanks to its 15 km sandy beach , over 1,000 hotels , and thousands of bars , restaurants and discos . The first bathing establishment opened in 1843 . An art city with ancient Roman and Renaissance monuments , Rimini is the hometown of the famous film director Federico Fellini as well . Founded by the Romans in 268 BC , throughout their period of rule Rimini was a key communications link between the north and south of the peninsula , and on its soil Roman emperors erected monuments like the Arch of Augustus and the Tiberius Bridge , while during the Renaissance , the city benefited from the court of the House of Malatesta , which hosted artists like Leonardo da Vinci and produced works such as the Tempio Malatestiano . In the 19th century , Rimini was one of the most active cities in the revolutionary front , hosting many of the movements aimed at Italian unification . In the course of World War II , the city was the scene of clashes and bombings , but also of a fierce partisan resistance that earned it the honor of a gold medal for civic valor . Finally , in recent years it has become one of the most important sites for trade fairs and conferences in Italy . The total approximate population of the Rimini urban area is 225,000 and the provincial population is 330,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bdc2422283dbee1efca9cd34c314fcb", "text": "São Luís, Maranhão São Luís ( -LSB- sɐ̃w luˈis -RSB- , Saint Louis ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Maranhão . The city is located on Ilha de São Luís ( Saint Louis ' Island ) in the Baía de São Marcos ( Saint Mark 's Bay ) , an extension of the Atlantic Ocean which forms the estuary of Pindaré , Mearim , Itapecuru and other rivers . Its coordinates are 2.53 ° south , 44.30 ° west . The city proper has a population of some 986,826 people ( 2008 IBGE estimate ) . The metropolitan area totals 1,227,659 , ranked as the 16th largest in Brazil . São Luís , created originally as Saint-Louis-de-Maragnan , is the only Brazilian state capital founded by France ( see France Équinoxiale ) and it is one of the three Brazilian state capitals located on islands ( the others are Vitória and Florianópolis ) . The city has two major sea ports : Madeira Port and Itaqui Port , through which a substantial part of Brazil 's iron ore , originating from the ( pre ) - Amazon region , is exported . The city 's main industries are metallurgical with Alumar , and VALE . São Luís is home of the Federal University of Maranhão . São Luís was the home town of famous Brazilian samba singer Alcione , Brazilian writers Aluísio Azevedo , Ferreira Gullar and Josué Montello , Belgian-naturalised soccer player Luís Oliveira , and the musician João do Vale and Zeca Baleiro , a Música popular brasileira ( MPB ) singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b225db526c30ff3c8a28654ede8781c6", "text": "Póvoa de Varzim Póvoa de Varzim ( -LSB- ˈpɔvwɐ ðɨ vɐɾˈzĩ -RSB- , locally -LSB- -LSB- ˈpɔβwə ðɨ βəɾˈzĩŋ -RSB- -RSB- ) , also spelled Povoa de Varzim , is a Portuguese city in Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto . It sits in a sandy coastal plain , a cuspate foreland , halfway between the Minho and Douro rivers . The population of the municipality was 63,408 at the time of the 2011 census . According to the 2001 census , there were 63,470 inhabitants , with 42,396 living in the city proper . The city expanded , southwards , to Vila do Conde , and there are about 100,000 inhabitants in the urban area alone . It is the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in Portugal and the third largest in Northern Portugal . Permanent settlement in Póvoa de Varzim dates back to around four to six thousand years ago ; around 900 BC , unrest in the region led to the establishment of Cividade de Terroso , a fortified city , which developed maritime trade routes with the civilizations of classical antiquity . Modern Póvoa de Varzim emerged after the conquest by the Roman Republic of the city by 138 BC , fishing and fish processing units soon developed , which turned out to be the foundations of the local economy . By the 11th century , the fish industry and fertile farmlands were the economic base of a feudal lordship and Varzim was fiercely disputed between the local overlords and the early Portuguese kings , which resulted in the establishment of the present day 's municipality in 1308 and being subdued to monastic power some years later . Póvoa de Varzim 's importance reemerged with the Age of Discovery due to its shipbuilders and merchants proficiency and wealth , who traded around the globe in complex trade routes . By the 17th century , the fish processing industry rebounded and , some time later , Póvoa became the dominant fishing port in northern Portugal . Póvoa de Varzim has been a well-known beach resort for over three centuries , the most popular in Northern Portugal , which unfolded an influential literary culture and historical artistic patronage in music and theater . Casino da Póvoa is one of the few and prominent gambling venues in Portugal . Leisure and health benefits provided in large sandy beaches attracts national and international visitors . Póvoa de Varzim holds other landmarks , especially the traditional Junqueira shopping street , Garrett Theatre , the Ethnography and History Museum , Cividade de Terroso , the Medieval Rates Monastery , Baroque Matriz Church , city Hall and Portuguese vernacular architecture in Praça do Almada , and numerous Portuguese cuisine restaurants that make Póvoa de Varzim popular in all Northern Portugal , which started to attract an international following . Farol da Lapa , Farol de Regufe , the main breakwater of the Port of Póvoa de Varzim , Carvalhido and São Félix Hill are preferred for sightseeing . The city has significant textile and food industries . The town has retained a distinct cultural identity and ancient customs such as the writing system of siglas poveiras , the masseira farming technique and festivals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "988ed9a3e36dc5887846177bfb3020c0", "text": "David Thewlis David Thewlis ( born David Wheeler ; born 20 March 1963 ) is an English actor , director , screenwriter , author . His most commercially successful role to date has been that of Remus Lupin in the Harry Potter film series . Other notable performances include the films Naked ( for which he won the Best Actor award at Cannes Film Festival ) , Dragonheart , Kingdom of Heaven , The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas , The Theory of Everything , Black Beauty , and Macbeth ( in which he played King Duncan ) . He will play Ares in Wonder Woman . He has also done voice work in the films James and the Giant Peach ( 1996 ) , The Miracle Maker ( 2000 ) , and Anomalisa ( 2015 ) , and is additionally known for the role of Cyrus Crabb in the TV mini series Dinotopia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5835296333b9a61516ef450d9aaa3c7f", "text": "David Walton (science fiction writer) David Walton ( born October 26 , 1975 ) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer living in Philadelphia . His novel Terminal Mind won the 2008 Philip K. Dick Award for the best paperback science fiction novel published in the United States , in a tie with Adam-Troy Castro 's novel Emissaries from the Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e787bcb9c635b97b06f471b9c178424", "text": "Laurence James Ludovici Laurence James Ludovici is an American non-fiction author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0d8a0730326379ee65ddbf0fe292eb", "text": "Murray Davies Murray Davies is a Welsh author and journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc6428d5f7d57207bc6e193e949cd4f", "text": "T. J. English T. J. English ( born 6 October 1957 ) is an Irish American author and journalist known primarily for his non-fiction books about organized crime , criminal justice and the American underworld .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60f8339dae10854fdc4351694de3794c", "text": "David Morse (writer) David Morse ( born 1938 ) is a British literary author and former lecturer in the School of English and American Studies at the University of Sussex . He was an early authority on Motown but is now best known for his work on Romanticism and the culture and times of the Victorian age . His seminal work , High Victorian Culture , was described by The Times Literary Supplement as ` an illuminating survey work by a robust and powerful intelligence with an impressive grasp of a great deal of material ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5de9fb24dbd1bbdbcfdca22dd2ead379", "text": "David Llewellyn-Smith David Llewellyn-Smith ( born 16 March 1967 ) is an Australian writer and independent publisher in the field of macroeconomics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39befc8f98e727bcfafa81fe2fc296eb", "text": "Paul Burston Paul Burston is a British journalist and author . Born in York and raised in South Wales , Burston attended Brynteg Comprehensive School and studied English , Drama and Film Studies at university . He worked for the London gay policing group GALOP and was an activist with ACT-UP before moving into journalism . He edited , for some years , the gay and lesbian section of Time Out magazine . His first novel Shameless , published in 2001 , was praised by the New York Times . He has since published three more novels and two short story collections . His new novel ` The Black Path ' will be published by Accent Press on September 2016 and is longlisted for the Guardian 's Not The Booker Prize . https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2016/aug/02/not-the-booker-prize-very-longlist-2016-votes-please He is the founder and host of award-winning LGBT literary salon Polari at the Southbank Centre , and founder of The Polari First Book Prize for new LGBT writing . http://www.polariliterarysalon.co.uk", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18972f869a4fca0a0d54c85dbe32d34d", "text": "Kit's Wilderness Kit 's Wilderness is a children 's novel by David Almond , published by Hodder Children 's Books in 1999 . It is set in a fictional English town in the northeast of the country and was based on the former coal-mining towns the author knew as a child growing up in Tyne and Wear . It was silver runner-up for the Smarties Prize in ages category 9 -- 11 years , highly commended for the Carnegie Medal , and shortlisted for the Guardian Prize . In the U.S. it was published by Delacorte Press in 2000 and won the Michael L. Printz Award from the American Library Association , recognising the year 's best book for young adults .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0162483172982ed387c902d96e1987b0", "text": "David Williamson David Keith Williamson , AO , born 24 February , 1942 is one of Australia 's best-known dramatists and playwrights . He has also written screenplays and teleplays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1c92b0c521eb5ac9fcf18b54e47a9e2", "text": "Livi Michael Livi Michael , also known as Olivia Michael ( 15 March 1960 , Manchester ) , is a British fiction writer who publishes children and adult novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e1ab5e614c52d63c413ed7b7df6e5a9", "text": "David Schütz David Schütz ( דוד שיץ , born August 5 , 1941 ) is an Israeli fiction writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "220d31a76d69d52c3681ac88edb52c0c", "text": "Dewisland thumb | 250px | right | The cantref of Pebidiog in ancient Dyfed The Hundred of Dewisland ( often written `` Dewsland '' ) was a hundred in the north west of Pembrokeshire , Wales . It was formed by the Act of Union of 1536 and was essentially identical to the pre-Norman cantref of Pebidiog : one of the seven cantrefs of Dyfed . Named after Dewi Sant , the Welsh name for Saint David , Dewisland is in north-western Pembrokeshire , including the city of St David 's and the peninsula on which it stands . Almost all of the hundred was within the Marcher Lordship of the Bishop of St David 's , and St David 's was its civil and ecclesiastical headquarters . It was said to be divided into two commotes : Mynyw ( Latin : Menevia ) and Pencaer . Dewisland boasts of being the only part of Wales never conquered by a foreign invader . The English before the Conquest did not get so far , and the Normans respected Dewisland as a possession of the Church , so that it was spared the fierce fighting which took place everywhere else when they conquered Wales . Nevertheless , it was occupied by the Normans in the 12th century , and made part of the March , but remained exclusively Welsh-speaking , except for small English plantations in the City of St David 's and at Abercastle and Letterston . These were extinct by the time of George Owen , who described the hundred as wholly Welsh-speaking . The Petty Sessions for the hundred were held at Solfach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9268bf7afdbe9467f1b79f92adff255", "text": "David Lindsay (novelist) David Lindsay ( 3 March 1876 -- 16 July 1945 ) was an English author now best remembered for the philosophical science fiction novel A Voyage to Arcturus ( 1920 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e396ed1c6634ab79e5699f7549de0029", "text": "Simon Beckett Simon Beckett ( born 20 April 1960 in Sheffield , England ) is a British journalist and author . His books , in particular the crime series around forensic anthropologist Dr David Hunter , have sold 21 million of copies worldwide , and enjoyed particular success in Germany and Scandinavia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c3b88355d2f5fd03fbbad59d60a2e36", "text": "David Yallop David Anthony Yallop ( born 27 January 1937 ) is a British author who writes chiefly about unsolved crimes . In the 1970s he contributed scripts for a number of BBC comedy shows . In the same decade he also wrote 10 episodes for the ITV court drama , Crown Court . In October 1992 he lost his job when , as a scriptwriter for EastEnders , he proposed killing some of the characters by means of an IRA bomb . Yallop successfully sued the BBC for breach of contract . He was also one of the co-authors of Graham Chapman 's autobiography , A Liar 's Autobiography ( Volume VI ) . Yallop lives in North London and describes himself as a `` Catholic agnostic '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7955d83c3b96f6e49858e4048b02c7a", "text": "Out of the Shelter Out of the Shelter ( 1970 ) is a novel by British author David Lodge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d1c7000ebc36d3356b91d0b62351319", "text": "The Late Hector Kipling The Late Hector Kipling is a novel written by English actor David Thewlis . The book was released in the UK in hardback on September 7 , 2007 and released on paperback July 4 , 2008 . In the US the book was released ( hardback version ) November 6 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "947edee68ad542be388cbe881713cd32", "text": "David L. Robbins (Oregon writer) David L. Robbins ( born July 4 , 1950 ) is an American author of English and Pennsylvania Dutch descent . He writes both fiction and non-fiction . He has written over three hundred books under his own name and many pen names , among them : David Thompson , Jake McMasters , Jon Sharpe , Don Pendleton , Franklin W. Dixon , Ralph Compton , Dean L. McElwain , J.D. Cameron and John Killdeer . He has written for the following series : The Trailsman , Mack Bolan , Endworld , Blade , Wilderness , White Apache , Davy Crockett , Omega Sub and The Hardy Boys Casefiles . Robbins is a member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America , the Horror Writers Association , and Western Writers of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66db049c05088370031e9e6d450604f", "text": "English writing style An English writing style is a way of using the English language . The style of a piece of writing is the way in which features of the language are used to convey meaning , typically but not always within the constraints of more widely accepted conventions of usage , grammar , and speling . An individual 's writing style may be a very personal thing . Organizations that employ writers or commission written work from individuals may require that writers conform to a standardized style defined by the organization . This allows a consistent readability of composite works produced by many authors , and promotes usability of , for example , references to other cited works . In many kinds of professional writing aiming for effective transfer of information , adherence to a standardised style of writing helps readers make sense of what the writer is presenting . Many standardised styles are documented in style guides . Some styles are more widely used , others restricted to a particular journal . Adherence to no particular style is also a style in its own right ; some may think it undesirable , others not .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66ed2682432ceacacb54cd87d24f9a2b", "text": "David Szalay David Szalay ( born 1974 in Montreal , Quebec ) is an English writer . His surname is pronounced SOL-loy . He was born in Canada , moved to the UK the following year and has lived there ever since . He studied at Oxford University and has written a number of radio dramas for the BBC . He won the Betty Trask Award for his first novel , London and the South-East , along with the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize . Since then he has written two other novels : Innocent ( 2009 ) and Spring ( 2011 ) . He has also recently been named one of The Telegraph 's Top 20 British Writers Under 40 and has also made it onto -LSB- -LSB- Granta | Granta magazine '' 's -RSB- -RSB- 2013 list of the Best of Young British Novelists . A linked collection of short stories , All That Man Is '' , was short listed for the Man Booker Prize in 2016 and won the 2016 Gordon Burn Prize . The Spectator said `` Nobody captures the super-sadness of modern Europe as well as Szalay . '' The Observer asked if it was really a novel : `` does it in any sense work , as Jonathan Cape wants us to believe , as a novel ? Yes , there 's a thematic consistency that makes this more than a collection , and Szalay even throws in the odd narrative link ( the 73-year-old , it transpires , is the 17-year-old 's granddad ) . But still , a novel ? I do n't think so . '' It was shortlisted for the Man Booker prize .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4c6629d6e2edeca956041d742288546c", "text": "Arrested Development (TV series) Arrested Development is an American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz , which originally aired on Fox for three seasons from November 2 , 2003 to February 10 , 2006 . A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26 , 2013 . The show follows the fictitious Bluth family , a formerly wealthy and habitually dysfunctional family . It is presented in a continuous format , incorporating handheld camera work and voice-over narration , as well as the use of occasional archival photos and historical footage . The show also utilizes several long-running `` Easter egg '' jokes throughout each season . Ron Howard serves as both an executive producer and the series ' uncredited narrator . Set in Newport Beach , California , Arrested Development was filmed primarily in Culver City and Marina del Rey . After its debut in 2003 , the series received widespread critical acclaim , six Primetime Emmy Awards , and one Golden Globe Award , and has attracted a cult following , including several fan-based websites . In 2007 , Time listed the show among its `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' ; in 2008 , it was ranked 16th on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , IGN named Arrested Development the `` funniest show of all time '' . Its humor has been cited as a key influence on later single-camera sitcoms such as 30 Rock and Community . Despite critical acclaim , Arrested Development received low ratings and viewership on Fox , which canceled the series in 2006 . Rumors of an additional season and a feature film persisted until 2011 , when Netflix agreed to license new episodes and distribute them exclusively on its video streaming service . These episodes were later released in 2013 . Netflix has also commissioned a fifth season of Arrested Development which will premiere in 2018 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "896a913110f936d69c375a6bc26f5c0d", "text": "West Hollywood (Hollywood, Florida) West Hollywood is a neighborhood in Broward County , Florida , United States . The ZIP code for the community is 33023 . The community is within the city limits of Hollywood . The latest population for the area recorded was 60,806 . West Hollywood reported as an `` unincorporated place '' by the U.S. Census Bureau in 1950 , when the population count totaled 1,196 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353022573d57761c15d9497277b6a436", "text": "Fireboats of Long Beach, California The Long Beach Fire Department of the city of Long Beach , California owns and operates Fireboats in Long Beach , providing fire protection and rescue services for the Port of Long Beach and the marina and beach areas of the city of Long Beach Although administered separately , the port facilities of Los Angeles and Long Beach are adjacent , and together , form one of the largest container ports in the world . The cities of Los Angeles and Long Beach have a mutual aid arrangement where one will loan fireboats to the other in case of need .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9f22394212e72880550e99cf10c279", "text": "Small Town Conspiracy Small Town Conspiracy or formally known as Florida City is an independent feature film shot in 2003 in Orlando , Florida . The movie is based on a true story that took place in 1941 in a small city outside of Miami . The film stars Zen Gesner as Chief of Police John Haleran who is conducting a murder investigation . The movie was shot in Center Hill , Florida and Winter Garden , Florida towns near Orlando , Florida and was directed by Ralph Clemente . Clemente was a very well known person in the filming industry as director/producer and also known for being the Program Director at the Valencia Community College Film Production Technology Program at Orlando , Florida , `` one of the best film schools in the country '' as stated by Steven Spielberg . The film features and interesting array of antique cars and planes as the 1939 Buick Special 8 that the main character of the film John Haleran ( Zen Gesner ) drives as his official police car . Car remained in the property of director Ralph Clemente untoched for many years until sold to Florida 's restorer and car collector Axel Caravias who has been performing a preservation/restoration job in order to maintain its value as being part of the rising filming industry on the east coast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ffcd27e4e7f5d5242affc6fd68df88", "text": "Marina High School (Marina, California) Marina High School is a public high school located in the outside of Marina , California which began operating in 2006 . Marina High School is within the Monterey Peninsula Unified District ( MPUSD ) . The campus size is smaller than the average high school and smaller than the other MPUSD high schools , Monterey and Seaside High School . The first graduating class was in 2009 . Average enrollment is 630 students . The school serves the cities of Marina , Seaside , Monterey , nearby CSUMB residential parks , Pacific Grove , and Salinas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae39c926f086b147efe25dc5157f4d91", "text": "Laguna Beach (season 3) The third season of Laguna Beach : The Real Orange County , an American reality television series , consists of 16 episodes and was broadcast on MTV . It aired from August 16 , 2006 , until November 15 , 2006 . The season was filmed primarily in Laguna Beach , California , with additional footage in Los Angeles . The executive producer was Tony DiSanto . Laguna Beach focuses on the lives of rich teenagers from Laguna Beach , California . During the season , Tessa Keller struggles to balance her school social life along with her best friend Raquel `` Rocky '' Donatelli . The pair attend Laguna Beach High School and Rocky tries to mend her friendship with fellow cast member Breanna Conrad which causes conflict between Tessa and Rocky . The girls often find themselves the target of the mean girls and popular clique leaders , Kyndra and Cami .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0763f997dff541e0208509baf69a7eab", "text": "Arrested Development (radio series) Arrested Development was a short-lived British radio programme that aired from May to June 2000 . There were four half-hour episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . It starred Letitia Dean and Susannah Doyle . The show was written by Simon Warne and produced by Tracey Neale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "001f045dddfbb6d4a1984a499fd550f2", "text": "Sunny Isles Beach, Florida Sunny Isles Beach ( SIB , officially City of Sunny Isles Beach ) is a city located on a barrier island in northeast Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States . The city is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the Intracoastal Waterway on the west . Sunny Isles Beach is an area of cultural diversity with stores lining Collins Avenue , the main thoroughfare through the city . It is a growing resort area and developers such as Michael Dezer have invested heavily in construction of high-rise hotels and condominiums while licensing the Donald Trump name for some of the buildings for promotional purposes . Sunny Isles Beach has a central location , minutes from Bal Harbour to the south , and Aventura to the north and west . Sunny Isles Beach was also the 2008 site of MTV 's annual `` Spring Break '' celebration , with headquarters at the local Newport Beachside Resort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdf1a6fb7fde541eed8e0c304110be35", "text": "Omni (Miami) The Omni , or sometimes labeled as the Media and Entertainment District , is a neighborhood of greater Downtown , Miami , Florida , United States , just south of Edgewater . It is bound roughly by North 24th Street to the north , Interstate 395 to the south , by the Florida East Coast Railway and North East 2nd Avenue to the west , and Biscayne Bay to the east . Omni is an urban , residential neighborhood with many high-rise residential towers , as well as some smaller scale historic buildings . Omni is home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts , the old Miami Herald headquarters ( now located in Doral , Florida ) , and the Omni International Mall . Until 2014 it was one of the neighborhoods that hosted the annual Miami International Boat Show at the Sea Isle Marina . The City of Miami Cemetery , one of Miami 's oldest cemeteries , is also located in Omni , as well as the historic Women 's Club , and some of Miami 's oldest churches and synagogues . Omni is served by the Omni Loop branch of the Metromover and by the Metrorail via Metromover at Government Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f65583acb7793bb2b7698293dc1d93bd", "text": "Theatre Jacksonville Theatre Jacksonville is a community theatre based in Jacksonville , Florida , United States . One of the oldest continually producing community theatres in the United States , its building , also known as the Little Theatre , was added to the National Register of Historical Places in 1991 . Theatre Jacksonville is based in the neighborhood of San Marco . It puts on numerous productions throughout the year and runs a children 's camp called Camp Theatre Jacksonville every summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e8fc181a8ab7a734d62a6554a92521e", "text": "Buena Park Downtown Buena Park Downtown , formerly Buena Park Mall , is an enclosed shopping mall located on La Palma Avenue in Buena Park , California , United States , near Knott 's Berry Farm . Currently owned by Coventry Real Estate Advisors , the mall is anchored by Bed Bath & Beyond , TJ Maxx , Ross Dress For Less , Sears and Wal-Mart . it is the 20th largest mall in Orange County , with around 1100000 sqft of retail space . It has languished in sales , however ; at $ 123 million , it brings in half of other malls its size , such as WP Glimcher 's Westminster Mall and Westfield MainPlace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "969b6625e6c56f12e4dc72420d4ce5e8", "text": "Canal Area, San Rafael, California The Canal Area comprises two neighborhoods of San Rafael , California , designated by the city as the `` Canal Waterfront '' and the `` Canal . '' The Canal Area is bounded on the east by San Francisco Bay , on the north by the San Rafael Canal and on the south and west by Highways 101 and I-580 and by San Quentin Ridge . Land use is split almost evenly between residential and non-residential ( commercial/industrial ) uses . The Canal Area provides a substantial portion of the low-income housing in Marin County , one of the most affluent counties in the United States . It is also the location of transportation and waste management facilities serving Marin County and the North Bay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57f27d996c40f7b73986158ec8f8b15a", "text": "Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south . Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc1b4db6518ad28cf4add3c803c363fa", "text": "Sawgrass Mills Sawgrass Mills is a shopping mall operated by the Simon Property Group , in Sunrise , Florida , a city in Broward County . With 2383906 sqft of retail selling space , it is the eleventh largest mall in the United States , the largest single story mall in the U.S. , and the second largest mall in Florida . The mall opened in 1990 as the third mall developed by the now-defunct Mills Corporation ( now part of Simon Property Group ) , and has been expanded four times since then , most recently in 2013 . There are over 300 retail outlets and name brand discounters , with anchors including Off 5th Saks Fifth Avenue , and Super Target . Because of its size , Sawgrass Mills is divided into three parts : the main mall with four main `` Avenue '' sections and a `` Fashion Avenue '' subsection ; `` The Oasis at Sawgrass Mills '' , an outdoor component opened in 1999 including GameWorks which is now GameRoom , Regal Cinemas , Ron Jon Surf Shop , Nordstrom Rack and `` The Colonnade Outlets at Sawgrass Mills '' was opened in 2006 as an upscale lifestyle area with shops and restaurants , anchored by Last Call By Neiman Marcus . Additionally , there are numerous `` outparcel '' stores and plazas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0914ce64cb470c5139db153c901a7d1a", "text": "Miramar Beach, Florida Miramar Beach is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Walton County , Florida , United States . The population was 6,146 at the 2010 census . Although many other localities in Florida have appended `` Beach '' to their names to distinguish themselves from an adjacent inland or cross-bay municipality -- such as Miami Beach , St. Pete Beach , Pensacola Beach , Melbourne Beach , Cocoa Beach , and Jacksonville Beach -- the city of Miramar , Florida is actually over 600 mi away in South Florida . There are other Miramar Beaches in Goa , India and in Santa Barbara , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33c5d093af45d760d58a2c943d1801ce", "text": "Rays Ballpark Rays Ballpark was the name used in project documents for a ballpark in the current location of Al Lang Stadium on the Tampa Bay waterfront in downtown St. Petersburg , Florida , proposed by the Tampa Bay Rays as a replacement for Tropicana Field . The Rays had hoped to complete the park in time for the 2012 season , but the proposal did not garner enough public support , and the project was abandoned . A task force was subsequently created to look for alternative sites in and around St. Petersburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7dba0067925995b48c4e6a91c9642c9", "text": "Clearwater Beach Clearwater Beach includes a resort area and a residential area on the Gulf of Mexico in Pinellas County on the west central coast of Florida . Located just west over the Intracoastal Waterway by way of the Clearwater Memorial Causeway from the city of Clearwater , Florida , of which it is part , Clearwater Beach is at a geographic latitude of 27.57 N and longitude 82.48 W. Clearwater Beach is characterized by white sand beaches stretching for 2.5 mi along the Gulf and sits on a barrier island . It has a full marina on the Intracoastal Waterway side and is linked on the south by a short bridge to another barrier island called Sand Key , where Sand Key Park is located . The area offers shopping , restaurants , and activities such as parasailing , jet ski rentals , boat tours ( with a common sighting of dolphins in the Gulf waters ) , miniature golf , fishing charters , and `` pirate ship '' cruises . Clearwater has frequently been ranked one of the best beaches in the United States . Its Sandpearl resort was named one of the best beach resorts in the U.S. . In 2009 an episode of Brooke Knows Best was shot on the beach . In January 2013 , Clearwater Beach was awarded the designation of Florida 's Best Beach Town by a USA Today reader poll ranking 10 Florida beach destinations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80589aae33817af760747f409e7f5880", "text": "Abraham M. Lurie Abraham M. Lurie ( 1923 - June 29 , 2010 ) was an American real estate developer who was behind the development of Marina del Rey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "602c9cf7800c03aa10b8884250562f97", "text": "Santa Monica Mirror The Santa Monica Mirror is a weekly community newspaper which covers Santa Monica , Brentwood , Pacific Palisades , Venice , and Marina del Rey in the U.S. state of California . It circulates around 22,000 subscriptions weekly . The Mirror focuses on local happenings , events , sports , and arts . The Mirror also has a daily updated site with all current and breaking news in Santa Monica and the local area . The paper 's stories are written by local residents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6767fbf8432a4c55f5cb59d1b16c8ee8", "text": "Aquarium Development Aquarium Garage Development , was a proposed supertall skyscraper in Boston , Massachusetts . Aquarium Garage Development was intended to be tied as the tallest building in Boston , with Trans National Place . If built it would have surpassed the 60-story John Hancock Tower by 10 stories and about 210 feet ( 64 meters ) . The project was cancelled in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "112dc53c69bb031f193747e522e2ebbc", "text": "Bangladesh Bangladesh ( -LSB- bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- ˌbɑːŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- : bn : বাংলাদেশ , বাংলাদেশ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ -RSB- , lit . `` The country of Bengal '' ) , officially the People 's Republic of Bangladesh , is a country in South Asia . It shares land borders with India and Myanmar ( Burma ) . Nepal , Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it . The country 's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area . Bangladesh is the world 's eighth most populous country . Dhaka is its capital and largest city , followed by Chittagong , which has the country 's largest port . Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . Bangladeshis include people of different ethnic groups and religions . Bengalis , who speak the official Bengali language , make up 98 % of the population . The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world 's third largest Muslim-majority country . Most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta , the largest delta on Earth . The country has 700 rivers and 8,046 km ( 5,000 miles ) of inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country . Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef . It is home to the Sundarbans , the largest mangrove forest in the world . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife , including critically endangered Bengal tigers , the national animal . The Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai , a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent , in the 3rd century BCE . Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh , which had international trade links for millennia . The Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal transformed the region into a cosmopolitan Islamic imperial power between the 14th and 18th centuries . The region was home to many principalities that had inland naval prowess . It was also a notable center of the worldwide muslin and silk trade . As part of British India , the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance and played an important role in anti-colonial movements . The Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan ; and was renamed as East Pakistan . The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 . After independence , a parliamentary republic was established . A presidential government was in place between 1975 and 1990 , followed by a return to parliamentary democracy . The country has also been affected by poverty , natural disasters , hunger , dominant party systems and military coups . Bangladesh is a middle power and a major developing nation . Within South Asia , the country ranks first in gender equality , second in foreign exchange earnings and third in life expectancy and peacefulness . Listed as one of the Next Eleven , its economy ranks 46th in terms of nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) and 29th in terms of purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . It is one of the largest textile exporters in the world . Its major trading partners are the European Union , the United States , China , India , Japan , Malaysia and Singapore . With its strategically vital location between Southern , Eastern and Southeast Asia , Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation . It is a founding member of SAARC , BIMSTEC , the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative . It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Developing 8 Countries , the OIC , the Non Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 and the World Trade Organization . Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f0040d1c7f767c1e67456dea3cfb9a2a", "text": "Chittagong Court Building Chittagong Court Building is a historic court house in Chittagong , Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b2dda2daa65d095a0fc3f9b9f112917", "text": "Bogra District Bogra is a northern district of Bangladesh , in the Rajshahi Division . It is called the gateway to North Bengal . Bogra is an industrial city where many small and mid-sized industries are sited . Bogra district was a part of the ancient Pundravardhana territory and the ruins of Mahasthangarh , the ancient capital of Pundravardhana , are located north of Bogra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8570980eb0f5333282a2a321a3dea71", "text": "Sikhism in Bangladesh Sikhism in Bangladesh dates back to 1503 but has declined after the partition . Most of the sikhs in the country are officials of Indian High Commission or pilgrims . Some estimates shows that there are 23,000 to 100,000 Sikhs in Bangladesh but Bangladeshi Sikhs are very rare . There were eighteen historical Gurdwara 's in Bangladesh but now only Seven are left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e7180920f616be41a3ede211d8692e8", "text": "International recognition of Bangladesh The Bangladesh Liberation War ( মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho ) was a revolutionary independence war in South Asia during 1971 which established the republic of Bangladesh . The war pitted East Pakistan against West Pakistan , and lasted over a duration of nine months . It witnessed large-scale atrocities , the exodus of 10 million refugees and the displacement of 30 million people . The war broke out on 26 March 1971 , when the Pakistani Army launched a military operation called Operation Searchlight against Bengali civilians , students , intelligentsia and armed personnel , who were demanding that the Pakistani military junta accept the results of the 1970 first democratic elections of Pakistan , which were won by an eastern party , or to allow separation between East and West Pakistan . Bengali politicians and army officers announced the declaration of Bangladesh 's independence in response to Operation Searchlight . Bengali military , paramilitary and civilians formed the Mukti Bahini ( মুক্তি বাহিনী `` Liberation Army '' ) , which engaged in guerrilla warfare against Pakistani forces . The Pakistan Army , in collusion with religious extremist militias ( the Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams ) , engaged in the systematic genocide and atrocities of Bengali civilians , particularly nationalists , intellectuals , youth and religious minorities . Bangladesh government-in-exile was set up in the city of Calcutta ( now Kolkata ) in the Indian State of West Bengal . India entered the war on 3 December 1971 , after Pakistan launched pre-emptive air strikes on northern India . Overwhelmed by two war fronts , Pakistani defences soon collapsed . On 16 December , the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India defeated Pakistan in the east . The subsequent surrender resulted in the largest number of prisoners-of-war since World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc03191dd875ad031ae451407ffad807", "text": "Bengali vocabulary Bengali ( বাংলা Bangla ) is one of the Magadhan languages , evolved from Magadhi Prakrit and Pali languages . The core of Bengali vocabulary is thus etymologically of Magadhi Prakrit and Pali languages . However , centuries of major borrowing and reborrowing from Arabic , Persian , Turkish , Sanskrit , Austroasiatic languages and other languages has led to the adoption of a wide range of words with foreign origins . Thus making the origins of borrowed and reborrowed words in the Bengali vocabulary numerous and diverse , due to centuries of contact with various languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a502647f57b2e7cf288ecb1a2047db", "text": "List of television stations in Bangladesh The first television signal broadcast in Bangladesh was in 1964 by the then state-owned television network Pakistan Television Corporation ( PTV ) . From then onwards Bangladesh Television ( BTV ) had a virtual monopoly until the late 1990s . Since then a number of stations have arrived . Many have also shut down in the process . This is a list of television stations in Bangladesh available on digital terrestrial , satellite and cable systems . Public service broadcasters BTV -- state-owned , founded in 1964 as Pakistan Television , but renamed BTV after 1971 . BTV World -- state-owned , available worldwide . Sangsad Television -- broadcasts live scenarios of Bangladesh 's politics and also live telecasts National Parliament Assemblies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47d656a0da0b91887fe493fa2a167425", "text": "Bangladesh–North Korea relations Bangladesh -- North Korea relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and North Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a0488b051f358077a49ea6b955092ea", "text": "Gonobhaban The Gono Bhaban ( গণভবন , lit . People 's House ) is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh , which is located on the north corner of the National Parliament House in Sher-e-Bangla Nagor , Dhaka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "871400d8387289ab1e3560e1aae2a6fa", "text": "Bangladesh–Thailand relations Bangladesh -- Thailand relations refer to foreign relations between Bangladesh and Thailand . Relations were established on 5 October 1972 . Thailand opened its embassy in Bangladesh in 1974 , and Bangladesh opened its embassy in Bangkok in 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79490bf264f07dc75d442f2aa59233ef", "text": "Kaliganga River The Kaliganga River is a river in Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bce37e84ebdd7ded4c9087883c34414", "text": "Bangladesh Rural Development Board Bangladesh Rural Development Board or BRDB , is a government board responsible for the development in rural areas and is largest government program involved in rural development in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka , Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa84ed4bb14607b4480dd49503b90882", "text": "The Bangladesh Today The Bangladesh Today is a national daily newspaper in Bangladesh , published from Dhaka in the English language . It started on 26 January 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "004bda16be0074222181c87b5bcad415", "text": "Bangladesh Olympic Association Bangladesh Olympic Association ( বাংলাদেশ অলিম্পিক সংস্থা IOC code : BAN ) is the National Olympic Committee representing Bangladesh . It is also the body responsible for Bangladesh 's representation at the Commonwealth Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67bcf910a6b84dd8b80bb4ac439e0b4e", "text": "Bangladeshi (disambiguation) Bangladeshi may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8275b571b0a886f1876196daf6599b5", "text": "Football in Bangladesh Throughout history , football has been the most popular sport in Bangladesh and is governed by the Bangladesh Football Federation ( BFF ) . Compared to the past , the standard of Bangladeshi football has degraded due to mismanagement , lack of support and poor investment . An interest in cricket resulting from the nation 's success in Test Cricket and participation in the Cricket World Cup overshadowed the past fame in the nation 's football . But however this did not affect football 's popularity . More football tournaments are organized in and outside Dhaka than of any other sports and football fever grips the nation during every FIFA World Cup . Federation officials and experts are still hopeful about the development of football in the country in the next ten years despite financial obstacles and lack of professionalism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef2ed239a6bf3928f929d663c8566c7b", "text": "Bengali Christians Bengali Christians also known as Firingis , are adherents of Christianity among the Bengali people . They speak the Bengali language and are native to Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal . The majority of Bengali Christians are Roman Catholics . Christianity took root in Bengal after the arrival of Portuguese voyagers in the 16th century . It witnessed further conversions among the Bengali elite during the 19th century Bengali renaissance . Bengali Christians have made significant contributions to Bengali culture , commerce and society . The region is home to venerable Christian missionary institutions , including the Missionaries of Charity founded by Mother Teresa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f13052f0c5ad9e36189f4861f9fb05", "text": "Bagra, Dhaka Bagra ( also , Bāgra ) is a village in Dhaka Division , Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "515f96ef25873c2957046bded5c6ac0c", "text": "Bangladesh Last House Bangladesh Last House is the last residential place of Bangladesh before the Bangladesh -- India border at Jointa Hill Resort , Tamabil , Sylhet District in Bangladesh . It has two waterfalls with a mountain view at Jointata Hill Resort . It is a popular destination for tourism in Bangladesh , attracting thousands of visitors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db72db165a7b6c509e479a9a9d9e2dbc", "text": "Bangladeshi animation Bangladeshi animation is still a new form of visual arts but experiencing a rapid growth . The animation industry employs about 12,000 people of different ages in Bangladesh . Most of the animation works are of outsourced projects from western developed nations . Other animation works include projects related to social awareness related programs and for TV advertisement purposes . Few animation studios are also producing animated short and feature films . There are some animation festivals that annually take place in Bangladesh , most prominently the International Animation and Cartoon Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b826486d3489be5f245a38b425dc5e", "text": "Sundarbans National Park The Sundarban National Park ( -LSB- : bn : সুন্দরবন জাতীয় উদ্যান , সুন্দরবন জাতীয় উদ্যান -RSB- Shundorbôn Jatiyo Udyan ) is a National Park , Tiger Reserve , and a Biosphere Reserve in West Bengal , India . It is part of the Sundarbans on the Ganges Delta , and adjacent to the Sundarban Reserve Forest in Bangladesh . The delta is densely covered by mangrove forests , and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger . It is also home to a variety of bird , reptile and invertebrate species , including the salt-water crocodile . The present Sundarban National Park was declared as the core area of Sundarban Tiger Reserve in 1973 and a wildlife sanctuary in 1977 . On 4 May 1984 it was declared a National Park . It is a UNESCO world heritage site inscripted in 1987 . It is considered as a World Network of Biosphere Reserve ( Man and Biosphere Reserve ) in 2001 . The first Forest Management Division to have jurisdiction over the Sundarbans was established in 1869 . In 1875 a large portion of the mangrove forests was declared as reserved forests under the Forest Act , 1865 ( Act VIII of 1865 ) . The remaining portions of the forests were declared a reserve forest the following year and the forest , which was so far administered by the civil administration district , was placed under the control of the Forest Department . A Forest Division , which is the basic forest management and administration unit , was created in 1879 with the headquarters in Khulna , Bangladesh . The first management plan was written for the period 1893 -- 98 . In 1911 , it was described as a tract of waste country which had never been surveyed nor had the census been extended to it . It then stretched for about 165 mi from the mouth of the Hugli to the mouth of the Meghna river and was bordered inland by the three settled districts of the 24 Parganas , Khulna and Bakerganj . The total area ( including water ) was estimated at 6526 sqmi . It was a water-logged jungle , in which tigers and other wild beasts abounded . Attempts at reclamation had not been very successful . The Sundarbans was everywhere intersected by river channels and creeks , some of which afforded water communication throughout the Bengal region both for steamers and for native ships .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "57b8dd142227b025c650d604afef05b0", "text": "UEFA Champions League The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and contested by top-division European clubs . It is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football , played by the national league champion ( and , for some nations , one or more runners-up ) of each UEFA national association . The UEFA Champions League final is the most watched annual sporting event worldwide . The final of the 2012 -- 13 tournament had the highest TV ratings to date , drawing 360 million television viewers . Introduced in 1992 , the competition replaced the European Champion Clubs ' Cup , or simply European Cup , which had run since 1955 , adding a group stage to the competition and allowing multiple entrants from certain countries . The pre-1992 competition was initially a straight knockout tournament open only to the champion club of each country . During the 1990s , the format was expanded , incorporating a round-robin group stage to include clubs that finished runner-up of some nations ' top-level league . While most of Europe 's national leagues can still only enter their national league champion , Europe 's strongest national leagues now provide up to four teams for the competition , and will provide up to five teams from the 2015 -- 16 season onwards . Clubs that finish next-in-line in each nation 's top level league , having not qualified for the UEFA Champions League competition , may be eligible for the next level UEFA Europa League competition . In its present format , the UEFA Champions League begins in mid-July with three knockout qualifying rounds and a play-off round . The 10 surviving teams enter the group stage , joining 22 other teams qualified in advance . The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams and play each other in a double round-robin system . The eight group winners and eight runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in May . The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup . Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition 's history , having won the tournament 11 times , including its first five seasons . Spanish clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories ( 16 wins ) , followed by England and Italy ( 12 wins apiece ) . The competition has been won by 22 different clubs , 12 of which have won it more than once . Since the tournament changed name and structure in 1992 , no club has managed consecutive wins ; Milan were the last holders to successfully defend their title , in the 1989 -- 90 season . The reigning champions are Real Madrid , who secured their eleventh title in the competition after defeating Atlético Madrid on penalties following a 1 -- 1 draw in the 2016 final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fee78848eea294f98274db5f727cb6d7", "text": "Stamford Bridge (stadium) Stamford Bridge ( -LSB- ˈstæm.fə ( r ) d_ˈbrɪdʒ -RSB- ) is a football stadium located in Fulham , London . It is the home ground of Chelsea F.C. . The stadium is located within the Moore Park Estate also known as Walham Green and is often referred to as simply The Bridge . The capacity is 41,663 , making it the eighth largest ground in the Premier League . The club has plans to expand the capacity to 60,000 by the 2021 -- 2022 season . When expansion starts , Chelsea will play at the Wembley Stadium until they return in 2023 . Opened in 1877 , the stadium was used by the London Athletic Club until 1905 , when new owner Gus Mears founded Chelsea Football Club to occupy the ground ; Chelsea have played their home games there ever since . It has undergone numerous major changes over the years , most recently in the 1990s when it was renovated into a modern , all-seater stadium . Stamford Bridge has been used as a venue for England international matches , FA Cup Finals , FA Cup semi-finals and Charity Shield games . It has also hosted numerous other sports , such as cricket , rugby union , speedway , greyhound racing , baseball and American football . The stadium 's highest official attendance is 82,905 , for a league match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 12 October 1935 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c628a5eaca38da221d28a73376eec81f", "text": "Chelsea F.C. Chelsea Football Club ( -LSB- ˈtʃɛlsiː -RSB- ) is an English professional football club based in Fulham , London , that competes in the Premier League , of which they are reigning champions . Founded in 1905 , the club 's home ground since then has been Stamford Bridge . Chelsea had their first major success in 1955 , when they won the league championship . They then won various cup competitions between 1965 and 1971 . The club 's greatest period of success has come during the last two decades ; winning 18 major trophies since 1997 . Chelsea have won six national league titles , seven FA Cups , five League Cups and four FA Community Shields , one UEFA Champions League , two UEFA Cup Winners ' Cups , one UEFA Europa League and one UEFA Super Cup . Chelsea are the only London club to win the UEFA Champions League , and one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions , first English to do so . Chelsea 's regular kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks . The club 's crest has been changed several times in attempts to re-brand the club and modernise its image . The current crest , featuring a ceremonial lion rampant regardant holding a staff , is a modification of the one introduced in the early 1950s . The club have the sixth-highest average all-time attendance in English football . Their average home gate for the 2016 -- 17 season was 41,507 , the sixth highest in the Premier League . Since 2003 , Chelsea have been owned by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich . In 2016 , they were ranked by Forbes magazine as the seventh most valuable football club in the world , at # 1.15 billion ( $ 1.66 billion ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc759fb2d9e395aa331f8953f6992245", "text": "Chelsea (band) Chelsea are an English punk rock band , formed in London in 1976 . Three of the four original band members went on to found Generation X. More than two decades after its release , `` Right to Work '' , Chelsea 's debut single , was included in Mojo magazine 's list of the best punk rock singles of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47f83bdd20eef320b7cc2e778db2c163", "text": "UEFA European Under-21 Championship The UEFA European Under-21 Championship ( also known as the UEFA Euro U-21s ) is a football competition organised by the sport 's European governing body , UEFA . It is held every two years . The competition has existed in its current form since 1978 . It was preceded by the Under 23 Challenge Cup which ran from 1967 to 1970 . A true Under 23 championship was then formed , starting in 1972 . The age limit was reduced to 21 for the 1978 championship and it has remained so since . To be eligible for the campaign ending in 2017 , players need to be born in or after 1994 . Many can be actually 23 years old by the time the finals tournament takes place ; however , when the qualification process began ( 2015 ) all players would have been 21 or under . Under-21 matches are typically played on the day before senior internationals and where possible , the same qualifying groups and fixtures were played out . This was not true for the shortened 2006-2007 Championship . This tournament serves as qualifier for the Summer Olympics . It has been considered a stepping stone toward the senior team . Players such as 2014 World Cup winner Mesut Özil , Klaas-Jan Huntelaar , Luís Figo , Petr Čech , 2010 World Cup winner Iker Casillas , 2006 World Cup winners Francesco Totti , Fabio Cannavaro , Gianluigi Buffon , Alberto Gilardino and Andrea Pirlo , and Euro 2004 winner Georgios Karagounis began their international careers in the youth teams . Sweden are the reigning champions , defeating Portugal in the 2015 final , on penalties . The finals of the 2015 competition were hosted by Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6f4ee90dea8ae212bf022f6d8a0257a", "text": "1999–2000 FA Cup The 1999 -- 2000 FA Cup was the 119th staging of the world 's oldest cup competition , the Football Association Cup or FA Cup . Both the semi-finals and final of the competition were played at Wembley Stadium for the last time before reconstruction work began . The competition culminated with the FA Cup Final between Chelsea and Aston Villa . The game was won by a goal from Chelsea 's Roberto Di Matteo , giving them a 1-0 victory . The previous season 's winners , Manchester United , withdrew from the 1999 -- 2000 competition due to their participation in the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship in South America , to take place in early 2000 , thus becoming the first FA Cup winners not to defend their title . Despite this being at the request of the Football Association ( FA ) , they received criticism from journalists and television pundits . To keep the competition running smoothly , the FA chose to draw one team from among those lower-division teams defeated in the second round to progress as `` lucky losers '' to the third . Darlington were the team drawn . The main competition started in November 1999 for clubs from the Football League and Premiership . For details on the preliminary and qualifying rounds of the FA Cup see FA Cup Archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48115158f641bdac41bc051bcdbee2f0", "text": "1960–61 Chelsea F.C. season The 1960 -- 61 season was Chelsea Football Club 's 47th of competitive football , and their 35th in the English top flight . Chelsea 's performances and results were erratic throughout the season , typified by large victories over Arsenal , Newcastle United and West Bromwich Albion and heavy defeats against Manchester United , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Burnley , culminating in a sixth consecutive mid-table finish since their Championship success in 1955 . The club were also victims of an upset in the FA Cup , losing 2 -- 1 at home to Fourth Division side Crewe Alexandra . The season was nonetheless a watershed in the club 's history ; frustrated at the club 's lack of direction , Chelsea 's star player Jimmy Greaves joined AC Milan at the end of the season . Manager Ted Drake , his position weakened by the Crewe result in particular , would also leave the club early into the next season . Despite the lack of tangible success , the season produced a series of records . Chelsea scored 98 league goals , a record that stood until Chelsea 's record breaking 2009 -- 10 season and conceded 100 goals -- another club record . Greaves scored 41 league goals , plus another two in the League Cup for a seasonal total of 43 , which has never been bettered by another Chelsea player . Greaves also notched six hat-tricks ( another club record for a single season ) , and during the campaign scored his 100th career league goal ; at the age of 21 , still the youngest ever player to do so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8573d7d39d190c55c7b78bea9360b5", "text": "1999–2000 UEFA Cup The 1999 -- 2000 UEFA Cup season was the 29th edition of the UEFA Cup competition . The final took place at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen and was won by Galatasaray , who defeated Arsenal in the final . The game was scoreless through the first ninety minutes and stayed that way through thirty minutes of extra time . The match went on to penalty kicks in which Gheorghe Popescu scored the winning goal to win the cup . Galatasaray won the cup without losing a single game . The competition was marred by violence involving English and Turkish hooligans in the semi-finals and the final , in particular the fatal stabbings of Leeds United fans Kevin Speight and Christopher Loftus by Galatasaray fans in Istanbul . Parma were the defending champions , but were eliminated by Werder Bremen in the fourth round . It was the first season of the new format UEFA Cup ; it had absorbed the now defunct Cup Winners ' Cup to include domestic cup winners , and now featured an additional knockout round . This season 's champions qualified for the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship , which was never disputed . So far , Galatasaray are the only UEFA Cup champions to qualify for a Club World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ab3f12debd57b27fc3f3a0b7c8270fc", "text": "England 2018 FIFA World Cup bid England 2018 was the Football Association 's unsuccessful bid for the right to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup . FIFA invited bidding countries to bid for either the 2018 or the 2022 finals , or both . The FA initially decided to bid for both , but with the withdrawal of all non-European bids for the 2018 event , this bid , and that of all other European bidding nations , were effectively disqualified from eligibility for the 2022 edition . England 's bid was managed by England 2018/2022 Bidding Nation Ltd. . This company was established by The FA for the purpose of bringing the World Cup tournament to England for the first time since 1966 . England attempted to host the 2006 FIFA World Cup but lost out to Germany . England hosted the 1966 FIFA World Cup and had the campaign been successful , England would have become the sixth nation to host the World Cup for a second time . It won the right to host Euro ' 96 . Andy Anson , England 2018 Chief Executive , called for humility with England 's bid claiming they `` must not fall victim to arrogance '' and that lessons had been learned from the unsuccessful attempt to host the 2006 competition . Anson stated that `` the tone of this campaign has to be different .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138957308352c741ba74b3105666eeac", "text": "2009–10 UEFA Champions League The 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League was the 55th season of Europe 's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the 18th under the current UEFA Champions League format . The final was played on 22 May 2010 , at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , home ground of Real Madrid , in Madrid , Spain . The final was won by Italian club Internazionale , who beat German side Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 . Internazionale went on to represent Europe in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , beating Congolese side TP Mazembe 3 -- 0 in the final , and played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup against Europa League winners Atlético Madrid , losing 2 -- 0 . Barcelona were the defending champions , but were eliminated by eventual winners Internazionale in the semi-finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c13c395e3223f025bea9ec9ca2fc71f", "text": "Willi Steffen Willi Steffen ( 17 March 1925 -- 3 May 2005 ) was a Swiss international footballer who played as a left-back . Steffen started out as an amateur with Cantonal Neuchâtel and later became the first Swiss footballer to play in England when he signed for Chelsea . He had only journeyed to England to learn the language , having been sent by his parents in preparation for him joining the family 's fruit and vegetable business , but his teacher turned out to be the wife of then-Chelsea manager , Billy Birrell . He was given a trial and signed for the club in July 1946 . Steffen was a cultured and dedicated full back , tall and pacy , who quickly became a crowd favourite at Chelsea , while his blonde hair and good looks also won him admirers . He made his debut in a 3-1 loss against Derby County and played 20 league and cup games for Chelsea during the 1946-47 season , including a memorable FA Cup win over Arsenal at Highbury , during which he expertly marked winger Ian McPherson . Steffen returned to Switzerland at the end of the season to finish his national service and was made club captain in his final game for Chelsea , also against Derby . Upon his return to Switzerland he re-joined Cantonal before moving to Young Boys Bern in 1950 . With them , he won the Swiss Super League four years in succession from 1957-60 as well as the Schweizer Cup in 1953 and 1958 . A former fighter pilot , Steffen played for Switzerland at the 1950 FIFA World Cup , though they went out in the group stages . He also played in a 1-0 win over an England side containing Stanley Matthews , Tommy Lawton and Billy Wright in Zurich in 1947 . He won 28 international caps for his country . He died in Bern in 2005 , aged 80 . Category :1925 births Category :2005 deaths Category : Chelsea F.C. players Category : BSC Young Boys players Category :1950 FIFA World Cup players Category : Swiss footballers Category : Switzerland international footballers Category : Sportspeople from Bern Category : Association football defenders", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84f9eef1ab867b4d50f83dcbe30291a", "text": "Bank of England club The Bank of England club is a nickname in English association football for a football club which has a strong financial backing . It was used to refer to Arsenal F.C. in the 1930s as well as in recent times for being the last of the Premier League 's Big Four clubs to be owned primarily by English investors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a30ac50035ea0d01e043d7bbdcede4", "text": "Todd Kane Todd Arthur Lucien Kane ( born 17 September 1993 ) is an English footballer who plays for Chelsea , as a right back , but also has the ability to be used as a right wing back , right midfielder as well a left back .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29bfc5008639e338647c6dd13042f4a", "text": "List of Chelsea F.C. records and statistics Below are statistics and records related to Chelsea Football Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d232f392c0fe37d31573f396226b6de9", "text": "UEFA Euro 2016 The 2016 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016 , was the 15th UEFA European Championship , the quadrennial international men 's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA . It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016 . Spain were the two-time defending champions , having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments , but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy . Portugal won the tournament for the first time , following a 1 -- 0 victory after extra time over the host team , France , in the final played at the Stade de France . For the first time , the European Championship final tournament was contested by 24 teams , having been expanded from the 16-team format used since 1996 . Under the new format , the finalists contested a group stage consisting of six groups of four teams , followed by a knockout phase including three rounds and the final . Nineteen teams -- the top two from each of the nine qualifying groups and the best third-placed team -- joined France in the final tournament , who qualified automatically as hosts ; a series of two-legged play-off ties between the remaining third-placed teams in November 2015 decided the last four finalist spots . France was chosen as the host nation on 28 May 2010 , after a bidding process in which they beat Italy and Turkey for the right to host the 2016 finals . The matches were played in ten stadiums in ten cities : Bordeaux , Lens , Lille Métropole , Décines-Charpieu , Marseille , Nice , Paris , Saint-Denis , Saint-Étienne , and Toulouse . It was the third time that France hosted the finals , after the inaugural tournament in 1960 and the 1984 finals . As the winners , Portugal earned the right to compete at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b10d49e4f357effacdacadafce330f5", "text": "History of FC Barcelona The history of Futbol Club Barcelona goes from the football club 's founding in 1899 and up to current time . FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The team was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper . The club played amateur football until 1910 in various regional competitions . In 1910 , the club participated in their first of many European competitions , and has since amassed ten UEFA trophies and a sextuple . In 1928 , Barcelona co-founded La Liga , the top-tier in Spanish football , along with a string of other clubs . As of 2016 , Barcelona has never been relegated from La Liga , a record they share with Athletic Bilbao and arch-rival Real Madrid . The history of super Barcelona has often been political . Though it is a club created and run by foreigners , Barcelona gradually became a club associated with Catalan values . In Spain 's transition to autocracy in 1925 , Catalonia became increasingly hostile towards the central government in Madrid . The hostility enhanced Barcelona 's image as a focal point for Catalonism , and when Francisco Franco banned the use of the Catalan language , the stadium of Barcelona became one of the few places the people could express their dissatisfaction . The Spanish transition to democracy in 1978 has not dampened the club 's image of Catalan pride . In the 2000s -- a period of sporting success in the club and an increased focus on Catalan players -- club officials have openly called for Catalonia to become an independent state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a202d16bc596e22b75c2681cd4476be", "text": "List of Fulham F.C. seasons Fulham Football Club is an English professional football team based in Fulham in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham . The club was formed in West Kensington in 1879 as Fulham St Andrew 's Church Sunday School F.C. , shortened to Fulham F.C. in 1888 . They initially played at Fulham Fields before a move to Craven Cottage in 1896 ; the club played their first professional match in December 1898 and made their FA Cup debut in the 1902 -- 03 season . The club competed in the Southern Football League between 1898 and 1907 , when they were accepted into the Football League Second Division . Having spent much of their history outside the top division , the team gained promotion to the Premier League in 2001 . Fulham reached the final of the UEFA Europa League in 2010 . To date they are the club with the highest number of seasons in the top flight ( 25 ) without having achieved a single honour . Their highest position in the English football league system was 7th in the Premier League in 2008 -- 09 , while their lowest position was 17th in the Third Division ( by then the fourth tier ) in 1995 -- 96 . The following table gives a record of every season of the club from their first professional season in the Southern Football League Division 2 , to the present day , in the EFL Championship . It details the club 's achievements in major competitions , their managers , and the top scorers in the league for each season . The table is correct up to the end of the 2012 -- 13 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf62f0b3ccb04d04e321112c3a93cfea", "text": "SvenskaFans.com SvenskaFans.com is a Swedish sports related website started in September 2000 by Christer Fahlstedt , Anders Nettelbladt , Peter Muld and Michael Fahlstedt . Today the site covers Association football from Italy , Spain , Sweden , England , Germany , France , Portugal , Turkey , Scotland , USA , The Netherlands , The Czech Republic , Croatia and Switzerland . The site also contains low tier Swedish hockey up to the SHL and the NHL as well as Swedish bandy and floorball . The site also contains Formula 1 and some North American sports while also covering different kind of tournaments and sporting events around the world . They expanded and bought NorskeFans.com around 2006 , but had to close it down in 2010 because it no longer was considered economically viable to continue operating . SVT sportcaster David Fjäll got his start hosting SvenskaFans.com 's for web-TV programs Eurotalk and Matchpuls . SvenskaFans.com has several times been awarded the best sports site in Sweden by Internetworld .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e08a7666985507e9091b8b24ada3f0a7", "text": "1966–67 FA Cup The 1966 -- 67 FA Cup was the 86th season of the world 's oldest football cup competition , the Football Association Challenge Cup , commonly known as the FA Cup . Tottenham Hotspur won the competition for the fifth time , beating Chelsea 2 -- 1 in the first all-London final . The game was played at Wembley . Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round , which was always a Saturday . Some matches , however , might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played , a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week . If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay , a 30-minute period of extra time would be played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b158bca6ae574c22e5f06797dec03ba", "text": "UEFA The Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA , -LSB- juːˈeɪfə -RSB- Union des Associations Européennes de Football ) Vereinigung Europäischer Fußballverbände ) is the administrative body for association football in Europe , although several member states are primarily or entirely located in Asia . It is one of six continental confederations of world football 's governing body FIFA . UEFA consists of 55 national association members . UEFA represents the national football associations of Europe , runs nation and club competitions including the UEFA European Championship , UEFA Champions League , UEFA Europa League , and UEFA Super Cup , and controls the prize money , regulations , and media rights to those competitions . Until 1959 the main headquarters were located in Paris , and later in Bern . In 1995 , UEFA headquarters were transferred to Nyon , Switzerland . Henri Delaunay was the first general secretary and Ebbe Schwartz the first president . The current president is Aleksander Čeferin , a former Football Association of Slovenia president , who was elected as UEFA 's seventh president at the 12th Extraordinary UEFA Congress in Athens in September 2016 , and automatically became a vice-president of the world body FIFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46058e11e5f934df2d05110bb569a71f", "text": "Carlo Cudicini Carlo Cudicini ( -LSB- ˈkarlo kudiˈtʃini -RSB- ; born 6 September 1973 ) is a retired Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He is the son of the former Milan goalkeeper Fabio Cudicini , and the grandson of Ponziana defender Guglielmo Cudicini . Cudicini is currently a club ambassador and assistant to the first team head coach at Chelsea F.C. Cudicini started his professional career at Serie A side Milan in 1992 , but struggled to break into the first team and spent the 1993 -- 94 season on loan to Como , making six league appearances for the club . He switched permanently to Prato in 1995 and made 30 league appearances for the club before moving again to Lazio in 1996 . Having only made a single league appearance for Lazio , he moved again in 1997 , this time to Castel di Sangro . He made 14 league appearances in a three-year spell at the club before being loaned to Premier League side Chelsea for the 1999 -- 2000 season . He signed permanently for the English club in 2000 , and quickly dislodged Ed de Goey from the number one spot , being voted Chelsea 's Player of the Year for the 2001 -- 02 season and the ITV Premiership Goalkeeper of the Season for the 2002 -- 03 season . However , he struggled with injury for the following season , and Petr Čech was signed in 2004 ; Cech would displace Cudicini as the number one goalkeeper , with Cudicini only appearing sporadically afterwards . In 2006 , both Čech and Cudicini suffered head injuries in a game against Reading ; as Cudicini recovered sooner , and third-choice goalkeeper Henrique Hilário 's form dipped , he briefly took over the starting role , until Cech returned towards the end of January 2007 . Cudicini left Chelsea in 2009 , having made 141 league appearances for the club , and joined local rivals Tottenham Hotspur . At Tottenham , he remained second-choice or third-choice throughout his spell , and only made 19 league appearances for the club ; first Heurelho Gomes , then Brad Friedel and Hugo Lloris kept him out of the team . He left the club in 2012 , having made 19 league appearances . In 2013 , Cudicini signed for Los Angeles Galaxy . Cudicini played 20 times for the Italy under-18 team between 1990 and 1992 , and made a single appearance for the under-21 team during the 1992 -- 1993 season ; however , he never played for the full national team . In 2003 , during his successful period at Chelsea , the English FA attempted to select him for the England national team , but he was ineligible .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48b4e30893ac187b83a718b1708074c9", "text": "The Rev James Owen Sullivan ( February 9 , 1981 -- December 28 , 2009 ) , professionally known by his stage name The Rev ( shortened version of The Reverend Tholomew Plague ) , was an American musician , composer and songwriter , best known as the drummer , composer , songwriter , backing ( occasional co-leading ) vocalist and founding member for the American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold . The Rev was widely regarded and critically acclaimed for his work on Avenged Sevenfold albums , and contributed entire songs composed by himself , such as `` Chapter Four '' , `` Afterlife '' , `` A Little Piece of Heaven '' , and `` Almost Easy '' . He was also the lead vocalist/pianist in Pinkly Smooth , a side project where he was known by the name Rathead , with fellow Avenged Sevenfold member , guitarist Synyster Gates ( Brian Elwin Haner Jr. ) , and he was the drummer for Suburban Legends from 1998 to 1999 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9428098f97655a7c620de2f3ebfebbae", "text": "The Infinite Order The Infinite Order is the seventh studio album from Christian metal band Living Sacrifice released January 26 , 2010 . The album , produced by Jeremiah Scott and mixed by Andy Sneap marks a return for the band since their prior album in 2002 . Because the manufacturer used the wrong master , the first pressing has an additional song `` Of My Flesh , Of My Heart '' on track 12 that was intended to be a bonus track on a possible European release . Future pressings will have the intended 11 tracks . They have since made a deluxe edition of the album available only through iTunes . The deluxe edition features new artwork , one bonus studio track , two live bonus tracks , and the In Finite Live DVD . Music videos were made for the songs `` Rules of Engagement '' and `` Overkill Exposure '' . `` Love Forgives '' is inspired by the book of 1 Corinthians 13 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "720a2914e3006dd5bc1d69b348d9801b", "text": "Hymns (Bloc Party album) Hymns is the fifth studio album by English indie rock band Bloc Party . It was released worldwide in January 2016 on BMG . The album was recorded between March and August 2015 at Lynchmob Studios in London , following a hiatus during which Matt Tong and Gordon Moakes departed the band . It is the first album to feature new members of the band : Justin Harris on bass and keyboards , and Louise Bartle on drums . The songs `` The Love Within '' , `` The Good News '' , and `` Virtue '' were released as singles . Musically , Hymns was inspired by many sources including rhythm and blues and gospel . It focuses more on electronic music compared to the album 's predecessor , Four ( 2012 ) , which featured a return to Bloc Party 's rock style after experimentation with electronic music on their third studio album , Intimacy ( 2008 ) . Upon release , the album received generally mixed reviews from critics ; reviewers focused on the `` subdued '' nature of the album , with others noting the more spiritual themes in its lyrics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7177078340e3178d1ef0d9fbec77fbc4", "text": "Rusty Edwards Rusty Edwards is a hymnwriter who was born in Dixon , Illinois on January 22 , 1955 . He has been an ordained minister for over 27 years , and is currently the Senior Pastor of Christ Lutheran Church in Marietta , Georgia ( a suburb of Atlanta ) . He and his wife Lori have been married for 33 years , and have two sons , Benjamin and Ian . Over two dozen of his hymns have been published in 70 books used by 36 denominations in Australia , Canada , China , England , Japan , New Zealand , Scotland , and the USA . He has published five collections of hymns , including THE YES OF THE HEART ( with foreword by Chick Corea ) , GRATEFUL PRAISE , AS SUNSHINE TO A GARDEN , and EACH BREATH EVERY HEARTBEAT ( Abingdon Nashville ) and BIDDEN , UNBIDDEN ( Abingdon Press ) . His sixth book will be entitled COME , MY CHOSEN with co-writers from several countries . Dave Brubeck wrote a tune for his song `` As the Moon is to the Sun '' which is included in the 2008 book , `` DAVE BRUBECK AT THE PIANO . '' His best known songs so far are : We All are one in Mission , Praise the One who Breaks the Darkness , Now it is Evening , To a Maid Engaged to Joseph , and Each Breath , Every Heartbeat . He is an honorary citizen of Austin , Texas and a Kentucky Colonel . On January 22 , 2009 , the City of Tyler , Texas held a `` Rusty Edwards Hymn Writer Day . '' He was 2009 Visiting Fellow at Yale University Institute of Sacred Music and is 2012 Visiting Fellow of Africa University in Zimbabwe . He is a Brotherhood Member of The Allman Brothers Band Museum at the Big House in Macon , Georgia , and a member of the Blues Hall of Fame . Most recently , he was a part of the Chick Corea Master Workshop , where he recorded Prism ( words by Rusty Edwards ; music by Chick Corea , with Chick Corea , John Patitucci , and Antonio Sanchez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ad13a63a4bc7dc5bc3e9bdf98f418d", "text": "Nearer, My God, to Thee `` Nearer , My God , to Thee '' is a 19th-century Christian hymn by Sarah Flower Adams , which retells the story of Jacob 's dream . Genesis 28:11 -- 12 can be translated as follows : `` So he came to a certain place and stayed there all night , because the sun had set . And he took one of the stones of that place and put it at his head , and he lay down in that place to sleep . Then he dreamed , and behold , a ladder was set up on the earth , and its top reached to heaven ; and there the angels of God were ascending and descending on it ... '' The hymn is well known , among other uses , as the alleged last song the band on RMS Titanic played before the ship sank .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25d4c1bbd521b3a4f3cdd4e220c5fe8b", "text": "Richard Warren (musician) Richard Daniel Warren ( born 3 June 1973 in Sutton-in-Ashfield ) is an English musician , songwriter and producer . Warren signed his first record deal with Heavenly Records at the height of Britpop in 1996 , as one third of The Hybirds . In 1999 when the band split , he branched out on his own and away from guitar-led pop , signing to Mute Records as Echoboy after Daniel Miller heard his releases on Earworm Records following his self-released 12 '' Flashlegs ( Suite ) . Warren went on to release several self-produced solo albums on Mute as well as Giraffe , which was produced by Flood , and having put together a band he toured extensively with , amongst others , Elastica , Add N to ( X ) and Broadcast . Both Echoboy and The Hybirds performed several sessions for John Peel 's radio show . Warren is also known for producing and remixing other artists ( see below ) . In 2003 he was asked by Jason Pierce to play bass guitar in Spiritualized , with whom he toured throughout 2003-05 . He also played bass on and co-engineered the band 's 2008 album Songs in A&E . In 2005/06 , Warren released a set of five limited edition 7 '' singles under the pseudonym Modlang . During 2005-09 he played guitar with both Starsailor and Soulsavers with Mark Lanegan , playing guitar on the 2009 Starsailor album All the Plans and on the Soulsavers albums It 's Not How Far You Fall , It 's the Way You Land and Broken . He also co-wrote two of the songs on Broken . In 2008 Warren formed The Cold Light of Day , releasing the limited edition EP Flesh and Blood in April 2009 . In October 2009 he left The Cold Light of Day to pursue other projects and released a solo album Laments in July 2010 , which made it into the NME 's '50 best albums of the year so far ' list . His next album , The Wayfarer , was released on 17 October 2011 . An alternative ` stripped down ' mix of the album was issued as a cover-mount on the autumn double edition ( no. 78/79 ) of Bucketfull of Brains and nine short films containing these ` stripped down ' mixes were made to accompany the album . Jarvis Cocker said on his BBC Radio 6 Music radio show ( 1 Jan 2012 ) , that The Wayfarer was ` one of my fave albums that came out last year ' . Warren 's third solo album Rich Black Earth was released on 4 November 2013 . During 2014 Warren worked on a project called Kings of the South Seas with Ben Nicholls ( Dennis Hopper Choppers , The Full English ( folk music archive ) ) and Evan Jenkins ( Neil Cowley Trio ) . The album Kings of the South Seas was released on 17 Nov 2014 . He also played guitar with Samantha Crain on some of her UK shows during the summer of 2014 . Warren is currently in the studio writing and recording his next solo album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4018ebd746fb593961e300013401ea5e", "text": "Timothy Wright Timothy Wright ( June 17 , 1947 -- April 24 , 2009 ) , generally credited as Rev. Timothy Wright or Reverend Timothy Wright on recordings , was an American gospel singer and pastor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72e5582ee8ec21f2ff7b2c867a65f2cf", "text": "The Holy City (song) The Holy City is a religious Victorian ballad dating from 1892 , with music by Michael Maybrick writing under the alias Stephen Adams , with lyrics by Frederic Weatherly . The song is recorded in the African Methodist Episcopal Church Review in 1911 as having been sung by an opera singer awaiting trial for fraud in his cell while a group of men arrested for drunk and disorderly conduct were before the judge . The men were said to have dropped to their knees as the song began ` Last night I lay a-sleeping , There came a dream so fair . ' , the lyrics contrasting with their previous night 's drunkenness . The song 's conclusion resulted in the judge dismissing the men without punishment , each having learned a lesson from the song . The song is mentioned in James Joyce 's Ulysses , published 1918-1920 . It gained renewed popularity when it was sung by Jeanette MacDonald in the 1936 hit film San Francisco . The melody formed the basis of a Spiritual titled Hosanna , which in turn was the basis for the opening of Duke Ellington 's `` Black and Tan Fantasy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60933b00b560d935c241d769d788eb0", "text": "A Passion Play A Passion Play is the sixth studio album by Jethro Tull , released in July 1973 in both UK and US . Like its predecessor , Thick as a Brick ( 1972 ) , it is a concept album comprising individual songs arranged into a single continuous piece of music ( which is split into two parts on the original vinyl LP release ) . The theme of the concept is apparently the spiritual journey of one man ( Ronnie Pilgrim ) in the afterlife . In the original tour to support the album , three videos were used : one for the intro of the play , a second for `` The Story of the Hare Who Lost His Spectacles '' , and a final shot passage to conclude the act . The whole of the concert was probably the high water mark of Jethro Tull 's elaborate stage productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1f391c768480461a16ab8a6d48feae7", "text": "Glenn Kaiser Glenn Kaiser ( born January 21 , 1953 ) is a Chicago-based Christian blues musician , singer-songwriter and pastor . He was the leader of Resurrection Band and is currently the leader of The Glenn Kaiser Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833d84965cb3ffb140ad6280713396ff", "text": "Far from Over (Rev Theory song) `` Far from Over '' is the third single released from Rev Theory 's second album , Light It Up . It is their highest-charting single to date , peaking at No. 15 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . It was their first song to reach the Billboard overall Rock Songs chart , peaking at No. 36 . A music video featuring the band in life footage singing the song has been made and released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6440fb15d77625f15a1f50ec778963e", "text": "Testify (P.O.D. album) Testify is the sixth studio album by American recording group P.O.D. . It was originally set for a December 2005 release but finally slated for January 24 , 2006 by Atlantic Records . This is P.O.D. 's first major-label album not produced by Howard Benson . The full album was leaked to file-sharing networks on January 20 , 2006 , just four days before its release . It was also their last album with Jason Truby on guitar , before he left the band in December 2006 . This album was also available in the Testify ( Limited Edition ) version with a bonus CD ( called Beyond Testify ) featuring commentary by the band on every song on the album , as well as four bonus songs and a remix that did n't make the album . The album 's first single , `` Goodbye for Now , '' went on to become the No. 1 music video on MTV 's TRL and became P.O.D. 's unprecedented 4th No. 1 video . The song also enjoyed heavy play on the radio . Testify became the No. 1 selling Christian album on Billboard for several weeks and , as of May 2006 , had been in the Top 25 for a total of 16 weeks . It opened at No. 9 on the Billboard 200 with 58,000 scans and has sold over 210,000 copies in the US and over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f68fdefa9ecb8ffbed518c70710cd129", "text": "Reverie (Joe Henry album) Reverie is a 2011 album by American singer-songwriter Joe Henry . Mojo placed the album at number 50 on its list of the `` Top 50 Albums Of 2011 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4beb7ce388a4acb72c0436a5e1511247", "text": "Ode to a Nightingale `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn , Hampstead , London or , according to Keats ' friend Charles Armitage Brown , under a plum tree in the garden of Keats ' house at Wentworth Place , also in Hampstead . According to Brown , a nightingale had built its nest near the house Keats and Brown shared in the spring of 1819 . Inspired by the bird 's song , Keats composed the poem in one day . It soon became one of his 1819 odes and was first published in Annals of the Fine Arts the following July . The poem is one of the most frequently anthologized in the English language . `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a personal poem that describes Keats 's journey into the state of negative capability . The tone of the poem rejects the optimistic pursuit of pleasure found within Keats 's earlier poems and , rather , explores the themes of nature , transience and mortality , the latter being particularly personal to Keats . The nightingale described within the poem experiences a type of death but does not actually die . Instead , the songbird is capable of living through its song , which is a fate that humans can not expect . The poem ends with an acceptance that pleasure can not last and that death is an inevitable part of life . In the poem , Keats imagines the loss of the physical world and sees himself dead -- as a `` sod '' over which the nightingale sings . The contrast between the immortal nightingale and mortal man sitting in his garden , is made all the more acute by an effort of the imagination . The presence of weather is noticeable in the poem , as spring came early in 1819 , bringing nightingales all over the heath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a81c089a7b54a52234f22b3c8242e01b", "text": "Get Happy (gospel music) Get Happy is a term used in the African American Gospel Music tradition , that refers to the experience of receiving the Holy Spirit during a Church service , usually involving ecstatic singing , or during prayer , or spontaneously . Accounts of nineteenth century African American slave spirituality use the term , as recorded in the book God Struck Me Dead : Voices of Ex-Slaves . All of my people were great Christians . Shouting , singing , praying , and good old heartfelt religion make up the things that filled their lives . -LSB- ... -RSB- Aunt Charlotte used to cry most all the time when she got happy . -- an ex-slave preacher , in God Struck Me Dead , page 75 . One of the early nineteenth century traditional ` Negro Spirituals ' to use the phrase , is the following : GOOD MORNING EVERYBODY Good morning everybody Good morning everybody , Lord My soul got happy this morning My soul got happy this morning , Lord You may call me `` hypocrite member '' You may call me `` hypocrite member '' , Lord But my soul got happy , this morning But my soul got happy this morning , Lord I 'm going to see my mother I 'm going to see my mother , Lord Going to sit down by my Jesus Going to sit down by my Jesus , Lord .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e0edcf954940be802dd3a7cf95dd87", "text": "The Ministry Years The Ministry Years is a two-volume posthumous compilation album series by American contemporary Christian music pianist and singer Keith Green , originally released in 1987 and 1988 . Each two-disc volume covers half of Green 's recording career : 1977-1979 and 1980-1982 . Included with each volume is a 19-page booklet insert . These compilation albums are treated with several previously unreleased songs ( denoted by a ** below ) . Both volumes were re-released in 1999 with new covers ( seen at right ) patterned after the `` Songs of ... '' series . The re-issue also included a digital copy of the book No Compromise : The Life Story of Keith Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48f2202a1463591f4fadfa707a465d1e", "text": "Saint of Me `` Saint of Me '' is a single by The Rolling Stones from their 1997 album Bridges to Babylon . Mick Jagger sings about various people in history who had converted to Christianity , notably St. Paul and St. Augustine . Jagger then states that they will never make a saint out of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38fe1d90daf361506a260ac3ab3b0191", "text": "Church of England The Church of England ( C of E ) is the state church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury ( currently Justin Welby ) is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It dates its establishment as a national church to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course whereby the English church was to be both Catholic and Reformed : Catholic in that it views itself as a part of the universal church of Jesus Christ in unbroken continuity with the early apostolic church . This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers , as formalised in the Apostles ' , Nicene , and Athanasian creeds . Reformed in that it has been shaped by some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation , in particular in the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer . In the earlier phase of the English Reformation there were both Catholic martyrs and radical Protestant martyrs . The later phases saw the Penal Laws punish Roman Catholic and nonconforming Protestants . In the 17th century , political and religious disputes raised the Puritan and Presbyterian faction to control of the church , but this ended with the Restoration . Papal recognition of George III in 1766 led to greater religious tolerance . Since the English Reformation , the Church of England has used a liturgy in English . The church contains several doctrinal strands , the main three known as Anglo-Catholic , Evangelical and Broad Church . Tensions between theological conservatives and progressives find expression in debates over the ordination of women and homosexuality . The church includes both liberal and conservative clergy and members . The governing structure of the church is based on dioceses , each presided over by a bishop . Within each diocese are local parishes . The General Synod of the Church of England is the legislative body for the church and comprises bishops , other clergy and laity . Its measures must be approved by both Houses of Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3c29495bd89a9089eb5e27befb004f", "text": "Johnny English Reborn (soundtrack) Johnny English Reborn is a motion picture soundtrack to the 2011 film of the same name written by the English film composer Ilan Eshkeri . The song `` I Believe in You '' by Rumer , that is heard in the end credits of the film , is not included in the soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "724dccb8c0631df462965b71fa9d7752", "text": "Hymns and Psalms Hymns and Psalms was the primary hymn book of the Methodist Church in the UK from 1983 until 2010 . The hymnbook was first published by the Methodist Publishing House in 1983 , to replace ` The Methodist Hymnbook ' , which was published soon after the unification of the Methodist Church in 1933 . The book 's full title is Hymns and Psalms : A Methodist and Ecumenical Hymn Book , reflecting ' a degree of participation by many denominations ' in its creation and a desire ` to build from accepted denominational traditions towards a richer sharing of ... diverse interests and ... common heritage ' . The decision to produce a new hymn book was taken at the Methodist Conference of 1979 , and the new book was authorised for use in all Methodist Churches in the Connexion at the 1982 Conference in Plymouth . Of the 823 hymns , over 150 were written by Charles Wesley ( 1707 -- 88 ) , brother of John Wesley , the founder of Methodism . Isaac Watts also has a significant number of hymns included . The most represented hymnwriter of the 20th century is Fred Pratt Green ( 1903 -- 2000 ) , who has 27 hymns included . The hymn book contains some of the most well known and well loved hymns in Methodism alongside a number of newer hymns . The hymns are presented in three sections , covering , respectively , God 's Nature , God 's World and God 's People , followed by a selection of Psalms and canticles . This hymn book remains an authorized part of the Methodist hymnody and is still in active use within the Methodist Church , although the Methodist Conference Faith and Order Committee has also released a new hymn book , Singing the Faith , which was approved at the 2010 Methodist Conference and published in 2011 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "415766b82894e3cc0b6c3e3f41b25edb", "text": "Azerbaijan Azerbaijan ( -LSB- æzərbaɪˈʒɑːn -RSB- ; Azərbaycan ) , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ( Azərbaycan Respublikası ) , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bound by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 11 km border with Turkey in the north west . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first democratic state in the Muslim orient world . The country was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , prior to the official dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh , found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . The country is a member state of the Council of Europe , the OSCE and the NATO Partnership for Peace ( PfP ) program . It is one of six independent Turkic states , an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations . It is one of the founding members of GUAM , the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons . A member of the United Nations since 1992 after its independence , Azerbaijan was elected to membership in the newly established Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 May 2006 . Its term of office began on 19 June 2006 . Azerbaijan is also a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement , holds observer status in World Trade Organization and is a correspondent at the International Telecommunication Union . The Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist . However , the majority of the population are of a Shiite Muslim background . Most Azerbaijanis however , do not actively practice any religion , and the country has been seen to be one of the most irreligious countries in the Muslim world , with 53 % stating religion has little to no importance in their lives , according to Pew Research Center and Gallup polls . Azerbaijan has a high level of human development which ranks on par with most Eastern European countries . It has a high rate of economic development and literacy , as well as a low rate of unemployment . According to the Davos World Economic Forum , Azerbaijan 's economy has scored 37th place within 138 countries in 2016 . Global Competitiveness Index 2015 indicates that Azerbaijan scores highest in its region . ASAN services , established with Presidential Decree , are countrywide known for eliminating bribery and corruption in the provision of public services . ASAN Service has been awarded with United Nations ' Public Service Award 2015 , which is the most prestigious award in the world in the field of public service delivery . The ruling party , the New Azerbaijan Party , has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "16a919c670d5b5af454dd6fe71905d1f", "text": "Türkan Türkan ( also , Turkyany , Tyurkend , Tyurkyan , and Tyurkyany ) is a settlement and municipality in Baku , Azerbaijan . It has a population of 10,108 . It means beautiful in Turkish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a9efbe7cf03bebc4e1650c79905eb6", "text": "Azerbaijan at the 2015 European Games Azerbaijan participated at the 2015 European Games in Baku , Azerbaijan from 12 to 28 June 2015 . As host nation , Azerbaijan automatically receives a number in quota places in each sport , regardless of how they fare in the qualification .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8065a648177f4d4c13274888c6346ed3", "text": "Internet in Azerbaijan Access to the Internet in Azerbaijan is growing , supported by a national strategy to develop the country into an information and communication technology ( ICT ) hub for the Caucasus region . The Azerbaijani government actively seeks to attract foreign aid to help boost the telecommunications and ICT sectors . While the government claims 85 percent of the population are online in 2013 , the International Telecommunications Union reports the nation 's Internet penetration rate is 58.7 percent . The Internet in Azerbaijan remains largely free from systematic government filtering or blocking of the Internet , but the government maintains a heavy-handed approach to political opposition in online forums . In 2013 , the country 's criminal defamation laws were extended to online content , meaning the author of defamatory content online could be charged with large fines , community service , or prison fines up to three years . The government has also cracked down on political activists and bloggers who are critical of the government online , charging them with harsh prison sentences as well as extralegal intimidation and harassment through surprise police visits and job loss . Researchers and reports by Internet activists agree that the government of Azerbaijan is engaged in mass surveillance of the country 's Internet use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de41048894248b09c66a4e9a6cb6095a", "text": "Beer in Azerbaijan Beer in Azerbaijan is typified by lighter lagers . Of the domestically produced beers , the most widely distributed is Xirdalan , formerly brewed by Baki-Castel ( BGI ) but bought by Baltika in 2008 . As a sponsor of Baku 's Eurovision Song Contest , Xirdalan issued special commemorative Eurovision cans and bottles in 2012 . Other relatively widespread brands include Novxanı ( brewed by Bakı-Praqa ) and draft-only NZS . Beer drinking is growing in popularity in Azerbaijan . Unlike almost all CIS countries , the beer bottles in Azerbaijan are marked with excise duty sticker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bb5638d8f3fd25abea578b351147e71", "text": "Emblem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic The national emblem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted in 1937 by the government of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The device is based on the emblem of the Soviet Union . The emblem features a drilling rig representing Baku 's wealthy oil reservoirs and , behind it , a sunrise , standing for the future of the Azeri nation . The hammer and sickle are prominently featured above it while the red star ( symbolizing `` socialism on all five continents '' ) sits at the top of the emblem , for the victory of Communism and the `` world-wide socialist community of states '' . The outer rim features symbols of agriculture -- wheat and cotton . The slogan on the banner bears the Soviet Union state motto ( `` Workers of the world , unite ! '' ) in both the Russian and Azerbaijani languages . In Azerbaijani , it is '' Бүтүн өлкəлəрин пролетарлары , бирлəшин ! '' ( in the current Azerbaijani Latin script : `` Bütün ölkələrin proletarları , birləşin ! '' ) . The full name of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic is spelled out in both in the Russian and Azeri languages . The emblem was changed in 1992 to the present emblem which retains some parts of the Soviet one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ad50f0dceb926d561bf68f08f4850dd", "text": "Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan ( Qazaxıstan azərbaycanlıları ) are part of the Azerbaijani diaspora . They are Kazakh citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background . According to the 2009 census , there were 85,292 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Kazakhstan ; Azerbaijanis comprised 0.5 % of Kazakhstan 's population and were the country 's tenth-largest ethnic minority . Most Azerbaijani-Kazakhs have immigrated to Kazakhstan from the Republic of Azerbaijan ; a small group of Iranian Azerbaijanis trapped by the Bolshevik taking of power in 1918 were also forced into Kazakhstan in 1938 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "634273156da4ac9771efb1ad72ea7b89", "text": "Nabran Nabran is a popular resort and municipality in Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan , close to the Russia-Azerbaijan border . It has a population of 1,313 . The municipality consists of the villages of Nabran , Dalğalı , Turist , Meşəli , Günəşli , Samurçay , and Şimal . Nabran is the largest recreational region within the Khachmaz Rayon . On a 3-hour drive from the capital of Azerbaijan , Baku , Nabran is located on the Caspian seashore in a subtropical forestland . Nabran is a settlement that spreads for several kilometers . Houses , hotels , entertainment facilities and restaurants are located along the left side and the beach is on the right side of the road that runs along the shoreline for over 30 kilometers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0eace980f6e31a43f641aca25a407d", "text": "Foreign relations of Armenia Since its independence , Armenia has maintained a policy of complementarism by trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran , Russia , and the West , including the United States and the European Union . However , the dispute over the Armenian Genocide of 1915 and the recent war over Nagorno -- Karabakh have created tense relations with two of its immediate neighbors , Azerbaijan and Turkey . Armenia is a member of more than 50 different international organizations , including the : United Nations Eurasian Union Council of Europe Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation La Francophonie The EU 's Eastern Partnership and the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly The UN 's Eastern European Group Eurocontrol Interpol Commonwealth of Independent States and the Collective Security Treaty Organization Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe NATO 's Partnership for Peace , Individual Partnership Action Plan and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council International Monetary Fund International Bank for Reconstruction and Development World Trade Organization , the World Bank , and the World Customs Organization Asian Development Bank European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Eurasian Development Bank and the Eurasian Customs Union Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges TRACECA Armenia is also an observer member of the Community of Democratic Choice , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organization of American States , the Arab League , and a dialogue partner in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation . Eduard Nalbandyan serves as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4383ea7e18115738af697366f725f8f8", "text": "Badzhgard The Badzhgard land or Bashkurd country - it mean Historical Bashkortostan , Historical Bashkiria , historical and geographical area in Volga and Ural , inhabited by the Bashkirs . At present , the territory is located Republic of Bashkortostan , Orenburg and Chelyabinsk oblast , the eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan , the south-eastern part of Udmurtia , the southern part of the Perm Krai , the south-western part of the Sverdlovsk oblast , the western part of the Kurgan , the north-eastern part of Samara , the eastern part of the Saratov regions . The historical , ethnographic , linguistic and other studies to refer to the territory in which at different periods of history settled different Bashkir tribes . And synonymous and are older versions of the names of this territory : Bashgurd , Bashgird , Bashgird , Baskardiya , Bashgird , Fiyafi Bashkyrt/Barrens Bashkyrt , country Bashkir , country Bastarks , Bashkyrd , Bashdzhard , Bashkiria , Pascatir , Bashirdi etc. . The reference area titled `` Bashgurd '' is found in the Fazalallah Rashid ad-Din ( 14th century ) , `` Oghuz-name '' . The most widespread Slavic name - Bashkiria , which is used in official documents , historical works , literary works , etc. . The concept of `` historical Bashkortostan '' relates the concept of Greater Hungary ( Major Hungaria , Magna Hungaria ) - hypothetical homeland of ancient Hungarians - Magyars , referred to the 13th century Franciscan monk Giovanni da Plano Carpini in the statement of his journey . Her search takes 1230 years of the Hungarian Dominicans , most famous of which Friar Julian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c471cda4652208b2b181e7413c5eb179", "text": "Islam in Georgia (country) Islam in Georgia was introduced in 654 when an army sent by the Third Caliph of Islam , Uthman , conquered Eastern Georgia and established Muslim rule in Tbilisi . Currently , Muslims constitute approximately 9.9 % of the Georgian population . According to other sources , Muslims constitute 10-13 % of Georgia 's population . In July 2011 , Parliament of Georgia passed new law allowing religious minority groups with `` historic ties to Georgia '' to register . The draft of the law specifically mentions Islam and four other religious communities . Mosques in Georgia operate under the supervision of the Georgian Muslim Department , established in May 2011 . Until then the affairs of Georgia 's Muslims had been governed from abroad by the Baku-based Caucasus Muslims Department . In 2010 , Turkey and Georgia signed an agreement by which Turkey will provide funding and expertise to rehabilitate three mosques and to rebuild a fourth one in Georgia . While Georgia will rehabilitate four Georgian monasteries in Turkey . The Georgia-Turkey agreement will allow the reconstruction of the historical Azize mosque in Batumi , Ajaria demolished in the middle of the last century . Turkey will rehabilitate the mosques at Samtskhe-Javakheti and Akhaltsikhe regions , Kobuleti District , build the Azize mosque burned down in 1940 and restore the Turkish bathhouse in Batumi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76300dedc13c9dcb1760d3e0e2a78c42", "text": "Communications in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Communications in the Nagorno Karabakh refers to telephone , satellite and other communication services and regulations in the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , that is internationally recognized as de jure part of Azerbaijan . The leading Telecommunications operator of the Nagorno Karabakh is Karabakh Telecom , and the telecommunications sector was developed with Karabakh Telecom investing millions of dollars in mobile telephony , spearheaded by a Lebanese company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40bbdd0a96c2d3975460a065c94a82a6", "text": "Albanopolis, Armenia Albanopolis was a city , probably in the Caucasus , famed in Christian myth as being the place at which the apostle Bartholomew was crucified . In Lives of the Saints , 18th-century hagiographer Alban Butler says The popular traditions concerning St Bartholomew are summed up in the Roman Martyrology , which says he `` preached the gospel of Christ in India ; thence he went into Greater Armenia , and when he had converted many people there to the faith he was flayed alive by the barbarians , and by command of King Astyages fulfilled his martyrdom '' . However , Butler himself cautions about taking the geographical clues too literally . He points out that `` India '' was a name applied indifferently by Greek and Latin writers to Arabia , Ethiopia , Libya , Parthia , Persia and the lands of the Medes . Similarly the term Greater Armenia was used rather loosely by medieval writers to denote almost anywhere in the region between Eastern Anatolia , the Black Sea and the Caspian . Nonetheless , at least three locations have been proposed as possible sites of Albanopolis : Derbend in Dagestan , Albyrak/Albac near Başkale in the then Armenian region of what is now eastern Turkey , and Baku , Azerbaijan . The latter has a certain ring of truth given that the area of today 's Azerbaijan was historically known as Albania but no conclusive evidence has been found of any such theory . Butler is also sceptical of the Albyrak suggestion stating while the assertion that Batholomew preached and died in Armenia is possible , and is a unanimous tradition among the later historians of that country ; ... earlier Armenian writers make little or no reference to him as connected with their nation . Thus although a very holy Armenian Monastery guarded what was believed to be Bartholomew 's tomb on the site , this was probably a later idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c91555a917f47841908692aa27f79400", "text": "Economy of Armenia The economy of Armenia is ranked 132nd in the world , with a nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) of $ 10.561 billion per annum . It is also the 129th largest in the world by purchasing power parity ( PPP ) , at $ 25.329 billion per annum . Armenia is the second-most densely populated of the post-Soviet states because of its small size . It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea , bordered on the north and east by Georgia and Azerbaijan and on the south and west by Iran and Turkey . Until independence , Armenia 's economy was based largely on industry -- chemicals , electronic products , machinery , processed food , synthetic rubber and textiles ; it was highly dependent on outside resources . Agriculture accounted for only 20 % of net material product and 10 % of employment before the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Armenian mines produce copper , zinc , gold and lead . The vast majority of energy is produced with imported fuel , including gas and nuclear fuel from Russia ( for its one nuclear power plant . ) The main domestic energy source is hydroelectric . Small amounts of coal , gas and petroleum have not yet been developed . Like other former states , Armenia 's economy suffers from the legacy of a centrally planned economy and the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns . Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared , so that few major enterprises are still able to function . In addition , the effects of the 1988 earthquake , which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless , are still being felt . Although a cease-fire has held since 1994 , the conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved . The consequent blockade along both the Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy , because of Armenia 's dependence on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials . Land routes through Azerbaijan and Turkey are closed ; routes through Georgia and Iran are adequate and reliable . In 1992-93 , the GDP had fallen nearly 60 % from its 1989 level . The national currency , the dram , suffered hyperinflation for the first few years after its introduction in 1993 . Armenia has registered strong economic growth since 1995 and inflation has been negligible for the past several years . New sectors , such as precious stone processing and jewelry making and communication technology ( primarily Armentel , which is left from the USSR era and is owned by external investors ) . This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions . The International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , World Bank , EBRD , as well as other international financial institutions ( IFIs ) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans . Total loans extended to Armenia since 1993 exceed $ 800 million . These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit , stabilizing the local currency ; developing private businesses ; energy ; the agriculture , food processing , transportation , and health and education sectors ; and ongoing rehabilitation work in the earthquake zone . Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management , including increasing revenue collection , improving the investment climate , and accelerating privatization . A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994 , and a law on privatization was adopted in 1997 , as well as a program on state property privatization . The government has made major strides toward joining the World Trade Organization . By 1994 , however , the Armenian government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic liberalization program that resulted in positive growth rates in 1995-2005 . Armenia joined the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) in January 2003 . Armenia also has managed to slash inflation , stabilize its currency , and privatize most small - and medium-sized enterprises . Armenia 's unemployment rate , however , remains high , despite strong economic growth . The chronic energy shortages Armenia suffered in the early and mid-1990s have been offset by the energy supplied by one of its nuclear power plants at Metsamor . Armenia is now a net energy exporter , although it does not have sufficient generating capacity to replace Metsamor , which is under international pressure to close . The electricity distribution system was privatized in 2002 . Armenia 's severe trade imbalance has been offset somewhat by international aid , remittances from Armenians working abroad , and foreign direct investment . Economic ties with Russia remain close , especially in the energy sector . The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years , but anti-corruption measures have been more difficult to implement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc40704f4fc175bb1c1aba61561fd580", "text": "LGBT rights in Armenia Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Armenia are not legislated in both the legal and social spheres . Homosexuality has been legal in Armenia since 2003 . However , even though it has been decriminalized , the situation of local lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) citizens has not changed substantially . Many LGBT Armenians fear being socially outcast by their friends and families , causing them to keep their sexual orientation or gender identity private . Recently , the LGBT community in Armenia has become better connected due to social media , although a sense of fear and a desire for anonymity remains due to the nation 's conservative culture . Homosexuality remains a taboo topic in many parts of Armenian society . In a 2012 study , 55 % of correspondents in Armenian stated that they would cease their relationship with a friend or relative if they were to come out as gay . Furthermore , this study found that 70 % of Armenians find LGBT people to be `` strange . '' There is , moreover , no legal protection for LGBT persons whose human rights are violated regularly . Armenia has been ranked 47th out of 49 European countries for LGBT rights , with Russia and neighboring Azerbaijan taking the 48th and 49th positions , respectively . The younger generation of Armenians still remain very unknowledgeable about many LGBT issues , likely attributed to the family culture where young people live at home until they reach the primary goal for many Armenians , heterosexual marriage . Many LGBT claim to fear violence in their workplace or from their family , and therefore , are said to not file complaints of claimed human rights violations or of criminal offences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f4eef197ef0fb7765a8d0739494424e", "text": "Iran crisis of 1946 The Iran crisis of 1946 , also known as the Iran-Azerbaijan Crisis ( Qaʾilih Âzarbâyjân , `` Azerbaijan crisis '' ) , followed the end of World War II and stemmed from the Soviet Union 's refusal to relinquish occupied Iranian territory , despite repeated assurances . In 1941 , Iran had been jointly invaded and occupied by the Allied powers of the Soviet Red Army in the north and by the British in the centre and south . Iran was used by the Americans and the British as a transportation route to provide vital supplies to the Soviet Union 's war efforts . As of August 1941 , the United States was a neutral nation and had not yet entered as a belligerent in World War II . Therefore , the bloc known as ` The Allies ' were principally ( with Poland and France occupied by Germany in 1939 and 1940 , respectively ) the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union , recently forming their alliance after the German invasion of territories of the Western Soviet Union in June 1941 . In the aftermath of the occupation of Iran , those Allied forces agreed to withdraw from Iran within six months after the cessation of hostilities . However , when this deadline came in early 1946 , the Soviets , under Joseph Stalin , remained in Iran and local pro-Soviet Iranians proclaimed a separatist People 's Republic of Azerbaijan . In late 1945 , in addition to the People 's Republic of Azerbaijan , the Republic of Mahabad also came into existence . Soon , the alliance of the Kurdish and People 's Azerbaijani forces , supported in arms and training by the Soviet Union , engaged in fighting with Iranian forces , resulting in a total of 2,000 casualties . Negotiation by Iranian premier Ahmad Qavam and diplomatic pressure on the Soviets by the United States eventually led to Soviet withdrawal . The crisis is seen as one of the early conflicts in the growing Cold War at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdb2782c3a2948e1dfb3a8171025bc2", "text": "Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features . Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8b0bbc3b809e8b6aa356a82f851cd39", "text": "Azerbaijan University Azerbaijan University ( Azərbaycan Universiteti ) is a private university located in Baku , Azerbaijan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32753a14536796f60f91dc0d03b03563", "text": "Qabala Gabala ( Qəbələ , Гәбәлә , قبه له ; Кьвепеле , Q̇wepele , قوه په له ) , also known as Qabala , is a city in Azerbaijan and the capital of the Qabala Rayon . The municipality consists of the city of Gabala and the village of Küsnat . Before 1991 the city was known as Kutkashen , but after Azerbaijan 's independence the town was renamed in honour of the much older city of Gabala , the former capital of Caucasian Albania , the archaeological site of which is about 20 km southwest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d83401d8ad95d97bb5a33a116b27c8a3", "text": "Baku State Circus Baku State Circus ( Bakı Dövlət Sirki ) - is the main arena circus of Baku , capital of Azerbaijan . In 1945 , a collective of Azerbaijani circus was organized in the Azerbaijan SSR , it included estrade actors , who performed tricks in the circus and amateur participants with artistic skills . Famous Azerbaijani composers , poets , ballet masters and artists worked along with the collective of the circus . Starting from 1946 , troupe of Baku Circus had regular tours in cities of the USSR , the collective performed programs `` We are from Baku '' and `` Dawn over the Rock '' . Besides the USSR they had tours in Southern Europe , Asia , Africa and the United States . In 1967 , a new building of Baku Circus equipped with necessary equipment for full operation of the circus was built according to architects E. Ismayilov and F. Leontyev 's project . There are 2000 seats in the new building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28958207c24e642ce67cd15a813ff90a", "text": "State awards of the Azerbaijani Republic State awards of the Azerbaijani Republic include the orders , decorations , and medals . The following is a list of these awards of Azerbaijan .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4fa560fd1c4b8d415eb982112dd777f3", "text": "Leonardo DiCaprio Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio ( -LSB- dᵻˈkæpri.oʊ -RSB- born November 11 , 1974 ) is an American actor , film producer , and environmental activist . DiCaprio began his career by appearing in television commercials in the early 1990s , after which he had recurring roles in various television series such as the soap opera Santa Barbara and the sitcom Growing Pains . He began his film career by starring as Josh in Critters 3 ( 1991 ) . He starred in the film adaptation of the memoir This Boy 's Life ( 1993 ) , and was praised for his supporting role in What 's Eating Gilbert Grape ( 1993 ) . He gained public recognition with leading roles in The Basketball Diaries ( 1995 ) and the romantic drama Romeo + Juliet ( 1996 ) , before achieving international fame with James Cameron 's epic romance Titanic ( 1997 ) , which became the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron 's science fiction film Avatar ( 2009 ) overtook it . Since 2000 , DiCaprio has received critical acclaim for his work in a wide range of film genres . DiCaprio 's subsequent films include The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1998 ) , the biographical crime drama Catch Me If You Can ( 2002 ) , and the epic historical drama Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) , which marked his first of many collaborations with director Martin Scorsese . He was acclaimed for his performances in the political war thriller Blood Diamond ( 2006 ) , the neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) , the espionage thriller Body of Lies ( 2008 ) , the drama Revolutionary Road ( 2008 ) , the psychological thriller Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , the biographical film J. Edgar ( 2011 ) , the western Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , and the period drama The Great Gatsby ( 2013 ) . DiCaprio 's portrayals of Howard Hughes in The Aviator ( 2004 ) and Hugh Glass in The Revenant ( 2015 ) won him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and his role as Jordan Belfort in The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) won him the award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . He also won his first Academy Award and BAFTA Award for his performance in The Revenant . DiCaprio is the founder of his own production company , Appian Way Productions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "90ae2839ca9b2391f8e890f68edb5797", "text": "La Ciénaga (film) La Ciénaga ( -LSB- la ˈsjenaɣa -RSB- The Swamp ) is a 2001 Argentine , Spanish , and French film , written and directed by Lucrecia Martel . The film was executive produced by Ana Aizenberg , Diego Guebel , Mario Pergolini , and produced by Lita Stantic . The picture features Graciela Borges , Mercedes Morán , Martín Adjemián , Daniel Valenzuela , among others . The picture is set in the high plains of northwestern Argentina and portrays the life of a self-pitying Argentine bourgeois family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a43caeaa31fc11b358f88a47824490a3", "text": "You're the One (2000 film) You 're the One ( Una historia de entonces ) is a 2000 Spanish film directed by Jose Luis Garci . It was Spain 's submission to the 73rd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53080f63ca09a2abc024b8fad39363d2", "text": "Melissa P. (film) Melissa P. is a 2005 erotic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino . It is based on Melissa Panarello 's semi-autobiographical diary novel , 100 colpi di spazzola prima di andare a dormire ( One Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed ) which focuses on the narrator 's teenage sex life . María Valverde stars as the protagonist , alongside Geraldine Chaplin in the Italian-Spanish production . The film was released on 18 November 2005 in Italy , where it topped the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e013ee69c2cc3cfdbeadc3a1942a3ec", "text": "Leonardo the Musical: A Portrait of Love Leonardo the Musical : A Portrait of Love is a musical with a book by Greg Moeller and Russell Dunlop and music by Greg Moeller and lyrics by Tommy Moeller . The 1993 West End production is considered one of the biggest disasters in the history of London theatre but had rave reviews in Oxford . The management changed the original music and scripts after Oxford shows . The project , a highly fictionalized account of Leonardo da Vinci 's creation of the Mona Lisa , was the brainchild of Duke Minks , an advisor to the Republic of Nauru and former road manager for the 1960s pop group , Unit 4 + 2 . He convinced government officials to invest # 2 million -- derived from profits earned from their major export , marine deposits rich in phosphates -- in the production , a fact later gleefully exploited by the critics in their scathing reviews . The rambling plot -- which started and ended with its protagonist on his deathbed , his completed masterpiece at his side -- centered on the struggling artist da Vinci 's commission to paint a young woman named Lisa , betrothed to nobleman Francesco Del Giocondo . The artist and his model engage in a passionate affair resulting in her pregnancy , and she returns to her fiancé , pretending the child is his to avoid public scandal and his private wrath . Eventually she returns to beg for forgiveness from the now successful da Vinci , who accidentally is murdered by her husband when he confronts the two in a jealous rage . A subplot hinting at da Vinci 's homosexuality involved his close friendship with his young assistant , a painter named Melzi . The production , plagued by problems with sets , costumes , and -- most significantly -- the script throughout its development , opened at the Strand Theatre on June 3 , 1993 . By the time the performance ended , nearly four hours after the curtain first rose , most of the audience had departed . A victim of critical disdain and audience indifference , the show closed five weeks later on July 10 . The cast included Paul Collis , Jane Arden , James Barron , and Hal Fowler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41827a48c706cbeee404cad925699faa", "text": "Casanova (2005 film) Casanova is a 2005 American romantic film directed by Lasse Hallström starring Heath Ledger and loosely based on the life of Giacomo Casanova .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffea15bd326b8cb11025a9cb52d7d874", "text": "False Servant False Servant ( La Fausse Suivante ) is a 2000 French comedy-drama film directed by Benoît Jacquot and starring Isabelle Huppert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb9319346ab976b015597e1f60d50995", "text": "Nuts for Love Nuts for Love ( Nueces para el amor ) is a 2000 Argentine drama film directed by Alberto Lecchi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334f9a96977f12fdd948cd89f07e21c1", "text": "Luckytown Luckytown is a 2000 film starring Kirsten Dunst , Vincent Kartheiser , Luis Guzmán , and James Caan . The film was written by Brendan Beseth , and produced and directed by Paul Nicolas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d39929eee9e6ef8769a9e548845cf239", "text": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape What 's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp , Juliette Lewis , Darlene Cates and Leonardo DiCaprio . The film follows 24-year-old Gilbert ( Depp ) , a grocery store clerk caring for his morbidly obese mother and mentally impaired younger brother in a sleepy Midwestern town . Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay , adapted from his 1991 novel of the same name . The film was well-received ; DiCaprio received his first Academy Award nomination for his role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b04598c503ea51a101329264ce173a7", "text": "Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor The Nastro d'Argento ( Silver Ribbon ) is a film award assigned each year , since 1946 , by Sindacato Nazionale dei Giornalisti Cinematografici Italiani ( `` Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists '' ) , the association of Italian film critics . This is the list of Nastro d'Argento awards for Best Actor . Marcello Mastroianni is the record holder with seven Nastro d'Argento awards for Best Actor received from 1955 to 1991 , followed by Vittorio Gassman and Nino Manfredi , both four times winners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b63ac3f20e4c917d6e3379f129d43c59", "text": "Mission: Impossible 2 Mission : Impossible 2 ( stylized as M : I-2 ) is a 2000 American action spy film directed by John Woo and starring Tom Cruise , who also served as the film 's producer . It is the second installment in the Mission : Impossible film series . In the film , Ethan Hunt is recruited by the Impossible Missions Force ( IMF ) to find and destroy a dangerous biological weapon called `` Chimera '' from a rogue IMF agent named Sean Ambrose with the help of his new girlfriend , Nyah Nordoff-Hall . . Mission : Impossible 2 was released in theaters worldwide on May 24 , 2000 . It grossed more than $ 546.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing film of 2000 . But the critical response was mixed ; praise was directed at Tom Cruise 's performance and the action sequences , but the plot and dialogue were criticized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca06b9fbb3e10e86806a3bd8d5df284a", "text": "Crime Scenes Crime Scenes ( Scènes de crimes ) is a 2000 French crime film directed by Frédéric Schoendoerffer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e505ce08107a4dd04fb27d9bc65582d", "text": "Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges . Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad7dba2a460762454142215e52963a3b", "text": "Whipped (film) Whipped is a 2000 comedy film directed by Peter M. Cohen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "411fc6a352af48f823d11e2e31980532", "text": "Music journalism Music journalism ( or `` music criticism '' ) is media criticism and reporting about popular music topics , including pop music , rock music , and related styles . Journalists began writing about music in the eighteenth century , providing commentary on what is now thought of as classical music . In the 2000s , a more prominent branch of music journalism is an aspect of entertainment journalism , covering popular music and including profiles of singers and bands , live concert , and album reviews .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "938fb4b93d3928ed2d97fbecce4c5cb6", "text": "List of North American folk music traditions This is a list of folk music traditions , with styles , dances , instruments and other related topics . The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner ; it is used with widely varying definitions depending on the author , intended audience and context within a work . Similarly , the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria . Music scholars , journalists , audiences , record industry individuals , politicians , nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial , geographic , linguistic , religious , tribal or ethnic lines , and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a `` folk music tradition '' . This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream , primarily English-language , scholarly sources , as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works . These traditions may coincide entirely , partially or not at all with geographic , political , linguistic or cultural boundaries . Very few , if any , music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples ; thus , the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "586f4851a9a4e53ebfdd7743f78da027", "text": "Guitar technician A guitar technician ( or ` guitar tech ' ) is a member of a music ensemble 's road crew who maintains and sets up the musical equipment for one or more guitarists . Depending on the type and size of band , the guitar tech may be responsible for stringing , tuning , and adjusting electric guitars and acoustic guitars , and maintaining and setting up guitar amplifiers and other related electronic equipment such as effect pedals . Once the guitar equipment has been set up onstage , the guitar tech does a soundcheck to ensure that the equipment is working well . If there are any problems , the guitar tech replaces or repairs the faulty components or equipment . Since guitar techs need to soundcheck the instruments and amplifiers , they must have basic guitar-playing skills , a musical `` ear '' for tuning , and a familiarity with the way guitars , amplifiers , and effect pedals are supposed to sound in the style of music of their band . Guitar techs learn their craft either `` on the job '' , by working in a range of music , sound engineering , and instrument repair jobs ; by completing a guitar repair program at a college or lutherie school ; or from a combination of these two routes . The salaries and conditions of work for guitar techs vary widely , depending on whether a guitar tech is working for a minor or regional touring bar band or a major international touring act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09cf64e91eb7718d47584a6ac3b46ddd", "text": "Blues & Soul Blues & Soul is a British music magazine covering black music . Genres covered include soul , R&B , jazz , hip hop , reggae and world music . Under its initial title , Home of the Blues , it was launched in May 1966 and is known for first using the term `` Northern soul '' . The music journalism archive Rock 's Backpages describes Blues & Soul as `` a pioneering British music magazine '' and `` the longest running publication devoted to black music in the world '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c51b4974c5b6bbf923243c3b2deea439", "text": "Critical Metrics Critical Metrics was a web-based music recommendation service . Unlike user-driven sites like The Hype Machine and Pandora , Critical Metrics featured only expert-generated content . Aggregating reviews and playlists from over 150 publications , both print and online , the site also encompassed historical sources . The site then ranked the songs mathematically , based on the information gathered . With a methodology based in the fields of bibliometrics and sentiment analysis , Critical Metrics quantified these positive citations and sentiments into indices for media playlisting and consumption . Streaming audio and YouTube videos were presented with the original recommendations , along with the option to purchase via iTunes or other online retailers . When the site was launched in April 2007 , it hosted the streaming music itself . A licensing arrangement with Rhapsody removed the free music , but allowed unlimited listening and playlist-building for Rhapsody subscribers . Critical Metrics was founded by Joey Anuff , the co-founder of Suck.com and a former VH1 executive . The site was praised by Boing Boing , The Wall Street Journal , and Business Week . Los Angeles Times senior music critic Ann Powers referred to the site as her `` favorite snobby top 40 station '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b860ebfbe2826c255c0ce5f24864d29", "text": "Arts journalism Arts journalism is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts , including but is not limited to the visual arts , film , literature , music , theater , and architecture . Traditionally , journalists and critics writing about the arts have a background in writing and the arts ; apart from baccalaureate studies in literary criticism , the humanities , and art history , there is no other formal advanced journalistic training in this field . For instance , an art magazine is a publication whose main topic is art , contributed to by people from the practice of artmaking , curating , critical theory , or teaching , among other functions , whether they be institution-based , academe-based or independent and self-taught . Such a magazine can be in print form , online , or both , and may be aimed at different audiences , including galleries , buyers , amateur or professional artists and the general public . In short , art magazines can be either trade or consumer magazines or both . There are also radio and TV features covering art topics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35b72dd69ebd23e219706cc084e033d2", "text": "Television criticism Television criticism is the act of writing or speaking about television programming with a view to evaluating its worth , meaning and other aspects . Such criticism can be found in daily newspapers , on culture discussion shows ( on TV and radio ) , and in specialist books and periodicals , all of which are in direct competition for audience from television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "236f16fa6a4b6b8146e499a7a4798925", "text": "American Musical Instrument Society The American Musical Instrument Society ( AMIS ) was formed in 1971 `` to promote study of the history , design , and use of musical instruments in all cultures and from all periods '' ( the branch of musicology known as organology ) . Based in the United States , it publishes a journal and a newsletter , holds annual conferences ( occasionally in conjunction with the Galpin Society ) , maintains an active website and e-mail forum , and presents five awards . The society 's international membership includes collectors , curators , historians , performers , instrument makers , conservators , restorers , dealers , teachers , and students . The Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society , ( ISSN 0362-3300 ) published annually , contains three to six articles , generously illustrated , on a wide range of subjects ; book reviews ; a list of recent publications about musical instruments ; and notices and advertisements . Articles published have been reviewed by expert members of the journal 's editorial board . Copies of the journal are available in institutional libraries on four continents ; its contents may be accessed on ProQuest , an online source . An index to back issues is available at the AMIS website . The Newsletter of the American Musical Instrument Society , published twice a year , contains official notices and news of the society 's activities ; short articles , reviews and communications ; recent acquisition lists from member institutions ; news of members , and classified ads . Current and recent issues are archived on the AMIS web site . AMIS-L is a Listserv e-mail forum for AMIS members and designated others . It was established following the international joint conference of AMIS , the Galpin Society , and CIMCIM at the National Music Museum in Vermillion , South Dakota , in May 2006 , to facilitate continuing informal communications among members . The Curt Sachs Award , named for a founder of the modern systematic study of musical instruments , is given for lifetime contributions to the goals of the society . The recipient is invited to address members of AMIS at the society 's annual meeting . Past recipients of this and other awards are listed on the society 's web site . In 2008 William Waterhouse received the award posthumously . The Nicholas Bessaraboff Prize , named for the scholar who helped lay the foundations of modern organology with his monumental catalog Ancient European Musical Instruments , is awarded for best book-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1989 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award . The Frances Densmore Prize , named for the pioneering ethnographer who recorded musical practices of Native Americans on hundreds of wax cylinders and in important books , is awarded for the most significant article-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1988 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award . The Frederick Selch Award , named for an important collector of American musical instruments who was a founding member and second president of AMIS , was established in 2004 to honor the best student paper presented at an annual meeting of AMIS . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 250 , is awarded at the discretion of a committee appointed by the AMIS president . The William E. Gribbon Memorial Award , named for a woodwind collector and longtime AMIS member , was established in 1989 to encourage and enable students to attend the annual meetings of AMIS . The award consists of a student membership in AMIS for one year and substantial financial support for travel and lodging . Applicants must be aged thirty-five years or under , be enrolled as full-time undergraduate or graduate students in accredited academic programs , and have career interests that relate to the purposes of AMIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e9bfb44a820703584248e3ccb07cf08", "text": "Music for Robots (website) Music For Robots is a mp3 blog written and curated by a collective of friends who originally met at Bates College , who founded the website in April 2004 . The blog made history in 2004 when it hosted a song by the band The Secret Machines provided to them by Warner Bros. . Records , signaling the first time a major label had deliberately encouraged a blog to post an mp3 by one of its artists . The site gained greater notoriety later that year when MTV aired a news feature about the site and one of their discoveries , a band of teenagers from Brooklyn called Hysterics . In 2005 , the `` robots '' branched out , dipping their toes in concert promotion and releasing a compilation CD titled Music For Robots , Vol . 1 , which included music from Hysterics , Avenue D , Death from Above 1979 , Stratageme , and Daedelus . Music ( For Robots ) are well known for their diverse , comprehensive musical tastes and willingness to cooperate with the record industry , and only post music with permission of the artist and/or label . Music ( For Robots ) has been featured by many publications and programs in the mainstream media including Wired magazine , The New York Times , Rolling Stone , Spin , NPR , the Fresno Bee , The Guardian , The Philadelphia Inquirer , Entertainment Weekly , and was the first MP3 Blog to be featured in primetime TV during MTV 's TRL program in early 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bba1d68b8f80cddaddeb5a3b8008fa13", "text": "Grooves (magazine) Grooves is an American electronic music magazine founded in 1999 by editor Sean Portnoy , initially concentrating on the then-burgeoning IDM music genre and expanding to its more experimental , abstract offshoots , such as microsound , microhouse and glitch , eventually encompassing a global view of musicians and cross-cultural influences that is reflected in coverage of jungle , two-step , avant rap , broken beat and other offbeat new music . The headquarters is in San Francisco . Early issues contained a vast range of full-length album and 12 '' single/EP reviews ; later issues added new media release types , including reviews of books and DVD-based documentary and music video film releases . Additionally , each issue contained several artist interviews and label profiles , evaluations of new and offbeat digital and analog hardware and software tools for making electronic music , and coverage of live performances and festivals throughout the United States , Canada , South America and Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33ff682d7ccc1a3b306fc8ca88587e8", "text": "Demo (music) A demo ( from `` demonstration '' ) is a song or group of songs recorded for limited circulation or reference use rather than for general public release . A demo is a way for a musician to approximate their ideas in a fixed format , such as cassette tape , compact disc , or digital audio files , and to thereby pass along those ideas to record labels , record producers , or to other artists . Musicians often use demos as quick sketches to share with bandmates or arrangers or simply for personal reference during the songwriting process ; in other cases a songwriter might make a demo to send to artists in hopes of having the song professionally recorded , or a music publisher may need a simple recording for publishing or copyright purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9290bd2c09c49fad40889922836454cf", "text": "Music store A music store or musical instrument store is a retail business that sells musical instruments and related equipment and accessories . In United States and Canada , most music stores in the 2010s sell a range of electric instruments ( e.g. , electric guitars ) , instrument amplifiers ( e.g. , guitar amplifiers ) ; electronic instruments ( e.g. , synthesizers ) ; drum kits ( including drums , cymbals and percussion instruments ) and acoustic classical , concert band and jazz musical instruments such as saxophones , trumpets and violins . In addition , stores typically sell ( and sometimes rent ) the sound reinforcement system and PA system gear used in live concert performances and the sound recording equipment used to record music , such as microphones and digital recorders . In the 2010s , music stores can be `` bricks and mortar '' stores ( either individual small businesses or chain stores , which may be a regional or national chain ) ; online musical instrument stores , which consist of a website describing the merchandise , various online payment systems , and shipping or delivery systems ; or hybrid stores that have both `` bricks and mortar '' stores and an online store . Some `` bricks and mortar '' music stores also provide services for a fee , such as music lessons , musical instrument repair and guitar amplifier repair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7db6b3212b8bd8f7832292cf67ee54", "text": "Audio mining Audio mining is a technique by which the content of an audio signal can be automatically analysed and searched . It is most commonly used in the field of automatic speech recognition , where the analysis tries to identify any speech within the audio . The audio will typically be processed by a speech recognition system in order to identify word or phoneme units that are likely to occur in the spoken content . This information may either be used immediately in pre-defined searches for keywords or phrases ( a real-time `` word spotting '' system ) , or the output of the speech recogniser may be stored in an index file . One or more audio mining index files can then be loaded at a later date in order to run searches for keywords or phrases . The results of a search will normally be in terms of hits , which are regions within files that are good matches for the chosen keywords . The user may then be able to listen to the audio corresponding to these hits in order to verify if a correct match was found . Audio mining systems used in the field of speech recognition are often divided into two groups : those that use Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognisers ( LVCSR ) and those that use phonetic recognition . Musical audio mining ( also known as music information retrieval ) relates to the identification of perceptually important characteristics of a piece of music such as melodic , harmonic or rhythmic structure . Searches can then be carried out to find pieces of music that are similar in terms of their melodic , harmonic and/or rhythmic characteristics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba7fcee899c32055c1d778d1ce3a0506", "text": "Impressionism in music Impressionism in music was a movement among various composers in Western classical music , mainly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries , whose music focuses on suggestion and atmosphere , `` conveying the moods and emotions aroused by the subject rather than a detailed tone‐picture '' . `` Impressionism '' is a philosophical and aesthetic term borrowed from late 19th century French painting after Monet 's Impression , Sunrise . Composers were labeled impressionists by analogy to the impressionist painters who use starkly contrasting colors , effect of light on an object blurry foreground and background , flattening perspective to make us focus our attention on the overall impression . The most prominent in musical impressionism is the use of `` color '' , or in musical term , timbre , which can be achieved through orchestration , harmonic usage , texture , etc. . Other elements of music impressionism also involve new chord combinations , ambiguous tonality , extended harmonies , use of modes and exotic scales , parallel motions , extra-musicality , and evocative titles such as Reflets dans l'eau ( Reflections on the water , 1905 ) , Brouillards ( Mists , 1913 ) etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e703b4e450e3bd52d9e409ecba6719d", "text": "International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music The International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music ( EMDoku ) is an extensive online database , which contains detailed information on over 33000 works , 7000 authors as well as media ( CD , DVD , tape , etc. ) , labels and studios . Electroacoustic music is understood as an umbrella term for tape music , acousmatic music , electronic music , musique concrète , field recordings , computer music , radio art , sound art , sound installations , live electronics etc. , and includes performances and venues such as concert hall , radio , film , installation , media and internet . The EMDoku is available in three forms on the internet : as a static HTML site ( German , English , French , Spanish , Russian ) as a relational database with web interface as a relational database over a TCP/IP-based network sharing In addition to music and media science research , the documentation is intended to enable historically informed performance practice and interpretation research . It is considered as an `` essential initiative '' for the preservation of electroacoustic music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edec76870b999dbecd20d48f92e2af31", "text": "Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings . Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes . In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "543600bb003fa7e32dc8135a57ec9655", "text": "Blues News Blues News is a bi-monthly Finnish blues and roots music magazine .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fee2f35fca096ad96a46e3b8e0e70f8d", "text": "The Ren & Stimpy Show The Ren & Stimpy Show , often simply called Ren & Stimpy , is an American children 's / adult animated television series created by John Kricfalusi for Nickelodeon . The series follows the adventures of title characters Ren , an emotionally unstable chihuahua , and Stimpy , a good-natured , dimwitted cat . It premiered on August 11 , 1991 as one of the original three Nicktoons , along with Rugrats and Doug . Throughout its run , the show was controversial for its off-color humor , sexual innuendo , dark humor , adult jokes , and violence , similar to Rocko 's Modern Life . This controversy contributed to the production staff 's altercations with Nickelodeon 's Standards and Practices department . The show ended on December 16 , 1995 , with a total of five seasons and 52 episodes . Ren & Stimpy received mixed to very positive reviews during its original run then later widespread critical acclaim after its run , and has developed a cult following . The series is often cited as paving the way for animated shows like Beavis and Butt-Head and South Park . A spin-off for adult audiences , Ren & Stimpy `` Adult Party Cartoon '' , aired in 2003 on Spike , but was cancelled soon after its debut .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8255e8161ec9033b653ed5308e84988", "text": "Schoolhouse Rock! Schoolhouse Rock ! is an American interstitial programming series of animated musical educational short films ( and later , videos ) that aired during the Saturday morning children 's programming on the U.S. television network ABC . The topics covered included grammar , science , economics , history , mathematics , and civics . The series ' original run lasted from 1973 to 1985 ; it was later revived with both old and new episodes airing from 1993 to 1999 . Additional episodes were produced in 2009 for direct-to-video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b2a5188d6098e6f9404d8f0f3d4aee", "text": "It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0171c71977fa42466c02d92975f0dde", "text": "Ron Hughart Ron Hughart is an American animation director . He has worked on several shows , including The Ren & Stimpy Show , Family Dog , Futurama and American Dad ! . He also worked on Ren & Stimpy as a layout supervisor and timing director . Hughart currently works on American Dad ! as co-supervising director with Brent Woods . During his work on Futurama , supervising director Rich Moore said that Ron had directed some of the best scenes of violence on the show . This was noted on the audio commentary of Raging Bender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "452e3937216e941d57585b90cf83f5ae", "text": "It's About Time! (Phineas and Ferb) `` It 's About Time ! '' is the twenty-first broadcast episode of the animated television series Phineas and Ferbs first season . It originally aired on Disney Channel on March 1 , 2008 . The episode concerns stepbrothers Phineas and Ferb fixing a time machine on display in a museum and using it to travel back to prehistoric times . Meanwhile , Perry the Platypus deals with being replaced with a panda bear as the nemesis of the mad scientist Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz . `` It 's About Time ! '' was written and directed by series co-creators Dan Povenmire , and storyboards were constructed by multiple artists in the show 's production staff . The writers purposely left the time machine available to the boys at the end of the episode in order to reuse it later in the series , which they did in the season 2 episode `` Phineas and Ferb 's Quantum Boogaloo . '' Critical reception was generally positive , and multiple reviewers applauded Perry and Doofenshmirtz 's relationship in the episode , which they noted was portrayed with possible homosexual subtext .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d7ec0f20ad751c06b1585c6b0a98f", "text": "Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears Disney 's Adventures of the Gummi Bears is a Disney animated television series that first aired in the United States from 1985 to 1991 . The series was the first animated production by Walt Disney Animation Television , and loosely inspired by the gummy bear candies ; Disney CEO Michael Eisner was struck with inspiration for the show when his son requested the candies one day . The series premiered on NBC on September 14 , 1985 , and aired there for four seasons . The series moved to ABC for one season from 1989 to 1990 ( airing alongside The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh as the Gummi Bears-Winnie the Pooh Hour ) , and concluded on September 6 , 1991 as part of the Disney Afternoon television syndication package . Of the series ' 65 shows , 30 were double-features , consisting of two 11-minute cartoons , thereby bringing the series total to 94 distinct episodes overall . The show is well-remembered for its theme music , written by Michael and Patty Silversher and creation of `` gummiberry juice '' which was a type of magic potion , granting abilities , which allowed them to bounce away from their hunters . The theme was memorably performed by Joseph Williams , son of composer John Williams and one-time lead singer of Toto . The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block , and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991 . In later years , it was shown on The Disney Channel ( from October 7 , 1991 to at least January 1997 ) , and later on Toon Disney , with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28 , 2001 . Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14 , 2006 featuring commentary from producers Eric Wong and Daniel Weinstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ad1f8ac6659baedd980505c7ba5ac61", "text": "The Tomfoolery Show The Tomfoolery Show is an American cartoon comedy television series made and first broadcast in 1970 , based on the works of Edward Lear . The animation was done at the Halas and Batchelor Studios in London and Stroud . Though the works of other writers were also used , notably Lewis Carroll and Ogden Nash , Lear 's works were the main source , and characters like the Yongy-Bonghy-Bo and the Umbrageous Umbrella Maker were all Lear creations . Other regular characters included the Enthusiastic Elephant , the Fizzgiggious Fish , and the Scroobious Snake . Some original material was also written based on characters created by Lear , although much of the material was a straight recital of poems and limericks or songs using Lear 's poems set to music . A recurring joke had a delivery boy running around trying to deliver a large plant and shouting ` Plant for Mrs Discobolus ! ' . Some of the gags were based on Abbott and Costello skits which involved one of the regular characters in troubling situations . A cooking lesson for a silly recipe was presented in each episode . The series was produced by Rankin/Bass , and Videocraft International , who also made the Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Frosty the Snowman television specials . The series was made in England , featuring the voices of Peter Hawkins , Bernard Spear , and the Maury Laws Singers . The series received mostly mixed and negative reviews for not using original material . The series was not renewed after one year on the air . Original air : September 12 , 1970 - September 4 , 1971", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dca4bf6e59e27566d80c2690a58d3f6c", "text": "30-Second Bunnies Theatre 30-Second Bunnies Theatre is a Flash cartoon series featuring films re-enacted by anthropomorphic animated bunnies in 30 seconds . The series is produced by Angry Alien Productions , the one-woman company of creator Jennifer Shiman . The series debuted in 2004 , when Shiman sought to create a humorous web series . She unveiled a version of The Exorcist , re-enacted by animated bunnies in 30 seconds . It received an overwhelmingly positive response online from a global audience , prompting Shiman to create more re-enactments . In 2005 , the `` bunny troupe '' was commissioned by Starz ! to make new shorts . Each Starz-commissioned re-enactment premiered on Starz on Demand before moving online . The series take on Star Wars was featured on CNN on April 16 , 2006 . Angry Alien Productions released a selection of the shorts on DVD on October 20 , 2009 . Previously , the Titanic short was included on that film 's 4-Disc Special Collector 's Edition DVD , released in 2005 . In 2007 , Crackle became a distributing partner . In 2008 , the site won two Webby Awards for Online Film and Video/Animation , as well as the People 's Voice award in that category . On June 13 , 2010 , Shiman announced on the 30-Second Bunnies Theatre Website that , after six years and 68 shorts , she was placing the series on hiatus to move on to other pursuits . The final short at the time was a re-enactment of the film Evil Dead II . As of October 2011 , Shiman completed three more re-enactments : Alfred Hitchcock 's The Birds , Freaks ( 1932 ) and Michael Dougherty 's Trick ' r Treat . Shiman teamed up with FEARnet in 2012 to make more horror movie shorts . The first season of shorts is complete , and the second season is in production as of September 16 , 2013 . In mid-March 2014 , Angry Alien Productions ventured into new bunny territory by re-enacting the life of Kevin Spacey ( with bunny voices by Kevin Spacey himself ) to celebrate the launch of his new website . In Spring 2015 the staff of Angry Alien Productions informed that they would indefinitely stop making re-enactments after Blade Runner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "290759ae97a636557d9eab7656bd06f4", "text": "D-TV D-TV is a series of music videos created by Walt Disney Productions in 1984 . Disney combined hit songs from the past with footage of vintage Disney animation , created in the style of MTV music videos , which inspired the name of this series . The videos were shown as filler material on the Disney Channel ( as the network did not air commercials at this time ) , as well as being the focus of television specials . Home video collections were also released on the VHS , Beta , CED Videodisc , and Laserdisc formats . After the first run of D-TV , in 1989 a second series was produced known as DTV ² . The show 's main title theme song is `` RPM '' from Larry Owens for the Network Music Library . D-TV ceased airing in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f5887b9c315cc78556224002b24f63", "text": "The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show is an animated television series produced by Ruby-Spears Productions from 1979 to 1981 ; it was shown right after Super Friends on the ABC Network . It featured various adventures of the DC Comics superhero Plastic Man . The show features many adventures in different segments : Plastic Man , Baby Plas , Plastic Family , Mighty Man and Yukk , Fangface and Fangpuss , and Rickety Rocket . The show was repackaged by Arlington Television into 130 half-hour episodes , and released into national , first-run-off-network daily syndication in 1984 . The Plastic Man Comedy Show was produced and directed by Steve Whiting and featured a live-action `` Plastic Man '' , played by Taylor Marks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddd2b07361be48f1204478257c76179e", "text": "List of The Ruff and Reddy Show episodes The Ruff and Reddy Show ( also known as Ruff and Reddy ) is an American animated television series created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera for NBC . The series follows the adventures of Ruff ( voiced by Don Messick ) , a straight and smart cat , and Reddy ( Daws Butler ) , a good-natured , brave dog . Ruff and Reddy was the first television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions ; it was presented by Screen Gems , the television arm of Columbia Pictures ( now Sony Pictures Television ) . Ruff and Reddy premiered in December 1957 and ran for fifty episodes until April 1960 , comprising three seasons . Hanna and Barbera created the series as the first of their fledgling television operation , first named H-B Enterprises . The `` buddy '' theme had previously been explored in their Tom and Jerry theatrical short subjects , although Ruff and Reddy lacks the element of the two being enemies . The series is notable as one of the earliest original animated television programs , and a pioneering use of limited animation techniques .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f7495330da11bc38d4ddb67339cb3d3", "text": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show is an American animated web television series that is produced by DreamWorks Animation and Jay Ward Productions . The series is based on the 1960s segments , called `` Peabody 's Improbable History '' , that aired as part of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show , and the 2014 film , Mr. Peabody & Sherman , which was also produced by DreamWorks Animation . The series premiered on October 9 , 2015 , on Netflix . The second season was released on March 18 , 2016 . The third season was released on October 21 , 2016 . The fourth season was released on April 21 , 2017 . The series is digitally hand-drawn , with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation . Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell , while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film . According to The Animation Guild , I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 , 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db52a86fc24dc98295463344031ee6b", "text": "The Yogi Bear Show The Yogi Bear Show is an animated television series about the misadventures of picnic basket stealing bear Yogi in Jellystone Park . The show debuted in syndication on January 30 , 1961 , and ran for 33 episodes until January 6 , 1962 , and included two segments , Snagglepuss and Yakky Doodle . The show had a two-year production run .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b4da06a3483480a329403e61e607944", "text": "Flop Starz `` Flop Starz '' is the first segment for the first official aired episode of the animated television series Phineas and Ferb . The episode was originally broadcast on Disney Channel on February 1 , 2008 . In the episode , Phineas and Ferb become one-hit wonders in the matter of a morning . This is much to the disappointment of Candace , who is trying out for super stardom on a competition show titled The Next American Pop Teen Idol Star ! Meanwhile , Doofenshmirtz converts his building into a giant robot to aid him in his attempt to conquer the tri-state area . The episode 's storyboard was written by Sherm Cohen and Antoine Guilbaud , though the story itself was made by the co-creators of the series . The song in the episode , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was the first song the series had and caused for Disney to want one in every episode . Despite the actual pilot being `` Rollercoaster , '' the episode was broadcast to premiere the series , so a majority of the series ' standard humor and plot devices had yet to be established ( e.g. Perry and Doofenshmirtz have no involvement in the removal of the boys ' evidence -LSB- mainly instigated by the boys themselves -RSB- and Candace 's busting attempts in the A-plot are limited to two ) . `` Flop Starz '' carried several references to the music industry and several genres ( the title itself is as well a spoof of the phrase `` pop stars '' ) , as well as to the talent competition American Idol . The episode was well received by critics and fans alike , gaining 23.5 million viewers in its premiere . The song featured , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was as well reviewed favorably by critics . `` Flop Starz '' has been featured in several pieces of merchandise , including a junior novelization by Lara Bergen in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01757044222d499fd05350e44fa587f0", "text": "The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d01ec3ef2688d85405c2a105ae103094", "text": "Toon-Us-In Toon-Us-In is a Korean animation studio that has animated episodes of The Ren and Stimpy Show , Captain Simian & the Space Monkeys , Watership Down : Home on the Down , some Peanuts specials , and Love Story of Juliet . In addition , they animated the main titles for Hey Arnold ! .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6de87f748de2c7232b78b65210668e25", "text": "A Wrinkle in Time A Wrinkle in Time is a science fantasy novel written by American writer Madeleine L'Engle , first published in 1963 , and in 1979 with illustrations by Leo and Diane Dillon . The book won a Newbery Medal , Sequoyah Book Award , and Lewis Carroll Shelf Award , and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award . It is the first book in L'Engle 's Time Quintet , which follows the Murry and O'Keefe families . The book was made into a film , A Wrinkle in Time , in 2003 , and another film , also called A Wrinkle in Time , is in production with a scheduled release of April 2018 . It has also been made into an opera , a graphic novel , and several plays .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "127620115336d4516552e80c7708f1b1", "text": "Business valuation Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner 's interest in a business . Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to affect a sale of a business . In addition to estimating the selling price of a business , the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation , divorce litigation , allocate business purchase price among business assets , establish a formula for estimating the value of partners ' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements , and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock , divorce litigation and estate contest . In some cases , the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "149fcb3d7b0512605816344d28076a11", "text": "Hard money loan A hard money loan is a specific type of asset-based loan financing through which a borrower receives funds secured by real property . Hard money loans are typically issued by private investors or companies . Interest rates are typically higher than conventional commercial or residential property loans , starting at 7.7 % , because of the higher risk and shorter duration of the loan . Most hard money loans are used for projects lasting from a few months to a few years . Hard money is similar to a bridge loan , which usually has similar criteria for lending as well as cost to the borrowers . The primary difference is that a bridge loan often refers to a commercial property or investment property that may be in transition and does not yet qualify for traditional financing , whereas hard money often refers to not only an asset-based loan with a high interest rate , but possibly a distressed financial situation , such as arrears on the existing mortgage , or where bankruptcy and foreclosure proceedings are occurring . Hard Money is a term that is used almost exclusively in the United States and Canada where these types of loans are most common . In commercial real estate , hard money developed as an alternative `` last resort '' for property owners seeking capital against the value of their holdings . The industry began in the late 1950s when the credit industry in the U.S. underwent drastic changes . From inception , the hard money field has always been formally unregulated by state or federal laws , although some restrictions on interest rates ( usury laws ) by state governments restrict the rates of hard money such that operations in several states , including Tennessee and Arkansas are virtually untenable for lending firms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2a737922a2ee4c783683b50f04d8d91", "text": "The Leisure Hour The Leisure Hour was a British general-interest periodical of the Victorian era which ran weekly from 1852 to 1905 . It was the most successful of several popular magazines published by the Religious Tract Society , which produced Christian literature for a wide audience . Each issue mixed multiple genres of fiction and factual stories , historical and topical . The magazine 's title referred to campaigns that had decreased work hours , giving workers extra leisure time . Until 1876 , it carried the subtitle `` A Family Journal of Instruction and Recreation '' ; after that , the subtitle changed to `` An illustrated magazine for home reading '' . Each issue cost one penny and comprised 16 pages . The layout typically included approximately six long articles , formatted in two columns per page , and five or six illustrations . The articles were a mix , including biographies , poetry , essays , and fiction . Each issue usually started with a piece of serialised fiction . The creation of the magazine was partly a response to non-religious popular magazines that the Religious Tract Society saw as delivering a `` pernicious '' morality to the working classes . The ethos of the magazine was guided by Sabbatarianism : the campaign to keep Sunday as a day of rest . It aimed to treat its diverse subjects `` in the light of Christian truth '' . Despite this , The Leisure Hour carried far fewer statements of Christian doctrine than the Society 's other publications . Compared to other popular magazines of the time , The Leisure Hour had a greater emphasis on fiction . Two days before the magazine 's launch in 1852 , a warehouse fire destroyed the first batch of The Leisure Hour , so replacement copies had to be printed . The magazine was edited by William Haig Miller until 1858 , James Macaulay from 1858 to 1895 , and William Stevens from 1895 to 1900 . Harold Copping was one of its illustrators . Authors were initially only credited by initials rather than by name , giving the writing a collective rather than individual authority , though naming of authors became more common from the 1870s onwards . In its jubilee issue , published in 1902 , the magazine identified 111 authors who had contributed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa", "text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a17b18db69e04fb08ba30edc1e0130d", "text": "Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) . Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor . Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a040a01a214f234fe1b6c49dc9c3aa5", "text": "Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items . Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) . The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere . Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee . Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 . In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world . Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "972d758e113d9d8d802856623f6a04e7", "text": "Private equity firm A private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout , venture capital , and growth capital . Often described as a financial sponsor , each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies . Typically , a private equity firm will raise pools of capital , or private equity funds that supply the equity contributions for these transactions . Private equity firms will receive a periodic management fee as well as a share in the profits earned ( carried interest ) from each private equity fund managed . Private equity firms , with their investors , will acquire a controlling or substantial minority position in a company and then look to maximize the value of that investment . Private equity firms generally receive a return on their investments through one of the following avenues : an initial public offering ( IPO ) -- shares of the company are offered to the public , typically providing a partial immediate realization to the financial sponsor as well as a public market into which it can later sell additional shares ; a merger or acquisition -- the company is sold for either cash or shares in another company ; a recapitalization -- cash is distributed to the shareholders ( in this case the financial sponsor ) and its private equity funds either from cash flow generated by the company or through raising debt or other securities to fund the distribution . Private equity firms characteristically make longer-hold investments in target industry sectors or specific investment areas where they have expertise . Private equity firms and investment funds should not be confused with hedge fund firms which typically make shorter-term investments in securities and other more liquid assets within an industry sector but with less direct influence or control over the operations of a specific company . Where private equity firms take on operational roles to manage risks and achieve growth through long term investments , hedge funds more frequently act as short-term traders of securities betting on both the up and down sides of a business or of an industry sector 's financial health .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a873c6353b26bf3c013972661bbb7a1", "text": "False economy In economics , a false economy is an action that saves money at the beginning but which , over a longer period of time , results in more money being spent or wasted than being saved . For example , it may be false economy if a city government decided to purchase the least expensive automobiles for use by city workers , as cheap automobiles have a record of needing more frequent repairs in the long term and the additional repair costs would eradicate any initial savings . Motivating factors on the part of the party engaging in false economies may be linked to the long-term involvement of this party . For example , a real estate developer who builds a condominium may turn the finished structure over to the ensuing condominium corporation which is run by its members once the last unit is sold and the building has passed a final inspection . Longevity of the components of the structure beyond the final turnover of the facility may not be a major motivating factor for the developer , meaning that the result of the application of false economies may be more detrimental to the end user , as opposed to the developer . Individuals may also practise false economy in their personal lives . A notable practitioner of false economy was King Frederick William I of Prussia , who was said by Thomas Macaulay to have saved five or six reichsthalers a year feeding his family unwholesome cabbages even though the poor diet sickened his children and the resulting medical care cost him many times what he saved . The concept is related to planned obsolescence , whereby the lower initial cost of a false economy attracts buyers mostly on the basis of low cost , who may later be at a disadvantage . Poor people are often forced into false economies when they ca n't afford the better long term option in the short term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7439e7deb0987f5b142b8b71ac61c66", "text": "Business cycle The business cycle or economic cycle is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product ( GDP ) around its long-term growth trend . The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction in sequence . These fluctuations typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth ( expansions or booms ) , and periods of relative stagnation or decline ( contractions or recessions ) . Business cycles are usually measured by considering the growth rate of real gross domestic product . Despite the often-applied term cycle , these fluctuations in economic activity do not exhibit uniform or predictable periodicity . The common or popular usage boom-and-bust cycle refers to fluctuations in which the expansion is rapid and the contraction severe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "135f8e54cde688b6c9329b8fdd87fab4", "text": "Capital budgeting Capital budgeting , or investment appraisal , is the planning process used to determine whether an organization 's long term investments such as new machinery , replacement of machinery , new plants , new products , and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm 's capitalization structure ( debt , equity or retained earnings ) . It is the process of allocating resources for major capital , or investment , expenditures . One of the primary goals of capital budgeting investments is to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders . Many formal methods are used in capital budgeting , including the techniques such as Accounting rate of return Average accounting return Payback period Net present value Profitability index Internal rate of return Modified internal rate of return Equivalent annual cost Real options valuation These methods use the incremental cash flows from each potential investment , or project . Techniques based on accounting earnings and accounting rules are sometimes used - though economists consider this to be improper - such as the accounting rate of return , and `` return on investment . '' Simplified and hybrid methods are used as well , such as payback period and discounted payback period .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f6c6430164c5c2c38b28cd208743f316", "text": "John G. Avildsen John Guilbert Avildsen ( born December 21 , 1935 ) is an American film director . He won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1977 for Rocky . Other films he directed include Joe , Save the Tiger , Fore Play , The Formula , Neighbors , For Keeps , Lean on Me , The Power of One , 8 Seconds , Inferno , Rocky V and the first three The Karate Kid films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c43caf7c3f39e217be0717fc03bacd2", "text": "The Formula (1980 film) The Formula is a 1980 American mystery film directed by John G. Avildsen and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It features a preeminent cast including Marlon Brando , George C. Scott , John Gielgud , and Marthe Keller . Craig T. Nelson also makes a brief appearance as a geologist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d897ff2c19bd39533084592043cd8d83", "text": "Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6196206389943674e09d37484fed342d", "text": "The Formula (song) `` The Formula '' is a song by American rapper The D.O.C. , from his 1989 debut album No One Can Do It Better . It was released as the third single to support that album and reached number 76 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart in April 1990 . The song was produced by Dr. Dre and contains samples from Marvin Gaye 's `` Inner City Blues ( Make Me Wan na Holler ) '' , from his 1971 album What 's Going On .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b6b956395512418052bdbbe58cf3e8", "text": "E. W. Emo E. W. Emo ( Emerich Walter Emo , born Emerich Josef Wojtek , 11 July 1898 ; died 2 December 1975 ) was an Austrian film director . Emo specialized in comedies , 21 of them with the actor Hans Moser . He also worked outside Austria and wrote screenplays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dfa5cad210a67f7e5e3faff4eb63131", "text": "Daniel Steiner Daniel Steiner ( born 1973 ) is an Austrian actor and film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5a07cdaa2c28aa6857f934c4479271", "text": "Robert von Dassanowsky Robert von Dassanowsky FRHistS , FRSA ( born January 28 , 1965 , New York City ) is an Austrian-American academic , writer , film and cultural historian , and producer . He is usually known as Robert Dassanowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e72d341cf8ed94725182755a317a5f3e", "text": "Gustav Ucicky Gustav Ucicky ( 6 July 1898 -- 27 April 1961 ) was an Austrian film director , screenwriter and cinematographer . He was one of the more successful directors in Austria and Germany from the 1930s through to the early 1960s . His work covered a wide variety of genres , but he most acclaimed for his work in romantic drama and drama films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5004b011db58fb7b53296682bae7f06a", "text": "1981 Formula One season The 1981 Formula One season was the 35th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1981 FIA Formula One World Championship which was contested over a fifteen race series that commenced on 15 March and ended on 17 October . Formula One cars also contested the 1981 South African Grand Prix , although this was technically a Formula Libre race and was not part of the Formula One World Championship . The 1981 championship was the inaugural FIA Formula One World Championship , replacing the former World Championship for Drivers . Nelson Piquet won the Drivers ' Championship , claiming the first of his three Formula One titles and Williams won the Constructors ' Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff5bdcefa44491e19664dda16ee9c3b", "text": "Leo Perutz Leopold Perutz ( 2 November 1882 , Prague -- 25 August 1957 , Bad Ischl ) was an Austrian novelist and mathematician . He was born in Prague ( now capital of the Czech Republic ) and was thus a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . He lived in Vienna until the Nazi Anschluss in 1938 , when he emigrated to Palestine . According to the biographical note on the Arcade Publishing editions of the English translations of his novels , Leo was a mathematician who formulated an algebraic equation which is named after him ; he worked as a statistician for an insurance company . He was related to the biologist Max Perutz . During the 1950s he returned occasionally to Austria , spending the summer and autumn months in the market town of St. Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut resort region and in Vienna . He died in the Austrian spa town of Bad Ischl in 1957 . He wrote his first novel , The Third Bullet , in 1915 while recovering from a wound sustained in the First World War . In all Perutz wrote eleven novels , which gained the admiration of Jorge Luis Borges , Italo Calvino , Ian Fleming , Karl Edward Wagner and Graham Greene . Wagner cited Perutz ' novel The Master of the Day of Judgement as one of the thirteen best non-supernatural horror novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18545d7c2d83c8f82cfc5fb96d217050", "text": "Peter Sauber Peter Sauber ( born 13 October 1943 ) is a retired Swiss motorsport executive . He was the team principal and owner of various motorsports teams , most visibly the eponymous Sauber Formula One team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad58b6d950ff1144c3e0c2a78f48e53", "text": "Swiss Film Award The Swiss Film Award ( formerly Swiss Film Prize ) ( Prix du cinéma suisse , Schweizer Filmpreis , Premio del cinema svizzero , Premi dal film svizzer ) is the national film award of Switzerland , first given out in 1998 . 1998 to 2008 : the Prize was given in during the Solothurn Film Festival . 2009 : the nomination night happened in Solothurn during January . Each film nominated received a cash-prize . During the beginning of March , a `` glamour '' ceremony , the first one of its kind , was organised in Lucerne . The prize awarded is a Cristal-like statue , called `` The Quartz '' . 2009 was the last year where the Jury was composed of people from the Swiss state and the Federal Office of Culture . 2010 : Nomination in Solothurn again , during the Solothurn Film Festival during January . Ceremony in Lucerne in March . The prizes have been awarded for the first time by the Swiss Film Academy , created in 2008 . It was the first time that no state intervention occurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b06b7ded97d1302d5dcc08bc81ef03e2", "text": "Ulrich Seidl Ulrich Maria Seidl ( born 24 November 1952 in Vienna ) is an Austrian film director , writer and producer . In 2005 he was a member of the jury at the 27th Moscow International Film Festival . His film Dog Days was shot over three years during the hottest days of summer . Among other awards , it won the Grand Jury Prize at Venice in 2001 . His 2012 film Paradise : Love competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival . The sequel Paradise : Faith won the Special Jury Prize at the 69th Venice International Film Festival . The final part of the trilogy , Paradise : Hope , premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival . Seidl was scheduled to attend the 2014 Jerusalem Film Festival , but cancelled his visit due to the political tension in the region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e507fd69a4b141fbf07d6ef5237ec1", "text": "The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art . It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92beb2baac5fadbcbac6583f74a23007", "text": "Anton the Magician Anton the Magician ( Anton der Zauberer ) is a 1978 East German comedy film directed by Günter Reisch . It was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival where Ulrich Thein won the award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8aa40ee90acc8a34550c0c6c3807131b", "text": "The Competition (film) The Competition is a 1980 American drama film starring Richard Dreyfuss and Amy Irving , directed by Joel Oliansky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3697190d99f30256cc3b1c0256281ee9", "text": "Alex Moser Alexander `` Alex '' Moser ( born 1979 ) is an Austrian hair stylist living and working in Vienna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf7dc83a02451d7cd0f673dad657ab19", "text": "Mass formula A mass formula is an equation or set of equations in physics which attempts to predict the mass or mass ratios of the subatomic particles . An important step in high energy physics was the discovery of the Gell-Mann -- Okubo mass formula predicting relationships between masses of the members of SU ( 3 ) multiplets . The development of an accurate mass formula is one of several fundamental aspects to developing a working theory of everything , which is expected to overcome the incompatibilities between current classical and quantum physics theories . There are currently no universal mass formulae which are generally accepted as correct by the mainstream physics community , however several versions of potential mass formulae have been presented and are currently being explored by some ( largely amateur ) physics theorists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "950a40db50467762288d4db37f85ccba", "text": "Max Planck Institute for Mathematics The Max Planck Institute for Mathematics ( Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik , MPIM ) is a research institute specializing in mathematics located in Bonn , Germany . It is named in honor of the German physicist Max Planck . The MPIM is one of the 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ( Max-Planck-Gesellschaft ) . The Institute , having emerged from the collaborative research center ( Sonderforschungsbereich ) called Theoretical Mathematics ( Theoretische Mathematik ) , was founded by Friedrich Hirzebruch in 1980 and he acted as the director of the institute until his retirement in 1995 . Currently , the institute is managed by a board of four directors consisting of Werner Ballmann ( managing director , succeeding Günter Harder ) , Gerd Faltings , Peter Teichner and Don Zagier . Friedrich Hirzebruch was , and Yuri Manin is , acting as emeriti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdaa17f7eda7a1b82e3be93868dfc233", "text": "A Devil of a Woman A Devil of a Woman ( Der Weibsteufel ) is a 1951 Austrian drama film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner . It was entered into the 1952 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8c0c18b0f4e7df0249f84cc13a80db", "text": "Iris Gusner Iris Gusner ( born Trautenau 16 January 1941 ) is a German film director and screenwriter .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5c6267c3d3e05cf45fe14332b91ef3ba", "text": "Michael McCullers Michael McCullers ( born 1971 ) is an American comedy film screenwriter . A native of Indian Springs Village , Alabama , McCullers attended Indian Springs School , a private high school just south of Birmingham , Alabama . McCullers is a former writer on Saturday Night Live and is best known for co-writing the script for two Austin Powers movies , Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me and Austin Powers in Goldmember with Mike Myers . He is the writer and director of the 2008 comedy Baby Mama starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler . He lives in Los Angeles with his wife and four children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a86b70e0c9d57966ea887b12e9a6fd5", "text": "Baby Mama (film) Baby Mama is a 2008 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael McCullers in his directorial debut and starring Tina Fey , Amy Poehler , Greg Kinnear , Dax Shepard , Steve Martin and Sigourney Weaver .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0096df90777b7ee3027075be0157edf9", "text": "Ken Freedman Ken Freedman ( born February 18 , 1959 ) is General Manager of WFMU , a freeform radio station . He also co-hosts the conceptual comedy program Seven Second Delay with Andy Breckman , as well as hosting his own freeform radio program on Wednesday mornings ( 9:00 -- noon Eastern Time ) . He is the co-founder of Congera , a public benefit corporation . Freedman hosted his first radio program in 1976 as a DJ at Highland Park High School station WVHP . He served as station manager of WCBN-FM , the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 's freeform outlet , where he marked the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan by playing Lesley Gore 's `` It 's My Party ( And I 'll Cry If I Want To ) '' for eighteen consecutive hours . Freedman joined WFMU as a DJ in December 1983 , and succeeded Bruce Longstreet as General Manager in August 1985 . At the time , WFMU was licensed to and owned by Upsala College , and based in East Orange , New Jersey . In February 1986 , Freedman launched a program guide/zine called LCD ( Lowest Common Denominator ) , featuring work by many internationally known writers and artists , including Nick Tosches , Jim Woodring , Drew Friedman , Gary Panter , Harvey Pekar , Dan Clowes , Tony Millionaire , and Chris Ware . In November 2007 , The Best of LCD : The Art and Writing of WFMU , was published by Princeton Architectural Press . It was compiled and edited by longtime WFMU radio host Dave `` The Spazz '' Abramson . In 1989 , Freedman successfully fended off a challenge to the station 's license from four rival broadcasters , who claimed that WFMU was broadcasting above its legal power limit . In 1992 , he founded the non-profit organization Auricle Communications , which purchased WFMU 's license from Upsala in 1994 . These actions allowed WFMU to survive when the college went bankrupt in 1995 . A core strategy for the station was to embrace the World Wide Web , launching its website in 1993 , streaming its broadcasts full-time in 1997 , and archiving most broadcasts from 2000 . Under Freedman 's management , annual donations to the station ( which is funded exclusively by listener support ) grew from $ 50,000 in 1983 , to $ 750,000 in 1999 , to over $ 1,800,000 in 2012 . Freedman pioneered the use of direct licensing for broadcasters , obtaining alternative copyrights and waivers to address restrictions placed on broadcasters by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act . In 2007 , Freedman built on these direct licensing activities and founded WFMU 's Free Music Archive , an open source library of copyright-cleared music and audio which launched in April 2009 . Freedman has served on the board of public science and technology company New Brunswick Scientific Company ( purchased in 2004 by Eppendorf ) and was a board member ( for four years ) and technology advisor to National Federation of Community Broadcasters ( NFCB ) . He has spoken and presented at conferences sponsored by The Future of Music Coalition , National Public Radio , the Integrated Media Association , the Audio Engineering Society ( AES ) , O'Reilly Media 's Newsfoo Conference , The Awesome Foundation Summit , the University of British Columbia and the National Federation of Community Broadcasters . In 2013 , Freedman initiated the creation of a suite of software for broadcasters , journalists and online publishers known as the Audience Engine . In 2013 , he began performing stand-up comedy and has performed acts at the New York Comedy Club , the Broadway Comedy Club , the Greenwich Village Comedy Club and other venues in New York , New Jersey and San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7", "text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e6fcf8acc7dc405c02e2bda534a420a", "text": "Michael Linder Michael Linder is an American television producer and broadcast journalist based in Los Angeles , currently an investigative reporter for KABC-AM and an executive producer for Natural 9 Entertainment in Burbank . He is a contributor to BBC Radio 5 Live and KUSC . Linder created and executive produced America 's Most Wanted in 1988 , casting host John Walsh and launching the first hit series on the Fox Television network . In 1990 , Linder created and executive produced The Jesse Jackson Show leading a crew and host Jackson to interview Saddam Hussein in Baghdad as troops massed for the Gulf War and negotiating the release of 227 hostages held by Hussein in Kuwait City and Baghdad , including the staff of the U.S. embassy in Kuwait City . In 1995-6 Linder created and produced `` Berserkistan '' with photojournalist Jim Bartlett , credited as the first Internet site to cover a war ( Bosnia ) on location . From 2004 through 2009 , Linder served as a radio journalist for KNX-AM . He has won numerous broadcast journalism honors including a for a series on street gang impacts on children and an RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award for coverage of water issues in California 's Owens Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d875ce99373262eb813192dfa0e54f8", "text": "The Moviegoer (album) The Moviegoer is the seventh studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in October 1972 but failed to chart . No singles were released from the album , though `` This Way Mary '' was later released as a b-side to Walker 's 1973 single `` The Me I Never Knew '' . The album consists solely of renditions of film theme songs originally performed by other artists . The album was the first of six studio albums ( the last two as The Walker Brothers ) in which Walker did not contribute original material . Having lost creative control of his music after the commercial failures of his previous two studio albums Scott 4 and 'Til the Band Comes In , Walker was tasked with recording `` inoffensive , middle-of-the-road material that could be easily processed , marketed and sold '' . By way of compromise Walker had some say in the song selection and drew together a selection of themes from some of his favourite films . The album was recorded quickly in the autumn of 1972 with Walker 's usual studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz and engineer Peter J. Olliff . In a change from previous work , Robert Cornford was brought-in to produce the orchestral arrangements . Despite a push for commercial viability the album received negative reviews when released as an LP in October 1972 . The album was re-issued in 1975 by Contour record label with new sleeve art . The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963", "text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc240561f30d636cd333e045d84af385", "text": "Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver . In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) . He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint . He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret . He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace . He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe . Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 . He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama . His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards . Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan . He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea6e4f9b644dd8cf2f123146182fe67c", "text": "Scott McCarron Scott Michael McCarron ( born July 10 , 1965 ) is an American professional golfer . McCarron was born in Sacramento , California and graduated from Vintage High School in Napa , California . He was a member of the golf team at UCLA , graduating in 1988 with a major in History . Unlike most golfers , McCarron did not transition right away from the college to the professional ranks -- he gave up golf for four years ( 1988 -- 1992 ) to work with his father in the family clothing business . He turned professional in 1992 , and joined the PGA Tour in 1994 . McCarron has had PGA Tour victories in 1996 , 1997 and 2001 . McCarron has featured in the top 20 of the Official World Golf Ranking . McCarron was injured in the summer of 2006 and missed the entire 2007 season . He served as an analyst for The Golf Channel for its 2007 Masters coverage . He returned to the PGA Tour in 2008 and finished 108th on the money list to retain his card for 2009 . In 2010 , McCarron became embroiled in controversy when he accused fellow PGA Tour player Phil Mickelson of `` cheating '' for using a Ping-Eye 2 wedge made before April 1 , 1990 that is allowed under a legal technicality . McCarron publicly apologized to Mickelson a few days later . Thirty days later , the PGA Tour and USGA banned the use of the Ping-Eye 2 wedges . McCarron has won three times on PGA Tour Champions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "521d78e7ead46657d188179ffc7e2e98", "text": "Michael J. Weller Michael John Weller was born in south London in 1946 . Weller designed USA sleeve for David Bowie 's The Man Who Sold the World LP ( Mercury , 1970 ) , re-released ( EMI CD , 1999 ) . As `` Captain Stelling '' Weller wrote and drew The Firm ( cOZmic Comics , 1972 ) - an early British artist 's publication inspired by American underground comic book innovations . In 1973 , a page by `` Stelling '' entitled ` Missile Crisis ' was made part of Michel Choquette 's comic book The Someday Funnies . He followed `` Willie D '' ( Andrew Marr ) as featured cartoonist on Chainsaw punk zine ( 1980 -- 84 ) . Michael Weller enjoyed a parallel career in the 1980s and 1990s as political writer , cartoonist , activist of the left , and local community organiser based in Penge , south London . In 2006 he became a signatory to the Euston Manifesto . As 'M . J. ' , ` Michael John ' , ` Mick ' and ` Mike ' Weller - using identity-playing forenames , nicknames and other noms-de-plume - he has produced artists books , zines and small press publications . Between 1990 and 2010 he was associated with London 's poetry scene . Launch of Beat Generation Ballads was documented in video by Voiceworks ( 2011 ) , becoming the title of a large-scale musical composition for piano by Michael Finnissy premiered at Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival in 2014 , winning a solo British Composer Award 2015 . Beowulf Cartoon has been on reading display at Poetry Library exhibitions Visual Poetics ( 2013 ) and Poetry Comics ( 2015 ) . Michael John Weller continues to write , draw , and publish for traditional print and digital mediums , including artists film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7daaf846b86787883f1a137bdce06e5", "text": "Mike Ferner Mike Ferner is a former Toledo , Ohio city council member , Vietnam era veteran , author , and peace activist . He is a member of the POCLAD collective . Toledo had the most active campaign in the country for municipal public power in the late 1980s and early '90s . In 1989 Ferner was elected as an independent to the city council and proposed the creation of a small municipal utility to compete with Toledo Edison . He ran for mayor in 1993 with this as a major campaign plank , but lost by 672 out of 92,740 votes cast . In March 2006 Ferner , along with fellow activists Pete Perry , Malachy Kilbride , and David Barrows , interrupted the US House Appropriations Committee that was in the process of voting on $ 67,000,000,000 in military funding for the US war and occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan . Ferner was arrested on June 30 , 2006 at the Jesse Brown Veterans ' Administration Medical Center . ( Ferner was at the center because he was participating in Voices For Creative Nonviolence 's 320-mile `` Walk for Justice '' from Springfield , Illinois to North Chicago , Illinois . ) According to Ferner 's recounting of the incident , the arresting officer stated that wearing a `` Veterans for Peace '' T-shirt while drinking coffee at the center comprised protesting , and Ferner was required to leave the premises . Ferner refused , and was subsequently arrested . Ferner was charged with criminal trespass and with weapons possession ( a Swiss Army pocketknife ) . In 2006 he published `` Inside the Red Zone : A Veteran For Peace Reports from Iraq , '' recounting his trips to Iraq , just prior to the U.S. invasion and a year later . Ferner is running for Toledo mayor in the special election to be held November 3 , 2015 to fill the last two years of D. Michael Collins ' term after Collins died in office . he was on channel 13 abc Toledo talking about his charges and race for mayor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc91cb2af39219dfb1b85776c2127a1c", "text": "Michael Dormer Michael Dormer or Michael Henry Dashwood Dormer ( born 1935 in Hollywood , California , U.S. - 2012 ) was an American fine artist , writer , songwriter , entrepreneur , and creator of the 1960s TV show Shrimpenstein . A childhood protégé of artist Louis Geddes , Dormer took first prize in a National Fire Prevention poster contest at age 12 . At 18 Dormer was working in art full-time . In 1957 Dormer established a painting studio in La Jolla and moonlighted as a part-time night club comic and jazz poet at the Pour House , a cabaret in Bird Rock . He also published an art and poetry magazine , titled Scavenger . In 1968 Dormer painted his first aluminum piece ; a technique he developed , which has never been used by any other artist . These pieces are part of private collections across the globe . His vast body of work includes his mid-century Crankshaft series , an extensive collection of nudes , oils , watercolors , sculpture , intricate pencil drawings , charcoals , and murals . Dormer , with his lifelong friend and collaborator , Lee Teacher , created a counter-culture sculpture Hot Curl , a 400 lb concrete statue , and installed it on the rocks near the surf shack at Windansea Beach in La Jolla in San Diego , California . The sculpture of a mop-haired , 6 ft , knobby-kneed surfer gazed out at the sea with a beer in his hand . The pot-bellied surf god quickly became a nationwide sensation , appearing in SurfToons comics and as a plastic model kit , selling hundreds of thousands of copies . Today , Hot Curl appears regularly in Surfer magazine . In 1964 Dormer 's artwork was featured in the opening credits of Muscle Beach Party , which featured the first film appearance of Hot Curl and `` Little '' Stevie Wonder . He also doubled as a talent scout for that film and subsequent surf films , recruiting actual surfers and surfer girls off the beaches of La Jolla to serve as extras . In 1963 Dormer and Teacher created and launched Shrimpenstein , an off-beat children 's television show which aired live weekdays on Channel 9 in Los Angeles . The program , which featured a miniature Frankenstein monster , brought to life when his creator , Dr. Von Schtick , accidentally dropped a bag of jelly beans in his monster machine . The wacky adventures of the little monster , and his eccentric pals , enchanted , with double entendre , and wit fit for children and adults , grew a great following . Frank Sinatra and his Rat Pack sought out Dormer to tell him they never missed an episode . Dormer lived in Ocean Beach in San Diego , California . Michael Dormer died at home in Ocean Beach , San Diego , California on 10 September 2012 . Shortly before his death he had written this short statement about his work -LSB- source needed -RSB- : DORMER ON DORMER I 've always considered myself an experimentalist . My subject matter is often whimsical or mysteriously off-beat . I 've been told that my work reflects my personality pretty accurately . I follow no particular established schools of painting and consider my works essentially excursions into alternate fantasy dimensions . Odd creatures abound in these regions and strange allegories unfold . New languages are born and mingle freely with conjured-up communicative symbols . My paintings are windows looking out into new places at new things .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a93448ab9d69489d7b5f291f1c0f2c4", "text": "Michael & Michael Have Issues Michael & Michael Have Issues ( sometimes abbreviated MMHI ) is a cable television comedy series starring comedians and actors Michael Ian Black and Michael Showalter , who created the series . Both comedians appeared together in several TV comedy series , including The State , and Stella . The show premiered on July 15 , 2009 , on Comedy Central . Showalter and Black confirmed on March 3 , 2010 , via their Twitter accounts that the show had been canceled . The series starred Michael Ian Black and Michael Showalter playing fictionalized versions of themselves . As stated in a 2009 New York Times article , `` Mr. Black and Mr. Showalter play the bickering stars of a sketch comedy program who never miss an opportunity to undermine each other . In between skits about stores that sell only sweatpants and characters like John the British Fork Offerer , narrative segments chronicle the not-so-fictional frenemies who constantly step on each other 's toes , even in seemingly inconsequential situations like an interview for a high school newspaper or the search for a birthday gift for their producer . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e93ded0a4f790f943320e06e5782", "text": "Matchstick Productions Matchstick Productions , also known as MSP Films , is a film production company based in Crested Butte , Colorado that specializes in producing ski movies . Steve Winter and Murray Wais founded the company in 1992 . According to MSP 's website , `` Matchstick aims to create entertaining films that not only are stunning visually but on the cutting edge of action sports . '' MSP has released a feature-length ski movie every year since 1992 with several gaining critical acclaim : their breakthrough film `` Ski Movie '' , featuring many of the world 's best skiers at the time , was released in 2000 and won `` Movie of the Year '' from both Powder Magazine and Freeze Magazine . MSP is the most award-winning ski film company in history , with eight `` Movie of the Year '' honors and `` Best Documentary '' prize at the Powder Video Awards , three Emmy nominations for outstanding camerawork , and `` Viewers ' Choice '' runner-up at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eabd0be3993788a015f29e942ab92f7", "text": "Michael Pope Michael S. Pope , ( Born in Manhattan , New York ) is an award-winning underground filmmaker and multi-media artist best known as auteur of the feature Film/Event : Neovoxer . Neovoxer is an experimental , non-dialogue feature film and an event that includes a live performance of its musical score and sound effects , site-specific installation and tableau vivant . Pope was writer , director , editor as well as , actor , designer , and one of the composers of the project . With this , he spearheaded the volunteer efforts of over 200 artists and artisans in what he describes as a `` Collective creative action '' . Neovoxer was the first film by an American director to screen at the P1 : International Biennial in the Czech Republic ( 2004 ) , and earned him a Tanne Award for Outstanding Achievement ( 2000 ) , which recognizes artists with outstanding achievements in their field . Pope shot , cut and directed the music videos for long-time collaborators The Dresden Dolls , as well as directing their first live concert/documentary dvd `` Live : In Paradise '' and numerous multi-media events under the Dresden Dolls banner . Pope also directed the music video series `` Who Killed Amanda Palmer : A Surrealist Mini Mystery '' in conjunction with the album and book release of the same name . Pope has received artist 's residencies from E | Merge Interdisciplinary A.I.R. ( 2013 ) , the Mobius Artists Group for Experimental Work in All Media ( 2001/2002 ) , and the Experimental Television Center , ( 2000 ) . His video art has shown at 31 Grand Gallery ( NYC 2007/2008 ) curated by artist Barnaby Whitfield , as well as numerous site-specific installations in collaboration with The Nu Dance Theater ( NYC/PARIS 2008 ) . In 2009 , Pope was commissioned by the Boston Pops to create a new film piece for their New Year 's Eve show by Amanda Palmer . The film The Old & The New starred Jeremy Geidt and his wife . In 2008 , Pope traveled to Tehran as part of cross-cultural artist project `` Send My Love To Iran '' founded by BriAnna Olson He has made commercial music videos for Ben Folds , Gene Dante & The Future Starlets and many other bands . His music videos are in international rotation including MTV , LOGO and RAGE and have seen premieres on People , Spin , Jezebel and Pitchfork websites . In 2016 , Pope began a new independent movie/transmedia project , SYNEMATIKA , by creating a `` 3-dimensional script '' as a site-specific installation in a 2400-square foot industrial space in Kingston , NY . The creation of the script was done as a 30-day lockdown endurance art piece , after which it was opened to the public for viewing and photographed to become a graphic `` shooting bible '' for the eventual movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2488fb8dd6f2715c3b2fdd9b1fd2b876", "text": "Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons . He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "433e8e7cb2b8e13cdd09008c3c40fcfa", "text": "Scott McCaughey Scott Lewis McCaughey is an American singer and songwriter and the leader of the Seattle and Portland-based bands The Young Fresh Fellows and The Minus 5 . He is also bassist for Robyn Hitchcock 's most recent touring band , The Venus 3 , along with Bill Rieflin ( drums ) and Peter Buck ( guitar ) . In June 2003 Scott recorded a song with Moween ( Peter Schoemaker/Bram van den Berg ) at the IDQ studio in Utrecht , called `` Move on '' . To be found on http://www.moween.eu . In 2008 , McCaughey formed the side band The Baseball Project with Buck , Steve Wynn and Linda Pitmon . Their first album , Volume 1 : Frozen Ropes and Dying Quails , celebrates many aspects of baseball culture , and includes a song in tribute to Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher Harvey Haddix . From 1994 through 2011 , he worked with R.E.M. both on stage and in the studio . While originally brought on as a second guitarist for the Monster tour , McCaughey remained with R.E.M. in various capacities until the band 's dissolution . He contributed to the studio albums New Adventures in Hi-Fi , Up , Reveal , Around the Sun , Accelerate and Collapse into Now . Additionally , he has received credits for his work on the live albums R.E.M. Live and Live at The Olympia album as well as their 2003 greatest hits collection , In Time . When working with R.E.M. , McCaughey played guitar , bass guitar , keyboards , and sang backing vocals . McCaughey also plays in Tuatara , an instrumental group which features Peter Buck from R.E.M.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0b1eba584a7dd1136a3e5b74820dde7", "text": "Michael Schur Michael Herbert `` Mike '' Schur ( born October 29 , 1975 ) is an American television producer and writer , best known for his work on the NBC comedy series The Office and Parks and Recreation , the latter of which he co-created along with Greg Daniels . He also co-created the FOX comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine , and created the NBC comedy series The Good Place . Schur is also known for his small role on The Office as Mose Schrute , the cousin of Dwight Schrute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0040f7a5d7b0cead387fa99799bb668f", "text": "Mickey Bowers Allen LaGrant `` Mickey '' Bowers ( born February 27 , 1949 , at Maxton , North Carolina ) is a retired American professional baseball player , scout , coach and manager whose entire uniformed career took place in minor league baseball . An outfielder , Bowers threw and batted right-handed , stood 5 ft tall and weighed 175 lb . Bowers graduated from Mount Vernon High School ( Alexandria , Virginia ) and attended Northern Virginia College . He entered professional baseball in in the Philadelphia Phillies ' organization and in his finest season , , he batted .308 with 124 hits , 10 home runs and 73 runs batted in in 106 games played for the Spartanburg Phillies of the Class A Western Carolinas League . However , his career was highlighted by an incident in his first game as a professional in the Short Season-A Northern League . On July 4 , 1968 , Bowers , playing right field for the Huron Phillies , ran through an outfield fence while chasing a foul fly ball . He emerged from the hole in the fence unhurt -- although he did not make the catch . He retired as an active player after the 1970 season and then served six years as a police officer in Washington , D.C. , before returning to baseball as a member of the Major League Baseball Scouting Bureau . In 1977 , Bowers became a coach in the Seattle Mariners ' farm system . After three seasons ( 1980 -- 82 ) as a coach with the Lynn Sailors of the Double-A Eastern League , Bowers managed the 1982 Sailors to an 82 -- 57 mark and the North Division title . He was named Eastern League Manager of the Year in September of 1982 . The first African American to be named Manager of the Year in professional baseball . In October of 1982 , Frank Robinson was named Major League Manager of Year . Bowers ' players included future Major Leaguers Alvin Davis , Jim Presley and Harold Reynolds , Spike Owen , Brian Clark , and J.D. Gleathon . Seattle moved its Double-A affiliate the following year to the Chattanooga Lookouts of the Southern League . Bowers was replaced as skipper in midseason as the Lookouts finished below .500 , despite contributions from future MLB stars Ivan Calderón , Darnell Coles , Mark Langston and Danny Tartabull .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c1d67ffa13e84cfe14f369aa1086db1", "text": "Greg Lake (radio personality) Greg Lake ( born 1960 as Gregory Alan Whaley ) has been a Florida radio personality for nearly 20 years . He was born in the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington , D.C. and moved to Florida in the late 1970s to attend Flagler College in St. Augustine , where he met and married his wife , Kathy . Moving to South Florida , he launched his radio career at WKGR 98.7 ( Ft. Pierce , Florida ) where he stayed until the station was sold . He then followed the entire on-air staff to then WAKS-FM 103.7 ( Ft. Meyers , Florida ) where they stayed until it too was eventually sold . Once again , the entire on-air staff returned to the east coast of Florida to take over WZZR 92.7 ( Port St. Lucie , Florida ) where he continued his program `` The Dead Zone '' until the end of 1994 when he took over the morning drive show . He remained there until the spring of 1996 when he was fired for sagging ratings . Greg then , moved to Daytona Beach and started his own advertising agency ( Alternative Advertising ) . After four years in the advertising business , he was offered , and accepted , the Production Director post at WELE 1380 , Ormond Beach . After a year , as Production Director he was promoted to the Program Director position . At the height of the controversial 2000 presidential election , Greg launched and hosted his own politically driven , morning call-in talk show called `` Radio Free Volusia '' which aired Worldwide on the internet and locally on WELE five days a week , until his final show April 25 , 2008 . During the eight years of daily shows , Greg interviewed hundreds of famous national political figures , captains of industry and celebrities in the entertainment field . Along with his often controversial interview style , Greg was also a source for breaking news stories . Many of those stories were in the wake of the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks . Greg has become a prolific political web blogger on http://voiceoftherepublic.com and http://radiofreevolusia.com where he continues to voice his often controversial point of view . UPDATE * 05/01/2011 - Greg officially launches another website ; http://voxominous.com - The online home to his professional voice over service endeavors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62ec759bac6643768b991af393f2d1ae", "text": "Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton ( -LSB- ˈkraɪtən -RSB- October 23 , 1942 -- November 4 , 2008 ) was an American best-selling author , screenwriter , film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction , medical fiction and thriller genres . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and many have been adapted into films . In 1994 , Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in U.S. television ( ER ) , film ( Jurassic Park ) , and book sales ( Disclosure ) . His literary works are usually within the action genre and heavily feature technology . His novels epitomize the techno-thriller genre of literature , often exploring technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his future history novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and science background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Travels ( 1988 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , Next ( 2006 ; the final book published before his death ) , Pirate Latitudes ( 2009 ) , an unfinished techno-thriller , Micro , which was published in November 2011 , and Dragon Teeth , a historical novel set during the `` Bone Wars '' , published worldwide in May 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "37d95df6d449b046ff5eab5883b21827", "text": "François de Belleforest François de Belleforest ( 1530 -- 1 January 1583 ) was a prolific French author , poet and translator of the Renaissance . He was born in Comminges , into a poor family , and his father ( a soldier ) was killed when he was seven . He spent some time in the court of Marguerite of Navarre , traveled to Toulouse and Bordeaux ( where he met George Buchanan ) , and then to Paris where he came into contact with members of the young literary generation , including Pierre de Ronsard , Jean Antoine de Baïf , Jean Dorat , Remy Belleau , Antoine Du Verdier and Odet de Turnèbe . In 1568 he became historiographer to the king . He died in Paris . Belleforest wrote on cosmography , morals , literature and history , and he translated the works of Matteo Bandello , Boccaccio , Antonio de Guevara , Lodovico Guicciardini , Polydore Vergil , Saint Cyprian , Sebastian Münster , Achilles Tatius , Cicero and Demosthenes into French . He is also the author of the first French pastoral novel , La Pyrénée ( or La Pastorale amoureuse ) ( 1571 ) modeled on the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor . His Grandes Annales are a polemic tract against François Hotman . His total output comprises more than 50 volumes . His most successful work was most likely his translation and adaptation of the `` histoires tragiques '' by the Italian Matteo Bandello , which built on the work of Pierre Boaistuau and eventually amounted to seven volumes ( 1564-1582 ) . One of these tales might be the source for Shakespeare 's Hamlet .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8acda486180160ebfb15ba460d84fdee", "text": "Dictionnaire universel The Dictionnaire universel , contenant generalement tous les mots françois ( originally Dictionaire universel ) was a dictionary and encyclopedia compiled by Antoine Furetière and published posthumously in 1690 . Unlike the rival dictionary of the Académie française , finally published in 1694 , Furetière 's Dictionnaire included specialized technical and scientific vocabulary . It was also an encyclopedia of sorts in dealing with things as well as words . Despite having been banned in France , it was a commercial success and exerted an enormous influence on eighteenth-century French dictionaries and encyclopedias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca888c872d280bd3e82daac612eb852", "text": "Jean-François de Bastide Jean-François de Bastide ( 15 July 1724 , Marseille -- 4 July 1798 , Milan aged 73 ) was an 18th-century French writer and playwright . The son of a magistrate from Provence , Bastide was a polygraph : he wrote novels ( Histoire d'une religieuse par elle-même , `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' , May 1786 , 24 p. in-16 ) , theatre plays , critics , and was also a journalist and a compilator . As a journalist , he published Le Nouveau spectateur ( 1758 -- 60 ) , Le Monde tel qu'il est ( 1760 -- 61 ) , Journal de Bruxelles ou le Penseur ( 1766 -- 67 ) , etc. . He also directed the `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' from 1779 to 1789 . As a playwright , he composed : 1749 : Le Désenchantement inespéré 1762 : L'Épreuve de la probité 1763 : Les Caractères de la musique 1763 : Les Deux talents , opéra comique presented at Comédie Italienne 11 August ( music by chevalier d'Herbain ) 1764 : Le Jeune homme , comedy presented in Bordeaux 1766 : Les Amants opposés , comedy presented in The Hague 11 March La Majorité , comedy presented the same day in the same theatre 1766 : Le Soldat par amour , opéra comique presented in Brussel , at Théâtre de la Monnaie , 4 November ( music by Pierre Van Maldere and Ignaz Vitzthumb ) Gésoncourt et Clémentine , tragedy presented the same day in the same theatre . La Petite-Maison , published in Contes de M. de Bastide , Paris , L. Cellot , 1763 , II , 1 , p. 47-88", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170316168093e35ce2227177edba175b", "text": "Père Goriot Le Père Goriot ( -LSB- lə pɛʁ ɡɔʁjo -RSB- , Old Goriot or Father Goriot ) is an 1835 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac ( 1799 -- 1850 ) , included in the Scènes de la vie privée section of his novel sequence La Comédie humaine . Set in Paris in 1819 , it follows the intertwined lives of three characters : the elderly doting Goriot ; a mysterious criminal-in-hiding named Vautrin ; and a naive law student named Eugène de Rastignac . Originally published in serial form during the winter of 1834/35 , Le Père Goriot is widely considered Balzac 's most important novel . It marks the first serious use by the author of characters who had appeared in other books , a technique that distinguishes Balzac 's fiction . The novel is also noted as an example of his realist style , using minute details to create character and subtext . The novel takes place during the Bourbon Restoration , which brought profound changes to French society ; the struggle by individuals to secure a higher social status is a major theme in the book . The city of Paris also impresses itself on the characters -- especially young Rastignac , who grew up in the provinces of southern France . Balzac analyzes , through Goriot and others , the nature of family and marriage , providing a pessimistic view of these institutions . The novel was released to mixed reviews . Some critics praised the author for his complex characters and attention to detail ; others condemned him for his many depictions of corruption and greed . A favorite of Balzac 's , the book quickly won widespread popularity and has often been adapted for film and the stage . It gave rise to the French expression `` Rastignac '' , a social climber willing to use any means to better his situation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0582437ed458a4a7b8b06c660cbde93", "text": "French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 . Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars . It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority . At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be79749b0a75a9915afa960f327fc83", "text": "Écoles Sans Frontières Écoles Sans Frontières ( `` Schools Without Borders '' ) is a French non-governmental organisation ( NGO ) with volunteers and offices throughout the world who endeavour to : `` defend the basic right to education in the respect of human dignity . To develop education and human resources for the underprivileged populations and to contribute to the safeguard of their culture of origin . To facilitate , by teaching , the search for durable solutions for the refugees '' . The motto of the organisation is L'instruction , c'est l'espoir ( `` Education is hope '' ) . ESF volunteers work tirelessly to help underprivileged people around the world in refugee camps throughout South East Asia , Haiti and Guatemala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e95d44b98c0ddcae7a107e36541bcb50", "text": "François de La Rochefoucauld François de La Rochefoucauld may refer to : François de La Rochefoucauld ( writer ) ( 1613 -- 1680 ) , French author François de La Rochefoucauld ( cardinal ) ( 1558 -- 1645 ) , French cardinal of the Catholic Church François de La Rochefoucauld , marquis de Montendre ( 1672 -- 1739 ) , Field Marshal of the British Army François Alexandre Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld , Duke of La Rochefoucauld ( 1747 -- 1827 ) , French social reformer François , duc de La Rochefoucauld ( 1765 -- 1848 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc0239c74544dc637a5dd1e817fee17", "text": "Ahistoricism Ahistoricism refers to a lack of concern for history , historical development , or tradition . Charges of ahistoricism are frequently critical , implying that the subject is historically inaccurate or ignorant ( for example , an ahistorical attitude ) . It can also describe a person 's failure to frame an argument or issue in a historical context or to disregard historical fact or implication . An example of this would be films including dinosaurs and prehistoric human beings living side by side , even though they were in reality millions of years apart . It also can be descriptive of a view that history has no relevance or importance in the decision making of modern life . In some academic contexts , ahistoricism is the accepted norm . For example , the history of science is generally considered a quite separate discipline from , and not directly important to , research science . In philosophy , some criticism has arisen because `` the dominant school of philosophy in the English speaking world , analytic philosophy -LSB- ... -RSB- has been trenchantly ahistorical , and indeed anti-historical '' , but that this is a problem remains a minority view . A more abstract definition of ahistoricism is simply independence from time , i.e. removed from history . For example , the idea that some concepts are n't governed by what is learned or has happened in the past , but come from an ahistoric power , independent of what has gone before .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e", "text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d666817124fca526b77699b847fb2058", "text": "The Genius of Christianity The Genius of Christianity ( French : Génie du christianisme ) is a work by the French author François-René de Chateaubriand , written during his exile in England in the 1790s as a defense of the Catholic faith , then under attack during the French Revolution . It was first published in France in 1802 , after Chateaubriand had taken advantage of the amnesty Napoleon issued to émigrés , which had allowed him to return to his home country in 1800 . Napoleon , who had just signed the Concordat with the pope , initially made use of Chateaubriand 's book as propaganda to win support among French Catholics . Within five years , he had quarrelled with the author and sent him into internal exile . In The Genius of Christianity , Chateaubriand defends the wisdom and beauty of Christianity against the attacks on it by French Enlightenment philosophers and revolutionary politicians . The book had an immense influence on nineteenth century culture and not just on religious life . In fact , it might be said its greatest impact was on art and literature : it was a major inspiration for the Romantic movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3198e73b8f2550fa4518b37f6a6c6ab3", "text": "An Universal History of Arts and Sciences An Universal History of Arts and Sciences was a two-volume encyclopedia compiled in English by the French expatriate Dennis ( or Denis ) de Coetlogon . It was published in 209 weekly installments from 1741 to 1745 . In his preface , Coetlogon criticized Ephraim Chambers ' Cyclopaedia and other extant dictionaries of the arts and sciences for conveying superficial information and not supporting true education . To remedy the problem , Coetlogon chose to base his encyclopedia on `` treatises '' rather than articles . In the end , the Universal History comprised 169 treatises averaging around fifteen pages in length but varying widely from a mere fourteen lines ( `` Cosmography '' ) to 113 pages ( `` Geography '' ) . It is likely that the example of the Universal History played a role in the adoption of treatises in the first edition ( 1771 ) of the Encyclopaedia Britannica a few decades later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd84adb4e5a0e47c32df3eedeb95220d", "text": "Bastiat Prize The Bastiat Prize is a journalism award given annually by the Reason Foundation . In 2011 and before it was given by the International Policy Network . The Bastiat Prize recognizes journalists whose published works `` explain , promote and defend the principles of the free society . '' The award comes with US$ 15,000 . Instituted in 2002 , the Prize has been inspired by the 19th-century French philosopher Frédéric Bastiat and his defense of liberty . Bastiat 's use of satire and allegory enabled him to relate complex economic issues to a general audience . In keeping with his legacy , Bastiat Prize entries are judged on intellectual content , the persuasiveness of the language used , and the type of publication in which they appear . Judges have included Margaret Thatcher , James Buchanan , and Milton Friedman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1089c156cd22627b4cb98058ef62237", "text": "Paul Guth Paul Guth ( 5 March 1910 -- 1997 ) was a French humorist , journalist and writer , and the President of the Académie des provinces françaises . A novelist , essayist , columnist , memoirist , historian , pamphleteer , he distinguished himself in every genre with a combination of sensitivity and savagery . He wrote about fifty works on various subjects , ranging from straight history to personal anecdotes , never holding back in criticism of contemporary failings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe37bd3930e61b0de54be825e8d11b54", "text": "Prix Napoleon The Prix Napoleon is a prestigious academic award granted annually to the best non-Francophone historical work on the First Napoleonic Empire . It is awarded by HIH the Princess Napoléon and the Prince d'Essling ( the incumbent President of the Fondation Napoléon ) and the prize usually includes around 10,000 Euros , a commemorative plaque , a case of champagne and six glasses . The Prix Napoleon constitutes part of the Fondation Napoléon 's Grand Prix - a series of history prizes and research grants for academics in the Napoleonic field . According to the Fondation Napoléon 's website , the prizes are intended to encourage `` the study of and interest in the history of the First and Second Empires and the preservation of Napoleonic heritage . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d8b0313354d1f359d63c4b466776070", "text": "Pierre Nothomb Pierre , Baron Nothomb ( 28 March 1887 - 29 December 1966 ) was a Belgian writer and right-wing politician . He was well known for his varied and voluminous output of prose and poetry . His works included poetry , essays , novels , biographies marked by their passionate tone , imagination , religious sentiment and attention to the detail . In the period between the two world wars , Nothomb also came to prominence as the co-founder of several reactionary and near-fascist nationalist movements . In the post-war era Nothomb continued to be active in politics , albeit as an advocate of an ever closer Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd5352cf80852db9e73f7f81d16d1443", "text": "History of a Six Weeks' Tour History of a Six Weeks ' Tour through a part of France , Switzerland , Germany , and Holland ; with Letters Descriptive of a Sail Round the Lake of Geneva and of the Glaciers of Chamouni is a travel narrative by the English Romantic authors Mary Shelley and Percy Bysshe Shelley . Published in 1817 , it describes two trips taken by Mary , Percy , and Mary 's stepsister , Claire Clairmont : one across Europe in 1814 , and one to Lake Geneva in 1816 . Divided into three sections , the text consists of a journal , four letters , and Percy Shelley 's poem `` Mont Blanc '' . Apart from the poem , the text was primarily written and organised by Mary Shelley . In 1840 she revised the journal and the letters , republishing them in a collection of Percy Shelley 's writings . Part of the new genre of the Romantic travel narrative , History of a Six Weeks ' Tour exudes spontaneity and enthusiasm ; the authors demonstrate their desire to develop a sense of taste and distinguish themselves from those around them . The romantic elements of the work would have hinted at the text 's radical politics to nineteenth-century readers . However , the text 's frank discussion of politics , including positive references to the French Revolution and praise of Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau , was unusual for a travel narrative at the time , particularly one authored primarily by a woman . Although it sold poorly , History of a Six Weeks ' Tour received favourable reviews . In proposing another travel narrative to her publisher in 1843 , Mary Shelley claimed `` my 6 weeks tour brought me many compliments '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f67988575c48a9178c9e3bc1bea08ab", "text": "Histoire de Belgique (book series) The Histoire de Belgique ( `` History of Belgium '' ) is a seven-volume survey of the history of Belgium by the historian Henri Pirenne , written in French language and published between 1900 and 1932 . The series , which traces the emergence of the Belgian nation-state from the Roman era until the start of World War I , is a classic of nationalist historiography and one of Pirenne 's major works . Although Pirenne is today best known as a historian of Medieval Europe , the Histoire de Belgique series was his most respected work during his lifetime and the foundation of his reputation as Belgium 's leading national historian . Unlike much nationalist historiography , Pirenne 's history did not trace the emergence of a Belgian `` Volksgeist '' ( national spirit ) but argued that Belgium had naturally developed as a cosmopolitan society to serve as a mediator between Latin and Germanic Europe . Pirenne did , however , believe in the existence of a distinctly Belgian civilisation ( civilisation belge ) reflecting a unique combination of external influences and which had changed over time without losing its distinctiveness . Publication began in 1900 and ended in 1932 after being disrupted for several years during the German occupation of Belgium ( 1914 -- 18 ) in which Pirenne had been held as a political prisoner . The seventh volume was awarded the Francqui Prize in 1933 . According to modern historians , Pirenne 's 1928 publication La Belgique et la Guerre Mondiale ( Belgium and the World War ) could be considered a chronological sequel , covering the period after the end of volume seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aaa1ed23b7e9d4c5db1ce181a1eed22", "text": "Jean-François Gautier Jean-François Gautier ( born 1950 , Paris ) is a French writer . His book L'Univers existe-t-il ? ( Does the Universe exist ? ) points out the impossibility of creating a descriptive geometry of The Universe when there is no other frame ( i.e. , a frame or tableau beyond , or outside of , The Universe as so-posited ) , within which to describe it . How can the description of The Universe begin when one can not get ` outside ' The Universe as posited ? If we posit The Universe , we presume ourselves within it . Problems occur here : with the idea that the descriptor of The Universe can in some way `` step beyond '' the model he/she has projected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3572ff3ce7d4ae85dcefaac4df32d0eb", "text": "Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne , that will play in the Premier League , the top tier of English football , after winning the Championship title in 2017 . Newcastle United was founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End , and has played at its current home ground , St James ' Park , ever since . The ground was developed into an all-seater stadium in the mid-1990s and now has a capacity of 52,354 . The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition 's history , spending 85 seasons in the top tier as of May 2016 , and has never dropped below English football 's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893 . They have won four League Championship titles , six FA Cups and a Charity Shield , as well as the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup . Newcastle United has the ninth highest total of trophies won by an English club . The club 's most successful period was between 1904 and 1910 , when they won an FA Cup and three of their First Division titles . The club were highly successful in the Premier League in the 1990s and early 2000s without winning any trophies , but have been mostly struggling since the 2006 -- 07 season , and were relegated in 2009 and 2016 . Newcastle has a fierce local rivalry with Sunderland , and the two clubs have engaged in the Tyne -- Wear derby since 1898 . The club 's traditional kit colours are black and white striped shirts , black shorts and black socks . Their traditional crest takes elements of the city coat of arms , which features two grey seahorses . The club has been owned by Mike Ashley since 2007 , succeeding long term chairman and owner Sir John Hall . The club is the seventeenth highest revenue producing club in the world in terms of annual revenue , generating $ 169.3 m in 2015 . Historically , Newcastle 's highest placing was in 1999 when they were the fifth highest revenue producing football club in the world , and second in England only behind Manchester United .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7c9232b6bb376a56a8d3411f4061190d", "text": "2011–12 Leeds United F.C. season The 2011 -- 12 season was Leeds United A.F.C. 's second season back in the second tier of English football which initially saw the club challenging for the play-offs positions but dismal form in spring resulted in a 14th position finish . In other competitions , the squad only saw one round of the FA Cup with defeat at the hands of Arsenal for the second year in a row and reached the 3rd round of the League Cup , losing to rivals Manchester United . A turbulent February saw Reserve Team Manager Neil Redfearn in charge of the team for four games with Manager Simon Grayson relieved of his duties and replaced by veteran promotion specialist Neil Warnock . Ross McCormack drastically improved his performance from the 2010-11 season by scoring 19 goals - the most in the squad . He narrowly lost out on Player of the Year to Robert Snodgrass who was made Club Captain by Warnock following the sale of influential local skipper Jonny Howson in January . Young Player of the Year went to Tom Lees who led an injection of the youth into the side with Aidan White establishing himself in the starting line-up and debuts being handed to youngsters Zac Thompson , Charlie Taylor and keeper Alex Cairns . Off the field , the club 's directors reported a healthy profit of # 3.5 m , but found themselves at war with some supporters following the controversial # 7m summer renovation of the Elland Road stadium - a summer which saw a contrasting # 0.7 m spent on players ' transfers and # 5.2 m received in player sales . Chairman Ken Bates also came under scrutiny from fans following the departures of fans ' favourite Howson and 2010-11 Player of the Year Max Gradel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c1addc6878a9bac27d6c8186ec9db12", "text": "1957–58 Manchester United F.C. season The 1957 -- 58 season was Manchester United 's 56th season in the Football League , and their 13th consecutive season in the top division of English football . The season marked the biggest tragedy in the club 's history as eight players , three club officials and ten other passengers died as a result of their injuries in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958 on their way back from a European Cup quarter-final away to Red Star Belgrade . Centre-half Mark Jones , captain Roger Byrne , full-back Geoff Bent , winger David Pegg , right-half Eddie Colman , inside-right Bill Whelan and centre-forward Tommy Taylor were all killed instantly . Left-half Duncan Edwards was in hospital for two weeks before he too died on 21 February . Winger Johnny Berry and centre-half Jackie Blanchflower were both injured to such an extent that they never played again , while several of the surviving players were unavailable for a considerable amount of time as they recovered from their injuries . Manager Matt Busby was badly injured , and his assistant Jimmy Murphy ( who was not on that fateful flight ) took charge of the first team until the end of the season as Busby recovered from his injuries . Club secretary Walter Crickmer and coaches Tom Curry and Bert Whalley were all killed in the crash , which claimed a total of 23 lives . Despite the decimation of their squad , a makeshift United side still managed to reach the FA Cup final that season , where they lost to Bolton Wanderers . They also reached the semi-finals of the European Cup . However , their league form suffered after the crash and their title challenge faded as they finished ninth in the final table . With the United squad decimated by death and injuries in the aftermath of the Munich tragedy , a number of younger players broke through into the first team . These included winger Shay Brennan and forward Mark Pearson . Another notable new member of the side was goalkeeper Harry Gregg , signed in December 1957 a few weeks before the Munich crash , and who was hailed a hero for his rescue efforts in the crash . United 's top scorer for the season was Dennis Viollet , who found the net 23 times in all competitions and 16 times in the league despite being out of action for some two months as he recovered from injuries sustained in the Munich crash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79679861f27edc935df9fda8639b01c0", "text": "1968–69 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup The eleventh Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was played over the 1968 -- 1969 season . The competition was won by Newcastle United over two legs in the final against Újpest FC . It was the second consecutive time that a Hungarian side finished runners-up in the competition , and the first time Newcastle United had competed in a European competition . It is also Newcastle United 's most recent trophy to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b681abb4d9dfa16c693a65f60bce199d", "text": "Joe Richardson Joseph Richardson ( 24 August 1908 -- 1977 ) was an English professional footballer who played as a right back . Richardson joined Blyth Spartans from local side New Delaval Villa . His form with Spartans was impressive enough to earn a # 250 move to Newcastle United in 1929 . He went on to play over 200 league games for the Magpies , and after ending his playing career in 1938 joined the coaching staff where he remained until 1977 , serving the club for 48 years . Richardson died in 1977 . England Player in an Unofficial Match Appearing for Another National Side Finally , we turn to the case of the Scot who played for England against Scotland . At least one player who appeared for England in an unofficial match also appeared for another national side in official matches . Thomas ( Tommy ) Usher Pearson , who was born in Edinburgh and who played at outside left for England in the 2-1 victory against Scotland in the 1939 unofficial wartime international , also played at outside left for Scotland in two official 1947 matches , including the 1-1 draw against England . Eric Brook and Sam Barkas , both of Manchester City , were the original selections at outside left and right back for England in the 1939 wartime international , which was played at St. James ' Park in Newcastle , but they were injured in a car accident on the way to the match and were replaced by a pair of Newcastle United players , Pearson and Joseph ( Joe ) Richardson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f63f7f27de0bcfbd99a88ad6f274883a", "text": "Stan Pearson Stanley Clare Pearson ( 11 January 1919 -- 20 February 1997 ) was an English football player . He was born in Salford , Lancashire . Pearson was signed by Manchester United as an amateur in December 1935 and turned professional in May 1937 . His first senior game came against Chesterfield in 1937 . When his career was interrupted by the Second World War , he served with the 2nd/4th Lancashires . He helped United win the 1948 FA Cup ( scoring in the final ) and 1952 league championship . He retired in 1953 with 148 career goals ( good for 9th in team history ) in 343 appearances , with just two goals behind Ruud van Nistelrooy . During his time at Manchester United , he scored five hat-tricks ; four in the league and one in the FA Cup . His first came in the 5 -- 0 victory over Liverpool in 1946 , and in the 1948 FA Cup semi-final he scored all the goals when United won 3 -- 1 against Derby County at Hillsborough in Sheffield . His hat-trick against Liverpool in September 1946 occurred at Maine Road ( due to bomb damage to Old Trafford ) , and would be the last hat-trick by a Manchester United player against the Anfield club until September 2010 , when Bulgarian Dimitar Berbatov scored all three of United 's goals in a 3-2 league win at Old Trafford . Pearson went on to average more than one goal every two games in three years at Bury before his playing career ended with two years at Chester from 1957 to 1959 . At 40 years , 101 days , Pearson remains the oldest player to make a Football League appearance for the club when he played his final match against Crewe Alexandra on 22 April 1959 . Upon his retirement , Pearson was a popular appointment as Chester manager after John Harris moved to Sheffield United . Despite making signings such as his former Manchester United colleague Frank Clempson , Chester struggled during Pearson 's reign in charge . After finishing 20th and 24th in successive Division Four seasons , Pearson left the club following a 1 -- 0 home defeat to non-league Morecambe in November 1961 in the FA Cup . After retiring from football Pearson became sub-postmaster of Prestbury Post Office in Cheshire . He died at Alderley Edge , Cheshire , in February 1997 . He was 78 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e52480ff30a7e7f1c7f47f68dc614c2", "text": "1979–80 Manchester United F.C. season The 1979 -- 80 season was Manchester United 's 78th season in the Football League , and their fifth consecutive season in the top division of English football . They finished the season second in the league , just two points behind champions Liverpool , and qualified for the 1980 -- 81 UEFA Cup . It was the first season at the club for new midfielder Ray Wilkins , signed in the 1979 close season for a club record fee of # 750,000 . However , United had gained a reputation for playing generally dull football under Sexton , and by the end of his third season as manager they had still yet to win a major trophy , as Liverpool ruled supreme in the English league .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "309903e9ec68e045ffe96106be33c2cb", "text": "1928–29 Nelson F.C. season During the 1928 -- 29 season , Nelson Football Club played as a professional team in the Football League for the eighth time . After playing without a team manager during the previous season , Jack English was appointed to the post in the summer of 1928 following the club 's successful re-election application . A record of 17 wins , 5 draws and 20 defeats , giving a total of 39 points , helped Nelson to a 15th-placed finish in the Third Division North , above Rotherham United on goal average . The team was inconsistent throughout the season , as they had been in the previous campaign , although significant improvements in the defense meant that 46 fewer goals were conceded . Nelson 's attack was also improved , and the team scored at least once in 36 of their 42 league matches . Nelson did not compete in the 1928 -- 29 FA Cup , as they did not submit their application by the deadline . The club used a total of 26 different players during the season , but only six of these had been retained from the previous campaign . Yorkshire-born forward Bernard Radford was the top goalscorer for the second consecutive season , with a tally of 24 in 35 matches . With 11 goals , Gerry Kelly , a new signing from Sunderland , was the only other player to reach double figures . Half-back Jim Metcalfe made the most appearances for Nelson , missing only the final game of the season , the 4 -- 4 draw away at Accrington Stanley . The highest attendance at Nelson 's Seedhill ground was a record 14,979 for the visit of Bradford City on 27 April 1929 , which stood until the stadium was demolished in 1980 . Conversely , the lowest gate of the season was 2,749 for the victory against Stockport County on 22 January 1929 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb254cde2271f41078e56c7a84290a8", "text": "1994–95 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season The 1994 -- 95 season was Blackburn Rovers F.C. 's third season in the Premier League , and their third consecutive season in the top division of English football . The season was marked by the club winning the Premier League title , ending their 81-year run without an English league title . They ended up winning the title by a one-point margin over Manchester United . Rovers led the way for most of the season , but a 2 -- 1 defeat at Kenny Dalglish 's old club Liverpool on the final day of the season briefly appeared to threaten their title hopes . Manchester United however could only draw ( 1 -- 1 ) at West Ham so the league title was back at Blackburn for the first time since 1914 . Jack Walker 's dream had come true : within five years of buying the club , he had taken them from strugglers in the old Second Division to champions of England . Early exits from the League Cup , FA Cup and UEFA Cup to Liverpool , Newcastle and Trelleborg respectively were frustrating for Rovers in 1994 -- 95 , but turned out for the best as they could concentrate on the league challenge . Kenny Dalglish won the Premier League Manager of the Year award for leading Blackburn to success , Alan Shearer won both the Golden Boot for contributing 34 of Blackburn 's 80 league goals and also the PFA Players ' Player of the Year award as nominated by his fellow professionals . Graeme Le Saux , Colin Hendry , Tim Sherwood and Shearer all made it into the PFA Team of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7314887865c4265e896c6e209d1cd6", "text": "1910", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4254f9a931a4006e455951e9f87551fc", "text": "1950–51 FA Cup The 1950 -- 51 FA Cup was the 70th season of the world 's oldest football cup competition , the Football Association Challenge Cup , commonly known as the FA Cup . Newcastle United won the competition for the fourth time , beating Blackpool 2 -- 0 in the final at Wembley , London . Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round , which was always a Saturday . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played , a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week . If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay , a 30-minute period of extra time would be played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e46e961cd0f26d7f2aacfe3a5f7d36b0", "text": "Tyne–Wear derby The Tyne-Wear derby , also known as the North East derby and the Wear-Tyne derby is a local derby between the association football clubs Sunderland and Newcastle United . The derby is an inter-city rivalry in North East England with the two cities of Sunderland and Newcastle just twelve miles apart . Sunderland play their home matches at the Stadium of Light whilst Newcastle play their home matches at St. James ' Park . The first meeting of the two sides took place in 1883 , with the first competitive fixture being an 1888 FA Cup tie , which Sunderland won 2 -- 1 . To date , both teams have won the fixture 53 times , whilst sharing 49 draws -- one of which Sunderland went on to win via a penalty shootout . Sunderland have dominated the Tyne -- Wear derby in recent seasons . They are currently undefeated in the last nine matches between the local rivals , including six consecutive victories from 14 April 2013 to 25 October 2015 . The most recent meeting of the two sides , on the 20th March 2016 , was a Premier League match at the St James ' Park and ended in a 1 -- 1 draw , with Jermain Defoe opening the scoring for Sunderland before Aleksandar Mitrovic equalised for Newcastle . Yann M'Vila , who has played in both games , describes it as bigger than the Milan derby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d6927b4d7fc7dfb7fe7d41a2b6ad17b", "text": "2009–10 Derby County F.C. season The 2009 -- 10 season was Derby County 's 111th season in the Football League . It is their 42nd season in the second division of English football and their second consecutive season in the second tier following an 18th-placed finish in the previous campaign . Derby struggled against relegation for much of the season , but a run of just two defeats in the final 10 fixtures saw the club finish in 14th , their third highest finish in their respective division in the previous ten years . The Derby Evening Telegraph described the campaign as `` Good in patches , poor in others , and ultimately frustrating . '' The season was Nigel Clough 's first full season in the job following his appointment in January 2009 . The club started the season with odds of 21/1 for the title , though the media prediction was that they would improve greatly on the previous campaign 's struggles and push for a playoff place . This proved overly optimistic , however , as the club battled relegation from the Championship for the fifth time in eight seasons . Although the club never fell into the bottom three during the campaign ( the lowest position was 20th ) it spent just six fixtures in the top half of the table , only one of which was achieved after August . A lack of consistency was one reason ; not only in results ( the club never recording more than two consecutive victories ) but also in the club 's inability to field a consistent team selection . A club record 40 players represented the club , with only 6 players making 30 or more league starts , and an over-reliance on loanees ( 14 players signing temporary deals over the season ) also played a part , as did injuries ; one match , away to Ipswich Town in October , came at the height of the club 's injury problems and saw them unable to even name a full complement of substitutes such was the lack of players available . A purple patch of form in February saw the club end local rivals Nottingham Forest 's 19 match unbeaten run , inflict eventual-Champions Newcastle United 's biggest defeat of the season ( 3 -- 0 ) and hit five in a match for the first time in three years when they edged out Preston North End 5 -- 3 at Pride Park , but a run of just three wins in twelve through the end of February until the end of April , ensured that safety was not achieved until the 44th fixture of the season after a 1 -- 1 draw at home to relegation rivals Crystal Palace . One bright point to the campaign came with the reserves successful The Central League Division One Central Section campaign , which saw them finish top and become the first Derby reserves team to win the title since Arthur Cox 's reserves claimed it in the 1985 -- 86 season . It was also the first time a Derby County reserves side had won its respective division since the club successfully captured the Premier Reserve League in 2000 -- 01 . The club sold 21,406 season tickets for the 2009 -- 10 season and had an average home attendance of 29,207 ( down from 29,440 the previous season ) , second only to Champions Newcastle United 's 43,388 and over 4,000 ahead of third placed Sheffield United . The ground operated at 86.9 % capacity , putting it third behind Cardiff City and Blackpool . These averages made Derby the 12th best supported club in the country for the third consecutive season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c29dd815ff689b7fe8c2179390a901e", "text": "Enoch West Enoch James `` Knocker '' West ( 31 March 1886 -- September 1965 ) was an English footballer . Born in Hucknall Torkard , Nottinghamshire , West started his career for Sheffield United . He was not a success at Bramall Lane , and in 1905 a fee of # 5 was enough to convince the Blades to sell him to Nottingham Forest . In 1910 , he transferred to Manchester United . He helped the club win the 1911 league medal . He scored 80 goals in his Manchester United career , his most successful season being the 1911-12 season when he scored a total of 23 goals ; 17 in the league and six in the FA Cup , although United failed to win either of these competitions . In 1915 , he was banned for life by the Football Association , along with three other United players and four Liverpool players after being found guilty of match fixing . West protested his innocence , but his ban was not lifted until 1945 . His suspension , which lasted 30 years , was the longest in Football League history . As he was 59 by the time his ban was lifted , he was never involved in football again . West died in 1965 , at the age of 79 . Free The Manchester United One , written by Graham Sharpe , was a book written about Enoch West 's attempts to clear his name in connection with the match-fixing scandal , many years after his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36c62452336e666995a770e71a39376c", "text": "1910 in sports 1910 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "912324e5b1a0c3547c23e19cc6238ecc", "text": "List of Scunthorpe United F.C. seasons Scunthorpe United Football Club , an English association football club based in Scunthorpe , Lincolnshire , was founded in 1899 as the result of a merger between Brumby Hall F.C. and another club . The team first entered the national cup competition , the FA Cup , in 1909 -- 10 ; they beat Withernsea 8 -- 0 in the preliminary round before losing 4 -- 0 to York City in the first qualifying round . In 1910 , after amalgamating with North Lindsey United , the club took the name Scunthorpe & Lindsey United , and two years later , it became a member of the Midland League . The first team finished that initial season in the lower reaches of the table , but when competitive football resumed after the First World War , they enjoyed consecutive top-seven finishes , culminating in their first Midland League title in 1926 -- 27 , a success fuelled by 52 goals from former England international Ernie Simms . They again won the title in 1938 -- 39 , and it seemed for much of the season as if Harry Johnson was sure to overtake Simms ' total , but he missed several matches in the later part of the season and had to settle for 49 . Scunthorpe made their first application to join the Football League ahead of the formation of the Northern Section of the Third Division in 1921 ; they were not elected , and their bids for election continued to fail until the League 's next expansion , in 1950 . The voting was tight , but Scunthorpe became one of two Midland League teams to join the Northern Section when each regional third-tier division grew from 22 to 24 . They finished the 1950 -- 51 Football League season in mid-table , and seven years later won the Third Division North titlethe last season of that league before the regional divisions were amalgamated into national Third and Fourth Divisionsby a seven-point margin . They also reached the fifth round ( last 16 ) of the FA Cup for the first time , defeating First Division club Newcastle United and holding Liverpool for 75 minutes before conceding the only goal of the match . Ahead of their Second Division debut , the club dropped the Lindsey from its name , becoming plain Scunthorpe United . They spent six seasons at that level , and finished a club record fourth in 1961 -- 62 , five points behind the second promotion place . After four seasons in the Third Division , they dropped to the Fourth , in which they remained for the next 36 years , apart from three single-season ventures into the higher level ; the last of those , in 1999 -- 2000 , came courtesy of their fifth attempt at promotion via the play-offs . The Football League rebranded their divisions ahead of the 2004 -- 05 season , so that the fourth tier became Football League Two , and the change of name coincided with a change of fortune for Scunthorpe . Gaining promotion to League One as runners-up , ahead of Swansea City on goal difference , this time they not only stayed up but went on to win the League One title in 2006 -- 07 . Relegated in their first season in the Championship , they came straight back via the play-offs to spend another two seasons in the second tier . In 2008 -- 09 , they lost to Luton Town in the final of the Football League Trophy , a cup competition open to teams from the third and fourth tiers of the English football league system , and the following season , they reached the last 16 of the League Cup for the first time . As of the end of the 2015 -- 16 season , the team have spent 35 seasons in the fourth tier of the English football league system , 22 in the third , and 9 in the second . The table details the team 's achievements in senior first-team competitions and the top league goalscorer , where known , from their debut season in the FA Cup in 1909 -- 10 to the end of the most recently completed season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a252a72e0d5469653c4f48d91336e07", "text": "List of Newcastle United F.C. records and statistics This article contains the records of Newcastle United Football Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54b6b4b94cb04d56e504cb5f57bba126", "text": "1889–90 Sheffield United F.C. season The 1889 -- 90 season was the first in existence for Sheffield United . Having not been elected to any organised league at that point they predominantly played friendly fixtures but did enter the FA Cup for the first time as well as locally arranged cup competitions The Sheffield Challenge Cup and the Wharncliffe Charity Cup . The club did not employ a manager in this period ; tactics and team selection were decided by The Football Committee and the players were coached by a trainer . J.B. Wostinholm held the position of club secretary , dealing with player transfers and contracts , arranging matches and dealing with the FA . The first season was deemed a reasonable success with steady attendances to home games and progress in the FA Cup although the fluctuating nature of the team meant that consistency was never really achieved . As the season progressed it became obvious that a better standard of player would be required to succeed in League Football and the club began to recruit new players in the spring , notably signing Rab Howell , Mick Whitham and Arthur Watson from nearby Rotherham Swifts who were in financial difficulties . United eventually reached the second round proper of the FA Cup where they were comprehensively beaten by the more experienced Bolton Wanderers and finished the season having been accepted to play in the newly formed Midland Counties League the following term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c33a04c761a5b281be0ad87b1e0619e", "text": "2010–11 Aston Villa F.C. season The 2010 -- 11 Aston Villa F.C. season was Aston Villa 's 136th professional season ; their 100th season in the top-flight ; and their 23rd consecutive season in the top flight of English football , the Premier League . It was also the first ( and only ) season under French manager Gérard Houllier , who was appointed after previous boss Martin O'Neill resigned on 9 August 2010 . Despite a generally disappointing season in both the league and cup competitions , a late surge allowed the club to finish in 9th position in the Premier League ( 3 places lower than their 6th-place finish the previous season ) . Aston Villa once again competed in the UEFA Europa League , marking their 2nd consecutive season in the tournament and 3rd consecutive season in European competition overall . However , after drawing the away fixture , Aston Villa were eliminated for the second consecutive year in the play-off round , and again at the hands of Rapid Vienna . This season marked the first time that four West Midlands county clubs performed in the Premier League . Aston Villa once again contested the Second City derby with Birmingham City , who remain in the league , alongside Wolverhampton Wanderers , who also avoided relegation . West Bromwich Albion also join them in the league , meaning that Villa will contest a total of six local derbies throughout the duration of the Premier League season . An additional derby game at Birmingham City took place on 1 December 2010 in the Football League Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a252fbb7be907c39eb97b7884b958e", "text": "List of Leeds United F.C. managers The following is a list of managers of Leeds United Association Football Club and their major honours from the beginning of the club 's official managerial records in 1919 to the present day . Each manager 's entry includes the dates of his tenure and the club 's overall competitive record ( in terms of matches won , drawn and lost ) and honours won while under his care . As of 2nd June 2016 , Leeds United have had 34 full-time managers . There have also been 9 caretaker managers , 3 of whom had previously occupied the role on a full-time basis , and one of whom has occupied the role three times . The most successful person to manage Leeds United is Don Revie , who won two League Championships , two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups , one Division Two Championship , one FA Cup , one League Cup and one Charity Shield in his 13-year reign as manager . He is also the club 's longest-serving manager , presiding over a total of 740 games from 1961 to 1974 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4f6ae5ec7e22e45927979d15d3d0c5c1", "text": "Brave (2012 film) Brave is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated fantasy comedy-drama film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It was directed by Mark Andrews and Brenda Chapman and co-directed by Steve Purcell . The story is by Chapman , with the screenplay by Andrews , Purcell , Chapman and Irene Mecchi . The film was produced by Katherine Sarafian , with John Lasseter , Andrew Stanton , and Pete Docter as executive producers . The film 's voice cast features Kelly Macdonald , Billy Connolly , Emma Thompson , Julie Walters , Robbie Coltrane , Kevin McKidd , and Craig Ferguson . Set in the Scottish Highlands , the film tells the story of a princess named Merida who defies an age-old custom , causing chaos in the kingdom by expressing the desire not to be betrothed . Chapman drew inspiration for the film 's story from her relationship with her own daughter . Co-directing with Mark Andrews , Chapman became Pixar 's first female director of a feature-length film . To create the most complex visuals possible , Pixar completely rewrote their animation system for the first time in 25 years . Brave is the first film to use the Dolby Atmos sound format . Brave premiered on June 10 , 2012 , at the Seattle International Film Festival , and was released in North America on June 22 , 2012 , to both positive reviews and box office success . The film won the Academy Award , the Golden Globe , and the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Feature Film . Preceding the feature theatrically was a short film entitled La Luna , directed by Enrico Casarosa .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "291383f3e92ce1deb47be72d0faf69da", "text": "Bravehearted Bravehearted is an album by Nas 's protégés , the Queensbridge rap duo Bravehearts . The duo includes Nas 's brother Jungle and fellow friend Wiz . The album , however , did n't do well in sales due to little promotion , it only came in at number 75 in the Billboard 200 Charts and 20 in the Hip Hop/R & B Charts . Besides Nas releasing an album off his Ill Will Records , Bravehearts were the only other label members to release a record off this label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1d2aee4f5a0dce909abf855c8d0b905", "text": "Brave (Sara Bareilles song) `` Brave '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles , taken from her fourth studio album , The Blessed Unrest ( 2013 ) . The song was written by Bareilles and Jack Antonoff from the band fun. , as the singer was inspired from the struggles that a close friend dealt with in regard to coming out as gay . Bareilles requested Mark Endert to produce it with the explicit goal of radio airplay . `` Brave '' was released worldwide through digital download on April 23 , 2013 as the lead single from the album , through Epic Records . `` Brave '' received positive reviews from music critics , with one writing that Bareilles channels singers like Fiona Apple and Florence Welch . Some critics also compared pop singer Katy Perry 's single `` Roar '' to the song . `` Brave '' became Bareilles ' third top 40 hit in the United States , peaking at # 23 , while reaching the top 3 in Australia ( # 3 ) , her highest charting single in the country to date , and also reaching the top five in New Zealand ( # 4 ) , # 26 in South Korea , # 58 in Canada and # 88 in Japan . The song was covered by Lea Michele and Naya Rivera on the 97th episode of the musical series Glee , which aired on February 25 , 2014 . It was featured in a commercial for the Nokia Lumia 1020 and has continued to be used in adverts for Lumia devices . The accompanying music video was directed by actress Rashida Jones , and features Bareilles singing intertwined with clips of people dancing in various public places such as a shopping mall , a gym , a library and a bus stop . The singer also performed `` Brave '' during several live appearances , including at The Today Show and at The Voice . This song was also nominated for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards . Despite its international success , in the United Kingdom `` Brave '' was released in March 2014 , nearly a year after it was first exposed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f55fbf6ae297ecd0ad9f891f45b754c", "text": "Brave (Jamie O'Neal album) Brave is the second studio album from Australian country singer Jamie O'Neal . It was her first release on the Capitol Records label , being issued on 1 March 2005 ( see 2005 in country music ) . It followed an unreleased second album for Mercury Records , titled On My Way to You , the title track of which carried over to Brave . The album reached a peak of number 6 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums chart and number 40 on the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ee7c99c0c2c146d86561c3cdb6a8761", "text": "Superhero (band) Superhero is a British Christian rock band . They come from Glasgow in Scotland ( United Kingdom ) . The band tour extensively throughout the UK , Europe and the United States . Superhero have toured with bands like : Delirious ? , Skillet , DecembeRadio and have supported the likes of Switchfoot , Third Day , Newsboys , Rebecca St James and others as well as mainstream acts like Futureheads and Bell X1 . More recently the band have started to Headline their own `` tours '' and festivals in the UK as well as in the US and Europe , such as Flevo , Big Boss , Festival de Paque , Slot and others . Superhero toured the USA from 2007 - 2010 and are now concentrating on the UK and Eastern Europe with particular attention to Estonia and Latvia . 2014 will see Superhero embark upon their first tour in Russia . The band were signed to Delirious record label in 2004 , securing a marketing and distribution deal with Fierce . The band released 2 albums through Fierce . The band released their 5th studio album entitled : ` Things we need for the Journey ' in 2013 . The new record has been picked up by record labels both here in the UK and also distrobution in the USA . In August 2010 , Superhero announced plans for a 3 year 194 date tour . The tour , which began on 7 October in California has been titled the `` Battle for your Soul '' Tour and continues into the UK through 2011 / 2012 / 2013 with dates in the UK , USA , and throughout Europe . The band will be partnering with other artists , evangelists and local churches and Christian groups around the UK , USA and Europe . The main focus of the tour is reaching people with the Gospel and the aim is to see in excess of 5000 young people responding to the message over the course of the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f302989d6044a5fc5b61d94a331d7e43", "text": "Neighborhoods of Accra The city of Accra is officially divided into four geographical regions - North , West , East , Central - and eleven sub-metropolitan areas : Osu Klottey , Ablekuma North , Ablekuma South , Ayawaso Central , Ayawaso East , Ayawaso North , Ayawaso West , La , Okaikoi North , Okaikoi South , Abossey Okai , and Ashiedu Keteke . The word `` neighborhood '' can take on various official and unofficial meanings . There are , however , 50 official neighborhoods ( i.e. planned and unplanned anchor neighborhoods ) within the city limits of Accra . `` Neighborhoods '' exist on both large and small scales . Osu , Jamestown and Usshertown , established during the colonial era have well-defined boundaries by virtue of their siting around the respective forts of Christiansborg , James Fort , and Ussher Fort . The unplanned nature of the city has resulted in the development of slums and much smaller communities within officially recognized neighborhoods with a well-defined center but poorly identified extremities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8136796421f07a30f9447f24b4282264", "text": "Gay City News Gay City News is a free weekly newspaper based in New York City that focuses on local and national issues relating to the lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender ( LGBT ) community . It was founded in 1994 as Lesbian Gay New York , later LGNY , and was sold to Community Media LLC , owner of The Villager , in 2002 , which renamed the publication . It is the largest LGBT newspaper in the United States , with a circulation of 47,000 . Gay City News came into existence after several incarnations . The newspaper began to form in the late 1980s after the collapse of the LGBT newsmagazine OUTWEEK ( which came into existence in 1989 to compete against the then-dominant New York Native -- which itself folded in 1997 ) . OUTWEEK was famous for firebrand activist style journalism and provided groundbreaking coverage of a then nascent gay civil rights movement . It was one of the first publications to undertake scientific reporting on the growing AIDS crisis . After an investor squabble that closed the magazine , Troy Masters , then an advertising director at OUTWEEK , led the formation of a group to create a new publication ; that publication became known as QW ( or `` QueerWeek '' ) , the first glossy gay magazine , and was funded by William F. Chafin . Mr. Chafin died before the publication could make a profit , and the magazine was closed upon his death . Two years later , Masters sought to establish a newspaper and founded LGNY ( Which stood for `` Lesbian-Gay New York '' ) . LGNY published for eight years and was relaunched in 2002 as Gay City News . Its current editor-in-chief is Paul Schindler , and the associate editor is Duncan Osborne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d395e1c4f849101e53f9e58600d37589", "text": "Habitat International Coalition Habitat International Coalition ( HIC ) is an independent , nonprofit alliance with hundreds of organizations and individuals , which has been working in housing and human settlements for more than 30 years . The Coalition comprises social movements , community-based organizations , support groups and academics . The strength of the Coalition is based on its worldwide membership ( it has members in 117 nations in five continents ) and on the fact that it brings together a range of civil society groups . Dedicated to advocacy and support for the poor , solidarity networking , popular mobilization , debate and analysis , HIC works to unite civil society in a shared commitment to ensuring sustainable habitat and a livable planet for all . Its work focuses on defending and implementing the human rights linked to housing and habitat ; i.e. , land , housing , clean water , sanitation , a healthy environment , access to public goods and services ( e.g. , health , education , transport and recreation ; access to livelihood and social protection , pluralism and the preservation of social , natural , historic and cultural patrimony . Since the ’80 HIC has been developing special capacities seeking gender equality , in a balanced articulation between reflection and action on different issues : the rights ' approach , the right to the city , the social production of habitat , women and habitat and the sustainable habitat . HIC specific work on the right to the city seeks to deepen the analysis and the actions on the proposal of building more just cities worldwide . HIC has been committed since decades in the creation of a theoretical and practical framework for the right to the city . The Coalition articulates and accompanies social movements and organizations in their struggle to achieve the realization of all human rights to ensure the collective well-being of inhabitants ; the democratic management and the social function of the city . HIC is also aware of the global challenges facing worldwide on climate change and food sovereignty and the obvious impacts on the cities : the Coalition works on broaden exchanges between urban and rural movements . HIC 'S work on social production of habitat seeks to derive practical lessons from the compilation , exchange and analysis of `` people 's processes '' in initiating , designing , building and maintaining local environments . These experiences , which build upon local social resources and demonstrate local social reliance and ingenuity , generate and promote methods and strategies that then can be shared and replicated across regions . Each region has given rise to diverse and specific examples of struggles and efforts that emphasize distinct circumstances and priorities to construct people-centred livelihoods . In order to strengthen people 's process for access and provision of land and shelter , lessons learned to date show a need to : understand what sustains the people 's process on land , housing and habitat/settlements development , in urban and rural areas , understand what are the forces , both external and internal , that strengthen or weaken peoples ' processes , including political and economic forces that have a bearing on people 's processes , and in particular the dynamics of the informal and formal land markets ; envision alternative ways to develop cities and other human settlements , evolving a bottom-up perspective on human settlement development without destroying livelihoods , assets and material achievements of the poor , while , quite to the contrary , supporting and nurturing livelihoods , assets and settlements of the poor , and their integration into the city ; articulate and support the people 's processes through policies and actions for both government and nongovernmental organizations ; develop more flexible design-based , knowledge-based and service-based housing policies and outputs with the objective of realizing the human right to adequate housing and equitable land use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5db2791252e7a88476ab7ca587908ff2", "text": "List of city nicknames in California This partial list of city nicknames in California compiles the aliases , sobriquets , mottos and slogans that cities in California are known by ( or have been known by historically ) , officially and unofficially , to locals , outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce . City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity , helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname ; promote civic pride ; and build community unity . Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community `` ideology or myth '' are also believed to have economic value . Their economic value is difficult to measure , but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by `` branding '' themselves by adopting new slogans . Some unofficial nicknames are positive , while others are derisive . The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7b9e6f3f129631b2856bdeebc2fcb9d", "text": "Conscious city A conscious city is a large built environment that is aware of the needs and activities of its inhabitants and responds to them . Research in conscious cities explores how architecture and urban design can better consider and respond to human needs through data analysis , artificial intelligence , and the application of cognitive sciences in design . While a smart city focuses on improving efficiency of services , a conscious city applies new technology and behavioral insight into improving an experience and its mental and physiological effects . It is believed that conscious cities could alleviate ailments such as stress , anxiety and boredom by being sensitive to the pervading moods and personalities of people in different parts of the city . The term was coined by architect Itai Palti and neuroscientist Moshe Bar in their Manifesto for Conscious Cities , published in The Guardian in 2015 . Palti went on to establish the conscious cities movement , stating , `` The challenge is twofold and symbiotic : to empower and facilitate designers to use -LSB- conscious design -RSB- , and to convince policy-makers , and through them , also market-players that a new set of priorities is essential . '' The movement launched the Conscious Cities journal in November 2016 . The first conscious cities conference , called `` Conscious Cities - Architecture and Neuroscience '' , was held in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9480f7c0e026a8fc8a71f20c9e46d003", "text": "Liberation BC Liberation BC is a non-profit animal rights organization based in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , founded in 2004 . It is run entirely by volunteers , including the board of directors , and has an e-mail network of nearly 4000 supporters . The stated mission of Liberation BC is `` to expose animal exploitation through outreach and education , to promote a vegan lifestyle as the most effective and attainable way to protect animals , and to build and provide support for a strong community of effective animal advocates . '' Liberation BC has been involved in several major campaigns since its beginning ; from 2004 until 2007 , it staged weekly demonstrations at local KFCs in conjunction with PETA 's `` Kentucky Fried Cruelty '' campaign . This campaign ended when KFC Canada announced that it would improve its animal welfare standards . During the winter of 2006-2007 , its focus was on clothing chain Bebe for selling fur . In late 2007 , Bebe announced that it would no longer sell fur products as of the winter of 2008 . Liberation BC has also been involved in protests against the Cloverdale Rodeo , which in May 2007 dropped four of its major events after years of cruelty accusations from local animal rights groups . In May 2007 , Liberation BC activists entered the rodeo ring with banners in an attempt to interrupt the rodeo , and were carried out by security guards and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police ( RCMP ) . This action was repeated in August 2008 at the Abbotsford Rodeo . Throughout 2008 and into 2009 , Liberation BC focused on gathering support for a ban on foie gras in Vancouver , as well as general animal rights outreach at various community festivals and events . In March 2009 , the group issued a letter requesting that Vancouver 's `` Greenest City Action Team '' acknowledge the impact that meat consumption has upon the environment , and asked that they recommend that citizens reduce their consumption of animal products . The letter was also signed by the Vancouver Humane Society , Humane Society International Canada , Earthsave Canada , and the Lifeforce Foundation . In 2009 , the group shifted its focus to public outreach and to building a stronger animal rights community in Vancouver . It began the annual Cow Ribbon Campaign for Mother 's Day . The public is encouraged to purchase Holstein-patterned ribbons from the website and wear them to start conversations about the conditions of mother cows and calves in the dairy industry . Online , individuals in the animal rights community place an image of the ribbon on their Twitter or Facebook profiles with a link to CowRibbon.com . In 2010 , Liberation BC began holding community dialogue events , using the `` Unconference '' and `` World Cafe '' models to do so . Every year since then , the group has organized the Vancouver Animal Advocacy Camp , a two-day event which typically brings about 100 attendees from the Pacific Northwest . In the past , the AAC has hosted speakers such as cookbook author Sarah Kramer , Lesley Fox of Fur Bearer Defenders , documentary filmmaker Liz Marshall , and Twyla Francois of Mercy for Animals Canada . The group has also run a free film screening project since 2010 . Titled `` Eyes Wide Open '' , the project shows free animal rights films at the Vancouver Public Library and other public venues several times a year . Past films have included Forks Over Knives , Earthlings , Peaceable Kingdom , and Vegucated , among others . Volunteers are also involved in public outreach on a regular basis , holding information tables at many events in the Vancouver area , including farmers markets , environmental fairs , and local celebrations , as well as leafleting with the groups ' own materials or with Vegan Outreach pamphlets . Volunteer nights are held monthly , allowing activists in the community to come together to write letters , prepare campaign materials , plan future events , and socialize . From 2007 to 2013 , Liberation BC hosted the annual Vancouver Walk for Farm Animals , which raises money for Farm Sanctuary . The group has also participated in the Worldwide Vegan Bake Sale annually since 2010 , raising money for various animal advocacy groups , mostly local . Liberation BC appeared in the December 2011 issue of VegNews as one of `` 10 Nonprofits You Need to Know '' . In April 2013 , the organization began holding weekly `` Chicken Vigils '' outside a Vancouver slaughterhouse in solidarity with the Toronto Pig Save and Cow Save projects , and has continued to do so into 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a26fb481d60da25d950d3138268e4b1", "text": "Courage (disambiguation) Courage is the ability to confront fear in the face of pain , danger , uncertainty or intimidation . Courage may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9062291bd119562e9c0454030a4653b", "text": "Underground city An underground city is a series of linked subterranean spaces that may provide a defensive refuge ; a place for living , working or shopping ; a transit system ; mausolea ; wine or storage cellars ; cisterns or drainage channels ; or several of these . The term may also refer to a network of tunnels that connects buildings beneath street level that may house office blocks , shopping malls , metro stations , theatres , and other attractions . These passages can usually be accessed through the public space of any of the buildings connecting to them , and sometimes have separate entries as well . This latter definition encompasses many modern structures , whereas the former more generally covers tunnel systems from ancient times to the present day . Underground cities are especially functional in cities with very cold or hot climates , because they permit activities to be comfortably accessible year round without regard to the weather . Underground cities are similar in nature to skyway systems and may include some buildings linked by skyways or above-ground corridors rather than underground .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b37c755a96da681a8e299c3dff6c45", "text": "List of municipalities in Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is the sixth-most populous province in Canada with 1,098,352 residents as of 2016 and is the fifth-largest in land area at 588244 km2 . In 2011 , Saskatchewan 's 786 municipalities covered of the province 's land mass and were home to of its population . On December 31 , 2013 , this total was reduced to 782 when Antler , Gladmar , Ruthilda and Shackleton all dissolved from village status . It was further reduced to 779 after the dissolutions of Elstow ( effective December 16 , 2014 ) , Rabbit Lake ( effective October 30 , 2015 ) and Primate ( effective December 31 , 2015 ) . These 779 municipalities are local government `` creatures of provincial jurisdiction '' with natural persons power . One of the key purposes of Saskatchewan 's municipalities are `` to provide services , facilities and other things that , in the opinion of council , are necessary or desirable for all or a part of the municipality '' . Other purposes are to : `` provide good government '' ; `` develop and maintain a safe and viable community '' ; `` foster economic , social and environmental well-being '' and `` provide wise stewardship of public assets . '' The Government of Saskatchewan 's Ministry of Municipal Relations recognizes three general types of municipalities and seven sub-types -- urban municipalities ( cities , towns , villages and resort villages ) , rural municipalities and northern municipalities ( northern towns , northern villages and northern hamlets ) . Cities are formed under the provincial authority of The Cities Act , which was enacted in 2002 . Towns , villages , resort villages and rural municipalities are formed under the authority of The Municipalities Act , enacted in 2005 . The three sub-types of northern municipalities are formed under the authority of The Northern Municipalities Act , enacted in 2010 . As provincial laws , these three acts were passed by the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan with royal assent granted by the Lieutenant Governor . Of Saskatchewan 's 779 municipalities , 459 of them are urban municipalities ( 16 cities , 147 towns , 256 villages and 40 resort villages ) , 296 are rural municipalities and 24 are northern municipalities ( 2 northern towns , 11 northern villages and 11 northern hamlets ) . The Cities Act , The Municipalities Act and The Northern Municipalities Act stipulate governance of these municipalities . Saskatchewan 's Ministry of Municipal Relations is responsible for providing provincial programs and services to municipalities . In 2011 , just over of Saskatchewan 's population resided in its two largest cities . Saskatoon , the largest city , is home to of the province 's population ( 222,189 residents ) , while Regina , Saskatchewan 's capital city , is home to ( 193,100 residents ) . The villages of Dafoe , Keeler , Krydor and Valparaiso are all tied as Saskatchewan 's smallest municipalities by population with 15 people each . The largest municipality by land area is the Rural Municipality of Hudson Bay No. 394 at 12463 km2 , while the smallest by land area are the resort villages of Etters Beach and Pelican Pointe at 0.12 km2 each .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a628dbd1227a186024ad572d5ffef3a", "text": "Downtown Oklahoma City Downtown Oklahoma City is located at the geographic center of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area and contains the principal , central business district of the region . The CBD has over 51,000 workers and over 12000000 sqft of leasable office space to-date . Downtown Oklahoma City is the legal , financial , economic , nightlife , and entertainment center of the region . Downtown Oklahoma City consists of several urban districts that ring the Central Business District ; including the retail oriented A-Alley , the Arts District , the Bricktown Entertainment District , the Deep Deuce residential neighborhood , and the Flatiron District . Unofficial/new areas of downtown OKC include `` Lower Bricktown '' , MidTown urban neighborhood , SOSA ( South of Saint Anthony ` hospital ' ) , WestTown , Film Row urban district , Farmer 's Market , and the new Downtown South `` Core-2-Shore '' neighborhoods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70917eeefaf6a92dffc5645847187605", "text": "Sara Bareilles discography American singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles has released five studio albums , two demo albums , three live albums , five extended plays , eleven singles and nine music videos . After graduating from University of California , Los Angeles , Bareilles independently released her debut album Careful Confessions in January 2004 . In 2005 , music executive Charlie Walk signed her to a record deal with Epic Records . A year after , she began to work with Eric Rosse on her second studio album , Little Voice , which featured re-recorded songs that were originally on Careful Confessions . Little Voice was released on July 2007 and entered the Billboard 200 chart in the United States at number 45 , which marked as her chart debut . The album became a commercial success , it peaked on the chart at number 7 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for shipments of one million copies in the United States , subsequently becoming her most successful studio album to date . Its lead single , `` Love Song '' , became a worldwide hit , charting at the top-ten in many regions . Epic released two additional singles , `` Bottle It Up '' and `` Gravity '' , from Little Voice . After experiencing a writer 's block , she began to work for her third studio album with Neal Avron in 2009 . The album , Kaleidoscope Heart , was released on September 2010 and debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 chart . Its lead single , `` King of Anything '' , became a top-forty hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , and was succeeded by `` Uncharted '' and `` Gon na Get Over You '' as the album 's subsequent single releases . In 2013 , Bareilles began to work for her fourth studio album , The Blessed Unrest , after moving to New York City . The album was released on July 2013 and entered the Billboard 200 chart at number 2 . Two singles , `` Brave '' and `` I Choose You '' , were released from The Blessed Unrest , with `` Brave '' surpassing `` Love Song '' as her longest-staying song on the Billboard Hot 100 . According to Epic Records , Bareilles has sold over 1.75 million albums and 9 million singles in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad6794503d4b77459600610550f94ebe", "text": "Quartier des spectacles Quartier des Spectacles is an arts and entertainment district located in the eastern section of Downtown Montreal , designed as a centre for Montreal 's cultural events and festivals . The Quartier des spectacles is a member of the Global Cultural Districts Network . With a total area of almost one square kilometre , the Quartier is bounded by City Councillors Street to the West , Berri Street to the East , Sherbrooke Street to the North and René Lévesque Boulevard to the South , encompassing all of the district known as Montreal 's Latin Quarter . First proposed in 2002 , the area is intended to house 30 performance halls totalling almost 28,000 seats ( including the Place des Arts cultural complex ) , international festivals , art galleries and various cultural exhibition and broadcast facilities . The Quartier des spectacles hosts nearly 8,500 jobs linked to cultural activities , from education and creation to production , exhibition and broadcasting . The area is now home to many of Montreal 's major festivals , including the Montreal International Jazz Festival , the Francofolies and the Just for Laughs comedy fest . Urban design features of the district include concert spaces , tiered green space and stonework , illuminated fountains , various forms of street lighting , mist machines , bike paths and illuminated walkways . The central public space for the Quartier is the , a new urban square located on the `` Balmoral Block '' on Jeanne-Mance Street , facing Place des Arts . The latter has become a focal point for outdoor events . Features of the square include a water fountain with 235 in-ground jets , four light towers , two glass-encased restaurants , a grassy slope and granite walkways .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "451c1d07900c016af689dfcdb5a635b5", "text": "List of cities in Saskatchewan A city is a type of incorporated urban municipality in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . A city is created from a town by the Minister of Municipal Affairs by ministerial order via section 39 of The Cities Act if the town has a population of 5,000 or more and the change in status is requested by the town council . In the early history of the province , the threshold for city status was much lower , with both Saskatoon and Regina achieving city status with populations in the 3,000 range . One city , Melville , currently has a population well below the 5,000 mark , but retains its city status as of 2015 . Saskatchewan has 16 cities including Lloydminster , which traverses the provincial border with Alberta , but not including Flin Flon , which traverses the provincial border with Manitoba . Not including Flin Flon , Saskatchewan 's cities had a cumulative population of 595,707 and an average population of 37,232 in the 2011 Census . Saskatchewan 's largest and smallest cities are Saskatoon and Melville with populations of 222,189 and 4,546 respectively . __ FORCETOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "009cad48574075a817dc69b59cb0d66b", "text": "Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Coeur d'Alene ( -LSB- kɔər_dəˈleɪn -RSB- ) is the largest city and county seat of Kootenai County , Idaho , United States . It is the principal city of the Coeur d'Alene Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population of Coeur d'Alene was 44,137 . The city is a satellite city of Spokane , which is located about 30 mi to the west , in the state of Washington . The two cities are the key components of the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene Combined Statistical Area , of which Coeur d'Alene is the third largest city ( after Spokane and its largest suburb , Spokane Valley ) . Coeur d'Alene is the largest city in northern Idaho Panhandle . The city is situated on the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene , 25 mi in length . Locally , Coeur d'Alene is known as the `` Lake City , '' or simply called by its initials : `` CDA '' . The city of Coeur d'Alene has grown significantly in recent years , in part because of a substantial increase in tourism , encouraged by several resorts in the area . Broadcaster and media figure Barbara Walters called the city `` a little slice of Heaven '' and included it in her list of most fascinating places to visit . On November 28 , 2007 , Good Morning America broadcast the city 's Christmas lighting ceremony because its display is among the largest in the United States . The Coeur d'Alene Resort takes up a prominent portion of the city 's downtown . It is also near two major ski resorts : Silver Mountain Resort to the east in Kellogg , and Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort to the north in Sandpoint . The city is named after the Coeur d'Alene People , a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who lived along the rivers and lakes of the region , in a territory of 5,500 sqmi extending into Washington and Montana . They were first encountered by French fur traders in the late 18th and early 19th century , who referred to them as Cœur d'Alène , meaning `` heart of an awl , '' reflecting their experience of the tribal traders as tough businessmen , `` sharp-hearted '' or `` shrewd '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dd58522106163a5f5d32bb20c2d63b3", "text": "Brave (The Shires album) Brave is the debut studio album by British country music duo The Shires , released in 2015 . The album peaked at number ten on the UK Albums Chart , making the Shires the first ever homegrown British country act to have a top ten album in Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5a962e90648a64d81fe0f0ff1e173a7", "text": "Final Fantasy: Brave Exvius is a free-to-play role-playing game developed by A-lim and published by Square Enix for iOS and Android devices . A spinoff of the Final Fantasy series , the game marks as the first collaborative effort between Square-Enix and both A-lim and Gumi . It was released in Japan in October 2015 , and worldwide in June 2016 . By the end of 2016 , the app had been downloaded over five million times worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "83bfc951d17e4548ca52407b6720be20", "text": "Boston Bruins The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team and is the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . Their home arena is the TD Garden , where they have played since 1995 . The Bruins began play in the NHL on December 1 , 1924 . The first facility to host them was what was then known as the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) -- the world 's oldest ( built 1909 -- 10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition -- and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da446340a785164fcb08cb4167d6dee", "text": "Boston Celtics The Boston Celtics ( -LSB- ˈsɛltɪks -RSB- ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 and one of eight NBA teams ( out of 23 total teams ) to survive the league 's first decade , the team is owned by Boston Basketball Partners LLC . The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The franchise 's 17 championships are the most of any NBA team , and account for 24.3 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding in 1946 . As a percentage of championships won , the Celtics are the most successful franchise to date in the major four traditional North American professional sports leagues . The Celtics have played the Lakers a record 12 times in the finals , including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 , where the Celtics have won nine meetings ( but only two since 1980 ) . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Their mascot ` Lucky the Leprechaun ' is a nod to the team 's Irish heritage and to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics rose again after struggling through the 1990s to win a championship in 2008 with the help of Kevin Garnett , Paul Pierce , and Ray Allen in what was known as the new `` Big Three '' era , following the original `` Big Three '' era of the 1980s that featured Larry Bird , Kevin McHale , and Robert Parish . After the end of the second `` Big Three '' era , general manager Danny Ainge began a rebuilding process with the help of new head coach Brad Stevens , who led the Celtics to a return to the playoffs in 2015 , 2016 , and 2017 . During the 2016 -- 17 season , the Celtics clinched the top seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6ce3502b3cb711a4fcda43ae55321385", "text": "Conte Forum The Silvio O. Conte Forum , commonly known as Conte Forum , Kelley Rink ( for ice hockey games ) , or simply Conte , is an 8,606-seat multi-purpose arena which opened in 1988 on the campus of Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts that lies within the Brighton neighborhood of Boston . Conte Forum is home to the Boston College Eagles men 's and women 's basketball and ice hockey teams as well as the Boston College Marching Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f85937b963443867241afbb9c4a44cc", "text": "RIT Tigers men's ice hockey The RIT Tigers men 's ice hockey team is one of two hockey teams representing Rochester Institute of Technology in suburban Rochester , New York . The school 's men 's team competes in the Division I Atlantic Hockey conference . The team has won two national championships , one each at the Division II and Division III levels . It lost in the semifinals of the Division I `` Frozen Four '' in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1386301238cae22a4bc6ff9f0dde9840", "text": "London Ice House The London Ice House was an arena in London , Ontario , Canada . It was originally built in 1963 and was home to the London Knights ice hockey team from 1965 to 2002 . The arena had a capacity of approximately 5,000 and was designed as a one level Boston Garden . The arena was originally named Treasure Island Gardens as the building was a part of the Treasure Island Plaza mall complex located in south London . The arena also included a second ice pad but was eventually closed . In 1994 , the London Knights and the building were purchased by new owner Doug Tarry , who renamed building as the London Ice House . Tarry upgraded the building in 1994 , including replacing the seats on the sides and adding more emergency exits to bring the building up to the fire code , but once the refurbishing was complete the team and building went downhill steadily , as Tarry preferred to allow the building to deteriorate as part of his lobbying the city for a new arena , given that they were the only team in the OHL who owned their own building without municipal assistance and taxes in excess of $ 125,000 per year in 1999 . The team was sold as the city warmed up to building a new facility . The London Knights underwent a renaissance after being purchased by Dale and Mark Hunter in a deal brokered by George Georgopoulos who was negotiating with the City for a multi-purpose entertainment centre and arena in Downtown London . The team would leave the Gardens/Ice House after the 2001-02 season and relocate to the newly built John Labatt Centre later renamed to Budweiser Gardens on the former Talbot Block in Downtown London the following season . The last goal ever scored at the London Ice House was scored in overtime by Carlo Colaiacovo of the Erie Otters in the 2002 OHL Playoffs . The Rolling Stones played the arena on April 26 , 1965 , but due to rioting in the audience , the show was shut down by police after only 15 minutes . Since the concert , only Bill Wyman ( from the 1965 Stones - who is no longer with the band ) returned to London and performed at the London Ice Gardens with his band in 2001 . Also , one other highlight from the concert was that former NHL player and head coach Pat Quinn promoted the event and brought the Rolling Stones to London . Another one of the arena 's most famous moments came in February 1968 , when singer Johnny Cash proposed onstage to his longtime partner , June Carter Cash , during a concert at the building . After the Ice House 's closure it was purchased by investors who turned it into a motocross facility called the London Motoplex ; however , the investment group were not making payments during their ownership . The ownership of the building returned to the Hunter brothers afterward . Most of the old seats and all of the hockey memorabilia was sold at auction . The 1994-era seats were purchased by the Windsor Spitfires organization , who installed them at the Windsor Arena . Since 2004 , a group of investors ( made up of business , community , and government investment ) converted the former hockey arena and motocross track into an indoor cycling track and became the Forest City Velodrome . The Forest City Velodrome Association ( a non-profit organization ) operates the races , clinics , and other activities at the track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "118cc1ed79b2e0e7268aa7721b843a27", "text": "Merrimack Warriors The Merrimack Warriors are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Merrimack College , located in North Andover , Massachusetts , in NCAA sporting competitions . All of the Warrior athletic teams compete at the Division II level with the exception of the men 's and women 's ice hockey programs , which compete at the Division I level . While the ice hockey programs are members of the Hockey East conference , the remaining teams are members of the Northeast-10 Conference . Merrimack has been a member of the NE-10 since 1984 . The College 's combination of academic and athletic success has garnered Merrimack the # 4 ranking in the country among NCAA Division II schools in the Top 100 Collegiate Power Rankings that are published by the National College Scouting Association . In addition , Merrimack finished 96th in the overall NCSA Power Rankings across all three NCAA divisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "519b220bb401e4051beab4d446dde27d", "text": "McHugh Forum McHugh Forum was a 4,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . Built in 1958 , it was the first on-campus home to the Boston College Eagles hockey team . It also hosted the NCAA Frozen Four in 1963 . It closed in 1987 before the Conte Forum opened . Category : Boston College Eagles ice hockey Category : Defunct college ice hockey venues in the United States Category : Defunct indoor ice hockey venues in the United States Category : Sports venues in Massachusetts Category : Buildings and structures in Suffolk County , Massachusetts Category : Sports venues completed in 1958 Category :1958 establishments in Massachusetts Category :1987 disestablishments in Massachusetts", "title": "" }, { "docid": "698947524f974ebd4825ff8ce338611f", "text": "Richfield Ice Arena Richfield Ice Arena is an ice arena located in the city of Richfield , Minnesota . The Arena offers skating lessons , skate rental , open skating and open hockey . The Arena is the home rink for Richfield High School and Holy Angels High School , as well as the Minnesota Magicians , a North American Hockey League team . The Richfield Hockey Association coordinates the youth hockey program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5e101899f1ffe3076b1d1503ddf92ca", "text": "Family Arena The Family Arena is a multi-purpose arena in St. Charles , Missouri , built in 1999 . The arena seats 9,643 for hockey , 9,755 for football , 10,467 for basketball , 6,339 for half-house concerts and up to 11,522 for end-stage concerts . In addition to sporting events , concerts , circuses and ice shows the arena is also used for trade shows with a total of 39900 sqft of exhibit space ( 17900 sqft on the arena floor and 22000 sqft on the arena concourse ) . It was formerly the home of the Missouri River Otters and St. Charles Chill ice hockey teams , the RiverCity Rage indoor football team , and the St. Louis Steamers indoor soccer team . Currently it is home to the River City Raiders of Arena Pro Football and the St. Louis Ambush of the Major Arena Soccer League . The Family Arena has served as an annual location for one of many world wide regional Bible conventions hosted , admission free with no parking or collection ever taken up , by Jehovah 's Witnesses . The Family Arena also hosted Boeing Integrated Defense Systems ' `` Recommitment to Ethics Day '' in 2005 and 2006 for Greater St. Louis . Since 2008 , the Family Arena has been host to the Missouri Valley Conference Women 's Basketball Championship Tournament . Until Chaifetz Arena opened in 2008 , Family Arena was the St. Louis stop for the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus , Disney on Ice and Champions on Ice . The latter moved to Chaifetz that year while the circus and Disney on Ice moved to Scottrade Center to replace the St. Louis Billikens , who had also moved to Chaifetz . The Family Arena has also been host to nationally televised professional wrestling events . The arena was the site of the Extreme Championship Wrestling 's Wrestlepalooza 2000 event on April 16 , 2000 . The arena also hosted Total Nonstop Action Wrestling 's Lockdown pay-per-view on April 15 , 2007 and the 2010 edition on April 18 , 2010 . The Christian rock band MercyMe performed at Family Arena annually from 2007 until 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43f09d4729dd552a43a679d0e2ed46c7", "text": "OSU Ice Rink The OSU Ice Rink is a 1,000 seat hockey rink located at Ohio State University in Columbus , Ohio , United States . The rink was built in 1961 by Anthony Habart and houses the Ohio State Buckeyes women 's ice hockey team . The men 's hockey team occupied the facility from 1963 until 1998 , when the Value City Arena was completed . A 1999 renovation brought the rink to full NHL dimensions and improved the facilities . The rink is located adjacent to the east side of St. John Arena on Woody Hayes Drive , just north of Ohio Stadium . In 2007 , the men 's Buckeye hockey team played three preliminary-round CCHA tournament games at the Ice Rink due to scheduling conflicts with the OHSAA Wrestling Tournament at Value City Arena . These games marked the men 's ice hockey team 's first game in the Ice Rink since 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95d07f9d4949335449130e571f427d86", "text": "1967–68 Boston Celtics season The 1967 -- 68 Boston Celtics season was their 22nd in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7a819d4c55ed654d663e2c935a47cf5", "text": "2016–17 Boston University Terriers women's ice hockey season The Boston University Terriers represented Boston University in Women 's Hockey East Association during the 2016 -- 17 NCAA Division I women 's ice hockey season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0c121193301a22d54030e3988575f5d", "text": "1992 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament The 1992 ECAC Hockey Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 31st tournament in league history . It was played between March 3 and March 14 , 1992 . Preliminary and quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites , while the ` final four ' games were , for the final time , played at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . By winning the tournament , St. Lawrence received the ECAC 's automatic bid to the 1992 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16af261058d999d851fe222f6b97a7ef", "text": "Amateur Athletic Association (basketball) The Amateur Athletic Association is an amateur basketball league that was created in 1897 . It hosts the annual AAU National Tournament . All players participating have to be amateurs . During the 1960s players who left college before the formation of the American Basketball League and American Basketball Association had two three options : The National Basketball League , the Eastern League or AAU basketball . And the AAU basketball was attractive to many players who wished to remain eligible for the Olympics . Several AAU teams were sponsored by corporations which provided jobs to the players on their teams . Famous NBA names played or coached in the AAU Tournaments such as David Robinson , Larry Brown , Gregg Popovich , Bob Kurland , Mike Krzyzewski ( as a coach ) , Jay Triano , Phil Jordon , Roger Brown , George Yardley , Jim Pollard , Clyde Lovellette and Bob Boozer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4686d9f349e903c37a315932671e1ac", "text": "Valley Jr. Warriors The Valley Jr. . Warriors are an American Tier III junior ice hockey organization playing in Haverhill , Massachusetts . They have two Tier III teams that play in the Eastern Hockey League Premier and 19U Elite Divisions . The organization also fields a number of youth hockey teams at the Bantam , Peewee , and Squirt other various levels . The youth hockey teams compete in the Elite 9 Hockey League and the Mass State Select League . The teams play home games at the Haverhill Valley Forum in Haverhill , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c33d40e2dd36a6456ae9bee808f94177", "text": "New York Americans The New York Americans , colloquially known as the Amerks , were a professional ice hockey team based in New York City , New York from 1925 to 1942 . They were the third expansion team in the history of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and the second to play in the United States . The team never won the Stanley Cup , but reached the semifinals twice . While it was the first team in New York City , it was eclipsed by the second , the New York Rangers , which arrived in 1926 under the ownership of the Amerks ' landlord , Madison Square Garden . The team operated as the Brooklyn Americans during the 1941 -- 42 season before suspending operations in 1942 due to the World War II and long-standing financial difficulties . The demise of the club marked the beginning of the NHL 's Original Six era from 1942 to 1967 , though the Amerks ' franchise was not formally canceled until 1946 . The team 's overall regular season record was 255 -- 402 -- 127 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "084d949e4886d4515f8e64ad713101e7", "text": "USA Hockey USA Hockey ( prior to June 1991 , Amateur Hockey Association of the United States or AHAUS ) is recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic Committee as the governing body for organized amateur Ice hockey in the United States and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation . Founded on Oct. 29 , 1937 , in New York City , New York , the organization is based in Colorado Springs , Colorado , and has a total membership exceeding one million . Its mission is to promote the growth of hockey in America and provide the best possible experience for all participants by encouraging , developing , advancing and administering the sport . USA Hockey programs support and develop players , coaches , officials , and facilities . In January 2009 , the organization launched the American Development Model , which - for the first time ever - provided associations nationwide with a blueprint for optimal athlete development . USA Hockey also has junior and adult hockey programs that provide opportunities for players of all ability levels . In addition , the organization supports a disabled hockey program . USA Hockey provides certification programs for coaches and officials to ensure education standards are met that coincide with the level of play . A large focus is put on parent education with equipment needs , rules of the game and parental roles in youth sports among common topics . Members of the organization receive a subscription to USA Hockey Magazine . At 412,892 subscribers , it is the most widely circulated hockey publication in the world . Members also receive insurance coverage and access to participate in national championships and player development camps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa638825739703d5d2eb7c129fd206be", "text": "1972–73 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season The 1972 -- 73 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in November 1972 and concluded with the 1973 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 17 , 1973 at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . This was the 26th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 79th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . After the season Denver 's participation in the NCAA tournament was vacated due to violations of NCAA regulations . After the season Army was classified as a Division II squad as part of the NCAA 's numerical classification system . Lake Superior State began to sponsor their ice hockey program and the team was promptly admitted into the CCHA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07bf1c6ca5bf9287482755fca64c7981", "text": "Hamilton Ice Arena Hamilton Ice Arena is a year-round indoor arena and recreational sport facility in Columbus , Indiana . Hamilton features 17000 sqft of ice . Originally an outdoor facility , Hamilton Ice Arena was designed by Harry Weese and built in 1958 . The building is chalet style , with coarse materials and a triple-beamed roof . In 1975 , a continuation of the structures was added to enclose and expand the skating area to a regulation size hockey rink and adjoining practice area . Skaters from beginners to competitive enjoy this top-notch facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9404d2139d2939f02ba60e2358f0a6b", "text": "Boston Jr. Shamrocks The Boston Junior Shamrocks was a Junior A hockey team playing in the Eastern Junior Hockey League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4091f49b46e3fdf12d307741e295a856", "text": "Atlantic Northeast The Atlantic Northeast is a region of North America , which includes the US states of Connecticut , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , New Hampshire , Vermont , and Maine , as well as the Canadian Maritimes . The Atlantic Northeast region is noted for its cultural unity , stark climate , landscape of dense forests , and a shared economic history in the exploitation of logging and the regional fishery . Further uniting this area is the `` Gray Zone '' which is an area of land and sea which is claimed by both Canada and the United States . It is located off the coasts of New Brunswick and Maine . The only land within this area are two islands , Machias Seal Island and North Rock . The `` Gray Zone '' is one of four areas between the two countries whose sovereignty is still in dispute , but is the only one of the disputed areas containing land . In 1979 , both countries filed a joint application to the International Court of Justice to avoid having the dispute settled when oceanic boundaries in the area were set for mineral and fishing rights . Canadians have had a continuous presence in the area since 1832 when a lighthouse was built . Since the Atlantic Northeast is such a large region , it is home to many different types of wildlife , sports teams , and geographical locations . The Atlantic Northeast is home to the Boston Celtics , Boston Bruins , New England Patriots , Halifax Hurricanes , Boston Red Sox and many more . It also includes many notable species including the Bald Eagle , Atlantic Salmon , and the Swamp Pink . Lastly , the Atlantic Northeast includes many geographical places of interest including the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument and Salem , Massachusetts , home of the Salem Witch Trials . Though cross-border connections are widely acknowledged , the area has rarely been given a single name . `` Atlantic Northeast '' is a term that has been used most prominently in discussions of regional folk culture , another name that is used is Atlantica . '' These names are often tied to various proposals for greater economic or political integration of the region", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c73f1babb3e664dce6b0ab7c8ed6c726", "text": "New England New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeast United States : Connecticut , Maine , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Rhode Island , and Vermont . It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and south , and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north , respectively . The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast , and Long Island Sound is to the south . Boston , the capital of Massachusetts , is New England 's largest city . The largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston , which also includes Worcester ( the second-largest city in both Massachusetts and New England ) , Manchester ( the largest city in New Hampshire ) , and Providence ( the capital and largest city of Rhode Island ) , with nearly a third of the entire region 's population . In 1620 , Puritan Separatist Pilgrims from England first settled in the region , forming the Plymouth Colony , the second successful English settlement in the Americas , following the Jamestown Settlement in Virginia founded in 1607 . Ten years later , more Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston , thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony . Over the next 126 years , people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars , until the British and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquin allies in North America . In 1692 , the town of Salem , Massachusetts and surrounding areas experienced one of the most infamous cases of mass hysteria in the history of the Western Hemisphere , the Salem witch trials . In the late 18th century , political leaders from the New England Colonies known as the Sons of Liberty initiated resistance to Britain 's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists . The Boston Tea Party was a protest to which Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government , which were termed the `` Intolerable Acts '' by the colonists . The confrontation led to the first battles of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 , and the expulsion of the British authorities from the region in spring 1776 . The region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States , and was the first region of the U.S. transformed by the Industrial Revolution , centered on the Blackstone and Merrimack river valleys . The physical geography of New England is diverse for such a small area ; southeastern New England is covered by a narrow coastal plain , while the western and northern regions are dominated by the rolling hills and worn-down peaks of the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains . With the Atlantic fall line lying so close to the coast , numerous industrial cities were able to take advantage of water power along the numerous rivers , such as the Connecticut River , which bisects the region from north to south . Each state is principally subdivided into small incorporated municipalities known as towns , many of which are governed by town meetings . The only unincorporated areas in the region exist in the sparsely populated northern regions of Maine , New Hampshire , and Vermont . The region is one of the U.S. Census Bureau 's nine regional divisions and the only multi-state region with clear , consistent boundaries . It maintains a strong sense of cultural identity , although the terms of this identity are often contrasted , combining Puritanism with liberalism , agrarian life with industry , and isolation with immigration .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4091f49b46e3fdf12d307741e295a856", "text": "Atlantic Northeast The Atlantic Northeast is a region of North America , which includes the US states of Connecticut , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , New Hampshire , Vermont , and Maine , as well as the Canadian Maritimes . The Atlantic Northeast region is noted for its cultural unity , stark climate , landscape of dense forests , and a shared economic history in the exploitation of logging and the regional fishery . Further uniting this area is the `` Gray Zone '' which is an area of land and sea which is claimed by both Canada and the United States . It is located off the coasts of New Brunswick and Maine . The only land within this area are two islands , Machias Seal Island and North Rock . The `` Gray Zone '' is one of four areas between the two countries whose sovereignty is still in dispute , but is the only one of the disputed areas containing land . In 1979 , both countries filed a joint application to the International Court of Justice to avoid having the dispute settled when oceanic boundaries in the area were set for mineral and fishing rights . Canadians have had a continuous presence in the area since 1832 when a lighthouse was built . Since the Atlantic Northeast is such a large region , it is home to many different types of wildlife , sports teams , and geographical locations . The Atlantic Northeast is home to the Boston Celtics , Boston Bruins , New England Patriots , Halifax Hurricanes , Boston Red Sox and many more . It also includes many notable species including the Bald Eagle , Atlantic Salmon , and the Swamp Pink . Lastly , the Atlantic Northeast includes many geographical places of interest including the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument and Salem , Massachusetts , home of the Salem Witch Trials . Though cross-border connections are widely acknowledged , the area has rarely been given a single name . `` Atlantic Northeast '' is a term that has been used most prominently in discussions of regional folk culture , another name that is used is Atlantica . '' These names are often tied to various proposals for greater economic or political integration of the region", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe56a3314879f5cc84d020a6590beb7d", "text": "Flag of New England There is no official Flag of New England . Consequently , `` the Flag of New England '' can refer to any number of historical and modern banners used to represent Massachusetts , the New England Colonies , or the six states in the New England region of the northeastern United States . There are some variations , but common designs include a plain colored field ( usually red ) with a pine tree in the canton . Pinus strobus , the eastern white pine , is the most common symbol of New England and most often represents that tree 's former importance in shipbuilding and New England maritime culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bcdf188dee999e0ac3ae355bc4c97ef", "text": "Restoration colony A restoration colony was one of a number of land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England in the later half of the 17th century , ostensibly as a reward to his supporters in the Stuart Restoration . The grants marked the resumption of English colonization of the Americas after a 30-year hiatus . The two major restoration colonies were the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of Carolina . The founding of the Carolinas is described thusly : In 1663 , three years after he was restored to his father 's throne , England 's Charles II granted a vast territory named Carolina to a group of supporters during his years of exile . Its boundaries extended from Virginia southward to central Florida and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean . Within this potential empire , eight London-based proprietors , including several involved in Barbados sugar plantations , gained governmental powers and semifeudal rights to the land . The system of governance planned for Carolina had both feudal and modern features . To lure settlers , the proprietors promised religious freedom and offered land free for the asking . But onto this generous land offer they grafted a scheme for a semimedieval government in which they , their deputies , and a few noblemen would monopolize political power . Reacting to a generation of revolutionary turbulence in England , they designed Carolina as a model of social and political stability in which a hereditary aristocracy would check boisterous small landholders . The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and Connecticut Colony were given their formal charters and Rhode Island even honored the King with King 's Province ( what has since been renamed Washington County , Rhode Island ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ab67272355d3d6c3394f50fb781c643", "text": "Puritans The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to `` purify '' the Church of England from its `` Catholic '' practices , maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d06637850ab8e95a78ec8e718b12424", "text": "Eliot family (America) For the British noble family of St Germans , Cornwall , see Earl of St Germans The Eliot family is the American branch of one of several British families to hold this surname . This branch is based in Boston but originated in East Coker , Yeovil , Somerset . It is one of the Boston Brahmins , a bourgeois family , whose ancestors had become wealthy and held sway over the American education system . All are the descendants of two men named Andrew Eliot , father and son , who emigrated from East Coker to Beverly , Massachusetts between 1668 and 1670 . The elder Andrew ( 1627-March 1 , 1703/04 ) served the town and colony in a number of positions and in 1692 was chosen as a juror in the Salem witch trials . His son Andrew ( 1651-September 12 , 1688 ) married Mercy Shattuck in 1680 in Beverly and died by drowning after falling off a ship . The ranks include several college presidents , one Nobel prize winner , and presidents of American professional associations . Charles W. Eliot transformed Harvard from a college to a research institution , a model which many American universities have followed . William Greenleaf Eliot co-founded Washington University in St. Louis in 1853 and Thomas H. Eliot was chancellor of that institution from 1962-71 ; William Greenleaf Eliot 's son Thomas Lamb Eliot went further west and was a seminal figure in the founding of Reed College in Portland , Oregon in 1911 . The poet T. S. Eliot moved to England and his ashes were interred in East Coker , England . He wanted to be laid to rest in the original birthplace of his first American ancestor and other Eliot ancestors . Another branch of the American Eliot family descend from Rev. John Eliot of Roxbury , Massachusetts , known as the `` Apostle to the Indians . '' His son , John Eliot , Jr. , was the first pastor of the First Church of Christ in Newton . In turn , John Eliot Jr. 's son , Joseph Eliot , became a pastor in Guilford , Connecticut , and later fathered Jared Eliot , another pastor as well as agricultural writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5500b33b959e64243345a04c88ab7902", "text": "European witchcraft Belief in and practice of witchcraft in Europe can be traced to classical antiquity and has continuous history during the Middle Ages , culminating in the Early Modern witch hunts and giving rise to the fairy tale and popular culture `` witch '' stock character of modern times , as well as to the concept of the `` modern witch '' in Wicca and related movements of contemporary witchcraft . The topic is a complex amalgamation of the practices of folk healers , folk magic , ancient belief in sorcery in pagan Europe , Christian views on heresy , medieval and early modern practice of ceremonial magic and simple fiction in folklore and literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e0cd7aa31da46095e447b273d932476", "text": "Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) . Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day . In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans . The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward . The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico . Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice . The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells . Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "538d31ff73d4ae4f4d632a96a1a2b124", "text": "New England Puritan culture and recreation The Puritan culture of the New England colonies of the seventeenth century was influenced by Calvinist Theology , which believed in a `` just , almighty God '' and a lifestyle that consisted of pious , consecrated actions . The Puritans participated in their own forms of recreational activity , including visual arts , literature , and music . The Puritans were educated and literate , and their culture was broadly based in the arts and languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "639516f7b8adccdc99596559aace2288", "text": "Elizabeth \"Harriot\" Wilson Elizabeth Wilson ( 1762January 3 , 1786 ) was an American whose execution by hanging for the purported murder of her children in southeastern Pennsylvania during the immediate post-Revolutionary War period made her a folklore figure in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century . Although her responsibility for the children 's deaths had not been definitively established , the hanging was carried out and a pardon , granted by the state and entrusted to her brother , William , was not delivered in time to stop the execution . There was tremendous popular interest in her story , which quickly evolved into a tale of moral failing and divine redemption . Following his sister 's death , William became a recluse , popularly known as The Pennsylvania Hermit . In some sources , William and Elizabeth are referred to as Amos Wilson and Harriot Wilson . However , the historical record leaves no doubt that the Hermit and his sister were named William and Elizabeth . The origin of these `` alternate '' names has never been fully explained . Many key elements of the Wilsons ' saga are documented in the records of the Chester County Courts and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . However , the story quickly became a part of local folklore and was embellished by generations of storytellers . It is possible to note which elements of the tale are a part of the historical record and which might be considered suspect . However , `` the Wilson Story '' might best be considered historical fiction , as the popular tale incorporates elements of both , and even scholarly discussions of the events are at odds regarding certain details . The following is a synthesis of numerous , often conflicting sources and is best regarded as historical fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e170197f97e976b43bfe69ff13c8337", "text": "Merrimack Valley The Merrimack Valley is a bi-state region along the Merrimack River in the U.S. states of New Hampshire and Massachusetts , United States . The Merrimack is one of the larger waterways in the New England region and has helped define the livelihood and culture of those living along it since native times . Major cities in the Merrimack Valley include Concord , Manchester and Nashua in New Hampshire , as well as Lowell , Lawrence and Haverhill in Massachusetts . The Merrimack Valley was a major center of the textile industry in America during the 19th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ef0d8a8c27e40570e35f8d55a04d62", "text": "Black Death in England The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic , which reached England in June 1348 , and died down by December 1349 . It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . The term `` Black Death '' was not used until the late 17th Century . Originating in China , it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony . The plague seems to have been spread by flea-infected rats , as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent . Rats were the reservoir hosts of the Y. pestis bacteria and the Oriental rat flea was the primary vector . The first known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth , Dorset , from Gascony in June 1348 . By autumn , the plague had reached London , and by summer 1349 it covered the entire country , before dying down by December . Low estimates of mortality in the early twentieth century have been revised upwards due to re-examination of data and new information , and a figure of 40 -- 60 % of the population is widely accepted . The English government handled the crisis well , and the country did not experience the extreme reactions that were seen elsewhere in Europe . The most immediate consequence was a halt to the campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War . In the long term , the decrease in population caused a shortage of labour , with subsequent rise in wages , resisted by the landowners , which caused deep resentment among the lower classes . The Peasants ' Revolt of 1381 was largely a result of this resentment , and even though the rebellion was suppressed , in the long term serfdom was ended in England . The Black Death also affected artistic and cultural efforts , and may have helped advance the use of the vernacular . In 1361 -- 62 the plague returned to England , this time causing the death of around 20 % of the population . After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries , in local or national outbreaks . From this point on its effect became less severe , and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665 -- 66 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d79d2825312e69557608ddc636c1c419", "text": "Abigail Hobbs Abigail Hobbs was a girl of about 14 to 16 years old when she was arrested for witchcraft on April 18 , 1692 along with Giles Corey , Mary Warren , and Bridget Bishop . Prior to living in Salem Village ( now Danvers , Massachusetts ) , she and her family had lived in Casco , Maine , the frontier of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , during a time when there were many attacks by the Wabanaki Native Americans . Her father William and stepmother , Deliverance Hobbs , were also both charged with witchcraft . During her multiple examinations by local magistrates between April and June 1692 , Abigail confessed and accused others of witchcraft , including John Proctor . At her trial in September , she pleaded guilty to both indictments against her , one for afflicting Mercy Lewis and another for covenanting with the Devil . In her examination on April 20 , 1692 , Abigail Hobbs accused George Burroughs , the previous minister of Salem , of being a witch . With the naming of Minister Burroughs , a well-respected member of the community , many accusations came forth and climbed up the social hierarchy . Governor William Phips granted the Hobbs family a reprieve in January 1693 , after Chief Magistrate William Stoughton had signed the warrant for her execution . In 1710 , her father , William Hobbs , petitioned the General Court to compensate him for # 40 expenses that the family 's imprisonment cost him but said he was willing to accept # 10 , which the court granted him in 1712 . She was among those named in the Act for Reversal of Attainder by the Massachusetts Great and General Court , October 17 , 1711 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7275bfc51418a697fba6058d79fb1249", "text": "Maleficium (sorcery) Maleficium as a Latin term means `` wrongdoing '' or `` mischief '' , and describes malevolent , dangerous , or harmful magic , `` evildoing , '' or `` malevolent sorcery '' . In general , the term applies to any magical act intended to cause harm or death to people or property . Maleficium can involve the act of poisoning or drugging someone . Practitioners of Melificium are not exclusively females , although , popular culture of witchcraft favors it . Women accused of Maleficium were punished by being imprisoned or even executed . In the Byzantine Empire astrologers ( Lat . mathematici ) were considered magical wrongdoers , and so were heretics . The term appears in several historically important texts , notably in the Formicarius ( printed 1475 ) and in the Malleus Maleficarum ( 1487 ) . The Knights Templar were accused by Philip IV of France of maleficium . The trial of the Knights Templar set a social standard for the popular belief in maleficium and witchcraft that contributed to the great European witch hunt . In early New England , more men would get accused of such Maleficium that was `` non-malefic '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ded663d8439fe89e978219bb9f20784", "text": "Bloody Assizes The Bloody Assizes were a series of trials started at Winchester on 25 August 1685 in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor , which ended the Monmouth Rebellion in England . There were five judges -- Sir William Montague ( Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ) , Sir Robert Wright , Sir Francis Wythens , ( Justice of the King 's Bench ) , Sir Creswell Levinz ( Justice of the Common Pleas ) and Sir Henry Pollexfen , led by Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys . Over 1,000 rebels were in prison awaiting the trials , which started in Winchester on 26 August . The first notable trial was that of an elderly gentlewoman named Dame Alice Lyle . The jury reluctantly found her guilty , and , the law recognising no distinction between principals and accessories in treason , she was sentenced to be burned . This was commuted to beheading , with the sentence being carried out in Winchester market-place on 2 September 1685 . From Winchester the court proceeded through the West Country to Salisbury , Dorchester and on to Taunton , before finishing up at Wells on 23 September . More than 1,400 prisoners were dealt with and although most were sentenced to death , fewer than 300 were hanged or hanged , drawn and quartered . The Taunton Assize took place in the Great Hall of Taunton Castle ( now the home of the Museum of Somerset ) . Of more than 500 prisoners brought before the court on the 18/19 September , 144 were hanged and their remains displayed around the county to ensure people understood the fate of those who rebelled against the king . Some 800 -- 850 men were transported to the West Indies where they were worth more alive than dead as a source of cheap labour . ( The novel Captain Blood , and the later movies based on it , graphically portray this punishment . ) Others were imprisoned to await further trial , although many did not live long enough , succumbing to ` Gaol Fever ' ( typhus ) , which was rife in the unsanitary conditions common to most English gaols at that time . A woman named Elizabeth Gaunt had the gruesome distinction of being the last woman burnt alive in England for political crimes . Jeffreys returned to London after the Assizes to report to King James , who rewarded him by making him Lord Chancellor ( at the age of only 40 ) , ` For the many eminent and faithful services to the Crown ' . Jeffreys became known as `` the hanging judge '' . After the Glorious Revolution , Jeffreys was incarcerated in the Tower of London , where he died in 1689 . His death was probably due to his chronic medical history of kidney and bladder stones leading to an acute infection , kidney failure and possibly toxaemia . Writing as recently as 1929 , Sir John C. Fox said : Even to the present day , the mothers of West Somerset control their unruly offspring by threatening to send for ` Judge Jeffreys ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83c66eae80dd32fa73d5214a0e39baf7", "text": "Crime in Massachusetts", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c9beb31f304af5ee0bda57ceab44f6b", "text": "Margaret Scott (Salem witch trials) Margaret Scott ( née Stephenson , ca. 1615 - ) was found guilty of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials and was executed by hanging on September 22 , 1692 . She was part of the last group to be executed , which also included Mary Eastey , Martha Corey , Ann Pudeator , Samuel Wardwell , Mary Parker , Alice Parker , and Wilmot Redd . She was the only accused person from Rowley to be executed . As a lower-class , long-term widow , having lost several children in infancy , she was a prototypical witch candidate . When her husband , Benjamin , died , he left a very small estate and she , being unable to remarry , was reduced to begging , which invited resentment and suspicion . In this manner , her circumstances were comparable to fellow victim , Sarah Good .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd9d8c4f88b7c449be84de539c37bd76", "text": "Sarah Good Sarah Good ( , 1653 -- , 1692 ) was one of the first three women to be accused of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials , which occurred in 1692 in colonial Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "818a80e3d7d38e139926ad45acf0fe9b", "text": "Saltonstall family The Saltonstall family is a Boston Brahmin family from the U.S. state of Massachusetts , notable for having had a family member attend Harvard University from every generation since Nathaniel Saltonstall -- later one of the more principled judges at the Salem Witch Trials -- graduated in 1659 . This legacy was abruptly ended by Preacher showrunner Ephron `` Sam '' Saltonstall Catlin in 1989 . The family originated in Yorkshire , England , where the name was sometimes spelled Saltingstall . The name originates from the hamlet of Saltonstall in Halifax , West Yorkshire . The meaning is derived from Sal-ton-stall in Old English . The translation being `` Farm in the willows '' . Notable members of the family include : Richard Saltonstall ( mayor ) , mayor of London Sir Richard Saltonstall , colonist with the Winthrop Fleet , nephew of the above Nathaniel Saltonstall , judge at Salem Witch Trials Gurdon Saltonstall , his son , governor of Connecticut Dudley Saltonstall , Commander at Penobscot Expedition Leverett Saltonstall I , U.S. Representative in 1830s Leverett Saltonstall II , his son , Collector of the Port of Boston ( 1885 -- 1889 ) Leverett A. Saltonstall , Governor of Massachusetts ( 1939 -- 1945 ) , US Senator ( 1945 -- 1967 ) William G. Saltonstall , principal , Phillips Exeter Academy , 1946 -- 1963 William L. Saltonstall , politician John L. Saltonstall , Jr. , politician", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13f1772a9fb4661991af5d9379658885", "text": "Wilmot Redd Wilmot Redd ( a.k.a. Wilmot Read and Wilmot Reed ) ( early 17th century - September 22 , 1692 ) was one of the victims of the Salem witch trials of 1692 . She was born in Marblehead , Massachusetts , and executed by hanging on September 22 , 1692 . Her husband was Samuel Redd , a fisherman . She was known for her irritability , but she was given little serious attention and , to her neighbors , was `` probably more bitch than witch . '' Redd was apprehended on May 28 , 1692 , by local constable James Smith . The warrant was signed by Magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne . The charge brought against her was one of having `` committed sundry acts of witchcraft on bodys of Mary Walcott & Mercy Lewis and others in Salem Village to their great hurt . '' A preliminary examination took place on May 31 , 1692 , at Nathan Ingersoll 's house in Salem Village . This was Redd 's first meeting with the children she allegedly bewitched . They promptly fell into fits , and when asked what she thought ailed them , Redd said , `` I can not tell . '' Urged to give an opinion , she stated , `` My opinion is they are in a sad condition . '' Indicted as a witch , Redd was accused of `` detestable arts called Witchcraft and Sorceries wickedly , mallitiously -LSB- sic -RSB- and felloniously used , practiced & exercised at the Towne of Salem . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a2543644dd2cc4d58041a6c7ba99368e", "text": "Kirk Douglas Kirk Douglas ( born Issur Danielovitch , December 9 , 1916 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and author . He is one of the last living people of the film industry 's Golden Age . After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters , he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers ( 1946 ) with Barbara Stanwyck . Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s , known for serious dramas , including westerns and war movies . During his career he appeared in more than 90 movies . Douglas became an international star through positive reception for his leading role as an unscrupulous boxing hero in Champion ( 1949 ) , which brought him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Other early films include Young Man with a Horn ( 1950 ) , playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day ; Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling ( 1951 ) ; and Detective Story ( 1951 ) . He received a second Oscar nomination for his dramatic role in The Bad and the Beautiful ( 1952 ) , opposite Lana Turner , and his third nomination for portraying Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life ( 1956 ) . In 1955 , he established Bryna Productions , which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and Spartacus ( 1960 ) . In those two films , he starred and collaborated with the then relatively unknown director , Stanley Kubrick . Douglas helped break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit , although Trumbo 's family claims he overstated his role . He produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave ( 1962 ) , considered a cult classic , and Seven Days in May ( 1964 ) , opposite Burt Lancaster , with whom he made seven films . In 1963 , he starred in the Broadway play One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , a story he purchased , which he later gave to his son Michael Douglas , who turned it into an Oscar-winning film . As an actor and philanthropist , Douglas has received three Academy Award nominations , an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement , and the Presidential Medal of Freedom . As an author , he has written ten novels and memoirs . Currently , he is No. 17 on the American Film Institute 's list of the greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema , and the highest-ranked living person on the list . After barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996 , he has focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life . He lives with his second wife ( of 63 years ) , Anne , a producer . He turned 100 on December 9 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c4cea9a2ba596e9e4cd041a13814bfc0", "text": "Warren Douglas Warren Douglas ( July 29 , 1911 -- November 15 , 1997 ) was an American film actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed3a4ae003d68db870694b5592a7a89a", "text": "21 Days 21 Days ( a.k.a. 21 Days Together , The First and the Last and Three Weeks Together ) is a 1940 British drama film based on the short play The First and the Last by John Galsworthy . It was directed by Basil Dean and stars Vivien Leigh , Laurence Olivier and Leslie Banks . The film was renamed as 21 Days Together for the US market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8438c12fe54c45ef0c3524c7ced633c", "text": "Days of Wrath Days of Wrath is a 2008 American drama film starring Jeffrey Dean Morgan , Laurence Fishburne and Wilmer Valderrama . The film is directed by Celia Fox , and written by Mitchell Kapner and Michael Markee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2214fd1c46dba1d2c6d133c00b63bf2", "text": "Seven Days (newspaper) Seven Days is an alternative weekly newspaper that is distributed every Wednesday in Vermont . Seven Days is published by Da Capo Publishing , Inc. , and owned by Pamela Polston and Paula Routly . It is distributed free of charge throughout the following areas : Burlington , Middlebury , Montpelier , Stowe , the Mad River Valley , Rutland , St. Albans , Vermont , and Plattsburgh , New York . Seven Days deals with many aspects of life in Vermont . Columns and stories in the newspaper often concern such topics as state and local politics , Vermont organizations and charities , and general human interest stories . It also features local music listings ; an alternative style comics section ; art , movie and theater reviews ; event listings , local dining , classified advertisements , and personals . Each year Seven Days asks their readers to place votes for the `` Seven Daysies '' which is a compilation of favorite people and places to visit throughout the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11203e3d09898c8e468fb7f4f0de96ca", "text": "June Lockhart June Lockhart ( born June 25 , 1925 ) is an American actress , primarily in 1950s and 1960s television , also with performances on stage and in film . She played the mother in two TV series , Lassie and Lost in Space . She also portrayed Dr. Janet Craig on the CBS television sitcom Petticoat Junction ( 1968 -- 70 ) . She is a two-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award winner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bfa64329e135ebc218b6158c61a85b", "text": "The Heroes of Telemark The Heroes of Telemark is a British 1965 Eastman Color war film directed by Anthony Mann based on the true story of the Norwegian heavy water sabotage during World War II from `` Skis Against the Atom , '' the memoirs of Norwegian resistance soldier Knut Haukelid . The film stars Kirk Douglas as Dr Rolf Pedersen and Richard Harris as Knut Straud , along with Ulla Jacobsson as Anna Pedersen . It was filmed on location in Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd67280a17a83dc4592cf9509023f2d7", "text": "Catalina Caper Catalina Caper ( also known as Never Steal Anything Wet ) is a 1967 comedy musical mystery film starring Tommy Kirk . It is one of the last ( if not the last ) in the beach party film genre . This entry blends the beach format with a standard crime-caper comedy . It was shot on and around Santa Catalina Island , California . The film was also featured in the second season ( episode 4 ) of the movie-mocking television show Mystery Science Theater 3000 ( MST3K ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb58f2dab4e1b59e3fcb1ef83198083", "text": "Seven and the Sun Seven and the Sun was an American rock band best known for their 2002 single `` Walk with Me '' . Their song was used in the TV soap opera Passions and was also featured in the Columbia Pictures film , America 's Sweethearts starring Julia Roberts , Billy Crystal , John Cusack and Catherine Zeta-Jones . It received moderate air play on American radio , reaching number 38 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 , number 27 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 and number 40 on the Billboard Top 40 Tracks chart . `` Walk with Me '' was their only hit . Their song `` Jump ( The Velvet Rope ) '' was featured in the 2001 Warner Bros. film , Summer Catch starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. and Jessica Biel . In September , 2003 , their song `` Back to the Innocence '' was chosen to be the theme song for The John Walsh Show on NBC . A second album was recorded but never released and the band has since broken up . In 2007 , band members Seven Williams ( born Keith Volpone ) & Wally Brandt reformed as Whiskey Falls with more of a country/rock flare ( a la The Eagles ) along with Buck Johnson and Damon Johnson ( no relation ) . The self-titled debut album was released on September 25 , 2007 , on the Midas Records Nashville label . It produced two Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in `` Last Train Running '' ( # 32 ) and `` Falling Into You '' ( # 40 ) . A second album was never released . Seven Williams & Wally Brandt have since dedicated their time to their music production company , We3Kings Music writing and producing music for television and film . They have written the theme songs to NBC 's The John Walsh Show , Fox 's Tru Calling and The Simple Life and ABC 's The Two-Timer , NBC 's Minute to Win It , Tabatha 's Salon Makeover to Sarah Palin 's Alaska , Dance Moms and Ryan & Tatum : The O'Neals . They have also written cues and promos for several TV shows including NBC 's Las Vegas , Starting Over , Access Hollywood and Entertainment Tonight . Their major motion picture credits include America 's Sweethearts , Summer Catch and Columbia Pictures feature The Quest and most recently , 20th Century Fox Diary of a Wimpy Kid : Dog Days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc85f5e5885f1106512df457e4a4add7", "text": "Douglas Island Douglas Island is a tidal island in the U.S. state of Alaska , just west of downtown Juneau and east of Admiralty Island . It is separated from mainland Juneau by the Gastineau Channel . The Juneau-Douglas Bridge , connecting the island with Juneau , provides a two lane road to and from the island and accommodates both vehicular and pedestrian traffic . Recently , there have been plans to build a new bridge from North Douglas to the Mendenhall Valley . Admiralty Island lies to the west and south , across the Stephens Passage . Douglas Island was named for John Douglas , Bishop of Salisbury , by Captain George Vancouver . Joseph Whidbey , master of the during Vancouver 's expedition , was the first to sight it in 1794 . Features of the island include remnants of the Treadwell gold mine , Sandy Beach , the only sand beach in the Juneau area ( made from mine tailings ) , Eaglecrest Ski Area , Perseverance Theatre , and the Douglas Public Library . As a tidal island , Douglas is connected to the mainland at its north end when the Gastineau Channel is at low tide . During low tide , Douglas Island is connected with Juneau 's Twin Lakes area , the Juneau International Airport as well as other sites . Douglas is usually thought of as two areas : downtown Douglas ( including West Juneau ) , containing Douglas Harbor , Sandy Beach , the mines , the library , Gastineau Elementary , the theatre , the gas station , the few bars and restaurants , and the bridge to Juneau ; and North Douglas Island , containing a tank farm , Eaglecrest Ski Area and a heliport . The island has a land area of 76.93 sqmi and had a population of 5,297 at the 2000 United States Census , with over half of the island 's population residing in Douglas proper . It is part of the City and Borough of Juneau . The island 's highest point , Mount Ben Stewart , was named in honor of Benjamin D. Stewart ( 1878 -- 1976 ) , an early mayor of Juneau . Following the 2012 election of Merrill Sanford , the incumbent mayor of Juneau , the Juneau Empire noted the island 's `` outsized contribution '' to Juneau-area politics . Sanford , Byron Mallott ( currently lieutenant governor of Alaska ) and Dennis Egan ( currently Juneau 's representative in the Alaska Senate ) live in West Juneau . Sally Smith , who succeeded Egan as mayor , lives in the Lawson Creek neighborhood between Douglas and West Juneau , while her successor Bruce Botelho lives in Douglas . Beth Kerttula , who represented portions of Juneau in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1999 to 2014 , lives in North Douglas . Additionally , John Dimond , the first Juneau-based justice of the Alaska Supreme Court , lived in Douglas , while his successor Robert Boochever lived along the Douglas Highway a half-mile north of Douglas 's then-city limits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f135a0631cff5cf48f2bed45ac80751", "text": "Douglas Smith (special effects artist) Douglas Smith is a special effects artist who is best known as one of the people who won at the 69th Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects on the film Independence Day . He won with Volker Engel , Clay Pinney and Joe Viskocil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf4c21f2574bac40110da37034fa8cc", "text": "The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff9a3358f780e045edde5219ffef4ae8", "text": "Saints and Sinners (1916 film) Saints and Sinners is a 1916 American drama silent film directed by James Kirkwood , Sr. and written by Hugh Ford and Henry Arthur Jones . The film stars Estar Banks , Hal Forde , Clarence Handyside , Peggy Hyland , William Lampe and Horace Newman . The film was released on May 25 , 1916 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19e4e9147e7dd16bf218f3c86b3e9a95", "text": "Portlandia (season 7) The seventh season of the television comedy Portlandia premiered on IFC in the United States on January 5 , 2017 , consisting a total of 10 episodes . The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb4b4552783a57c2a95bcd1a403f04a9", "text": "Seven and a Match Seven and a Match is a 2001 independent film directed and written by Derek Simonds . It was released in the United States on April 21 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8144600798a5f4b37fba6ba72f471c4", "text": "28 Weeks Later 28 Weeks Later is a 2007 British science fiction horror film , structured as a sequel to the critically and commercially successful 2002 film 28 Days Later . 28 Weeks Later was co-written and directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo , with Danny Boyle and Alex Garland , director and writer of 28 Days Later respectively , now acting as executive producers . It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on 11 May 2007 . The plot depicts the efforts of NATO military forces to salvage a safe zone in London following the events in 28 Days Later , the consequence of two young siblings breaking protocol to find their infected mother , and the resulting reintroduction of the highly contagious virus to the safe zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ac73a1753269928971cf7aeece88e9", "text": "Arizona Bushwhackers Arizona Bushwhackers is a 1968 Western film starring Howard Keel and Yvonne de Carlo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1200b4effa5ba9faca4abd0694301b97", "text": "The Juggler (film) The Juggler ( 1953 ) is a drama film about a survivor of the Holocaust , played by Kirk Douglas . The screenplay was adapted by Michael Blankfort from his novel of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b278d474038a4cd5032bd2063458f758", "text": "May 3rd Films May 3rd Films is a film and television production company founded in 2003 by noted filmmaker Kirk Fraser .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d677bb457ba0564c28070bb077e8537", "text": "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg , based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the sequel to 2007 's Transformers , as well as the second installment in the live-action Transformers film series . Taking place two years after its predecessor , the plot revolves around Sam Witwicky , who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots , the Autobots , led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons , led by Megatron . Sam is having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols , and being hunted by the Decepticons under the orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen , who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source , destroying the sun and all life on Earth in the process . Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime , Bumblebee , Ironhide , Ratchet , Megatron , Starscream , and Scorponok . With deadlines jeopardized by possible strikes by the Directors Guild of America and the Screen Actors Guild , Bay managed to finish the production on time with the help of previsualization and a scriptment by his writers Roberto Orci , Alex Kurtzman , and series newcomer Ehren Kruger . Shooting took place from May to November 2008 , with locations in Egypt , Jordan , Pennsylvania , New Jersey , and California , as well as air bases in New Mexico and Arizona . This was the last film in the series to star Megan Fox , and was also the last film in the series to be co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures , leaving Paramount Pictures to become the distributor of its future films . Revenge of the Fallen premiered on June 8 , 2009 in Tokyo and was released on June 24 , 2009 in the United States . Metacritic said the film received `` generally unfavorable reviews '' ; criticism was directed at its bland story , melodramatic acting , romantic scenes , crude humor , overall length , repetitive action sequences , abrupt ending , and Optimus Prime 's drastically decreased screen time compared to the previous film . However , critics praised the visual effects , music , and the voice performances of Hugo Weaving , Charlie Adler and Tony Todd . The film won three Golden Raspberry Awards at the 30th Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony , and became the highest-grossing film to win the Worst Picture award . The film grossed a total of $ 402.1 million in the US and Canada and $ 434.2 million in other territories , for a total of $ 836.3 million worldwide . It was the second highest-grossing film of 2009 in the US and Canada , 23rd domestically , the 44th highest-grossing film of all time and fourth highest of the year worldwide . With over 11 million home media sales in 2009 , it was also the top-selling film of the year in the United States . It was followed by Dark of the Moon in 2011 , and by Age of Extinction in 2014 . A fifth film , titled The Last Knight , is scheduled for a 2017 release .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9654a789e212ec4f0b6312947421724", "text": "Transformers Decepticons Transformers Decepticons is a video game based on fictional alien robots , Transformers . This version follows an alternate plot of the 2007 live action film Transformers . Most prominently , while the Autobots version has missions in the Arctic , the Decepticons version contain desert missions taking place in a Qatar military base .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e2f0da157657339f6abf18774004d7", "text": "Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e1eb519f83e42b10ad55efdda469d9", "text": "The Transformers (1986 video game) The Transformers is a platform shoot 'em up game based on the Transformers franchise . It was written by Denton Designs and released by Ocean Software for the Sinclair Spectrum and Commodore 64 home computers in 1986", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b246240eb97d10fe7b69cbcc8cb5d231", "text": "Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada . In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b", "text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50c4a64d5d895e42b0ef8e54e0fd9236", "text": "Wanted (2008 film) Wanted is a 2008 American-German action thriller film loosely based on the comic book miniseries of the same name by Mark Millar and J. G. Jones . The film , written by Chris Morgan , Michael Brandt , and Derek Haas and directed by Timur Bekmambetov stars James McAvoy , Morgan Freeman , and Angelina Jolie . The storyline follows Wesley Gibson ( McAvoy ) , a frustrated account manager who discovers that he is the son of a professional assassin and decides to join the Fraternity , a secret society in which his father worked . Universal Studios acquired the adaptation rights from Millar in 2004 , and while the eventual script drifted from the comic book supervillain mythos in the original miniseries , Millar was content to see most of the comic 's darker content was retained . Production began in April 2007 , with filming in the Czech Republic , Budapest , and the story 's main setting , Chicago . Wanted was released in June 2008 to both critical and commercial success , with box office earnings of $ 341 million worldwide and reviews praising the fast pacing and stylized action scenes . A sequel was planned the same year as the film 's release , but ultimately stalled in the development phase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "456c0343a912004421778c733233765c", "text": "Let's Go Jungle!: Lost on the Island of Spice Let 's Go Jungle ! : Lost on the Island of Spice is a joystick-mounted gun arcade game by Sega . The game was released on June 27 , 2006 . Players take the roles of a man and a woman stranded on a jungle island which has been overrun by monsters . Each player must shoot the monsters with his or her machine guns while looking for rescue . There is a version of the game called Let 's Go Jungle ! Special , in which players sit on a revolving seat with a large projection screen in front and another in back . This version also serves as a spiritual sequel to The House of the Dead 4 Special . A sequel in 2010 was announced to be in development called Let 's Go Island : Lost On the Island of Tropics . It was released in mid-2011 . A spiritual sequel , Transformers : Human Alliance was released in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6779a0cd8d4b3bed5c9ea71244ccb67e", "text": "Fans4Writers Fans4Writers is a fan activist movement which supported the striking writers of the WGA during the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike . The organization was not associated with the WGA , and indeed was notable for its unprecedented show of solidarity by individuals who were neither directly involved in contract negotiations , nor had a financial stake in the outcome . While the group was first proposed by fans of Joss Whedon , it came to embrace more than 40 self-identified fandoms . They called themselves `` fans of TV shows and movies , fans of actors , fans of directors , fans of producers , crew and everyone involved in the team effort of crafting wonder . But most of all we are fans of writers , because they are where the wonder begins . They write the words we remember , they create the characters we love , they think up the lines that stay with us forever . As supporters of the people behind the scenes , who develop and write the stories that have meant so much to so many , we wanted to do something tangible to show them that we support the Writers Guild of America strike . '' Fans4Writers solicitied financial support for its activities , which included bringing food to picket lines and skywriting messages of support at the Rose Bowl . Money left over after the strike was contributed to the WGA Strike Fund . The organization stated its support for `` the writers in their fight for fair treatment and equitable pay ... with our thoughts , with food deliveries , with money , and we will pick up signs and march with them until a resolution is found . We do it in appreciation , and because it 's right . '' The Internet-based fan movement received some online press coverage ancillary to the strike itself , and Brenda Lawhorn , Fans4writers ' Campaign Coordinator , was interviewed on Public Radio International 's Fair Game . However , WGA member and Battlestar Galactica writer Jane Espenson was quoted on fan involvement : `` I 'm not sure that -LSB- fan involvement -RSB- , which is so clear on the Internet , is being made as clear as it could be in the mainstream press ... it 's the stuff with the mainstream , grassroots fans who come out in amazing numbers and send us food on the picket lines every day ... that 's a bigger part of our everyday strike experience than the involvement of the movie stars . '' The organization 's existence and activities highlighted one of the main sticking points in the contract negotiations -- the significance of the Internet and other `` new media '' distribution channels . The fan involvement in the strike could also be seen as an outgrowth of trends in which the audience had become more vocal as consumers of entertainment . Striking writers closed the circle by soliciting fan action on their behalf and specifically referring those upset at the loss of their favorite programs to the Fans4writers website , alongside the WGA 's own strike site , in order to register their sentiments and become involved . Successful use of the internet to organize `` save our show '' campaigns had garnered significant attention , as when supporters of Jericho inundated CBS with grievances in protest of the program 's cancellation . This and other similar fan-organized publicity stunts on behalf of television shows appeared to have inspired WGA strikers themselves to undertake a similar campaign of sending pencils to the CEOs of the media conglomerates in a position to influence the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers . Fans4Writers received designation as Yahoo.com 's Site of the Day on November 21 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2681655ad395406ad7b06d39a664e6da", "text": "TransBot TransBot , known in Japan as , is a video game for the Sega Master System originally released in 1986 . It is a sci-fi-themed shoot 'em up inspired by Transformers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91b5f73aa113859dd59dae084dd2bf09", "text": "Aaron Archer Aaron C. Archer ( born 1972 in Canton , Ohio ) is an illustrator and creative professional who spent over 18 years at Hasbro , designing for toy brands like Transformers , G.I. Joe , and others . Aaron worked on the Transformers brand for over 13 years , collaborating with Takara on hundreds of toys . Aaron acted as the Creative Lead for all Transformers partnerships including four feature films , four video games , five animated series , theme park rides , and countless publishing projects . In 2013 Aaron retired from Hasbro in order to pursue independent projects . Archer has worked on other Hasbro/Kenner toy lines including various Batman lines , Star Wars , and Alien : Resurrection , amongst others . Archer 's earliest Transformers work were designs for the later Beast Wars toys , including Transmetal 2 Megatron , Dinobot , and Cheetor . Archer was the Design VP on the Transformers brand , a role that essentially made him the highest-ranking creative Transformers staffer on the Hasbro side of the business ( Transformers are produced in partnership with Takara ) . Archer managed a design team that is responsible for concept design , both for larger storyline concepts ( Archer claims the idea for the show Transformers : Cybertron was initially created on a Taco Bell napkin over lunch ) and for the look of individual characters , while Takara 's engineers are responsible for converting Hasbro designs into three-dimensional action figure form . Takara also has say in design choices . Archer is also well known in the Transformers fandom for his brief stint posting on the TFW2005 boards under the assumed name `` Orson '' ( a reference to Orson Welles , voice of Unicron ) . Archer responded to fan questions in an unusually cryptic style , answering either-or type questions with a straightforward `` NO '' and only answering specific parts of multi-part questions ( most likely due to non-disclosure issues ) . The `` Orson 's World '' message board was eventually shut down by Hasbro and issued a statement that they wanted to treat all fansites fairly . Prior to working for Hasbro , Archer self-published a comic book , Gumbo , with Jeff McCormack . Both attended the University of Akron , in Akron , Ohio . Some homages to Aaron include the Transformers movie toy Longarm having `` Orson 's Towing '' on the door , the early name for Universe Skalor being listed as `` Archerbot '' , and the Transformers : Animated character `` Angry Archer '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e68febb94f7d859f47d6f53b23628b96", "text": "Ten/Four Pictures Ten/Four Pictures is a production company engaged in the production and co-financing of motion pictures for worldwide theatrical release . Ten/Four 's objective is to make commercially viable films in the $ 8 -- 15 million range , financing up to 25 % of each budget .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b90acd9277781026f6cf23d5acadd1a5", "text": "In Secret In Secret , previously titled Thérèse , is a 2013 American erotic thriller film written and directed by Charlie Stratton . Based on Émile Zola 's 1867 classic novel Thérèse Raquin , the film stars Elizabeth Olsen , Tom Felton , Oscar Isaac and Jessica Lange . It was screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . The film received a regional release on February 21 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2cb878165222c458c5bce1cc83fa5a1", "text": "Anna and the King Anna and the King is a 1999 biographical drama film loosely based on the 1944 novel Anna and the King of Siam ( and its 1946 film adaptation ) , which give a fictionalised account of the diaries of Anna Leonowens . The story concerns Anna , an English schoolteacher in Siam , now Thailand , in the late 19th century , who becomes the teacher of King Mongkut 's many children and wives . The film was directed by Andy Tennant and stars Jodie Foster and Chow Yun-fat . It was mostly shot in Malaysia , particularly in the Penang , Ipoh and Langkawi region . It was an Academy Award nominee in 1999 for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6885c1fe43d01d5dbdcdba446bdcdb78", "text": "Belle (2013 film) Belle is a 2013 British period drama film directed by Amma Asante , written by Misan Sagay and produced by Damian Jones . It stars Gugu Mbatha-Raw , Tom Wilkinson , Miranda Richardson , Penelope Wilton , Sam Reid , Matthew Goode , Emily Watson , Sarah Gadon , Tom Felton and James Norton . The film is inspired by the 1779 painting of Dido Elizabeth Belle beside her cousin Lady Elizabeth Murray , at Kenwood House , which was commissioned by their great-uncle , William Murray , 1st Earl of Mansfield , then Lord Chief Justice of England . Very little is known about the life of Dido Belle , who was born in the West Indies and was the illegitimate mixed-race daughter of Mansfield 's nephew . She is found living in poverty by her father and entrusted to the care of Mansfield and his wife . The fictional film centres on Dido 's relationship with an aspiring lawyer ; it is set at a time of legal significance , as a court case is heard on what became known as the Zong massacre , when slaves were thrown overboard from a slave ship and the owner filed with his insurance company for the losses . Lord Mansfield rules on this case in England 's Court of King 's Bench in 1786 , in a decision seen to contribute to the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act of 1807 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88647afc998b021cba99ea6af54bb9db", "text": "The Apparition The Apparition is a 2012 American supernatural horror film , written and directed by Todd Lincoln , making his directorial debut , and starring Ashley Greene , Sebastian Stan , Tom Felton , Julianna Guill and Rick Gomez . The plot follows three college students who , after the death of their friend , must battle a supernatural force they summoned themselves . The film was loosely inspired by the Philip experiment conducted in 1972 . The film was a box office bomb and was cited by critics as one of the worst horror movies of 2012 . It was also the last Warner Bros. . Pictures horror film to be released under its own label before resorting to New Line Cinema to release all future horror movies made by Warner Bros. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a24c4b5a37a7bc5a90b2c261673a93c", "text": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a 2009 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the sixth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's sixth year at Hogwarts as he becomes obsessed with a mysterious textbook , falls in love , and attempts to retrieve a memory that holds the key to Lord Voldemort 's downfall . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and is followed by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 . Filming began on 24 September 2007 , leading to the film 's worldwide cinematic release on 15 July 2009 , one day short of the fourth anniversary of the corresponding novel 's release . The film was simultaneously released in regular cinemas and IMAX 3D everywhere except North America , where its IMAX release was delayed for two weeks . Half-Blood Prince opened to positive reviews along with immediate commercial success , breaking the record for the biggest single-day worldwide gross . In five days the film made $ 394 million , breaking the record for highest five-day worldwide gross . With a total gross of $ 934 million , it became the 8th-highest-grossing film of all time and the second-highest-grossing film of 2009 ( behind Avatar ) . It is currently the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide unadjusted for inflation . It is the fifth-highest-grossing film in the franchise . The film was nominated at the 82nd Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and the 63rd British Academy Film Awards for Best Special Visual Effects and Best Production Design . Half-Blood Prince remains one of the most positively reviewed films in the series among film critics ; at the time of its release , it became the third-highest-rated Harry Potter film on review aggregators Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic . Critics praised the film 's `` emotionally satisfying '' story , Yates ' direction , cinematography , performances from Radcliffe , Watson , Grint , Gambon and Broadbent , the visuals , and Nicholas Hooper 's musical score .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09e4eeb1adfbe822c79811f25d33c71d", "text": "Against the Sun Against the Sun is a 2014 American survival drama film written , produced , and directed by Brian Falk and starring Garret Dillahunt , Tom Felton , and Jake Abel . The film was released via video on demand on January 23 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37f33ceb0b059ac59506351f8c1ed25", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 is a 2010 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the first of two cinematic parts based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling and features an ensemble cast . The film , which is the seventh and penultimate installment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman , David Barron , and Rowling . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson , respectively , reprising roles as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and is followed by the concluding entry , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 . The story follows Harry Potter on a quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort 's secret to immortality -- the Horcruxes . Filming began on and was completed on . Part 1 was released in 2D cinemas and IMAX formats worldwide on 19 November 2010 . In the film 's worldwide opening weekend , Part 1 grossed $ 330 million , the third-highest in the series , and the highest opening of 2010 , as well as the eighth-highest of all time . With a worldwide gross of $ 960 million , Part 1 is the third-highest-grossing film of 2010 , behind Toy Story 3 and Alice in Wonderland , and the third-highest-grossing Harry Potter film in terms of worldwide totals , behind Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 and Philosopher 's Stone , and the 28th highest-grossing film of all-time . The film received two nominations at the 83rd Academy Awards : Best Visual Effects and Best Art Direction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e27975af7df4ac3328fb973d1a7b84fb", "text": "Rise of the Planet of the Apes Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction film directed by Rupert Wyatt and starring James Franco , Freida Pinto , John Lithgow , Brian Cox , Tom Felton , David Oyelowo , and Andy Serkis . Written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver , it is 20th Century Fox 's reboot of the Planet of the Apes series , intended to act as an origin story for a new series of films . Its premise is similar to the fourth film in the original series , Conquest of the Planet of the Apes ( 1972 ) , but it is not a direct remake of that film . Rise of the Planet of the Apes was released on August 5 , 2011 , to critical and commercial success . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for five Saturn Awards including Best Director for Wyatt and Best Writing for Jaffa and Silver , winning Best Science Fiction Film , Best Supporting Actor for Serkis and Best Special Effects . Serkis ' performance as Caesar was widely acclaimed , earning him many nominations from many associations which do not usually recognize performance capture as traditional acting . A sequel to the film , Dawn of the Planet of the Apes , was released on July 11 , 2014 , and a third film , War for the Planet of the Apes , is planned for a July 14 , 2017 release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee52586e35c4cee431311a27a0cf2f4", "text": "From the Rough From the Rough is a sports drama film based on the true story of Catana Starks , a former Tennessee State Tigers swim coach , who became the first woman ever to coach a college men 's golf team . With drive , passion , and guts , she took an unruly group of mismatched kids from around the world and guided them to an all-time record at the PGA National Collegiate Minority Championship . Tasked with building Tennessee State 's first golf team and finding only one available African American golfer -- Craig , a former caddy with plenty of talent but no confidence -- Catana Starks pushes outside TSU 's Historically Black context , and , against huge resistance , opens up the roster to underprivileged kids from around the world . The film stars Taraji P. Henson as Coach Starks , as well as Tom Felton , Michael Clarke Duncan and LeToya Luckett . The film was co-written by Michael A. Critelli and Pierre Bagley and directed by Bagley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17deab4de83a150dc6609a9eec878c04", "text": "Tom Felton Thomas Andrew `` Tom '' Felton ( born 22 September 1987 ) is an English actor . Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard . He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in The Borrowers ( 1997 ) and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . He rose to prominence for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling Harry Potter fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling . His performances in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 won him two consecutive MTV Movie Awards for Best Villain in 2010 and 2011 . Following the conclusion of the series in 2011 , Felton appeared in the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes , a reboot of the Planet of the Apes series . He had roles in the minor films From the Rough ( 2011 ) and The Apparition ( 2012 ) , starred as James Ashford in the critically acclaimed period drama film Belle ( 2013 ) , followed by roles in In Secret ( 2014 ) and Against the Sun ( 2014 ) . Felton 's 2016 films include the epic biblical drama Risen , alongside Joseph Fiennes , and the period biopic A United Kingdom , alongside David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike . He portrays Julian Albert / Doctor Alchemy on The Flash .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e027cd87419668674bf7a781d0654af3", "text": "Feelings (1974 film) Feelings is a 1975 British drama film directed by Gerry O'Hara and starring Kate O'Mara , Paul Freeman and Edward Judd . Its plot concerns a couple who are unable to conceive a baby and attempt artificial insemination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb381fe934f26538e66445f47086f64e", "text": "Gump and Co. Gump & Co. ( or Forrest Gump and Co. ) is a 1995 novel by Winston Groom . It is the sequel to his novel Forrest Gump ( 1986 ) , and the Academy Award-winning film of the same name released in 1994 , with Tom Hanks . It was written to chronicle Forrest 's life throughout the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "451f05a3826b71f6322e8fdf90556a70", "text": "Another Happy Day Another Happy Day is a 2011 American black comedy-drama film written and directed by Sam Levinson . The film stars an ensemble cast including Ellen Barkin , Kate Bosworth , Ellen Burstyn , Thomas Haden Church , George Kennedy , Ezra Miller , Demi Moore , Siobhan Fallon Hogan , Michael Nardelli , Jeffrey DeMunn , and Diana Scarwid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91eafe157d14d9bba68810c181012fb", "text": "Thomas (2001 film) Gli amici di Gesù - Tommaso is a 2001 Italian film directed by Raffaele Mertes and Elisabetta Marchetti , written by Gareth Jones . The cast includes Ricky Tognazzi as the apostle Thomas . It was later dubbed into English and included in the TNT Bible Collection series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1113b7cce715675d24f94b6ce86ac447", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy ( born 15 September 1977 ) is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis ( 2002 ) , the crime film RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , biographical psychological drama Bronson ( 2008 ) , sports drama Warrior ( 2011 ) , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ( 2011 ) , crime drama Lawless ( 2012 ) , drama Locke ( 2013 ) , mobster film The Drop ( 2014 ) , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant ( 2015 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen ( 2005 ) , ITV 's Wuthering Heights ( 2008 ) , the Sky 1 drama series The Take ( 2009 ) , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders ( 2013 ) . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo ( 2017 ) on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ef0077c7883f2dd598fb550444edd", "text": "The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74637b966e9902e6fa1ae4f04cb8728a", "text": "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (film) Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close is a 2011 American drama film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Jonathan Safran Foer , directed by Stephen Daldry and written by Eric Roth . It stars Thomas Horn , Tom Hanks , Sandra Bullock , Max von Sydow , Viola Davis , John Goodman , Jeffrey Wright , and Zoe Caldwell . Production took place in New York City . The film had a limited release in the United States on December 25 , 2011 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , and a wide release on January 20 , 2012 . Despite mixed reviews , the film was nominated for two Academy Awards , Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for von Sydow . The film earned $ 55.2 million . The film was released in Blu-ray , DVD , and digital download formats in Region 1 on March 27 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d29c971df00dfcec738c554bc298ac8", "text": "Tom Courtenay Sir Thomas Daniel `` Tom '' Courtenay ( -LSB- ˈkɔrtni -RSB- born 25 February 1937 ) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films , including The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner ( 1962 ) , Billy Liar ( 1963 ) , and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . Since the mid-1960s , he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre , although he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for the film adaptation of The Dresser ( 1983 ) , which he had performed on the West End and on Broadway . He received a knighthood in February 2001 for his service to cinema and theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48e127546f80e9a2ac0541d80222457f", "text": "The Other Half (2016 film) The Other Half is a 2016 Canadian romantic drama film , written and directed by Joey Klein . It stars Tatiana Maslany , Tom Cullen , Henry Czerny , and Suzanne Clément . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85d22d27d12dde31d99236963c25ff8", "text": "I Married a Monster from Outer Space I Married a Monster from Outer Space is a 1958 American black-and-white science fiction film from Paramount Pictures , produced and directed by Gene Fowler Jr. , that stars Tom Tryon and Gloria Talbott . The film was theatrically released on a double bill with The Blob . After a year of marriage , a young wife sees that her husband is not the man he was before they married . He has lost all real affection for her and for his new pet dog , which she gave him as a present . Thereafter , she quickly discovers that he is not the only man in town that has changed into a completely different person . Then one evening she follows him when he goes out for a walk and discovers her husband is really an alien .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf3158fb061e4fb804a3f88dd7dea841", "text": "The Last Ride (2011 film) The Last Ride is a 2011 American drama about the last days of country music pioneer and legend Hank Williams . The film stars Henry Thomas , Jesse James , and Fred Dalton Thompson , and received a limited release on October 21 , 2011 . Despite the content , no recordings by Williams are ever played during the film . The soundtrack is composed of covers of Williams ' songs among other country musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ee4343a9e0553444638814b2d8c5332", "text": "Draco Malfoy Draco Lucius Malfoy is a character in J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . He is a student in Harry Potter 's year belonging in the Slytherin house . He is frequently accompanied by his two cronies , Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle , who act as henchmen . Draco is characterised as a cowardly bully who manipulates and hurts people to get what he wants ; nevertheless , he is a cunning user of magic . He was played by Tom Felton in the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93debd475a35f28a25e11808cbe72dcc", "text": "Tom's Midnight Garden (film) Tom 's Midnight Garden is a 1999 family fantasy film directed by Willard Carroll and starring Nigel Le Vaillant , Marlene Sidaway and Serena Gordon . After going to stay with his uncle a boy is disappointed that he does n't have a garden he can play in . However , he discovers a secret garden that only appears in the middle of the night . It was based on the novel Tom 's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c1b2bf109adafbf1de048f84a44eec4", "text": "Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato . The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a157ce4ff4cc117b2878270518a395eb", "text": "Someone to Love (film) Someone to Love , directed by Henry Jaglom , is a film made in 1987 . It was Orson Welles ' final live action film appearance , released after his death but produced before his voice-over in The Transformers : The Movie . The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565fcb7ebd09231b2464969ce911e792", "text": "Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo is a 1944 American war film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It is based on the true story of the Doolittle Raid , America 's first retaliatory air strike against Japan four months after the December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . Mervyn LeRoy directed Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo and Sam Zimbalist produced the film . The screenplay by Dalton Trumbo was based on the 1943 book of the same name , written by Captain Ted W. Lawson , a pilot who participated in the raid . In both the book and the film , Lawson gives an eyewitness account of the training , the mission , and the aftermath as experienced by his crew and others who flew the mission on April 18 , 1942 . Lawson piloted `` The Ruptured Duck '' , the seventh of 16 B-25s to take off from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet aka , `` Shangri-La . '' Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo stars Van Johnson as Lawson , Phyllis Thaxter as his wife Ellen , Robert Walker as Corporal David Thatcher , Robert Mitchum as Lieutenant Bob Gray and Spencer Tracy as Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle , the man who planned and led the raid . The film is noted for its accurate depiction of the historical details of the raid , as well as its use of actual wartime footage of the bombers in some flying scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ebae3f408f7d664b128b78a430c7ac", "text": "I Saw the Light (film) I Saw the Light is a 2015 American biographical drama film directed , written , and produced by Marc Abraham , starring Tom Hiddleston as country music legend Hank Williams and Elizabeth Olsen as his first wife , Audrey Williams . It is based on the book Hank Williams : The Biography by Colin Escott , George Merritt , and William ( Bill ) MacEwen . It was screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival . The film is a biographical dramatization of country and blues singer-songwriter Hank Williams , his life and rise to fame as one of country music 's most popular and influential artists . The title comes from the gospel song of the same name written and performed by Williams . The film was released on March 25 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c9f001b91f412118185d7720fc9dcb", "text": "The Other (novel) The Other '' is the 1971 debut novel by Thomas Tryon . Set in 1935 , the novel focuses on the sadistic relationship between two thirteen-year-old identical twin boys , one who is well-behaved , and the other , a sociopath who wreaks havoc on his family 's rural New England farm property . Tryon , who had been a working actor prior , retired from his Hollywood career to become a novelist . Upon its release , the novel received wide critical acclaim , and was adapted into a 1972 film of the same name directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Uta Hagen . The novel was reprinted in a commemorative edition in 2012 by New York Review Books with an afterword by Dan Chaon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4df38fab86864ae21c18b3a17f91d3fd", "text": "Game of Life (film) Game of Life ( originally known as Oranges ) is a 2007 film drama starring Tom Sizemore , Tom Arnold , Heather Locklear and Jill Hennessy . The film was not fully released until 2011 , when it was released under the new title Game of Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228a3089b5d62c3587b5e5585a6aa75b", "text": "Unfinished Business (2015 film) Unfinished Business is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Ken Scott and written by Steven Conrad . The film stars Vince Vaughn , Tom Wilkinson , Dave Franco , Sienna Miller , Nick Frost , and James Marsden . It was released on March 6 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a66cd8c15a35a884825f6a5c64c67777", "text": "AC/DC AC/DC are an Australian rock band , formed in 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young . A hard rock/blues rock band , they have also been considered a heavy metal band , although they have always dubbed their music simply `` rock and roll '' . AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album , High Voltage , in 1975 . Membership subsequently stabilised until bassist Mark Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams in 1977 for the album Powerage . Within months of recording the album Highway to Hell , lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died on 19 February 1980 after a night of heavy alcohol consumption . The group considered disbanding , but buoyed by support from Scott 's parents , decided to continue and set about finding a new vocalist . Ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson was auditioned and selected to replace Scott . Later that year , the band released the new album , Back in Black , which was made as a tribute to Bon Scott . The album launched them to new heights of success and became their all-time best-seller . The band 's next album , For Those About to Rock We Salute You , was their first album to reach number one in the United States . Drummer Phil Rudd was fired in 1983 and replaced by ex-A II Z drummer Simon Wright , who left to join Dio in 1989 . The band experienced a resurgence in the early 1990s with the release of The Razors Edge . Phil Rudd returned in 1994 after Chris Slade , who was with the band from 1989 to 1994 , was asked to leave in favour of him , and contributed to the band 's 1995 album Ballbreaker . Stiff Upper Lip , released in 2000 , was well received by critics . The band 's studio album , Black Ice , released in 2008 , was the second-highest-selling album of that year , and their biggest chart hit since For Those About to Rock , eventually reaching No. 1 on all charts worldwide . The band 's line-up remained the same until 2014 with Malcolm Young 's retirement due to early-onset dementia and Rudd 's legal troubles . In 2016 , Johnson was advised to stop touring on account of worsening hearing loss and Guns N ' Roses frontman Axl Rose stepped in as the band 's vocalist for the remainder of that year 's dates . Long-term bass player Cliff Williams retired from the band at the end of their 2016 Rock Or Bust world tour . AC/DC have sold more than 200 million records worldwide , including 71.5 million albums in the United States , adding them to the list of highest-certified music artists in the United States and the list of best-selling music artists . Back in Black has sold an estimated 50 million units worldwide , making it the second-highest-selling album by any artist -- and the highest-selling album by any band . The album has sold 22 million units in the US , where it is the sixth-highest-selling album of all time . AC/DC ranked fourth on VH1 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock '' and were named the seventh `` Greatest Heavy Metal Band of All Time '' by MTV . In 2004 , AC/DC ranked No. 72 on the Rolling Stone list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . Producer Rick Rubin , who wrote an essay on the band for the Rolling Stone list , referred to AC/DC as `` the greatest rock and roll band of all time '' . In 2010 , AC/DC were ranked number 23 in the VH1 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20981e74f33268d0daa585360d509faa", "text": "Malcolm Young Malcolm Mitchell Young ( born 6 January 1953 ) is an Australian retired musician and songwriter , best known as a co-founder , rhythm guitarist , backing vocalist and songwriter for the hard rock band AC/DC . Except for a brief absence in 1988 , he was with the band from its November 1973 beginning until retiring permanently in 2014 , due to health reasons . Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003 . Though his younger brother Angus is the more visible of the brothers , Malcolm has been described as the driving force and the leader of the band . He also added that despite his retirement from the band , AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing . As the rhythm guitarist , he was responsible for the broad sweep of the band 's sound , developing many of their guitar riffs and co-writing the band 's material with Angus . He is married to Linda Young and has two children , Cara and Ross . Young took a leave of absence from AC/DC in April 2014 , to receive treatment for dementia . In September 2014 , the band 's management announced that he would be retiring permanently .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9d5044a76dafa144a2f22b8351deba60", "text": "AC4 AC4 is a hardcore band from Umeå , Sweden . Refused members Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström had been talking about starting a new band for a long time . In the spring of 2008 Karl Backman had written songs for the new band and they started to rehearse . Jens Nordén had played with Lyxzén in pre-Refused straight edge hardcore band Step Forward ( 1987-1991 ) and since 1990 with Backman in punk band The Vectors . The `` AC '' in the name is the regional code for the Västerbotten province where Umeå is located . The first show was at a squatting on Parkgatan in Umeå on the Mayu 5th , 2008 . In May 2008 someone posted a live song on YouTube . It got on Kerrang 's playlist and had over 14,000 hits the first week . They performed at Storsjöyran and Umeå Punkfest in 2008 . In 2009 they performed at Way Out West Festival and released the self-titled debut album on Lyxzén 's label Ny Våg . In 2010 their European tour took them around their native Sweden , as well as Norway , Denmark , Germany , Belgium , Austria , France , Italy , England and Wales . They also released the Umeå Hardcore 7 '' EP in Europe , a special 7 '' for Australia only and the debut album came out in America . AC4 initially refused to do interviews with mainstream media and would only answer questions from fanzine writers who were under the age of 18 . To promote their Australian tour in April , 2011 , Dennis conducted a number of interviews with the local press , including Melbourne radio show Bullying The Jukebox . While on tour in Australia a short documentary film about the band entitled `` A few minutes with AC4 '' was filmed , along with a promotional video for the song `` Wo n't Bow Down '' from their debut album . In May 2012 the band announced that Sandström had been replaced by Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson ( DS-13 ) and that the recording of a second album had begun . The album `` Burn The World '' was released in March 2013 on Ny Våg records and Deathwish Inc. . . The band is also performing at some upcoming festivals including Groezrock on a spring 2013 tour . A week before the tour the band announced that Nordén had suddenly left AC4 , but is being replaced by their producer Fredrik Lyxzén .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c59c2fccf337d46a96f883a05f04ed", "text": "Masters of the Backside Masters of the Backside was an early British punk rock group . They never released a recording or performed beyond practice sessions , but the group 's members went on to greater success : Chrissie Hynde later fronted The Pretenders , and Dave Vanian , Captain Sensible and Rat Scabies were subsequently founding members of The Damned . The band was formed by future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren , who wanted to create a band with the sound of Ramones and the style of former Television member Richard Hell , both of whom he had seen perform at CBGB . He initially intended the band to have two singers . The band is only known to have performed once , before a small invited audience in a church hall in Lisson Grove , London . They broke up before playing any public concerts or recording any material , after the members became tired of McLaren 's need to control their activity . McLaren had more success with his second band , Sex Pistols , and Hynde eventually formed the Pretenders while Vanian , Sensible , and Scabies teamed up with former London SS member Brian James to form The Damned . Masters of the Backside has since gone on to attain semi-legendary status with punks alongside London SS and The Flowers of Romance . It is unclear when the band began using the name `` Masters of the Backside '' as The Damned acknowledge some of their members first performed together in a group with Hynde but they refer to the project as being unnamed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915d3db6c308a3f2a7b7c1341cd999ec", "text": "The Young Adults The Young Adults were an American rock quintet based in Providence , Rhode Island , United States . They were formed by vocalist/saxophone player Bruce McCrae ( aka Rudy Cheeks ) , vocalist/drummer David Hansen ( aka Sport Fisher ) , drummer Jimmy Whittle , piano player Jeff Shore , guitarist Ed Vallee , and bassist Roy Gilley in the early 1970s . Their songs , with such titles as `` A Power Tool Is Not A Toy '' , `` Do The Heimlich '' and `` Christmas In Japan In July '' , were often satirical . They were regular performers at Lupo 's Heartbreak Hotel in Providence and had a rather large following . In 1979 they released the single `` Complex World/Beer '' on Genius Records . `` Complex World '' became a local hit getting airplay on local radio.They broke up shortly thereafter due to conflicts over band direction . David Hansen moved to New York and formed the no wave band Cool It Reba in 1981 . In 1987 , Lupo 's Heartbreak Hotel was in danger of closing so owner Rich Lupo came up with an idea . Lupo 's bartender Jim Wolpaw was nominated for an Oscar for a short film he had done , so they threw a benefit concert and filmed it and wrote a sub-plot about a club closing . In the process they got The Young Adults to reform to play a few shows at Lupo 's in July 1987 . The results were released as the film ( It 's A ) Complex World ( named after the Young Adults song ) and The Young Adults ' Helping Others album . The former founding Young Adults band member , Thom Enright , died on February 20 , 2012 , aged 59 , from brain cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "302b7d3d1cff12df68cb20fb766fd0c3", "text": "The Young Caucasians The Young Caucasians were a pop band from the Washington DC area , who had a measure of success in the 1980s after an appearance on the comedy television show Saturday Night Live . The band released a seven-song album , Pop Quiz ( Wasp Records , 1983 ) , and six-song EP , The White Stuff ( 1986 ) . While the Washington Post described their music as `` good-humored '' , it noted that they were not a `` joke band '' . Their most notable performance was in a 1977 skit on Saturday Night Live with Ray Charles during which they played the Charles classic `` What 'd I Say '' , a song whose erotic content had been causing some controversy because of `` the dialogue between himself -LSB- Charles -RSB- and his backing singers that started in church and ended up in the bedroom '' . The skit was a spoof of the double racial standard of the time ; Charles hosted an episode and had the original band he toured with in the 1950s to join him . In the skit , he tells a producer that he wants to record the song , but the producer tells him that a white band named the `` Young Caucasians '' , composed of beaming white teenagers , are to record it first , which they do on the show , in a chaste , sanitized , and unexciting performance . When Charles and his band counter with their original version , Garrett Morris tells them , `` Sorry . That 'll never make it '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c865b086a3607815cdb07fde783c4e06", "text": "Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ec43c0b54b52933c295fcd96f23c40f", "text": "List of AC/DC tribute albums This is a list of tribute albums ( and individual covers ) of the Australian hard rock band , AC/DC . Due to AC/DC 's worldwide popularity , many musicians have made tribute albums to the band . These albums have been made by a variety of different artists from across several different genres , such as bluegrass music and death metal . AC/DC 's influence has also meant that their individual songs have also been frequently covered by other artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f360bf5f71ba0379f58ed253012c7de", "text": "Acrobat (song) `` Acrobat '' is a song by rock band U2 . It is the eleventh track on their 1991 album Achtung Baby . The critical failure of Rattle and Hum ( 1988 ) led the band to seek a harder sound in their music . The song developed from a riff created by guitarist The Edge , and is played in a time signature . Thematically the song contains elements of hypocrisy , alienation , and moral confusion . `` Acrobat '' has never been performed live , although it was rehearsed prior to the third leg of the Zoo TV Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87846bb2d76610f50113db1dfc25c8ac", "text": "Ride On (AC/DC song) `` Ride On '' is a song and single by Australian hard rock band AC/DC originally released on the album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap and later re-released on the album Who Made Who . In both versions , the song is sung by Bon Scott . Atypically for an AC/DC song , it has a sad , slow blues , almost ballad-like feel to it . The lyrics concern a man reflecting on mistakes he has made in a relationship while drinking alcohol . It has frequently been cited as one of AC/DC 's best songs . `` Ride On '' was covered by the French band Trust on their self-titled 1979 debut album after supporting AC/DC in Paris , France in the fall of 1978 . Bon Scott jammed the song with Trust at Scorpio Sound Studios in London , England on February 13 , 1980 , six days before his death . A recording of it would later surface on the Bon Scott Forever Volume 1 bootleg . AC/DC has played the song live only once , on June 22 , 2001 , at Stade de France , Saint-Denis , during the Stiff Upper Lip Tour . Brian Johnson sang the song as a tribute to Bon Scott .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265630748e24898ba8ba8d235fdbfd0f", "text": "Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center The Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center is a memorial to Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz located at 3940 Broadway and West 165th Street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City , the building which once housed the Audubon Ballroom , where Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21 , 1965 . It opened on May 19 , 2005 , the 80th anniversary of Malcolm X 's birth . The stated purpose of the center is to carry on the work of Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz `` through the advancement of human rights and social justice '' . The center is decorated with a 63-foot ( 19-meter ) mural depicting the life of Malcolm X and a life-size bronze statue of the human rights activist . It includes six interactive kiosks that provide information about the lives of Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz . The kiosks were developed by Columbia University 's Digital Knowledge Ventures and Professor Manning Marable of the university 's African American Studies department . The center also is home to documents related to Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47e6a68346f19524e8632895748bdd20", "text": "Highway to Hell (song) `` Highway to Hell '' is the opening track of AC/DC 's 1979 album Highway to Hell . It was initially released as a single in 1979 . The song was written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Bon Scott , with Angus Young credited for writing the guitar riff which became an instant classic . AC/DC had made several studio albums before and were constantly promoting them via a grueling tour schedule , referred to by Angus Young as being on a highway to hell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa87ea0696e4570ae36eb8df7eae8e72", "text": "Young Aviators Young Aviators are a Scottish rock band based in Glasgow , Scotland . They released their début album Self Help with the label Electric Honey in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b250f26708cb8de45b137757423bfbc6", "text": "Satellite Blues `` Satellite Blues '' is a song by Australian rock band AC/DC , released as a single , and appeared on their 2000 album , Stiff Upper Lip . It peaked at No. 23 on the ARIA Singles Chart . This was AC/DC 's last single until the release of 2008 's `` Rock 'N Roll Train '' from Black Ice . In the United States Billboard magazine , it reached No. 7 on their Mainstream Rock chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01b0fd3b90ca559fbebe1f424c78d9ec", "text": "Neil Young (album) Neil Young is the self-titled debut studio album by Canadian musician Neil Young , which was his debut release as a solo artist following his departure from the band Buffalo Springfield . Released first on November 12 , 1968 , it was then partially remixed and re-released in January 1969 . In neither case did it appear on the Billboard 200 album chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d104aa07fd961f0ab259be45e1157fe4", "text": "Live at Donington (AC/DC album) Live at Donington is the DVD recording of the AC/DC show at Donington Park on 17 August 1991 , and it was the band 's third Monsters of Rock festival . The two-hour show was performed before 72,500 spectators and included real cannons , the Hells Bell , an inflatable Rosie and an inflatable Angus . It was filmed in 35 mm Panavision and had 26 cameras that included one situated inside a helicopter . The DVD includes special features such as stereo and 5.1 surround sound , Iso-cam versions of certain songs for different band members , and audio commentary from Angus and Malcolm Young . Another option allows the viewer to focus on just one member for the length of a song . This option is available for Angus Young on `` Thunderstruck '' , `` Back in Black '' , and `` Highway to Hell '' . The option is offered for Malcolm Young on `` T.N.T. '' , Brian Johnson on `` Whole Lotta Rosie '' and Cliff Williams `` Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap '' . One other feature is a full catalogue discography with audio interview of all international albums . Despite the commercial success of the DVD , many hardcore fans were disappointed that the audio was fixed , with many differences than the original video , though the DVD officially released in Brazil still has original audio . Tracks from Live at Donington on AC/DC Live have the original audio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "828994e38681fc5b01af306c4c616bd7", "text": "Guns for Hire `` Guns for Hire '' is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC , from their album Flick of the Switch , released on 15 August 1983 . Written by band members , Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Brian Johnson , it was also released in August as a single with `` Landslide '' as the B-side . It charted at No. 37 on the UK Singles Chart , and No. 84 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached No. 19 in Ireland . The track served as the opening song during the band 's performances during the ensuing tour in support of Flick of the Switch , but has never been performed on any other AC/DC tours since . A promotional video was produced for the song , which featured drummer Simon Wright rather than Phil Rudd . Rudd had left the band during the recording of Flick of the Switch and was replaced by Wright before the start of the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03e6b84fbe5f14472c83618dd6d04ec6", "text": "Rock Hard `` Rock Hard '' is a single by the Beastie Boys , released by Def Jam Records on 12 '' in 1984 . The song , and the accompanying songs on the 12 '' , feature the band 's first major label rap effort . The track contains samples from the AC/DC song `` Back in Black '' , which was used without obtaining legal permission - thereby causing the record to be promptly withdrawn . Later , when the group planned to include the out-of-print song on their 1999 compilation , Beastie Boys Anthology : The Sounds of Science , AC/DC refused to allow the sample to be used . Mike D spoke to AC/DC 's Malcolm Young personally on the phone when their lawyers refused to clear the sample , and later said that `` AC/DC could not get with the sample concept . They were just like , ` Nothing against you guys , but we just do n't endorse sampling . ' '' Ad-Rock then added `` So we told them that we do n't endorse people playing guitars . '' The cover design is also famous for now being the official Def Jam records logo for vinyl releases ; to this day , vinyl singles released by Def Jam have this design . Long removed from print , it was considered a rare collector 's item until Def Jam reissued the single in Europe in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8559784ca2fe82318dcca6d932c9058d", "text": "Phil Rudd Phillip Hugh Norman `` Phil '' Rudd ( born Phillip Hugh Norman Witschke Rudzevecuis , 19 May 1954 ) is an Australian drummer , best known for his membership in Australian hard rock band AC/DC from 1975 through 1983 , and again from 1994 to 2015 . Upon the 1977 departure of bass guitarist Mark Evans from AC/DC , Rudd became the only Australian-born member of the band . In 2003 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with the other members of AC/DC . Due to ongoing legal problems in New Zealand , Rudd was unable to join the band for the 2015 Rock or Bust tour and was replaced by Chris Slade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c74f43886317e2513d88e66c90499fb", "text": "Eddie Perez (guitarist) Edward Anthony Perez ( born June 26 , 1968 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American guitarist and singer . He currently tours and records with The Mavericks after a long time of being on tour with Dwight Yoakam . Perez joined the Grammy award-winning , multi-platinum band The Mavericks as a member in 2003 . He has also played with other notable artists such as James Intveld , Connie Smith , Jim Lauderdale , Miranda Lambert , Lee Ann Womack , Gary Allan and Kim Richey . In addition to his work with The Mavericks , he has worked with Mavericks ' lead singer , Raul Malo , on his solo projects , including the Peter Asher-produced record , You 're Only Lonely . He can be seen on the DVDs The Mavericks - Live in Austin , Texas , as well as the DVD Return to Sin City : A Tribute to Gram Parsons . He also appears in CMT 's 100 Greatest Love Songs and CMT 's 100 Greatest Duets . Born in Los Angeles , Perez grew up listening to rock guitarists of the 1970s and 1980s . `` My heroes were Jimmy Page , Jeff Beck , Van Halen and Ace Frehley , '' Perez told the Pittsburgh City Paper in June 2016 . `` Everything a big-eyed boy would find fascinating about rock 'n' roll , that was me . I was 12 years old and my father took me to see ZZ Top and it blew my mind . I was never the same after that . '' Perez began playing in bands at the age of 13 and discovered Honky Tonk music when he first heard `` Guitars and Cadillacs '' by Dwight Yoakam , with whom he would later perform . `` Hearing that really turned me around and it gave me a focus . From then on I started to learn everything I could about that music . But then I also had that rock 'n' roll background , too . '' In 2003 , Perez replaced Nick Kane in the Mavericks , just a short time before the band broke up . A consummate showman , Perez is known for his flair on stage both in his dress and in his stage movements . `` You would n't think that an influence of Jimmy Page or Angus Young of AC/DC would fit into the Mavericks , but somehow it does , '' Perez says of his stage presence . `` When I 'm on stage , I show up to give a performance because that 's what I would want to see . You dig what I 'm saying ? I 'm not so much thinking it as much as I 'm feeling it . I try to get to the most real , honest place that I can within each song . What I 'm doing on stage is a visual to what that sound feels like to me . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e89abee37e782969968d94fbcc5a3b", "text": "Rock or Bust Rock or Bust is a studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It is their fifteenth internationally released studio album and the sixteenth to be released in Australia . It is the shortest studio album ever released by the band ; at approximately 35 minutes , it is two minutes shorter than their previous shortest album , Flick of the Switch , which was released in 1983 . Rock or Bust also was the group 's first album without founding member and rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young , who had retired from the band in 2014 due to health concerns , although he co-wrote every track on the album . Bass guitarist Cliff Williams has also retired since Rock or Bust was released , drummer Phil Rudd was unable to participate in the supporting tour after being sentenced to house arrest , and vocalist Brian Johnson was forced to exit the band after the fifth leg of the album 's supporting tour as a result of hearing loss . The group released the debut single from the album , titled `` Play Ball '' , on 7 October 2014 . The song has been a commercial success , reaching the top 40 charts in various countries such as Spain ( at number 28 ) , France ( at number 39 ) or Switzerland ( at number 19 ) . Rock or Bust peaked at # 1 in 12 countries , including Australia , Canada , Germany and Sweden . It reached the top 5 in a further 12 countries , including New Zealand , the United Kingdom , the United States and Italy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8792ff380565965e4eeee4c6e5f9271", "text": "Edward Norton Edward Harrison Norton ( born August 18 , 1969 ) is an American actor , filmmaker and activist . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films Primal Fear ( 1996 ) , American History X ( 1998 ) and Birdman ( 2014 ) . He also starred in other roles , such as Everyone Says I Love You ( 1996 ) , The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , Fight Club ( 1999 ) , Red Dragon ( 2002 ) , 25th Hour ( 2002 ) , Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , The Illusionist ( 2006 ) , Moonrise Kingdom ( 2012 ) , The Grand Budapest Hotel ( 2014 ) and Sausage Party ( 2016 ) . He has also directed and co-written films , including his directorial debut , Keeping the Faith ( 2000 ) . He has done uncredited work on the scripts for The Score ( 2001 ) , Frida ( 2002 ) , and The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) . Alongside his work in cinema , Norton is an environmental and social activist , and is a member of the board of trustees of Enterprise Community Partners , a non-profit organization for developing affordable housing founded by his grandfather James Rouse . Norton is president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust . He ran in the 2009 New York City Marathon to raise money for the Trust . He also raises money for charity through Crowdrise , a social networking community for volunteers and a micro-donations fundraising platform . In July 2010 , Norton was designated as the United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon . On July 2 , 2014 , Norton was elected chairman of the board of trustees to Signature Theatre , a not-for-profit theater company in New York . Norton has been on Signature 's board since 1996 and served as the co-chair of the Capital Campaign during the building of the Pershing Square Signature Center .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "739d1d4950dd8ce1fa4161071fcc1707", "text": "Owd Bob Owd Bob : The Grey Dog of Kenmuir , also titled Bob , Son of Battle for US editions , is a children 's book by English author Alfred Ollivant . It was published in 1898 and became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States , though most of the dialogue in the book was written in the Cumbrian dialect . The name `` Owd Bob '' is a rendering of the phrase `` Old Bob '' in a dialect style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c803abb1917e07525badf89f965e7e7", "text": "Ted Walker Edward Joseph ( Ted ) Walker FRSL ( 28 November 1934 -- 19 March 2004 ) was a prize-winning English poet , short story writer , travel writer , TV and radio dramatist and broadcaster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2bf8a473fd0116fdfa032f37599aed0", "text": "Alex Norton Alexander Hugh `` Alex '' Norton ( born 27 January 1950 ) is a Scottish television , film and voice actor . He is perhaps best known for his roles as DCI Matt Burke in the STV detective drama series Taggart , Eric Baird in BBC Two Sitcom Two Doors Down , DCS Wallace in Extremely Dangerous , Gerald Finlay in Waterloo Road and Eddie in the Renford Rejects . He has also had roles in internationally successful films including Braveheart , Local Hero and Les Misérables .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65c9d313dd386f65e1d694b161540262", "text": "The Digging-est Dog The Digging-Est Dog is a children 's book authored by Al Perkins and illustrated by Eric Gurney . The book was first published on August 12 , 1967 as part of the Dr. Seuss Beginner Books series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "959e21e19f15ec4356dfaddf036284e8", "text": "Mad Dog Summer and Other Stories Mad Dog Summer and Other Stories , is a collection of short stories by Joe R. Lansdale , first published in 2004 in a limited edition by Subterranean Press . It was reissued in paperback in 2006 by Golden Gryphon Press . Both Subterranean Press editions have long sold out . It contains : `` Mad Dog Summer '' ( won a Bram Stoker Award and was originally published in 999 : New Stories of Horror & Suspense , ed Al Sarrantonio ) ( 1999 ) `` The Mule Rustlers '' ( originally published in The Mysterious Press Anniversary Anthology , ed . Freed and Malloy ) ( 2001 ) `` O'Reta : Snapshot Memories '' ( originally published in Mothers and Sons , ed . Jill Morgan ) ( 2000 ) `` Rainy Weather '' ( it won a Bram Stoker Award , and was a shorter version of what became The Big Blow ; originally published in Cemetery Dance # 30 ) ( 1998 ) `` Screwup '' ( co-written by Karen Lansdale ; originally published in Till Death Do Us Part , ed . Jill M. Morgan & Martin H. Greenberg ) ( 1999 ) `` The Steam Man of the Prairie and the Dark Rider Get Down '' ( originally published in The Long Ones ) ( 2000 ) `` Veil 's Visit '' ( a Hap and Leonard short story co-written with Andrew Vachss ) ( originally published in Veil 's Visit : A Taste of Hap and Leonard ) ( 2001 ) `` Way Down There '' ( first publication ) An early , extremely limited pressing had the script for the graphic novel Red Range , as well as the other Hap and Leonard story `` Death by Chili '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac443e95db11c8bfb56092b87cd73bb0", "text": "Sleeping Dogs (film) Sleeping Dogs is a 1977 film based on the book Smith 's Dream by C. K. Stead , and is the first feature film by director Roger Donaldson . Featuring Sam Neill , Clyde Scott and Warren Oates it is notable for being the first feature-length 35 mm film produced entirely in New Zealand . A political thriller with action film elements , it follows the lead character `` Smith '' ( Neill ) as New Zealand plunges into a police state as a fascist government institutes martial law after industrial disputes flare into violence . Smith gets caught between the special police and a growing resistance movement and reluctantly becomes involved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fa916fd21fbcb6249dc559b724e28ca", "text": "Vulnerable Native Breeds thumb | right | There were only 37 Skye Terrier puppies registered with the Kennel Club in 2010 Vulnerable Native Breeds are a group of dog breeds originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland , and identified by The Kennel Club ( KC ) as having annual registration numbers of 300 puppies or fewer . The need for such a list was first identified in June 2003 , with research conducted by the KC to identify the extent of the vulnerability and viability of each breed . It was a joint project , with the KC working with the British and Irish Native Breeds Trust , later to be known simply as the Native Dog Breeds Trust . The breeds on the list have been promoted at events such as Discover Dogs and Crufts , and by asking that owners of these breeds mate their dogs rather than having them spayed . The majority of the list come from the Terrier Group , a group mostly derived from breeds with backgrounds in the British Isles . The most marked drop in popularity is that of the Sealyham Terrier which registered 1,084 breeds in 1938 , but by 2004 was registering only sixty dogs a year . In October 2011 , British magazine Country Life highlighted the breed on its front cover , with the heading `` SOS : Save our Sealyhams '' , and launched a campaign to save the breed . The Otterhound , popular during the time of Henry VIII , has numbers of less than a thousand world wide and is described by the British & Irish Dog Breeds Preservation Trust as `` twice as rare as the Giant Panda '' . The list was originally compiled in January 2006 , and included 28 breeds . Later in 2006 , the Miniature Bull Terrier was added . In 2007 , after consultation with the breed clubs involved , the Bloodhound , Gordon Setter and King Charles Spaniel were re-classed as `` Viable '' rather than vulnerable . The English Setter is the newest addition to the list , having been added for the first time in 2012 . However , during 2012 the number of English Setter puppies registered increased to 314 , so the breed was moved to the Kennel Club 's ` At Watch ' list , which is for breeds with registrations from 300-450 . Breeds on the ` At Watch ' list included in 2013 the English Setter , the Old English Sheepdog , the Irish Terrier , the Irish Wolfhound , the Welsh Springer Spaniel , the Pembroke Welsh Corgi , and the Welsh Terrier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "355f0ba2443269ec28a30cdc78b695e2", "text": "The Adventure of Silver Blaze `` Silver Blaze '' , one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , is one of 12 in the cycle collected as The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes . Doyle ranked `` Silver Blaze '' 13th in a list of his 19 favourite Sherlock Holmes stories . One of the most popular Sherlock Holmes short stories , `` Silver Blaze '' focuses on the disappearance of the eponymous race horse ( a famous winner ) on the eve of an important race and on the apparent murder of its trainer . The tale is distinguished by its atmospheric Dartmoor setting and late-Victorian sporting milieu . It also features some of Conan Doyle 's most effective plotting , hinging on the `` curious incident of the dog in the night-time : '' Gregory ( Scotland Yard detective ) : `` Is there any other point to which you would wish to draw my attention ? '' Holmes : `` To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time . '' Gregory : `` The dog did nothing in the night-time . '' Holmes : `` That was the curious incident . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67579ba986a716ae04d5c67dfbb73acb", "text": "Dog Eat Dog (2001 film) Dog Eat Dog is a 2001 British sex comedy film , directed by Moody Shoaibi and written by Moody Shoaibi and Mark Tonderai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48356ea98832e21cca57b1b65bc18c7c", "text": "Edward the King Edward the King may refer to : Edward the King ( play ) , a play by David Brendan Hopes Edward the Seventh , also known as Edward the King , a 1975 television drama series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d64887e113ccfd30337697e03a1e1e", "text": "Edward Kay (writer) Edward Kay is a Toronto-based screenwriter , story editor and novelist with a background in both live-action and animated television comedy , as well as print journalism . Kay spent four years as a writer and producer on the political satire , This Hour Has 22 Minutes , before becoming supervising producer of The Itch , a comedy series starring Jason Jones formerly of The Daily Show , and Jessica Holmes . Kay then co-created the animated children 's series , Ollie 's Under-the-Bed Adventures ( later known as Olliver 's Adventures ) and wrote the pilot episode , which won a Gemini Award for Best Animated Program . He has written numerous episodes of Atomic Betty , a television series broadcast in more than 100 countries . With Sean Scott , he is the co-creator of Jimmy Two-Shoes , an animated comedy series that in December 2007 , was put into production by broadcasters Disney XD and Teletoon . He is the co-creator of Finding Stuff Out , a comedy-inflected science show that airs on TVO and Knowledge Network . Kay 's first novel , a YA sc-fi comedy entitled STAR Academy was released September 15 , 2009 by Random House/Doubleday . The sequel , Dark Secrets , was released on September 13 , 2011 . He subsequently was commissioned by Scholastic Books to write an historical novel about the Battle of the Atlantic , entitled `` Sink and Destroy '' . His latest novel is a thriller entitled `` At Rope 's End '' , which will be released by New York City based publisher Crooked Lane in January , 2017 . Kay 's writing for This Hour Has 22 Minutes has garnered him three Gemini Awards , a Canadian Comedy Award , and a Canadian Screenwriting Award . For his work in print journalism he has received two Canadian National Magazine Award Honourable Mentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f79e986fe41a7e62d36e5e4a961ec7f", "text": "John Norton John Norton may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04329ef3cecfc5596b6322fe5724362b", "text": "The Norton Anthology of American Literature The Norton Anthology of American Literature is a compendium of various works by authors of specifically American birth or naturalization , ranging from short poems , pamphlets , and novellas to longer entries such as entire novels and philosophical pieces . This collection proceeded from a series of other anthologies including English Literature and Poetry . It was first published in 1979 by W. W. Norton & Company and is notable for the series ' 2003 Shorter Sixth Edition . Category : American anthologies Category : W. W. Norton & Company books Category : Publications established in 1979", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319eddcea1a542613c72644a6753bd1b", "text": "Gil Norton Gil Norton ( born in Liverpool ) is an English record producer known for his work with Alternative rock bands such as Pixies , Echo & the Bunnymen , Foo Fighters , Tribe , Jimmy Eat World , Dashboard Confessional , Feeder , The Distillers , Maxïmo Park , Counting Crows , Terrorvision , The Triffids , Del Amitri , James , The Feelers , The Beekeepers , Twin Atlantic , General Fiasco and Span . In 2001 , he began to work with The Strokes on their debut album Is This It , but he was replaced by Gordon Raphael .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db61c4287fe18d23de8a8b4ac64cfc53", "text": "The Dogs of War (film) The Dogs of War is a 1980 war film based upon the 1974 novel of the same name by Frederick Forsyth . Largely filmed in Belize , it was directed by John Irvin and starred Christopher Walken and Tom Berenger . In it a small mercenary unit of soldiers is privately hired to depose the president of a fictional African country so that a British tycoon can gain access to a platinum deposit . The title is based on a phrase from William Shakespeare 's play Julius Caesar : `` Cry , ` Havoc ! ' , and let slip the dogs of war . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2051193d27db1968c2996a44c47bcc42", "text": "Edward P. Jones Edward Paul Jones ( born October 5 , 1950 ) is an American novelist and short story writer . His 2003 novel The Known World received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b10faf65f39752918e7ebe0096b4464", "text": "Alpha (The X-Files) `` Alpha '' is the sixteenth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network on March 28 , 1999 in the United States . The episode was written by Jeffrey Bell , and directed by Peter Markle . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` Alpha '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.1 , being watched by 17.7 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly negative reviews from critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Mulder and Scully investigate several killings blamed on an Asian dog called the Wanshang Dhole , thought to be extinct . Mulder and Scully join an obstinate Sheriff , a seemingly eccentric hunter , and a reclusive canine expert to find it . However , there is more mystery to the expert than meets the eye . `` Alpha '' was based on a single motif -- `` Scary dogs in the City '' -- written by Jeffrey Bell onto a notecard . The episode went through several drafts before being readied right before filming began . Several of the scenes featuring the Chinese freighter were created either through digital technology or through the combination of matte paintings and actual filmed footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f95df402a913184c57100f2678a670d5", "text": "The Borrowers Avenged The Borrowers Avenged is a children 's fantasy novel by Mary Norton , published in 1982 by Viking Kestrel in the UK and Harcourt in the US . It was the last of five books in a series that is usually called The Borrowers , inaugurated by The Borrowers in 1952 . The Borrowers Avenged was written more than 20 years after its predecessor The Borrowers Aloft ( 1961 ) . It is about twice as long as the others at nearly 300 pages ; the 1966 British omnibus edition of four novels was only 699 pages . Pauline Baynes succeeded Diana L. Stanley as illustrator in the U.K. while Beth and Joe Krush continued as U.S. illustrators . The book received a positive reception by critics . New York magazine called it a `` well-drawn portrait ... wittily told '' while Country Life called it `` a modern classic in the making '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcd52709f776a934a33cc1e5d4510d5d", "text": "Norton, Gloucestershire Norton is a civil parish in the English county of Gloucestershire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a60804e250583efb80357fd9283e39f8", "text": "Edward Dick Edward Dick is a British theatre director .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f22b617095edee8b00b49f55aa420364", "text": "Earth Earth ( from Eorðe -LSB- Γαῖα , Gaia -RSB- Terra ) , otherwise known as the World or the Globe , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets . According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence , Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago . Earth 's gravity interacts with other objects in space , especially the Sun and the Moon , Earth 's only natural satellite . During one orbit around the Sun , Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times ; thus , an Earth year is about 365.26 days long . Earth 's axis of rotation is tilted , producing seasonal variations on the planet 's surface . The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides , stabilizes the Earth 's orientation on its axis , and gradually slows its rotation . Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years . About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by its oceans . The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere . The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack . Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics . Within the first billion years of Earth 's history , life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth 's atmosphere and surface , leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms . Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago . Since then , the combination of Earth 's distance from the Sun , physical properties , and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive . In the history of the Earth , biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion , occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events . Over 99 % of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct . Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely ; most species have not been described . Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival . Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures ; politically , the world has about 200 sovereign states .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cb9ed618e9ffdc938edd6b2add3d7d26", "text": "Key Biodiversity Area The Key Biodiversity Areas ( KBA ) approach helps to identify and designate areas of international importance in terms of biodiversity conservation using globally standardised criteria . KBAs extend the Important Bird Area ( IBA ) concept to other taxonomic groups and are now being identified in many parts of the world , by a range of organisations . Examples include Important Plant Areas ( IPAs ) , Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas ( EBSAs ) in the High Seas , Alliance for Zero Extinction ( AZE ) sites , Prime Butterfly Areas , Important Mammal Areas and Important Sites for Freshwater Biodiversity , with prototype criteria developed for freshwater molluscs and fish and for marine systems . The determination of KBAs often brings sites onto the conservation agenda that had n't previously been identified as needing protection due to the nature of the two non-exclusive criteria used to determine them ; vulnerability ; and irreplaceability", "title": "" }, { "docid": "003cdde508cdb95fe9d8ca06b1b6a4d2", "text": "Animat Animat ( third-person indicative present of the Latin verb animō ) , meaning to `` animate , give or bring life '' . Animats are artificial animals , a contraction of animal-materials . The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations . Animat research , a subset of Artificial Life studies , has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks ' seminal paper `` Intelligence without representation '' . The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1985 , in `` Knowledge growth in an artificial animal '' , published in the first Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications . An example using the Animat model as proposed by Wilson is discussed at some length in chapter 9 of Stan Franklin 's book , Artificial Minds . In this implementation , the animat is capable of independent learning about its environment through application and evolution of pattern-matching rules called `` taxons '' . In 2001 Thomas DeMarse performed studies on ` Neurally controlled animat ' . Every two years , the Society of Adaptive Behaviour meets and produces a proceedings on this topic . They also have a journal , Adaptive Behavior . Alan H Goldstein has proposed that , because nanobiotechnology is in the process of creating real animal-materials , speculative use of this term should be discouraged and its application become purely phenomenological . Based on the Animat Test ( contained in the reference `` I , Nanobot . '' ) any nonbiological material or entity that exhibits the minimum set of behaviors that define a life form is , de facto , an Animat . Goldstein 's basic premise is that in the age of nanobiotechnology it is necessary to follow the chemistry and molecular engineering rather than watching for the emergence of some pre-conceived minimum level of ` intelligence ' such as an artificial neural network capable of adaptive phenomena . Goldstein has cautioned that there is a serious disconnect between the fields of nanobiotechnology and A-life based on profound differences in scientific training , experimental systems , and the different sets of terminology ( jargon ) these two fields have produced . Nanobiotechnologists ( really molecular engineers who work with both biological and nonbiological molecules ) are generally not concerned with complex systems per se ; even when they are building molecular interconnects between such systems , e.g. neuroelectronic splices . A-Life researchers mainly take a systems-level approach . The enormous transformative power of novel molecular engineering has the potential to create Animats , true nonbiological life forms , whose relatively simple behavior would not fit into most standard A-Life paradigms . As a result , Goldstein argues , the first Animats may come into being completely unrecognized by either scientific community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6784ec82391e9efcc8c5fe95c9f2e97a", "text": "Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high . The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods . Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eed0a652c4ab7217582d42282cd450e2", "text": "Biodiversity of Borneo The Borneo is located in Sunda Shelf which is an extensive region in Southeast Asia of immense importance in terms of biodiversity , biogeography and phylogeography of fauna and flora that had attracted AR Wallace and biologists all over the world . The previous climatic oscillation and sea level changes leading to contraction and expansion of the tropical rain contributed to the extinction and genetic divergence of species in the region . Harrison ( 1958 ) was the first to discover of intermittent human habitation about 49,000 years ago in the Niah Cave National Park . Baker et al. ( 2007 ) unraveled the complexities of the late Pleistocene to Holocene habitation of the Niah Cave . Flenley ( 1998 ) and Bird et al. ( 2005 ) suggested of a continuous savanna habitat with from the Asian mainland into Borneo and interrupted by a network of ancient Sunda River system . Dodson et al. ( 1995 ) postulated that the biogeographical history of Southeast Asia contributed to extensive admixture during Pleistocene low sea levels of genetic groups of an obligate freshwater fish ( the river catfish , Hemibagrus nemurus ) isolated during periods of high sea levels . During Pleistocene glacial maxima , the sea level was lower than at present and the islands of the Sunda shelf ( Sumatra , Borneo and Java ) and the Asian mainland were connected by lowlands traversed by rivers . Thus , the fish from Baram , Endau and Mekong rivers were genetically related . Piper et al. ( 2008 ) identified 27 mammal , 11 bird and eight reptile taxa recovered from the Terminal Pleistocene deposits at Niah Cave . Some of these animals are extinct and extent in distribution in Borneo . Other biologists suggested Pleistocene refugia found in Borneo to explain for the gene flow and genetic divergent of certain species .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246fc3cc221a4c4179d48ec10a9b89f9", "text": "Conservation in Australia Conservation in Australia is an issue of state and federal policy . Australia is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world , with a large portion of species endemic to Australia . Preserving this wealth of biodiversity is important for future generations . Animal habitats like reefs and forests must be preserved in order to preserve population and diversity of animal species . Conservation is vital for future study and for field research to be taken , and because biological richness is an unmeasurable aesthetic that may be developed into commercial recreational attractions . According to Janine Benyus , the potential for advances in biomimicry in Australia are great because the extreme weather and conditions found here provide an excellent evolutionary incubator . Research on natural processes can only occur if habitat is preserved and organisms continue to thrive . Federal and State governments manage protected areas and national parks ; a number of non-governmental organizations are also involved in conservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af1b9e8f82407d5fad00114adef2991c", "text": "Urban biosphere reserve An urban biosphere reserve is an attempt to apply the biosphere reserve concept to urban areas by the MAB Programme of UNESCO . Through urban planning and ecosystem management , an urban biosphere reserve is expected to support sustainable development and conservation . Brighton and Hove is bidding to become the world 's first urban biosphere reserve . The need for urban biosphere reserves has arisen as the number of people living in the world 's cities has reached three billion , nearly half of the total population . By 2050 two-thirds of the total population will be living in the cities . The rapid expansion of the cities and of their populations pose a challenge for a viable global environment . Although some of the existing biosphere reserves include cities and towns , entirely urban-oriented biosphere reserves have yet to be included in the list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c31f99071f668947455a84a22ac65b6e", "text": "Important ecological areas Important ecological areas ( IEAs ) are habitat areas which , either by themselves or in a network , contribute significantly to an ecosystem 's productivity , biodiversity , and resilience . Appropriate management of key ecological features delineates the management boundaries of an IEA . The identification and protection of IEAs is an element of an ecosystem-based management approach . Important ecological areas may have varying levels of management of extractive activities , from monitoring up to and including marine reserve . IEAs have management measures tailored to the ecological features within the area with consideration of socioeconomic factors . Whereas marine reserves generally have a fixed management policy of no extraction or ` no-take ' . Nonetheless , a marine reserve may be the appropriate management policy for an IEA . The identification and management of IEAs is a form of ocean zoning . In the event that there are a series of linked IEAs within a large marine ecosystem , a collective action to manage the network , such as a marine sanctuary or national monument , may be warranted . Examples are tropical rainforests , oceans , forests , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4490498aa70011d2b1452e0dd6ec07a", "text": "Microorganism A microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism , which may be single-celled or multicellular . The study of microorganisms is called microbiology , a subject that began with the discovery of microorganisms in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek . Robert Hooke coined the term `` cell '' after viewing plant cells under his microscope . Later , in the 19th century , Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage , debunking the theory of spontaneous generation . In 1876 Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms cause diseases . Microorganisms are very diverse and include all bacteria , archaea and most protozoa . This group also contains some fungi , algae , and some micro-animals such as rotifers . Many macroscopic animals and plants have microscopic juvenile stages . Some microbiologists classify viruses and viroids as microorganisms , but others consider these as nonliving . In July 2016 , scientists identified a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor of all life , including microorganisms , living on Earth . Microorganisms live in every part of the biosphere , including soil , hot springs , inside rocks at least 12 mi deep underground , the deepest parts of the ocean , and at least 40 mi high in the atmosphere . Microorganisms , under certain test conditions , have been observed to thrive in the vacuum of outer space . Microorganisms likely far outweigh all other living things combined . The mass of prokaryote microorganisms including the bacteria and archaea may be as much as 0.8 trillion tons of carbon , out of the total biomass of between 1 and 4 trillion tons . Microorganisms appear to thrive in the Mariana Trench , the deepest spot in the Earth 's oceans . Other researchers reported related studies that microorganisms thrive inside rocks up to 580 m below the sea floor under 2590 m of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States , as well as 2400 m beneath the seabed off Japan . In August 2014 , scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living 800 m below the ice of Antarctica . According to one researcher , `` You can find microbes everywhere -- they 're extremely adaptable to conditions , and survive wherever they are . '' Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers . As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen , they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle , and recent studies indicate that airborne microorganisms may play a role in precipitation and weather . Microorganisms are also exploited in biotechnology , both in traditional food and beverage preparation , and in modern technologies based on genetic engineering . A small proportion of microorganisms are pathogenic , causing disease and even death in plants and animals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78ea6dd9287f24c0855296115377c03b", "text": "Ecological self Ecological self is central to the school of Experiential Deep Ecology , which , based on the work of Norwegian philosopher Arne Næss , argues that through the process of self-actualisation , one transcends the nations of the individuated `` egoic '' self and arrives at a position of an ecological self . So long as one is working within the narrower concept of self , Næss argues , environmentally responsible behaviour is a form of altruism , a `` doing good for the other '' , which historically has been a precarious ethical basis , usually involved in exhorting others to `` be good '' . Næss argues that in his Ecosophy , the enlargement of the ego-self to the eco-self results in environmentally responsible behaviour as a form of self-interest . Warwick Fox argued that Næss 's philosophy was based upon a variety of `` transpersonal ecology '' in which self-interest was firmly embedded within the interest of the ecommunity ecosphere of which the self was eternally embedded As deep ecologist John Seed has stated , `` Deep ecology critiques the idea that we are the crown of creation , the measure of all being : that the world is a pyramid with humanity rightly on top , merely a resource , and that nature has instrumental value only '' . The concept of the Ecological Self goes beyond anthropocentrism , which , by contrast locates human concerns as the exclusive source of all value . It draws upon the Land Ethic of Aldo Leopold . Leopold argued that within conventional ethics , the land itself was considered only as property , occupying a role analogous to slavery in earlier societies that permitted the ownership of people . By comparison a land ethic enlarges the boundary of moral concern to include `` soils , waters , plants , and animals , or collectively : the land '' . The basis of such a non-anthropocentric ethic , according to Leopold was that `` A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity , stability , and beauty of the biotic community . It is wrong when it tends otherwise . '' Like Thomas Berry and Brian Swimme , ecological philosopher Freya Mathews argues that in considering the ecological self , we need to look beyond the present to the `` deep time '' of ages past , in the evolution of life and the creation of the cosmos , in order to consider the real roots of human consciousness . Experiential deep ecologist Joanna Macy speaks of the Ecological Self in her book `` World as Lover , World as Self '' , and uses the concept in her work on `` Deep Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fe022ace748ac47ee0d79386ec29e5a", "text": "Water resources Water resources are sources of water that are potentially useful . Uses of water include agricultural , industrial , household , recreational and environmental activities . The majority of human uses require fresh water . 97 % of the water on the Earth is salt water and only three percent is fresh water ; slightly over two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps . The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater , with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air . Fresh water is a renewable resource , yet the world 's supply of groundwater is steadily decreasing , with depletion occurring most prominently in Asia , South America and North America , although it is still unclear how much natural renewal balances this usage , and whether ecosystems are threatened . The framework for allocating water resources to water users ( where such a framework exists ) is known as water rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f12c6bab5904578872ffc015e7a3d9", "text": "Modern Mars habitability One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is , or ever has been life on Mars . Mars probably had oceans in the past , and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere . Modern Mars has become cold , dry , and almost uninhabitable , yet , if life did ever arise on Mars , some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present . The only missions to search for life on Mars , the two Viking missions , returned results that were inconclusive . However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars , which may have confused the results of the experiments . Also , they did n't know enough about Mars at that time to target the regions we now think are most likely to have present day life . Life would meet many challenges on present day Mars . Liquid water boils at 0 ° C , over much of its surface . Even at the depths of the Hellas basin , any water is close to its boiling point of 10 ° C and will dry out quickly . Ice also evaporates into the atmosphere over geological timescales - and most of the equatorial regions are thought to be dry to depths of tens of meters . As its axial tilt varies , Mars atmosphere is sometimes thicker , and liquid water may then form on the surface - but any dormant life in the top few meters of soil would be destroyed over periods of millions of years by cosmic radiation . However , in 2008 , droplets were observed on the landing legs of Phoenix . Sadly , there was no way to analyse them , but the leading hypothesis is that they were droplets of salty water . Phoenix also made isotopic measurements which show that the Mars atmosphere has exchanged oxygen molecules with liquid on the surface in the recent geological past . This could indicate either recent episodic occurrences of liquid water ( for instance after a meteorite strike ) or water present every year , in contact with the atmosphere . We now know of many seasonal changes in the surface of Mars which are only visible in high resolution photographs . Most of these are now thought to be caused by dry ice or wind effects . However , the `` Recurrent slope lineae '' , and some of the `` flow like features '' form in conditions that suggest the occasional presence of small quantities of water on Mars . The evidence of flowing brines in the RSLs is strong , though it 's not known if they are habitable . Curiosity has also found indirect evidence of a brine layer 15 cm below the sands that it drives over , though most scientists think that this layer is not habitable for Earth life . Recent Mars surface simulations by Nilton Renno and his team have shown that small droplets of water can form on salt / ice interfaces for a few hours per day almost anywhere on the surface of Mars , and this may explain the Phoenix leg droplets observations . In a separate development , research by the German aerospace company DLR in Mars simulation chambers and on the ISS show that some Earth life can survive simulated Mars surface conditions without any water at all , and photosynthesize and metabolize , slowly . It can do this using the high relative humidity of the Mars atmosphere at night . All of this work was done after the Phoenix discoveries in 2008 . Other potential habitats include lakes formed in the higher latitudes after cometary or meteorite impacts , or as a result of volcanism . Covered by ice , these may remain liquid for centuries , or up to a few thousand years for the largest impacts . The planet may also have underground trapped layers of water heated by geothermal hotspots . Also there are suggestions that Mars may have a deep hydrosphere , a liquid layer below its cryosphere , a few kilometers below the surface . Deep rock habitats on Earth are inhabited by life so if this layer exists , it may also be habitable on Mars . The main questions are Do these potential habitats exist ? Are they habitable ? For instance , liquid water , if present , could be too cold , or too salty for Earth life Are they in fact inhabited by any forms of life ? As Mars is so inhospitable , life might not be able to spread to new habitats easily . So there might be life in some of the habitats and not in others . Or life on Mars may have gone extinct , or never evolved at all , in which case none of the habitats would be inhabited . These discoveries have renewed interest in this topic , with many astrobiologists saying that they think present day Mars may be more habitable than previously thought . The first conference on the Present Day Habitability of Mars was held in 2013 in UCLA . The 2017 conference session on Modern Mars Habitability will run from April 24 -- 28 in Mesa , Arizona", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ddc82e2a29c3b94d9c3ed280f9600ce", "text": "Supercontinent In geology , a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth 's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass . However , the definition of a supercontinent can be ambiguous . Many earth scientists use the term `` supercontinent '' to mean `` a clustering of nearly all continents '' . This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body and is easier to apply to Precambrian times . Using the first definition provided here , Gondwana is not considered a supercontinent , because the landmasses of Baltica , Laurentia and Siberia also existed at the same time but physically separate from each other . The landmass of Pangaea is the collective name describing all of these continental masses when they were most recently in proximity to one another . This would classify Pangaea as a supercontinent . According to the modern definitions , a supercontinent does not exist today . Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times in the geologic past ( see table ) . The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early Jurassic . However , beyond , continental positions are much less certain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20bbada588f2df16e0c457f397676cb3", "text": "Habitat A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal , plant , or other type of organism . The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food , shelter , protection and mates for reproduction . It is the natural environment in which an organism lives , or the physical environment that surrounds a species population . A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil , moisture , range of temperature , and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators . Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive , but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements . A habitat is not necessarily a geographical area , it can be the interior of a stem , a rotten log , a rock or a clump of moss , and for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host , part of the host 's body such as the digestive tract , or a single cell within the host 's body . Habitat types include polar , temperate , subtropical and tropical . The terrestrial vegetation type may be forest , steppe , grassland , semi-arid or desert . Fresh water habitats include marshes , streams , rivers , lakes , ponds and estuaries , and marine habitats include salt marshes , the coast , the intertidal zone , reefs , bays , the open sea , the sea bed , deep water and submarine vents . Habitats change over time . This may be due to a violent event such as the eruption of a volcano , an earthquake , a tsunami , a wildfire or a change in oceanic currents ; or the change may be more gradual over millennia with alterations in the climate , as ice sheets and glaciers advance and retreat , and as different weather patterns bring changes of precipitation and solar radiation . Other changes come as a direct result of human activities ; deforestation , the ploughing of ancient grasslands , the diversion and damming of rivers , the draining of marshland and the dredging of the seabed . The introduction of alien species can have a devastating effect on native wildlife , through increased predation , through competition for resources or through the introduction of pests and diseases to which the native species have no immunity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8fac626c77fa67673910c1ca18bf75a", "text": "Environmental science Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical , biological and information sciences ( including ecology , biology , physics , chemistry , zoology , mineralogy , oceanology , limnology , soil science , geology , atmospheric science , and geodesy ) to the study of the environment , and the solution of environmental problems . Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment . Today it provides an integrated , quantitative , and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems . Related areas of study include environmental studies and environmental engineering . Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships , perceptions and policies towards the environment . Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect . Environmental scientists work on subjects like the understanding of earth processes , evaluating alternative energy systems , pollution control and mitigation , natural resource management , and the effects of global climate change . Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical , chemical , and biological processes . Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems . Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space , and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis . Environmental science came alive as a substantive , active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by ( a ) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems , ( b ) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and ( c ) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems . Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson 's landmark environmental book Silent Spring along with major environmental issues becoming very public , such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill , and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland , Ohio , `` catching fire '' ( also in 1969 ) , and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f8af43bd4bb831bba5ecbc736e6190", "text": "Barren vegetation Barren vegetation describes an area of land where plant growth may be sparse , stunted , and/or contain limited biodiversity . Environmental conditions such as toxic or infertile soil , high winds , coastal salt-spray and climatic conditions are often key factors in poor plant growth and development . Barren vegetation can be categorized depending on the climate , geology and the geographic location of a specific area . Pine Barrens , coastal barrens and serpentine barrens are some of the more distinct ecoregions for barren vegetation and are the most commonly researched by scientists . Often referred to as `` heathlands '' , barrens can be excellent environments for unique biological diversity and taxonomic compositions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0d2cc8cf0cf3ca4572ef6cb4e4f138", "text": "Endemism Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location , such as an island , nation , country or other defined zone , or habitat type ; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere . The extreme opposite of endemism is cosmopolitan distribution . An alternative term for a species that is endemic is precinctive , which applies to species ( and subspecific categories ) that are restricted to a defined geographical area . The word endemic is from New Latin endēmicus , from Greek ενδήμος , endēmos , `` native '' . Endēmos is formed of en meaning `` in '' , and dēmos meaning `` the people '' . The term , precinctive , has been suggested by some scientists , and was first used in botany by MacCaughey in 1917 . It is the equivalent of `` endemism '' . Precinction was perhaps first used by Frank and McCoy . Precinctive seems to have been coined by David Sharp when describing the Hawaiian fauna in 1900 : `` I use the word precinctive in the sense of ` confined to the area under discussion ' ... ` precinctive forms ' means those forms that are confined to the area specified . '' That definition excludes artificial confinement of examples by humans in far-off botanical gardens or zoological parks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1428ddc6d54808f001e25049465019ff", "text": "Natural selection Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype . It is a key mechanism of evolution , the change in heritable traits of a population over time . Charles Darwin popularised the term `` natural selection '' , and compared it with artificial selection . Variation exists within all populations of organisms . This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism , and offspring can inherit such mutations . Throughout the lives of the individuals , their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits . The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell , other cells , other individuals , populations , species , as well as the abiotic environment . Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other , less successful , variants ; therefore , the population evolves . Factors that affect reproductive success are also important , including sexual selection ( now often included in natural selection ) and fecundity selection . Natural selection acts on the phenotype , or the observable characteristics of an organism , but the genetic ( heritable ) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population . Over time , this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches ( microevolution ) and may eventually result in speciation ( the emergence of new species , macroevolution ) . In other words , natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population . Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection , in which humans intentionally choose specific traits , whereas in natural selection there is no intentional choice . Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology . The concept , published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858 , was elaborated in Darwin 's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection , or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life , which described natural selection as analogous to artificial selection , a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction . The concept of natural selection originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity ; at the time of Darwin 's writing , science had yet to develop modern theories of genetics . The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical genetics formed the modern synthesis of the mid-20th century . The addition of molecular genetics has led to evolutionary developmental biology , which explains evolution at the molecular level . While genotypes can slowly change by random genetic drift , natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d395e1c4f849101e53f9e58600d37589", "text": "Habitat International Coalition Habitat International Coalition ( HIC ) is an independent , nonprofit alliance with hundreds of organizations and individuals , which has been working in housing and human settlements for more than 30 years . The Coalition comprises social movements , community-based organizations , support groups and academics . The strength of the Coalition is based on its worldwide membership ( it has members in 117 nations in five continents ) and on the fact that it brings together a range of civil society groups . Dedicated to advocacy and support for the poor , solidarity networking , popular mobilization , debate and analysis , HIC works to unite civil society in a shared commitment to ensuring sustainable habitat and a livable planet for all . Its work focuses on defending and implementing the human rights linked to housing and habitat ; i.e. , land , housing , clean water , sanitation , a healthy environment , access to public goods and services ( e.g. , health , education , transport and recreation ; access to livelihood and social protection , pluralism and the preservation of social , natural , historic and cultural patrimony . Since the ’80 HIC has been developing special capacities seeking gender equality , in a balanced articulation between reflection and action on different issues : the rights ' approach , the right to the city , the social production of habitat , women and habitat and the sustainable habitat . HIC specific work on the right to the city seeks to deepen the analysis and the actions on the proposal of building more just cities worldwide . HIC has been committed since decades in the creation of a theoretical and practical framework for the right to the city . The Coalition articulates and accompanies social movements and organizations in their struggle to achieve the realization of all human rights to ensure the collective well-being of inhabitants ; the democratic management and the social function of the city . HIC is also aware of the global challenges facing worldwide on climate change and food sovereignty and the obvious impacts on the cities : the Coalition works on broaden exchanges between urban and rural movements . HIC 'S work on social production of habitat seeks to derive practical lessons from the compilation , exchange and analysis of `` people 's processes '' in initiating , designing , building and maintaining local environments . These experiences , which build upon local social resources and demonstrate local social reliance and ingenuity , generate and promote methods and strategies that then can be shared and replicated across regions . Each region has given rise to diverse and specific examples of struggles and efforts that emphasize distinct circumstances and priorities to construct people-centred livelihoods . In order to strengthen people 's process for access and provision of land and shelter , lessons learned to date show a need to : understand what sustains the people 's process on land , housing and habitat/settlements development , in urban and rural areas , understand what are the forces , both external and internal , that strengthen or weaken peoples ' processes , including political and economic forces that have a bearing on people 's processes , and in particular the dynamics of the informal and formal land markets ; envision alternative ways to develop cities and other human settlements , evolving a bottom-up perspective on human settlement development without destroying livelihoods , assets and material achievements of the poor , while , quite to the contrary , supporting and nurturing livelihoods , assets and settlements of the poor , and their integration into the city ; articulate and support the people 's processes through policies and actions for both government and nongovernmental organizations ; develop more flexible design-based , knowledge-based and service-based housing policies and outputs with the objective of realizing the human right to adequate housing and equitable land use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "791923ec07764a8a44ed083dcffe58e2", "text": "Earth Microbiome Project The Earth Microbiome Project ( EMP ) is an initiative to collect natural samples and to analyze the microbial community around the globe . Microbes are highly abundant , diverse , and have an important role in the ecological system . There are an estimated 1.3 × 1028 archaeal cells , 3.1 × 1028 bacterial cells , and 1 × 1030 virus particles in the ocean . The bacterial diversity , a measure of the number of types of bacteria in a community , is estimated to be about 160 for a mL of ocean water , 6,400 -- 38,000 for a g of soil , and 70 for a mL of sewage works . Yet , it was estimated that the total global environmental DNA sequencing effort had produced less than 1 percent of the total DNA found in a liter of seawater or a gram of soil , and the specific interactions between microbes are largely unknown . The EMP aims to process as many as 200,000 samples in different biomes , generating a complete database of microbes on earth to characterize environments and ecosystems by microbial composition and interaction . Using these data , new ecological and evolutionary theories can be proposed and tested .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a517c07359252360a67d9e0da77d4920", "text": "Rare Earth (book) Rare Earth : Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe is a 2000 popular science book about xenobiology by Peter Ward , a geologist and paleontologist , and Donald E. Brownlee , an astronomer and astrobiologist , both faculty members at the University of Washington . The book is the origin of the term ` Rare Earth Hypothesis ' which , like the book , asserts the concept that complex life is rare in the universe . The book was eventually succeeded by a follow-up book called The Life and Death of Planet Earth , also by Ward and Brownlee , which talks about the Earth 's long term future and eventual demise under a warming and expanding Sun , showing readers the concept that planets like Earth have finite lifespans , and complex life is not just rare in space , but also rare in time , and is more likely to die out within a short time on geological timescales , while microbes dominate most of the planet 's history .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb09acc3094b49b60ee1322be93acc24", "text": "Life Is Peachy Life Is Peachy is the second studio album by the American nu metal band Korn , released on October 15 , 1996 through both Immortal Records and Epic Records . After the release of Korn 's 1994 self-titled debut album , the band asked Ross Robinson to produce and went back to Indigo Ranch to record . Life Is Peachy has fourteen tracks , excluding the hidden track after `` Kill You '' . Korn released three singles from Life Is Peachy : `` No Place to Hide '' , `` A.D.I.D.A.S. '' , and `` Good God '' . All three singles went on the UK Singles Chart . Life Is Peachy features such themes as drugs , social encounters , sex , and revenge . The album 's cover art was designed by Martin Riedl and its name is credited to Korn 's bassist Reginald `` Fieldy '' Arvizu . Life Is Peachy was certified gold on January 8 , 1997 and was later certified platinum on December 9 , 1997 . Following the success of Korn 's 1994 self-titled debut album , Life Is Peachy was certified double platinum on November 10 , 1999 . Life Is Peachy debuted and peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and peaked at number one in New Zealand . In its first week of being released , the album sold 106,000 copies . Critical reception for Life Is Peachy was mainly mixed , with critics praising the album 's songwriting and sound quality . Before the release of Life Is Peachy , Korn toured with many bands . Initially , Korn joined the Sick of It All Tour . Following the Sick of It All Tour , Korn joined the Danzig 4 Tour . Korn also toured with Megadeth , Fear Factory , and Flotsam and Jetsam . After the release of Life Is Peachy , Korn toured solo , and headlined and often sold out shows . Korn also toured in the Lollapalooza summer tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dc68ec08def1bb8ff0ef9c97b5e64ec", "text": "Immortal Records Immortal Records is an imprint record label , formerly an independent record label/imprint based in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1994 by Amanda Scheer Demme and Happy Walters , the company had helped launched the careers of such influential acts as Korn , Thirty Seconds to Mars , and Incubus over the years . The label had also released soundtracks , including Judgment Night , Spawn , Blade II , and Masters of Horror .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "701d6828f37ac23a9876158b4c70a5df", "text": "Hi or Hey Records Hi or Hey Records is a record label founded by Australian pop punk band 5 Seconds of Summer . The name for the label was chosen via a fan vote on Twitter which took place on January 22 , 2014 . On January 27 , 2014 , 5SOS announced that Hi Or Hey was the winning label name . On the labels ' official website , the band explained that not only would they be releasing all of their music through Hi Or Hey Records in conjunction with Capitol Records and Universal Music , but they would also be signing a roster of their own bands and releasing them via the label . On March 24 , 2015 , the label signed its first act , rock band Hey Violet . As of November 2016 , Hey Violet is the only band signed to the label . On August 16 , 2015 , Hey Violet released their EP , Brand New Moves on Hi or Hey Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96dc30749932ba8f836ceafc862146f1", "text": "Lobby Music Lobby Music is a record company , headquartered in Paleo Faliro , Greece , founded in 2010 by composer Nektarios Bitros . The record company has released several songs from notable artists of the Greek music industry . The makers of the record company , managed in the first five years of operation to sign contracts with several established Greek artists as well as new artists . At times , Lobby Music has been credited with platinum and gold albums from releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81117ece799bcefd6f3aedc3dbe6267", "text": "Slow Roast Records Slow Roast Records is an independent record label based out of Miami , Florida , USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2beb645f3c920513e01707fa3131e10d", "text": "Indie hip-hop Indie hip hop ( short for independent hip hop ) is hip hop that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene . The term underground hip hop may be used to describe both indie hip hop ( which is defined by its artists being unsigned or signed to independent record labels , rather than major record labels ) as well as alternative hip hop ( which is defined by music that diverges from mainstream hip hop music such as Gangsta rap . ) As the term `` indie hip hop '' is indicative of the musicians making the music rather than the music itself , it is not strictly a genre but rather covers a range of styles with clearly discernable hip hop characteristics . Like indie rock artists , many indie hip hop artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers , releasing albums on independent record labels ( sometimes their own ) and relying on touring , word-of-mouth , and air play on independent or college radio stations for promotion . Some of its more popular artists , however , may end up moving to major labels , though often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success . Independent hip hop labels include Babygrande Records , Definitive Jux , Nature Sounds Records and Strange Famous Records . Notable indie hip hop artists include 7L & Esoteric , Bronze Nazareth , Chief Kamachi , Lord Jamar , Mr. Lif , Jedi Mind Tricks , OuterSpace , The Perceptionists , WMR Music Group and The Society of Invisibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "316831257024af82ba63116ebef8d796", "text": "It's a Wonderful Life (EP) It 's a Wonderful Life is a four-song Christmas extended play ( EP ) release by the alternative rock band Fishbone in 1987 . The EP quickly went out of print , but its four songs were preserved on the 1996 retrospective Fishbone 101 : Nuttasaurusmeg Fossil Fuelin ' the Fonkay and the title track was featured on the 2003 greatest hits compilation album The Essential Fishbone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d22444f344ba080f64ea548b96ddc988", "text": "Nick Records Nick Records ( also known as Nickelodeon Records or Nick Music ) is the record label for the children 's television channel Nickelodeon . The label featured new and emerging young musical artists , `` triple threat '' singers who would also act and dance on the network 's series , and soundtrack and compilations based on Nickelodeon TV shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ec823fb633c5946ff6408a5f6abe4d9", "text": "Fresh Records (UK) Fresh Records was an independent record label , and distributor based in the United Kingdom . Most popular ( and successful ) in the early 1980s , the label once supported punk groups like The Wall , UK Decay , Play Dead , Family Fodder , Cuddly Toys , The Dark , Wilko Johnson and Big Hair competed with labels such as 4AD . The label ran out of cash and went bankrupt in 1982 . Staff at the label formed Jungle Records and bought the rights to the label recordings . A dance label of the same name began in the UK in 1992 , supporting artists such as Lovestation , Strike and Serious Danger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b608bdf9b3808d6be7a2c3280e480aff", "text": "Tangerine Records (1992) Tangerine Records is a UK-based independent record label founded in 1992 by musician Paul Bevoir , music journalist Chris Hunt and marketing executive John Ashworth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8705a5225eea475ef607f6697e1c6da6", "text": "Monarchy Music Monarchy Music is an independent record label based in Costa Mesa , California , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa42c202f2d7877ab8535499f0744a7b", "text": "Olivia Records Olivia Records was a collective founded in 1973 to record and market women 's music . Olivia , named after the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school , was the brainchild of ten lesbian-feminists ( the Furies Collective and Radicalesbians ) living in Washington , D.C. who wanted to create a feminist organization with an economic base . Olivia was co-founded by Judy Dlugacz . In 1973 , the collective put out a 45 with Meg Christian on one side and Cris Williamson on the other . Yoko Ono responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia , but the collective politely declined . Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person , they made $ 12,000 with that 45 , enough to put out singer Meg Christian 's first record , and soon after , Williamson 's groundbreaking album The Changer and the Changed . Sandy Stone was Olivia 's sound engineer from ca. 1974-1978 , recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period . She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman . The debate continued in Janice Raymond 's book The Transsexual Empire , which devoted a chapter to criticism of `` the transsexually constructed lesbian-feminist '' . In 1977 , after repeated criticism by Anita Bryant , Olivia put out Lesbian Concentrate , a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund . Included on the 13 track LP is Meg Christian 's `` Ode To A Gym Teacher '' and Sue Fink 's `` Leaping Lesbians '' . Olivia moved first to Los Angeles to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to Oakland . The remaining five women of the collective , who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years , began to disperse . Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988 . The two concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history . Yet , The New York Times barely mentioned the show . Even though Olivia Records released world music and salsa records , they were most successful with acoustic solo acts , although sometimes they failed to identify mainstream talent . In 1985 , singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge , then a struggling Los Angeles artist , sent her demo to Olivia , but was ultimately rejected . Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time . She saved the rejection letter , signed by `` the women of Olivia , '' which was featured in Intimate Portrait , the Lifetime Television documentary of her life . Unable to reinvent themselves for the changing musical landscape for women , from riot grrl to Lilith Fair to Ani Difranco , Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label . Olivia Records founded Olivia , the lesbian cruise line , in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff", "text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc78d91d63aa9521f24b09a0d0ef1469", "text": "Dyslexic Records Dyslexic Records was an independent American music label based in Roselle , Illinois , United States , during the mid-1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1081942f07dc7a83880e9937bd0da6a2", "text": "Red Hammer Records Red Hammer Records is an independent record label located in the Portland , Oregon metro area of Battle Ground , Washington . The label was founded in 2006 and is currently being distributed in the United States and digitally throughout the world by E1 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e354ea5742b0b505908f29013161619", "text": "Shout! Factory Shout ! Factory is an American home video and music company founded in 2003 . Its video releases include previously released feature films , classic and contemporary TV series , animation , live music , and comedy specials . Shout ! Factory also owns and operates Timeless Media Group , Biograph Records , Majordomo Records , HighTone Records , and Video Time Machine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6d740ccb8bab86f54c0572c9d0239e", "text": "My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult discography The American electronic industrial rock band My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult has released ten studio albums , one live album , three compilation albums , two video albums , six remix albums , three extended plays , and ten singles . In addition , their songs have been featured on three soundtrack albums and one promotional single for major Hollywood films . They began their career on the independent record label Wax Trax ! Records , which , like the band , was based in Chicago . In 1991 , their single `` Sexplosion ! '' from the album of the same name became a top 10 dance club hit in the U.S. Following this success , Thrill Kill Kult was signed by the major label Interscope Records , which re-released the Sexplosion ! album . On Interscope , the band achieved their biggest hit , `` Sex On Wheelz '' , which reached the top 20 on both the dance club and alternative U.S. charts . The band 's 1993 Interscope album 13 Above the Night was their only album to chart , reaching # 194 on the Billboard top 200 albums chart . The album provided two more dance chart hits , `` Blue Buddha '' and `` Final Blindness '' . After one more Interscope album , Thrill Kill Kult briefly moved to Red Ant Records in the late 1990s . Their releases since 2000 have been on Rykodisc and/or the band 's own label , Sleazebox Records . Thrill Kill Kult 's songs have also been featured ( along with other artists ) on three soundtrack albums for the films Cool World ( 1992 ) , The Crow ( 1994 ) , and Showgirls ( 1995 ) , as well as a promo-only single for the film The Flintstones ( 1994 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "421002e97960543e85c0c8df5091ff1f", "text": "Cowboy Records Cowboy Records was a record label in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was founded by Buddy DeSylva and Johnny Mercer in 1942 . It was later owned by Jimmy DeKnight and Jack Howard . Artists who recorded for the label included Bill Haley , who made his first commercial single release with the label as Bill Haley and the Four Aces of Western Swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cee6de857fdca9be35e3819a722b310", "text": "Schoolkids Records Schoolkids Records is a retail indie record store based in the `` Triangle '' region of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill , North Carolina . Founded in 1974 , Schoolkids is one of the longest running music retail stores in the country and at one point had as many as 7 stores throughout the eastern North Carolina region ( Raleigh ( 2 ) , Durham , Chapel Hill , Cary , Greenville ) and one in Athens , Georgia . As of 2009 the main flagship store in Raleigh , NC ( Across from NC State University ) was the sole location still in business . In October 2013 , the store announced it would relocate to the Mission Valley Shopping Center to make way for a destination hotel that was causing the eviction of several local businesses along Hillsborough Street . The new location would still allow the business to operate close to the university , while expanding space for live music performances and the ability to sell craft beers . The store has often been located close to College and University campus and focuses mostly on selling Alternative , Independent and College music , selling both Vinyl and CDs , with the trend largely going back to more and more Vinyl by 2012 . Schoolkids has been widely known as the main record store for almost 40 years ( until the other locations closed ) around schools such as : North Carolina State University , The University of North Carolina , Duke University , East Carolina University and The University of Georgia . The store has often been the destination and shopping preference for many local and national bands in this area , many of whom either worked at the store or started selling their first albums or 7 '' singles at the store on consignment . Artists to get their start selling records at Schoolkids include : Ryan Adams and Whiskeytown , Superchunk , Archers of Loaf , Ben Folds , The Connells , Polvo , Athenaeum , Squirrel Nut Zippers and many others . The store was also one of the first retail outlets to sell No Depression Magazine and to work with labels such as Merge Records , Mammoth Records and Yep Roc Records . The store saw its highest level of sales in the early 90 's when the independent music sector exploded with the success of Nirvana . Schoolkids has often been confused with some of the other stores in the country with the same name , including `` School Kids Records '' and `` School Kids in Exile '' in Ann Arbor , Michigan as well as other cities like Gainesville , Florida , but the stores were not connected in ownership to the main independent chain in North Carolina . Schoolkids is a founding members of the CIMS Coalition , The first national Coalition of Independent Music Stores and has also been named by both Time Magazine and The Grammys as one of the `` top ten '' record stores in the United States . In 2014 , in their new location at the Mission Valley Shopping Center ( just on the south side of NC State 's main campus ) , Schoolkids obtained an ABC license and started serving craft beers on draft and cans to their customers . The store increased its instore performances from national and local bands and became a store by day and a lounge-style bar/venue by night . Shows end early ( generally start at 8pm ) and are over by 10pm . All shows are free and the store encourages customers to tip the band in a ` pass the Devo energy dome ' event each night . For Record Store Day 2014 , Schoolkids had its best sales day in its 40-year history . In July , they hosted a 40th Anniversary show for free at the Lincoln Theatre and the lineup was : The DeBonzo Brothers , Hank Sinatra , Six String Drag , The Baseball Project ( Featuring Steve Wynn of the Dream Syndicate and his wife Linda Pitmon , Scott McCaughey ( Minus 5 ) , Mike Mills & Peter Buck ( R.E.M. ) and co-headliners , drivin ' n ' cryin ' . The show was a huge success drawing close to 700 people for the 5 -- 6 hour event . The store also saw Rock & Roll Hall of Fame legend , John Densmore , of the Doors visit for a book signing in September that drew over 300 rabid fans of The Doors to the store to enjoy some beers and get a book signed by a rock and roll legend . At year end , Schoolkids had seen its first growth year in almost 10 years and Vinyl sales were now 70 % of the business , with a growth of 57 % from 2013-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd1cb2b1e047ffb01befac6c5b4e81d6", "text": "Still Life (The Connells album) Still Life is the seventh studio album by the American pop/rock band The Connells , released in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7240184b7ec86b05da18c3b2a8b5a764", "text": "Archenemy Record Company The Archenemy Record Company is a record label founded in 1997 and located in Boston , Massachusetts . It is home to such acts as Freezepop , Lifestyle , The Texas Governor , Rockets Burst from the Streetlamps , Chop Chop , and Karacter . The label is perhaps best known for Freezepop , which has gained a nationwide following after having music appearing in several video games , including Guitar Hero and FreQuency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0602c4d2736e18d7570054ccb5475bab", "text": "Mack Life Records Mack Life Records is a record label , founded by British American R&B legend Mark Morrison . His single Return of the Mack was a UK # 1 single in 1996 . The song peaked at # 2 in the United States the following year . Category : British record labels", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ece2951286b9b4b952fad300bc4e327c", "text": "Beijing Beijing ( formerly romanised as Peking ) is the capital of the People 's Republic of China and the world 's third most populous city proper . It is also one of the world 's most populous capital cities . The city , located in northern China , is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban , suburban , and rural districts . Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighbouring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast ; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China . As a city combining both modern and traditional architecture , Beijing is an ever-changing megacity rich in history but also truly modern , exemplified in its global influence in politics , business & economy , education , history , culture , language , music , sporting , architecture , civilization , fashion , art , entertainment , innovation and technology . Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation 's political , cultural , and educational centre . It is home to the headquarters of most of China 's largest state-owned companies , and is a major hub for the national highway , expressway , railway , and high-speed rail networks . The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010 , and , , the city 's subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world , after Shanghai 's subway system . The city 's history dates back three millennia . As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China , Beijing has been the political centre of the country for much of the past eight centuries . With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides , in addition to the old inner and outer city walls , Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital . Beijing was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A.D. . The city is renowned for its opulent palaces , temples , parks , gardens , tombs , walls and gates . Its art treasures and universities have made it centre of culture and art in China . Encyclopædia Britannica notes that `` few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China . '' Beijing has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites -- the Forbidden City , Temple of Heaven , Summer Palace , Ming Tombs , Zhoukoudian , as well as parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal , all popular locations for tourism . siheyuans , the city 's traditional housing style , and hutongs , the narrow alleys between siheyuans , are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing . The city hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics , making it the first city to ever host both Winter and Summer Olympics . Many of Beijing 's 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China , of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities of the world . In 2015 , 52 companies of the Fortune Global 500 company headquarters were located in Beijing , more than any other city in the world , including state-owned enterprises State Grid , China National Petroleum , and Sinopec Group , ranked 2nd , 3rd , and 4th , respectively . Beijing CBD is quickly becoming the center for Beijing 's economic expansion , rapid modernization , and radically changing skyline , with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple skyscrapers . Beijing 's Zhongguancun area is also known as China 's Silicon Valley and China 's center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship . According to the 2016 InterNations Expat Insider Survey , Beijing ranked first in Asia in the subcategory `` Personal Finance Index , '' a measure of expats ' salaries versus cost of living in the city . Expats live primarily in urban districts such as Dongcheng and Chaoyang in the east , or in suburban districts such as Shunyi .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cd44184fa7cf530b6241adfa5e3c8877", "text": "Mentougou District Mentougou District is a district in western Beijing . Spanning 1321 km2 , with 266,591 inhabitants ( 2000 Census ) , it is subdivided into 4 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing and 9 towns ( 1 of which is a suburb of the city proper of Beijing ) . It lies in the Western Hills of Beijing and is mountainous in terrain . In fact , the mountainous terrain -- including a hundred or more peaks -- occupy a stunning 93 % of the entire area . It is a treasure trove of natural resources , including coal , limestone , and granite . Mentougou also supplies Beijing with agricultural produce such as roses , wild jujubes , mushrooms , and Beijing white pears . The district was purely a rural area well into the early 1990s and was not considered as part of Beijing by the urban population , and as of today , many parts of Mentougou remain quite rural . The 6th Ring Road cuts through the eastern , more urbanised section of Mentougou Precinct . Mining is one of the key industrial activities . Around 10 medium and large mining companies once operated in Mentougou , but some of them have ceased operations as mineral deposits have been depleted . The first known mining activity in Mentougou was documented during the Ming Dynasty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16bd66bf04f89a299d876cf531ef63d8", "text": "Urban society in China There is considerable confusion in both Chinese and foreign sources over definitions of urban places and hence considerable variation in estimates of China 's urban population ( see Migration in China ) . The problem of determining the size of the urban population reflects inconsistent and changing administrative categories ; the distinction between rural and urban household registry and between categories of settlements ; the practice of placing suburban or rural districts under the administration of municipal governments ; and the differences in the status accorded to small towns . In sociological terms , urban refers to an area characterized by a relatively high degree of specialization in occupational roles , many special-purpose institutions , and uniform treatment of people in impersonal settings . In this sense , a Chinese market town is more urban than a village , and settlements become more urban as they grow in size and economic complexity . Municipalities like Beijing and Shanghai have the highest degree of division of labor and the most specialized institutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edd1b7cd692291faaf0ff88741b35624", "text": "Tianjin Modern Industry The modern industry of Tianjin was started with Tianjin Machine Factory which was established by the Qing government during the Self-Strengthening Movement . Afterwards , Yuan Shikai promoted new policies in Tianjin . Numerous modern industrial enterprises mushroomed in Hebei New District in the northern bank of the Hai River . Including Zhou Xuexi , many industrialists established large enterprise groups that were managed by merchant and supervised by the government . By the beginning of the 20th century , Chinese private enterprises were booming . Among them is the most representative Yongli Alkali Factory which won the gold award and certificate in Philadelphia , the U.S. in 1926 by the soldium carbonate it produced . The factory was praised as `` the symbol of developing important chemical industry of the Republic China '' . The development of Tianjin 's modern industrial and the establishment of the Concessions in Tianjin contributed to the rapid expansion of modern Tianjin to become the biggest city and center of industry and commerce in northern China , as well as the second biggest city of industry , finance and trade in China . The development of Tianjin modern industry mainly went through four stages : initial period , evolution period , booming period and occupied period . Because of the industrial boom of Tianjin modern industry , the government of Tianjin built The Tianjin Museum of Modern Industry in Divergence estuary for commemoration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29aaa7d3ee0b71f6c05f1e2d9041936b", "text": "Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang ( -LSB- - cmnsh ^ 2 . jia1.zhuang1 -RSB- ) , formerly romanized Shihkiachwang , is the capital and largest city of North China 's Hebei Province . Administratively a prefecture-level city , it is about 263 km southwest of Beijing , and it administers eight districts , two county-level cities , and 12 counties . As of 2015 it had a total population of 10,701,600 with 4,303,700 in the central ( or metro ) area comprising the seven districts and the county of Zhengding largely conurbated with the Shijiazhuang metropolitan area as urbanization continues to proliferate . Shijiazhuang 's total population ranked twelfth in mainland China . Shijiazhuang experienced dramatic growth after the founding of the People 's Republic of China in 1949 . The population of the metropolitan area has more than quadrupled in 30 years as a result of industrialization and infrastructural developments . From 2008 to 2011 , Shijiazhuang implemented a three-year plan which concluded with the reorganization of the city resulting in an increase of green areas and new buildings and roads . A train station , airport and a subway system have been opened . Shijiazhuang is situated east of the Taihang Mountains ( Chinese : 太行山 ; pinyin : Tàiháng Shān ) , a mountain range extending over 400 kilometres from north to south with an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 metres ( 4,900 to 6,600 ft ) ; making Shijiazhuang a place for hiking , outdoor trips and cycling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce76022c41c31f4726f58a6dfbbb030b", "text": "List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy Life expectancy Life expectancy Life expectancy This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People 's Republic of China ( P.R.C. ) , including all provinces , autonomous regions , special administrative regions and municipalities , in order of their life expectancy in 2010 . The figures are from the 2013 Yearbook published by the Bureau of Statistics of the PRC . The Beijing and Shanghai figures are 2015 data from List of Chinese cities by life expectancy . The Hong Kong and Macau figures are 2016 figures from the CIA World Factbook . Note that there is a 2-year or 3-year gap between those figures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32268f3480c4c605f575fdc0ebf66952", "text": "Rural society in China Rural society in the People 's Republic of China occupies more than a half of China 's population ( roughly 55 % ) and has a varied range of standard of living and means of living . Life in rural China differs from that of urban China . In southern and coastal China , rural areas are developing and , in some areas , statistically approaching urban economies . In northwest and western regions , rural society remains perceived as of a low standard and primitive . Basic needs such as running water and accessible transportation are a problem in these areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c77873974aa5fec80bcdd1ee32bf4fcd", "text": "Beijing Xinbaoyuan Film & Television Investment Beijing Xinbaoyuan Film & Television Investment Co. , Ltd. is a Chinese media company based in Beijing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16d1fe58752e1d6bd98a906f289a432", "text": "Jining Jining is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province . It borders Heze to the southwest , Zaozhuang to the southeast , Tai'an to the northeast , and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively . Jining , which is located right to the north of the Lake Nanyang , is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on the Grand Canal of China . Its population was 8,081,905 at the 2010 census , of whom 1,241,012 lived in the built-up ( or metro ) area made up of Rencheng urban district on 884 km ² , Yanzhou district not being totally conurbated yet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd38f72962be883c0ea490aa9bc8b349", "text": "Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall The Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall ( Chinese : 北京市规划展览馆 ) is an urban planning museum located at 20 Qianmen E St , beside Tiananmen Square in Beijing , China . The exhibition hall opened to the public on the 9 September 2004 , and features a scale model of the entire Beijing metropolitan area , as well as multimedia exhibits on the history , current situation , and future of urban planning in Beijing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf52009abee8c1b0334bd0b35daea933", "text": "Changyi, Shandong Changyi ( 昌邑 ; pinyin : Chāngyì ) is a county-level city of Weifang in the northwest corner of Shandong province , People 's Republic of China . The city is 1627.5 square kilometers in area , with a household population of 581,000 as of 2010 . The city is under the administration of the Changyi Municipal People 's Government , with 3 neighborhoods , 6 towns , 691 administrative villages , and one special economic development zone . Changyi has a long history that extends back into the Spring and Autumn period", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2da04ee01609d1e2eecba62cf9d1b9cf", "text": "Beijing Today Beijing Today is a weekly English newspaper catering to expatriates and embassies that covers current events , art , cinema , music , dining , and shopping in Beijing . The newspaper is run by the publisher of Beijing Youth Daily . It is assigned the Chinese Issue Number CN11-0120 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7e8dae00dd5becff880baa20a28f986", "text": "Corruption in China Corruption in China post-1949 lies in the `` organizational involution '' of the ruling party , including the Communist Party of China 's policies , institutions , norms , and failure to adapt to a changing environment in the post-Mao era caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping . Like other socialist economies that have undertaken economic reforms , such as post-Soviet Eastern Europe and Central Asia , reform-era China has experienced increasing levels of corruption . Cadre corruption in China has been subject to significant media attention since Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping announced his Anti-corruption campaign following the 18th National Congress which was held in November 2012 . Despite this high-profile anti-graft drive , in 2014 China was ranked No. 100 in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , which is 20 places lower than 2013 , when it ranked No. 80 . According to 2016 results of Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International , China ranks 79th place out of 176 countries . This puts China on par with Algeria and Suriname , and comparable to Armenia , Colombia , Egypt , Gabon , Liberia , Panama , Bolivia , Mexico , Moldova and Niger . China ranked less corrupt than neighbours Myanmar , Vietnam , Laos , North Korea , Russia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Afghanistan , Pakistan and Nepal but more corrupt than neighbours Australia , New Zealand , Singapore , India , Bhutan , Macau , Hong Kong and Mongolia . Means of corruption include graft , bribery , embezzlement , backdoor deals , nepotism , patronage , and statistical falsification . Public surveys on the mainland since the late 1980s have shown that it is among the top concerns of the general public . According to Yan Sun , Associate Professor of Political Science at the City University of New York , it was corruption , rather than democracy as such , that lay at the root of the social dissatisfaction that led to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 . Corruption undermines the legitimacy of the CPC , adds to economic inequality , undermines the environment , and fuels social unrest . Since then , corruption has not slowed down as a result of greater economic freedom , but instead has grown more entrenched and severe in its character and scope . Business deals often involve participation in corruption . In popular perception , there are more dishonest CPC officials than honest ones , a reversal of the views held in the first decade of reform of the 1980s . China specialist Minxin Pei argues that failure to contain widespread corruption is among the most serious threats to China 's future economic and political stability . Bribery , kickbacks , theft , and misspending of public funds costs at least three percent of GDP . China , though not a member of the OECD has participated as an observer in the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions , see OECD Anti-Bribery Convention .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b116ee1f7d3a01808bd67bdcaa465b26", "text": "Zhongshan Park (Beijing) The Zhongshan Park ( Chinese : 中山公园 / 中山公園 ) , is a former imperial altar and now a public park that lies just southwest of the Forbidden City in the Imperial City , Beijing . Of all the gardens and parks surrounding the Forbidden City , such as the Beihai and Jingshan , Zhongshan is arguably the most centrally located of them all . The Zhongshan Park houses numerous pavilions , gardens , and imperial temples such as the Altar of Earth and Harvests or Altar of Land and Grain in some translations ( Shejitan , 社稷坛 ) , which was built in 1421 by the Yongle Emperor , and it symmetrically opposite the Imperial Ancestral Temple , and is where the emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties made offerings to the gods of earth and agriculture . The altar consists of a square terrace in the centre of the park . By 1914 , the altar grounds had become a public park known as the `` Central Park '' . That park was then further renamed in 1928 after Sun Yat-Sen ( Zhongshan Park ) , in memory of China 's first revolutionary political leader who helped bring about the first republic era in 1911 , which is what the park is known as today . Many parks in China during that period also took on this name ( see Zhongshan Park ) . The Zhongshan Park includes various halls and pavilions built for the members of the imperial family , stone archways and a greenhouse which houses fresh flowers on display all year round . The greenhouse includes 39 varieties of tulips presented to the park in 1977 by the Princess of Holland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "056f39e9d4d4c3fa7ae3d90ea13f02bb", "text": "Andingmen Andingmen ( ; Manchu : Elhe toktoho duka ; lit . `` Gate of Stability '' ) was a gate in Beijing 's Ming-era city wall . The gate was torn down along with the city wall in the 1960s . Andingmen is now a place name . Where the gate once stood is now a Andingmen Bridge , a roundabout overpass on the northern 2nd Ring Road . The overpass links Andingmen Inner Street which runs south of the overpass inside the walled city and Andingmen Outer Street which runs north away from the walled he city . Bus and trolleybus stops are nearby , along with Andingmen Station , Line 2 of the Beijing Subway . Ju'er Hutong is a popular neighborhood for expats to live in . It 's located in the hutongs southwest of Jiaodaokou , and just east of Shichahai and Gŭlóu ( the Bell Tower ) . Yongkang Hutong is another popular residential location for expats in Beijing . Category : Dongcheng District , Beijing Category : Gates of Beijing Category : Neighbourhoods of Beijing Category : Road transport in Beijing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1279bc3fa9495ccef43cf9426dd14807", "text": "Chinese people in Bulgaria Chinese people ( китайци , kitaytsi ; see Cathay ) in Bulgaria form a small part of the Overseas Chinese community . According to estimates by members of the community , the Chinese in Bulgaria number around 5,000 , although Bulgarian researchers put the figure at around 10,000 . Chinese are among the most recent immigrants to Bulgaria , the vast majority of them arriving after the democratic changes in 1989 , and particularly from 1992 on ; prior to 1989 , only a dozen Chinese lived in Bulgaria . Most Chinese in Bulgaria are economic immigrants and small-scale investors in particular . The bulk of the Chinese live in the capital Sofia , particularly in the municipality of Nadezhda and its neighbourhoods of Nadezhda , Tolstoy and Svoboda . Although there is no discernible Chinatown , it is thought that one might develop in the following years . Most of the Chinese were urban dwellers in China , a large number coming from the provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian , with fewer from Sichuan , Shandong , Jilin , Beijing and Hong Kong . According to the media , 2,0003,000 Chinese immigrate to Bulgaria every year . However , with the financial turmoil in the EU and Bulgaria , this figure has greatly decreased . The most typical and indeed most visible occupation of the Bulgarian Chinese is the management of Chinese restaurants , although they are also known as shopkeepers ( with a permanent presence in Sofia 's large and frequented bazaar Iliyantsi ) , engaging in both retail and wholesale trade . Some have also been involved in agriculture , for example producing and selling Chinese cabbage . Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese art are also very popular . As many Chinese come from Southern China , they speak a variety of dialects ( such as Min ) in addition to Mandarin Chinese . Among the main factors attracting Chinese to Bulgaria is the lower competition enabling more economic opportunities for the immigrants , the availability of more personal space and the lack of a one-child policy . The Chinese in Bulgaria come from a variety of religious and cultural backgrounds ; the majority are atheist , but there are also Buddhists , Confucians , Taoists , Christians , Jehovah 's Witnesses , etc. . The Chinese New Year is celebrated among family circles . A magazine called Kitay ( `` China '' ) is issued by the community in Bulgarian . The People 's Republic of China has had diplomatic relations with Bulgaria since 3 October 1949 : Bulgaria was the second country in the world to recognize the PRC and has not recognized the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) . The PRC has an embassy in Sofia , which used to be located in the Yablanski House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce8dfd79f604ad9c39c5c081e5c6f577", "text": "Metropolitan regions of China According to research by the National Development and Reform Commission ( NDRC ) of China , ten major metropolitan regions are forming in China . Together , they constitute about one-tenth ( 9.99 % ) of China 's land area , one-third ( 35.02 % ) of the country 's population and one-half ( 52.83 % ) of the country 's GDP ( as in 2005 ) . Among them , the largest three have been established since the beginning of China 's economic reform and are expected to remain the leading force of the country 's economic development in the coming decades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e024efefcc2d118e369be3be158f3f", "text": "Tiantongyuan Tiantongyuan is an apartment complex and neighborhood in northern Beijing 's Changping District . As of April 2008 it was reported to have over 400,000 residents , and is one of the largest such complexes in Beijing and the biggest community in the world.Most residents in Tiantongyuan work in downtown Beijing , making Tiantongyuan one of the commuter towns in Beijing . Tiantongyuan North Station is the northern terminus of the Beijing Subway Line 5 . There are two other Line 5 stops in Tiantongyuan as well , Tiantongyuan Station and Tiantongyuan South Station . Many Beijing public buses serve the community with two large bus hubs being at the Tiantongyuan North subway station and Tiantongyuan North neighborhood . Tiantongyuan is divided into Tiantongyuan West , Tiantongyuan East , Tiantongyuan North , Central Tiantongyuan , and Old Tiantongyuan ( 本区 or 老区 ) ; each such neighborhood is further subdivided into sections 1 , 2 , and 3 ( except for Central Tiantongyuan , which is divided into North , South , East , and West and east north ) . Both subway Line 5 and T3 express bus pass the community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40e0d9310404a0baedbfc7aea19821e", "text": "Miyun Town Miyun Town is a town in Miyun District , Beijing , China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2088e58e72f23bf10ba626562bc05379", "text": "Geography of Shanghai The geography of Shanghai is characterised by its location on the Yangtze River Delta on China 's east coast and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean via the East China Sea . The city is centred on the Huangpu River , a tributary of the Yangtze River , and extends outwards in all directions , with the suburbs and satellite towns reaching east to the East China Sea , north and west to Jiangsu province , and south to Zhejiang province over Hangzhou Bay . The vast majority of Shanghai 's land area is flat , apart from a few hills in the southwest corner , due to its location on the alluvial plain of the Yangtze 's river delta . The city has many rivers and lakes and is known for its rich water resources , and thanks to its coastal , riverside location and warm climate ensuring ice-free waters , provides easy access to China 's interior , resulting in Shanghai being the world 's largest port .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "746bde4f3d1fe30755c48c42111cb078", "text": "History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present) The People 's Republic of China became more influential economically in the 1990s and 2000s and was beginning to be widely recognized as an emerging superpower . In 2010 , China became the world 's second largest economy by GDP . At the same time , numerous social problems emerged and intensified . As Paramount leader Jiang Zemin , NPCSC Chairman Li Peng and PRC Premier Zhu Rongji , gradually retired from their position of power , `` fourth-generation '' leaders , led by CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao , faced with increasing social unrest , attempted to steer the country towards a new direction . From the path of focusing solely on economic development , Hu and Wen placed focus on creating an overall balance under the idea of the Scientific Outlook on Development to create a socialist harmonious society . In this process , there was an unprecedented shift in stance towards favouring rural development and farmers , as well as other generally populist policies . The Hu-Wen government , on the same token , attempted to restrict some personal freedoms , especially those associated with political content on the Internet . China 's increased prominence on the global stage has also brought with it general skepticism and intense scrutiny , especially in the lead up to the 2008 Summer Olympics and after the March 2008 protests in Tibet . The government continues to be criticized on human rights abuses and the various product quality scandals that have increasingly damaged the country 's integrity and continues to raise suspicions about the country 's safety standards . The majority of China 's population , however , point to the immense progress the country has made and generally discredit criticisms of China as being embedded in cultural and historical misunderstandings and rooted in paranoia of China 's potential dominance on the world stage . These ideological clashes , fused with rhetoric from Beijing , has led to an intense wave of nationalism ( or Socialist patriotism ) surfacing in Chinese populations around the world . As of mid-2012 , government statistics show that for the first time ever over 50 % of the Chinese population now live in urban areas , marking a milestone in the urbanization of China . The majority of modern city dwellers are migrants and their children who moved to cities during the economic boom of the last 30 years started by Deng Xiaoping 's policy of economic liberalization .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "59ca208bde0c6d58fa4ec957ce4ca21e", "text": "Diane Ruggiero Diane Ruggiero-Wright -LSB- ˈruːʒɪəroʊ -RSB- is an American television writer and producer . Her credits include That 's Life , Veronica Mars , Free Agents , Dirty Sexy Money , Big Shots , the Mythological X remake The Ex List and iZombie , which she co-created with Rob Thomas . With Thomas , she also co-wrote the script for the Veronica Mars film . Ruggiero is a native of Old Bridge Township , New Jersey . While she was living in North Arlington , New Jersey , Ruggiero 's writing talent was discovered by Mark St. Germain while she worked as a waitress at the Park and Orchard restaurant in East Rutherford , New Jersey . She is close friends with Jed Seidel and Rob Thomas .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "19a8f25a4d1e1d1a339c70cc248b0a17", "text": "Forestry in Canada The Canadian forestry industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy . With 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada covered by forests , the country contains 10 percent of the world 's forested land , made up mostly of spruce , poplar and pine . Forests and forestry in Canada are managed by Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service , in cooperation with several organizations which represent government officials , policy experts and numerous other stakeholders . Extensive deforestation by European settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries has been halted by more modern policies , and today less than 1 percent of Canada 's forests are affected by logging each year . Despite the low amount of land that is logged , Canada is the world 's second-largest exporter of forestry goods , and the industry contributes significantly to Canada 's surplus global balance of trade . Economic concerns related to forestry include greenhouse gas emissions , biotechnology , biological diversity and infestations of pests , such as the mountain pine beetle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5ab087bc354a688c25518e3a25ae5d5", "text": "Monsanto Canada Monsanto Canada Inc. is the Canadian division of Monsanto Company . It is headquartered in Winnipeg , Manitoba and has offices across Canada . In addition to seed products , Monsanto sells of herbicides including the world 's best-selling herbicide Roundup . The global headquarters of Monsanto is in the American city of St. Louis . In October 2008 , Monsanto Canada was named one of `` Canada 's Top 100 Employers '' by Mediacorp Canada Inc. , and was featured in Maclean 's newsmagazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0573da089a8ef9925aa3a5d71ae407fc", "text": "Black Velvet (whisky) Black Velvet Whisky is a Canadian whisky brand owned by Constellation Brands . It has a smooth taste and is known for its black labeling . Black Velvet was produced at Schenley Industries in Valleyfield , Quebec , Canada . Schenley 's Black Velvet DeLuxe was the only liquor available to submarine officers at Midway in World War II , where it was held in low regard and known as `` Schenley 's Black Death . '' Original owner Heublein was sold to Grand Metropolitan in 1987 . Grand Metropolitan and Guinness merged in 1997 to form Diageo . The distillery was sold by Diageo to Canandaigua Brands in 1999 . Originally called `` Black Label '' , the name was changed to `` Black Velvet '' at the suggestion , in the late 1940s , by the Master Distiller Jack Napier because he thought it had a velvety taste and smoothness . Black Velvet produces three expressions which are primarily sold on the export market to the United States : Black Velvet and Black Velvet Reserve , which is an older-aged product ( aged eight years ) , and Black Velvet Toasted Caramel ( introduced in 2012 ) . This brand is ranked number two in Canadian Whisky market share behind number one , Crown Royal . The first Black Velvet Lady , Patricia Victoria Miller , was introduced to the world in 1969 as an advertisement tool for Black Velvet . Since that time , such famous names as Christie Brinkley , Cybill Shepherd , Kim Alexis , Cheryl Tiegs , Micah Wylde , and Kelly Emberg have all been Black Velvet Ladies . In addition , actors Telly Savalas , Larry Hagman and George Burns as well as country singer Tanya Tucker have also appeared in the ads . The current Black Velvet Lady is Tami Donaldson , born and raised in Hollywood , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4d5b1ecaa88092c1783e79aa7920c7a", "text": "Canadian ten-dollar note The Canadian ten-dollar note is one of the most common banknotes of the Canadian dollar . The current ten-dollar note is dominantly purple in colour . The front features a portrait of Canada 's first Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald , and a metallic image of the Library of Parliament . The reverse side shows Via Rail 's train , the Canadian , with the Canadian Rockies in the background ; this is accompanied by a Via Rail route map . Yellow dots representing the EURion constellation can be found on both sides . As well as textured printing , this design includes Braille dots for the blind indicating the denomination as a new tactile feature . An updated version of the note began circulation on May 18 , 2005 , with new security features . On the front , these include a holographic stripe along the left side , depicting the number 10 alternated with maple leaves ; a watermark of Macdonald 's portrait ; and a broken-up number 10 , which resolves itself when backlit ( the latter two which replaced the shiny-leaf feature ) . On the back , it has an interleaved metallic strip , reading '10 CAN ' repeatedly along its length . The version of the note issued in 1971 depicted the operations of Polymer Corporation on its back . Less-visible security features include ultraviolet-detected threads in the paper , as well as an ink imprint of the coat of arms . As with all modern Canadian banknotes , all text is in both English and French . A new ten-dollar note made with polymer , as part of the `` Frontier Series '' , was released on November 7 , 2013 . The new note features a new portrait of Sir John A. Macdonald and hologram of the Library of Parliament on the front and the Canadian ( Via Rail train pulled using F40PH-2 locomotive ) in the Rockies on the back . After mistakenly identifying Mount Edith Cavell and Mount Marmot as appearing in the background , the Bank of Canada later corrected them as Lectern Peak , Aquila Mountain , Mount Zengel and other mountains . On December 8 , 2016 , Viola Desmond was chosen as the first Canadian woman to appear on the ten-dollar note after being on a shortlist of five . The note will be issued in 2018 . For 2017 , the Bank of Canada has issued a special commemorative design , celebrating the 150th anniversary of the confederation of Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d7d818d9aa873e89af8f058a0ba62b", "text": "Family Chrgd Family CHRGD ( pronounced `` charged '' , stylized as family CHRGD , and also known as simply `` CHRGD '' ) is a Canadian English-language Category B specialty channel owned by DHX Media . A channel of the DHX Television/Family Channel network , it airs live-action and animated children 's programming aimed towards viewers aged 6 -- 12 . The channel first launched on June 1 , 2011 under the ownership of Astral Media as a localized version of Disney XD . Following the acquisition of Astral Media by Bell Canada ( including former sister channel The Movie Network ) , Disney XD and three other channels ( the English - and French-language Disney Junior-branded television networks and Family ) were sold to their current owner , DHX Media , by Bell Canada 's media and broadcasting division , Bell Media , on November 28 , 2013 . On October 9 , 2015 , as a result of Corus Entertainment 's acquisition of Canadian rights to Disney 's children 's programming and associated brands ( which resulted in the launch of a new Disney XD-branded channel ) , the channel was renamed Family Chrgd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f92cc8000304d966d108d84e0104fd5", "text": "Colt Canada Colt Canada ( formerly called Diemaco ) is a firearms manufacturer owned by United States based Colt and located in Kitchener , Ontario , Canada . The company is a defense contractor that manufactures and supplies small arms to the Canadian Forces and Canadian law enforcement agencies , as well as defence research & development , training , logistic support , repair and overhaul . In addition , the company exports firearms internationally . Known foreign customers include Norway , Denmark and The Netherlands . The company 's main products are the C7 rifle and derivatives which are manufactured under a licence of Colt Defense USA , and the EAGLE side-loading 40mm LV grenade launcher . Colt Canada describes itself as the Canadian government 's `` Centre of Excellence for small arms '' and the Canadian Forces ' sole supplier of the C7 family of rifles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbef9f5d6eb2383f9a6439ee8b8832a2", "text": "Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields . In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton . The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens . The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada . As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "352e64a448bee75849a11ebcc18ccb16", "text": "Marjorie Anthony Linden Marjorie Anthony Linden ( October 10 , 1935 -- April 1 , 2013 ) was a Canadian broadcaster and media executive . She achieved multiple `` firsts '' for women in broadcasting , including being the first all-night woman disc jockey in Montreal , the first woman vice-president in the Canadian television industry , and the first female president of the Broadcast Executive Society . Born in Mill Village , Nova Scotia , she was one of eight children of Barbara , who died when Marjorie was three years old , and Roy Anthony , a plumber . She was raised by an elder sister and various housekeepers . An entertainer from an early age , she sang and tap-danced on a local radio station at age thirteen . Although interested in studying to become a nurse , she took a job as a script assistant , commentator , and singer at CBC-TV in Halifax . She moved to Montreal at age 24 , and was a nightclub singer at the Ritz Carlton Hotel . Her sound was similar to that of Doris Day , and she recorded the album Marge Anthony Sings . She then worked at CKGM as a commercial writer , but soon became their all-night disc jockey . Later , she returned to television to be a commentator and a weather reporter at CFCF-TV . She moved to the United States to further her career , and was a producer at the NBC affiliate in Houston . Her works there included Furnishings of the White House , and A Texan Visits the White House featuring Lady Bird Johnson . She moved to work in Hollywood in the 1960s , and became vice-president , artist relations , for the company handling the Smothers Brothers . Then she worked in New York at CBS Records , with such artists as Kenny Rogers , Barry Manilow , and Nana Mouskouri . She also oversaw a world tour and two television specials for Neil Diamond . She returned to work for the Smothers Brothers in California , this time as their personal manager . In 1978 she returned to Canada , in various jobs at CTV including publicity and public relations for the Calgary Olympics . She served as vice-president of network relations for CTV . She had two brief marriages when she was young , and then in 1984 married Allen Linden , an Ontario judge . She had three stepdaughters from that relationship , and no biological children of her own . Her health deteriorated due to systemic lupus erythematosus and other illnesses , and she died in 2013 in Malibu , California at age 77 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c834d6a0cd3d792f9136ac727ead41a", "text": "Canadian studies Canadian studies is a college-level study of Canadian culture , the spoken languages of Canada , Canadian literature , Quebec , agriculture in Canada , the history of Canada , and Canadian government and politics . Most universities that offer the discipline recommend that students take a double major ( e.g. Political Science , International Relations ) or French , if not included in the course . Some careers for students who take Canadian studies include the foreign service and working at Canadian embassies or the foreign embassies in Canada . Scholars known for their work in Canadian studies include Fernand Ouellet , Linda Hutcheon , George Ramsay Cook , William T. R. Fox , Annette Baker Fox , Susan Swan , Christl Verduyn , Sergey Rogov , and George Melnyk . The Governor General 's International Award for Canadian Studies is an award for excellence in the field and was established in 1995 by the International Council for Canadian Studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d63a2892b9ec82f36625b83abfe767", "text": "Seedrioru Seedrioru is a not-for-profit , volunteer-based cultural center built by Estonian Canadians and situated on the banks of the Grand River west of Elora , Ontario , Canada . Since 1955 it has been known as the `` largest congregator '' of Estonians in North America through its Laulupäev Song Festival , although its primary function is to operate and sustain an Estonian summer camp that promotes Estonian language , music , dance and arts . Children attending are generally from Canada and the United States , but some travel from as far away as the United Kingdom and Estonia . Seedrioru continues to be a venue for Estonian Song Festivals , fundraisers and Estonian cultural events . It was created through an association of four Southern Ontario Estonian societies located in Hamilton , London , Kitchener , and St. Catherines . The societies annually appoint eight directors at the Seedrioru Annual General Meeting to form a Juhatus , or board of directors , who volunteer to organize the yearly activities of the camp in accordance with their bylaws and regulations . Seedrioru is supported by the Estonian Foundation of Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9d4bbb6a38b56e755ab44360f4cf9f1", "text": "Canada 2011 Census The Canada 2011 Census is a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population on May 10 , 2011 . Statistics Canada , an agency of the Canadian government , conducts a nationwide census every five years . In 2011 , it consisted of a mandatory short form census questionnaire and an inaugural National Household Survey ( NHS ) , a voluntary survey which replaced the mandatory long form census questionnaire ; this substitution was the focus of much controversy . Completion of the ( short form ) census is mandatory for all Canadians , and those who do not complete it may face penalties ranging from fines to jail time . The Statistics Act mandates a Senate and/or House of Commons ( joint ) committee review of the opt-in clause ( for the release of one 's census records after 92 years ) by 2014 . The 2011 Census is the fifteenth decennial census and is required by section 8 of the Constitution Act , 1867 . As with other decennial censuses , the data was used to adjust federal electoral district boundaries . As of August 24 , 2011 , Canada 's overall collection response rate was 98.1 % , up over a full percentage point from 96.5 % in the 2006 Census . Ontario and Prince Edward Island each hold the highest response rate at 98.3 % , while Nunavut holds the lowest response rate at 92.7 % . In an article in the New York Times in August 2015 , journalist Stephen Marche argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011 , the federal government `` stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself '' in the `` age of information . '' Nearly 500 organizations in Canada , including the Canadian Medical Association , the Canadian Chamber of Commerce , and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form Census in 2011 with a shorter version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52eeceb198211ef7286406de1f913c06", "text": "Wendy A. Tadros Wendy A. Tadros was the Transportation Safety Board of Canada ( TSBC ) Chairperson from 2006 to 2014 . Since at least 1995 , she had been a board member . As chairperson , Tadros was a senior appointee of the Government of Canada , and was responsible for accident investigations that may or may not have included fatalities , such as the tragedy of Lac-Megantic , of which Tadros stated that the `` investigation will take months , '' and warned against blaming the Lac-Megantic tragedy on one person . She was quoted as saying that the Lac-Megantic derailment `` may well be the most devastating rail accident in Canadian history . '' She frequently appeared before legislators in Parliament in Ottawa . A statement of the duties of the TSBC was provided by her on 13 June 2006 to the Standing Committee on Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . She has been aware since at least 1995 of the problems of DOT-111 tank cars , and wrote in committee at the time that `` the tank cars that lost product were all Class 111A cars , a class known to be susceptible to product loss at derailment . '' She returned to the subject of the DOT-111 tank cars in the investigation of a derailment near River Glade , New Brunswick when she wrote in committee that `` Class 111A tank cars are more susceptible to release product upon derailment and impact than pressure tank cars , and yet there are a number of toxic and volatile liquids that are still permitted to be carried in minimum standard Class 111A tank cars . '' She noted a failure of the safety regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods ( TDG ) in report R02W0063 , issued 2004 , that `` Since the train originated and would have terminated in Canada , and the DG products were not listed in Schedule I of the TDG regulations , neither the shipper nor CN was required to have an emergency response plan . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9561c3b5e88024fbac79fc5fb4d1699a", "text": "REAL Women of Canada REAL Women of Canada ( Vraies Femmes du Canada in French ) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada . The organization was founded in 1983 . REAL stands for `` Realistic , Equal , Active , for Life '' . The group believes that the nuclear family is the most important unit in Canadian society , and that the fragmentation of the Canadian family is a primary cause of social disorder . It lobbies the Government of Canada in favour of legislation to promote what it believes to be the Judeo-Christian model of family life , and to support homemaking . It is also opposed to feminism , abortion and LGBT rights ( and same-sex marriage in Canada as well ) . The group has intervened in Supreme Court of Canada cases such as R. v. Morgentaler ( 1993 ) and M. v. H. ( 1999 ) . In R. v. Sullivan ( 1991 ) it argued that a fetus is a person . Its objectives are , according to its website : To reaffirm that the family is society 's most important unit , since the nurturing of its members is best accomplished in the family setting . To promote the equality , advancement and well being of women , recognizing them as interdependent members of society , whether in the family , workplace or community . To promote , secure and defend legislation which upholds what it considers the Judeo-Christian understanding of marriage and family life . To support government and social policies that make homemaking possible for women who , out of necessity , would otherwise have to take employment outside the home . To support the right to life of all innocent individuals from conception to natural death . Part of their economic policies to help meet their objectives are increased tax relief for single-income families , families with children , and individuals with children . REAL Women is similar in political and social outlook to Phyllis Schlafly 's Eagle Forum and to Concerned Women for America in the United States . The organization has also heavily criticized individuals who have spoken out against Uganda 's criminalization of homosexual relations . On August 7 , 2013 , the group issued a statement criticizing Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird for speaking out on LGBT human rights issues in both Uganda and Russia as part of Canada 's foreign policy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f013ef72ea543b9aca8d2796dc7b9e5", "text": "Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation The Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation ( CDIC ) is a Canadian federal Crown corporation created by Parliament in 1967 . The CDIC insures Canadians ' deposits held at Canadian banks ( and other member institutions ) up to C$ 100,000 in case of a bank failure . CDIC automatically insures many types of savings against the failure of a financial institution . However , the bank must be a CDIC member and not all savings are insured . The CDIC insurance pays out in case of bank default . There are many reasons why a bank may default , such as fraud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c91459cef50ee7f646aa3bb5bc696b94", "text": "Ruggiero (music) Ruggiero refers to a musical scheme which is at times harmonic and at times melodic . It is seen in 16th and 17th century music , for both vocal and instrumental pieces and improvisations . It most likely comes from reciting formulas used to perform Orlando Furioso , an epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto . The name probably stems from the most set canto from this poem , no. 61 , which begins `` Ruggier , qual sempre fui , tal esser voglio '' . Because the melody was so often improvised on , and is inevitably varied in the oral tradition , it is difficult to agree on an exact melody . The harmonic structure , however , has remained relatively unchanged . Harmonically the Ruggiero bass is major , generally in G , and has four short phrases . This scheme is frequently used for declaiming other texts which use an ottava rima meter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e2386492e00c845b7c1a6a3eed20ca", "text": "Canadian (train) The Canadian ( Le Canadien ) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail Canada with service between Union Station in Toronto , Ontario , and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver , British Columbia . Before 1955 the Canadian was a Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) train between Toronto and Chicago . In 1955 , CPR renamed its transcontinental route between Montreal/Toronto and Vancouver the Canadian , with new streamlined trains . Via Rail took over in 1978 , and in 1990 reduced the Canadian to Toronto - Vancouver service primarily along Canadian National tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d2971edabe2817879ac0e6c79c45e3", "text": "Intact Financial Intact Financial Corporation is the largest provider of property and casualty insurance in Canada with close to $ 8.0 billion in annual premiums . Formerly a ING Group subsidiary , ING Canada , Intact became a widely held Canadian company and changed its name from ING Canada to Intact Financial Corporation in 2009 . Supported by over 12,000 employees , the company insures more than five million individuals and businesses through its insurance subsidiaries and is the largest private sector provider of P&C insurance in British Columbia , Alberta , Ontario , Québec , Nova Scotia and Newfoundland & Labrador . The company distributes insurance under the Intact Insurance brand through a wide network of brokers , including its wholly owned subsidiary , BrokerLink , and directly to consumers through belairdirect . In 2011 , Intact acquired AXA Insurance 's Canadian operations for $ 2.6 billion . In 2012 , Intact acquired Jevco Insurance Company for $ 530 million , which allowed the company to expand its service to brokers through the opportunity to offer their clients complementary specialized products such as recreational vehicle insurance and specialty lines products to businesses . In 2014 , Intact acquired Metro General Insurance Corporation , further strengthening its market position in Newfoundland and Labrador . In 2015 , Intact acquired Canadian Direct Insurance Incorporated ( CDI ) , extending its direct-to-consumer operations from coast to coast . Direct premiums written ( the amount of money customers paid for policies written during the year ) has grown over the years . In 2015 , they totalled $ 7.9 billion . The company has ranked well in a number of customer satisfaction surveys ; In the J.D. Power 2015 Canadian Home Insurance Satisfaction Study , belairdirect was ranked highest in the Atlantic/Ontario region with a score of 799 and in the Quebec region with a score of 814 and Intact Insurance ranked third with a score of 791 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6922865ad8ec7863c640262c2e630b2b", "text": "Doris Gregory Doris Gregory is a Canadian author . She is noted for her role ending gender-based segregation in Canadian universities . Gregory studied English at the University of British Columbia in the early 1940s . At the time , many courses were segregated by gender , with separate courses with female lecturers for female students . Gregory organized a group of women to `` crash '' one of the men 's lectures , and after being asked to leave the class wrote a story about the incident for the student paper , the Ubyssey . The story was republished by the Canadian University Press , and the women were allowed to join the men 's lecture . Gregory dropped out of university to join the Canadian Women 's Army Corps in 1942 , and was stationed in London and Farmborough . An autobiography about her experiences , titled How I Won the War For the Allies : One Sassy Canadian Soldier 's Story , was published by Ronsdale Press in June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "443d7392a43eb43ebc5e48cf026d37c4", "text": "Copyright Act of Canada The Copyright Act of Canada is the federal statute governing copyright law in Canada . It is jointly administered by the Department of Industry Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage . The Copyright Act of Canada was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988 and 1997 . Several attempts were made between 2005 and 2011 to amend the Copyright Act , but each of the bills ( Bill C-60 in 2005 , Bill C-61 in 2008 , and Bill C-32 in 2010 ) failed to pass due to political opposition . In 2011 , with a majority in the House of Commons , the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-11 , titled the Copyright Modernization Act . Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7174bb8c09e512eda6c605ca2c0ae898", "text": "Saamy Saamy is a 2003 Indian Tamil action film written and directed by Hari . presented by K. Balachander and produced by Pushpa Kandasamy under banner Kavithalayaa Productions . The film stars Vikram , Trisha and Kota Srinivasa Rao in the lead . music was composed by Harris Jayaraj . Upon release , the film was highly successful at the box office . It was remade in Telugu as Lakshmi Narasimha ( 2004 ) starring Nandamuri Balakrishna and Asin , in Bengali as Barood starring Mithun Chakraborty , in Kannada as Ayya ( 2005 ) starring Darshan and Rakshitha and later in Hindi as Policegiri ( 2013 ) starring Sanjay Dutt and Prachi Desai . Like other films directed by Hari , this film also specialises a particular city and this time it is Tirunelveli . Saamy along with Kaakha Kaakha started a trend of police films in Tamil such as Bheeshmar , Gambeeram , Anjaneya and many others . Kota Srinivasa Rao made his debut in Tamil as a villain in this film . This film was dubbed in Hindi as ` Policewala Gunda 3 ' by Goldmines Telefilms .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "82ffb0a63ae4c4fcb761f63d34f76a36", "text": "Appa (film) Appa ( Father ) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language independent drama film written , produced and directed by Samuthirakani . A Spin-off sequel to Saattai ( 2012 ) , the film features Samuthirakani himself in the lead role , with Thambi Ramaiah in a supporting role . Featuring music composed by Ilaiyaraaja , the film began production in late 2015 and released in July 2016 . The film released on July 1 , 2016 to mixed reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "742f507f4306424abbdde55c41e5f17f", "text": "Maha Maha Maha Maha ( Tamil : மகா மகா , English : Great Great ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil romantic thriller film directed by Mathivanan Sakthivel . The film stars Mathivanan Sakthivel , Melissa , Indira , Nizhalgal Ravi , Anupama Kumar and Meera Krishnan . The film features music composed by Pavalar Shiva , and editing by Suresh Urs . The film was predominately filmed in Australia with local Australian cast . The film released on 6 March 2015 in Tamil Nadu , Australia and England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ab2840074c94393c525abafeff2fbb", "text": "Antha (film) Antha ( Kannada : ಅ ತ ) is a 1981 Indian Kannada film directed by S. V. Rajendra Singh Babu . The film stars Ambareesh , Lakshmi and Latha in lead roles . The film went on become a huge success and is viewed as a milestone in Ambareesh 's career . The story is based on H. K. Ananth Rao 's serial of same name published in Kannada weekly magazine Sudha . It was remade in Tamil as Thyagi , in Telugu as Antham Kadidi Aarambam and in Hindi as Meri Aawaz Suno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e34c03b1698350814ba376f0b65ea75", "text": "Paayum Puli (2015 film) Paayum Puli ( Pouncing Tiger ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil action dramtic thriller film written and directed by Suseenthiran starring Vishal and Kajal Aggarwal in the lead roles and Samuthirakani , Soori and Aishwarya Dutta in supporting roles . The film was produced by Vendhar Movies and distributed by Escape Artists Motion Pictures . Set in the backdrop of Madurai , Paayum Puli features Vishal as an undercover police officer named Jayaseelan . Music for the film was composed by D. Imman . The cinematography was led by Velraj and the editing by Anthony . Principal photography commenced on 4 March 2015 and lasted for four months . Paayum Puli was shot predominantly in and around Chennai and other parts of Tamil Nadu in 75 working days . The film , along with its Telugu dubbed version titled Jayasurya , was released on 4 September 2015 worldwide . The film has also been dubbed into Hindi as Main Hoon Rakshak .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0e7ded39914b63790c9e0df7051afee", "text": "Namak Halaal Namak Halaal is a 1982 Hindi language action comedy film , directed by Prakash Mehra . Music is by Bappi Lahiri and lyrics by Anjaan . The film stars Amitabh Bachchan , Smita Patil , Shashi Kapoor , Parveen Babi , Om Prakash , Waheeda Rehman , Ranjeet , Satyen Kappu , Suresh Oberoi and Ram Sethi . The film became a `` Blockbuster '' at the box office and went on to be a golden jubilee hit ( which was common to all Bachchan films at that time ) . It was remade in Telugu as Bhale Ramudu by veteran director K. S. R. Das in 1984 with Mohan Babu and Murali Mohan in Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor 's role respectively . It was also remade in Tamil as Velaikaran by veteran director S.P. Muthuraman in 1986 with Rajnikanth and Sarath Babu in Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor 's role respectively and was a huge hit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad766cdaf18ad08b6d3b844ff19c825f", "text": "Lahari Music Lahari Recording Company is a music company in south India . It owns a music label called Lahari Music it is also a film production company which later ventured into a Post Production Studio called MRT Studios and a Construction Company under the HomEquity India Private Limited Brand . Recently it brought audio rights of Largest Motion Picture of India , Baahubali which is directed by S.S. Rajamouli for Whopping 3 crore rupees . It is the largest buy in India till date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2ca512edd92ee289172a16208cbec4", "text": "Nayakan Nayakan ( The Hero ) , also spelt Nayagan , is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language crime-drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam and starring Kamal Haasan . It is loosely based on the real-life Bombay underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar , and sympathetically depicts the struggle of South Indians living in Bombay ( now Mumbai ) . The film also stars Saranya Ponvannan in her film debut . Karthika , Nassar , Janagaraj , Delhi Ganesh and Tinnu Anand play significant roles . The soundtrack and score of the film were composed by Ilaiyaraaja and was met with a successful response after release . The film has been inspired from Francis Ford Coppola 's 1972 film The Godfather . Principal photography commenced in November 1986 with test shoots featuring Haasan . The film was released on 21 October 1987 on the occasion of Diwali and received critical acclaim worldwide . Kamal Haasan 's performance as Velu Nayakan earned him the National Film Award for Best Actor . The film also earned the National Awards for Best Cinematography ( P. C. Sriram ) and Best Art Direction ( Thotta Tharani ) . The film was India 's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1988 at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not nominated . In 2005 , the magazine TIME included Nayagan in its list of `` All-Time 100 Best Films '' . The film was also included in The Moving Arts Film Journals list of greatest films of all time . Nayagan was also included in NDTV 's list `` India 's 20 greatest films '' . CNN-IBN included the film in its list of `` 100 greatest Indian films of all time '' . The film was dubbed in Telugu under the title Nayakudu . It was also remade in Hindi as Dayavan in 1988 starring Vinod Khanna . A Hindi dub of the film was released in 1999 as Velu Nayakan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48ebfaa086b46c5ae1f93039029456ab", "text": "Sa (film) SA is a 2016 Kannada-language romantic thriller film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1dcf8bd921008b50ce9a91645d06656", "text": "Nam Duniya Nam Style Nam Duniya Nam Style is a 2013 Indian Kannada adventure film , directed and produced by Preetham Gubbi . It stars Vinayak Joshi , Krishna Nagappa , Likith Shetty , Sonia Gowda , Milana Nagaraj , Kavya Shetty . The film is `` about three people who hail from different backgrounds and who have been friends for 15 years . The trio are a jovial and fun-loving lot , and are excited about their first travel abroad together '' sais Preetham who admitted he was inspired by the Hindi film Dil Chahta Hai . H C Venu is the cinematographer while Shaan Rahman composed the music for the movie . The film was extensively shot in Karnataka , Kashmir and Malaysia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f69503cf622bdb5a3a6bd3d06b205cd8", "text": "Soggade Chinni Nayana Soggade Chinni Nayana ( The Young Man is a Charmer ) is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language supernatural drama film directed by Kalyan Krishna Kurasala . In addition to producing the film under his Annapurna Studios banner , Akkineni Nagarjuna played dual roles . Ramya Krishnan and Lavanya Tripathi were the film 's female leads . Nassar , Pithamagan Mahadevan , Sampath Raj and Brahmanandam played key supporting roles . Written by Ram Mohan P , Soggade Chinni Nayana revolves around the soul of Bangarraju , a flirtatious zamindar whom Yama ( the god of the underworld ) sends back to earth to reconcile his son ( Ram `` Ramu '' Mohan ) and his wife Seetha ; they are on the brink of divorce . In the process , he learns about his death and its connection with a local Shiva temple . P. S. Vinod and Siddhardh Ramaswami provided the cinematography , and Anup Rubens composed the film 's soundtrack and background score . Prawin Pudi edited the film . Principal photography for the film began on 19 November 2014 after it was launched in Hyderabad , and wrapped on 4 October 2015 . Most of the film was shot in and around Rajahmundry and Mysore . Produced on a budget of 150200 million , Soggade Chinni Nayana was released worldwide on 15 January 2016 during the Makar Sankranti festival season in 800-900 screens . It received positive reviews from critics and was commercially successful , earning 750 million globally . The film is being remade in Kannada as Matte Hutti Baa , Inti Prema , starring Upendra , Prema and Sruthi Hariharan in the lead roles . A prequel entitled Bangarraju is in development , with production scheduled to begin in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca1a30e6c4aadd948d190e0bf1959177", "text": "Gaddaar (1995 film) Gaddaar is a 1995 Indian Bollywood film directed by Deepak Sareen and produced by Sunanda R. Shetty . It stars Sunil Shetty , Sonali Bendre and Harish Kumar in pivotal roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b122e0fd44a9eb0d5a2df441d26a9f", "text": "Arrambam Arrambam ( Beginning ) is a 2013 Indian Tamil action film directed by Vishnuvardhan . Produced by A. Raghuram and co-written by Subha , the film features Ajith Kumar and Nayantara in the lead roles and Arya and Taapsee Pannu in supporting roles . While the score and soundtrack of the film were composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja , the cinematography was handled by Om Prakash and editing by A. Sreekar Prasad . Following a six-month long pre-production and the official announcement of the project in May 2012 , filming commenced in June 2012 and continued for the next 15 months . Majority of the filming happened in Mumbai . Other locations included Chennai , Bangalore , Dubai , Hyderabad , Mahabaleshwar , Jaisalmer , Leh and Ladakh . The film was not titled until it entered post-production and was mostly referred to as Thala 53 or Valai , a supposed working title . The film was released on 31 October 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a921eea570501b5f9745700497193b8c", "text": "Sabuj Saathi Sabuj Saathi is a 2003 Bengali film directed by Swapan Saha and produced by Debendra Kuchar . The film features actors Prosenjit Chatterjee and Rachana Banerjee in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Ashok Bhadra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eab00ec2394ca36001ee8f3811199fcc", "text": "Chaaram Chaaram is a 1983 Indian Malayalam film , directed by PA Bakker and produced by CH Khalid . The film stars Prem Nazir , Meena Menon , Urmila and Hari in lead roles . The film had musical score by Shankar Jaikishan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723bc23bb7b463801d1c1f043cdeb8bb", "text": "Rajadhani 2 Rajadhani 2 is the sequel to the Kannada movie Rajadhani which was released in 2011 . The star cast of Rajadhani 2 includes Puneeth Preetham and Hari Priya in the lead roles . The movie is being directed by Raghujaya and produced by Praveen Kumar . Music to the movie is being provided by noted Kannada music composer Arjun Janya . The muhuratham of the movie was held in Kanteerava studio , Bangalore on 6 April 2015 . Leading actor Darshan and Dharwad MLA Vinay Kulkarni flagged off the shooting . The shooting is scheduled to complete in two months . According to the director , the shooting will take place in spots identified in and around Bengaluru , Mysuru , Mandya , Srirangapatna and Chikkamangaluru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0adfb5409d8705fccd18b262b063946", "text": "Chamayam Chamayam may refer to : Chamayam ( 1981 film ) , a Malayalam-language film directed by Sathyan Anthikkad , starring Kamalahasan and Ambika Chamayam ( 1993 film ) , a Malayalam-language film directed by Bharathan , starring Manoj K Jayan and Sithara", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da7c757bc305f1e76e6dcddc5dd5e28", "text": "Sabu Cyril Sabu Cyril is an Indian film Production Designer . He has won National Film Award for Best Production Design four times , Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction ( including south ) five times and he was nominated at 42nd Saturn Awards . His work in Enthiran won him international recognition . Over the years , he has emerged to be the most expensive and celebrated art director in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "757e8192fc9901c04a3eba876e65756d", "text": "Loha (1987 film) Loha is a 1987 Hindi film directed by Raj N. Sippy . It was released in India on 23 January 1987 . It stars Dharmendra , Shatrughan Sinha , Karan Kapoor , Madhavi , Mandakini and Amrish Puri . The film was one of that year 's highest grossing films . The film became Dharmendra 's first hit of the year 1987 , where he went on to deliver 7 more outright hits and hence , represented one of his best career years as well as an all-time record year for any Hindi film star . The film 's music became popular also , most notably , `` Isa Pir na musa pir , sabse bada hain paisa pir '' picturised beautifully on the male leads of the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2769d3bda053e14c49aec5e1a6a24b4", "text": "Lakshmi Saraswathi Lakshmi Saraswathi ( Kannada : ಲಕ ಷ ಮ ಸರಸ ವತ ) is a 1970 Indian Kannada film , directed by K. S. L. Swamy ( Ravi ) and produced by B H Jayanna . The film stars B. Sarojadevi , Ramesh , Sudarshan and R. Nagendra Rao in lead roles . The film had musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4dd11564983f8c99f585e031585664a1", "text": "Trolls (film) Trolls is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical romantic comedy adventure film based on the Troll dolls created by Thomas Dam . The film was directed by Mike Mitchell and co-directed by Walt Dohrn , written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger and based on a story by Erica Rivinoja . The film features the voices of Anna Kendrick , Justin Timberlake , Zooey Deschanel , Russell Brand , James Corden and Gwen Stefani . The film revolves around two trolls on a quest to save their village from destruction by the Bergens , creatures who eat trolls . The 33rd animated feature film produced by DreamWorks Animation , the film premiered on October 8 , 2016 , at the BFI London Film Festival and was theatrically released in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , by 20th Century Fox . The film received generally positive reviews from critics , grossed $ 345 million worldwide against its $ 125 million budget and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' . A sequel , titled Trolls 2 , is scheduled to be released on April 10 , 2020 with Kendrick and Timberlake reprising their roles as Poppy and Branch respectively .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ea8193cf6f379a93f63eefdbbc63ecfe", "text": "Apple doll An apple doll is a North American cultural phenomenon where the doll 's head is made from dried apples . The apple is peeled , then carved with the facial features of the doll . Next the apple is left to dry for several days or weeks . When completely dry , the apple is positioned on the top of a wire frame which is shaped into the rest of the doll 's body . The rest of the wire frame is covered up by the doll 's clothing , which is usually sewn by hand . In modern times , apple dolls are mostly used as decorations or to display craftsmanship , rather than as children 's toys . Because of the different effects drying produces , no two dolls are alike . Category : Traditional dolls", "title": "" }, { "docid": "716b15e17a944f05160caec26123f784", "text": "Do The Write Thing The Do the Write Thing Challenge ( or DtWT ) is a writing program for junior high students organized by the U.S. National Campaign to Stop Violence . Intended to reduce youth violence , the Do the Write Thing Essay Challenge Program began in 1994 as a local program in Washington , D.C. and expanded in 1996 to other cities . According to Dr. Hassan Al-Ebraheem , founder and chairman of the Kuwait-America Foundation , the program has reached over 1.6 million children ( as of July 2013 ) across the country since its foundation . Aimed at middle school students , one of the program 's primary objectives is to motivate students to make a personal commitment , in writing , to help prevent and reduce youth violence in their home , school , and communities . The students are then asked to address these three questions in an essay for submission : How has youth violence and drugs affected my life ? What are the causes of youth violence ? What can I do about youth violence ? After this , a panel , of usually volunteers or school staff , reads the essays and chooses `` school finalists '' . These `` school finalists '' continue on to a broader selection that is citywide . Each year , two finalists from each city -- one boy and one girl -- along with their teacher and parent , are honored at a national recognition ceremony in Washington , DC . While in Washington , DC , the DTWT National Ambassadors visit the United States Library of Congress , The United States Supreme Court , the United States Capitol and the Kuwait Embassy . Their essays are published in one volume , which is then presented to the Library of Congress . The Challenge is the idea of Daniel Q. Callister , a Washington lawyer who says its purpose is four-fold : to provide children who have experienced or seen violence with a cathartic experience ; to give them motivation to change their behavior ; to be an education experience for teachers and the community ; and to get adults to help solve the problem . Sponsors of `` Do the Write Thing '' include : Kuwait America Foundation Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Annenberg Foundation Criminal Justice Division of the Governor 's Office in Texas Marriott International Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development Southwest Airlines Athletes for Hope America 's Promise Alliance Communities in Schools Greater Washington Urban League , Inc. . Harlem Globetrotters National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges United States National Guard", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d597decc5ee7b1e63473a32b2032e9f0", "text": "Volcanic dam A volcanic dam is a type of natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism , which holds or temporarily restricts the flow of surface water in existing streams , like a man-made dam . There are two main types of volcanic dams , those created by the flow of molten lava , and those created by the primary or secondary deposition of pyroclastic material and debris . This classification generally excludes other , often larger and longer lived dam-type geologic features , separately termed crater lakes , although these volcanic centers may be associated with the source of material for volcanic dams , and the lowest portion of its confining rim may be considered as such a dam , especially if the lake level within the crater is relatively high . Volcanic dams generally occur worldwide , in association with former and active volcanic provinces , and are known to have existed in the geologic record , in historic times and occur in the present day . Their removal or failure is similarly recorded . The longevity , and extent varies widely , having periods ranging from a few days , weeks or years to several hundred thousand years or more , and dimensions ranging from a few meters to hundreds , to several thousand . The emplacement , internal structure , distribution and longevity of such dams can be related variously to the amount , rapidity and duration of ( primary ) geothermal energy released , and the rock material made available ; other considerations include the rock types produced , their physical and toughness characteristics , and their various modes of deposition . Depositional modes include gravity flow of molten lava at the surface , gravity flow or fall of pyroclastics through the air , as well as the redistribution and transportation of those materials by gravity and water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28b230e94a52735920110d6065e96160", "text": "Uncanny valley In aesthetics , the uncanny valley is the hypothesis that human replicas which appear almost , but not exactly , like real human beings elicit feelings of eeriness and revulsion among some observers . Valley denotes a dip in the human observer 's affinity for the replica , a relation that otherwise increases with the replica 's human likeness . Examples can be found in robotics , 3D computer animations , and lifelike dolls among others . With the increasing prevalence of virtual reality , augmented reality , and photorealistic computer animation , the ` valley ' has been cited in the popular press in reaction to the verisimilitude of the creation as it approaches indistinguishability from reality . For example , Telus 's attempt to replace real animals in advertisements with animations like this wound up firmly in the ` uncanny valley ' and had negative , not positive , impact on those viewing the spots . Similar reactions can occur with special effects where care is not taken to either break away from the audience 's expectation of reality completely or honor it ( People and objects noticably not traveling in proper parabolic arcs when knocked flying , or real human bodies clearly being subject to loads that would not be survivable in reality -- the flight of Tom Cruise from helicopter to train at the end of Mission Impossible failed both of these tests . ) The ` uncanny valley ' has therefore moved from its origin about reactions to human simulacra , to reactions about photorealistic simulacra in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da93caa5087a450bfce0a05c0fae538", "text": "Thomas Taylor (artist) Thomas Henry Taylor ( born 22 May 1973 ) is a British children 's writer and illustrator . He studied at Anglia Ruskin University . He painted the cover art for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . Due to the number of questions regarding the identity of the wizard illustrated on the back cover of the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and thanks to the contribution of an Argentine named Alfonso Ferrer in Taylor 's blog , in February 2016 , he decided to name him Robertus Tallis . He has written and illustrated several picture books , starting with George and Sophie 's Museum Adventure in 1999 , and has two children 's novels , Haunters and Dan of the Dead , due to be published in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33d0ce19b09c9994d78b876999557b54", "text": "Troll cat A troll cat ( also milk rabbit , troll ball ) is the familiar of a witch in Scandinavian folklore . Either in the shape of a cat or a ball , troll cats sucked milk from cows and spat it out in the witches ' milk pails , and went into homes to lick up cream . Related creatures are milk hares and milk rabbits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cffade99f6ae0bbf0731716c9f8755", "text": "The Railway Series The Railway Series is a set of story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor . There are 42 books in the series , the first being published in 1945 . Twenty-six were written by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry , up to 1972 . A further 16 were written by his son , Christopher Awdry ; 14 between 1983 and 1996 , and two more in 2007 and 2011 . Nearly all of The Railway Series stories were based upon real-life events . As a lifelong railway enthusiast , Awdry was keen that his stories should be as realistic as possible . The engine characters were almost all based upon real classes of locomotive , and some of the railways themselves were directly based upon real lines in the British Isles . Characters and stories from the books formed the basis of the children 's television series Thomas and Friends . Audio adaptations of The Railway Series have been recorded at various times under the title The Railway Stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e020697352cf2dfeceeb8d80a85ee038", "text": "Tales from Shakespeare Tales from Shakespeare is an English children 's book written by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary Lamb in 1807 . The book is designed to make the stories of Shakespeare 's plays familiar to the young . However , as noted in the authors ' Preface , '' -LSB- Shakespeare 's -RSB- words are used whenever it seemed possible to bring them in ; and in whatever has been added to give them the regular form of a connected story , diligent care has been taken to select such words as might least interrupt the effect of the beautiful English tongue in which he wrote : therefore , words introduced into our language since his time have been as far as possible avoided . '' Mary Lamb was responsible for the comedies , while Charles wrote the tragedies ; they wrote the preface between them . The book contains the following tales : The Tempest ( Mary Lamb ) A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Mary Lamb ) The Winter 's Tale ( Mary Lamb ) Much Ado About Nothing ( Mary Lamb ) As You Like It ( Mary Lamb ) Two Gentlemen of Verona ( Mary Lamb ) The Merchant of Venice ( Mary Lamb ) Cymbeline ( Mary Lamb ) King Lear ( Charles Lamb ) Macbeth ( Charles Lamb ) All 's Well That Ends Well ( Mary Lamb ) The Taming of the Shrew ( Mary Lamb ) The Comedy of Errors ( Mary Lamb ) Measure for Measure ( Mary Lamb ) Twelfth Night ( Mary Lamb ) Timon of Athens ( Charles Lamb ) Romeo and Juliet ( Charles Lamb ) Hamlet , Prince of Denmark ( Charles Lamb ) Othello ( Charles Lamb ) Pericles , Prince of Tyre ( Mary Lamb ) Tales from Shakespeare has been republished many times . It was illustrated by Sir John Gilbert in 1866 , by Arthur Rackham in 1899 and 1909 , by Louis Monziès in 1908 , by Walter Paget in 1910 , and by D. C. Eyles in 1934 . In 1893-4 , the book was supplemented with some additional tales by Harrison S Morris and was re-published in the USA as a multi-volume set with colour plate illustrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fca8edcbb6938739cdff7cd59fa8727a", "text": "Troll (research station) Troll is a research station located at Jutulsessen , 235 km from the coast in the eastern part of Princess Martha Coast in Queen Maud Land , Antarctica . It is Norway 's only all-year research station in Antarctica , and is supplemented by the summer-only station Tor . Troll is operated by the Norwegian Polar Institute and also features facilities for the Norwegian Meteorological Institute , the Norwegian Institute for Air Research . Contrary to most other research stations on the continent , Troll is constructed on the snow-free slope of solid rock breaking through the ice sheet at Jutulsessen , located 1275 m above mean sea level . The station opened as a summer-only station in 1990 and was taken into use as an all-year station in 2005 . It has an overwintering capacity of eight people and a summer capacity of 40 . It is served by Troll Airfield , which is the base for the Dronning Maud Land Air Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3512d40cdc927163bc84344d56df4ce9", "text": "Trollskogen Trollskogen ( `` enchanted forest '' or `` troll 's forest '' ) is a windswept , grazed pine forest and nature reserve in the northeast corner of the Baltic island Öland , Sweden ( Böda socken , Borgholm Municipality ) . The forest is on a promontory with an exposed shingle beach on the eastern side , the side of the Baltic Sea , and a sheltered bay on the western side , of Grankullaviken bay . The 100 ha reserve , formerly a Domänreservat , ( protected by the Swedish government forestry agency ) is part of the Böda Kronopark . Its southeastern boundary is also the north border of the nature reserve Bödakusten östra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26868592d7f79ec862e81634f915ec16", "text": "Trolltider Trolltider ( `` Troll Times '' ) was the Sveriges Television 's Christmas calendar in 1979 . It 's one of the titles in the 2009 book Tusen svenska klassiker ( 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a9187e5ea317df3aeedc6b4670cd8da", "text": "Thumbelina `` Thumbelina '' -LSB- ˌθʌmbəˈliːnə -RSB- ( Tommelise ) is a literary fairy tale written by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen first published by C. A. Reitzel on 16 December 1835 in Copenhagen , Denmark , with `` The Naughty Boy '' and `` The Traveling Companion '' in the second installment of Fairy Tales Told for Children . `` Thumbelina '' is about a tiny girl and her adventures with appearance - and marriage-minded toads , moles , and cockchafers . She successfully avoids their intentions before falling in love with a flower-fairy prince just her size . `` Thumbelina '' is chiefly Andersen 's invention , though he did take inspiration from tales of miniature people such as `` Tom Thumb '' . `` Thumbelina '' was published as one of a series of seven fairy tales in 1835 which were not well received by the Danish critics who disliked their informal style and their lack of morals . One critic , however , applauded `` Thumbelina '' . The earliest English translation of `` Thumbelina '' is dated 1846 . The tale has been adapted to various media including television drama and animated film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "161aaf257178031bef536e70fcc1681b", "text": "Hans Beck Hans Beck ( 6 May 1929 , Greiz -- 30 January 2009 , Markdorf ) was the German inventor of Playmobil toys . He is thus often called `` The Father of Playmobil '' . Born in Greiz , Thuringia , Beck grew up in the town of Zirndorf . He trained as a cabinet maker and made small toy vehicles and figures for his younger siblings . He presented his model airplanes to Horst Brandstätter , owner of local toy company Geobra Brandstätter , who took him on , and asked him to develop toy figures for children . As a hobby Beck built ultra-lightweight model aircraft for flying indoors . He competed in the FAI World Championships in Debrecen , Hungary in 1966 and won the individual title in the F1D class . In the early 1960s the planes had a wing span of 900 mm ( 550 mm today ) and were made from a balsa wood frame covered with a film of acetone lacquer . They were powered by a small rubber band wound to over 1,700 turns and could fly for over 40 minutes in large halls or airship hangars . The whole aeroplane weighed only 1.2 grams . Beck spent three years developing the figurines with interchangeable accessories that became Playmobil . He conducted research that allowed him to develop a toy that would be flexible ( unlike tin soldiers ) , not too complex , that would fit in an average child 's hand and have a face like a child 's drawing ( a large head , smile , and no nose ) . `` I would put the little figures in their hands without saying anything about what they were , '' Beck remarked . `` They accepted them right away ... They invented little scenarios for them . They never grew tired of playing with them . '' Horst Brandstätter was not initially convinced of the viability of Beck 's idea , but allowed the inventor to continue developing the product . The 1973 oil crisis greatly increased the price of plastics derived from oil . This prompted Geobra Brandstätter to consider products that generated more revenue for less plastic raw material than the hula-hoops and other large toys they had been producing . Beck 's figurines offered a possible solution . The company commissioned Beck to develop a series of figures with interchangeable parts . `` Playmobil is a toy that does n't impose specific play patterns on children , '' Beck has remarked , `` but rather stimulates their imagination . '' In 1974 , the company put the series on show in its display rooms . Visitors were initially reluctant to accept the toy . The toy was shown at that year 's International Toy Fair in Nuremberg . It proved popular with children . A Dutch firm subsequently agreed to buy a whole year 's production . Playmobil began to be sold worldwide in 1975 . The first Playmobil sets were of Native Americans , construction workers and knights . Beck once mentioned in an interview that a jumbo jet , alien figures , and dinosaurs should never be introduced as Playmobil sets , but all three have since been released as Playmobil products . After training a group of product designers to take his place , Beck retired in 1998 , just prior to the 25th birthday of the introduction of Playmobil . During the World Expo 2000 in Hannover , Beck was among the 100 German personalities who were honored with a statue within the German Pavilion . He died at the age of 79 on 30 January 2009 after a serious illness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b488482fc1c647517b934e73bcc7d1", "text": "Whisker Haven Whisker Haven Tales with the Palace Pets ( also abbreviated as Whisker Haven Tales or simply Whisker Haven ) is an American animated short series animated and produced by Ghostbot Studios and Disney Publishing , created and developed by Thomas the Tank Engine creator Britt Allcroft . It is based on Disney 's Palace Pets toyline , which in turn , is a spinoff of the Disney Princess Franchise . The series is directed by Alan Lau and written by Shea Fontana . The series launched on the Disney Junior Watch App and then aired on Disney Junior . The animated shorts are now available through the accompanying app , `` Palace Pets in Whisker Haven '' which also includes activities and games featuring the Palace Pets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f20b175428d8f20aa49be7fa876ed209", "text": "The Toronto Song `` The Toronto Song '' is a comedy song by Canadian comedy group Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie . It is one of many songs ( including `` The White House Burned ( The War of 1812 ) '' ) the Trolls recorded that are often mistakenly attributed to The Arrogant Worms . Originally on the Con Troupo Comedius cassette tape , `` The Toronto Song '' also appears on the CD Skit Happens , a greatest hits collection of Three Dead Trolls skits . Before the tape , the song had spread across Canada but most listeners did n't know the song 's name . It was ( and still is ) often believed to be called `` Toronto Sucks '' , `` The Ontario Song '' , or `` Ontario Sucks '' . The song starts with the Trolls ( who are from Edmonton , Alberta ) saying how much they hate the city of Toronto , its people , shanty towns , and landmarks . They then realize they hate all of Ontario , and finally all of Canada ( minus Alberta , but including Calgary ) . The criticisms of other parts of Canada range from practical ( `` Prince Edward Island is too small '' ) to absurd ( `` Manitoba 's population density is 1.9 people per square kilometre . Is n't that stupid ? '' ) . The song is primarily poking fun at the popular Canadian activity of insulting Toronto and to a lesser extent Albertan pride and the Edmonton-Calgary rivalry . The song was recorded with only a couple guitars . Later , a remake of the song , entitled `` The Toronto Song 2001 '' , had a full band performing the music and included a guitar solo and different banter . It was featured in the mockumentary film Let 's All Hate Toronto . One minor error in the song is a mention of `` the Ontario Zoo '' , which does not exist . Toronto does have a zoo , but it is called the Toronto Zoo . This is corrected in the 2001 remake where the lyric is changed to `` Metro Zoo '' ( the zoo was originally called the `` Metropolitan Toronto Zoo '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae99e7fe3bdd0b46056ce3961923d55c", "text": "Muddle Earth Muddle Earth is a children 's novel by Paul Stewart , published in 2003 , and illustrated by Chris Riddell . It is largely a parody of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien . Like LOTR it is divided into three sections : Englebert the Enormous , Here Be Dragons and Doctor Cuddles of Giggle Glade . In 2011 a sequel titled Muddle Earth Too was published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56dd45dd64d8893b21101e84c346b9d8", "text": "Dollhouse A dollhouse or doll 's house is a toy home made in miniature . For the last century , dollhouses have primarily been the domain of children but their collection and crafting is also a hobby for many adults . The term dollhouse is used commonly in the United States and Canada . In the UK ( United Kingdom ) the term dolls ' house or dollshouse is used . Today 's dollhouses trace their history back about four hundred years to the baby house display cases of Europe , which showed idealized interiors . Smaller dollhouses with more realistic exteriors appeared in Europe in the 18th century . Early dollhouses were all handmade , but following the Industrial Revolution and World War II , they were increasingly mass-produced and became more standardized and affordable . Dollhouses can range from simple boxes stacked together used as rooms for play , up to multimillion-dollar structures displayed in museums . Contemporary children 's play dollhouses are mostly in 1:18 ( or 2/3 '' ) scale , while 1:12 ( or 1 '' ) scale is common for dollhouses made for adult collectors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8511b0969678e10b0f32d5c63902751c", "text": "Troll (disambiguation) A troll is a mythological creature . Troll may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0800cca6a48f31a17b1ef25f38600a", "text": "Fredmans epistlar Fredmans epistlar ( English : Fredman 's Epistles or Epistles of Fredman ) is a collection of 82 poems set to music by Carl Michael Bellman , a major figure in Swedish 18th century song . Though first published in 1790 , it was created over a period of twenty years from 1768 onwards . A companion volume , Fredmans sånger ( Fredman 's Songs ) was published the following year . The Epistles vary widely in style and effect , from Rococo-themed pastorale with a cast of gods and demigods from classical antiquity to laments for the effects of Brännvin-drinking , tavern-scenes , and apparent improvisations . The lyrics , based on the lives of Bellman 's contemporaries in Gustavian-age Sweden , describe a gallery of fictional and semi-fictional characters and events taking place in Stockholm . Jean Fredman , an alcoholic former watchmaker , is the central character and fictional narrator . The `` soliloquy '' of Epistle 23 , a description of Fredman lying drunk in the gutter and then recovering in the Crawl-In Tavern , was described by Oscar Levertin as `` the to-be-or-not-to-be of Swedish literature '' . Ulla Winblad , based on one of Bellman 's friends , is the chief of the fictional `` nymphs '' . She is half goddess , half prostitute , a key figure among the demimonde characters of Fredman 's Epistles . The Epistles are admired for the way that their poetry and music fit so well together . Bellman chose not to compose the tunes , instead borrowing and adapting existing melodies , most likely to exploit the humour of contrasting the associations of well-known tunes with the meanings he gave them . This may also have been intended to provide historical depth to his work ; he sometimes devoted considerable energy to adapting melodies to fit an Epistle 's needs . Many of the Epistles have remained culturally significant in Scandinavia , especially in Sweden . They are widely sung and recorded : by choirs such as the Orphei Drängar , by professional solo singers such as Fred Åkerström and Cornelis Vreeswijk , and by ensemble singers such as Sven-Bertil Taube and William Clauson . The Epistles have been translated into German , French , English , Russian , Polish , Finnish , Italian and Dutch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8294e17dc3d142424a75904cb553abf7", "text": "Slappy the Dummy Slappy the Dummy is a fictional character and antagonist in the Goosebumps children 's series by R. L. Stine . He is one of the series ' most popular villains and the main antagonist of the Night of the Living Dummy saga . He is also the main antagonist of the Goosebumps movie . He is a Ventriloquist 's Doll that comes alive by these words , `` Karru Marri Odonna Loma Malunu Karrano '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f0f319438d16661c958d3bc04b006f8", "text": "The Bourne Supremacy (film) The Bourne Supremacy is a 2004 American-German action spy thriller film starring Robert Ludlum 's Jason Bourne character . Though it takes the name of the second Bourne novel , its plot is entirely different . The film was directed by Paul Greengrass from a screenplay by Tony Gilroy . Universal Pictures released the film to theaters in the United States on July 23 , 2004 . It is the second in the Jason Bourne film series . It is preceded by The Bourne Identity ( 2002 ) and followed by The Bourne Ultimatum ( 2007 ) , The Bourne Legacy ( 2012 ) , and Jason Bourne ( 2016 ) . The Bourne Supremacy continues the story of Jason Bourne , a former CIA assassin suffering from psychogenic amnesia . Bourne is portrayed by Matt Damon . The film focuses on his attempt to learn more of his past as he is once more enveloped in a conspiracy involving the CIA and Operation Treadstone . The film also stars Brian Cox as Ward Abbott , Joan Allen as Pamela Landy and Julia Stiles as Nicky Parsons .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7c60f677bcea41af0aaabbd40f4015a7", "text": "Breeding back Breeding back is a form of artificial selection by the deliberate selective breeding of domestic animals , in an attempt to achieve an animal breed with a phenotype that resembles a wildtype ancestor , usually one that is extinct . Breeding back is not to be confused with dedomestication . It must be kept in mind that a breeding-back breed may be very similar to the extinct wild type in phenotype , ecological niche , and to some extent genetics , but the initial gene pool of that wild type is lost forever with its extinction . It is not truly possible for a breeding back attempt to actually recreate an extinct wild type that is the breeding target , as an extinct wild type can not be resurrected via selective breeding alone . Furthermore , even the outward authenticity of a bred-back type depends on the quality of the stock used as the foundation of the project . As a result , some breeds , like Heck cattle , are at best a vague look-alike of the extinct wildtype aurochs , according to the literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb52cdabd6988b176a80423735c43e1", "text": "Infanticide (zoology) In animals , infanticide involves the killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species , and is studied in zoology , specifically in the field of ethology . Ovicide is the analogous destruction of eggs . The practice has been observed in many other species throughout the animal kingdom , especially primates ( primate infanticide ) . These include microscopic rotifers , insects , fish , amphibians , birds and mammals . Infanticide can be practiced by both males and females . Infanticide caused by sexual conflict has the general theme of the killer ( often male ) becoming the new sexual partner of the victim 's parent , which would otherwise be unavailable . This represents a gain in fitness by the killer , and a loss in fitness by the parents of the offspring killed . This is a type of evolutionary struggle between the two sexes , in which the victim sex may have counter-adaptations that reduce the success of this practice . It may also occur for other reasons , such as the struggle for food between females . In this case individuals may even kill closely related offspring . Filial infanticide occurs when a parent kills its own offspring . This sometimes involves consumption of the young themselves , which is termed filial cannibalism . The behavior is widespread in fishes , and is seen in terrestrial animals as well . Human infanticide has been recorded in almost every culture . A unique aspect of human infanticide is sex-selective infanticide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8084eb4eea064e3be500ee444b78074b", "text": "Robert Bourne (politician) Robert Croft Bourne ( 15 July 1888 -- 7 August 1938 ) was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics , and a Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1924 to 1938 . Bourne was born at Bodington , London the son Gilbert Charles Bourne who had rowed in the winning Oxford crews in the Boat Race of 1882 and 1883 . As a child , Bourne lost the sight of one eye in a game of rounders at school . He was educated at Eton College where he won the School Sculling in 1906 , and then at New College , Oxford . At Oxford , he stroked the winning Oxford boats in the Boat Race in 1909 , 1910 , 1911 and 1912 , being president in the last two years . He also won the University Sculls in 1910 and the University Fours in 1911 and went head of the river in 1911-12 . He was the strokeman of the New College eight which won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics . He was a member of the winning crew in the Stewards ' Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta in 1912 , 1913 and 1914 . Bourne became a barrister . In the First World War , he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Herefordshire Regiment . He had one hand crippled and a lung seriously injured at Suvla Bay in the Dardanelles in August 1915 . As he had only one good eye moved from active service to the Claims Commission . In 1920 he became J.P. for Herefordshire and in 1921 a member of the city council . Bourne was elected Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Oxford at a by-election in June 1924 , and served as a Deputy Speaker of the Commons from 1931 . He died in office in August 1938 aged 50 , suddenly dropping dead while walking on the moors near Strontian , Argyll . At the subsequent by-election the seat was held for the Conservatives by Quintin Hogg . Bourne married Lady Hester Margaret Cairns , daughter of Wilfred Cairns , 4th Earl Cairns on 7 June 1917 . They lived at Fyfield Manor , Abingdon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6179b0035969aa5d8fabf24519e5afa1", "text": "Mobbing (animal behavior) Mobbing in animals is an antipredator adaptation in which individuals of prey species mob a predator by cooperatively attacking or harassing it , usually to protect their offspring . A simple definition of mobbing is an assemblage of individuals around a potentially dangerous predator . This is most frequently seen in birds , though it is also known to occur in many other animals such as the meerkat . While mobbing has evolved independently in many species , it only tends to be present in those whose young are frequently preyed upon . This behavior may complement cryptic adaptations in the offspring themselves , such as camouflage and hiding . Mobbing calls may be used to summon nearby individuals to cooperate in the attack . Konrad Lorenz , in his book On Aggression ( 1966 ) , attributed mobbing among birds and animals to instincts rooted in the Darwinian struggle to survive . In his view , humans are subject to similar innate impulses but capable of bringing them under rational control ( see mobbing ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6066b4859cadf94f40a8d32a4307cd3", "text": "The Bourne Betrayal (film)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d1e0ac8cf271cc92af1abc8d5277016", "text": "Mating connection A mating connection is any method of assembling of two or more component parts with mutually complementing shapes that , with some imagination , resembles the way two animals , male and female , are physically connected during the act of mating . In such connections one of the two components acts as male and the other as female , although more complex relationships exist . Any electrical connector , bolted joint , and jigsaw puzzle is an example of assembling based on mating connection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41ab8e259b6546b0f64d99432277774e", "text": "Male pregnancy Male pregnancy is the incubation of one or more embryos or fetuses by male members of some species . In nearly all heterogamous animal species , offspring are ordinarily carried by the female until birth , but in fish of the Syngnathidae family ( pipefish , seahorses and the leafy seadragon ) , males perform this function . There are different ideas concerning whether a human male could become pregnant , and , by some definitions of gender identity , human men have become pregnant . Male humans incubating fetuses are also a recurring theme in speculative fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add3d88437416da7f0939c57c424e879", "text": "The Territorial Imperative The Territorial Imperative : A Personal Inquiry Into the Animal Origins of Property and Nations , usually referred to as The Territorial Imperative , is a 1966 nonfiction work by Robert Ardrey . It describes the evolutionarily determined instinct among humans toward territoriality and the implications of this territoriality in human meta-phenomena such as property ownership and nation building . The Territorial Imperative extended Ardrey 's groundbreaking anthropological work , contributed to the development of the science of ethology , and encouraged an increasing public interest in human origins . The Territorial Imperative is the second book in Robert Ardrey 's Nature of Man Series . It is preceded by African Genesis and followed by The Social Contract , and The Hunting Hypothesis . It was illustrated by Ardrey 's wife , the South African actress and illustrator Berdine Ardrey ( née Grunewald ) . Ardrey dedicated The Territorial Imperative to Henry Eliot Howard , who was noted for being one of the first to describe in detail the territoriality behaviors in birds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45a638c064ad8c3b91f2ac46a0939c8d", "text": "Mating call A mating call is the auditory signal used by animals to attract mates . It can occur in males or females , but literature is abundantly favored toward researching mating calls in males . In addition , mating calls are often the subject of mate choice , in which the preferences of one gender for a certain type of mating call can drive sexual selection in a species . This can result in sympatric speciation of some animals , where two species diverge from each other while living in the same environment . There are many different mechanisms to produce mating calls , which can be broadly categorized into vocalizations and mechanical calls . Vocalizations are considered as sounds produced by the larynx and are often seen in species of birds , mammals , amphibians , and insects . Mechanical calls refer to any other type of sound that the animal produces using unique body parts and/or tools for communication with potential mates . Examples include crickets that vibrate their wings , birds that flap their feathers , and frogs that use an air sac instead of lungs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2d076fd77a69d860d9a7b256bae43b", "text": "The Mating Season The Mating Season may refer to : Mating season , the seasonal period when a female animal 's estrous cycle is active , signaling animals to mate The Mating Season ( novel ) , a Jeeves and Wooster novel by P. G. Wodehouse The Mating Season ( film ) , a 1951 American comedy The Mating Season ( 1966 film ) , a Hong Kong Shaw Brothers film The Mating Season ( 1980 film ) , a TV comedy film starring Lucie Arnaz filmed at The Mountain Camp & Conference Center , Highlands , NC The Mating Season ( play ) , a comedy by Sam Cree whose lead actor in a 1976 revival , Sid James , died on stage `` The Mating Season '' , an episode of the American TV sitcom The Crew", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da106573fbb7e2da01294c803954d891", "text": "Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star . Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1f006ddc8b612c2c11cbec65fb9825f", "text": "Australian Charbray The Australian Charbray is a beef breed of cattle that is the result of the blending of two breeds , the Charolais and the Brahman . The Australian Charbray is within the range of 75 % and 25 % Charolais and Brahman , either way . The hump of the Brahman is often almost non-existent , but the loose skin and enlarged dewlap are indications of the Bos indicus blood in this breed . The Charbray is a large breed that is heavily muscled in the loin and quarters . They have been well accepted in those areas where cattle carrying at least some Brahman breeding are desired because of hot and humid conditions . An Australian Charbray is cream to light red coloured . The calves are generally light tan when born but may lighten to a creamy white in a few weeks . The bull is structurally sound and has the ability to travel the distances required of bulls , even in hot humid environments . It has been selected for clean , tight sheaths , fertility and early testicular development . The Charbray female is also early maturing , reaching puberty at 14 -- 17 months and calving at or near two years of age with rapid rebreeding and good milk production . The Australian Charbrays have performed very well in weight gain trials including Aus-Meat National Livestock Feedback Trials and in hoof and hook competitions . Charbray calves show excellent performance in the feedlot . Their resistance to heat , humidity , parasites and diseases is to their benefit in southern feedlots . They grow rapidly and have outstanding feed converting ability . They reach slaughter weights at 12 to 15 months and produce lean , yield grade 1 and 2 carcasses that require little or no fat trimming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c7f31cb3e87046f9a4c6f858f68f2b9", "text": "Sexual selection in birds Sexual selection in birds concerns how birds have evolved a variety of mating behaviors , with the peacock tail being perhaps the most famous example of sexual selection and the Fisherian runaway . Commonly occurring sexual dimorphisms such as size and color differences are energetically costly attributes that signal competitive breeding situations . Many types of avian sexual selection have been identified ; intersexual selection , also known as female choice ; and intrasexual competition , where individuals of the more abundant sex compete with each other for the privilege to mate . Sexually selected traits often evolve to become more pronounced in competitive breeding situations until the trait begins to limit the individual 's fitness . Conflicts between an individual fitness and signaling adaptations ensure that sexually selected ornaments such as plumage coloration and courtship behavior are `` honest '' traits . Signals must be costly to ensure that only good-quality individuals can present these exaggerated sexual ornaments and behaviors . Bird species often demonstrate intersexual selection , perhaps because - due to their lightweight body structures - fights between males may be ineffective or impractical . Therefore , male birds commonly use the following methods to try to seduce the females : Colour : Some species have ornate , diverse , and often colourful feathers . Song : Male birdsong provides an important way of protecting territory ( intrasexual selection ) . Nest construction : In some species , males build nests that females subject to rigorous inspection , choosing the male that makes the most attractive nest . Dance : Males dance in front of females . Cranes provide a well-known example . In some bird species , both the male and the female contribute a great deal to offspring-care . In these cases , the male and female will be continuously assessing each other based on sexual characteristics . In the blue-footed booby , the females tend to choose males with brighter blue feet , because birds with brighter feet are younger , and thus have greater fertility and ability to provide paternal care . When researchers put make-up on the males ' feet to make them look duller after the laying of the first eggs , their mates consequently laid smaller second eggs , which shows that female boobies continuously evaluate their mates ' reproductive value . Males also vary their behaviour based on the females ' foot colour . Males mated to females with brighter feet are more willing to incubate their eggs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8fea44713efced5901aa82aadf13f3", "text": "First Kill (2017 film) First Kill is an upcoming American action thriller film directed by Steven C. Miller and written by Nick Gordon . The film stars Bruce Willis and Hayden Christensen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f21699dc21f1a69a7fbf4012e61f6ef7", "text": "Aggregation (ethology) In ethology , an aggregation is any form of gathering of organisms and the process of coming together . In some forms groups of unrelated species might form , in which interaction between members of the aggregation might be minimal ; for example herds of grazing zebra and antelopes might combine , both the better to observe the approach of predators , and to improve the odds of escape in the event of attack by predators . Sometimes there might be some interaction , such as mixed flocks of birds that observe each other 's foraging behaviour in searching for food . Sometimes there might be quite orderly common action , such as the queuing up for a resource ; for example different species of fishes may aggregate around a cleaning station where cleaner wrasse and cleaner shrimp are active , more or less taking turns for attention . Such aggregations , where there is no particular association of species or sizes , may be referred to loosely as unstructured aggregations . Commonly they are very temporary and may be loose , with flocks or herds associating casually and separating equally casually within hours . Structured aggregations tend to be longer-term and of a specific life-cycle function and context . Typically , though not necessarily , they will be of a single species . Often they will be of a single age and possibly of a single sex , such as shoals of fish fry that have specific ecological requirements that are not compatible with those of the mature species . One class of such aggregations comprises groups of adult , but immature `` bachelor '' males of elephants , seals , lions and other animals in which the mature herd will not tolerate males that would begin to compete with the dominant males . Another is when aposematic larvae of certain insects such as some Lepidoptera and Hemiptera form a flock that feed together and may migrate in `` processions '' until they are mature after which some kinds disperse . Most species of migrating birds and mammals flock on a large scale , partly for protection and partly for greater reliability of navigation . In some species of Hemiptera the adults remain with their aggregated immature offspring , sometimes in protective roles . The range of functions is very wide in detail , but among the more important classes of function are security against predators , success in food location , wide range of mate choice , with concomitant increase of outbreeding opportunities , location with other members of the same species ( sometimes adherence to separate communities can almost amount to parapatric residence when say , different communities of rats or chimpanzees have violent mutual antipathy ) . There also are various forms of educational function , such as in some species where the young must learn the correct mate recognition skills , and in highly intelligent species such as crows and elephants , must learn the necessary social skills and the necessary traditional foraging techniques in their region . Aggregation activities are not restricted to the animal kingdom ; for one example , a fundamental class of aggregations occurs in the various groups of slime molds , in which separate cells actually aggregate in the process of constructing their reproductive structure . Category : Ethology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b06641c2bfcb672c4010d0f7197fec3f", "text": "Clasper In biology , a clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals , used in mating . Male cartilaginous fish have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve as intromittent organs used to channel semen into the female 's cloaca during mating . The act of mating in some fish including sharks usually includes one of the claspers raised to allow water into the siphon through a specific orifice . The clasper is then inserted into the cloaca , where it opens like an umbrella to anchor its position . The siphon then begins to contract expelling water and sperm . Male chimaeras have cephalic claspers ( tenacula ) on their heads , which are thought to aid in holding the female during mating . In entomology , it is a structure in male insects that is used to hold the female during copulation ( see Lepidoptera genitalia for more ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1871f60881d7736f68f8b1c0141e02dc", "text": "Bullshot (film) Bullshot is a 1983 film , based on the stage play Bullshot Crummond . The name comes from a parody of the 1929 film , on which it is loosely based , Bulldog Drummond . Captain Hugh `` Bullshot '' Crummond ( Alan Shearman ) is a World War I fighter pilot , Olympic athlete , racing driver , and part-time sleuth . He must save the world from the dastardly Count Otto van Bruno ( Ronald E. House ) , his wartime adversary , and win the heart of the damsel in distress ( Diz White ) . The film was produced by George Harrison 's company Handmade Films . Alan Shearman would reprise his association with Handmade Films in their 1985 film Water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fe5f46a637736082c71f54a4d638d7c", "text": "Sperm competition Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction . Competition can occur when females have multiple potential mating partners . Greater choice and variety of mates increases a female 's chance to produce more viable offspring . However , multiple mates for a female means an individual male has decreased chances of producing offspring . Sperm competition is an evolutionary pressure on males , and has led to the development of adaptations to increase males ' chance of reproductive success . Sperm competition results in a sexual conflict of interest between males and females . Males have evolved several defensive tactics including : mate-guarding , mating plugs , and releasing toxic seminal substances to reduce female re-mating tendencies to cope with sperm competition . Offensive tactics of sperm competition involve direct interference by one male on the reproductive success of another male , for instance by physically removing another male 's sperm prior to mating with a female . For an example , see Gryllus bimaculatus . Sperm competition is often compared to having tickets in a raffle ; a male has a better chance of winning ( i.e. fathering offspring ) the more tickets he has ( i.e. the more sperm he inseminates a female with ) . However , sperm are not free to produce , and as such males are predicted to produce sperm of a size and number that will maximize their success in sperm competition . By making many spermatozoa , males can buy more `` raffle tickets '' , and it is thought that selection for numerous sperm has contributed to the evolution of anisogamy with very small sperm ( because of the energy trade-off between sperm size and number ) . Alternatively , a male may evolve faster sperm to enable his sperm to reach and fertilize the female 's ovum first . Dozens of adaptations have been documented in males that help them succeed in sperm competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65783941069a658d9fe203b76563b1e8", "text": "Pecking order Pecking order or peck order is the colloquial term for the hierarchical system of social organisation . It was first described by Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe in 1921 under the German terms Hackordnung or Hackliste and introduced into English in 1927 . The original use of pecking order referred to the expression of dominance in chickens . Dominance in chickens is asserted by various behaviours , including pecking , which was used by Schjelderup-Ebbe as a measure of dominance and leadership order . In his 1924 German-language article , he noted that `` defense and aggression in the hen is accomplished with the beak '' . This emphasis on pecking led many subsequent studies on fowl behaviour to use it as a primary observation , however , it has been noted that roosters tend to leap and use their claws in conflicts . The term dominance hierarchy is often used for this type of social organisation in other animals . Pecking order is a basic concept in social stratification and social hierarchy that has its counterparts in other animal species , including humans , although the term `` pecking order '' is often used synonymously .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad18a7f50a5ec695dd0ceabca059f0a8", "text": "Craig Ferguson Craig Ferguson ( born 17 May 1962 ) is a Scottish-American television host , comedian , and actor . He is the host of both the syndicated game show Celebrity Name Game ( 2014 -- 2017 ) , for which he has won two Daytime Emmy Awards , and of Join or Die with Craig Ferguson ( 2016 -- ) on History . He was also the host of the CBS late-night talk show The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson ( 2005 -- 2014 ) . After starting his career in Britain with music , comedy and theatre , Ferguson moved to the United States where he found success in the role of Nigel Wick on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show ( 1996 -- 2004 ) . He has written and starred in three films , directing one of them , and has appeared in several others , including several voice-over roles for animations . Ferguson has also written two books : Between the Bridge and the River , a novel , and American on Purpose , a memoir . He was naturalised as a United States citizen in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3eeeb103b9bae526dc5ad01da368ac1", "text": "Gift of the Night Fury Gift of the Night Fury is a 2011 computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tom Owens . It was released on November 15 , 2011 , on DVD and Blu-ray , along with another original animated short film Book of Dragons . Based on How to Train Your Dragon , the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday . After all dragons inexplicably fly away , the last one of them unwittingly kidnaps Hiccup . The film stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , T.J. Miller , Kristen Wiig , and Christopher Mintz-Plasse .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b5cea54b83e71e133a0216eff212fe05", "text": "Earl Hammond Earl Hammond ( June 16 , 1921 -- May 1 , 2002 ) was an American theater , radio , film and television actor , and , in his later years , a voice actor for several animated films and TV series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fbd789e748a57dc45512908e44e1e0d", "text": "Ryan O'Quinn Ryan O'Quinn ( born March 6 , 1972 ) is an American television , film and voice actor , author and comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09109252fc83a6803dd86f19de21bac3", "text": "Tim Rooney Timothy Hayes Yule ( January 4 , 1947 -- September 23 , 2006 ) , better known as Tim Rooney , was an American actor and voice actor . He was the second son of actor Mickey Rooney and suffered from a muscle disease known as dermatomyositis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cde16ebe9943bc2be0e284e4160e740", "text": "Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f9766c8f5302771a3f8da4c33adafae", "text": "Paul Garner Paul Albert `` Mousie '' Garner ( July 31 , 1909 -- August 8 , 2004 ) was an American actor . Garner earned his nickname by assuming the role of a shy , simpering jokester . Garner was one of the last actors still doing shtick from vaudeville , and has been referred to as `` The Grand Old Man Of Vaudeville . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "653faab8dcce09caaa7a333b036651a5", "text": "Fury (TV series) Fury ( retitled Brave Stallion in syndicated reruns ) is an American western television series that aired on NBC from 1955 to 1960 . It stars Peter Graves as Jim Newton , who operates the Broken Wheel Ranch in California ; Bobby Diamond as Jim 's adopted son , Joey Clark Newton , and William Fawcett as ranch hand Pete Wilkey . Roger Mobley co-starred in the two final seasons as Homer `` Packy '' Lambert , a friend of Joey 's . The frequent introduction to the show depicts the beloved stallion running inside the corral and approaching the camera as the announcer reads : `` FURY ! . . The story of a horse . . and a boy who loves him . '' Fury is the first American series produced originally by Television Programs of America and later by the British-based company ITC Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2cca2fdf37d7ca4820eccab07381042", "text": "Peter Stormare Rolf Peter Ingvar Storm ( born 27 August 1953 ) , known professionally as Peter Stormare ( -LSB- ˈpeːtɛr ² stɔrːmarɛ -RSB- ) , is a Swedish actor , voice actor , theatre director , playwright , and musician . He played Gaear Grimsrud in the 1996 film Fargo , John Abruzzi in the Fox series Prison Break and Ingmar in Swedish Dicks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e62d967ec6abb996c7ab7bbae9de7cc", "text": "Rob Mungle Robert Louis Mungle ( born October 19 , 1967 in Houston , Texas ) is a voice actor for Funimation , ADV Films , Seraphim Digital/Sentai Filmworks , and OkraTron 5000 . He is also a stand-up comedian , having been known as The Reverend .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "110727dade61959bf82d1d476c82aa31", "text": "The Gift (Star Trek: Voyager) __ NOTOC __ `` The Gift '' is the second episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Voyager , the 70th episode overall . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS Voyager after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation . The episode marks the last appearance of Kes until the season six episode , `` Fury . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36", "text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f3dd579236615f15cb5715efba2aed", "text": "Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432dfa22330ee8ddb91b195bf4605867", "text": "Ultimate Nick Fury General Nicholas Joseph `` Nick '' Fury is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics ' Ultimate Marvel section as a different version of Nick Fury . He has a substantial presence in all the Ultimate Marvel comics , appearing first in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up and Ultimate X-Men and later reappearing regularly in Ultimate Spider-Man and finally securing a regular , recurring role as the general of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the leader of the Ultimates , a re-imagining of the Avengers . His character was redesigned to look like Samuel L. Jackson , the actor who later went on to portray Nick Fury in several Marvel movies and television shows set in the established Marvel Cinematic Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ddd89ad4332ca1fe1a03b7e1d9022a", "text": "Erik Dellums Erik Todd Dellums ( born September 23 , 1964 ) is an American actor , voice actor , and narrator . He is perhaps best known for his voice roles as the radio DJ Three-Dog in the 2008 video game Fallout 3 and the main antagonist , Prince Arcann in the 2015 expansion to Star Wars : The Old Republic called ` Knights of the Fallen Empire ' , as well as a minor voice acting role as Dark Brotherhood member Nazir in The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a18c593be7895a91c672f181046a37b9", "text": "Mikey Kelley Michael `` Mikey '' Kelley ( November 14 , 1973 ) is an American voice actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcbddb654e5b79d836e2b9454ea80a5c", "text": "Reynaldo Rey Reynaldo Rey ( born Harry Reynolds ; January 27 , 1940 -- May 28 , 2015 ) was an American actor , comedian , and television personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7889cc78b0d7f2d0bc2053e889cfacf8", "text": "John Zacherle John Zacherle ( -LSB- ˈzækərliː -RSB- ; sometimes credited as John Zacherley ; September 26 , 1918 -- October 27 , 2016 ) was an American television host , radio personality , and voice actor . He was best known for his long career as a television horror host , often broadcasting horror movies in Philadelphia and New York City in the 1950s and 1960s . Best known for his character of `` Roland/Zacherley , '' he also did voice work for movies , and recorded the top ten novelty rock and roll song `` Dinner With Drac '' in 1958 . He also edited two collections of horror stories , Zacherley 's Vulture Stew and Zacherley 's Midnight Snacks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65b2944eef7c113704188b86a5788ced", "text": "John Michael Higgins John Michael Higgins ( born February 12 , 1963 ) is an American actor and voice actor whose film credits include Christopher Guest 's mockumentaries , the role of David Letterman in HBO 's The Late Shift , and a starring role in the American version of Kath & Kim . He portrayed Peter Lovett in the TV Land original sitcom Happily Divorced , and provided the voice of Iknik Blackstone Varrick in The Legend of Korra . He currently stars in the NBC sitcom Great News as Chuck Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018cc4d9fa416b829115f54ee978d8f4", "text": "James Remar William James Remar ( born December 31 , 1953 ) , is an American actor and voice actor . He played Richard , the on-off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall 's character in Sex and the City , Ajax in The Warriors ( 1979 ) , homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat : Annihilation ( 1997 ) , Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries , Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street ( 1994 ) , and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter . Since 2009 , he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bebfe960524c5188b4ba989a110ed3b", "text": "Trevor Devall Trevor Devall ' ( born November 10 , 1972 ) is a Canadian voice actor , actor and podcaster . He worked for Ocean Studios and various other studios in Vancouver , Canada for years , before he relocated to Los Angeles , California in 2013 . He is best known for voicing Rocket Raccoon in the animated TV series Guardians of the Galaxy , Pyro in X-Men Evolution , Dukey in seasons 5 and 6 of Johnny Test , and various characters in the Netflix original series F Is for Family , as well as providing voices in English-language versions of various anime series , most notably as Mu La Flaga from Mobile Suit Gundam SEED , Mukotsu from InuYasha , Scourge from Transformers : Cybertron , Mr. Chang from Black Lagoon , and Aizawa from Death Note . He also voiced Hermiod on Stargate Atlantis and Ravus Nox Fleuret in the Final Fantasy XV video game and Kingsglaive : Final Fantasy XV feature film . On camera , he played Sir Atticus Moon in Big Time Movie . Between 2007 and 2013 , Trevor hosted his own podcast Voiceprint with Trevor Devall and guests '' where he interviewed fellow Canadian voice actors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bdfc7df143e8b8b020e55d247b5dd1bf", "text": "Motorola Motorola ( -LSB- ˌmoʊtəˈroʊlə -RSB- ) was an American multinational telecommunications company founded on September 25 , 1928 , based in Schaumburg , Illinois . After having lost $ 4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009 , the company was divided into two independent public companies , Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4 , 2011 . Motorola Solutions is generally considered to be the direct successor to Motorola , as the reorganization was structured with Motorola Mobility being spun off . Motorola Mobility was acquired by Lenovo in 2014 . Motorola designed and sold wireless network equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers . Motorola 's home and broadcast network products included set-top boxes , digital video recorders , and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting , computer telephony , and high-definition television . Its business and government customers consisted mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems ( used to build private networks ) , and public safety communications systems like Astro and Dimetra . These businesses ( except for set-top boxes and cable modems ) are now part of Motorola Solutions . Google sold Motorola Home ( the former General Instrument cable businesses ) to the Arris Group in December 2012 for US$ 2.35 billion . Motorola 's wireless telephone handset division was a pioneer in cellular telephones . Also known as the Personal Communication Sector ( PCS ) prior to 2004 , it pioneered the `` mobile phone '' with DynaTAC , `` flip phone '' with the MicroTAC as well as the `` clam phone '' with the StarTAC in the mid-1990s . It had staged a resurgence by the mid-2000s with the RAZR , but lost market share in the second half of that decade . Later it focused on smartphones using Google 's open-source Android mobile operating system . The first phone to use the newest version of Google 's open source OS , Android 2.0 , was released on November 2 , 2009 as the Motorola Droid ( the GSM version launched a month later , in Europe , as the Motorola Milestone ) . The handset division ( along with cable set-top boxes and cable modems ) was later spun off into the independent Motorola Mobility . On May 22 , 2012 , Google CEO Larry Page announced that Google had closed on its deal to acquire Motorola Mobility . On January 29 , 2014 , Page announced that pending closure of the deal , Motorola Mobility would be acquired by Chinese technology company Lenovo for US$ 2.91 billion ( subject to certain adjustments ) . On October 30 , 2014 , Lenovo finalized its purchase of Motorola Mobility from Google .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "27f701b9ff8d05f86b69dcf203532fad", "text": "Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras . The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization . The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor . Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "219a3456b45cb3d22affd1e1eb795122", "text": "Extended Data Services Extended Data Services ( now XDS , previously EDS ) , is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard CEA-608-E for the delivery of any ancillary data ( metadata ) to be sent with an analog television program , or any other NTSC video signal . XDS is used by TV stations , TV networks , and TV program syndication distributors in the USA for several purposes . Here are some of the most common uses of XDS : The `` autoclock '' system delivers time data via an XDS `` Time-of-Day Packet '' for automatically setting the clock of newer TVs & VCRs sold in the USA . Most PBS stations provide this service . Rudimentary program information which can be displayed on-screen , such as the name and remaining time of the program , Station identification , V-chip content ratings data . XDS is also used by the American TV network ABC for their Network Alert System ( NAS ) . NAS is a one-way communication system used by ABC to inform and alert their local affiliate stations across the USA of information regarding ABC 's network programming ( such as program timings & changes , news special report information , etc. ) , using a special decoder manufactured for ABC by EEG Enterprises , a manufacturer of related equipment for the TV broadcast industry such as closed captioning and general-purpose XDS encoders . The CBS Television Network uses a similar method to transmit three separate internal messaging services to stations : one for programming departments , one for master control operations , and one for newsrooms . Many standard definition receivers produced by Dish Network encode XDS data into their output signal . Data encoded includes time of day , program name , program description , program time remaining , channel identification , and content rating . This data is obtained from the satellite service 's EPG and replaces any data which may have been present when the signal was uplinked . XDS uses the same line in the vertical blanking interval as closed captioning ( NTSC line 21 ) , and shares the available second video field bandwidth with the closed captioning channels CC3 and CC4 , and with the text channels TXT3 and TXT4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea284b7e66b9a3211bb0f2b9997f58f", "text": "Motorola MicroTAC The Motorola MicroTAC was a cellular phone first manufactured as an analog version in 1989 . GSM-compatible and TDMA/Dual-Mode versions were introduced in 1994 . The MicroTAC introduced an innovative new `` flip '' design , where the `` mouthpiece '' folded over the keypad , although the `` mouthpiece '' was actually located in the base of the phone , along with the ringer . This set the standard and became the model for modern flip phones today . Its predecessor was the much larger Motorola DynaTAC and it was succeeded by the Motorola StarTAC in 1996 . `` TAC '' was an abbreviation of Total Area Coverage in all three models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e0e4b0b8a17f6b74d5219de57ad3c2", "text": "Proprietary DVR DVRs , or Digital Video Recorders , are devices which record video to a hard drive . The term Proprietary DVR refers to exclusive methodologies used to maintain commercial control over the DVR format and prevent third-party copying of a particular file . CCTV systems are used for the detection and recording of crime , but the analysts and law enforcement personnel who are required to obtain and process video recorded with proprietary DVRs may face problems using the proprietary format . Most established manufacturers will provide tools for law enforcement agencies to play and copy footage from such systems . The opposite of proprietary DVR is standard or PC-based DVR . ( Although , in fact , many proprietary DVR 's are PC-based devices . ) Currently there is no standard output for the security industry to follow . Because of this , analysts are forced to obtain a compatible `` player '' in order to view the video . Some proprietary DVRs are delivered to the end-user in an executable player which allows for navigation . Some require the installation of the player . Others simply require a codec to be available on the system that is playing , then it will become viewable in a common player such as Windows Media Player . Some proprietary DVR systems offer more than one output format , such as the native format as well as a standard format such as AVI . Some also offer a composite video output PAL or NTSC . Some security companies are reluctant to offer anything other than their proprietary format . Reasons cited for maintaining control over the file by impeding conversion vary , but most companies will make `` tamper resistance '' a sellable feature , while disregarding the work required of an analyst or court in order to present the video . Another selling point of proprietary DVR systems is compression . Video compression removes information in exchange for a smaller file size . Increasing compression leads to the ability to store longer periods on a disk , at the expense of sacrificing some of the detail in the images . This trade-off must be considered when attempting to balance image quality and recording time in a DVR . As storage drives become cheaper and larger , compression sacrifices are improving . A problem inherent in proprietary DVR output is accuracy . There is a good chance that the video image as viewed has an incorrect aspect ratio and/or color information . Color may be off simply due to the calibration of the monitor being used , but often color information is not recorded accurately . It is not very common to white balance security cameras unless it is done at set up . Aspect ratios may also be recorded improperly and could actually be quite distorted . Aspect ratios on some players are sometimes user-adjustable by dragging the viewer in one direction or the other . Contrary to attempts made by proprietary DVR developers , it is possible to change virtually any DVR image into another format , but it can not be done through digital conversion , such as changing an MPEG-2 to AVI . Instead it is done by intercepting the pixels sent by the proprietary DVR to the users monitor . There are a number of software available that will capture an area of a screen and generate an uncompressed file in a common format . Gradually technology is improving and DVR systems are capable of having features that analog video could never provide . One feature is the ability to store metadata , such as point of sale information . Another feature may be for an event ( movement , panic button , door/drawer opening ) to trigger a system to record at a higher resolution . Perhaps the greatest feature is the ability to navigate directly to an area of interest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75b3c12243871226c17819328bfbd9e4", "text": "Rolling shutter Rolling shutter is a method of image capture in which a still picture ( in a still camera ) or each frame of a video ( in a video camera ) is captured not by taking a snapshot of the entire scene at single instant in time but rather by scanning across the scene rapidly , either vertically or horizontally . In other words , not all parts of the image of the scene are recorded at exactly the same instant . ( Though , during playback , the entire image of the scene is displayed at once , as if it represents a single instant in time . ) This produces predictable distortions of fast-moving objects or rapid flashes of light . This is in contrast with `` global shutter '' in which the entire frame is captured at the same instant . The `` rolling shutter '' can be either mechanical or electronic . The advantage of this method is that the image sensor can continue to gather photons during the acquisition process , thus effectively increasing sensitivity . It is found on many digital still and video cameras using CMOS sensors . The effect is most noticeable when imaging extreme conditions of motion or the fast flashing of light . While some CMOS sensors use a global shutter , the majority found in the consumer market use a rolling shutter . CCDs ( charge-coupled devices ) are alternatives to CMOS sensors , which are generally more sensitive and more expensive . CCD-based cameras often use global shutters , which take a snapshot representing a single instant in time and therefore do not suffer from the motion artifacts caused by rolling shutters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a8a9cefe507f9f791b0a82df55cdcbc", "text": "Western Digital Western Digital Corporation ( commonly referred to as Western Digital and often abbreviated as WDC or WD ) is an American computer data storage company and one of the largest computer hard disk drive manufacturers in the world , along with Seagate Technology . Western Digital Corporation has a long history in the electronics industry as an integrated circuit maker and a storage products company . Western Digital was founded on April 23 , 1970 , by Alvin B. Phillips , a Motorola employee , as General Digital , initially ( and briefly ) a manufacturer of MOS test equipment . It rapidly became a speciality semiconductor maker , with start-up capital provided by several individual investors and industrial giant Emerson Electric . Around July 1971 , it adopted its current name and soon introduced its first product , the WD1402A UART .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9cc21ac93b252740840b809ab8b1d39", "text": "Tape recorder An audio tape recorder , tape deck or tape machine is an analog audio storage device that records and plays back sounds , including articulated voices , usually using magnetic tape , either wound on a reel or in a cassette , for storage . In its present-day form , it records a fluctuating signal by moving the tape across a tape head that polarizes the magnetic domains in the tape in proportion to the audio signal . Tape-recording devices include reel-to-reel tape deck and the cassette deck . The use of magnetic tape for sound recording originated around 1930 . Magnetizable tape revolutionized both the radio broadcast and music recording industries . It gave artists and producers the power to record and re-record audio with minimal loss in quality as well as edit and rearrange recordings with ease . The alternative recording technologies of the era , transcription discs and wire recorders , could not provide anywhere near this level of quality and functionality . Since some early refinements improved the fidelity of the reproduced sound , magnetic tape has been the highest quality analog sound recording medium available . As of the first decade of the 21st century , analog magnetic tape has been largely replaced by digital recording technologies for consumer purposes , although some still record audio by analog . Prior to the development of magnetic tape , magnetic wire recorders had successfully demonstrated the concept of magnetic recording , but they never offered audio quality comparable to the other recording and broadcast standards of the time . Some individuals and organizations developed innovative uses for magnetic wire recorders while others investigated variations of the technology . One particularly important variation was the application of an oxide powder to a long strip of paper . This German invention was the start of a long string of innovations that have led to present day magnetic tape recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf23a26f15fe7f631dde23c24d9ccd8", "text": "Combo television unit A Combo television unit , or a TV/VCR combo , sometimes known as a televideo , is a television with either a VCR or a DVD player built into a single unit . These converged devices have the advantages ( compared to a separate TV and VCR ) of saving space and increasing portability . Such units entered the market during the mid-to-late 1980s when VCRs had become ubiquitous household devices . By this time , the VHS format had become standard ; thus the vast majority of TV/VCR combos are VHS-based . Most combo units have RCA connecters on the front and/or back to connect a home video game console or a camcorder . Some units also have a headphone jack to watch media without disturbing others . Though nearly all TV/VCR combination sets have monaural ( mono ) sound though with stereo soundtrack compatibility , there are a large number of TV/VCR combos with a stereo TV tuner , but a mono VCR ( some may even include a mono sound input alongside a composite video input . Some models from Panasonic also included an FM tuner . A major exception to this convention is TV/DVD combos , which can have a stereo VCR included in the unit ( i.e. a TV/VCR/DVD combo ) . One of the major drawbacks of a TV/DVD/VCR combo is that the integrated VCR can sometimes activate the CSS programming on the DVD player portion , making it impossible to watch DVDs on the unit . Modern televisions tend to be mostly solid state machines , while VCRs require mechanical manipulation of VHS tape and require occasional servicing . For this reason , it is not uncommon for the VCR component to cease functioning or to become unreliable years before a similar fate befalls the television component . This leaves users with only `` half '' of the set in operation and a more expensive repair or replacement . As late as 2006 , flat-panel TVs with integrated DVD players appeared on the market , and integrated TV/DVD sets started overtaking the TV/VCR market . This is due to both the low price and overwhelming availability of DVDs and more compact form factor , as opposed to the increasingly rare video cassettes and near-extinction of cathode ray tube displays in the consumer market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a7e291437b4417ef4279ebbdeca2a00", "text": "Motorola Devour The Motorola Devour is an Internet and multimedia enabled smartphone designed by Motorola , which runs Google 's Android operating system . In the United States , the handset is distributed exclusively by Verizon Wireless . The Devour has a Hearing Aid Compatibility ( HAC ) rating of M4/T4 . Although it runs Android , the Devour was not branded or marketed as part of Verizon 's `` DROID '' series of Android smartphones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4ce9670d00c6f68fe7fa3812cf9d341", "text": "Digital movie camera Digital movie cameras for digital cinematography are digital video cameras that capture digitally rather than the historically used movie camera , which shoots on film stock . Different digital movie cameras output a variety of different acquisition formats . Cameras designed for domestic use have also been used for some low-budget independent productions . Since the beginning of the 2010s , digital movie cameras have become the dominant type of camera in the motion picture industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9673137fcc5a0287b5e8b4f033639ed5", "text": "Video Content Protection System The Video Content Protection System ( VCPS ) is a standard for digital rights management , intended to enforce protection or DVD+R / + RW content and related media . It was designed to protect video recordings broadcast terrestrially with the broadcast flag used for digital high-definition programming , but its use has been expanded to cover programming obtained in other ways , such as via cable and satellite delivery . This standard is promoted by Philips and is included in latest Scsi MMC-6 specification . The system makes use of three different classes of encryption key , one type stored on the media in a `` Disc Key Block '' , one stored in player software , and one in any hardware device that will be used to play ( and hence decrypt ) the media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876c578b6e1e9abfdf82438b6c431378", "text": "VX (videocassette format) VX was a short-lived and unsuccessful consumer analog recording videocassette format developed by Matsushita and launched in 1975 in Japan . In the US it was sold using the Quasar brand and marketed under the name `` The Great Time Machine '' to exhibit its time-shifting capabilities , since VX machines had a companion electro-mechanical clock timer for timed recording of television programs . In Japan , the VX-100 model was launched in 1975 , with the VX-2000 following in 1976 . The first and only model sold in North America was the Quasar VR-1000 ( based on the Panasonic VX-2000 ) , with the VT-100 timer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08ba68600f67474b0338447e8b1151b6", "text": "Hidden camera A hidden camera or spy camera or security camera is a still or video camera used to record people without their knowledge . The camera is `` hidden '' because it is either not visible to the subject being filmed , or is disguised as another object . Hidden cameras can be built into commonly used objects such as television sets , smoke detectors , clock radios , motion detectors , ball caps , plants , and mobile phones . Hidden cameras may be used for household surveillance and may also be used commercially or industrially as security cameras . The proliferation and lower costs of video recording devices has led to an increase in the use of hidden cameras for legitimate surveillance need , as well as for entertainment and other purposes . The use of hidden cameras raises personal privacy issues and there may be legal aspects to consider , depending on the jurisdiction in which use takes place . A hidden camera can be contrasted with CCTV , which is visible and which sometimes is accompanied with a warning notice of its presence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e966c0051535b2b986b4ba5d1bcd589", "text": "Retro (TV channel) For the US channel with a similar name , see Retro Television Network . Retro was a Latin American cable television network with classic programming that included movies and popular classic TV Series . It was owned by Turner Broadcasting System Latin America , a unit of Time Warner . Its headquarters were located in Buenos Aires , Argentina . On March 25 , 2009 Turner Broadcasting System announced the replacement of Retro by a Latin American version of the channel truTV , also owned by Turner Broadcasting System . Most of the programming from Retro is still being aired on TCM Classic Entertainment . On April 1 , 2009 at 5:30 pm Buenos Aires time , the channel aired its last show , the Robotech episode `` Symphony of Light '' . Retro was replaced by truTV at 6pm . In some countries of Latin America , some cable television companies opted to replace Retro with TCM Classic Entertainment instead of truTV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28dfdfea79740d223d94bb1e964c83a", "text": "Media Foundation Media Foundation ( MF ) is a COM-based multimedia framework pipeline and infrastructure platform for digital media in Windows Vista , Windows 7 , Windows 8 , Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 . It is the intended replacement for Microsoft DirectShow , Windows Media SDK , DirectX Media Objects ( DMOs ) and all other so-called `` legacy '' multimedia APIs such as Audio Compression Manager ( ACM ) and Video for Windows ( VfW ) . The existing DirectShow technology is intended to be replaced by Media Foundation step-by-step , starting with a few features . For some time there will be a co-existence of Media Foundation and DirectShow . Media Foundation will not be available for previous Windows versions , including Windows XP . The first release , present in Windows Vista , focuses on audio and video playback quality , high-definition content ( i.e. HDTV ) , content protection and a more unified approach for digital data access control for digital rights management ( DRM ) and its interoperability . It integrates DXVA 2.0 for offloading more of the video processing pipeline to hardware , for better performance . Videos are processed in the colorspace they were encoded in , and are handed off to the hardware , which composes the image in its native colorspace . This prevents intermediate colorspace conversions to improve performance . MF includes a new video renderer , called Enhanced Video Renderer ( EVR ) , which is the next iteration of VMR 7 and 9 . EVR has better support for playback timing and synchronization . It uses the Multimedia Class Scheduler Service ( MMCSS ) , a new service that prioritizes real time multimedia processing , to reserve the resources required for the playback , without any tearing or glitches . The second release included in Windows 7 introduces expanded media format support and DXVA HD for acceleration of HD content if WDDM 1.1 drivers are used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1e6371742bc9b30df7006d73b1d513", "text": "Digital Compact Cassette The Digital Compact Cassette ( DCC ) is a magnetic tape sound recording format introduced by Philips and Matsushita in late 1992 and marketed as the successor to the standard analog Compact Cassette . It was also a direct competitor to Sony 's MiniDisc ( MD ) but neither format toppled the then ubiquitous analog cassette despite their technical superiority . Another competing format , the Digital Audio Tape ( DAT ) had by 1992 also failed to sell in large quantities ( although it was established in recording studios ) -- DCC was envisaged as a cheaper alternative to DAT . DCC shared a similar form factor to analog cassettes , and DCC recorders could play back either type of cassette . This backward compatibility allowed users to adopt digital recording without rendering their existing tape collections obsolete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99cd56de5c781351288a86c44a8952ab", "text": "Portable media player A portable media player ( PMP ) or digital audio player ( DAP ) is a portable consumer electronics device capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio , images , and video files . The data is typically stored on a CD , DVD , flash memory , microdrive , or hard drive . Most portable media players are equipped with a 3.5 mm headphone jack , which users can plug headphones into , or connect to a boombox or hifi system . In contrast , analog portable audio players play music from non-digital media that use analog signal storage , such as cassette tapes or vinyl records . Often mobile digital audio players are marketed and sold as `` portable MP3 players '' , even if they also support other file formats and media types . Increasing sales of smartphones and tablet computers have led to a decline in sales of portable media players , leading to some devices being phased out , though flagship devices like the Apple iPod and Sony Walkman are still in production . Portable DVD players are still manufactured by brands across the world . This article focuses on portable devices that have the main function of playing media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2d51034a5eea260773bf90b2d4a205", "text": "Yamaha MT-100 The Yamaha MT-100 Multitrack Cassette Recorder is an analog tool developed for recording artists in the late 1980s . It was marketed just before the advent of Digital Audio Tape . In essence it allowed variable speed recording of 4 tracks of audio that could be mixed and merged and re-recorded onto standard cassette tape . It had its broadest applications with keyboard and guitar players . The Yamaha MT-100 is useful to capture multi part ideas quickly and simply . Yamaha created the DX7 keyboard , RX 5 drum machine , RX 11 DRUM Machine and QX1 sequencer . A sequencer is a device that records MIDI Data digitally capturing musical arrangement code vs. capturing sounds on tape . This was a revelation at the time for people working with Samplers and Synthesizers that had multi-track music sequencer built in . Direct line in recording from sequencers allowed for remarkably clean recordings with a usable dynamic audio range . Introduction from Manual : CONGRATULATIONS ! Your MT100 Multitrack Cassette Recorder is a fine creative tool that will help you work with sound in many ways . No other multitrack cassette recorder offfers the straight forward simplicity and ease-of-use of the MT1OO . Whether you need to record acoustic instruments or voice using microphones , electronic instruments and sources via direct line , or a creative blend of the two , the MT1OO makes the process of building up your own sound extraordinarily smooth and simple . You can simply record and remix four tracks , or use the multitrack `` ping-pong '' recording technique to individually record up to ten independent parts - adding sound layer by layer until you create exactly the arrangement and texture your imagination demands . The MT100 is just as easy to use alone or with a band . And , because it 's a YAMAHA , you know that the MT100 will give you the finest sound quality and overall performance available . In order to make use of the MT 100 's many features and obtain maximum performance , we urge you to read this operation manual thoroughly - and keep it in a safe place for later reference .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "58b0886643d9ae423bbc45538108b971", "text": "Jane Lynch Jane Marie Lynch ( born July 14 , 1960 ) is an American actress , singer , and comedian . She is best known as Sue Sylvester on Glee . She also gained fame in Christopher Guest 's improv mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show . Lynch 's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds . Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010 . She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies , such as Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , The 40-Year-Old Virgin , Role Models and The Three Stooges . Her portrayal of Sue Sylvester in Glee has won numerous awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy , Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film , and the People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress . On September 4 , 2013 , Lynch received the 2,505 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd. . Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films , including Space Chimps , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs , Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph . Since 2013 , she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night , for which she has won two Emmy Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b6412cb6e7b39d1142f4af605b81e06e", "text": "Museum and Institute of Zoology Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN is a zoological museum in Warsaw , Poland . It was established in 1819 . Category : Museums in Warsaw Category : Museums established in 1819 Category : Natural history museums in Poland", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b057fdf671dc09d7a1998826dab330aa", "text": "Stephen Lynch (professor) Stephen Vincent Lynch is a liver transplant specialist who has worked on surgery to transplant liver tissue from adult donors to children . Lynch is the chair of the division of surgery at Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane . Prof Stephen Lynch completed his undergraduate training at St Vincent 's Hospital in Sydney . From there went on to complete fellowship training in Pittsburgh PA , USA . He runs a private Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery practice at the Mater Medical Centre and is a Professor of Surgery at the University of Queensland . He is also the current chairman of both the Liver Transplant Unit and Surgical Services at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and Surgical Services Metro South . Professor Lynch worked as a Member of Council , Asian Society of Transplantation , 2001 -- 2012 and President of the Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand between 2001 and 2003 . Lynch established the Australian and New Zealand Liver Transplantation Registry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3e834d0109d56efd4a3c8bb30d52c0c", "text": "Animal cognition Animal cognition describes the mental capacities of non-human animals and the study of those capacities . The field developed from comparative psychology , including the study of animal conditioning and learning . It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology , behavioral ecology , and evolutionary psychology , and hence the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used . Many behaviors associated with the term animal intelligence are also subsumed within animal cognition . Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals ( especially primates , cetaceans , elephants , dogs , cats , horses , livestock , raccoons and rodents ) , birds ( including parrots , corvids and pigeons ) , reptiles ( lizards and snakes ) , fish and invertebrates ( including cephalopods , spiders and insects ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e0dbe5eb0dcfcadab8a8b77a320e39", "text": "Mabel Josephine Mackerras Mabel Josephine ( Jo ) Mackerras ( 7 August 1896 -- 8 October 1971 ) was an Australian zoologist , entomologist and parasitologist . Her research and life 's work contributed to entomology , veterinary medicine and medical science . Throughout her life she held a wide range of positions and duties that included Army medical officer , entomologist , medical scientist , and parasitologist . Mackerras was a major during WWII and served in the Army Malaria Research Unit . In an application for King 's Birthday Honours her work earned the citation , : `` few women can have made a greater contribution to the Allied war effort '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f12e6150438719ff1f086115a3ced3a", "text": "Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy The Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy is a natural history museum that is part of University College London in London , England . It was established by Robert Edmond Grant in 1828 as a teaching collection of zoological specimens and material for dissection . On his death Grant left his own collection to the museum . In 1875 Edwin Ray Lankester added to the museum collection . Later lecturer curators include W. F. R. Weldon ( 1860 -- 1906 ) , Edward Alfred Minchin , an embryologist named J. P. Hill and a palaeontologist named D. M. S. Watson . After 1948 the museum was under the care of professional curators . The collection contains around 67,000 zoological specimens , many of which are very rare and several of which have been rediscovered only recently in storage . The collection contains specimens from a number of former university collections , including specimens from Imperial College London and Queen Mary University of London in addition to material from London Zoo and various London hospital comparative anatomy collections . In 2011 , the museum moved from its previous location in the Darwin Building on the UCL campus to new quarters in the Thomas Lewis Room in the Rockefeller Building , formerly the UCL Medical School library .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7b0934323081576abb8218cea1210f2", "text": "Clitoris The clitoris ( -LSB- klᵻˈtɔːrᵻs -RSB- ) is a female sex organ present in mammals , ostriches and a limited number of other animals . In humans , the visible button-like portion is near the front junction of the labia minora ( inner lips ) , above the opening of the urethra . Unlike the penis , the male homologue ( equivalent ) to the clitoris , it usually does not contain the distal portion ( or opening ) of the urethra and is therefore not used for urination . While few animals urinate through the clitoris , the spotted hyena , which has an especially well-developed clitoris , urinates , mates and gives birth via the organ . Some other mammals , such as lemurs and spider monkeys , also have a well-developed clitoris . The clitoris is the human female 's most sensitive erogenous zone and generally the primary anatomical source of human female sexual pleasure . In humans and other mammals , it develops from an outgrowth in the embryo called the genital tubercle . Initially undifferentiated , the tubercle develops into either a penis or a clitoris , depending on the presence or absence of the protein tdf , which is codified by a single gene on the Y chromosome . The clitoris is a complex structure , and its size and sensitivity can vary . The glans ( head ) of the human clitoris is roughly the size and shape of a pea , and is estimated to have more than 8,000 sensory nerve endings . Extensive sociological , sexological and medical debate have focused on the clitoris , primarily concerning anatomical accuracy , orgasmic factors and their physiological explanation for the G-spot , and whether the clitoris is vestigial , an adaptation , or serves a reproductive function . Social perceptions of the clitoris range from the significance of its role in female sexual pleasure , assumptions about its true size and depth , and varying beliefs regarding genital modification such as clitoris enlargement , clitoris piercing and clitoridectomy ; genital modification may be for aesthetic , medical or cultural reasons . Knowledge of the clitoris is significantly impacted by cultural perceptions of the organ . Studies suggest that knowledge of its existence and anatomy is scant in comparison with that of other sexual organs , and that more education about it could help alleviate social stigmas associated with the female body and female sexual pleasure ; for example , that the clitoris and vulva in general are visually unappealing , that female masturbation is taboo , or that men should be expected to master and control women 's orgasms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18026fc25f87c42b3a0322494747fb2a", "text": "Biologist A biologist , is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology , the scientific study of life . Biologists involved in fundamental research attempt to explore and further explain the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of living matter . Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve more specific processes and understanding , in fields such as medicine , industry and agriculture . While `` biologist '' can apply to any scientist studying biology , most biologists research and specialise in specific fields . In this way , biologists investigate large-scale organism interactions ( ecology ) , whole multicellular organisms , organs , tissues , cells , and small-scale cellular and molecular processes . Other biologists study less direct aspects of life , such as phylogeny and evolution . Biologists conduct research based on the scientific method , to test the validity of a theory , with hypothesis formation , experimentation and documentation of methods and data . There are many types of biologists . Some work on microorganisms , while others study multicellular organisms . There is much overlap between different fields of biology such as botany , zoology , microbiology , genetics and evolutionary biology , and it is often difficult to classify a biologist as only one of them . Many jobs in biology as a field require an academic degree . A doctorate or its equivalent is generally required to direct independent research , and involves a specialization in a specific area of biology . Many biological scientists work in research and development . Some conduct fundamental research to advance our knowledge of living organisms , including bacteria and other pathogens . This research enhances understanding and adds to the scientific database of literature . Furthermore , it often aids the development of solutions to problems in areas such as human health and the natural environment . These biological scientists mostly work in government , university , and private industry laboratories . Many expand on specialized research that they started in post-graduate qualifications , such as a doctorate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def6844f5e51e413a6a6fb941c1891eb", "text": "Jane (Ender's Game) Jane is a fictional character in Orson Scott Card 's Ender series . She is an artificial sentience thought to exist within the ansible network by which spaceships and planets communicate instantly across galactic distances . She has appeared in the novels Speaker for the Dead , Xenocide , and Children of the Mind , and in a short story `` Investment Counselor '' . Her ` face ' , a computer-generated hologram that she uses to talk to Ender , is described as plain and young , and it is illustrated in First Meetings as having a bun . This article is arranged to reflect the Ender timeline . However , the Ender Quartet : Ender 's Game ( 1985 ) , Speaker for the Dead ( 1986 ) , Xenocide ( 1990 ) , and Children of the Mind ( 1994 ) was written first ; then Ender 's Shadow ( 1999 ) , First Meetings ( 2004 ) , and Shadow of the Giant ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20d3734d75d9d4f52d686837e947d2e4", "text": "Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander Tamara Eugenia Awerbuch-Friedlander , PhD , is a biomathematician and public health scientist at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston , Massachusetts . Her primary research and publications focus on biosocial interactions that cause or contribute to disease . She also is believed to be the first female Harvard Faculty member to have had a jury trial for a lawsuit filed against Harvard University for sex discrimination . Currently , she is an instructor in the Department of Global Health and Population of the Harvard School of Public Health . Since the beginning of this century , she has organized and carried out research on conditions that lead to the emergence , maintenance , and spread of epidemics . Her research encompasses sexually-transmitted diseases ( STDs ) such as HIV/AIDS , as well as vector-borne diseases , such as Lyme disease , dengue , and Zika virus and Zika fever . Dr. Awerbuch-Friedlander recently researched the spread and control of rabies based on an eco-historical analysis . Her work is interdisciplinary , and some of her publications are co-authored with international scientists and members of different departments of the HSPH and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Ecology and evolutionary biology have traditionally been the dominant fields of mathematical biology , but public health fields are effectively contextualized within them . Conditions contributing to the emergence of epidemics are complex in nature , involving biological , ecological , behavioral , environmental , and socioeconomic factors . Most of her research mathematically models these factors as systems that lend themselves to qualitative and quantitative analysis . These models can be used to explore the effect of each factor in the presence of the others as well as new interventions . Many of these models are based on data collected in the field , whether they concern zoonotic diseases such as the population dynamics of the tick that transmits Lyme disease in the Northeastern part of the United States , or sexually transmitted diseases , such as the relative probabilities of HIV1 and HIV2 infection in a cohort of prostitutes in Senegal . Some of her analytical mathematical models led to fundamental epidemiological discoveries , for example , that oscillations are an intrinsic property of tick dynamics . This means that a decrease in tick abundance in one year does not necessary imply that the same will happen in the next . She presented her work in many international conferences and at the Isaac Newton Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge , England , where she was invited to participate in the Program on Models of Epidemics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "390dd489d9598ceab5c490e55c1d5c32", "text": "Journal of Natural History The Journal of Natural History is a scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis focusing on entomology and zoology . The journal was established in 1841 under the name Annals and Magazine of Natural History ( Ann . Mag . Nat . Hist . ) and obtained its current title in 1967 . The journal was formed by the merger of the Magazine of Natural History ( 1828 -- 1840 ) and the Annals of Natural History ( 1838 -- 1840 ; previously the Magazine of Zoology and Botany , 1836 -- 1838 ) and Loudon and Charlesworth 's Magazine of Natural History ) . In September 1855 , the Annals and Magazine of Natural History published `` On the Law which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species '' , a paper which Alfred Russel Wallace had written while working in the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo in February of that year . This paper gathered and enumerated general observations regarding the geographic and geologic distribution of species ( biogeography ) . The conclusion that `` Every species has come into existence coincident both in space and time with a closely allied species '' has come to be known as the `` Sarawak Law '' . The paper was hailed by Edward Blyth and shook the thinking of Charles Lyell . They both advised Charles Darwin of the paper , and though he missed its significance , Lyell 's concerns about priority pressed Darwin to push ahead towards the publication of Darwin 's theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "862cf9510c921ed911fe23391f5106c9", "text": "The Human Zoo (book) The Human Zoo is a book written by the British zoologist Desmond Morris , published in 1969 . It is a follow-up to his earlier book The Naked Ape ; both books examine how the biological nature of the human species has shaped the character of the cultures of the contemporary world . The Human Zoo examines the nature of civilized society , especially in the cities . Morris compares the human inhabitants of a city to the animal inhabitants of a zoo , which have their survival needs provided for , but at the cost of living in an unnatural environment . Humans in their cities , and animals in their zoos , both have food and shelter provided for them , and have considerable free time on their hands . But they have to live in an unnatural environment , and are both likely to have problems in developing healthy social relationships , both are liable to suffer from isolation and boredom , and both live in a limited amount of physical space . The book explains how the inhabitants of cities and zoos have invented ways to deal with these problems , and the consequences that follow when they fail at dealing with them . From this point of view , Morris examines why civilized society is the way it is . He offers explanations of the best and the worst features of civilized society . He examines the magnificent achievements of civilized society , the sublime explorations that make up science and the humanities , as well as the horrible behaviors of this same society such as war , slavery , and rape . This book , and Morris 's earlier book The Naked Ape , are two of the early works in the field of sociobiology , which have both contributed much to contemporary understandings of society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f33545691a7d2eedf354d07f90bdc04", "text": "Jane Piore Gilman Jane Piore Gilman is an American mathematician , a distinguished professor of mathematics at Rutgers University . Her research concerns topology and group theory . Gilman is one of three children of physicist Emanuel R. Piore . She did her undergraduate studies at the University of Chicago , graduating in 1965 , and received her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1971 . Her thesis , supervised by Lipman Bers , was entitled Relative Modular Groups in Teichmüller Spaces . She worked for a year as an instructor at Stony Brook University before joining Rutgers in 1972 . In 2014 she was elected as a fellow of the American Mathematical Society `` for contributions to topology and group theory , and for service to her department and the larger community . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f5a138d058da6d9b92075f6deb6bc00", "text": "Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology is organized to integrate the many fields of specialization which occur in the broad field of biology . The society was formed in 1902 as the American Society of Zoologists , through the merger of two societies , the `` Central Naturalists '' and the `` American Morphological Society '' ( founded in 1890 ) . The Ecological Society of America split from it in 1915 , and another society of geneticists also split from it in 1930 . In 1996 the name was changed to the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology . The society publishes two scientific journals : the bimonthly journal Integrative and Comparative Biology ( formerly the American Zoologist ) and Evolution & Development . It is organized in a flexible structure with many lightweight divisions . As of 2014 , it has approximately 3500 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32326c0a9628bf7eeb96f437db33043", "text": "Anne E. Pusey Anne Elizabeth Pusey is director of the Jane Goodall Institute Research Center and a professor of evolutionary anthropology at Duke University . Since the early 1990s , Pusey has been archiving the data collected from the Gombe chimpanzee project . The collection housed at Duke University consists of a computerized database that Pusey oversees . In addition to archiving Jane Goodall 's research from Gombe , she is involved in field study and advising students at Gombe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2b0ab572040da618f88fc9bc4690a50", "text": "European Endangered Species Programme The European Endangered Species Programme ( EEP ) is the most intensive type of population management for a species kept in European Association of Zoos and Aquaria ( EAZA ) zoos . Even though EEP participation is mainly reserved for EAZA collections it is possible for non-EAZA collections to take part in these programmes . There are generally however more restrictions on such zoos ( which may go as far as only holding non-breeding animals for educational purposes ) , and there are certainly restrictions on the number of programmes they may participate in . Each of the EEPs has a coordinator ( someone with a special interest in and knowledge of the species concerned , who is working in an EAZA zoo or aquarium ) assisted by a Species Committee . The coordinator has many tasks to coordinate , such as collecting information on the status of all the animals of the species for which he or she is responsible kept in EAZA zoos and aquaria , producing a studbook , carrying out demographic and genetical analyses allowing them to produce a plan for the future management of the species . Together with the Species Committee , recommendations are made each year about which animals should be allowed to breed , which individual animals should go from one zoo to another , the conditions of such a move ( breeding loan , exchange , term free disposition , etc. ) and so on .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "003cdde508cdb95fe9d8ca06b1b6a4d2", "text": "Animat Animat ( third-person indicative present of the Latin verb animō ) , meaning to `` animate , give or bring life '' . Animats are artificial animals , a contraction of animal-materials . The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations . Animat research , a subset of Artificial Life studies , has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks ' seminal paper `` Intelligence without representation '' . The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1985 , in `` Knowledge growth in an artificial animal '' , published in the first Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications . An example using the Animat model as proposed by Wilson is discussed at some length in chapter 9 of Stan Franklin 's book , Artificial Minds . In this implementation , the animat is capable of independent learning about its environment through application and evolution of pattern-matching rules called `` taxons '' . In 2001 Thomas DeMarse performed studies on ` Neurally controlled animat ' . Every two years , the Society of Adaptive Behaviour meets and produces a proceedings on this topic . They also have a journal , Adaptive Behavior . Alan H Goldstein has proposed that , because nanobiotechnology is in the process of creating real animal-materials , speculative use of this term should be discouraged and its application become purely phenomenological . Based on the Animat Test ( contained in the reference `` I , Nanobot . '' ) any nonbiological material or entity that exhibits the minimum set of behaviors that define a life form is , de facto , an Animat . Goldstein 's basic premise is that in the age of nanobiotechnology it is necessary to follow the chemistry and molecular engineering rather than watching for the emergence of some pre-conceived minimum level of ` intelligence ' such as an artificial neural network capable of adaptive phenomena . Goldstein has cautioned that there is a serious disconnect between the fields of nanobiotechnology and A-life based on profound differences in scientific training , experimental systems , and the different sets of terminology ( jargon ) these two fields have produced . Nanobiotechnologists ( really molecular engineers who work with both biological and nonbiological molecules ) are generally not concerned with complex systems per se ; even when they are building molecular interconnects between such systems , e.g. neuroelectronic splices . A-Life researchers mainly take a systems-level approach . The enormous transformative power of novel molecular engineering has the potential to create Animats , true nonbiological life forms , whose relatively simple behavior would not fit into most standard A-Life paradigms . As a result , Goldstein argues , the first Animats may come into being completely unrecognized by either scientific community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3466af92edb9d250201eba620bf24f00", "text": "Unione Zoologica Italiana Unione Zoologica Italiana is an Italian scientific society devoted to Zoology especially that of Italy . The Society was founded in 1900 . Publications include ( from 2006 ) The Italian Journal of Zoology previously ( from 1930 ) , published under the name of Il Bollettino di Zoologia.Archivio zoologico italiano : pubblicato sotto gli auspicii della unione zoologica precedes this ( from 1902 ) , which replaced Monitore zoologico italiano reflecting the loose associations of zoologists and anatomists also using the title Unione Zoologica Italiana prior to the formal grouping of 1900 . The Society collaborates with La Società Entomologica Italiana , the Italian Entomological Society in maintaining a website listing the Italian Fauna FaunaItalia . The endemic Spectacled Salamander is the emblem of the Society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32916ffa970c9bf249187e75b00ff23b", "text": "Ethnoprimatology Ethnoprimatology is the study of human and non-human primate interactions . Ethnoprimatology is a discourse aimed at a anthropological holistic understanding of non-human primates . Human cultures worldwide have deep-rooted , primordial connections with non-human primates . Non-human primates play key roles in creation stories of many societies and often depict the direct relationship between non-human primates and humans . In primatology the interface between humans and other primates is generally described as competition for space and resources , a contest between humans and other primates . While competition does occur , it is a very incomplete description of the interface , and the co-ecologies , of humans and other primates . The emerging approach , termed ethnoprimatology , is explicit in its acknowledgment of the multifarious nature of the human -- other primate interface ( Fuentes and Wolfe 2002 , Fuentes and Hockings 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798532bb12c2b7fa3228558c4f1ded92", "text": "Ichthyology Ichthyology ( from Greek : ἰχθύς , ikhthus , `` fish '' ; and λόγος , logos , `` study '' ) , also known as fish science , is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish . This includes bony fish ( Osteichthyes ) , cartilaginous fish ( Chondrichthyes ) , and jawless fish ( Agnatha ) . While a large number of species have been discovered , approximately 250 new species are officially described by science each year . According to FishBase , 33,400 species of fish had been described by October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df1d3bcac617e12db74ec69e30022ace", "text": "Zoonosis Zoonoses ( -LSB- ˌzoʊ.əˈnoʊsᵻs -RSB- , plural - -LSB- ˈnoʊsiːz -RSB- , also spelled zoönoses ; singular zoonosis ( or zoönosis ) ; from Greek : ζῷον zoon `` animal '' and νόσος nosos `` sickness '' ) are infectious diseases of animals ( usually vertebrates ) that can naturally be transmitted to humans . Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses . HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century , though it has now evolved to a separate human-only disease . Most strains of influenza that infect humans are human diseases , although many strains of swine and bird flu are zoonoses ; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the 2009 swine flu . Taenia solium infection is one of the neglected tropical diseases with public health and veterinary concern in endemic regions . Zoonoses can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as viruses , bacteria , fungi and parasites ; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans , 61 % were zoonotic . Most human diseases originated in animals ; however , only diseases that routinely involve animal to human transmission , like rabies , are considered direct zoonosis . Zoonoses have different modes of transmission . In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from animals to humans through media such as air ( influenza ) or through bites and saliva ( rabies ) . In contrast , transmission can also occur via an intermediate species ( referred to as a vector ) , which carry the disease pathogen without getting infected . When humans infect animals , it is called reverse zoonosis or anthroponosis .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2295603a222daaf3485fc4ac3e29ab1b", "text": "Star Trek Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry . The first television series , simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series , debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC . It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk ( William Shatner ) and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise , a space exploration vessel , built by the interstellar federal republic United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century . The Star Trek canon of the franchise includes The Original Series , an animated series , four spin-off television series , its film franchise and an upcoming television series scheduled to debut in 2017 . In creating Star Trek , Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels , the satirical book Gulliver 's Travels , and by works of western genre such as the television series Wagon Train . These adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek : The Animated Series and six feature films . Four spin-off television series were eventually produced : Star Trek : The Next Generation followed the crew of a new starship Enterprise set a century after the original series ; Star Trek : Deep Space Nine and Star Trek : Voyager set contemporaneously with The Next Generation ; and Star Trek : Enterprise set before the original series in the early days of human interstellar travel . The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four additional feature films . In 2009 , the film franchise underwent a `` reboot '' set in an alternate timeline , or `` Kelvin Timeline '' , entitled simply Star Trek . This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the original show ; their adventures were continued in the sequel film , Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) . The thirteenth film feature and sequel , Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) , was released to coincide with the franchise 's 50th anniversary . A new Star Trek TV series , entitled Star Trek : Discovery , is set to premiere on the digital platform CBS All Access . Star Trek has been a cult phenomenon for decades . Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers . The franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games , figurines , novels , toys , and comics . Star Trek had a themed attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998 and closed in September 2008 . At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world . The series has its own full-fledged constructed language , Klingon . Several parodies have been made of Star Trek . In addition , viewers have produced several fan productions . As of July 2016 , the franchise had generated $ 10 billion in revenue , making Star Trek one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction . The franchise is also noted for its progressive civil rights stances . The Original Series included one of television 's first multiracial casts . Star Trek references may be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bca189a3bd5c1ab66e5514d4bceff64b", "text": "Mercy Point Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama , created by Trey Callaway , David Simkins , and Milo Frank , which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network ( UPN ) from October 6 , 1998 , to July 15 , 1999 . With an ensemble cast led by : Joe Morton , Maria del Mar , Alexandra Wilson , Brian McNamara , Salli Richardson , Julia Pennington , Gay Thomas , Jordan Lund , and Joe Spano , the series takes place in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space and revolves around its doctors and nurses . The series was produced by Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television ; the executive producers were Trey Callaway , Michael Katleman , Lee David Zlotoff , Joe Voci , and Scott Sanders . Callaway developed Mercy Point from Frank 's script , `` Nightingale One '' , as a concept for a feature film under the working title of the same name . Even though it was picked up by Mandalay Television , the concept was eventually revised as a television project and renamed Mercy Point due to the disappointing commercial performance of the 1997 film Starship Troopers . The show was part of a $ 3 million deal between Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television to produce 200 hours of material . It was filmed in Vancouver to reduce production costs , with the hospital sets constructed on a series of sound stages . Director Joe Napolitano had praised the show for its use of a complete set to allow for more intricate directing . Despite being envisioned as a companion to Star Trek : Voyager , it was paired with Moesha and Clueless as its lead-in on Tuesday nights . Initially focused on ethical and medical cases , the show 's storylines gradually shifted toward relating the characters ' personal relationships to better fit UPN 's primarily teen demographic . Mercy Point was placed on hiatus after only two episodes were aired , and was replaced by the reality television series America 's Greatest Pets and the sitcom Reunited . The show suffered from low viewership , with an average of two million viewers . The final four episodes of the series were broadcast in two , two-hour blocks on Thursday nights in July 1999 . It was never released on DVD or Blu-ray . Critical response to Mercy Point was mixed ; some television critics praised its characterization and use of science-fiction elements , while others found it to be uninteresting and unoriginal . Several media commentators negatively compared the show to other television programs . Callaway has stated that he had the potential story arcs for the full first season already planned before the show 's cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a185fd8e9a157cb9ff130ad268ad77f9", "text": "Walker, Texas Ranger Walker , Texas Ranger is an American action television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis . It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade , with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division . The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993 , with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes . Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25 , 1993 , to May 19 , 2001 , and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28 , 2001 . It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled Trial By Fire . The movie ended on a cliffhanger , which was never resolved . DVD sets of all seasons have been released ( with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season ) . At various times since 1997 , reruns of the show have aired , in syndication , on the USA Network and Action in Canada . Reruns can currently be seen on CBS Action , WGN America , INSP and Grit . The series was noted for its moralistic style . The characters refrained from the use of drugs , and they participated in community service . Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b266f0a93f584afb3a76b24ca5de7d79", "text": "Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 4) The fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on September 24 , 1990 and concluded on June 17 , 1991 after airing 26 episodes . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise-D . This season saw the show embracing the notion of serialized storylines . A recurring theme throughout the season is the notion of a brewing Duras-Romulan plot against the Federation , coupled with Worf 's effort to reclaim his family honor . Both storylines were introduced in Season 3 's . Worf 's discommendation is a major theme in and , while his dishonor and the Duras-Romulan plot take center stage in the episodes , , and . A second recurring storyline in the season is the growth of Miles O'Brien as a character . His first and middle name are revealed in `` Family '' , he marries in , his past is revealed in , and his marriage is explored in . Season 4 featured many family-themes episodes . The first episode following deals with Picard and Worf 's family , and the second with Data 's . Worf 's son Alexander appears later in the season , as does Tasha Yar 's sister , and the Enterprise '' encounters an infant alien space entity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16bdd733818927392b640b96d466068", "text": "Star Trek: The Continuing Mission Star Trek : The Continuing Mission is an independently produced , non-profit , science fiction series set in the Star Trek universe . The show , created by Sebastian Prooth and Andy Tyrer in July 2007 , is released exclusively online in the form of downloadable audio dramas . Sebastian Prooth and Patrick McCray serve as the show 's Executive Producers . The pilot episode , `` Ghost Ship , '' was released on December 25 , 2007 , and since then seven more episodes have been released , most recently `` Cathedral in the Void '' on May 10 , 2014 . The producers ' stated goal is for future releases to be on a quarterly basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89434439fceb94bad31e862cf0d2ccc3", "text": "In a Mirror, Darkly `` In a Mirror , Darkly '' is the eighteenth and nineteenth episodes of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Enterprise , and originally aired on April 22 and 29 , 2005 . This installment was developed to be a sequel to The Original Series episode `` The Tholian Web '' and a prequel to `` Mirror , Mirror '' . The decision to set an Enterprise episode in the mirror universe originated with a pitch to enable William Shatner to appear in the series . The teleplays for both parts of the episode were written by Mike Sussman , with Manny Coto contributing the story for the second part . Set in the 22nd century , the series normally follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise , registration NX-01 . However , these installments feature a mirror universe Jonathan Archer and evil counterparts of the normal characters , who serve the cruel and militaristic Terran Empire . In the first part , the ISS Enterprise learns of a Starfleet ship from the future of the main universe which is being stripped for parts by the Tholians , and seeks to take the ship from the aliens . The second part sees the surviving crew operating the USS Defiant and seeking to overthrow the Empire using its advanced weaponry . The episode saw the reuse of footage from Star Trek : First Contact and the creation of an alternative opening credits sequence which included footage from other Paramount properties such as the film The Hunt for Red October . A three-quarters-around bridge from The Original Series era was constructed , as well as other sets from a Constitution-class starship . A Gorn and a Tholian were both created using CGI , with the Gorn utilizing motion capture techniques . This installment also saw the return of Vaughn Armstrong after his main universe character was killed on screen earlier in the season in the episode `` The Forge '' . This episode subsequently appeared in several lists of the best episodes of Star Trek : Enterprise . It was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7be05c9f8025184bc9dc4694a281b929", "text": "Errand of Mercy `` Errand of Mercy '' is an episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek . It was first broadcast on 23 March 1967 . It is episode # 26 , production # 27 , written by Gene L. Coon and directed by John Newland . It was the first episode in which the Klingons appeared . With a war with the Klingons declared , Captain Kirk and his First Officer , Mr. Spock , attempt to sway the incomprehensibly placid population of a planet to resist an invading military occupation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d055ae514fb55e28877547e5cab9d344", "text": "Treklanta Treklanta ( formerly `` TrekTrax Atlanta '' ) is an annual Star Trek convention based in Atlanta , Georgia that places special emphasis on fan-based events , activities , programming and productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a6d18b9de4940ad5b19e8a9d9768dee", "text": "Star Trek (comics) Almost continuously since 1967 , multiple companies have published Star Trek comic books with varying degrees of success . These companies include Gold Key Comics , Marvel Comics , DC Comics , Malibu Comics , Wildstorm , and IDW Publishing . Star Trek : Enterprise is the only Trek TV series that has not been adapted in comic book form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9a5aaba17f7c650f8494df4e6379908", "text": "Star Trek: Of Gods and Men Star Trek : Of Gods and Men ( OGaM or STOGAM ) is a non-canon three-part unofficial Star Trek fan mini-series which contains many cast members from the Star Trek TV series and movies . It is described by its producers as a `` 40th Anniversary gift '' from Star Trek actors to their fans . It was filmed in 2006 , but its release was delayed until 2007 -- 08 . It is not officially endorsed by the rightsholders of Star Trek , but has been covered on the official Star Trek website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98350b85c1d2dcd79625b869d84ab560", "text": "Star Trek: Titan Star Trek : Titan is a series of Star Trek novels that take place after the events of the 2002 film Star Trek Nemesis , detailing the adventures of the U.S.S. Titan under the command of Starfleet Captain William T. Riker , who previously served for fifteen years as First Officer under Captain Jean-Luc Picard aboard the Enterprise-D and Enterprise-E on the TV show Star Trek : The Next Generation and the four feature films adapted from that series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d804f2395aec3707bc251e935f958731", "text": "A Taste of Armageddon `` A Taste of Armageddon '' ( season # 1 , episode # 23 , production # 23 ) is a first-season episode of the American science fiction television series , Star Trek . It was first broadcast on February 23 , 1967 , and repeated July 20 , 1967 . It was written by Robert Hamner and Gene L. Coon , and directed by Joseph Pevney . In the episode , the crew of the USS Enterprise visits a planet whose people fight a computer-simulated war against a neighboring planet . Although the war is fought via computer simulation , the citizens of each planet have to submit to real executions inside `` disintegration booths '' to meet the casualty counts of the simulated attacks . The crew of the Enterprise is caught in the middle and are told to submit themselves voluntarily for execution after being `` killed '' in an `` enemy attack '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b851c3be00a7e75c36609910cfe8c23", "text": "Impulse (Star Trek: Enterprise) `` Impulse '' is the fifty-seventh episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Enterprise , the fifth episode of season three . The episode was written by story editor Jonathan Fernandez from a story by Fernandez and Terry Matalas . It first aired October 8 , 2003 on the UPN network in the United States . The episode was described by Paramount Pictures as `` as close to a horror show as Star Trek gets '' . Set in the 22nd century , the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise , registration NX-01 . In this episode , while investigating the Delphic Expanse for a Xindi superweapon , the Enterprise responds to the distress call of a Vulcan ship . The crew on board have undergone the effects of exposure to Trellium-D , which turns Vulcans into violent zombie-like drones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4592a267bab05e205242bca939b573ba", "text": "Far Beyond the Stars `` Far Beyond the Stars '' is the 137th episode of the syndicated science fiction television series Star Trek : Deep Space Nine , the 13th episode of season six . The teleplay was written by Ira Steven Behr and Hans Beimler , based on a story by Marc Scott Zicree . Series star Avery Brooks directed . It is unique in that almost the full cast of DS9 portrays human characters , without their alien costumes , as a rare example of metafiction in the fictional Star Trek universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6b2d94af34bd38120aebb44f87adf48", "text": "Ensign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation) __ NOTOC __ `` Ensign Ro '' is the 103rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . The third episode of the fifth season . The crew is unsettled by the arrival of Ensign Ro , a disgraced Starfleet officer of Bajoran origin . Although Ro was previously court-martialed for disobeying orders on an away mission , resulting in the deaths of eight crew members , Starfleet admiral Kennely has pardoned and assigned her to the Enterprise . Her ostensible mission is to persuade Bajoran rebels to stop attacking and raiding Federation colonies . But Picard soon learns that the rebels , displaced from their home-world by the Cardassians some 40 years ago , were not to blame for the attacks - and that Kennely 's orders to Ro are very different than those he conveyed to Picard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4063d73150bdbc03dde0ed01bc8e9d8e", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek : The Next Generation is an American science fiction television program that originally aired from September 1987 to May 1994 . It won and was nominated for a variety of awards , including seven Emmy Award nominations for the first season , and a further eight in its second season . It would go on to be nominated a total of 58 times , of which it won a total of nineteen awards . Only one of these nominations was not for a Creative Arts Emmy , which was the nomination for Outstanding Drama Series for the show 's seventh season . Cast member Wil Wheaton was nominated on three occasions for a Youth in Film Award , which he won in 1989 . Further nominations were received by guest actors Kimberly Cullum and Gabriel Damon at the 16th Youth in Film Awards in 1995 . The only other nomination for a single actor was the Screen Actors Guild Award received by Patrick Stewart for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series in the award 's inaugural session in 1995 . As of January 1 , 2013 , Star Trek : The Next Generation has been nominated for 85 different awards , of which it has won 31 . Despite the series ending in 1994 , it has continued to win awards in special recognition of the series , and for the DVD releases . In this list , `` year '' refers to the year the award was presented to the winner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e11443e2b3a8b53d624419051c7eed6", "text": "Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (Game Boy video game) Star Trek : 25th Anniversary is a 1992 Game Boy video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by Ultra , based upon the Star Trek universe . The game chronicles a mission of James T. Kirk and his crew of the USS Enterprise . Despite having the same name , the Game Boy version is not a port of the NES game or computer versions , and is in fact a completely different game . It was succeeded by Star Trek : The Next Generation for Game Boy , developed and published by Absolute Entertainment the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a17da1034b2f12c7e9de508cece0cd28", "text": "Early life and career of Gene Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Gene '' Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American television screenwriter , producer and futurist best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series . He was born in El Paso , Texas , but grew up in Los Angeles , California where his father worked as a police officer . While at school , the young Roddenberry majored in police science and became interested in aeronautical engineering . He obtained a pilot 's license through the Civilian Pilot Training Program . Following his graduation , he signed up for the United States Army Air Corps and he enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor . He was commissioned on August 5 , 1942 , and was posted to the Pacific Theater of Operations where he joined the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group , of the Thirteenth Air Force . He flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in an estimated 89 combat missions . After being rotated back to the United States he was promoted to Captain and became an air crash investigator . During his military career , he was involved in two plane crashes and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross . Once a civilian , he began to fly long-haul routes for Pan American World Airways . He was involved in a further crash in June 1947 , where the Clipper Eclipse crashed in the Syrian desert . After pulling injured passengers out of the burning plane , he led the party which sought help . After a further incident , he resigned from Pan-Am , seeking to write for television instead . However , he joined the Los Angeles Police Department , initially in the traffic division but transferred to the newspaper unit where he worked with Chief William H. Parker as a speech writer . He landed the role of technical adviser for a television version of Mr. District Attorney , which led to him writing scripts for the series under the pseudonym of `` Robert Wesley '' . This led to a series of collaborations with Ziv Television Programs , and he resigned from the police on June 7 , 1956 , in order to take up a writing position on the staff of The West Point Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39625112dd4ca45197582f9943fd4058", "text": "Space Corps (Star Corps) Space Corps , also colloquially referred to as the Star Corps ( Red Dwarf 1996 Log Book ) , Space Federation ( `` Back in the Red , Part Three '' ) and the Star Fleet ( Last Human and `` Back to Earth , Part Two '' ) , is the umbrella organization which regulated all interplanetary and interstellar space flight to and from Earth , from the British science fiction sitcom Red Dwarf . They were responsible for the creation of spaceships , the colonisation of the Galaxy , and the introduction of holograms , GELFs and artificial intelligences such as mechanoids and Simulants throughout the Galaxy . The Space Corps is somewhat analogous to Star Trek 's Starfleet and is responsible for the administrative organisation of all space travel in the Red Dwarf Universe .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "70fb85d83189bd0724faccfc399b5a38", "text": "Lymelife Lymelife is a 2008 independent comedy-drama film written by brothers Derick Martini and Steven Martini , and directed by Derick Martini , depicting aspects of their life in 1970s Long Island from the perspective of a teenager . The film stars Alec Baldwin , Rory Culkin , and Emma Roberts . Martin Scorsese served as an executive producer . The film debuted at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival , in September 2008 and won the International Federation of Film Critics Award ( FIPRESCI ) . After its theatrical release in 2009 , writer director Derick Martini was nominated for a Gotham Award for Breakthrough Director .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1ac068eb1312de1386adac6b67b81898", "text": "Lewis Costello Lewis Costello ( born 7 February 1993 ) is an English comedian , writer , and actor . His style involves storytelling and discussing popular culture . Stuart Holmes of CityLife commented ; `` Running through a mixture of laddish humour , original observations , and a particularly clever deconstruction of Biblical events ... He has both the confidence and material to go far in a competitive industry , and is certainly a talent to watch out for in the near future . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c", "text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07ae333e1e71d5ab8f05e8cdfdab2d19", "text": "LP (singer) Laura Pergolizzi ( born March 18 , 1981 ) is an American pop singer and songwriter , originally from Long Island , New York , who performs under the stage name LP . She moved to Los Angeles in 2010 . She has released three albums and one EP . As a songwriter , she has written for Cher , Rihanna , the Backstreet Boys and Christina Aguilera , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "276eea2c69cc3119c7b5a0e2098d20fd", "text": "Chemical generation The Chemical Generation refers to a collection of writers in the 1990s who added a literary dimension to the hedonistic ecstasy culture of the era . In its most singular guise , it could be said to include Irvine Welsh , Roddy Doyle , Alan Warner , John King , Jeff Noon , Nicholas Blincoe , Gordon Legge and Laura Hird - all of whom participated in the survey of the scene carried by the Steve Redhead book for Canongate ( also publishers of Rebel Inc. ) , Repetitive Beat Generation . The book 's title was an attempt to draw a parallel between the ecstasy culture ( singled out by government as ` repetitive beats ' ) and the Beat generation before it . Key works include Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy and Daren King 's Boxy an Star . The concept of a group of writers addressing drug culture was further developed in 1997 by Sarah Champion , whose Disco Biscuits became the UK 's bestselling fiction anthology of all time . In addition to the authors listed above the book was notable for the inclusion of writers such as Alex Garland , Bill Drummond , Will Self , Grant Morrison , Esther Freud , Douglas Coupland , Neal Stephenson , Poppy Z. Brite and Robert Anton Wilson . As the relevance of club culture faded with the onset of a return to guitar-based bands in the ascendancy , the writers progressed onto more staple projects , though there was an overlap with many of the writers present in 2000 's New Puritans anthology . Their style and approach has been mirrored among younger British writers however , such as Richard Milward and Michael Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa6135b81cc1ce4c329c3d4d5d34e82", "text": "Martini In The Morning Martini In The Morning is an internet radio station based in Los Angeles . Martini in the Morning , often shortened to `` MITM '' to resemble traditional radio station call letters , was created when Los Angeles radio station Fabulous 690 XETRA ( originally Fabulous 570 KLAC ) was sold in February 2006 , to become a Spanish language station . Brad ` Martini ' Chambers who created the new , more contemporary `` Adult Standards '' format for his then employers , Clear Channel Radio is the Program Director and principal host along with ` Mother ' Miriam Garfield . The station broadcasts 24 hours a day and is based in Studio City , Ca . Their broadcast format is similar to what is commonly referred to as `` Adult Standards '' , featuring Jazz Standards , primarily songs from what is often referred to as `` The Great American Songbook '' . The station is active in promoting the genre that the `` Great American Songbook '' represents and ensuring this musical genre does not disappear from the air . There were once hundreds of American radio stations programming similar music . There are now fewer than 200 , and many of those are a mix of `` Great American Songbook '' tunes with a larger percentage of more current `` Adult Contemporary '' music . Martini in the Morning features music written by the likes of Hoagy Carmichael , Cole Porter , Irving Berlin , Rodgers and Hart , Rodgers and Hammerstein , Johnny Mercer , Henry Mancini , Jimmy McHugh , Dorothy Fields , Fats Waller , Jerome Kern , Sammy Cahn , Jimmy Van Heusen , and many others , performed by the historical greats like Ella Fitzgerald , Frank Sinatra , Dean Martin , Sammy Davis Jr. , Billie Holiday , Bobby Darin , Dinah Washington as well as the more modern `` crooners '' like Steve Tyrell , Tony Bennett , Diana Krall , Michael Bublé , Michael Feinstein , and established pop/rock and R&B artists crossing over into the genre , such as Sting , Paul McCartney , Rod Stewart , Queen Latifah , Lady Gaga and others . The station is available on-line through various means , using iTunes ( Golden Oldies ) , mobile apps including TuneIn Radio , StreamS HiFi , Reciva , vTuner , Radio Loyalty and others available through the App Store or Marketplace , or you can connect directly via internet address : http://martiniinthemorning.com or watch live in studio on-line during the stations 's `` Morning Show '' 6:00 AM -- 10:00 AM Pacific time at http://www.martiniinthemorning.com/martinivision.html or via Ustream.tv - http://ustream.tv/mitm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d569bbb34b77aacbd17ad6eb2c49055", "text": "Nick Hornby Nicholas Peter John `` Nick '' Hornby ( born 17 April 1957 ) is an English novelist , essayist , lyricist , and screenwriter . He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch and novels High Fidelity and About a Boy '' , all of which were adapted into feature films . Hornby 's work frequently touches upon music , sport , and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists . His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2013 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4bb6fc8936a6257ce2bca301b0a04d7", "text": "Stephen Tomajczyk Stephen Francis Tomajczyk ( a.k.a. , SF Tomajczyk , Steve Tomajczyk ) ( b. March 30 , 1960 ) is an American author and poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7f4467bccdd071573314add679fc2e9", "text": "Louise DeSalvo Louise A. DeSalvo ( born 1942 ) is an American writer , editor , professor , and lecturer who currently lives in New Jersey . Much of her work focuses on Italian-American culture , though she is also a renowned Virginia Woolf scholar . DeSalvo teaches memoir writing as a part of CUNY Hunter College 's MFA Program in Creative Writing , has published over 17 books , and is a Virginia Woolf scholar . She has edited editions of Woolf 's first novel Melymbrosia , as well as The Letters of Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf , which documents the controversial lesbian affair between these two novelists . In addition , she has written two books on Woolf , Virginia Woolf : The Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Her Life and Work and Virginia Woolf 's First Voyage : A Novel in the Making . DeSalvo 's publications also include the memoir , Vertigo , which received the Gay Talese award and was also a finalist for Italy 's Primo Acerbi prize for literature . Vertigo holds as one of the most widely taught Italian American books and has been said to influence almost every Italian American memoir written since . DeSalvo 's memoir , Crazy in the Kitchen : Food , Feuds , and Forgiveness in an Italian American Family , was also named a Booksense Book of the Year for 2004 . One of DeSalvo 's most popular books to date is the writer 's guide Writing as a Way of Healing : How Telling Our Stories Transforms Our Lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6aaad4c69f83d16c65be3f84f28fa95", "text": "Anthony Martini Anthony Martini ( born 1979 ) is an American music manager at Crush Management . He is also affiliated with a music licensing company called Jingle Punks and a former musician , and the lead vocalist of rap metal band E-Town Concrete . Anthony Martini 's management career began at Ferret Music where he handled bands like Set Your Goals , Unearth and Terror until he took a position at Crush Management whose clients include Fall Out Boy , Gym Class Heroes , Tyga and more . He is also a partner at Jingle Punks Music which provides music for television , film and video games . Jingle Punks Music has been featured in Billboard , Wired , Variety and was named `` one of America 's most promising startups '' by Business Week . Anthony is also co-founder and lead singer of the now defunct New Jersey based Hardcore band E-Town Concrete . E-town has sold over 120,000 albums worldwide and has toured the US , Japan , Canada , Europe and the UK . In 2000 they appeared on Ozzy Osbourne 's summer tour `` Ozzfest '' and have had videos on MTV and Fuse . Originally from Elizabeth , NJ and has a younger brother . He finally met his father when he was in his early twenties . A lot of his lyrics in his songs are based on his growing up without a father figure , and for his mother who was forced to play the role of both parents . His strong political views most evident in E-Town 's later recordings . Although the group had been broken up for several years , E town Concrete reunited with 2 sold out shows at the Starland Ballroom in Sayreville , New Jersey on 2/20/2009 and have returned to Sayreville every year since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efbb55a372b66a24ad9376396bb69a4a", "text": "Lemon La Vida Loca Lemon La Vida Loca is a British spoof reality show created and written by , and starring , comedian Leigh Francis and actress Laura Aikman . The show 's title is a parody of Ricky Martin 's 1999 hit single `` Livin ' la Vida Loca '' . The series follows the character of television personality Keith Lemon , capturing his home and work life , and everything in between . The series began airing on 2 August 2012 on ITV2 , and concluded its first series on 23 August 2012 . Whilst on Let 's Do Lunch with Gino & Mel , Lemon announced that a Christmas special of Lemon La Vida Loca would air in December . He confirmed this news on his Twitter page as well . A second series began airing on 6 June 2013 . Aikman announced that she would not be returning to the show for the second series , but she did make an appearance on episode 1 . It was announced in January 2014 that Lemon La Vida Loca would not be renewed for a third series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d13a8c46fe683e9807fa40d9a6b4b82", "text": "Steve Miller (science fiction writer) Steve Miller ( born July 31 , 1950 ) is an American science fiction writer from Winslow , Maine , best known for his works set in the Liaden universe , written in collaboration with his wife Sharon Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df0dbe8156c49d0564644bbcdc6549f1", "text": "Roger L. Simon This article is about the writer and political commentator ; not to be confused with the columnist and journalist Roger Simon . Roger Lichtenberg Simon ( born November 22 , 1943 ) is an American novelist and Academy Award-nominated screenwriter . He was formerly CEO of PJ Media ( formerly known as Pajamas Media ) and is now its CEO Emeritus . He is the author of ten novels , including the Moses Wine detective series , seven produced screenplays and two non-fiction books . He has served as president of the West Coast branch of PEN , a member of the Board of Directors of the Writers Guild of America , and was on the faculty of the American Film Institute and the Sundance Institute . His many journalistic articles have appeared in The New York Times , The Los Angeles Times , Commentary , and City Journal , among others", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df042a038c3e5ea7546c3cd7ebbcadfa", "text": "Steve Edge Steve Edge ( born 2 November 1972 ) is an English actor , writer and former stand-up comedian . He is most famous for his work on Starlings , Phoenix Nights , The Cup , The Visit , Peep Show and the satirical magazine show Star Stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "529e635a7eba1e1ee4d1624c96cfedbb", "text": "Erin O'Brien (writer) Erin O'Brien ( born 1965 ) is a fiction and nonfiction writer in the Cleveland area . From 2006 to 2010 , she wrote a biweekly column `` Rainy Day Woman , '' originally for the Cleveland Free Times and then the Cleveland Scene ; and her eclectic features and essays have appeared in the Cleveland Plain Dealer , the New York Times , the Los Angeles Times , and elsewhere . Her first novel , Harvey and Eck , was published by Zumaya publications in 2005 . Her first book of nonfiction The Irish Hungarian Guide to the Domestic Arts , was published by Red Giant Books in 2012 . She writes a blog , The Erin O'Brien Owner 's Manual for Human Beings . Erin O'Brien is the sister of writer John O'Brien , author of Leaving Las Vegas . His novel The Assault on Tony 's ( Grove Press , 1996 ) , had been left unfinished at the time of his death and was completed by Erin for posthumous publication . For five years , O'Brien was the editor of the Broadview Journal in Broadview Heights , OH , and is currently managing editor of the site Freshwater Cleveland . She also writes under the name `` Erin Nowjack . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fa77318750434b1ab2bb0c0c51afe6c", "text": "Byron Bay Writers Festival The Byron Bay Writers Festival is a literary event taking place annually in Byron Bay , New South Wales . The festival commenced in 1997 , and is run over a weekend . As of 2010 it included presentations by over 100 participants . The festival has included interviews with a number of notable writers including Brett Easton Ellis , Matthew Reilly and Kathy Lette . In 2005 the festival had an audience of between 7,000 and 8,000 , an increase of 25 per cent over the previous year . Notable participants included Midnight Oil drummer and songwriter Rob Hirst , writers Delia Falconer and Kate Grenville , and novelist Robert Drewe who lives in the area . The tenth festival was held in 2006 , and attracted an audience of 9,000 across 90 sessions . Presenters included sports journalist Gideon Haigh , actor and writer William McInnes , and Robert Drewe . The 2010 appearance by Brett Easton Ellis received mixed coverage following his remarks , both at the festival and through Twitter , about Australian singer Delta Goodrem , commenting `` I did n't know who she was but God she 's really hot '' . The Byron Bay Writers Festival is organised through the Northern Rivers Writers ' Centre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d2f53dbb1471895f18454db6df9e290", "text": "Tattoos (album) Tattoos is the third studio album by American singer Jason Derulo . The album was released on September 20 , 2013 through Beluga Heights Records and Atlantic Records and its affiliated record labels . Incorporating a base core of R&B , pop and electronic dance music , Derulo wanted the album to be `` totally different '' from his previous albums and show the growth in his writing and his overall performance saying `` there are so many twists and turns on the album ... It 's important when someone thinks they 've figured you out to flip them '' . A deluxe edition of the album featuring 3 bonus tracks , was released simultaneously alongside the eleven-track standard edition , which will only be made available in some European and Oceania countries . Derulo co-wrote every song on the album , also its production was handled by RedOne , Ricky Reed , DJ Frank E , Jonas Jeberg and Martin Johnson as well as others , to handle production for the album . This was the first album not to feature production from J.R. Rotem , who previously produced every song on Derulo 's debut album and three songs on his second album , Future History . In total Derulo had written over 300 songs and recorded between 100 and 120 songs for the album over a one-year period . Amongst those included are collaborations with rappers 2 Chainz , The Game and Pitbull , in addition to his longtime girlfriend Jordin Sparks who features on a song called `` Vertigo '' . Occasionally the album dips into other genres such adult contemporary and soul music . Tattoos was promoted with live renditions of the album 's songs during The Tattoos World Tour . The album was also preceded by the release of the lead single , a Joshua `` Ammo '' Coleman and Martin Johnson production called `` The Other Side '' , which peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart . A second single , `` Talk Dirty '' , featuring American rapper 2 Chainz , was released on August 2 , 2013 , it has since topped the charts in the United Kingdom and 13 other countries . Follow-up singles `` Marry Me '' was released a month before the album and reached the top-ten in Australia and top-twenty in New Zealand , whilst `` Trumpets '' was released in November 2013 , peaking at number one in Australia and on the UK R&B Chart . `` Stupid Love '' was released on March 24 , 2014 , as the fifth overall single and is currently impacting charts . Upon its release , the album received generally mixed reviews from music critics , some noting that the album helped Derulo bring out his more `` sensitive side '' compared to previous his work . Tattoos debuted at number five on the Australian Albums Chart and the UK Albums Chart , where it became his highest-charting album in that country . Only a five track extended play under the same title , was released in the United States , while the full length repackaged version of the album was released on April 15 , 2014 under the new title , Talk Dirty . During that same week , a special edition of Tattoos was released in the UK and Australia , featuring all of the newly recorded material from Talk Dirty in addition to the original album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e281575f6fafbbe0d986b0a578ecbd5a", "text": "Steven Hayward (Canadian writer) Steven Hayward is a Canadian novelist and short story writer . Born in Toronto , Hayward attended the University of Toronto and York University . His first book , Buddha Stevens and Other Stories , won the 2001 Upper Canada Writer 's Craft Award ; prior to that , the individual stories that would eventually make up this collection were nominated for the Pushcart and Journey prizes , won awards at the University of Greensboro , the University of Arkansas , and the University of Toronto , and had appeared in The Iowa Review , Writ , Exile , The Southwestern Review , Fiddlehead and Canadian Fiction Magazine . Amazon.ca describes Buddha Stevens and Other Stories as an `` intelligent , funny , and engaging volume of postmodern fictions deals with the essential elements of life : love , sex , age , and death . '' The review goes on to say , `` Unlike many postmodernists , however , Hayward sticks to very traditional plots and never hides his characters beneath layers of coy obscurity , proving that it is possible to tell a memorable story through an unusual , playful structure . '' Hayward holds a doctorate from York University in Shakespeare and Literary Theory . He taught from 2001 to 2008 at John Carroll University and currently is a professor of English at Colorado College and teaches on creative writing and fiction . His first novel , The Secret Mitzvah of Lucio Burke was published in Canada in February 2005 . The Italian translation won the Grinzane Cavour Prize for debut fiction in January 2006 . He has published nonfiction on film , literary theory , Renaissance drama , Canadian literature and The Sopranos . He is a member of the Cleveland East Side Writers group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "521f5e06c1d53ada0203d476cdb05c28", "text": "Steve Stern Steve Stern ( born 1947 ) is an author from Memphis , Tennessee . Much of his work draws inspiration from Yiddish folklore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cd9cdab9c21012fcb69fb4b6686d18c", "text": "Michele Serra Michele Serra ( born 10 July 1954 ) is an Italian writer , journalist and satirist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "78dee0a6546b747678955dd96db07958", "text": "War of the Worlds (2005 film) War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction disaster film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp , loosely based on the novel of the same title by H. G. Wells . It stars Tom Cruise , Dakota Fanning , Justin Chatwin , Miranda Otto and Tim Robbins , with narration by Morgan Freeman . In the film , an American dock worker is forced to look after his children , from whom he lives separately , as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with towering war machines . The film was shot in 73 days , using five different sound stages as well as locations in California , Connecticut , New Jersey , New York , and Virginia . The film was surrounded by a secrecy campaign so few details would be leaked before its release . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Hitachi . The film was released in the United States on June 29 and in United Kingdom on July 1 . War of the Worlds was a box office success , and became 2005 's fourth most successful film both domestically , with $ 234 million in North America , and $ 591 million overall . At the time of release , it was the highest-grossing film starring Tom Cruise .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb94856977f1f475d120c4735c79cb46", "text": "The City of Light (novel) Miasto światłości ( The City of Light ) is a novel written in 1924 by Mieczysław Smolarski . The novel entwines the genres of dystopia and catastrophism . The novel relays the end of the world by two natural disasters . The first of which destroys all civilisation , whilst the second , the whole of planet Earth , instigated by the complicity of its own inhabitants . The dystopic literary work warns against imperialism and barbarism as well as uncontrolled technological advancement . The novel 's themes include antimilitarism and pacifism , prevalent after World War I. Novels similar to , and inspired by The City of Light and other of Smolarski 's literary works , namely Podróż poślubna Pana Hamiltona ( The Honeymoon Trip of Mr. Hamilton , 1928 ) include : Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World , published in 1932 . Smolarski argued Huxley plagiarised his work , however the author never addressed these claims . In 1982 , claims of plagiarism were similarly put up against Antoni Smuszkiewicz 's Zaczarowana gra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26ac7ada27224f56b475a0f0da307243", "text": "Empire Trilogy The Empire Trilogy is a collaborative trilogy of political fantasy novels written by Raymond E. Feist and Janny Wurts . It traces the story of Mara of the Acoma 's rise to power from a convent novitiate to the most powerful woman in the fictional world of Kelewan . These three books are contemporary to Feist 's original Riftwar Saga and feature some crossover characters , mainly from Magician ( 1982 ) ( Pug , the protagonist of Magician , appears twice in Servant of the Empire ( 1990 ) and once in Mistress of the Empire ( 1992 ) ) . Mara struggles to rule her family after her father and brother are killed in a trap by the Minwanabi , one of the most powerful families in the Empire and longtime enemies of the Acoma . Mara quickly learns how to play the Game of the Council with skill and challenges the binding traditions of her world . Despite many requests from fans , both authors have ruled out any further novels featuring these characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa80d5d3bede497ba98e700d056683cd", "text": "The Worlds of Science The Worlds of Science is a series of science book paperbacks by various authors published by Pyramid Books in the 1960s . The series included both reprints of works originally published independently and new works written especially for the series . Prominent contributors included Isaac Asimov and L. Sprague de Camp , among others . Books in the series include : The Human Brain , by John Pfeifer Maya , by Charles Gallenkamp Nine Planets , by Alan E. Nourse Living Earth , by Peter Farb Chemistry Creates a New World , by Bernard Jaffe The Road to Man , by Herbert Wendt Giants of Science , by Philip Cane Snakes of the World , by Raymond Ditmars The ABC of Physics , by Jerome S. Meyer Computers , by Stanley Englehardt Man and Dolphin , by John C. Lilly Kingdom of the Octopus , by Frank W. Lane Dinosaurs , by Nicholas Hutton III The Story of Weather , by Capt. David C. Holmes , USN Fact and Fancy , by Isaac Asimov Electronics , by Stanley L. Englehardt Conquest of the Moon , by William Hines Elephant , by L. Sprague de Camp Category : Science books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "627a4edadbeeb1c0151621756c1fe57b", "text": "Men of war Men of war may refer to : Man-of-war , a type of wooden warship Men of War , a real-time tactics game for the PC released in 2009 Men of War ( series ) Men of War ( film ) , a 1994 film starring Dolph Lundgren Men of War a 1993 novel by Jerry Pournelle Men of War ( comics ) , a series of comic books published by DC Comics", "title": "" }, { "docid": "647847e7e4ec0d785db4eb42a7dbe95d", "text": "The War in 2020 The War in 2020 is a 1991 military-adventure novel written by Ralph Peters . Taking place in a future dystopia , the novel 's plot is spread over 15 years and mostly features the United States ' efforts to defend the Soviet Union against an alliance of Japan , South Africa , and the Arab Islamic Union , a confederation of militant Islamic states . The novel is heavily written around the viewpoint of the lead protagonist , US Army air cavalry officer George Taylor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc1cb6c4e4e19864eadc2fe395b57bf8", "text": "The Lost World (Crichton novel) The Lost World is a techno thriller novel written by Michael Crichton and published in 1995 by Knopf . A paperback edition ( ISBN 0-345-40288-X ) followed in 1996 . It is a sequel to his earlier novel Jurassic Park . In 1997 , both novels were re-published as a single book titled Michael Crichton 's Jurassic World , unrelated to the 2015 film of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b6c7ad061b71724b5ad685f62fe67", "text": "Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians . In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a0410d0961f725611a91338a059eb4a", "text": "No Present Like Time The Fantasy/Science Fiction novel No Present Like Time ( 2005 ) by Steph Swainston is the sequel to the critically acclaimed The Year of Our War ( 2004 ) . Again the Emperor 's winged messenger Jant is the protagonist of the story . The novel features a successful challenger to the position of Swordsman in the Emperor 's Circle of immortals and the rebellion of the former holder of that position . The story also concerns the apparent discovery of a previously unknown island and the naval expedition to it , which Jant is forced to join . Like its predecessor , the novel has been described as an example of the New Weird literary genre . The sequel to No Present Like Time was published in May 2007 and is called The Modern World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7c768c8e79e427a5bcf587e656f746e", "text": "Fortunes of War (novel series) Fortunes of War is the collective name given to six novels by Olivia Manning , consisting of The Balkan Trilogy and The Levant Trilogy . The Balkan Trilogy comprises the books The Great Fortune ( 1960 ) , The Spoilt City ( 1962 ) and Friends And Heroes ( 1965 ) . The Levant Trilogy comprises the books The Danger Tree ( 1977 ) , The Battle Lost And Won ( 1978 ) and The Sum Of Things ( 1980 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce9ec4c71c03d9c8b56dfa989c53624a", "text": "The Half-Made World The Half-Made World is a 2010 steampunk fantasy novel by Felix Gilman . It is set in an alternate version of the American Wild West where the far west reaches of the world are untamed and still being created . It tells the story of Liv Alverhuysen , a female psychologist who sets off on an adventure to heal the mad and John Creedmoor , an Agent of the Gun who is goaded into obedience to his master 's orders , despite his growing disdain for them . The novel pits two rival factions against one another as they each hunt for a way to end the everlasting war between them . The Line is industrial , with technological weapons and trains that speed by so quickly the countryside is barely seen , and take over towns and make their citizens slaves at their whim . The Gun are made up of thieves and murderers , and keep hold of the people by fear and violence , but they are losing the war against the Line . The book was nominated for a 2011 Locus Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38599657796070c540ce962a2896985a", "text": "The Penultimate Truth The Penultimate Truth is a 1964 science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick . The story is set in a future where the bulk of humanity is kept in large underground shelters . The people are told that World War III is being fought above them , when in reality the war ended years ago . The novel is based on Dick 's 1953 short story `` The Defenders '' . Dick also drew upon two other of his short stories for the plot of the novel : `` The Mold of Yancy '' and `` The Unreconstructed M '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ff9cc220f0cfd7ce11f67f249257b3", "text": "Invasion of the Sea Invasion of the Sea ( L'Invasion de la mer ) is an adventure novel written by Jules Verne . It was published in 1905 , the last to be published in the author 's lifetime , and describes the exploits of Berber nomads and European travelers in Saharan Africa . The European characters arrive to study the feasibility of flooding a low-lying region of the Sahara desert to create an inland sea and open up the interior of Northern Africa to trade . In the end , however , the protagonists ' pride in humanity 's potential to control and reshape the world is humbled by a cataclysmic earthquake which results in the natural formation of just such a sea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e608fb20b3f2d00805a18adb492894a1", "text": "War Cry (novel) War Cry is a 2017 novel by Wilbur Smith . It is a Courtney saga novel , set between World War One and Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f98bb41838ece69c768bb1e545831057", "text": "War Horse (novel) War Horse is a children 's novel by English author Michael Morpurgo . It was first published in Great Britain by Kaye & Ward in 1982 . The story recounts the experiences of Joey , a horse purchased by the Army for service in World War I France and the attempts of young Albert , his previous owner , to bring him safely home . It formed the basis of both an award winning play ( 2007 ) and an acclaimed film adaptation ( 2011 ) by Steven Spielberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b363b108a2b274e8228b4a85609f2a5b", "text": "Highways to a War Highways to a War is a Miles Franklin Award-winning novel by Australian author Christopher Koch . In an interview in 2000 , Koch noted that this novel , and his later work Out of Ireland , formed a diptych called Beware of the Past .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04e6f05a55c7d68b2528d247c67fe669", "text": "The Peace War The Peace War is a science fiction novel by American writer Vernor Vinge , about authoritarianism and technological progress . It was first published as a serial in Analog in 1984 , and then appeared in book form shortly afterward . It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1985 . Its sequels are `` The Ungoverned '' , which was a novella published in his collection True Names and Other Dangers , and the novel Marooned in Realtime.The Peace War and Marooned in Realtime were collected in Across Realtime '' ( Baen Books , 1991 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88f93a90474fe87b5e76cc6e046712fa", "text": "Dragon Fire (novel) Dragon Fire is a 2000 novel by BBC political and foreign correspondent Humphrey Hawksley about a 2007 war between China , India and Pakistan , which draws in Australia , Bhutan , Myanmar , Nepal , New Zealand , Tibet , the United Kingdom , and the United States , and threatens to escalate to nuclear war . While a work of fiction , the novel attempts to raise awareness of real geopolitical issues in the region . This novel gives us nightmare scenarios where the world 's worst fears begin on 10:00 a.m. on 3 May 2007 . A SFF ( Special Frontier Force ) Major , Gendun Choedrak Assaults Drapchi prison with paratroopers to free Tibetan religious leaders who are being incarcerated there . Far out west , Pakistan launches an attack on the strategic outpost of Kargil , promptly raising the green crescent flag on Indian soil . China accuses India of attacking Chinese soil and declares war . It 's Pakistan and China vs India now , 3 nuclear powers . Nuclear arsenals are being mobilized . Later Pakistan is devastated while India and China are threatening nuclear war . Russia says whoever is involved in this matter will have to face her first . The West 's greatest nightmares are becoming true .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1b2980625cf400259f4c4e0bac5953", "text": "The Lost Worlds of 2001 The Lost Worlds of 2001 is a 1972 book by Arthur C. Clarke , published by Signet as an accompaniment to the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey . The book itself consists in part of behind-the-scenes notes from Clarke concerning scriptwriting ( and rewriting ) , as well as production issues . The core of the book , however , is contained in excerpts from the proto-novel and an early screenplay that did not make it into the final version . Alternative settings for launch preparation , the EVA scene where astronaut Frank Poole is lost , and varying dialogues concerning the HAL 9000 unit are all featured in the book . Also included is the original short story `` The Sentinel '' upon which 2001 is loosely based .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bef238b1fb501b9b68b618a1d4bfa6e0", "text": "Mars: The Home Front `` Mars : The Home Front '' is a short story by George Alec Effinger , published in War of the Worlds : Global Dispatches . It is a crossover between H. G. Wells ' The War of the Worlds and Edgar Rice Burroughs ' Barsoom series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "29d07fb8d2af397f78035c7bde1988db", "text": "New York New York is a state in the northeastern United States , and is the 27th-most extensive , fourth-most populous , and seventh-most densely populated U.S. state . New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Vermont to the east . The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island , east of Long Island , as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest . The state of New York , with an estimated 19.8 million residents in 2015 , is also referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City , the state 's most populous city and its economic hub . With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . New York City is a global city , exerting a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . The home of the United Nations Headquarters , New York City is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . New York City makes up over 40 % of the population of New York State . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area , and nearly 40 % lives on Long Island . Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York , future King James II of England . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . New York has a diverse geography . The southern part of the state consists of Long Island and several smaller associated islands , as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley , most of which lie within the wider Atlantic Coastal Plain . The large region known as Upstate New York consists of several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains , including the Allegheny Plateau and Catskills along New York 's Southern Tier , and the Adirondack Mountains , Thousand Islands archipelago , and Saint Lawrence Seaway in the Northeastern lobe of the state . These more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys -- the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley , which forms the core of the Erie Canal . Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario and Lake Erie . Between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls . The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes , a popular vacation and tourist destination . New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York . The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing . In 1609 , the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch , who built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers , where the present-day capital of Albany later developed . The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley , establishing the colony of New Netherland , a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration . The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664 . The borders of the British colony , the Province of New York , were similar to those of the present-day state . Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors , with New York State hosting four of the world 's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 : Times Square , Central Park , Niagara Falls ( shared with Ontario ) , and Grand Central Terminal . New York is home to the Statue of Liberty , a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom , democracy , and opportunity . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . New York 's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities , including Columbia University , Cornell University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "81e5b640d193bdc50c8bb3724095243a", "text": "New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year . The city , which elects the mayor as its chief executive , consists of the five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Queens and Staten Island ) , which consolidated to form `` Greater '' New York on January 1 , 1898 . The consolidated city 's first mayor , Robert A. Van Wyck , was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897 . Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller , unconsolidated City of New York ( Manhattan , later expanded into the Bronx ) . The current mayor , now in his first term , is Bill de Blasio . He was elected on November 5 , 2013 , to a four-year term that began on January 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59e73372c9bdae4a41c208589431b1bc", "text": "List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations Cities considered to have significant Chinese-American populations are large U.S. cities or municipalities with a critical mass of at least 1 % of the total urban population ; medium-sized cities with a critical mass of at least 1 % of their total population ; and small cities with a critical mass of at least 10 % of the total population . According to the 2012 Census estimates , the three metropolitan areas with the largest Chinese-American populations were the Greater New York Combined Statistical Area at 735,019 people , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area at 629,243 people , and the Greater Los Angeles Combined Statistical Area at about 566,968 people . In the post-1965 era , first - and second-generation immigrants include those from Mainland China , Hong Kong Macau , and Taiwan . Also included in the Chinese-American population enumeration are ethnic Chinese from Malaysia and Vietnam who might identify themselves as Chinese , thus skewing the census reporting . New York City is home to by far the highest Chinese-American population of any city proper , with an estimated 573,388 Chinese-Americans in New York City , significantly higher than the total of the next five cities combined ; multiple large Chinatowns in Manhattan , Brooklyn ( three ) , and Queens ( three ) are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves , as large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York , with the largest metropolitan Chinese population outside Asia . The Los Angeles County city of Monterey Park has the highest percentage of Chinese-Americans of any municipality , at 43.7 % of its population , or 24,758 people . The San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County in particular has one of the most prominent collections of U.S. suburbs with large foreign-born Chinese-speaking populations , ranging from working-class individuals residing in Rosemead and El Monte to wealthier immigrants living in Arcadia , San Marino , and Diamond Bar . A similar demographic shift has also taken place in the southern half of the San Francisco Bay Area . Conversely , the suburbs of New York City within the state of New Jersey are notable for their widespread and increasing prevalence of Chinese-Americans ( see list below ) , reflecting their general affluence and propensity for professional occupations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb956f67a42d6bbcf46a2ad7f6155a51", "text": "Lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers This is a list of lists by year of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers . The New York Times Best Seller list was first published without fanfare on 12 October 1931 . It consisted of five fiction and four non-fiction for the New York City region only . The following month the list was expanded to eight cities , with a separate list for each city . By the early 1940s , fourteen cities were included . A national list was created 9 April 1942 , in The New York Times Book Review ( Sundays ) as a supplement to the regular paper 's city lists ( Monday edition ) . The national list ranked by weighting how many times the book appeared in each city list . A few years later , the city lists were eliminated leaving only the national rankings , which was compiled according to `` reports from leading booksellers in 22 cities , '' a system which remains , although the specifics have changed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f97f484b6093650edf0f2f8b03a14bc7", "text": "Statistical area (United States) The United States federal government defines and delineates the nation 's metropolitan areas for statistical purposes , using a set of standard statistical area definitions . As of 2013 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) defined and delineated 388 metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) and 541 micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) in the United States and Puerto Rico . Many of these 929 MSAs and μSAs are , in turn , components of larger combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) consisting of adjacent MSAs and μSAs that are linked by commuting ties ; as of 2013 , 524 metropolitan and micropolitan areas are components of the 169 defined CSAs . Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas are defined as consisting of one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents with at least one urban core area meeting relevant population thresholds , plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core , as measured by commuting ties . A metropolitan statistical area has at least one urban core with a population of at least 50,000 . In a micropolitan statistical area , the largest urban core has a population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763041e33387355b12f2ea7a347a2815", "text": "Yorktown, New York Yorktown is a town that lies on the north border in Westchester County , New York , in a suburb approximately 38 mi north of midtown Manhattan . The population was 36,081 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57f27d996c40f7b73986158ec8f8b15a", "text": "Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south . Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f73d4bf9c20413f2fd6330a37b0315", "text": "New York City ethnic enclaves Since its founding in 1625 by Dutch traders as New Amsterdam , New York City has been a major destination for immigrants of many nationalities who have formed ethnic enclaves , neighborhoods dominated by one ethnicity . Freed African American slaves also moved to New York City in the Great Migration and the later Second Great Migration and formed ethnic enclaves . These neighborhoods are set apart from the main city by differences such as food , goods for sale , or even language . Ethnic enclaves provide inhabitants security in work and social opportunities , but limit economic opportunities , do not encourage the development of English speaking , and keep immigrants in their own culture . , 36 % of the population of New York City are immigrants . African Americans , Haitian Americans , Jamaican Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , and Trinidadian Americans have all formed Caribbean ethnic enclaves in New York . Asian ethnic groups with enclaves in New York include Chinese Americans , Japanese Americans , Filipino Americans , Indian Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , Afghan Americans , Burmese Americans , Bangladeshi Americans , Nepalese Americans , Sri Lankan Americans , Bhutanese Americans , Thai Americans , Pakistani Americans , Indonesian Americans , Malaysian Americans , Taiwanese Americans , and Korean Americans . European ethnic groups with ethnic enclaves include Greek Americans , Irish Americans , Italian Americans , Albanian Americans , Jewish Americans , Polish Americans , and Russian Americans . Latin American groups with ethnic enclaves include Dominican Americans , Guyanese , Salvadoran American , Ecuadorian American , Mexican Americans , and Puerto Ricans . Middle Eastern ethnic groups that have formed ethnic enclaves include Palestinian Americans , Jordanian Americans , Egyptian Americans , Syrian Americans and Lebanese Americans . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da93b71c3744bb8141bebdc4356f3d8d", "text": "Transportation in New Jersey Transportation in New Jersey utilizes a combination of road , rail , air , and water modes . New Jersey is situated between Philadelphia and New York City , two major metropolitan centers of the Boston-Washington megalopolis , making it a regional corridor for transportation . As a result , New Jersey 's freeways carry high volumes of interstate traffic and products . The main thoroughfare for long distance travel is the New Jersey Turnpike , the nation 's fifth-busiest toll road . The Garden State Parkway connects the state 's densely populated north to its southern shore region . New Jersey has the 4th smallest area of U.S. states , but its population density of 1,196 persons per sq. mi ( 462 persons per km2 ) causes congestion to be a major issue for motorists . New Jersey has a statewide mass transit system , centered on transportation to New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey Transit , the chief operator of intrastate public transportation , manages three separate light rail systems , eleven commuter rail lines , and a statewide bus system . The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH ) links transportation hubs in Manhattan and northeastern New Jersey , while the PATCO Speedline connects downtown Philadelphia to Camden County , New Jersey . Intercity rail is operated by Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor between the major population centers of the Northeastern United States . In addition , New Jersey is home to Newark Liberty International Airport , the nation 's fifth-busiest international gateway , and the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , the principal container ship facility of the New York metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f91e93ce0ac25bb4376534f2af933a", "text": "Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan , also known as Downtown Manhattan , is the southernmost part of Manhattan , the central borough for business , culture , and government in the City of New York , which itself originated at the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7841c6ff75de25b25f73b25019c3116", "text": "New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol , the seat of New York State government , is located in Albany , the capital city of the U.S. state of New York . The capitol building is part of the Empire State Plaza complex on State Street in Capitol Park . Housing the New York State Legislature , the building was completed in 1899 at a cost of US$ 25 million ( equivalent to $ million in ) , making it the most expensive government building of its time . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 , then included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed in 1978 . The New York State Capitol was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5babcd801020d3d568da5a3ac6d4916f", "text": "Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria . Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl . Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "142f4db8dd947a1f467cd6d048a478f8", "text": "Brooklyn Community Board 12 Brooklyn Community Board 12 is New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Borough Park , Kensington , Ocean Parkway , and Midwood . It is delimited by 61st Street on the west , 8th Avenue , 37th Street and Caton Avenue on the north , Coney Island Avenue , 18th Street , MacDonald Avenue and Long Island Rail Road on the east , as well as by Avenue P on the south . Its current chairman is Yidel Perlstein , and its district manager is Barry Spitzer . As of the United States Census 2000 , the Community Board has a population of 185,046 , up from 160,018 in 1990 and 155,903 in 1980 . Of them ( as of 2000 ) , 120,697 ( 65.2 % ) are White non Hispanic , 5,398 ( 2.9 % ) are African-American , 26,030 ( 14.1 % ) Asian or Pacific Islander , 206 ( 0.1 % ) American Indian or Native Alaskan , 2,089 ( 1.1 % ) of some other race , 6,224 ( 3.4 % ) of two or more race , 24,402 ( 13.2 % ) of Hispanic origins . 44.1 % of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004 , up from 25.6 % in 2000 . The land area is 2304.1 acre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8275e1292529d09f440855d3da7a8a17", "text": "Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil . The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "400608b302763faf059c7ce7256b91f0", "text": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York is a Latin Catholic archdiocese in New York State . It encompasses the boroughs of Manhattan , the Bronx and Staten Island in New York City and the Counties of Dutchess , Orange , Putnam , Rockland , Sullivan , Ulster , and Westchester in New York . The Archdiocese of New York is the second-largest diocese in the United States , encompassing 296 parishes that serve around 2.8 million Catholics in addition to hundreds of Catholic schools , hospitals and charities . The Archdiocese also operates the well-known St. Joseph 's Seminary , commonly referred to as Dunwoodie . The Archdiocese of New York is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of New York which includes the suffragan dioceses of Albany , Brooklyn , Buffalo , Ogdensburg , Rochester , Rockville Centre and Syracuse . The Latin name of the archdiocese is Archidioecesis Neo-Eboracensis ( Eboracum being the Roman name of York , England ) , and the corporate name is Archdiocese of New York . It publishes a bi-weekly newspaper , Catholic New York , the largest of its kind in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0113dcd279705361b65e92d8bedbef63", "text": "Farmers' Market (New York City) There are over 50 farmer 's markets in New York City in all boroughs , which operate under GrowNYC under the `` Greenmarket '' name . GrownNYC 's food hub , `` Greenmarket , '' includes Greenmarket Co. , Youthmarket , Fresh Food Box , and the Wholesale Greenmarket under it 's programming . Greenmarket farmers market aims to encourage regional agriculture by allowing small family farms to sell their locally grown fruits , vegetables , flowers , dairy and other products , so that people in New York of all incomes and in all parts , have access to the fresh , nutritious , provincial , affordable and sustainable goods . GrownNYC 's network , Greenmarket Co. has customers that range from Michelin starred restaurants , popular food retailers to family run bodegas , senior centers and soap kitchens ; and their sources are not only from small to mid sized farms in Northeast region of New York State and New York City but also from farms in New Jersey , Pennsylvania and New England , providing New Yorkers with a bountiful and diverse array of fresh foods ☂ . One well-known farmer 's market in New York is the Union Square Greenmarket which was founded in 1976 , held year-round on Mondays , Wednesdays , Fridays and Saturdays with changing vendors on different days . The number of regional farmers , fishers , and bakers go as high as 140 during the most popular seasons , when the market is visited by food-enthusiast New Yorkers . Union square farmers market offers seasonal , fresh fruits and vegetables , artisanal cheeses , meats , breads , pickles , jams , wines , flowers amongst many others . The market is situated at the city 's one of the most vibrant locations and allows about 60,000 people to shop , taste and tour while meeting with farmers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff4308236ca9491c317755b307182c55", "text": "Law enforcement in New York City Law enforcement in New York City is carried out by numerous law enforcement agencies . New York City has the highest concentration of law enforcement agencies in the United States . As with the rest of the US , agencies operate at federal and state levels . However , New York City 's unique nature means many more operate at lower levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f534f4151ddb16ae9107245392603b4", "text": "NYC Health + Hospitals NYC Health + Hospitals , officially the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation ( HHC ) , operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City . A public benefit corporation with $ 6.7 billion in annual revenues , HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients , including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents , providing services interpreted in more than 190 languages . HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation ( Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969 ) . It is similar to a municipal agency , but has a Board of Directors . It operates 11 acute care hospitals , five nursing homes , six diagnostic and treatment centers , and more than 70 community-based primary care sites , serving primarily the poor and working class . HHC 's own MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area 's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half a million New Yorkers . Each year HHC 's facilities provide about 225,000 inpatient admissions , one million emergency room visits and five million clinic visits to New Yorkers . HHC facilities treat nearly one-fifth of all general hospital discharges and more than one third of emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits in New York City . The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital , the oldest public hospital in the United States . Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City . The president of HHC is Stanley Brezenoff . The organization underwent a rebranding initiative in November 2015 , shortening its name from 40 characters to 19 characters , as `` NYC Health + Hospitals '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b9fbcf749895be1b66c5bbca75ece00", "text": "Brooklyn Community Board 9 Brooklyn Community Board 9 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights , Prospect Lefferts Gardens , and Wingate . It is delimited by Ocean Avenue and Flatbush Avenue on the west , Eastern Parkway on the north , Rochester , East New York and Utica Avenues on the east , as well as by Clarkson Avenue on the south . Its former acting chairperson Laura Imperiale , and district manager Pearl R. Miles . Miles were accused of `` doing things without involving the community , '' per another community leader . As of the 2000 US Census , the Community Board oversaw a population of 104,014 , down from 110,715 in 1990 but up from 96,667 in 1980 . Of them ( as of 2000 ) , 79,466 ( 76.4 % ) are African-American , 11,733 ( 11.3 % ) are White non Hispanic , 8,581 ( 8.2 % ) of Hispanic origins , 2,416 ( 2.3 % ) of two or more race , 819 ( 0.8 % ) Asian or Pacific Islander , 816 ( 0.8 % ) of some other race , and 183 ( 0.2 % ) American Indian or Native Alaskan , . 36.4 % of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004 , up from 20.8 % in 2000 . The land area is 1002.7 acre .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad554c24cfffe960451bcc5954c5076f", "text": "Ethiopia Ethiopia ( -LSB- ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə -RSB- ኢትዮጵያ , , ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ , yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk ) , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south . With over 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria . It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 km2 , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa . Some of the oldest evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC , Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history . During the first centuries AD , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . Ethiopia derived prestige with its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , becoming the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty . Subsequently , many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia 's flag following their independence . It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations . In 1974 , at the end of Haile Selassie 's reign , power fell to a communist military dictatorship known as the Derg , backed by the Soviet Union , until it was defeated by the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front , which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Ethiopia 's ancient Ge'ez script , also known as Ethiopic , is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world . The Ethiopian calendar , which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar , co-exists alongside the Borana calendar . A majority of the population adheres to Christianity ( mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent ` ay ) , while around a third follows Islam ( primarily Sunni Islam ) . The country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash . A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews , known as Bete Israel , resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s , but most of them have since emigrated to Israel . Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups , the four largest of which are the Oromiffa , Amhara , Somali , and Tigrayans . Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches . Additionally , Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions . Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation 's Nilotic ethnic minorities . Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa ( which was one of the 14 provinces in the old Ethiopian administration ) . It is a land of natural contrasts , with its vast fertile West , jungles , and numerous rivers , and the world 's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north . The Ethiopian Highlands are Africa 's largest continuous mountain ranges , and Sof Omar Caves contain Africa 's largest cave . Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa . Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN , the Group of 24 ( G-24 ) , the Non-Aligned Movement , G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity . Ethiopia 's capital city Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of the African Union , the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , African Aviation Training HQ , the African Standby Force , and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa . In the 1970s and 1980s , Ethiopia suffered from civil wars and communist purges which devastated its economy . The country has begun to recover recently however , and now has the largest economy ( by GDP ) in East Africa and Central Africa . According to Global Fire Power , Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world , and the third most powerful in Africa .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "34b862d06558b90ac5f59855b6f4b74f", "text": "Eastern Jebel languages The Eastern Jebel languages are a small subfamily belonging to the Eastern Sudanic subgroup of Nilo-Saharan . They are spoken in the hills of An Nil al Azraq province in eastern Sudan ( the name `` Jebel '' is simply Arabic for `` mountain '' . ) The group consists of : Gaam ( also called `` Ingassana '' or `` Tabi '' ) Aka ( Silak ) Kelo ( Tornasi ) Molo ( Malkan ) . Gaam has some 40 -- 80,000 speakers , whereas the other three are on the verge of extinction . Gaam was believed to be the only member of this group until more information about Aka , Kelo , and Molo was obtained by Bender ; the latter three languages have been significantly influenced by Berta . Gaam is spoken in a compact area around the towns of Bau , Bobuk , Kukur , and Sawda in the Tabi Hills , roughly 11 ° 15 ′ -- 30 ′ N by 33 ° 55 ′ -- 34 ° 10 ′ E . The other three are spoken in isolated pockets to its south : Aka in the Sillok Hills , Kelo in the Tornasi Hills on jebels Tornasi ( Kayli village ) and Beni Sheko , and Molo at Jebel Malkan near the Ethiopian border .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13defd949ee7d6f729fd15723c2546b", "text": "People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia The People 's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( PDRE ) was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991 , as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers ' Party of Ethiopia ( WPE ) . Its creation led to the dissolution of the Derg , the military junta formerly in charge of the country . A Marxist-Leninist one-party state with the WPE as supreme authority took its place , though the WPE 's leadership was dominated by the surviving members of the Derg . After five years of preparation , a socialist state was officially proclaimed in 1984 , and the WPE was formed as the country 's only legal party . It was a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party modeled on its counterparts in Europe . The PDRE officially came into existence on 22 February 1987 , three weeks after the national referendum that approved the 1987 constitution , although the Derg remained in power as late as September , long after the 14 June general election that elected the members of the National Shengo ( the legislature ) . The WPE was officially granted a monopoly of power as the `` leading force in the state and society . '' The government was highly centralized and for all intents and purposes acted as merely a transmission belt for the party . Throughout the PDRE 's brief life , its authority was challenged not only by armed militants in Eritrea , which had been annexed to Ethiopia several decades earlier , but also by internal resistance groups , foremost of which was the Tigrayan Peoples ' Liberation Front . The PDRE came to an end in May 1991 , when Mengistu fled Ethiopia and military units of the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front entered Addis Ababa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc63764d1dd4e526804a208d23ef4486", "text": "List of conflicts in Ethiopia This is a list of conflicts in Ethiopia arranged chronologically from medieval to modern times . This list includes both nation-wide and international types of war , including ( but not limited to ) the following : wars of independence , liberation wars , colonial wars , undeclared wars , proxy wars , territorial disputes , and world wars . Also listed might be any battle that occurred within the territory of what is today known as the , `` Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia '' but was itself only part of a operation of a campaign of a theater of a war . There may also be periods of violent civil unrest listed , such as : riots , shootouts , spree killings , massacres , terrorist attacks , and civil wars . The list might also contain episodes of : human sacrifice , mass suicide , massacres , and genocides .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27cf620b73eea78f5ea18d3c1107f116", "text": "Welayta people Wolayta ( also spelled Wolaitta ) ( Ethiopic : ወላይታ Wolaytta ) is the name of an ethnic group and its former kingdom , located in southern Ethiopia . According to the most recent census ( 2007 ) , the people of Wolayta number 1.7 million , or 2.31 percent of the country 's population , of whom 289,707 are city-dwellers . The language of the Wolayta people , similarly called Wolaytta , belongs to the Omotic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family . Despite their small population , Wolayta people have widely influenced national music , dance and cuisine in Ethiopia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f25045902c8574baabda41e9b05ecc6f", "text": "Awi people The Awi people are an ethnic group in Ethiopia , and are grouped as one of the Agaw people . The Awis live in Agew Awi Zone in Central Gojjam , and have a few communities in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d19ca7ae778c8e6f2fd0109cc4f7306", "text": "Mane people The Manes ( so called by the Portuguese ) or Mani or Manneh were invaders who attacked the western coast of Africa from the east , beginning during the first half of the sixteenth century . Walter Rodney has suggested that `` the Mane invaders of Sierra Leone comprised two principal elements -- a ruling élite originating in the southern section of the Mande world of the Western Sudan , and numerical forces drawn from the area around Cape Mount '' ; the first half of the sixteenth century would have taken Mande clans to the Liberian coast `` from the region around Beyla and perhaps even from the hinterland of modern Ghana , '' followed by more incursions during the third quarter of the century , bringing both exploitation of the local peoples and improved military techniques and iron and cloth manufacture . `` They also profoundly influenced religious and social patterns , particularly with respect to the secret societies of the area . '' Yves Person identified the early Mane leaders with the Kamara or Camara clan , `` with traditions relating to the sea , '' from `` the Konyan highlands around Beyla . '' George E. Brooks says they were originally led by `` a woman of reputedly elite status from the Mali Empire named Macarico , '' who `` left the Konyan highlands around the mid-1500s and traversed present-day Liberia in a south-southwest direction ... Along the way the Mani allied with Sumbas , people speaking Kruan languages . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57535036947e994ca7e2ed804b91d156", "text": "Hadar, Ethiopia Hadar ( also spelled Adda Da'ar ; Afar `` treaty -LSB- ahdi -RSB- stream -LSB- d'ar -RSB- '' ) is a village in Ethiopia , on the southern edge of the Afar Triangle . The village is known for the nearby archaeological digs which have yielded some well-known hominin fossils . According to Jon Kalb , early maps show caravan routes passing within 10 or 15 kilometers of Hadar but not through it . The British explorer L.M. Nesbitt passed 15 kilometres west of Hadar in 1928 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2b833ed3cac075e4f5c970f0dbcb988", "text": "Ethnolinguistic group An ethnolinguistic group ( or ethno-linguistic group ) is one of the types of group identity that defines membership of an ethnic group . Members are unified by a common language ( and possibly script ) . Herodotus ( 484 -- 425 BC ) enumerated shared language , homoglōsson ( `` speaking the same language '' ) , as one of the four pillars of ethnic identity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ac5ded3456649ddb2f386be610d3e0", "text": "Catholic Church in Ethiopia The Catholic Church in Ethiopia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome . The Oriental Ethiopian Catholic Church , the primary organization of Catholicism in the country , is especially close to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church , whose doctrine and liturgical tradition it shares . While separated by their understanding of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome , the Ethiopian Catholic and Orthodox Churches have basically the same sacraments and liturgy . As of 2010 , there were 610,714 members of the Ethiopian Catholic Church . There are also a small number of Latin-Rite Catholics in the country , primarily Italian Ethiopians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6de0ca35a7b7e9f1bd895d42acefd6b3", "text": "Imperial Academy (Ethiopia) The Imperial Academy was the national academy of Ethiopia , first established by the Ministry of Education and Fine Arts in 1942 . It was tasked with preserving the `` traditional genius '' of the country ; among other things , the native Ethiopic script and the literary and scholarly tradition it enabled , as well as the `` promotion of research in languages and fine arts '' . In 1956 Emperor Haile Selassie promulgated a decree chartering the Academy as an independent organisation . The Academy , as a single body , eventually ceased to operate during the time of the Derg regime in the 1980s , although some of its constituent organizations have persisted - directly or indirectly - to the present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2635d6e5e9835c51d5cf31d4639872ff", "text": "North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region . North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since . The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world . Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a91f840c9a20866c1100bce60f888843", "text": "Gurage languages The Gurage languages ( ጉራጌ Guragē , also known as Guragie ) are Afroasiatic languages of the South Ethiopic branch of the Semitic family spoken by the Gurage people . The ethnic group inhabits the Gurage Zone within the larger multi-ethnic Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples ' Region in southwestern Ethiopia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c66d8bcb9c7bc293d7d70dc92f613ff", "text": "Trade unions in Ethiopia The trade unions of Ethiopia have a total membership of approximately 300,000 . Over 203,000 are members of the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions ( CETU ) . Ethiopia has also ratified ILO conventions 29 ( in 2003 ) , 87 ( 1963 ) , 98 ( 1963 ) , 100 ( 1999 ) , 105 ( 1999 ) , 111 ( 1966 ) , 138 ( 1999 ) , and 182 ( 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b582f45de91658d78c06061fe68bf41", "text": "Nyasa people The Nyasa are a people of southeastern Africa , concentrated mainly in Malawi , southwestern Tanzania and parts of northern Mozambique . The people are also known as the Kimanda , Kinyasa and Manda . Significant populations of Nyasa live along the shores of northeastern Lake Malawi . Many Nyanja people of Malawi refers to themselves as Nyasa ; as of 2010 roughly 500,000 claim to be Nyasa people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea75127ab90a742b274e70d53686932", "text": "Majang people The Majang people , or Majangir , live in southwestern Ethiopia and speak a Nilo-Saharan language of the Surmic cluster . The 1998 census gave the total of the Majangir population as 15,341 , but since they live scattered in the hills in dispersed settlements ( Stauder 1971 ) , their actual total number is undoubtedly much higher . They live around cities of Tepi , Mett ` i , and scattered southwest of Mizan Teferi and towards Gambela .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b91d15587364c4b3b0f5dd91bee98b", "text": "Hadza people The Hadza , or Hadzabe , are an indigenous ethnic group in north-central Tanzania , living around Lake Eyasi in the central Rift Valley and in the neighboring Serengeti Plateau . The Hadza number just under 1,000 . Some 300 -- 400 Hadza live as part-time hunter-gatherers , although the increasing impact of tourism and encroaching pastoralists pose serious threats to the continuation of their traditional way of life . The Hadza are not closely genetically related to any other people . While traditionally classified with the Khoisan languages , primarily because it has clicks , the Hadza language appears to be an isolate , unrelated to any other . As descendants of Tanzania 's aboriginal hunter-gatherer population , they have probably occupied their current territory for thousands of years , with relatively little modification to their basic way of life until the past hundred years . Since the 18th century , the Hadza came into increasing contact with farming and herding people entering Hadzaland and its vicinity ; the interactions were often hostile and caused population decline in the late 19th century . The first European contact and written accounts of the Hadza are from the late 19th century . Since then , there have been many attempts by successive colonial administrations , the independent Tanzanian government , and foreign missionaries to settle the Hadza , by introducing farming and Christianity . These have largely failed , and many Hadza still pursue virtually the same way of life as their ancestors are described as having in early 20th-century accounts . In recent years , they have been under pressure from neighbouring groups encroaching on their land , and also affected by tourism and safari hunting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6a87d980eb31436d83fd65c2e781427", "text": "Mambwe people The Mambwe are an ethnic and linguistic group from Rukwa Region , Tanzania and northeastern Zambia . In 1987 the Mambwe population in Tanzania was estimated to number 63,000 . The number of Mambwe in Zambia has not been independently estimated , though the combined number of Mambwe and Lungu in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993 . The mambwe people of Zambia are known to be great businessmen . They also distinguish the last names for males and females , like the Namwanga people , by applying prefixes `` Si '' and `` Na '' to be the first two letters of the last name e.g. Sinyangwe ( Male ) & Nanyangwe ( Female ) , Sikasula ( Male ) & Nakasula ( Female ) , Sinkamba ( Male ) & Nankamba ( Female ) , Simusokwe ( Male ) & Namusokwe ( Female ) , Sikasote ( Male ) & Nakasote ( Female ) , Simfukwe ( Male ) & Namfukwe ( Female ) , Sinkala ( Male ) & Nankala ( Nankala ) , Simbela ( Male ) & Nambela ( Female ) sichilima ( male ) nachilima ( female ) etc. . A meal of beans ( `` choli '' ) and okra ( `` kumbi '' ) are a mambwe staple and delicacy . The Mambwe language and Cilungu , the Lungu language , are distinguished by minor dialect differences . The Mambwe people are known to be polygamous ( impali ) , although this trend is slowly changing with religious affiliations , and advancements in modern schooling and trends . Like other African people , marriage is very important , although girls are known to marry earlier , often with pressure coming from parents and other relatives . Category : Ethnic groups in Tanzania Category : Ethnic groups in Zambia Category : Indigenous peoples of East Africa", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f2d5d4717b1c622bd457663eb089c1d", "text": "Yechila Yechila ( also Yechilay or Chilay ) is a town in northern Ethiopia . Located in the Mehakelegnaw Zone of the Tigray Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1571 meters above sea level . It is located in the Mearey-tabia and is the administrative center of Abergele woreda . Records provided at the Nordic Africa Institute website mention a rock-hewn church dedicated to Abuna Aregawi in the town . The British explorer Henry Salt camped overnight outside this town during his second journey through Ethiopia in 1809 . Salt ( who calls the settlement `` Shela '' ) records entering the province of Abergele the next day -- apparently the town was not part of the province at the time -- as well as finding a species of water cress growing in the area . Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005 , Yechila has an estimated total population of 2,833 of whom 1,371 are men and 1,462 are women . The 1994 census reported it had a total population of 1,556 of whom 697 were men and 859 were women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c085e39abf9a6abf8f21927a5715dc8f", "text": "Politics of Ethiopia The politics of Ethiopia arise from the way the government of Ethiopia is structured as well as socioeconomic factors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b3276bfe66dd7cd7cb29c0e02628a5c1", "text": "Nikolaj Coster-Waldau Nikolaj Coster-Waldau ( -LSB- neɡ̊olaɪ̯ kʰʌsd̥ɐ ˈʋald̥ɑʊ̯ -RSB- ; born 27 July 1970 ) is a Danish actor , producer and screenwriter . He graduated from Danish National School of Theatre in Copenhagen in 1993 . Coster-Waldau 's breakthrough performance in Denmark was his role in the film Nightwatch ( 1994 ) . Since then he has appeared in numerous films in his native Scandinavia and Europe in general , including Headhunters ( 2011 ) and A Thousand Times Good Night ( 2013 ) . In the United States , his debut film role was in the war film Black Hawk Down ( 2001 ) , playing Medal of Honor recipient Gary Gordon . He then played Detective John Amsterdam in the short-lived Fox television series New Amsterdam ( 2008 ) , as well as appearing as Frank Pike in the 2009 Fox television film Virtuality , originally intended as a pilot . He became widely known to a broad audience for his current role as Ser Jaime Lannister , in the HBO series Game of Thrones . In 2017 , he became one of the highest paid actors on television and earned # 2 million per episode of Game of Thrones .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0096df90777b7ee3027075be0157edf9", "text": "Ken Freedman Ken Freedman ( born February 18 , 1959 ) is General Manager of WFMU , a freeform radio station . He also co-hosts the conceptual comedy program Seven Second Delay with Andy Breckman , as well as hosting his own freeform radio program on Wednesday mornings ( 9:00 -- noon Eastern Time ) . He is the co-founder of Congera , a public benefit corporation . Freedman hosted his first radio program in 1976 as a DJ at Highland Park High School station WVHP . He served as station manager of WCBN-FM , the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 's freeform outlet , where he marked the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan by playing Lesley Gore 's `` It 's My Party ( And I 'll Cry If I Want To ) '' for eighteen consecutive hours . Freedman joined WFMU as a DJ in December 1983 , and succeeded Bruce Longstreet as General Manager in August 1985 . At the time , WFMU was licensed to and owned by Upsala College , and based in East Orange , New Jersey . In February 1986 , Freedman launched a program guide/zine called LCD ( Lowest Common Denominator ) , featuring work by many internationally known writers and artists , including Nick Tosches , Jim Woodring , Drew Friedman , Gary Panter , Harvey Pekar , Dan Clowes , Tony Millionaire , and Chris Ware . In November 2007 , The Best of LCD : The Art and Writing of WFMU , was published by Princeton Architectural Press . It was compiled and edited by longtime WFMU radio host Dave `` The Spazz '' Abramson . In 1989 , Freedman successfully fended off a challenge to the station 's license from four rival broadcasters , who claimed that WFMU was broadcasting above its legal power limit . In 1992 , he founded the non-profit organization Auricle Communications , which purchased WFMU 's license from Upsala in 1994 . These actions allowed WFMU to survive when the college went bankrupt in 1995 . A core strategy for the station was to embrace the World Wide Web , launching its website in 1993 , streaming its broadcasts full-time in 1997 , and archiving most broadcasts from 2000 . Under Freedman 's management , annual donations to the station ( which is funded exclusively by listener support ) grew from $ 50,000 in 1983 , to $ 750,000 in 1999 , to over $ 1,800,000 in 2012 . Freedman pioneered the use of direct licensing for broadcasters , obtaining alternative copyrights and waivers to address restrictions placed on broadcasters by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act . In 2007 , Freedman built on these direct licensing activities and founded WFMU 's Free Music Archive , an open source library of copyright-cleared music and audio which launched in April 2009 . Freedman has served on the board of public science and technology company New Brunswick Scientific Company ( purchased in 2004 by Eppendorf ) and was a board member ( for four years ) and technology advisor to National Federation of Community Broadcasters ( NFCB ) . He has spoken and presented at conferences sponsored by The Future of Music Coalition , National Public Radio , the Integrated Media Association , the Audio Engineering Society ( AES ) , O'Reilly Media 's Newsfoo Conference , The Awesome Foundation Summit , the University of British Columbia and the National Federation of Community Broadcasters . In 2013 , Freedman initiated the creation of a suite of software for broadcasters , journalists and online publishers known as the Audience Engine . In 2013 , he began performing stand-up comedy and has performed acts at the New York Comedy Club , the Broadway Comedy Club , the Greenwich Village Comedy Club and other venues in New York , New Jersey and San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04827cc2b214b41c8bb6ffb77706ea64", "text": "The Fox (brand) The Fox is a brand name used for a variety of radio stations in numerous broadcast markets in the United States , many of which are owned by Clear Channel Communications , though there are several that are not owned by Clear Channel . Clear Channel currently holds the trademark to the Fox brand name based on individual markets . Most `` The Fox '' stations mainly play a Classic rock format and have varied logos , though many have a fox mascot . These stations are not directly associated in any way with Fox Sports Radio , Fox News Radio or Fox television network . Coincidentally , however , Clear Channel owns most `` The Fox '' - branded rock stations and many Fox Sports Radio stations ( as well as the Fox Sports Radio network ) . As a result , many radio stations with call signs containing the letters `` FX '' are shared between Clear Channel stations with those two formats ( for example , WOFX-AM in Albany and WOFX-FM in Cincinnati , the former carries Fox Sports Radio and the latter is branded as `` The Fox '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12915c7525b7ddce3a488696675d23cd", "text": "1994 United States broadcast TV realignment The 1994 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events , primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations , that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company ( commonly known as simply Fox ) and New World Communications , a media company that -- through its then-recently formed broadcasting division -- owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks , primarily CBS . The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage , in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference ( NFC ) television package , which the National Football League ( NFL ) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993 . As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World , most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse , the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history . As a result of this realignment , Fox ascended to the status of a major television network , comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks ( CBS , NBC and ABC ) . Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 ( although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997 , through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals ) , which -- along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network ( a joint venture between Time Warner , the Tribune Company and the network 's founding chief executive officer , Jamie Kellner ) and the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) ( founded by Chris-Craft/United Television , through a programming partnership with Paramount Television ) , both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements -- marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "716b4813eb45a62a63835604c903da6e", "text": "WWJ-TV WWJ-TV , ( virtual channel 62/physical channel 44 ) , is a CBS owned-and-operated television station located in Detroit , Michigan , United States . The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation , as part of a duopoly with CW owned-and-operated station WKBD-TV ( channel 50 ) . The two stations share studio facilities in the Detroit suburb of Southfield ; WWJ-TV 's transmitter is located in Oak Park , Michigan . The station is carried on several Canadian cable providers , predominately in the province of Ontario , and is one of five local Detroit television stations seen in Canada on satellite provider Shaw Direct . On cable , the station is available in standard definition on channel 15 on Comcast Xfinity 's Detroit city and Wayne County systems and Cogeco 's Windsor system , channel 9 on Xfinity 's South Oakland system , channel 14 on most cable systems in outlying areas ( except for WOW ! , where it is carried on channel 6 ) , channel 62 on AT&T U-verse , and in high definition on Xfinity channel 233 , Cogeco channel 713 , and AT&T U-verse channel 1062 . WWJ was notable for its brief weather forecast at 11 p.m. , which begun with the meteorologist saying `` Two and a Half Men , starts in two and a half minutes . '' However , WWJ has since dropped Two and a Half Men ; it has been replaced by reruns of The Big Bang Theory . At one point , viewers were invited to submit videos of themselves saying the phrase , which were then played in a montage before each forecast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a9bf080a192c782a636da86bd8b9f9f", "text": "Tod Dockstader Tod Dockstader ( March 20 , 1932 -- February 27 , 2015 ) was an American composer of electronic music , and particularly musique concrète . Dockstader was born in Saint Paul , Minnesota , United States . He studied painting and film while at the University of Minnesota , before moving to Hollywood in 1955 , to become an apprentice film editor . He moved into work as a sound engineer in 1958 , and apprenticed at Gotham Recording Studios , where he first started composing . Around this same time he also worked for Terrytoons alongside Gene Deitch . From 1961 to 1962 , when Deitch directed thirteen new Tom and Jerry shorts , Dockstader was responsible for creating the unusual , heavily reverberated sound effects heard throughout them ; he also wrote the shorts Mouse into Space and Landing Stripling . Dockstader 's first record , Eight Electronic Pieces , was released in 1960 , and was later used as the soundtrack to Federico Fellini 's Fellini Satyricon ( 1969 ) . He continued to create music throughout the first half of that decade , working principally with tape manipulation effects . In 1966 Owl Records released four albums of his work from this period including what many consider to be Dockstader 's masterpiece , Quatermass . He achieved modest recognition and radio play alongside the likes of Karlheinz Stockhausen , Edgard Varèse , and John Cage . In 1961 he applied to use the facilities at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center and was denied access by Vladimir Ussachevsky . Ussachevsky 's official reason was the `` overstrained '' scheduling of the studios , although many suspect that Dockstader 's lack of academic training was a factor in the decision . After leaving Gotham Recording Studios in the late 1960s he formed the audio-visual service Westport Communications Group along with business partner , and former Gotham executive , Fred Hertz . The company focused on corporate clients and produced award-winning educational films for the American Heritage series . Dockstader was also a prolific writer , with several articles published by Electronic Music Review and The Musical Quarterly . In the early 1990s , Starkland re-released most of the content of Dockstader 's out-of-print Owl records , along with previously unreleased material . The two CDs brought new , significant acclaim to the composer . The Washington Post called Dockstader `` a highly imaginative pioneer , '' and The Wire concluded , `` The obsessive care with which Starkland have compiled these extraordinary recordings should ensure that Dockstader will be remembered as the innovative , visionary figure he undoubtedly was . '' Reinvigorated , Dockstader returned to music at the start of the 21st century , adopting computer composition in favor of tapes . New CDs appeared from Sub Rosa and ReR Megacorp . Work on a documentary about his life , Unlocking Dockstader , was begun in 2011 , however lack of funding has stalled the project . He died in Arlington , Massachusetts , on February 27 , 2015 , at the age of 82 . In 2016 , Starkland released `` Tod Dockstader : From the Archives , '' a CD that premiered 15 works selected from the unexpected discovery of 4,200 sound files found on Dockstader 's private computer after his death . Created from 2000-2008 , these were among the last pieces composed by Dockstader , before dementia put an end to his studio work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86d8073b3544f3f2f4864a5077d541c9", "text": "Multi-Choice TV (Barbados) Multi-Choice TV ( MCTV ) is a television service provider in Barbados . It is a Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service ( MMDS ) or DVB-C wireless microwave-based broadcast subscription television provider . They offer a variety of packages which can be considered as comparatively priced to similar providers throughout the world . The service began operating on December 14 , 1987 under the name Subscription Television ( STV ) , which had very few channels offered . The main channels were CNN , ESPN , and Lifetime Television , with an occasional option of pay per view ( PPV ) being offered for local special events and the occasional international PPV sports broadcast . In 1996 it was upgraded to include a new platform called Multi-Choice TV which was an analog wireless microwave broadcast offering many more channels ( e.g. , BBC , Canada 's CBC , TBN ) eventually maxing the bandwidth capacity and having to upgrade the service to a digital broadcast system . Multi-Choice TV have not fully converted all of its subscribers yet . The system relies on line-of-sight propagation so total island wide coverage have proved to be a problem and the provider is looking into alternatives . A recent press release have indicated their interest in a partnership with the local telco LIME . From 1 September 2008 MCTV replaced the Travel Channel on 511 ( part of the High Flyer package ) by Setanta Sports . The service uses a Yagi antenna to receive the encrypted broadcast , which in turn is then decrypted by the provider 's set top box . The provider now has the problem of signal theft by pirates using modified DVB-C compatible receivers and PCI cards with the most popular being the `` Dreambox '' manufactured in Germany to decode their signal which is based on Nagravision which is a conditional access control system developed by the Kudelski Group . In order to prevent such activity in August , 2006 the Government of Barbados stiffened the local Barbadian copyright laws , in addition to a strengthening of the laws on cable TV piracy . The CBC provider is planning for further circumvention of the Dream boxes in 2009 . In 2014 MCTV have gone through a massive upgrade of improving their services by including new channels such as MovieCity Action and Hollywood , AMC , KTLA , WGN , Disney , NBC Sports network etc. . Also MCTV have upgraded their systems to 20 stunning HD channels such as ABC , NBC , CBS & FOX and have also added new PVR boxes . MCTV new slogan is MCTV the Right Choice and are increasing their channel line ups and packaging for their loyal customers in Barbados . MCTV is still the number 1 provider in Barbados but they have competition from Lime Barbados and Flow , but the advantage MCTV has is , it does not depend on the internet to provide single for their customers and when there is rainy and cloudy condition MCTV still provides good service . Multi-Choice TV also competes against the US-based direct broadcast satellite ( DBS ) service provider DirecTV in Barbados . The service uses the NTSC television format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82bec92ef171a33eb45f217c81fd573f", "text": "ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight ; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America , newsmagazine series Nightline , Primetime and 20/20 , and Sunday morning political affairs program This Week with George Stephanopolous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f49df89d8870ca3d3a7fac7ba596985", "text": "WLAX WLAX is the Fox-affiliated television station for Western Wisconsin that is licensed to La Crosse . It broadcasts a high definition digital signal on UHF channel 17 ( or virtual channel 25.1 via PSIP ) from a transmitter in La Crescent , Minnesota near the studios of ABC affiliate WXOW . Owned by Nexstar Media Group , the station has studios at Interchange Place in La Crosse at the intersection of I-90 / US 53/WIS 35 and Rose Street ( hence the postal address name ) . Syndicated programming on WLAX includes The Big Bang Theory , Two and a Half Men , Modern Family , and Judge Judy among others . The station operates a full-time satellite , WEUX , licensed to Chippewa Falls and serving Eau Claire and the Chippewa Valley . This outlet broadcasts a high definition digital signal on UHF channel 49 ( or virtual channel 48.1 via PSIP ) from a transmitter , southeast of Colfax , along the Dunn and Chippewa County line . It maintains an advertising sales office on WIS 93 in Eau Claire along the U.S. 53 and Business U.S. 53/Hastings Way interchange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e926613f0713ab7949d77e28d38afea", "text": "WSVI WSVI is an Ion Television-affiliated , full-power television station licensed to Christiansted , St. Croix , and serving as the network 's affiliate for the entire insular area of the United States Virgin Islands . The station transmits over channel 20 , and identifies as their former analog channel , channel 8 , via PSIP . The station is owned by Atlas News and Information Services . WSVI has a satellite , WZVI channel 43 , in Charlotte Amalie , as well as an analog translator , WFIG-LP channel 5 . WFIG went off the air December 3 , 2014 for financial reasons . The station under ABC affiliation signed off nightly at 2:00 am AST ( 1:00 am AST March to November ) , but now carries a 24-hour schedule . Also under ABC affiliation without the resources or financial means to fill network time , it carried paid programming , Caribbean Lottery drawings , some local arts and events programming , and their weeknight-only local newscasts , as U.S. Virgin Islands receives other broadcast networks and superstations from the mainland via cable and satellite , thus the need for WSVI to maintain a full broadcast schedule of syndicated programming outside of network hours for island residents and tourists was negated , since those stations usually contain that syndicated programming in their schedules . Under their Ion affiliation this is less obvious , though some local programs continue to be carried in some timeslots , pre-empting Ion programming . The company has had multiple ownership changes . Antilles Broadcasting Corp. sold WSVI to Group III Inc. for US$ 4 million . In April 2011 , WSVI 's former owner , the Figgie Family Equity Fund , agreed to sell the station to Atlas News and Information Services of Las Vegas , Nevada , pending FCC approval . Until December 31 , 2015 , WSVI was affiliated with ABC . On January 1 , 2016 , the station switched to Ion Television after nearly 50 years with ABC ; agreements were made with Lilly Broadcasting ( which already provides a CBS feed with Caribbean-specific weather to the region via a second feed of their Erie , Pennsylvania station WSEE-TV ) to provide an alternate ABC affiliate to serve the region , via WENY-TV in Elmira , New York on pay television . Despite losing its affiliation with ABC , the station continues to carry the Litton 's Weekend Adventure E/I block most associated with ABC affiliates , since that block is syndicated by Litton Entertainment and separate from any contract with ABC . The switch meant that no full-powered station based in the U.S. Virgin Islands has a primary affiliation with any of the `` Big Four '' networks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bef82b2a3b80fdb63f9454606fd15bb1", "text": "Monday Night Wars The Monday Night War ( s ) is the common term describing the period of mainstream televised American professional wrestling from September 4 , 1995 , to March 26 , 2001 . During this time , the World Wrestling Federation 's ( WWF , now WWE ) Monday Night Raw went head-to-head with World Championship Wrestling 's ( WCW ) Monday Nitro in a battle for Nielsen ratings each week . The ratings war was part of a larger overall struggle between the two companies , originating in personal animosity between WWF owner Vince McMahon and then-owner of WCW , Ted Turner . The rivalry between the companies steadily escalated throughout the 1990s to include the use of cutthroat tactics and the defections of employees between the two companies . Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) , while not a party to the ratings battle , was also involved as a tertiary player . Throughout the wars , the WWF and WCW would both adopt different concepts and narrative techniques innovated by ECW ; meanwhile , both companies would establish both formal and informal partnerships with the company , with ECW performers either appearing on WWF and WCW shows while still under contract , or outright leaving ECW to work for one of the other two federations . While WCW was the dominant federation for much of the mid-1990s , a variety of factors coalesced to turn the tide in the WWF 's favor at the end of the decade , including a radical rebranding of their formerly family friendly product to highly sexualized and violent shows geared towards older teens and adults . WCW ultimately ran into financial difficulties as a result of the amount of money they had promised wrestlers during a hiring binge in the early and middle part of the decade , which had been aimed at acquiring large portions of the WWF 's talent roster . Despite efforts to salvage the federation , it was ultimately sold to Vince McMahon , ending the Monday Night Wars . In retrospect , wrestling commentators have come to see the era of the Monday Night Wars as a golden age of wrestling , with the feud between the two companies bringing out their best quality product both in terms of creativity and the performances of their wrestlers . Many have come to regard the end of the wars -- and , in particular , the subsequent WWE storyline regarding the acquisition of WCW -- as marking a severe decline in the quality of modern wrestling programming . Notably , as of 2017 , no other company has ever emerged as a viable competitor to WWE since the acquisition of WCW , and WWE itself has never again enjoyed the same level of mainstream success that it did during the Wars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92fb1921edd49c8d8a717c20fe0b9695", "text": "Jim Michaels Jim Michaels ( born September 12 , 1965 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American television producer . He is the son of Anna Mae and Robert Michaels and was raised in the suburbs of Des Plaines and Arlington Heights . Michaels graduated from John Hersey High School in Arlington Heights , Illinois and attended the University of Evansville and graduated with a degree in Business . Michaels ran the in house computer graphics department at a studio at MCA/Universal . Michaels then moved into television production , eventually producing the NBC series Midnight Caller for NBC and Reasonable Doubts . Michaels other series included ; Charlie Grace for ABC ; The Guardian and dr. Vegas for CBS ; Odyssey 5 ; for Showtime ; and Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman . Michaels is a member of the Producer 's Guild of America , Directors Guild of America , Screen Actors Guild , The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , American Film Institute and has guest lectered at the Academy of Art , UCLA and NYU . Michaels worked with Ali LeRoi and Chris Rock producing the television series Everybody Hates Chris for four seasons and has now joined the production team at Supernatural for the 2009 -- 2017 seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "593040108712bcae74772a1eca6b5d21", "text": "Fox (Finland) Fox ( formerly SuomiTV ) is a Finnish entertainment TV channel owned and produced by Fox Networks Group ( FNG ) Nordic . The channel was acquired by FNG Nordic in January 2012 , and then relaunched as the current incarnation on 16 April that year . Fox is freely available in Finland both over-the-air and through cable , as it bases its funding on television advertisements . It is FIC Nordic 's first channel that does not operate on subscriber fees . The channel provides a free catch up service through its online platform FOXPlay", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59479e707be329441073301ea299b277", "text": "Scot J. Paltrow Scot J. Paltrow is an American journalist . A financial journalist , Paltrow currently works for Reuters . Paltrow is from New York . He received his bachelor 's degree from the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences and a master 's degree from the London School of Economics . Paltrow 's journalism career began in 1977 when he joined the Memphis Commercial Appeal as a reporter . The following year , he joined the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner , where his investigative series on corruption in Industry , California , `` The City of Insiders , '' resulted in federal and state criminal probes and several convictions . In 1981 , Paltrow moved to the Washington Star , where he covered federal courts . After the Star shut down the same year , Paltrow moved to the Wall Street Journal , where he was a reporter in the Los Angeles bureau . In 1985 , Paltrow became a European correspondent for the Journal based in Brussels . In April 1988 , Paltrow returned to the United States as New York financial bureau chief for the Los Angeles Times . During this period he did numerous investigative stories on Wall Street investment banks , markets and the insurance industry . '' While at the Times , Paltrow won a 1993 George Polk Award for Financial Reporting . Paltrow returned to the Wall Street Journal in May 1997 and served as senior special writer based in New York and writes for the paper 's Washington bureau . In 2007 , following Rupert Murdoch 's purchase of Dow Jones & Company ( which owns the Wall Street Journal ) , Paltrow left the paper and joined Condé Nast 's Portfolio.com as a contributing editor , starting September 1 , 2007 , following another longtime Journal journalist who moved to Portfolio.com , Peter Waldman . In September 2010 , Paltrow moved to Reuters , where he and fellow financial journalist Mark Hosenball were brought on as `` key hires '' in an effort to expand Reuters ' `` coverage of business , Wall Street and Washington . '' Paltrow joined Reuters to cover `` financial crimes , specifically covering criminal and civil investigations related to the financial crisis , as well as the effort to more closely regulate and police the financial world . '' In 2012 , Paltrow won a Society of American Business Editors and Writers Best in Business Awards in the Explanatory/News Agency category for his investigation into banks ' use of robo-signing . Paltrow has written a report , The Case for a Stronger Federal Role in Insurance Regulation : Weak State Regulation Highlights the Need for Federal Oversight of Health Premiums , for the Center for American Progress Action Fund . Paltrow has received a Gerald Loeb Award . Paltrow won 1992 and 1993 John Hancock Awards for Excellence in Business & Financial Journalism , the 1994 Los Angeles Times Editorial Award , the Unity Award in Media , and a 2001 Deadline Club Award from New York City Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b51ce24f3f7fd24af90ab94374356d3", "text": "Olbermann (TV series) Olbermann is a television sports talk show hosted by Keith Olbermann on the American cable network ESPN2 . The show , broadcast live daily from Times Square Studios in New York City , premiered on August 26 , 2013 , and featured Olbermann offering commentary and analysis on issues in the sports world . Olbermann aired at 5:00 PM Eastern on ESPN2 each day . From its premiere until September 5 , 2014 , Olbermann aired at 11:00 PM Eastern ( with some exceptions ) . The move to the afternoon also saw the show reduced in length by half , airing for thirty minutes instead of sixty . ESPNEWS rebroadcast each episode of Olbermann three times following its initial airing ; at 6:30 p.m. , 2:00 a.m. , and at 5:00 a.m. On July 10 , 2015 , two days after ESPN declined to renew his expiring contract , Olbermann announced on air that the series would be coming to an end on July 24 . The announcement came after The Hollywood Reporter claimed that ESPN wanted Olbermann to tone down his critical commentary , but the network claimed the move was to cut costs related to Olbermann 's salary and the use of the space at Times Square Studios , claims later confirmed by an aborted move of Mike & Mike to the same facility and releases of other network talent at the end of their contracts throughout 2015 and into 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b517b730e291e842f993bbd33912d692", "text": "Fox 8 Fox 8 may refer to : Fox8 , a general entertainment channel in Australia owned by Foxtel Management Pty Ltd Television stations in the United States affiliated with the Fox Broadcasting Company : WAGM-TV , Presque Isle , Maine ( station operates a Fox affiliate under this brand on its first digital subchannel ) WJW ( TV ) , Cleveland , Ohio WGHP , High Point , North Carolina WWCP-TV Johnstown , Pennsylvania WVUE-DT , New Orleans , Louisiana WFXI , Morehead City , North Carolina ( previously known on-air as `` Fox 8 , Fox 14 '' ; now known as `` Fox Eastern Carolina '' ) Veronica TV , a Dutch television channel formerly known as Fox 8 when it was owned by News Corporation", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35b237fca326cf5af613323e3eda068d", "text": "Worst Episode Ever `` Worst Episode Ever '' is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons ' twelfth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 4 , 2001 . In the episode , Bart and Milhouse are banned from The Android 's Dungeon after stopping Comic Book Guy from buying a box of priceless Star Wars memorabilia for $ 5 . However , when Comic Book Guy suffers a massive heart attack after Tom Savini 's show , he hires Bart and Milhouse as his replacements while he leaves his job to make friends . `` Worst Episode Ever '' was written by Larry Doyle and directed by Matthew Nastuk . The series ' staff found it hard to make Comic Book Guy seem likable , since he is usually portrayed as sarcastic and unfriendly . The episode features actor and makeup artist Tom Savini as himself . In its original broadcast , the episode was seen by approximately 10 million viewers , finishing in 27th place in the ratings the week it aired . Since its broadcast , the episode received positive reviews from critics , and Hank Azaria won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his performance as Comic Book Guy in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6520a1820c84afa526d24a21c5374fe9", "text": "Nick G. Miller Nick G. Miller ( born January 18 , 1964 in Dayton , Ohio ) , also known as Nick Miller , is an American businessperson . His main interests are within the entertainment industry , the marine industry , and business education . Miller is an award-winning screenwriter , filmmaker , movie producer , movie director , television producer , actor , music producer , film composer , public speaker , and philanthropist . He has owned various companies within the marine industry and is a consultant and keynote speaker . His acting credits include The Last Marshal , The Librarians , Chronicles of an Exorcism , and Catch of a Lifetime . He has produced feature films and television shows such as Palmetto , The Unlikely 's , Catch of a Lifetime , E! Entertainment 's Wild On the Mark Cuban series Art Mann Presents , Talent Rock , and CBS Television 's The Music Cafe Presents ( co-produced with Greg Rike and Greg Rike Studios ) . In 2005 , Miller , along with producing partner Matthew Ashford did a test shoot for a screenplay they had written together in the horror film genre entitled Chronicles of an Exorcism . The film was originally shelved by Miller and his producers , but has since been released on DVD . In October 2008 the movie was one of the most watched horror movies of all time and was listed near the top 100 ( # 116 ) on the Internet Movie Database . Miller is currently post production on the movie Windwalkers and in pre production on a screenplay co-written with published author Timothy G. Grogan . In April 2014 , as executive producer , Miller 's romantic comedy , Catch of a Lifetime , directed by Ben Klopfenstein and written by Miller , Klopfenstein , and book author Connie Neumann , won the Audience Choice for Best Feature award at the Silver Springs International Film Festival . Miller consults and works with companies on forming strategic alliance business plans via product placement , co-branding and media exposure . He has been instrumental in negotiating and placing products in feature films and television shows including War of the Worlds , I , Robot , Fun with Dick and Jane , Scream 3 , Charlie 's Angels , CSI : Miami , 24 , Nash Bridges , V.I.P. , and JAG . Nick G. Miller produces and hosts sales and motivational training workshops across the globe . He has trained thousands of sales and service staff members from companies including FTD Flowers , Harley-Davidson , Featherlite Luxury Coaches , Bombardier , Platinum Coach Works , Northeast Marine Trade Association , Rio Roses , and many others . Miller is also a music producer , and in 2009 became vice president of Living Legends Music , a property which includes a syndicated radio show , streaming iTunes radio , a DVD series , and the CBS television series The Music Cafe Presents , all featuring interviews with musicians . Miller also produced and hosted the 2009 DVD documentary Orleans : Official History & Music for the 1970s and 1980s band Orleans . He comes from a musical family dating back to 1940 when his great uncle Douglas Dalton , played mandolin and guitar for The Whippoorwills , Roy Rogers , Sons of the Pioneers , and other bands and musicians . Today , Miller performs with Nick Miller & The Gathering , a group consisting of rotating legendary musicians playing their own number one hits . Miller 's companies have produced nightclub events , swimwear modeling competitions , and VIP parties for Corona Beer , Harley-Davidson , Loews Hotels , Gibson , Universal Studios Theme Parks , Six Flags Theme Parks and others . Miller has been part of the marine industry since 1986 . As vice president , Miller played an instrumental part in resurrecting Donzi Marine in 1993 . Miller and Donzi Marine manager Steve Simon formed `` Team Donzi '' and raced a Donzi 38 ZX in the American Power Boat Association circuit . The team won two APBA/UIM World Championships five APBA National Championships . Under the same ownership group , Miller organized a marketing campaign and formed strategic alliances with non-endemic companies helping Pro-Line Boats become the # 1 selling fiberglass fishing boats in the United States . During the mid-2000s Miller consulted and worked with the offshore racing champion , Reggie Fountain and his company Fountain Powerboats . In 2012 he became a partner and shareholder of Sak Marine , a Georgia based company that manufactured Caravelle Boats , Key Largo Boats , Interceptor Performance Boats , Clearwater Fishing Boats , and Sea Hawk Boats . Nick Miller was introduced to Burt Reynolds at his home in Florida . The lunch meeting resulted in Miller being offered acting roles in two of Reynolds ' films . Soon after he would meet the man who would become his mentor ; the late award-winning filmmaker John Daly , of which just some of his movies includes Platoon , The Terminator , The Falcon and the Snowman , Salvador , Full Metal Jacket , The Bodyguard , and The Legend of Zorro .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c50ce3fdba9879525e819e7d1f48e2f", "text": "In & Out (film) In & Out is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Oz and starring Kevin Kline , Tom Selleck , Joan Cusack , Matt Dillon , Debbie Reynolds , and Wilford Brimley . It is an original story by screenwriter Paul Rudnick . Joan Cusack was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance . The film was inspired by Tom Hanks 's tearful speech when he accepted his 1994 Oscar ( for his role in Philadelphia ) , in which he mentioned his high-school drama coach Rawley Farnsworth , and his former classmate John Gilkerson , `` two of the finest gay Americans , two wonderful men that I had the good fortune to be associated with . '' The film became one of mainstream Hollywood 's few attempts at a comedic `` gay movie '' of its era , and was widely noted at the time for a 12-second kiss between Kevin Kline and Tom Selleck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed77ab6d14c5b391225e50f7a25768e", "text": "Joan Cusack Joan Cusack ( -LSB- ˈkjuːsæk -RSB- , born October 11 , 1962 ) is an American actress . She received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in the romantic comedy-drama Working Girl ( 1988 ) and the romantic comedy In & Out ( 1997 ) , as well as one Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the latter . She is also known as the voice of Jessie in the Toy Story franchise . Cusack was a cast member on the comedy sketch show Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1986 . She starred on the Showtime hit drama/comedy Shameless as Sheila Gallagher ( née Jackson ) , a role for which she has received five consecutive Emmy Award nominations , winning for the first time in 2015 . She is the sister of actress Ann and actor John Cusack .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad4484297e1ec890e6ee12cb78388c1e", "text": "Joan Crawford Our Series Films The Our series films were basically films from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1928-1930 starring Joan Crawford titled with Our being the first word . Category : Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b07af07ce20b95a136b0f7a080d719e", "text": "Say Anything... Say Anything ... is a 1989 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe in his directorial debut . The film follows the romance between Lloyd Dobler ( John Cusack ) , an average student , and Diane Court ( Ione Skye ) , the valedictorian , immediately after their graduation from high school . In 2002 , Entertainment Weekly ranked Say Anything ... as the greatest modern movie romance , and it was ranked number 11 on Entertainment Weekly list of the 50 best high-school movies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a8bda9cc6610c2f43a459f58ec047a7", "text": "Rusty Cundieff George Arthur `` Rusty '' Cundieff ( born December 13 , 1960 ) is an American film and television director , actor , and writer known for his work on Fear of a Black Hat ( 1993 ) , Tales from the Hood ( 1995 ) , and Chappelle 's Show ( 2003-2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f129e8f0db049e66604e7f77b3b1648", "text": "Cush Jumbo Cush Jumbo ( born 23 September 1985 ) is an English actress and writer . She wrote and starred in a one-woman show , Josephine and I . In 2011 , she won the Ian Charleson Award for young actors as Rosalind in As You Like It and received an Olivier nomination in 2012 as Mark Antony in an all-female cast of Julius Caesar . She played attorney Lucca Quinn in the seventh season of the U.S. drama series The Good Wife on CBS and its spinoff The Good Fight on CBS All Access .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a395f0f7344856c3489f7f324c86ba20", "text": "Pope Joan (1972 film) Pope Joan is a 1972 American mediaeval costume drama film based on the story of Pope Joan . Even though modern consensus generally disputes Pope Joan as legendary , in the film she is treated as fact . It was directed by Michael Anderson and has a cast which includes Liv Ullmann ( in the lead role ) , Olivia de Havilland , Lesley-Anne Down , Franco Nero and Maximilian Schell . The soundtrack was composed by Maurice Jarre with additional choral music provided by The Sistine Chapel Choir , directed by Domenico Bartolucci . The film was released on DVD in 2003 on Region 1 format disc . It was also re-titled in some areas as The Devil 's Imposter , with much material cut . The version of the film released in 1972 differed significantly from the version that had originally been filmed . Anderson 's original was made with flashbacks and flash-forward sequences about a modern-day evangelical preacher who believes her life parallels that of Pope Joan . In this version psychiatrists try to send her back through her past lives to establish if she is the reincarnation of Pope Joan . However , the distributor decided to have all of the contemporary sequences removed and released the film as a straightforward historical drama . In 2009 the film was re-edited and the previously unreleased footage was re-inserted . It was re-released under the title She ... Who Would Be Pope .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f1e38d372ead80b16aac5e168496b21", "text": "Nobody's Perfect (1990 film) Nobody 's Perfect is a 1990 American comedy film directed by Robert Kaylor and starring Chad Lowe and Gail O'Grady .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8eca23f3ba0939a5de9e55759e0dfc9", "text": "Joan Dillon Joan de Noailles , Dowager Duchess of Mouchy and Poix ( née Joan Douglas Dillon ; born 31 January 1935 ) is an American-born French duchess , the first commoner to marry into the reigning dynasty of Luxembourg , and is the former president of French Bordeaux wine company Domaine Clarence Dillon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab5fe3de66e29b040c935a3088f0243b", "text": "A Good Marriage (film) A Good Marriage is a 2014 American psychological thriller film based on the novella of the same name by Stephen King , from the 2010 collection Full Dark , No Stars . It stars Joan Allen , Anthony LaPaglia , Kristen Connolly and Stephen Lang . It was released on October 3 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b31305df864419575b5fd70f08701414", "text": "Better Off Dead (film) Better Off Dead is a 1985 American teen romantic comedy film starring John Cusack and written and directed by Savage Steve Holland . It tells the story of high school student Lane Myer who is suicidal after his girlfriend breaks up with him shortly before Christmas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be68a97c7f6f3b376938bae8f26ce7a1", "text": "Arrive Alive Arrive Alive is an unfinished comedy film starring Willem Dafoe and Joan Cusack , directed by Jeremiah S. Chechik and produced by Art Linson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c89fc00c1a178cdc7824effec4f21c6", "text": "Joan Dillon (historic preservation activist) Joan Kent Dillon ( 30 April 1925 -- 18 January 2009 ) was a teacher , a nationally known historic preservation activist and an author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced19a54e34ed4feaaba840973bde1a5", "text": "Nobody's Fool Nobody 's Fool ( s ) may refer to : In film , television and fiction : Nobody 's Fool ( 1936 film ) , a film starring Glenda Farrell Nobody 's Fool ( 1986 film ) , a film starring Rosanna Arquette and Eric Roberts Nobody 's Fool ( 1994 film ) , a film starring Paul Newman Nobody 's Fool ( novel ) , a novel by Richard Russo , basis for the 1994 film `` Nobody 's Fool '' , an episode of the 2003 TV series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles In music : Nobody 's Fools , an album by Slade `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Slade song ) , the title song from the album `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Cinderella song ) , 1986 `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Kenny Loggins song ) , theme from the 1988 film Caddyshack II `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Haircut One Hundred song ) , 1982 `` Nobody 's Fool '' ( Richie Furay song ) from the Poco album , Pickin ' Up the Pieces Nobody 's Fool , an unreleased album by Edwin `` Lil ' Eddie '' Serrano Nobody 's Fool , an album by Norman Wisdom `` Nobody 's Fool '' , a song by Avril Lavigne from Let Go `` Nobody 's Fool '' , a song by Blackhawk from Love & Gravity", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55bb02ada04d62b0c0acac27ab14fe77", "text": "Paddy Chayefsky Sidney Aaron `` Paddy '' Chayefsky ( January 29 , 1923 -- August 1 , 1981 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter and novelist . He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay ( the other three-time winners , Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett , Woody Allen and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers ) . He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television . His intimate , realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s , and he was regarded as the central figure in the `` kitchen sink realism '' movement of American television . Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky `` was a successful writer , the most successful graduate of television 's slice of life school of naturalism . '' Following his critically acclaimed teleplays , Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist . As a screenwriter , he received three Academy Awards for Marty ( 1955 ) , The Hospital ( 1971 ) and Network ( 1976 ) . The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love . Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric . Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital `` years ahead of its time . -LSB- ... -RSB- Few films capture the disaster of America 's self-destructive idealism so well . '' His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece , and has been hailed as `` the kind of literate , darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century . '' Chayefsky 's early stories were frequently influenced by the author 's childhood in The Bronx . Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ' Television Hall of Fame . He received this honor three years after his death , in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98fed4172d1511c6ae6ad637f11a98f8", "text": "Factotum (film) Factotum is a 2005 film directed by Bent Hamer , adapted from the novel of the same name by Charles Bukowski . It stars Matt Dillon as Bukowski 's alter ego Henry Chinaski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d6cc13d7620ab577dc003f9f18fed3b", "text": "Drew Live `` Drew Live '' is the eighth episode of the fifth season of the American sitcom The Drew Carey Show , and the 109th overall . The episode 's plot focuses on Drew ( Drew Carey ) trying to stop his friend , Kate ( Christa Miller ) , from pursuing a relationship with a mystery guy , as Drew is in love with her . However , Drew is unaware that he is stopping Kate from pursuing him . Meanwhile , Drew 's brother Steve ( John Carroll Lynch ) and his fiancée Mimi Bobeck ( Kathy Kinney ) hold a joint bachelor and bachelorette party . The episode was written by Clay Graham and directed by Gerry Cohen . It first aired on November 10 , 1999 on the ABC network in the United States . Executive producer and series co-creator , Bruce Helford came up with the idea for `` Drew Live '' after seeing medical drama ER '' 's live episode in 1997 . To make `` Drew Live '' stand out , two-minute improvisational segments , where the cast had to invent their own lines , were added in during filming . The cast and crew performed the episode live three times for the Eastern , Mountain and Pacific time zones . It was shot on tape and broadcast with a small delay . Several regulars from Whose Line Is It Anyway ? made guest appearances . `` Drew Live '' was seen by an estimated 12 million viewers , finishing inside the Top 20 in the ratings for the week of November 8 -- 14 , 1999 . It was the third highest-rated show on ABC that week and the most watched episode of The Drew Carey Show in 44 weeks . It received mixed reviews from critics , with The Boston Globe 's Matthew Gilbert calling it `` gimmicky '' and `` a smug mess . '' While David Bianculli from the Daily News '' branded it `` a hoot '' and thought Cohen `` captured the action perfectly '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024fcb2776c4c845378bed7abb56db25", "text": "True Crime (1996 film) True Crime is a 1996 film that was directed and written by Pat Verducci . It starred Alicia Silverstone and Kevin Dillon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f574cdc835a027812a97069335308bd", "text": "Heller in Pink Tights Heller In Pink Tights is a 1960 Technicolor western film adapted from Louis L'Amour 's novel , Heller with a Gun . It stars Sophia Loren and Anthony Quinn and was directed by George Cukor . The movie is noted for its lavishly ornate costumes by Edith Head and its impressive photography and use of Technicolor . Though not a commercial success , Heller In Pink Tights is thought by some film historians to be George Cukor 's most lavishly visual film . Cukor had never been pleased with the `` look '' of most westerns and he hired George Hoyningen-Huene , a famous Russian-born fashion photographer and 1920s illustrator who was an expert at art and design . The final result is a unique film that looks like a cross between a Frederic Remington painting and a Toulouse-Lautrec rendering of music hall performers . Heller in Pink Tights co-stars Margaret O'Brien , Ramon Novarro and Eileen Heckart . It also marks Loren 's lowest weight on film . The normally voluptuous and full-figured star lost almost twenty pounds at Cukor 's request and donned a blonde wig .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ceeb4c0b820b69a7a4da8b588371e4ed", "text": "Syria Syria ( -LSB- ˈsɪ.riə -RSB- سوريا ) , officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia , bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west , Turkey to the north , Iraq to the east , Jordan to the south , and Israel to the southwest . Syria 's capital and largest city is Damascus . A country of fertile plains , high mountains , and deserts , Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups , including Syrian Arabs , Greeks , Armenians , Assyrians , Kurds , Circassians , Mandeans and Turks . Religious groups include Sunnis , Christians , Alawites , Druze , Mandeans , Shiites , Salafis , and Yazidis . Sunni Arabs make up the largest religious group in Syria . In English , the name `` Syria '' was formerly synonymous with the Levant ( known in Arabic as al-Sham ) , while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires , including the Eblan civilization of the 3rd millennium BC . Its capital Damascus and largest city Aleppo are among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world . In the Islamic era , Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt . The modern Syrian state was established after the end of centuries of Ottoman control in World War I as a French mandate , and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant . It gained independence as a parliamentary republic on 24 October 1945 when Syria became a founding member of the United Nations , an act which legally ended the former French Mandate -- although French troops did not leave the country until April 1946 . The post-independence period was tumultuous , and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949 -- 71 . In 1958 , Syria entered a brief union with Egypt called the United Arab Republic , which was terminated by the 1961 Syrian coup d'état . The Arab Republic of Syria came into being in late 1961 after December 1 constitutional referendum , and was increasingly unstable until the Ba'athist coup d'état , since which the Ba'ath Party has maintained its power . Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011 , effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens . Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad , who was in office from 1970 to 2000 . Syria is a member of one international organization other than the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement ; it has become suspended from the Arab League on November 2011 and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , and self-suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean . Since March 2011 , Syria has been embroiled in an uprising against Assad and the Ba'athist government as part of the Arab Spring , a crackdown that contributed to the Syrian Civil War and to Syria 's becoming one of the most violent countries in the world . Since the start of the war in 2011 , a number of self-proclaimed state entities have since emerged on Syrian territories , including the Syrian Opposition , the Federation of Northern Syria and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "91800763295f4d9c0e80820967b6331e", "text": "Franco-Syrian War The Franco-Syrian War took place during 1920 , between the Hashemite rulers of the newly established Arab Kingdom of Syria and France . During a series of engagements , which climaxed in the Battle of Maysalun , French forces defeated the forces of the Hashemite monarch King Faisal , and his supporters , entering Damascus on July 24 , 1920 . A new pro-French government was declared in Syria on July 25 , headed by ` Alaa al-Din al-Darubi . and eventually Syria was divided into several client states under the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon . The British government , concerned for their position in the new mandate in Iraq , agreed to declare the fugitive Faisal as the new king of Iraq .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "465c22d61bfa01f387ad15a231ec7bb5", "text": "Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons The destruction of Syria 's chemical weapons began in September 2013 on the basis of several international agreements with Syria that stipulated an initial destruction deadline of 30 June 2014 . United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 of 27 September 2013 required Syria to assume responsibility for and follow a timeline for the destruction of its chemical weapons and its chemical weapon production facilities . The resolution bound Syria to the implementation plan presented in a decision of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ) . On 23 June 2014 , the last declared chemical weapons were shipped out of Syria for destruction . The destruction of the most dangerous chemical weapons was performed at sea aboard the Cape Ray , a vessel of the United States Maritime Administration 's Ready Reserve Force , crewed with U.S. civilian merchant mariners . The actual destruction operations , performed by a team of U.S. Army civilians and contractors , destroyed 600 metric tons of chemical agents in 42 days . However , despite these efforts , the use of chemical weapons in Syria have continued to be reported , with the latest being the chemical attack on Khan Shaykhun in April 2017 , which has been alleged to have been perpetrated by the Syrian government . The chemical weapons agreements arose at a time when the United States and France headed a coalition of countries on the verge of carrying out air strikes on Syria in response to the 21 August 2013 Ghouta chemical-weapon attacks . To avoid a military intervention , the United States , Russia and Syria agreed to the `` Framework for Elimination of Syrian Chemical Weapons '' on 14 September 2013 , which called for the elimination of Syria 's chemical weapon stockpiles by mid-2014 . Syria agreed to accede to the Chemical Weapons Convention and to the destruction of its chemical weapons stockpiles . The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ) began preliminary inspections of Syria 's chemical weapons arsenal on 1 October 2013 , and actual destruction began on 6 October . Under OPCW supervision Syrian military personnel began `` destroying munitions such as missile warheads and aerial bombs and disabling mobile and static mixing and filling units . '' The destruction of Syria 's declared chemical weapons production , mixing , and filling equipment was successfully completed by 31 October deadline . The destruction of the chemical weapons fell well behind schedule . The entire chemical weapons stockpile had been scheduled to be completely removed from the country by 6 February 2014 . Only on 23 June 2014 , had Syria finished shipping the remaining declared chemicals . On 18 August 2014 , all of the most toxic chemicals had been destroyed offshore . Western officials such as British Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant have expressed concerns about the completeness of Syria 's disclosures , and believe the OPCW mission should remain in place following the removal of chemical weapons until verification tasks can be completed . Chlorine , a common industrial chemical , is outside the scope of the disarmament agreement ; however , its use as a poison gas would violate the Chemical Weapons Convention , which Syria joined in 2013 . Various parties , including Western governments , have accused Assad of conducting illegal chlorine attacks in 2014 and 2015 . A late disclosure in 2014 regarding Syria 's ricin program raised doubts about completeness of the government 's declaration of its chemical weapons stockpile , and in early May 2015 , OPCW announced that inspectors had found traces of sarin and VX nerve agent at a military research site in Syria that had not been declared previously by the Assad regime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdb2782c3a2948e1dfb3a8171025bc2", "text": "Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features . Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f56ac2cc791e6759210d1d6fac951b0", "text": "Phoenicians and wine The culture of the ancient Phoenicians was one of the first to have had a significant effect on the history of wine . Phoenicia was a civilization centered in the northern reaches of Canaan along the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea . Between 1550 BC and 300 BC , the Phoenicians developed a maritime trading culture that expanded their influence from the Levant to North Africa , the Greek Isles , Sicily , and the Iberian Peninsula . Through contact and trade , they spread not only their alphabet but also their knowledge of viticulture and winemaking , including the propagation of several ancestral varieties of the Vitis vinifera species of wine grapes . They either introduced or encouraged the dissemination of wine knowledge to several regions that today continue to produce wine suitable for international consumption . These include modern-day Lebanon , Syria , Algeria , Tunisia , Egypt , Greece , Italy , Spain , France , and Portugal . The Phoenicians and their Punic descendants of Carthage had a direct influence on the growing winemaking cultures of the ancient Greeks and Romans that would later spread viticulture across Europe . The agricultural treatises of the Carthaginian writer Mago were among the most important early texts in the history of wine to record ancient knowledge of winemaking and viticulture . While no original copies of Mago 's or other Phoenician wine writers ' works have survived , there is evidence from quotations of Greek and Roman writers such as Columella that the Phoenicians were skilled winemakers and viticulturists . They were capable of planning vineyards according to favorable climate and topography , such as which side of a slope was most ideal for grape growing , and producing a wide variety of different wine styles ranging from straw wines made from dried grapes to an early example of the modern Greek wine retsina , made with pine resin as an ingredient . The Phoenicians also spread the use of amphoras ( often known as the `` Canaanite jar '' ) for the transport and storage of wine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e9936df6c4a5a5723b615dba35a7cc4", "text": "Iraqis The Iraqis leads here . For The Iraqis political party , refer to The Iraqis ( party ) The Iraqi people ( Arabic : العراقيون ʿIrāqīyūn , Kurdish : گه لی عیراق Îraqîyan , ܥܡܐ ܥܝܪܩܝܐ ʿIrāqāyā , Iraklılar ) are the citizens of the modern country of Iraq . Arabs have had a large presence in Mesopotamia since the Sasanian Empire ( 224-637 ) . Arabic was spoken by the majority in the Kingdom of Araba in the first and second centuries , and by Arabs in al-Hirah from the third century . Arabs were common in Mesopotamia at the time of the Seleucid Empire ( 3rd century BC ) . The first Arab kingdom outside of Arabia was established in Iraq 's Al-Hirah in the third century . Arabic was a minority language in northern Iraq in the eighth century BC , from the eighth century following the Muslim conquest of Persia it became the dominant language of Iraqi Muslims because Arabic was the language of the Quran and of the Abbasid Caliphate . Kurds who are Iraqi citizens live in the Zagros Mountains of northeast Iraq to the east of the upper Tigris . Arabic and Kurdish are Iraq 's national languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106e77ea3a3559aa0eda6cbc9534844d", "text": "Paeonia (kingdom) In antiquity , Paeonia -LSB- piːˈoʊniə -RSB- was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians . In the Iliad the Paeonians are said to have been allies of the Trojans . During the Persian invasion of Greece the conquered Paeonians as far as the Lake Prasias , including the Paeoplae and Siropaiones , were deported from Paeonia to Asia . In 355-354 BC , Philip II of Macedon took advantage of the death of King Agi of Paeonia and campaigned against them in order to conquer them . So the southern part of ancient Paeonia was annexed by the ancient kingdom of Macedon and was named as ` Macedonian Paeonia ' ; this section included the cities Astraion ( later Stromnitsa ) Stenae ( near modern Demir Kapija ) , Antigoneia ( near modern Negotino ) etc. . The exact original boundaries of Paeonia , like the early history of its inhabitants , are obscure , but it is known that it was located immediately north of ancient Macedonia ( which corresponded roughly to the modern Greek region of Macedonia ) , and to the south-east of Dardania ( which was similar to modern-day Kosovo ) ; in the east were the Thracian mountains , and in the west , the Illyrians . It was separated from Dardania by the mountains through which the Vardar river passes from the field of Scupi ( modern Skopje ) to the valley of Bylazora ( modern Veles ) . Paeonia roughly corresponds to the present-day Republic of Macedonia and to a narrow strip of the north Greek Macedonia , on the borders with the Republic of Macedonia , and a small part of south-western Bulgaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66986652ea59fde12add7e2f9124b58c", "text": "Demographics of Syria In 2011 , the Syrian population was estimated at roughly 23 million permanent inhabitants , including people with refugee status from Palestine and Iraq and are an overall indigenous Levantine people . While most modern-day Syrians are commonly described as Arabs by virtue of their modern-day language and bonds to Arab culture and history , they are , in fact , largely a blend of the various Semitic-speaking groups indigenous to the region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3e069faa0c8427917602d3d769209f1", "text": "Greek heraldry Greek heraldry , though not as developed as in other countries , has an interesting history in and of itself by drawing upon it Byzantine heritage and influences from the various western powers that have occupied Greek lands . Heraldry is therefore seen as a foreign concept , and is widespread mostly in the Ionian and Aegean Islands ( former Venetian and Genoese possessions ) and among the families of Phanariot origin Ancient Greeks were among the first civilizations to use symbols consistently in order to identify a warrior , clan or a state . In Aeschylus ' tragedy `` Seven Against Thebes '' there is the first record of a shield blazon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bb076286dcc78f7e82efd02a2f1dad1", "text": "Hellenization Hellenization or Hellenisation is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture and , to a lesser extent , language , over foreign peoples conquered by Greeks or brought into their sphere of influence , particularly during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC . The result of Hellenization was that elements of Greek origin combined in various forms and degrees with local elements ; these Greek influences spread from the Mediterranean basin as far east as modern-day Pakistan . In modern times , Hellenization has been associated with the adoption of modern Greek culture and the ethnic and cultural homogenization of Greece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e0a25d58dd42e8a397e0f9e0fbdfe51", "text": "Syrian Haitians Syrian Haitians are Haitian of Syrian descent or a Syrian with Haitian citizenship . A small Syrian community exists in Haiti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d052265c5261b9731342cddf3531bf0", "text": "Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems . The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora . Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4744d192a8cc54661e70e409d04ca3b9", "text": "Greece–Lebanon relations Greece -- Lebanon relations are the foreign relations between the two states of Greece and Lebanon . The relation between both people dates back to early antiquity , with the early trading activities between the ancient Greeks and the Phoenicians . In modern times , Greek-Lebanese bilateral relations are very good at all levels . Greece has an embassy in Beirut and Lebanon has an embassy in Athens . Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean and the Francophonie . Greece is also considered as a spiritual reference for the Lebanese Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic communities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddfd543e1a0ab2b41a7da71a0c6b19ba", "text": "Syrians in Sweden Syrians in Sweden include migrants from Syria to Sweden , as well as their descendants . The number of Syrians ( by Syrian citizenship ) in Sweden is estimated at around 98,216 people in March 2015 and consists mainly of refugees of the Syrian Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858bff1115fe876745e392b7898e8fd9", "text": "Arabs in the Republic of Macedonia Arabs in the Republic of Macedonia are the people from Arab countries , particularly Lebanon , Syria , the Palestinian Territories , Iraq , Jordan and also small groups from Egypt , Algeria , Tunisia , Morocco , Libya and Sudan , who emigrated from their native nations and currently reside in Macedonia . Most Arab Macedonians are of Lebanese or Syrian origin , аs a result of the fact that they were the first Arabs to arrive in Macedonia . In addition , Macedonia has people from Arab countries , who have the status of refugees ( Refugees of the Syrian civil war and Iraqi refugees ) or illegal immigrants ( Algerians of mainly Berber descent and usually mistakenly called Arabs ) trying to immigrate to Western Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3423a8dfd028833d38a19eb43bade602", "text": "Ancient Greek temple Greek temples ( Ancient Greek : Ναός , Naós `` dwelling '' , semantically distinct from Latin templum ( `` temple '' ) were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in ancient Greek religion . The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places , since the sacrifices and rituals dedicated to the respective deity took place outside them . Temples were frequently used to store votive offerings . They are the most important and most widespread building type in Greek architecture . In the Hellenistic kingdoms of Southwest Asia and of North Africa , buildings erected to fulfill the functions of a temple often continued to follow the local traditions . Even where a Greek influence is visible , such structures are not normally considered as Greek temples . This applies , for example , to the Graeco-Parthian and Bactrian temples , or to the Ptolemaic examples , which follow Egyptian tradition . Most Greek temples were oriented astronomically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27920d9cf7f74d902ede91b32f7c44e3", "text": "Near East The Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia . Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles , the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire . The term has fallen into disuse in English and has been replaced by the terms Middle East and Western Asia . According to the National Geographic Society , the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are `` generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula , Cyprus , Egypt , Iraq , Iran , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Palestinian territories , Syria , and Turkey '' . The Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) of the United Nations defines the region similarly , but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beec74d969a11a201b4e7c571bcf5ba1", "text": "Syrians in the United Arab Emirates Syrians in the United Arab Emirates include migrants from Syria to the United Arab Emirates , as well as their descendants . A large number of Syrians live in the UAE . The number of Syrians in the United Arab Emirates is estimated at around 242,000 estimated ( 2015 ) and are mainly Syrian expatriates who have overstayed in the United Arab Emirates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa2ecd9b81e71449c29a29f0cf7c1afb", "text": "Syrian Wars The Syrian Wars were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt , successor states to Alexander the Great 's empire , during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the region then called Coele-Syria , one of the few avenues into Egypt . These conflicts drained the material and manpower of both parties and led to their eventual destruction and conquest by Rome and Parthia . They are briefly mentioned in the biblical Books of the Maccabees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d92381319f925a71ca84ff63b281cae9", "text": "John of Damascus Saint John of Damascus ( Medieval Greek Ἰωάννης ὁ Δαμασκηνός , Ioánnis o Damaskinós , Byzantine -LSB- ioˈanis o ðamasciˈnos -RSB- ; Ioannes Damascenus , يوحنا الدمشقي , ALA-LC : Yūḥannā ad-Dimashqī ) ; also known as John Damascene and as Χρυσορρόας / Chrysorrhoas ( literally `` streaming with gold '' -- i.e. , `` the golden speaker '' ; c. 675 or 676 -- 4 December 749 ) was a Syrian monk and priest . Born and raised in Damascus , he died at his monastery , Mar Saba , near Jerusalem . A polymath whose fields of interest and contribution included law , theology , philosophy , and music , he is said by some sources to have served as a Chief Administrator to the Muslim caliph of Damascus before his ordination . He wrote works expounding the Christian faith , and composed hymns which are still used both liturgically in Eastern Christian practice throughout the world as well as in western Lutheranism at Easter . He is one of the Fathers of the Eastern Orthodox Church and is best known for his strong defense of icons . The Catholic Church regards him as a Doctor of the Church , often referred to as the Doctor of the Assumption due to his writings on the Assumption of Mary . The most common source of information for the life of John of Damascus is a work attributed to one John of Jerusalem , identified therein as the Patriarch of Jerusalem . This is an excerpted translation into Greek of an earlier Arabic text . The Arabic original contains a prologue not found in most other translations , and was written by an Arab monk , Michael . Michael explained that he decided to write his biography in 1084 because none was available in his day . However , the main Arabic text seems to have been written by an earlier author sometime between the early 9th and late 10th centuries AD . Written from a hagiographical point of view and prone to exaggeration and some legendary details , it is not the best historical source for his life , but is widely reproduced and considered to contain elements of some value . The hagiographic novel Barlaam and Josaphat , traditionally attributed to John , is in fact a work of the 10th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d20fa786e20fe263a1f86848cccc057b", "text": "Greek speaking Muslims For the Muslims of Greek ethnic origin , see Greek Muslims For the multiethnic Muslim minority in Thrace in Greece , see Muslim minority ( Greece )", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1113b7cce715675d24f94b6ce86ac447", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy ( born 15 September 1977 ) is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis ( 2002 ) , the crime film RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , biographical psychological drama Bronson ( 2008 ) , sports drama Warrior ( 2011 ) , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ( 2011 ) , crime drama Lawless ( 2012 ) , drama Locke ( 2013 ) , mobster film The Drop ( 2014 ) , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant ( 2015 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen ( 2005 ) , ITV 's Wuthering Heights ( 2008 ) , the Sky 1 drama series The Take ( 2009 ) , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders ( 2013 ) . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo ( 2017 ) on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "383aebd9a18415e19d28c3f67f38511e", "text": "Twin Flats Twin Flats is a 1916 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a0420e678177ee8257512247717e79a", "text": "The Woodlanders The Woodlanders is a novel by Thomas Hardy . It was serialised from May 1886 to April 1887 in Macmillan 's Magazine and published in three volumes in 1887 . It is one of his series of Wessex novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5072268edf791609b96fb1c0787e53d1", "text": "Track of the Zombie Track of the Zombie is the 71st title of the Hardy Boys , written by Franklin W. Dixon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da189226c838b1340f1dfe9e3b07250", "text": "Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95096f1181ea04b66afcb27773804c9b", "text": "A Trampwoman's Tragedy `` A Trampwoman 's Tragedy '' is a 1903 narrative poem in 104 lines by Thomas Hardy . Hardy ranked the poem highly amongst his works , and came to believe that it was `` upon the whole his most successful poem . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5341dc13e2db1f63b46d7baef9be4211", "text": "Tom Norman Tom Norman , born Thomas Noakes , ( 7 May 1860 -- 24 August 1930 ) , was an English businessman , showman and the last exhibitor of Joseph Merrick who was otherwise known as the `` Elephant Man '' . Among his later exhibits were a troupe of midgets , a `` Man in a Trance '' , `` John Chambers the armless Carpenter '' , and the `` World 's Ugliest Woman '' . Norman started his working life as a butcher in Sussex before moving to London at the age of 14 where he sought a career on the music hall stage . There , he became interested in freak shows which he attended in his spare time . After viewing an exhibition called `` Electric Lady '' next door to his place of work , he went into business with the exhibition 's manager and began his career as a showman of human oddities . He quickly became successful , for his patter as much as his exhibits , and was called the ` Silver King ' by the American showman P. T. Barnum . In 1884 , Norman took over the management of Joseph Merrick , otherwise known as the `` Elephant Man '' , and exhibited him for a few weeks until police closed down the show . Merrick later went to live at the London Hospital under the care of Sir Frederick Treves . In his 1923 memoirs , Treves portrayed Norman as a cruel drunk who ruthlessly exploited his acts . Norman refuted this characterisation and said that he provided Merrick ( and his other `` freaks '' ) with a means of making money independently . Norman continued a successful career as a showman and later became an auctioneer of novelty shows and circuses . Norman died in 1930 and was survived by his wife and 10 children , five of whom followed him into the entertainment business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "722325b482436d62ef777c6cfeac45ea", "text": "Stop, Look and Listen (film) Stop , Look and Listen is a 1926 American comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy . It is considered a lost film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b32dbbfd149f515e7e47300d35a46d0", "text": "The Hardy Boys (1969 TV series) The Hardy Boys is an animated series , produced by Filmation and aired Saturday mornings on ABC in 1969 . It featured the Hardy Boys , Joe and Frank , along with their friends Chubby Morton , Wanda Kay Breckenridge , and Pete Jones ( one of the first black characters to appear on Saturday morning television ) touring as a rock band while solving mysteries . The series is also notable for its opening and closing credits , in which the Hardys appeared in live action . The series debuted at the same time as Hanna-Barbera 's similarly themed Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! , which was scheduled against the show on CBS . The series is noteworthy for including the producers rotating wheel for the first time , which would make Filmation a household name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "584d507933efee3483d143bdcbe5f948", "text": "Tom MacRae Tom MacRae ( born 1980 ) is an English television writer . He is the creator of Comedy Central 's Threesome . He has also written for Marple and Lewis for ITV , and Casualty and Bonekickers for the BBC . He wrote the two-part story `` Rise of the Cybermen '' and `` The Age of Steel '' for the 2006 series of Doctor Who . Issue 383 of Doctor Who Magazine reported that MacRae had been commissioned to write the episode `` Century House '' for Series 4 , broadcast in 2008 ; however , this episode was cancelled after Russell T Davies decided that it was too close in tone to another episode . More recently , MacRae wrote `` The Girl Who Waited '' for the 2011 series of Doctor Who . MacRae wrote a picture book for children called The Opposite which has gone into paperback and been published in several languages . His second book for children , Baby Pie also received a paperback edition . His writing for television includes ; BBC One 's Mayo starring Alistair McGowan , `` At Bertrams Hotel '' for Marple and `` Life Born of Fire '' for Lewis ( both for ITV1 ) , The Lines of War for the BBC series Bonekickers and an episode of Casualty . He was nominated for a BAFTA in 2002 for Off Limits : School 's Out for Channel 4 . MacRae grew up in Weedon Bec , Northamptonshire and attended Campion School , Bugbrooke . In 2011 , he created and wrote Threesome , Comedy Central UK 's first original scripted comedy since the channel was renamed in 2009 . It starred Stephen Wight and Amy Huberman as a young couple and Emun Elliott as their gay best friend . A second series has aired . He wrote the book and lyrics to new musical Everybody 's Talking About Jamie , which premiered in Sheffield in February 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "243dad99da2f30c31888dc4f67bd94d2", "text": "An Unfinished Affair An Unfinished Affair is a 1996 American television film directed by Rod Hardy . The film originally premiered on ABC and is now frequently aired on Lifetime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c369dc41eb917cb54ec21d4d3e3b47f7", "text": "Tom Hussey Thomas `` Tom '' Hussey was a Major League Baseball announcer for the Boston Red Sox and Boston Braves . Hussey called Red Sox and Braves games from 1939 to 1950 . He was a secondary play-by-play announcer for home games and recreated road games off wire tickers . He was in the booth for the Red Sox 's first televised game in 1948 . When the Braves and Red Sox separated their television and radio coverage and Hussey became exclusive to the Red Sox . He remained with the Red Sox until 1953 . In addition to calling baseball games , Hussey also spent several years as the host of an early evening sports radio program . In 1959 , Hussey moved to Vero Beach , Florida , where he worked as a chemist for General Division Corp. . He died on March 8 , 1982 at his home in Vero Beach at the age of 71 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "469d0e1f3920664fb45f23feb95655cd", "text": "Tom Lester Thomas William `` Tom '' Lester ( born September 23 , 1938 ) is an American actor and evangelist . He is best known for his role as Eb Dawson , farmhand to Oliver Wendell Douglas ( played by Eddie Albert ) on the television series Green Acres , and he appeared in two feature animal films Gordy and Benji .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df87e781202592dc17e559c122092787", "text": "Fred Lowery Fred Lowery ( 2 November 1909 -- 11 December 1984 ) was a blind professional whistler who recorded a No. 9 Billboard chart hit version of `` The High and the Mighty '' with conductor and arranger LeRoy Holmes . Lowery whistled with Horace Heidt and Vincent Lopez in the 1930s and 40s . His ` Silent Night ' and ` William Tell Overture ' demonstrate the difference between everyday whistling and puccalo . Lowery was born in Palestine in Anderson County in east Texas and lost his eyesight at the age of two after being stricken with scarlet fever . With an artificial right eye and limited vision in the left , Fred Lowery was legally blind - not totally blind . From the age of eight he was educated at the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired . In 1929 , when he was attending school , he met a bird imitator . `` He encouraged me , '' he recalled , `` and I began to discover there was more to whistling than bird calls . '' After a series of minor successes , including a radio show on WFAA in Dallas , and a 4 1/2 year engagement with the Vincent Lopez orchestra in New York , he was heard by Horace Heidt . Heidt gave Lowery his chance for national recognition as a featured part of his show . In 1945 , Lowery struck out on his own . His 1939 version of the song Indian Love Call sold over 2 million copies . During his career , he performed at Carnegie Hall and at the White House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab60ac87828450612aceed371cae7356", "text": "Tom Wright (actor) Tom Wright ( born Harold Thomas Wright ; November 29 , 1952 ) is an American television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eea07251d26f5fac4e64d0b1a40f2e19", "text": "The Hardy Boyz The Hardy Boyz , often referred to simply as The Hardys , are a professional wrestling tag team , consisting of real-life brothers Jeff and Matt Hardy . They are currently signed to the WWE under the Raw brand , and are the brand 's current Tag Team Champions . They first began teaming together in 1993 in independent promotions in North Carolina , winning the NWA 2000 Tag Team Championship in NWA 2000 , and founded the Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts , where they held the OMEGA Tag Team Championship . They both signed contracts with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1998 . In 2000 , they were joined by Lita , and the trio became Team Xtreme . After splitting as a team in 2002 , the brothers reunited in 2006 and teamed sporadically afterward . They also appeared in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA , now known as Impact Wrestling ) , briefly reuniting in 2011 as members of Immortal , and teaming more frequently from 2014 -- 2017 . The Hardy Boyz gained fame for their participation in ladder matches and Tables , Ladders , and Chairs matches with The Dudley Boyz/Team 3D and Edge and Christian . Overall , they are 11-time world tag team champions between WWE , TNA , and ROH , having won the WWF/World Tag Team Championship six times , the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship once , the WCW Tag Team Championship once in WWF/E , the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice , and the ROH World Tag Team Championship once.Considered as one of the greatest tag teams of all time , they are the only team to have held the WWF/World , WCW , TNA , ROH , and WWE Raw Tag Team Championships . On the independent circuit , the brothers hold tag team championships in All Star Wrestling , The Crash , Wrestling Superstar , and OMEGA , the final of which Matt is also the Heavyweight Champion . Both brothers also won singles championships during their runs , with each becoming multi-time world champions in their own right . In 2017 , they held seven Tag Team Championships from seven different promotions at the same time , including the ROH World Tag Team Championship . They are the only tag team in history to be recognized as the TNA and ROH Tag Team Champions simultaneously . At WrestleMania 33 , the Hardy Boyz made their surprising return to the WWE after eight years and won the Raw Tag Team Championship . This makes them the only tag team in history to hold all three top tag titles in North American wrestling in a month 's span .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e44d35d4a18698618c99214a8cf10865", "text": "Live at the Olympic: The Last DJ Live at the Olympic : The Last DJ is a live DVD by American rock band Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers , first released in September 2003 ( see 2003 in music ) . The film features the band 's 2002 album The Last DJ performed in its entirety . Also featured are several of the band 's other songs , and `` You Wreck Me '' from Petty 's 1994 solo album Wildflowers . It was directed by Martyn Atkins . The DVD package includes a Bonus CD containing four covers , recorded for the PBS program Soundstage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ad1f8ac6659baedd980505c7ba5ac61", "text": "The Tomfoolery Show The Tomfoolery Show is an American cartoon comedy television series made and first broadcast in 1970 , based on the works of Edward Lear . The animation was done at the Halas and Batchelor Studios in London and Stroud . Though the works of other writers were also used , notably Lewis Carroll and Ogden Nash , Lear 's works were the main source , and characters like the Yongy-Bonghy-Bo and the Umbrageous Umbrella Maker were all Lear creations . Other regular characters included the Enthusiastic Elephant , the Fizzgiggious Fish , and the Scroobious Snake . Some original material was also written based on characters created by Lear , although much of the material was a straight recital of poems and limericks or songs using Lear 's poems set to music . A recurring joke had a delivery boy running around trying to deliver a large plant and shouting ` Plant for Mrs Discobolus ! ' . Some of the gags were based on Abbott and Costello skits which involved one of the regular characters in troubling situations . A cooking lesson for a silly recipe was presented in each episode . The series was produced by Rankin/Bass , and Videocraft International , who also made the Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Frosty the Snowman television specials . The series was made in England , featuring the voices of Peter Hawkins , Bernard Spear , and the Maury Laws Singers . The series received mostly mixed and negative reviews for not using original material . The series was not renewed after one year on the air . Original air : September 12 , 1970 - September 4 , 1971", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48468acad76907833f8ce6c015739173", "text": "Dan Hardy Daniel Mark `` Dan '' Hardy ( born 17 May 1982 ) is an English former mixed martial artist who fought in the welterweight division . During his professional MMA career starting in 2004 , Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008 . He is currently an analyst and color commentator for the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93debd475a35f28a25e11808cbe72dcc", "text": "Tom's Midnight Garden (film) Tom 's Midnight Garden is a 1999 family fantasy film directed by Willard Carroll and starring Nigel Le Vaillant , Marlene Sidaway and Serena Gordon . After going to stay with his uncle a boy is disappointed that he does n't have a garden he can play in . However , he discovers a secret garden that only appears in the middle of the night . It was based on the novel Tom 's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9dbc39bf64d5aedd40cf6caf450e23a7", "text": "Veronica Mars Veronica Mars is an American teen noir mystery drama television series created by screenwriter Rob Thomas . The series is set in the fictional town of Neptune , California , and stars Kristen Bell as the eponymous character . The series premiered on September 22 , 2004 , during television network UPN 's final two years , and ended on May 22 , 2007 , after a season on UPN 's successor , The CW , airing for three seasons total . Veronica Mars was produced by Warner Bros. . Television , Silver Pictures Television , Stu Segall Productions , and Rob Thomas Productions . Joel Silver and Rob Thomas were executive producers for the entire run of the series , while Diane Ruggiero was promoted in the third season . Veronica Mars is a student who progresses from high school to college while moonlighting as a private investigator under the tutelage of her detective father . In each episode , Veronica solves a different stand-alone case while working to solve a more complex mystery . The first two seasons of the series each had a season-long mystery arc , introduced in the first episode of the season and solved in the season finale . The third season took a different format , focusing on smaller mystery arcs that would last the course of several episodes . Thomas initially wrote Veronica Mars as a young adult novel , which featured a male protagonist ; he changed the gender because he thought a noir piece told from a female point of view would be more interesting and original . Filming began in March 2004 , and the series premiered in September to 2.49 million American viewers . The critically acclaimed first season 's run of 22 episodes garnered an average of 2.5 million viewers per episode in the United States . Veronica Mars appeared on a number of fall television best lists , and garnered several awards and nominations . During the series ' run , it was nominated for two Satellite Awards , four Saturn Awards , five Teen Choice Awards and was featured on AFI 's TV Programs of the Year for 2005 . Following the cancellation of the series , Thomas wrote a feature film script continuing the series . Warner Bros. opted not to fund the project at the time . On March 13 , 2013 , Bell and Thomas launched a fundraising campaign to produce the film through Kickstarter and attained the $ 2 million goal in less than eleven hours . They accumulated over $ 5.7 million via Kickstarter . The film was released on March 14 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca8ebd34218d2113ce35918ae5caf546", "text": "Veronica Mars (character) Veronica Mars is the fictional protagonist , occasional narrator ( through voiceovers ) , and antiheroine of the American television series Veronica Mars , which aired on UPN from 2004 to 2006 and on The CW from 2006 to 2007 . The character was portrayed by Kristen Bell through the duration of the series . Following the show 's cancellation , Bell reprised the role in the 2014 film continuation . The character , created by Rob Thomas , was originally male and the protagonist of his unproduced novel Untitled Rob Thomas Teen Detective Novel , which eventually became the basis of the series . After the work 's transition from novel to television series , Thomas changed the character 's gender from male to female as he believed a noir piece told from a female point of view would be more interesting . Prior to the series , Veronica had to deal with her best friend Lily being murdered , her father losing his reputation as sheriff and her mother leaving him as a result , and losing her status as one of the popular girls in high school because of it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "172fb56a40e169d51e926365b43e506d", "text": "Un-American Graffiti `` Un-American Graffiti '' is the sixteenth episode of the third season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars , and the sixtieth episode overall . Written by Robert Hull and directed by John T. Kretchmer , the episode premiered on The CW on May 1 , 2007 . The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars ( Kristen Bell ) as she deals with life as a college student while moonlighting as a private detective . In this episode , Veronica is hired by an Arab couple who own a Middle Eastern restaurant because their restaurant has recently had the word `` terrorist '' spray-painted on it . Meanwhile , Keith ( Enrico Colantoni ) , as acting Sheriff , looks into underage drinking regulations in local bars after the case of a drunk 19-year-old getting hit by a car comes to Keith 's attention , eventually finding that Veronica is handing out convincing fake IDs to her fellow students . In addition , Veronica attends a birthday party run by Logan ( Jason Dohring ) for his new girlfriend Parker ( Julie Gonzalo ) . `` Un-American Graffiti '' was the first episode of the series not to be part of a larger story arc . This was a change that had been decided upon midway through the season , and series creator Thomas thought that this would make the series more accessible to new viewers . In addition , the episode aired after a two-month hiatus , during which period Thomas created the idea for season four taking place in the FBI Academy . In its original broadcast , the episode garnered 2.35 million viewers and generally negative reviews from television critics , with many criticizing the case-of-the-week as cliché and moralistic . Eric Goldman of IGN compared the episode negatively to an after school special , while Rowan Kaiser , writing for The A.V. Club , disliked the portrayal of Rashad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ab193fabf4f061d4b413dc6ea8a6a1f", "text": "Wichita Linebacker `` Wichita Linebacker '' is the third episode of the third season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars , and the forty-seventh episode overall . Written by Phil Klemmer and John Enbom and directed by Harry Winer , the episode premiered on The CW on October 17 , 2006 . The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars ( Kristen Bell ) as she deals with life as a college student while moonlighting as a private detective . In this episode , Veronica helps a football player , Kurt Fenstermacher ( Armie Hammer ) retrieve his stolen playbook . Meanwhile , Piz ( Chris Lowell ) gains a job at the college radio station , and Veronica meets Dean O'Dell ( Ed Begley , Jr. ) for the first time after she gets in trouble for events related to the events that occurred in the previous episode , `` My Big Fat Greek Rush Week '' . Phil Klemmer and John Enbom , the writers of the episode , found the episode difficult to write because they were not very familiar with American football . However , they decided to resolve the problem by making the episode as little about football as possible . `` Wichita Linebacker '' also features a guest appearance by Armie Hammer , as well as the first appearances by Begley , Jr. as Cyrus O'Dell and Ryan Devlin as Mercer Hayes . The episode received mixed to negative reviews , with criticism primarily focusing on the case of the week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "903dadd914dbaa71683551f0ba547470", "text": "Betty and Veronica (Veronica Mars) `` Betty and Veronica '' is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars . Written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Michael Fields , the episode premiered on UPN on March 29 , 2005 . The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars ( Kristen Bell ) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective . In this episode , Veronica investigates the mysterious disappearance of Neptune High 's mascot , a parrot named Polly , and eventually goes undercover at Neptune High 's rival , Pan High . Meanwhile , in flashbacks , Veronica deals with the aftermath of finding her mother ( Corinne Bohrer ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e086349e3b1804b3dcd37312253fe804", "text": "Military Auxiliary Radio System The Military Auxiliary Radio System ( MARS ) is a United States Department of Defense sponsored program , established as a separately managed and operated program by the United States Army , and the United States Air Force . The United States Navy-Marine program has been closed . The program is a civilian auxiliary consisting primarily of licensed amateur radio operators who are interested in assisting the military with communications on a local , national , and international basis as an adjunct to normal communications . The MARS programs also include active duty , reserve , and National Guard units ; Navy , Marine Corps , and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ships , and Coast Guard cutters and shore stations . MARS has a long history of providing worldwide auxiliary emergency communications during times of need . The combined two-service MARS programs ( Army , and Air Force ) , volunteer force of over 3,000 dedicated and skilled amateur radio operators provide the backbone of the MARS program . The main benefit of MARS membership is enjoying the amateur radio hobby through an ever-expanding horizon of MARS service to the nation . MARS members work by the slogan `` Proudly Serving Those Who Serve '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cafa1ef2c5eac41f91fbc8ee00e631d", "text": "Mars (2004 film) Mars is a 2004 Russian film , directed and written by Anna Melikian . Set in a small Russian city of Mars , the film tells the story of a professional boxer who has run away from his life to a small Russian town on the coast of the Black Sea . The story contains elements of surrealism and magical realism . The town 's main industry is the manufacture of plush toys , which function as a local currency . The boxer is color blind ; his color blindness is portrayed , for example , by a profusion of blue apples . The city of Mars was formerly called Marks : Марс as opposed to Маркс , the name change being effected by removing one letter from the roof of the railway station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a44924ac1513c9ac9c0b55da50020f76", "text": "James L. Green James Lauer Green is an American physicist who received his Ph.D. in Space Physics from the University of Iowa in 1979 and who worked at NASA since then . He began working in the Magnetospheric Physics Branch at NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center in 1980 . At Marshall , Green developed and managed the Space Physics Analysis Network that provided scientists with access to data . From 1985 to 1992 he was the head of the National Space Science Data Center ( NSSDC ) at Goddard Space Flight Center . The NSSDC is NASA 's largest space science data archive . He was the Chief of the Space Science Data Operations Office from 1992 until 2005 , when he became the Chief of the Science Proposal Support Office . While at Goddard , Green was a co-investigator and the Deputy Project Scientist on the IMAGE mission . He has written over 100 scientific articles in refereed journals involving various aspects of the Earth 's and Jupiter 's magnetospheres and over 50 technical articles on various aspects of data systems and networks . In August 2006 , Green became the Director of the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters . In that role he serves as a spokesman for NASA for planetary missions , for instance announcing the likelihood that there was once flowing water on Mars in September 2015 . Under his leadership at the Planetary Science Division , several missions have been successfully completed or launched , including the New Horizons probe to Pluto , the MESSENGER probe to Mercury , the launch of Juno probe to Jupiter , the launch of Grail A and B to the Moon , the Dawn probe to Vesta , and the landing of the Mars Science Laboratory and Curiosity rover on Mars . In 1988 , he received the Arthur S. Flemming award given for outstanding individual performance in the federal government and was awarded Japan 's Kotani Prize in 1996 in recognition of his international science data management activities . In 2016 , Green was named an Alumni Fellow of the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences ( CLAS ) at the University of Iowa . In a 2015 TED presentation , he offered a survey of the places in our solar system that are most likely to harbor alien life . In 2015 Green was a part of the NASA involvement with the film The Martian . Green , a Civil War Trust member , has written about Civil War ballooning and has spoken at the 150th anniversary of the first tether balloon ascension . He served as an advisor on the Intrepid project , an initiative to construct and fly the world 's first replica of a Civil War manned balloon , and presented a talk for its official first lift-off at the Genesee Country Village & Museum celebration in Mumford , New York on July 4 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc96924a5cf310bead15b343fbe5c605", "text": "Martian language Martian language is the nickname of unconventional representation of Chinese characters online . `` Martian '' describes that which seems strange to local culture . The term was popularised by a line from the 2001 Hong Kong comedy Shaolin Soccer , in which Sing ( Stephen Chow ) tells Mui ( Zhao Wei ) : `` Go back to Mars , the Earth is so dangerous . '' In the 2006 General Scholastic Ability Test of Taiwan , students were asked to interpret symbols and phrases written in `` Martian language '' , and the controversies which followed forced the testing center to abandon the practice in future exams . In 2007 , Martian language began to catch on in mainland China . The first adopters of Martian language mainly consisted of Post-90s netizens . They use it in their nicknames , short messages , and chat rooms in order to demonstrate personality differences . Later , they found that their teachers and parents could hardly figure out their new language , which quickly became their secret code to communicate with each other . The Martian language became so popular in cyberspace that even some pieces of software were created to translate between Chinese and Martian language . Chinese online bloggers followed up the trend to use Martian language , because they found that their blog posts written in the new language can easily pass Internet censorship engines , which are currently based on text-matching techniques .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25813bbfbd6f682aca4ed66d1d81fdc0", "text": "La rosa de Guadalupe La Rosa de Guadalupe ( English : The Rose of Guadalupe ) is a Mexican anthology drama series created and produced by Carlos Mercado Orduña for Televisa . Each episode presents a self-contained story . Canal de las Estrellas is currently broadcasting it on Monday , Wednesday , and Friday at 5:15 P.M. Univision has broadcast La rosa de Guadalupe since 26 June 2008 , and was broadcast weekday mornings at 11am/10c from 22 October 2012 to 3 January 2014 . From 6 January to 7 March 2014 , Univision aired La rosa de Guadalupe weekday afternoons at 2pm/1c , replacing 1 hour of Hoy . As of 7 April 2014 , Univision is airing La rosa de Guadalupe weekday afternoons at 3pm/2c , replacing La Mujer del Vendaval . As of 22 September 2014 , Univision is broadcasting La rosa de Guadalupe weekday afternoons at 2pm/1c replacing Hoy '' . It all starts from the problem statement , when the main character has nothing to do with what will happen . It then start getting involved in different situations , such as addictions or physical or sexual abuse , which make different character close to the people realize that attitude is changing . Some of these such people , being devout ( a ) to the Virgin of Guadalupe , asked to protect that person . At the same time , a white rose appear before an altar or statue of the Virgin belongs to the person who prayed and remain there during development of the story , which is usually when the problem is compounded . The fact that the rose appears gives the meaning of the petition has been heard . At the climax of the story , which is the time where the main character is in a serious situation , the closest person `` asked '' intercedes for him and tries to help . Fixed issue , the main character is `` fondled '' by a wind that represents the act of the Virgin of Guadalupe , and since the end of the episode , the white rose disappears as one character narrates the own message of each chapter as a moral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ae41fe04ba21eaff65bcdbc0f6177c7", "text": "Robert Hull Robert Hull is an American television writer and producer . He is well known for his work on The CW Television Network drama/Mystery `` Veronica Mars '' and `` Gossip Girl '' as well as the Fox Television Network/Bad Robot drama `` Alcatraz '' produced by J.J. Abrams and the ABC fantasy/mystery series Once Upon a Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "349038660839066f1fbaf909354ff99a", "text": "Girls' Love Stories Girls ' Love Stories was an American romance comic book magazine published by DC Comics in the United States . Started in 1949 as DC 's first romance title , it ran for 180 issues , ending with the Nov-Dec 1973 issue . The stories covered such topics as girls worrying about getting a man , or marrying out of pressure , not love . Some of the early covers were photographs . The book 's initial tagline was `` True to Life ! '' Writers for the title included Bob Kanigher and George Kashdan . Notable artists for Girls ' Love Stories included Tony Abruzzo , Vince Colletta , Bill Draut , Frank Giacoia , Gil Kane , Bob Oksner , Art Peddy , Jay Scott Pike , John Romita Sr. , Joe Rosen , John Rosenberger , Bernard Sachs , and Mike Sekowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca189a3bd5c1ab66e5514d4bceff64b", "text": "Mercy Point Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama , created by Trey Callaway , David Simkins , and Milo Frank , which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network ( UPN ) from October 6 , 1998 , to July 15 , 1999 . With an ensemble cast led by : Joe Morton , Maria del Mar , Alexandra Wilson , Brian McNamara , Salli Richardson , Julia Pennington , Gay Thomas , Jordan Lund , and Joe Spano , the series takes place in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space and revolves around its doctors and nurses . The series was produced by Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television ; the executive producers were Trey Callaway , Michael Katleman , Lee David Zlotoff , Joe Voci , and Scott Sanders . Callaway developed Mercy Point from Frank 's script , `` Nightingale One '' , as a concept for a feature film under the working title of the same name . Even though it was picked up by Mandalay Television , the concept was eventually revised as a television project and renamed Mercy Point due to the disappointing commercial performance of the 1997 film Starship Troopers . The show was part of a $ 3 million deal between Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television to produce 200 hours of material . It was filmed in Vancouver to reduce production costs , with the hospital sets constructed on a series of sound stages . Director Joe Napolitano had praised the show for its use of a complete set to allow for more intricate directing . Despite being envisioned as a companion to Star Trek : Voyager , it was paired with Moesha and Clueless as its lead-in on Tuesday nights . Initially focused on ethical and medical cases , the show 's storylines gradually shifted toward relating the characters ' personal relationships to better fit UPN 's primarily teen demographic . Mercy Point was placed on hiatus after only two episodes were aired , and was replaced by the reality television series America 's Greatest Pets and the sitcom Reunited . The show suffered from low viewership , with an average of two million viewers . The final four episodes of the series were broadcast in two , two-hour blocks on Thursday nights in July 1999 . It was never released on DVD or Blu-ray . Critical response to Mercy Point was mixed ; some television critics praised its characterization and use of science-fiction elements , while others found it to be uninteresting and unoriginal . Several media commentators negatively compared the show to other television programs . Callaway has stated that he had the potential story arcs for the full first season already planned before the show 's cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59d53fa15eade6a7cc2c205e1b056129", "text": "How We Went to Mars `` How We Went to Mars '' is a short story by Arthur C. Clarke . It was first published in March 1938 in the third and final issue of the magazine Amateur Science Stories . This humorous story is about a group of British rocket scientists who travel to Mars aboard one of their rockets and their interactions with Martian society . This short story was awarded the 1939 Retro Hugo at Loncon 3 in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f12c6bab5904578872ffc015e7a3d9", "text": "Modern Mars habitability One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is , or ever has been life on Mars . Mars probably had oceans in the past , and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere . Modern Mars has become cold , dry , and almost uninhabitable , yet , if life did ever arise on Mars , some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present . The only missions to search for life on Mars , the two Viking missions , returned results that were inconclusive . However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars , which may have confused the results of the experiments . Also , they did n't know enough about Mars at that time to target the regions we now think are most likely to have present day life . Life would meet many challenges on present day Mars . Liquid water boils at 0 ° C , over much of its surface . Even at the depths of the Hellas basin , any water is close to its boiling point of 10 ° C and will dry out quickly . Ice also evaporates into the atmosphere over geological timescales - and most of the equatorial regions are thought to be dry to depths of tens of meters . As its axial tilt varies , Mars atmosphere is sometimes thicker , and liquid water may then form on the surface - but any dormant life in the top few meters of soil would be destroyed over periods of millions of years by cosmic radiation . However , in 2008 , droplets were observed on the landing legs of Phoenix . Sadly , there was no way to analyse them , but the leading hypothesis is that they were droplets of salty water . Phoenix also made isotopic measurements which show that the Mars atmosphere has exchanged oxygen molecules with liquid on the surface in the recent geological past . This could indicate either recent episodic occurrences of liquid water ( for instance after a meteorite strike ) or water present every year , in contact with the atmosphere . We now know of many seasonal changes in the surface of Mars which are only visible in high resolution photographs . Most of these are now thought to be caused by dry ice or wind effects . However , the `` Recurrent slope lineae '' , and some of the `` flow like features '' form in conditions that suggest the occasional presence of small quantities of water on Mars . The evidence of flowing brines in the RSLs is strong , though it 's not known if they are habitable . Curiosity has also found indirect evidence of a brine layer 15 cm below the sands that it drives over , though most scientists think that this layer is not habitable for Earth life . Recent Mars surface simulations by Nilton Renno and his team have shown that small droplets of water can form on salt / ice interfaces for a few hours per day almost anywhere on the surface of Mars , and this may explain the Phoenix leg droplets observations . In a separate development , research by the German aerospace company DLR in Mars simulation chambers and on the ISS show that some Earth life can survive simulated Mars surface conditions without any water at all , and photosynthesize and metabolize , slowly . It can do this using the high relative humidity of the Mars atmosphere at night . All of this work was done after the Phoenix discoveries in 2008 . Other potential habitats include lakes formed in the higher latitudes after cometary or meteorite impacts , or as a result of volcanism . Covered by ice , these may remain liquid for centuries , or up to a few thousand years for the largest impacts . The planet may also have underground trapped layers of water heated by geothermal hotspots . Also there are suggestions that Mars may have a deep hydrosphere , a liquid layer below its cryosphere , a few kilometers below the surface . Deep rock habitats on Earth are inhabited by life so if this layer exists , it may also be habitable on Mars . The main questions are Do these potential habitats exist ? Are they habitable ? For instance , liquid water , if present , could be too cold , or too salty for Earth life Are they in fact inhabited by any forms of life ? As Mars is so inhospitable , life might not be able to spread to new habitats easily . So there might be life in some of the habitats and not in others . Or life on Mars may have gone extinct , or never evolved at all , in which case none of the habitats would be inhabited . These discoveries have renewed interest in this topic , with many astrobiologists saying that they think present day Mars may be more habitable than previously thought . The first conference on the Present Day Habitability of Mars was held in 2013 in UCLA . The 2017 conference session on Modern Mars Habitability will run from April 24 -- 28 in Mesa , Arizona", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca0d3e11dc59b3c0416950f8a454f26", "text": "Mars program The Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973 . The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars , and included flyby probes , landers and orbiters . Early Mars spacecraft were small , and launched by Molniya rockets . Starting with two failures in 1969 , the heavier Proton-K rocket was used to launch larger 5 tonne spacecraft , consisting of an orbiter and a lander to Mars . The orbiter bus design was likely somewhat rushed into service and immature , considering that it performed very reliably in the Venera variant after 1975 . This reliability problem was common to much Soviet space hardware from the late 1960s and early 1970s and was largely corrected with a deliberate policy , implemented in the mid-1970s , of consolidating ( or `` debugging '' ) existing designs rather than introducing new ones . The names of the `` Mars '' missions do not need to be translated , as the word `` Mars '' is spelled and pronounced approximately the same way in English and Russian . In addition to the Mars program , the Soviet Union also sent a probe to Mars as part of the Zond program ; Zond 2 , however it failed en route . Two more spacecraft were sent during the Phobos program . In 1996 , Russia launched Mars 96 , its first interplanetary mission since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , however it failed to depart Earth orbit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945", "text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bef238b1fb501b9b68b618a1d4bfa6e0", "text": "Mars: The Home Front `` Mars : The Home Front '' is a short story by George Alec Effinger , published in War of the Worlds : Global Dispatches . It is a crossover between H. G. Wells ' The War of the Worlds and Edgar Rice Burroughs ' Barsoom series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36c787b04bafda116791fe8615a3e3a7", "text": "Journey to Venus Journey to Venus the Primeval World ; Its Wonderful Creations and Gigantic Monsters is an 1895 science fiction novel written by Gustavus W. Pope . The book was a sequel to Pope 's novel of the previous year , Journey to Mars . The Venus volume features the same hero and heroine , Lt. Frederick Hamilton , USN , and his love interest the Martian princess Suhlamia . They travel to Venus on a Martian `` ethervolt '' spacecraft . The publisher promoted the book as `` full of exciting adventures , hairbreadth escapes , and perilous vicissitudes , among primeval monsters and semi-human creatures , the episodes following each other in such breathless succession that the interest of the reader never flags . '' Modern critics have noted the book largely for its depiction of giant dinosaur-like Venusian beasts . Pope 's pair of novels on Mars and Venus ( volumes in a projected Romances of the Planets series that the author never continued ) were precursors of popular planetary adventure novels of the twentieth century by Edgar Rice Burroughs , Otis Adelbert Kline , and other writers . The original edition of Journey to Venus from Arena Publishing Co. featured sixteen illustrations by `` Miss Fairfax and Mrs. McAuley . '' The ensuing `` paper-covered '' edition reduced the illustrations to three . After the 1896 bankruptcy of Arena Publishing , Journey to Venus was reprinted in 1897 by the New York firm F. T. Neely , with the reduced number of three illustrations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb09acc3094b49b60ee1322be93acc24", "text": "Life Is Peachy Life Is Peachy is the second studio album by the American nu metal band Korn , released on October 15 , 1996 through both Immortal Records and Epic Records . After the release of Korn 's 1994 self-titled debut album , the band asked Ross Robinson to produce and went back to Indigo Ranch to record . Life Is Peachy has fourteen tracks , excluding the hidden track after `` Kill You '' . Korn released three singles from Life Is Peachy : `` No Place to Hide '' , `` A.D.I.D.A.S. '' , and `` Good God '' . All three singles went on the UK Singles Chart . Life Is Peachy features such themes as drugs , social encounters , sex , and revenge . The album 's cover art was designed by Martin Riedl and its name is credited to Korn 's bassist Reginald `` Fieldy '' Arvizu . Life Is Peachy was certified gold on January 8 , 1997 and was later certified platinum on December 9 , 1997 . Following the success of Korn 's 1994 self-titled debut album , Life Is Peachy was certified double platinum on November 10 , 1999 . Life Is Peachy debuted and peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and peaked at number one in New Zealand . In its first week of being released , the album sold 106,000 copies . Critical reception for Life Is Peachy was mainly mixed , with critics praising the album 's songwriting and sound quality . Before the release of Life Is Peachy , Korn toured with many bands . Initially , Korn joined the Sick of It All Tour . Following the Sick of It All Tour , Korn joined the Danzig 4 Tour . Korn also toured with Megadeth , Fear Factory , and Flotsam and Jetsam . After the release of Life Is Peachy , Korn toured solo , and headlined and often sold out shows . Korn also toured in the Lollapalooza summer tour .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "80d57094abb6f089adcd5066a5aa7024", "text": "The Archers (album) The Archers was the first nationally released major label album for The Archers . Originally released as Any Day Now in 1972 on their independent Charisma Records label , it garnered the group almost immediate national attention and launched them on to the national stage . Issued before radio charts for Jesus music or Contemporary Christian music were established , it included the hits , `` Life In Jesus '' , `` Jesus Is The Answer '' and `` God 's Love '' . On the strength of the album , The Archers appeared at Explo '72 in the summer of that year , and on to other major concert appearances at Madison Square Garden , the Arie Crown Theater in Chicago 's McCormack Place and the Jesus Joy festival in following months . The John T. Benson Company bought Charisma Records later that year , signing the group to their first recording contract , resulting in the album 's retitled release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0782aef3726d7f207d2862ffbc5597fc", "text": "Moby (album) Moby is the debut studio album by American electronica musician Moby , released in July 1992 by record label Instinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff", "text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72718a20934905bdb0aad10afd2a6b0a", "text": "Eric Nicks Eric Nicks is the founder of Alpine Music Group home to R&B sensation Justine Skye . Eric Nicks is a music industry veteran , having been named the Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown . He also founded R&B Live NY , an industry showcase in New York City . Nicks sits on the board of advisors for the Brooklyn Academy of Music . He is often a guest speaker at a variety of colleges , including NYU , Morehouse , and many others . On top of founding Alpine Music Group , Eric also created a bowling app called Side Action Bowling . Eric Nicks graduated from New York University and began co-managing the sister of his best friend , up and coming rapper , Foxy Brown - ( rapper ) . In ` 96 Nicks received a call from Lyor Cohen and Chris Lighty , offering him an A&R position at Violator ( company ) Records and Management where he would help shape the careers of LL Cool J , Busta Rhymes , and Noreaga among others . After spending 5 years at Violator , Lighty named him President of the records division until he stepped off to start a management company , EVision , with LL Cool J as one of his clients . He was involved in the platinum releases of Foxy Brown 's Ill NaNa , LL Cool J 's The DEFinition , and Lyfe Jennings ' debut Lyfe 268-192 . Eric Nicks received a tap from Kevin Liles , former president of Def Jam , for a position as Vice President of A&R at Def Jam . Under Nicks ' tenure at Def Jam , LL dropped his 10th studio album titled `` 10 '' which included LL Cool J 's 1st # 1 single `` Love You Better . '' and 11th studio album `` The Definition '' which included LL 's 2nd # 1 single `` Headsprung '' and 3rd # 1 single `` All I Need '' featuring Jennifer Lopez . In 2003 , Nicks left Def Jam to become Sr. . Vice President of A&R at Sony Records where he A&R 'd Lyfe Jennings Platinum debut album `` 268-192 '' . He went on to become Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown Records in 2006 . In 2007 , Eric Nicks created R&B Live New York . Since its inception , R&B Live has hosted artists such as Fantasia , Ne-Yo , Trey Songz , Brian McKnight and many more . The star-studded room has included Kevin Liles , Jay-Z , Denzel Washington , Terrence Howard and many other celebrities and industry executives . 2008 marked the conception of Brookland Entertainment , Eric Nicks ' own record label company formed in conjunction with the Trackmasters . Brookland Entertainment was home to the hit single `` Download '' by Lil ' Kim ft. T-Pain and Charlie Wilson and dancehall artist Beenie Man . In 2010 Eric Nicks founded Alpine Music Group , which includes a self owned management company , a joint venture publishing company with Sony/ATV and a Record Label under Atlantic Records which houses upcoming sensation Justine Skye . In 2010 Eric also founded Alpine Music Publishing which houses records from Justine Bieber `` U Smile '' , One Direction `` Got ta Be you '' , Justine Skye `` Collide '' and many more . A&R Discography", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cee6de857fdca9be35e3819a722b310", "text": "Schoolkids Records Schoolkids Records is a retail indie record store based in the `` Triangle '' region of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill , North Carolina . Founded in 1974 , Schoolkids is one of the longest running music retail stores in the country and at one point had as many as 7 stores throughout the eastern North Carolina region ( Raleigh ( 2 ) , Durham , Chapel Hill , Cary , Greenville ) and one in Athens , Georgia . As of 2009 the main flagship store in Raleigh , NC ( Across from NC State University ) was the sole location still in business . In October 2013 , the store announced it would relocate to the Mission Valley Shopping Center to make way for a destination hotel that was causing the eviction of several local businesses along Hillsborough Street . The new location would still allow the business to operate close to the university , while expanding space for live music performances and the ability to sell craft beers . The store has often been located close to College and University campus and focuses mostly on selling Alternative , Independent and College music , selling both Vinyl and CDs , with the trend largely going back to more and more Vinyl by 2012 . Schoolkids has been widely known as the main record store for almost 40 years ( until the other locations closed ) around schools such as : North Carolina State University , The University of North Carolina , Duke University , East Carolina University and The University of Georgia . The store has often been the destination and shopping preference for many local and national bands in this area , many of whom either worked at the store or started selling their first albums or 7 '' singles at the store on consignment . Artists to get their start selling records at Schoolkids include : Ryan Adams and Whiskeytown , Superchunk , Archers of Loaf , Ben Folds , The Connells , Polvo , Athenaeum , Squirrel Nut Zippers and many others . The store was also one of the first retail outlets to sell No Depression Magazine and to work with labels such as Merge Records , Mammoth Records and Yep Roc Records . The store saw its highest level of sales in the early 90 's when the independent music sector exploded with the success of Nirvana . Schoolkids has often been confused with some of the other stores in the country with the same name , including `` School Kids Records '' and `` School Kids in Exile '' in Ann Arbor , Michigan as well as other cities like Gainesville , Florida , but the stores were not connected in ownership to the main independent chain in North Carolina . Schoolkids is a founding members of the CIMS Coalition , The first national Coalition of Independent Music Stores and has also been named by both Time Magazine and The Grammys as one of the `` top ten '' record stores in the United States . In 2014 , in their new location at the Mission Valley Shopping Center ( just on the south side of NC State 's main campus ) , Schoolkids obtained an ABC license and started serving craft beers on draft and cans to their customers . The store increased its instore performances from national and local bands and became a store by day and a lounge-style bar/venue by night . Shows end early ( generally start at 8pm ) and are over by 10pm . All shows are free and the store encourages customers to tip the band in a ` pass the Devo energy dome ' event each night . For Record Store Day 2014 , Schoolkids had its best sales day in its 40-year history . In July , they hosted a 40th Anniversary show for free at the Lincoln Theatre and the lineup was : The DeBonzo Brothers , Hank Sinatra , Six String Drag , The Baseball Project ( Featuring Steve Wynn of the Dream Syndicate and his wife Linda Pitmon , Scott McCaughey ( Minus 5 ) , Mike Mills & Peter Buck ( R.E.M. ) and co-headliners , drivin ' n ' cryin ' . The show was a huge success drawing close to 700 people for the 5 -- 6 hour event . The store also saw Rock & Roll Hall of Fame legend , John Densmore , of the Doors visit for a book signing in September that drew over 300 rabid fans of The Doors to the store to enjoy some beers and get a book signed by a rock and roll legend . At year end , Schoolkids had seen its first growth year in almost 10 years and Vinyl sales were now 70 % of the business , with a growth of 57 % from 2013-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34747fd8c5338aab0509c6158f703671", "text": "The Essential Allman Brothers Band: The Epic Years The Essential Allman Brothers Band : The Epic Years is a greatest hits album by the Allman Brothers Band released in 2004 . The album is put out by their former label , Epic Records , and is part of then-Sony BMG 's The Essential series . The album has songs created by the band from their switch to Epic for their 1989 reformation until they left the label in 2003 . What is now Sony Music Entertainment also owns the band 's releases on Arista Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c", "text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77df29c1dc8ed692f7da8e9822a69088", "text": "PEACH PEACH ( born Patricia Elaine Reasoner ; June 1 , 1951 ) is an American blues and jazz artist -- singer , songwriter , and guitarist , and producer . She currently resides in Venice , California U.S.A.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e354ea5742b0b505908f29013161619", "text": "Shout! Factory Shout ! Factory is an American home video and music company founded in 2003 . Its video releases include previously released feature films , classic and contemporary TV series , animation , live music , and comedy specials . Shout ! Factory also owns and operates Timeless Media Group , Biograph Records , Majordomo Records , HighTone Records , and Video Time Machine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6d740ccb8bab86f54c0572c9d0239e", "text": "My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult discography The American electronic industrial rock band My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult has released ten studio albums , one live album , three compilation albums , two video albums , six remix albums , three extended plays , and ten singles . In addition , their songs have been featured on three soundtrack albums and one promotional single for major Hollywood films . They began their career on the independent record label Wax Trax ! Records , which , like the band , was based in Chicago . In 1991 , their single `` Sexplosion ! '' from the album of the same name became a top 10 dance club hit in the U.S. Following this success , Thrill Kill Kult was signed by the major label Interscope Records , which re-released the Sexplosion ! album . On Interscope , the band achieved their biggest hit , `` Sex On Wheelz '' , which reached the top 20 on both the dance club and alternative U.S. charts . The band 's 1993 Interscope album 13 Above the Night was their only album to chart , reaching # 194 on the Billboard top 200 albums chart . The album provided two more dance chart hits , `` Blue Buddha '' and `` Final Blindness '' . After one more Interscope album , Thrill Kill Kult briefly moved to Red Ant Records in the late 1990s . Their releases since 2000 have been on Rykodisc and/or the band 's own label , Sleazebox Records . Thrill Kill Kult 's songs have also been featured ( along with other artists ) on three soundtrack albums for the films Cool World ( 1992 ) , The Crow ( 1994 ) , and Showgirls ( 1995 ) , as well as a promo-only single for the film The Flintstones ( 1994 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54c3fd4edcb18b57299dbcebfc5258e9", "text": "Eternal Records Eternal Records was a British imprint of Warner Bros. . Records . Originally formed in the early 1980s as an imprint for various genres , it was later relaunched in the mid-1990s as an electronic/Eurodance imprint . The label went dormant in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa42c202f2d7877ab8535499f0744a7b", "text": "Olivia Records Olivia Records was a collective founded in 1973 to record and market women 's music . Olivia , named after the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school , was the brainchild of ten lesbian-feminists ( the Furies Collective and Radicalesbians ) living in Washington , D.C. who wanted to create a feminist organization with an economic base . Olivia was co-founded by Judy Dlugacz . In 1973 , the collective put out a 45 with Meg Christian on one side and Cris Williamson on the other . Yoko Ono responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia , but the collective politely declined . Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person , they made $ 12,000 with that 45 , enough to put out singer Meg Christian 's first record , and soon after , Williamson 's groundbreaking album The Changer and the Changed . Sandy Stone was Olivia 's sound engineer from ca. 1974-1978 , recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period . She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman . The debate continued in Janice Raymond 's book The Transsexual Empire , which devoted a chapter to criticism of `` the transsexually constructed lesbian-feminist '' . In 1977 , after repeated criticism by Anita Bryant , Olivia put out Lesbian Concentrate , a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund . Included on the 13 track LP is Meg Christian 's `` Ode To A Gym Teacher '' and Sue Fink 's `` Leaping Lesbians '' . Olivia moved first to Los Angeles to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to Oakland . The remaining five women of the collective , who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years , began to disperse . Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988 . The two concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history . Yet , The New York Times barely mentioned the show . Even though Olivia Records released world music and salsa records , they were most successful with acoustic solo acts , although sometimes they failed to identify mainstream talent . In 1985 , singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge , then a struggling Los Angeles artist , sent her demo to Olivia , but was ultimately rejected . Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time . She saved the rejection letter , signed by `` the women of Olivia , '' which was featured in Intimate Portrait , the Lifetime Television documentary of her life . Unable to reinvent themselves for the changing musical landscape for women , from riot grrl to Lilith Fair to Ani Difranco , Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label . Olivia Records founded Olivia , the lesbian cruise line , in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9391907efe5050281db0cfc765cae639", "text": "It's Classy, Not Classic It 's Classy , Not Classic is the debut studio album by American electronic rock duo Breathe Carolina . It was released on September 16 , 2008 through Rise Records . Recorded in 2008 using GarageBand by Apple Inc. , Schmitt also used a MIDI controller and several beat programs to create the tracks . It contains all of the tracks from their EP , Gossip ( 2007 ) , excluding `` Do n't Forget : Lock the Door '' , which was later included on the deluxe edition of their second studio album , Hello Fascination ( 2009 ) . It reached number 186 on the Billboard 200 , as well as number 6 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart . A music video directed by Robby Starbuck was released for the track `` Diamonds '' , which features guest appearances by the American electropop group Millionaires and Josh White from Umbrella Clothing and This City Is Burning Records . This album has less of a focus on guitars when compared to the bands following releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "346ee084c68a2af8a18a7cde0f04f970", "text": "Empire (Queensrÿche album) Empire is the fourth full-length album by the American heavy metal band Queensrÿche , released on August 20 , 1990 . The album stands as Queensrÿche 's most commercially successful release , reaching triple-platinum status and the primary single , the power ballad `` Silent Lucidity '' , reached No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks and No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 . `` Silent Lucidity '' was also nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1992 in the categories Best Rock Song and Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9525137c39fc8b3162fed8574101c32", "text": "Pure Mint Recordings Pure Mint Recordings is a British independent record label based in London . The label was established in 2004 by Anthony Hall ( a dual qualified English and New York lawyer and musician ) together with Dashal Beevers , growing out of an earlier incarnation called Mint Source Recordings . In 2003 Mint Source released the critically acclaimed compilation Flowers in the Attic featuring some of Nottingham 's rising stars of deep house , including Crazy Penis , Bent -- with their remix of the Hall & Oates classic `` I Ca n't Go For That '' ( which Bent chose to finish their Big Chill set with in 2004 ) , Zoe Johnston ( who has written and performed with Faithless ) , Oz from The DiY Sound System , Heavy Deviance and Neon Heights amongst others . The label has found supporters worldwide for its eclectic catalogue and has licensed repertoire to Norman Jay ( Giant 45 ) -RSB- , Carl Cox in Australia , Junior Vasquez , Fabric -- Fabric Live 17 ( mixed by AIM ) , Mastercuts ( CUTSCD-58 Mastercuts Chilled ) , Aquasky and others . Releases include T-Total 's version of Brian Eno 's `` Baby 's on Fire '' -- with guest ` featured vocals ' from Soft Cell 's Marc Almond -- and the debut long player `` A Slow Walk Down The Stairs '' from Heavy Deviance , themselves favourites of Chris Coco , Mark Rae , Rob Da Bank , KCRW ( LA ) , -LSB- Laurent Garnier , Bent , Crazy Penis etc. . A Slow Walk Down The Stairs was voted 16th best album of 2005 by M8 Magazine . The label has moved away from its originally exclusive dance release-base to include electropop ( T-Total ft Marc Almond ) , indie folk ( Nigel of Bermondsey ex Gay Dad -- nominated for the XFM 2009 New Music Award ) , rock ( Hungary 's FreshFabrik ) , indie-dance ( Elevator Suite ) , political satire ( Margo Guryan 's 16 Words ) and breaks ( Michael Morph ) , with collaborations and artist releases from Long Range ( Phil Hartnoll from Orbital and Nick Smith -RSB- ) , Yo Majesty , Aquasky , Alex Metric and others . As of November 2009 , the label 's catalogue comprises approximately 25 releases ( singles , 12 inch vinyls and LPs ) On 4 December 2009 Hall resigned from the BPI Rights Committee and the IFPI 's International Legal Committees citing irreconcilable differences over the industry 's approach to file sharing and their support of the draft Digital Economy Bill ( DEB ) going through the UK parliament at the time . He was quoted as saying : I am particularly surprised that the record industry has chosen to endorse s. 17 of the DEB , which I consider is wholly undemocratic and contrary to centuries of good practice regarding the forming of our copyright legislation . I also believe it may set a dangerous precedent going forwards ( and could come back to haunt the industry )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2666a885c6dea7e0a6158e461b70de37", "text": "Epics in Minutes Epics In Minutes is a compilation of singles by the band Fucked Up released March 16 , 2004 on Deranged Records . The band states in the liner notes that `` this is the closest that there will ever be to a Fucked Up retrospective . '' Some of the versions on this compilation are different from the ones that were originally released on the singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c8ed5ef7b734ab8a03ac59cadd8f952", "text": "Blossomy Blossomy is the eleventh studio album ( the 13th album overall ) by the Taiwanese Mandopop girl group S.H.E. . It was released on November 16 , 2012 by HIM International Music , two years and eight months after their last album , SHERO . It was their first album since member Selina Ren sustained serious burn injuries in an accident while shooting a drama . The title track , '' 花又開好了 '' ( Blossomy ) , was first broadcast on Hit FM on October 22 , 2012 . The full version was released on October 24 , 2012 . Its accompanying music video was broadcast on seven Taiwanese news channels . The album is the sixth best-selling album in Taiwan in 2012 . The tracks '' 花又開好了 '' ( Blossomy ) , '' 心還是熱的 '' ( Warm Heart ) and '' 像女孩的女人 '' ( The Innocent Women ) are listed at number 5 , 38 and 57 respectively on Hit FM 's Annual Top 100 Singles Chart for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67aa8dca383d22dd675af8bc91ea3fb1", "text": "This Perfect World This Perfect World is the third album by singer-songwriter Freedy Johnston . It was released in 1994 on Elektra Records . It is an album steeped in regret and loss . The narrator of `` Across the Avenue '' is unable to get past the memory of seeing his lover killed in a pedestrian accident . In `` Two Lovers Stop , '' a young couple commit suicide rather than let themselves be ripped away from each other . The title track concerns a dying old man returning to apologize to his estranged daughter for unspecified past misdeeds . Among the other songs , `` Evie 's Tears '' apparently refers to sexual abuse ( evidently by a priest ) , and `` Dolores '' is based on Nabokov 's Lolita . Despite the preponderance of dark subject matter , the album has a jaunty feel as Johnston demonstrates an ability to craft winning pop melodies . Reviews of the album were overflowing with praise , although those same reviewers also generally felt that it did n't quite measure up to his previous album , 1992 's Can You Fly . This Perfect World was produced by Butch Vig , who also played on the album 's minor hit , `` Bad Reputation . '' Other notable contributors include cellist Jane Scarpantoni , who performed on two tracks , and Marshall Crenshaw .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f6b208fd86b6cc4242ae317c9eb02f4", "text": "Naturi Naughton Naturi Cora Maria Naughton ( born May 20 , 1984 ) is an American actress and singer-songwriter . Naughton was one-third of the R&B trio 3LW and is known for her acting roles in Fame , Notorious , where she played Lil ' Kim , and The Playboy Club . Naughton was a series regular in season one of the Lifetime television drama series The Client List as Kendra . Naughton stars in the Starz drama Power as Tasha St. Patrick .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9e88ecda74f90f3fe2aa83587bb58884", "text": "May 16", "title": "" }, { "docid": "981db10b0c7daa4a27e57e35ef3abfcd", "text": "Same Girl (Na Yoon-sun album) Same Girl is the seventh studio album by a Korean jazz vocalist , Na Yoon-Sun , released on 17 August 2010 in Germany . The album contains eleven songs by Na Yoon-Sun . The styles of the album are Korean , North/East Asian Traditions . The album is her second release as a leader of ACT Music , after spending a decade with a French band . The materials from sources are as diverse as Randy Newman , Sergio Mendes , and Metallica . She kept the same ensemble as she worked on `` Voyage '' - guitarist Ulf Wakenius , bassist Lars Danielsson and percussionist Xavier Desandre Navarre . With her talents in treating each syllable in acrobatics and other vocal techniques recorded in `` Same Girl '' reinforces her reputation . Na shows her sense of humor in many of the tracks . In her song , `` Pancake '' , she talks about how much she likes to consume her favorite fast foods like ice cream , donuts and milkshake . Her interpretation of Randy Newman 's `` Same Girl '' is a solo performance that carries a genuine emotion . Na arranges a Korean traditional folk song in this album , and create a mass version of Kangwondo Arirang . Then she does again in her next album , Lento , with a title , Arirang , which she performs in a closing ceremony Sochi Winter Olympic in 2014 . Na sings in her `` Song of No Regrets '' with Lars Danielsson 's cello . The song `` Moondog '' by Terry Cox contains Na 's kazoo solo , Ulf Wakenius 's guitar and Xavier Desandre Navarre 's drum . She also shows her scat style in her song , `` Breakfast in Bagdhad '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6350695b2a7f569965fb1a6fba0d468", "text": "Choi Na-yeon Na Yeon Choi ( 최나연 -LSB- tɕʰwe najʌn -RSB- born 28 October 1987 ) is a South Korean female professional golfer playing on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour . In July 2012 , she won the U.S. Women 's Open for her first major championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0a231a650f67e1b35f2da4a878b5197", "text": "Na Hanyate Naw Hanyate , or It Does Not Die , is a novel written in 1974 by Maitreyi Devi , an Indian poet and novelist who was the protegée of the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore . She wrote the novel in response to Romanian philosopher Mircea Eliade 's book La Nuit Bengali ( titled Bengal Nights in English ) , which related a fictionalized account of their romance during Eliade 's visit to India . Although La Nuit Bengali was published in 1933 , it was several years before Devi discovered it . Though the two books relate a common event , they differ in many aspects of their plots and perspectives . Taken together , the New York Times describes the two novels as `` an unusually touching story of young love unable to prevail against an opposition whose strength was tragically buttressed by the uncertainties of a cultural divide . '' In 1994 , the University of Chicago Press published the two works in English as companion volumes . The 1999 Bollywood film Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam , directed by Sanjay Leela Bansali , takes its inspiration from Devi 's novel , although the film does not give credit to it . The film was a huge hit because of its melodramatic picturization . In 2010 , eminent Indian Bengali rock music maestro Rupam Islam released an album called Na Hanyate with tremendous experiments of the world music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f0d9502c89fb04f4ce1cb2af305ac6", "text": "Middle name In several cultures , people 's names usually include one or more names in addition to the portion that is usually considered adequate to identify them . In a number of cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname , such a name is likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname , and thus called a middle name . In English-speaking American culture , that term is often applied ( arguably mistakenly ) to names , occupying that position , even if the bearer would insist that that name is being mistakenly called a `` middle name '' , and is actually ( to mention several types of atypical cases ) : part of a two-word given name ( e.g. Mary Anne , about Mary Anne Clarke , and `` Joe Bob Briggs '' ) , a maiden name ( e.g. Rodham ) , a patronymic ( e.g. Sergeyevich ) , or a baptismal name ( e.g. `` Christopher '' invoking St. Christopher ) . In the USA such names are specifically referred to as middle names ; in most other countries , as far as they are given names and not , for example , patronymics , they would simply be regarded as second , third etc. given names . The US `` middle name '' is often abbreviated to the middle initial ( e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi , which is usually standard for signatures ) or omitted entirely in everyday use ( e.g. just Mary Bianchi ) . An individual may have more than one middle name , or none . In the United Kingdom , for comparison , she would usually be referred to as either Mary Bianchi , M. L. Bianchi or Mary Lee Bianchi , or she may choose Lee Bianchi , and informally there may be familiar shortenings . It is debatable how long multiple given names have existed in English-speaking countries , but it is certain that among royalty and aristocracy the practice existed by the late 17th century ( and possibly earlier ) , as exemplified in the name of the Stuart pretender James Francis Edward Stuart ( 1688 -- 1766 ) . Despite their relatively long existence in North America , the phrase `` middle name '' was not recorded until 1835 , in the periodical Harvardiana . The use of multiple middle names has been somewhat impeded recently by the increased use of computer databases that occasionally allow for only a single middle name or more commonly a middle initial in storing personal records , effectively preventing people with multiple middle names from being listed in such databases under their full name . This is worsened by longer compound names , like María del Pilar Pereyra or María de las Nieves García . The abbreviation `` N.M.N. '' ( no middle name ) or `` N.M.I. '' ( no middle initial ) , with or without periods , is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States , where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one . The middle name can also be a maiden name . Since 1905 , `` middle name '' has also developed a figurative usage meaning a notable or outstanding attribute of a person , as in the phrase `` discretion is my middle name . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "703b036e4478dec059bbf4d2dd7c6ec8", "text": "May Davis May Beatrice Davis ( née Scott , 30 March 1914 -- 13 January 1995 ) was an English-New Zealand potter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dc8cdcef9ebf30a1623860fa9decb73", "text": "Tom Nugent (cricketer) Thomas Michael Nugent ( born 11 July 1994 ) is an English cricketer . Nugent is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium . He was born in Bath , Somerset . Nugent made his debut for Hampshire in a List A fixture against Sri Lanka A at the Ageas Bowl in 2014 . The match though was abandoned after 18 overs due to rain . Nugent bowled 4 overs finishing with figures of 1/15 having Bhanuka Rajapaksa caught by Michael Porter for 6 . Nugent has also played for Berkshire and has played First-class cricket for Loughborough MCCU making his debut against Nottinghamshire in April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05d4d4e6b0b8fc8f37719e77e82b82a", "text": "Naught (album) Naught is the second full-length album by Stolen Babies . Named by Rani Sharone , bassist for Stolen Babies , Naught represents hopelessness : all for naught . This album is darker than the prior album , There Be Squabbles Ahead . Many of the songs on Naught hit close to home for many of the members of Stolen Babies , and is a representation of their experiences at that time . The album was released on September 18 , 2012 in digital download format and on October 16 , 2012 in CD format through No Comment Records . On September 17 , 2012 , the album was made available for streaming on Soundcloud and Shockya.com . Naught was voted # 1 in Revolver 's `` Album of the Week '' readers poll on October 22 , 2012 and # 7 in The Village Voice Blog 's `` Ten Best Metal Albums of 2012 '' by Linda Leseman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ba8847cd709fa0291a16879f8320a4d", "text": "Nat Cook Natalie Fleur `` Nat '' Cook is an Australian politician and anti-violence campaigner representing the electoral district of Fisher in the South Australian House of Assembly for the Australian Labor Party since the 2014 Fisher by-election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96a5c2b42f7afba6b7276e70d75d1eb", "text": "Seventia Seventia ( born 5 May 1989 in London ) is a pop singer and songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa9ee1e02ef8243166adf96f4c10f0d", "text": "Maryon Pearson Maryon Elspeth Pearson ( née Moody ; December 13 , 1901 -- December 26 , 1989 ) was the wife of Lester Bowles Pearson , the 14th Prime Minister of Canada . Maryon and Lester Pearson married on August 22 , 1925 . They met at the University of Toronto , where he was a teacher and she was a student . Maryon Pearson was also known for her sharp tongued wit . John English in his biography , Shadow of Heaven : The Life of Lester Pearson , devoted a full chapter to the subject of Mrs. Pearson 's prickly personality . Among her most famous quotations : `` Behind every successful man , there stands a surprised woman . '' -LSB- On the retired former prime minister 's greater time at home -RSB- : `` I married him for better or worse . I did n't marry him for lunch . '' -LSB- On being asked during an election campaign by a reporter , `` Is there anything you 'd like to bring up , Mrs. Pearson ? '' -RSB- `` Yes , three doughnuts and six cups of coffee . '' `` We lost everything . We even won our own constituency . '' `` The big problem is to find suitable hats . I do n't care for them all that much , but you have to wear them in politics . '' It was reportedly also at Maryon Pearson 's behest that the practice of curtseying to the Governor General and his consort was discontinued -- apparently because Pearson refused to act deferentially toward her longtime friend Norah Michener .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d26367cefdfb9ee520da092e072b94", "text": "Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people : flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists . Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts . The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea . The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was : clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51e5ad14cd8cc43a65b231d3d15d731f", "text": "Nat Christian Nat Christian is a writer , director and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e575426e9126110dfc03e434b6052a8a", "text": "Nat Muir Nathaniel `` Nat '' Muir ( born 12 March 1958 ) from Salsburgh North Lanarkshire is a Scottish retired long-distance runner . He competed at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships on ten occasions , four times as a junior from 1974 to 1977 and six times as a senior between 1978 and 1987 . Muir took up athletics in 1970 while at primary school in Chapelhall . He was encouraged by his fellow pupils to join the Shettleston Harriers running club , and his first race was the Lanarkshire Relays in 1970 , which saw him earn the fastest individual time in his age group . His career has seen some ups and downs and has been described as , `` One of Scotland 's best ever distance runners : possibly also one of the country 's unluckiest in that he never had the success at the very topmost level that his ability and dedication deserved '' . Muir ran in many competitions throughout his career from his humble beginnings in 1970 spanning over twenty years , with some notable successes such as his 5th win at the 1984 Irvine Beach Park with his last race concluding in 1992-93 season on the Glasgow-Edinburgh run where his team came in 7th with a recurring Achilles tendon injury . Nat himself knew that with the injury his time had come to retire , a decision not brought on by team performance but by his knowledge of his personal limitations to his own fitness and a previous race the Allan Scally Relay as a gauge for the upcoming Glasgow-Edinburgh run . He reflected that `` athletics is essentially an individual sport with a team element coming second to that . No one can gainsay that '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6edd1deae9e2646db38bde7a8aba2574", "text": "List of songs recorded by Niykee Heaton Niykee Heaton is an American singer-songwriter . She has written and recorded material since her childhood , having started sharing original songs occasionally on YouTube in 2011 , for which she accompanied herself on acoustic guitar , along with covers of contemporary hits , where they subsequently went viral in following years , helping to propel the singer to prominence . Heaton released her debut project , an extended play titled Bad Intentions , in September 2014 , after signing a record deal with Steve Rifkind and Russell Simmons 's Capitol-affiliate All Def Digital , in partnership with Awesomeness Music . The EP garnered positive online reception , with The Huffington Post writing that it `` offers a significant variety for a debut , all held together by her vocals , most ravishing in her lower register '' and Idolator adding that it `` confidently showcases the versatility and scope of Niykee 's songwriting . '' In 2015 , she called out her label in an extensive open letter to her fans , later clarifying that `` we are now in a place where we can create music that I want to create , and we are no longer tied to the people that were holding me back , '' also announcing plans to release her first album . In June , she launched a website , NBK ( Naturyl Born Killers ) , stating `` NBK is the movement , '' where new music was then premiered for free regularly over the following months through her SoundCloud account . On March 18 , 2016 , Heaton released The Bedroom Tour Playlist , through Capitol Records , a mixtape compiling remixed and remastered material she had shared online and debuted on live shows from her first headlining concert tour , The Bedroom Tour , in previous months .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b93595e90f6abad3e354d4863f6aa025", "text": "Mauritian literature The island of Mauritius is home to many languages , and Mauritian literature exists in French , English , Creole and Indian languages . Major themes in Mauritian literature include exoticism , multiracialism and miscegenation , racial and social conflicts , indianocéanisme , and -- more recently -- post-modernism and post-structuralism currents , such as coolitude . After independence in 1968 writers like Dev Virahsawmy reactivated creole language , then considered as a `` patois , '' and wrote literature , especially drama . The new generation of writers has expressed persistent concern with structure and more global themes . While Kreol Morisyen is the most spoken language on in Mauritius , most of the literature is written in French , although many authors write in English , Bhojpuri , and Morisyen . Mauritius 's renowned playwright Dev Virahsawmy writes exclusively in Morisyen . Important authors include Malcolm de Chazal , Ananda Devi , Raymond Chasle , and Edouard Maunick . Lindsey Collen has been able to carve out a meeting of imaginaries in the unique social setup of this multi-faceted country . Other younger writers like Shenaz Patel , Natacha Appanah , Sabah Carrim , Alain Gordon-Gentil and Carl de Souza explore the issues of ethnicity , superstition and politics in the novel . Poet and critic Khal Torabully has put forward the concept of `` coolitude , '' a poetics that results from the blend of Indian and Mauritian cultural diversity . Other poets include Hassam Wachill , Edouard Maunick , Sedley Assone , Yusuf Kadel and Umar Timol . J. M. G. Le Clézio , who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2008 , is of Mauritian heritage and holds dual French-Mauritian citizenship . The island plays host to the Le Prince Maurice Prize , a literary award celebrating and recognizing ` writers of the heart ' . The award is designed to highlight the literary love story in all its forms rather than for pure Romantic Fiction . In keeping with the island 's literary culture the prize alternates on a yearly basis between English-speaking and French-speaking writers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d81c724cb9bf9628cce016fe7bc5531a", "text": "No Colour Bar No Colour Bar : Black British Art in Action 1960 -- 1990 is a major public art and archives exhibition , the first of its kind in the UK , held at the Guildhall Art Gallery , City of London , over a six-month period ( 10 July 2015 -- 24 January 2016 ) , with a future digital touring exhibition , and an associated programme of events . No Colour Bar took its impetus from the life work and archives of Jessica Huntley ( 23 February 1927 -- 13 October 2013 ) and Eric Huntley ( born 25 September 1929 ) , Guyanese-born campaigners , political activists and publishers , who founded the publishing company Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications and the associated Walter Rodney Bookshop . Comprising contemporary fine art combined with archive materials , the multi-media exhibition features the work of seminal Black British artists and historically significant activists , and was described by Colin Prescod ( chair of the Institute of Race Relations ) as an `` exposition of startling and radical imaginative works , addressing grand British cultural and historical matters , and touching on themes of existential and social restlessness '' . Participants in the Caribbean Artists Movement , such as Winston Branch , Aubrey Williams , Ronald Moody and Errol Lloyd , are featured together with other prominent artists , including Eddie Chambers , Sonia Boyce , Sokari Douglas Camp , Denzil Forrester and Chila Kumari Burman , with works on display across all media : painting sculpture , painting , drawing , illustration , photography and film . In conjunction with the art and archives , panels and talks led by the exhibition curators , Makeda Coaston and Katty Pearce , and featuring individual artists , writers and publishers , including Eddie Chambers , Errol Lloyd , Denzil Forrester , Fowokan , Donald Hinds , Kadija George , Dorothea Smartt , Arif Ali , Sarah White , as well as Eric Huntley himself , were programmed . Within the exhibition is a purpose-built interactive installation by Michael McMillan , in conjunction with sound and visual specialists Dubmorphology , that recreates the famed Walter Rodney Bookshop , which was formerly located in West Ealing , functioning as a cultural hub of the community until it closed at the beginning of the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ab21e4cdc406feee0cfde55b04bf712", "text": "Pretty Baby.... `` Pretty Baby ... '' is an episode of the British television soap opera EastEnders , broadcast on BBC One on 31 January 2008 . It is the only EastEnders episode to feature just one character and the first of its kind in soap . It was written by Tony Jordan , directed by Clive Arnold and produced by Diederick Santer . The episode features Dot Branning , played by June Brown , recording a message for her husband Jim Branning ( John Bardon ) , who is in hospital recovering from a stroke , reflecting Bardon 's real-life stroke , which saw him written out of the show and allowed the opportunity for the single-hander to arise . Jordan 's scripting was inspired by Samuel Beckett 's Krapp 's Last Tape . The episode was watched by 8.86 million viewers and received mixed reviews from critics . Brown 's acting attracted praise , with both Nancy Banks-Smith of The Guardian and Mark Wright of The Stage doubting that any other actress would have been capable of carrying Dot 's monologue . Banks-Smith and The Times Tim Teeman questioned Dot 's characterisation , and Teeman ultimately found the episode `` much-loved character overkill '' , while Gerard O'Donovan of The Daily Telegraph called Brown 's performance `` mesmerising '' but said the episode was `` fuss over nothing '' . Brown received a British Academy Television Award nomination for Best Actress in 2009 for her performance in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d2f4ef40c9b1a22bfa21bcb9c31368e", "text": "Albert Naughton Albert `` Ally '' Naughton ( 1929 -- 27 September 2013 ) ( aged 84 ) ) born in Prescot district , was an English professional Rugby League World Cup winning footballer of the 1940s , 1950s and 1960s , playing at representative level for Great Britain , England , and Lancashire , and at club level for Widnes , and Warrington , as a , or , i.e. number 3 or 4 , or 13 , he retired to live in Onchan , Isle of Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cba2b1ffb86f315fcf8bcadc6b8169b2", "text": "Nightingale (surname) Nightingale is an English surname . Notable people with this surname include the following : Nightingale Baronets , a title in the Baronetage of England Albert Nightingale ( 1923 -- 2006 ) , English footballer Andrea Nightingale , American classical scholar Annie Nightingale ( born 1942 ) , British radio broadcaster Anthony Nightingale ( born 1947 ) , Hong Kong businessman Benedict Nightingale ( born 1939 ) , British journalist Danny Nightingale ( born 1954 ) , British modern pentathlete Danny Nightingale ( soldier ) ( born 1975 ) , British soldier David Nightingale , English footballer Earl Nightingale ( 1921 -- 1989 ) , American motivational speaker Florence Nightingale ( 1820 -- 1910 ) , British pioneer of modern nursing and statistician James Nightingale ( born 1986 ) , Papua New Guinean rugby league player James Nightingale ( footballer ) , English footballer James Nightingale ( cricketer ) ( 1840 -- 1917 ) , English cricketer Jared Nightingale ( born 1982 ) , American ice hockey defenceman Jason Nightingale ( born 1986 ) , New Zealand rugby player John Nightingale ( actor ) ( c. 1943 -- 1980 ) , British actor John Nightingale ( figure skater ) ( born 1928 ) , American figure skater John Nightingale ( MP ) for Leicester ( UK Parliament constituency ) Joseph Nightingale ( 1775 -- 1824 ) , English writer and preacher Lee Nightingale English musician ( born 1987 ) Luke Nightingale ( born 1980 ) , English footballer Lynn Nightingale ( born 1956 ) , Canadian figure skater Mark Nightingale ( born 1967 ) , British jazz trombonists Mary Nightingale ( born 1963 ) , English newsreader and television presenter Maxine Nightingale ( born 1952 ) , British soul music singer Michael Nightingale ( 1922 -- 1999 ) , English actor Neil Nightingale , British naturalist and television producer Tunde Nightingale ( Earnest Olatunde Thomas ) ( 1922 -- 1981 ) , Nigerian singer and guitarist Wally Nightingale ( 1956 -- 1996 ) , English guitarist of the Sex Pistols William Nightingale ( 1794 -- 1874 ) , English Unitarian , the father of Florence Nightingale Category : English-language surnames", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3834d3f503bfc2baa147528971021fa4", "text": "George W. Bush George Walker Bush ( born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 . He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 . After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975 , he worked in the oil industry . Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter . He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election . Bush was elected president in 2000 after a close and controversial win over Democratic rival Al Gore , becoming the fourth president to be elected while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent . From a prominent political family , he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , making him only the second president to assume the nation 's highest office after his father , following the lead of John Quincy Adams . His brother , Jeb Bush , a former Governor of Florida , was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election . His paternal grandfather , Prescott Bush , was a United States Senator from Connecticut . The September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bush 's first term as president . Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine : launching a `` War on Terror '' , an international military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001 and the Iraq War in 2003 . He also promoted policies on the economy , health care , education , Social Security reform , and amending the Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage . He signed into law broad tax cuts , the Patriot Act , the No Child Left Behind Act , the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act , Medicare prescription drug benefits for seniors , and funding for the AIDS relief program known as PEPFAR . His tenure included national debates on immigration , Social Security , electronic surveillance , and torture . In the 2004 Presidential race , Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another relatively close election . After his re-election , Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the political spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War , Hurricane Katrina , and other challenges . Amid this criticism , the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections . In December 2007 , the United States entered its longest post-World War II recession , often referred to as the `` Great Recession '' , prompting the Bush administration to obtain congressional passage of multiple economic programs intended to preserve the country 's financial system . Nationally , Bush was both one of the most popular and unpopular presidents in history , having received the highest recorded presidential approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks , as well as one of the lowest approval ratings during the 2008 financial crisis . Bush left office in 2009 , returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford . He wrote a memoir , Decision Points . His presidential library was opened in 2013 . His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians ' polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fd9bc1f07944e17a24138e533fee255", "text": "Barbara Bush Barbara Bush ( née Pierce ; born June 8 , 1925 ) is the wife of George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , and served as First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993 . She is the mother of George W. Bush , the 43rd President , and Jeb Bush , the 43rd Governor of Florida . She served as the Second Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989 . Barbara Pierce was born in Flushing , New York . She attended Milton Public School from 1931 to 1937 , and Rye Country Day School from 1937-1940 . She graduated from Ashley Hall School in Charleston , South Carolina . She met George Herbert Walker Bush at age 16 , and the two married in Rye , New York in 1945 , while he was on leave during his deployment as a Naval officer in World War II . While George was attending Yale University at age 22 , Barbara and George were living in New Haven , Connecticut and had their first son , George Walker Bush , on July 6 , 1946 . ( Thus , her first son , the eventual 43rd President of the United States , was the first Connecticut native to assume that office . George W. would eventually return to his hometown of New Haven in 1964 to attend Yale like his father did . ) They had six children together . The Bush family soon moved to Midland , Texas , where their second son , Jeb was born in , on February 11 , 1953 ; as George Bush entered political life , she raised their children . While First Lady of the United States , Barbara Bush worked to advance the cause of universal literacy , and founded the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a820090b530417f4ce48e5cd6a40ecaf", "text": "James Wood Bush James Wood Bush ( -- April 24 , 1906 ) was an American Union Navy sailor of British and Native Hawaiian descent . One of the `` Hawaiʻi Sons of the Civil War '' , he was among a group of more than one hundred documented Native Hawaiian and Hawaii-born combatants who fought in the American Civil War while the Kingdom of Hawaii was still an independent nation . Enlisting in the Union Navy in 1864 , he served as sailor aboard the USS Vandalia and the captured Confederate vessel USS Beauregard , maintaining the blockade of the ports of the Confederacy . He was discharged from service in 1865 after receiving an injury , which developed into a chronic condition in later life . Unable to immediately return home , the impoverished Bush took more than a decade to return to Hawaii , journeying through New England and much of the Pacific . Back in Hawaii , he worked as a government tax collector and road supervisor for the island of Kauai , where he settled down . In later life he converted to Mormonism and became an active member of the Hawaiian Mission . After the annexation of Hawaii to the United States , Bush was recognized for his service and granted a government pension in 1905 for the injuries he received in the Navy . He died at his home on Kauai , on April 24 , 1906 . For a period of time after the end of the war , the legacy and contributions of Bush and other documented Hawaiian participants in the American Civil War were largely forgotten except in the private circles of descendants and historians . However , there has been a revival of interest in recent years , especially through the work and efforts of his great grandniece Edna Bush Ellis and others in the Hawaiian community . In 2010 , the `` Hawaiʻi Sons of the Civil War '' were commemorated with a bronze plaque erected along the memorial pathway at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2916f186114c2fe273fcbcdce73d081a", "text": "James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy The James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy , also known as the Baker Institute , is an American think tank on the campus of Rice University in Houston , Texas . Founded in 1993 , it functions as a nonpartisan center for public policy research . According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ( Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program , University of Pennsylvania ) , the institute is No. 18 ( of 60 ) in the `` Top Think Tanks in the United States '' and No. 4 ( of 45 ) of the `` Best University Affiliated Thanks '' . Its Center for Energy Studies is ranked No. 2 ( of 55 ) among the world 's energy - and resource-policy think tanks , according to the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 's 2015 Index Report . It is named for James A. Baker , III , former United States secretary of state and secretary of the Treasury . The institute 's director Edward P. Djerejian is the former United States ambassador to Israel and Syria and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern Affairs . The institute 's board of advisors include William Barnett ( Chair ) , Colin Powell , Madeleine Albright and Rice University 's President David Leebron . The institute employs scholars and researchers from a variety of backgrounds . Its current research includes centers for different areas : The Center for the Middle East , The McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation , The Mexico Center , and The Center for Energy Studies . Other programs include China Studies , Drug Policy , Health Policy Forum , International Economics , Latin America Initiative , Politics and Elections , Religion and Public Policy , Space Policy , Science and Technology , and Tax and Expenditure Policy . The institute is a sponsoring organization for the Iraq Study Group . It is supported mainly by donor contributions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c81dd0435df9ecc8815efb1199c268", "text": "S. Eugene Poteat S. Eugene Poteat ( born 1930 ) is a retired senior Central Intelligence Agency executive . He was awarded the CIA 's Intelligence Medal of Merit and the National Reconnaissance Office Meritorious Civilian Award . He was President of AFIO - the Association of Former Intelligence Officers for fifteen years , retiring in 2014 , and appointed AFIO 's President-emeritus in 2015 . He previously served on the Board of Advisors of the International Spy Museum . He is currently Professor Emeritus at the Institute of World Politics in Washington , D.C. , teaching a course on `` Technology , Intelligence , Security , and Statecraft '' . He graduated from The Citadel ( military college ) with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1957 , and holds a master 's degree in Statecraft and National Security Affairs with a specialization in Intelligence Studies from the Institute of World Politics in Washington , D.C. , and was awarded a LL.D . in 2010 for his service to intelligence education and to the profession . He has also taken postdoc courses in foreign policy , national security , and intelligence at Cambridge University . After college he worked for Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey and Cape Canaveral . He joined the CIA in 1960 , and worked there for 30 years , also serving abroad in London and Scandinavia . He was a participant in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident . In the Fall of 1999 , he wrote that he was asked in early August 1964 to determine if the radar operator 's report showed a real torpedo boat attack or an imagined one . He asked for further details on time , weather and surface conditions . No further details were forthcoming . In the end he concluded that there were no torpedo boats on the night in question , and that the White House was interested only in confirmation of an attack , not that there was no such attack . He was a program manager for the sensors on the Lockheed U-2 and the Lockheed A-12 OXCART . He has written about intelligence problems in the AFIO newsletter , its Intelligencer Journal and for `` The Guide to the Study of Intelligence '' . He was written about in Wired Magazine , and in a book about CIA science and technology . He received an honorary doctorate from the Institute of World Politics in Washington , DC in 2010 . He is a 32nd degree Freemason , a member of the Dorchester Lodge No. 369 of North Charleston , South Carolina , and a member of the Scottish Rite Bodies of Charleston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e91912c11b81587daf68caf29073b7b", "text": "El Mashad v. Bush El Mashad v. Bush ( Civil Action No. 2005-0270 ) is a writ of habeas corpus filed on behalf of several Guantanamo detainees , including Sherif el-Mashad , Adel Fattouh Aly Ahmed Algazzar and Alladeen . Prior to 1997 , Egyptian Sharif Fathi el-Mashad was living in Italy . In 1997 , el-Mashad moved to Afghanistan to trade in clothing , but subsequently became involved in the ongoing Afghanistan civil war by joining `` Islamic charities operating in Afghanistan . '' In late December 2001 , U.S. forces arrested 27-year-old el-Mashad as he was seeking to leave Afghanistan for neighboring Pakistan . El-Mashad 's family then received a letter from the International Committee of the Red Cross informing them that el-Mashad was being held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp . In December 2003 , Ambassador to Egypt David Welch indicated that the Guantanamo Bay detention camp was holding no more than five Egyptians . In June 2004 , the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of hundreds of prisoners detained without charges to challenge their detentions in U.S. courts . Subsequently , detainees Sharif el-Mashad , Ayman Matrafi , Fadel Reda el-Wakili , Adel Fathi Ali , el-Gazzar and Ahmed Habib at the U.S. Naval base in Guantanamo , Cuba were categorized among the `` least dangerous '' detainees at the prison . Each had Egyptian nationality , with Ahmed Habib additionally having Australian nationality . In August 2004 , the Egyptian human rights group Human Rights Association for Assistance to Prisoners ( HRAAP ) requested that Ambassador Welch provide `` the truth on the fate of Sharif Fathi el-Mashad and the precise reasons for his continued detention '' and to allow HRAAP 's lawyers to visit the detainee . In November of that same year , Egypt asked the United States to return these five Egyptian detainees to Egypt . In June 2006 , the United States Department of Defense reported that three captives died in custody . The Department of Defense stated the three men committed suicide . At that time , lawyer-client communications between detainees and their counsel were governed by a protective order that sought to balance attorney access to their detainee clients with an eye to protecting national security interests . Camp authorities called the deaths `` an act of asymmetric warfare '' , and suspected plans had been coordinated by the captive 's attorneys -- so they seized all the captives ' documents , including the captives ' copies of their habeas documents . The Department of Justice reported the seizure of the habeas documents . The Military Commissions Act of 2006 mandated that Guantanamo captives were no longer entitled to access the US civil justice system , so all outstanding habeas corpus petitions were stayed . In July 2008 , the United States Supreme Court ruled , in Boumediene v. Bush , that the Military Commissions Act could not remove the right for Guantanamo captives to access the US Federal Court system . And all previous Guantanamo captives ' habeas petitions were eligible to be re-instated . The judges considering the captives ' habeas petitions would be considering whether the evidence used to compile the allegations the men and boys were enemy combatants justified a classification of `` enemy combatant '' . On 9 September 2008 , Zachary Katznelson filed a `` Notice of Joinder in Petitioners ' Response to Respondents ' Request for Relief from Scheduling Order '' with regard to Mohammed Abdulmalik in Civil Action No. 05-cv-764 , 05-cv-1504 , 05-cv-2349 , 05-cv-748 , 04-cv-2215 , 05-1457 , 05-cv-270 , 08-cv-1440 , 05-cv-2386 ( CKK , RMC , GK , JR , RBW ) . Katznelson wrote : On 12 September 2008 , Zachary Katznelson filed a `` Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Access to Classified National Security Information '' in Civil Action No. 05-cv-764 , 05-cv-1504 , 05-cv-2349 , 05-cv-748 , 04-cv-2215 , 05-1457 , 05-cv-270 , 08-cv-1440 , 05-cv-2386 ( CKK , RMC , GK , JR , RBW ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79f0068a14518e18c13f48406ab3f252", "text": "Philadelphia Society The Philadelphia Society is a membership organization the purpose of which is `` to sponsor the interchange of ideas through discussion and writing , in the interest of deepening the intellectual foundation of a free and ordered society , and of broadening the understanding of its basic principles and traditions '' . The membership of the Society tends to be composed of persons holding conservative or libertarian political views , and many of those associated with the Society have exercised considerable influence over the development of the conservative movement in the United States . It was founded in 1964 by Donald Lipsett in conjunction with Bill Buckley , Milton Friedman , Frank Meyer , and Ed Feulner , and the former Presidents of the Society include Henry Regnery , Edwin J. Feulner , Russell Kirk , Mel Bradford , Forrest McDonald , T. Kenneth Cribb , M. Stanton Evans , Ellis Sandoz , Edwin Meese , Claes G. Ryn , Midge Decter , Roger Ream , Steven F. Hayward , Lee Edwards , William F. Buckley , and George H. Nash . Notable speakers at past meetings of the Society have included Larry Arnhart , Andrew Bacevich , Wendell Berry , Robert Bork , Mel Bradford , Warren T. Brookes , William F. Buckley , Vladimir Bukovsky , Ronald Coase , T. Kenneth Cribb , Midge Decter , M. Stanton Evans , Edwin J. Feulner , Milton Friedman , George Gilder , Victor Davis Hanson , William Hague , S. I. Hayakawa , Friedrich von Hayek , Henry Hazlitt , W.H. Hutt , Herman Kahn , Russell Kirk , Irving Kristol , Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn , Forrest McDonald , Edwin Meese , Frank Meyer , Charles Murray , Robert Nisbet , Michael Novak , Richard Pipes , Norman Podhoretz , Henry Regnery , William A. Rusher , Paul Ryan , Ellis Sandoz , Shelby Steele , George J. Stigler , Terry Teachout , Edward H. Teller , and Eric Voegelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed3336c42e35539e8f1286f2487b2696", "text": "Elliott School of International Affairs The Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington University ( GWU ) is a professional school of international relations founded in 1898 as the School of Comparative Jurisprudence and Diplomacy . It is located in the heart of Washington , D.C. , the capital city of the United States , at the university 's Foggy Bottom campus . As a leading professional school of international affairs , the Elliott School offers undergraduate and graduate degrees with majors covering a range of global issues and world regions . It is a full member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs , a grouping of the world 's foremost academic institutions in the field of international relations . The school is located opposite to the U.S. State Department 's headquarters , the Harry S Truman Building . Additionally , it is blocks from the International Monetary Fund ( which is on GWU 's campus ) , the World Bank , and the White House . More than 2,100 undergraduates and 750 graduate students attend the Elliott School , making it the largest school of international affairs in the United States . Ambassador Reuben E. Brigety II , former U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs and ambassador to the African Union , serves as the Dean of the Elliott School , formally assuming the position in October 2015 . His predecessor , Michael E. Brown had served as the Dean since June 2005 . Brown , who founded and directed the Center for Peace and Security Studies at Georgetown University , has a background in international security , conflict and conflict resolution , and U.S. foreign and defense policy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b31a83ac68fa4edf8825c8708cfe3293", "text": "George Despot George Joseph Despot ( January 28 , 1927 -- February 14 , 1991 ) was a businessman in his native Shreveport and a pioneer in the establishment of a competitive Republican Party in the U.S. state of Louisiana . He was the state Republican chairman from 1978 to 1985 . His leadership began when the state party was so small that there was a standing joke that the Louisiana GOP could operate from a phone booth , few of which still exist , though the Republicans became the majority party in Louisiana by 2012 . Despot was born to George G. Despot ( 1898-1969 ) and Katherine `` Katie '' Despot ( 1901-1977 ) . The Despots were Roman Catholics and Croatian ; they came to the United States under an `` Old World '' arranged marriage . There were trials in the home , with more than one separation . George Despot 's younger daughter , Rebecca A. Despot ( born 1961 ) , reflected on her paternal grandparents : `` My grandfather and his brother had a restaurant in Shreveport called `` the Columbia , '' -LSB- which was -RSB- open twenty-four hours a day . ... It became the businessman 's hangout in town . When -LSB- one sees -RSB- old pictures of Shreveport , there are always pictures of the Columbia . They sent Daddy to school when he was three because they did not know -LSB- that -RSB- they were not supposed to send him so early . '' For a time , young George Despot attended a Catholic high school in New Orleans . Despot graduated from the University of Notre Dame in South Bend , Indiana , and Louisiana State University Law Center in Baton Rouge . Despot earned his living in the oil and natural gas business as the owner of Despot Explorations , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d26e32614e780773060ccba4704a3da7", "text": "Bureau of Public Affairs The Bureau of Public Affairs ( PA ) is the part of the United States Department of State that carries out the Secretary of State 's mandate to help Americans understand the importance of foreign policy . The Bureau is led by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs . The PA Bureau pursues the State Department 's mission to inform the American people and to feed their concerns and comments back to the policymakers . It accomplishes this in a variety of ways , which include : Strategic and tactical planning to advance the Administration 's priority foreign policy goals ; Conducting press briefings for domestic and foreign press corps ; Pursuing media outreach , enabling Americans everywhere to hear directly from key Department officials through local , regional and national media interviews ; Managing the State Department 's websites and developing web pages with up-to-date information about U.S. foreign policy ; Answering questions from the public about current foreign policy issues by phone , email , or letter ; Arranging town meetings and scheduling speakers to visit communities to discuss U.S. foreign policy and why it is important to all Americans ; Producing and coordinating audio-visual products and services in the U.S. and abroad for the public , the press , the Secretary of State , and Department bureaus and offices ; Preparing historical studies on U.S. diplomacy and foreign affairs matters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565facc09f8d359b2099066de67ec27d", "text": "India (cat) __ NOTOC __ India `` Willie '' Bush ( July 13 , 1990 -- January 4 , 2009 ) was a black cat owned by former U.S. President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush . She lived with the Bush family for almost two decades . The Bushes acquired India , an all-black , female American Shorthair , as a kitten in late 1991 or 1992 when their twin daughters Barbara and Jenna Bush were nine years old . India remained with George and Laura Bush once their daughters left for college . The cat moved with the Bushes to the White House from the Texas Governor 's Mansion in Austin in early 2001 following Bush 's inauguration as President . Despite living at the White House with the First Family , India had been largely overshadowed in the media by two of the Bushes ' more famous Scottish terriers , Barney and Miss Beazley . However , she 's seen in the `` Barneycam '' videos produced by the White House staff around Christmas time , her first being Where in the White House is Miss Beazley ? , where she was referred to as `` Willie '' . The dogs received significantly more media attention from the White House press corps during the Bush presidency . The Bush family cat made an appearance in the March 2008 Architectural Digest , as `` Willie '' , in the East Sitting Hall of the White House . India died at the White House on January 4 , 2009 , at the age of 18 . In a statement to the press regarding India 's death , a spokesperson for First Lady noted that the family was deeply saddened by their cat 's death , and went on to say India was a beloved member of the Bush family for almost two decades . She will be greatly missed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60b527582f1d8c684352789b2065e9a3", "text": "School of Foreign Service The Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service ( commonly abbreviated as SFS ) is a school of international affairs within Georgetown University in Washington , D.C. . Recognized as one of the world 's leading international relations schools , SFS is sometimes referred to as the `` West Point of the U.S. diplomatic corps '' due to the large number of SFS graduates who end up being diplomats . Founded in 1919 , SFS predates the U.S. Foreign Service by six years . Despite its reputation for producing top diplomats , SFS is not exclusively a diplomatic academy and its graduates go on to have careers in a diverse set of private and government sectors . The school 's most notable alumni include U.S. President Bill Clinton , CIA Director George Tenet , King Felipe VI of Spain , and U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig , among others . The School of Foreign Service was established in 1919 by a Jesuit priest Edmund A. Walsh . The main purpose of the school 's founding was to prepare Americans for various international professions in the wake of expanding U.S. involvement in world affairs after World War I. Today , SFS hosts a student body of approximately 2,100 from 80 nations each year . It offers an undergraduate program based in the liberal arts , which leads to the Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service degree , as well as eight interdisciplinary graduate programs . Its faculty include many distinguished figures in international affairs , such as former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright , former President of Poland Aleksander Kwaśniewski , and former Prime Minister of Spain José María Aznar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "071ff1f416d24855d997cbaa016c6775", "text": "Edward Nixon Edward Calvert Nixon ( born May 3 , 1930 ) is an American entrepreneur and the youngest and last surviving brother of former United States President Richard Nixon . He coauthored his memoir , The Nixons : A Family Portrait , with Karen L. Olson . The book was published in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb6f7fe106f6ee932b9a74e38d7889e3", "text": "Doe v. Bush Doe v. Bush , 323 F. 3d 133 ( 1st Cir . 2003 ) , was a court case challenging the constitutionality of the 2003 invasion of Iraq . The case was dismissed , since the plaintiffs failed `` to raise a sufficiently clear constitutional issue . '' The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 was challenged by `` a coalition of U.S. soldiers , parents of U.S. soldiers , and members of Congress '' prior to the invasion to stop it from happening . They claimed that an invasion of Iraq would be illegal . Judge Lynch wrote of their argument , `` They base this argument on two theories . They argue that Congress and the President are in collision -- that the President is about to act in violation of the October Resolution . They also argue that Congress and the President are in collusion -- that Congress has handed over to the President its exclusive power to declare war . '' The case was dismissed on February 24 , 2003 by Judge Joseph Tauro of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts . The petitioners appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit . On March 13 , a three-judge panel affirmed the decision to dismiss the complaint . The opinion was written by Judge Sandra Lea Lynch : An extreme case might arise , for example , if Congress gave absolute discretion to the President to start a war at his or her will ... Plaintiffs ' objection to the October Resolution does not , of course , involve any such claim . Nor does it involve a situation where the President acts without any apparent congressional authorization , or against congressional opposition ... To the contrary , Congress has been deeply involved in significant debate , activity , and authorization connected to our relations with Iraq for over a decade , under three different presidents of both major political parties , and during periods when each party has controlled Congress . Lynch also cited Massachusetts v. Laird 451 F. 2d 26 ( 1st Cir . 1971 ) , which similarly found that the Vietnam War was constitutional . Lynch concluded that the Judiciary could not intervene , because there was not a fully developed conflict between the President and Congress at that time . On March 17 , the plaintiffs filed for a rehearing . Their petition was denied the next day . Iraq was invaded on March 20 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1e449e91b7671d3c0afdd9ce59764c5", "text": "Robert Mosbacher, Jr. Robert Adam Mosbacher , Jr. ( born May 29 , 1951 ) is an American businessman , founder of BizCorps , and the former head of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation ( OPIC ) , a U.S. government agency established to promote economic development by working with the private sector . Nominated by U.S. President George W. Bush , Mosbacher was sworn in as the ninth president and chief executive officer of OPIC in October 2005 . His father , Robert Mosbacher , Sr. , was the 28th Secretary of Commerce . His uncle was Emil Mosbacher , a two-time America 's Cup Winner and former Chief of Protocol for President Richard Nixon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da107177ac40b9439ca690bbc61fb932", "text": "Otto Reich Otto Juan Reich ( born October 16 , 1945 ) , is an American former senior official in the administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan , George H. W. Bush , and George W. Bush . Among other positions held , he has been the President 's Special Envoy for the Western Hemisphere ; Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs ; United States Ambassador to Venezuela ; and Assistant Administrator of the US Agency for International Development , a recess appointment . In 2003 , Bush appointed him US Special Envoy to the Western Hemisphere . Since leaving the White House in 2004 , he has headed his own international consulting firm , Otto Reich Associates , LLC , based in Washington , D.C. . During the Nicaraguan Revolution , Reich was in charge of the U.S. Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America and the Caribbean , which was involved in lobbying efforts for the contras . In July 2012 , Reich received the Walter Judd Freedom Award , which is awarded yearly by the Fund for American Studies to recognize `` individuals who have advanced the cause of freedom in the United States and abroad , are devoted to the preservation and expansion of freedom , influential in world and national affairs , and are outspoken voices against tyranny and oppression , while embodying the characteristics of self-sacrifice and patriotism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c25bdf07233bd9033fce25930a442466", "text": "National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive The National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive ( National Security Presidential Directive NSPD 51/Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-20 , sometimes called simply `` Executive Directive 51 '' for short ) , created and signed by President of the United States George W. Bush on May 4 , 2007 , is a Presidential Directive which claims power to execute procedures for continuity of the federal government in the event of a `` catastrophic emergency '' . Such an emergency is construed as `` any incident , regardless of location , that results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties , damage , or disruption severely affecting the U.S. population , infrastructure , environment , economy , or government functions . '' The unclassified portion of the directive was posted on the White House website on May 9 , 2007 , without any further announcement or press briefings , although Special Assistant to George W. Bush Gordon Johndroe answered several questions on the matter when asked about it by members of the press in early June 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7b7477805ae534bcb0f94db2bfb277f", "text": "Houston Club The Houston Club is a private social club located in Houston , Texas . As of January 2013 the club is housed on 910 Louisiana Street in the Shell building in Downtown Houston . The club members are a part of Houston 's business , civic , cultural , and financial communities . Members include business leaders , cultural leaders , consuls general , doctors , entrepreneurs , governors , mayors , and presidents . Notable members include former President of the United States George H. W. Bush and James Baker . Maggie Galehouse of the Houston Chronicle said , `` In its heyday - the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s - the Houston Club was the power broker club in the city . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60f6e66a9147a315313e41b077285689", "text": "Dan Quayle James Danforth `` Dan '' Quayle ( born February 4 , 1947 ) is an American politician and lawyer . He was the 44th Vice President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush . He was also a U.S. Representative ( 1977 -- 81 ) and U.S. Senator ( 1981 -- 89 ) from the state of Indiana . A native of Indianapolis , Indiana , Quayle spent most of his childhood living in Paradise Valley , Arizona , a suburb of Phoenix . He married Marilyn Tucker in 1972 and obtained his J.D. from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1974 . He practiced law in Huntington , Indiana , with his wife before his election to the United States House of Representatives in 1976 , aged 29 . In 1980 Quayle won election to the Senate . In 1988 , Vice President George H. W. Bush , the Republican Party nominee for the presidency , chose Quayle as his vice presidential running mate . The Bush/Quayle ticket won the 1988 election over Democrats Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen . As vice president , Quayle made official visits to 47 countries and was appointed chairman of the National Space Council . He secured re-nomination for vice-president in 1992 , but Democrat Bill Clinton and his vice presidential running mate , Al Gore , defeated the Bush/Quayle ticket . In 1994 , Quayle published his memoir entitled Standing Firm but declined to run for public office in this time period because he was suffering from phlebitis . He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2000 , but withdrew and supported George W. Bush . In 2016 , he endorsed Jeb Bush and after that he supported Donald Trump for president . Quayle and his wife reside in Paradise Valley , Arizona . Quayle is the chairman of global investments at Cerberus Capital Management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe5786c5f72a2ab0ac44cea50e0ac272", "text": "James Baker James Addison `` Jim '' Baker III ( born April 28 , 1930 ) is an American attorney and statesman . He served as White House Chief of Staff and United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Ronald Reagan , and as U.S. Secretary of State and White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush . As Secretary of State , he helped oversee U.S. foreign policy during the end of the Cold War and dissolution of the Soviet Union , as well as during the Gulf War . He is the namesake of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c4e4f114eae5e44c9033778c75557d2", "text": "Private bank Private banks are the banks owned by either the individual or a general partner ( s ) with limited partner ( s ) . Private banks are not incorporated . In any such case , the creditors can look to both the `` entirety of the bank 's assets '' as well as the entirety of the sole-proprietor 's / general-partners ' assets . These banks have a long tradition in Switzerland , dating back to at least the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes ( 1685 ) . Private banks also have a long tradition in the UK where C. Hoare & Co. has been in business since 1672 . There were many private banks in Europe , but most have now become incorporated companies , so the term is rarely true any more . Today , the term `` private bank '' can also refer to the financial institution specializing in financial advice and services for high-net-worth individuals ( private banking ) . `` Private banks '' can also refer to non-government owned banks in general , in contrast to government-owned ( or nationalized ) banks , which were prevalent in communist , socialist and some social democratic states in the 20th century .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "90647e9dcee64b6aae8af25f64e81b71", "text": "Sweden Sweden ( Konungariket Sverige ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund . At 450295 km2 , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area , with a total population of 10.0 million . Sweden consequently has a low population density of 22 PD/km2 , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country . Approximately 85 % of the population lives in urban areas . Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times , emerging into history as the Geats/G ötar and Swedes/Svear and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence , that in spite of this still retains warm continental summers . Today , Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , with a monarch as head of state . The capital city is Stockholm , which is also the most populous city in the country . Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag . Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister . Sweden is a unitary state , currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities . Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages . In the 17th century , it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire , which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century . Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries , ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809 . The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814 , when Norway was militarily forced into personal union . Since then , Sweden has been at peace , maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs . The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905 , leading to Sweden 's current borders . Though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars , Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts , such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe . After the end of the Cold War , Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 , but declined NATO membership , as well as Eurozone membership following a referendum . It is also a member of the United Nations , the Nordic Council , Council of Europe , the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) . Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens . It has the world 's eighth-highest per capita income and ranks highly in numerous metrics of national performance , including quality of life , health , education , protection of civil liberties , economic competitiveness , equality , prosperity and human development .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4c0f6d2522e516e74297a7ab2c0490b1", "text": "Stockholm City Theatre Stockholm City Theatre ( Stockholms stadsteater ) is Sweden 's most popular theatre stage . It was created in 1956 but the first performance was delayed until 1960 . It had not yet been decided at that point where in the city the theatre would lie so the Folkets hus building at Norra Bantorget , with a temporary stage , became the first solution . However , this `` temporary solution '' lasted for nearly thirty years until the autumn of 1990 , when all activity finally moved to the present location at Sergels torg . Stockholm City Theatre is situated in the heart of Stockholm , in the building commonly known as Kulturhuset , the large lighted glass building at Sergels torg ( Sergel 's Square ) , near the Sergel fountain and the Stockholm City roundabout . Kulturhuset is one of Stockholm 's most popular public buildings and , besides the theatre , also includes small cafés , book shops , a bar and a restaurant , a library , various exhibitions , public debates , lectures , book signings , a small medieval museum , and workshops . The theatre is Sweden 's most popular stage and the theatre with the highest bookings , as well as the constant `` competitor '' in Stockholm to the Royal Dramatic Theatre . Stockholm City Theatre produces 30-40 productions each year on nine stages . In 2005 there were 450,000 visitors , a relatively high rate considering a population of 9 million . Popular Swedish actors of the Stockholm City Theatre ensemble include Helena Bergström , Göran Ragnerstam , Ingvar Hirdwall , Sven Wollter , Ann Petrén , Anna-Maria Hallgarn and Jakob Eklund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df41ea73b10cc1c991dba4240201cbcc", "text": "List of Christian democratic parties __ NOTOC __ Christian democratic parties are those political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy . The underlying Christian democracy movement emerged in 19th-century Europe , largely under the influence of Catholic social teaching , and it continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America , though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been diluted by secularisation . In practice , Christian democracy often advocates centre-right positions on cultural , social , and moral issues and social market economic policies . In Europe , where their opponents have traditionally been secularist socialists , Christian democratic parties are moderately conservative overall , whereas in the very different cultural and political environment of Latin America they tend to lean to the left . It is the dominant centre-right political movement in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fa61a7ab74c38f88109fc7682454180", "text": "Swedish general election, 1917 General elections were held in Sweden between 1 and 16 September 1917 . The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party , winning 86 of the 230 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag . As a result the Rightist Prime Minister Carl Swartz resigned the premiership and was replaced by Liberal leader Nils Edén .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c7182e905effe26d515d29a89610b1d", "text": "Geography of Sweden Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula . It borders Norway to the west ; Finland to the northeast ; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the east and south . Sweden has a long coastline on the eastern side and the Scandinavian mountain chain ( Skanderna ) on the western border , a range that separates Sweden from Norway . It has maritime borders with Denmark , Germany , Poland , Russia , Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia , and it is also linked to Denmark ( southwest ) by the Öresund Bridge . At 450295 km2 , Sweden is the 56th largest country in the world . It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0db8fd59061262838fa55e24cc470d97", "text": "Social Democratic Party (Bolivia) The Social Democratic Party ( Spanish : Partido Social Demócrata , PSD ) was a conservative , small and elitist , but influential Bolivian political party formed by middle-class intellectuals . The Social Democratic Party was founded in 1944 by younger , conservative Bolivians committed to modernization and the technological and technocratic strategies they believed necessary to achieve it . Led by Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas ( Hernán Siles Zuazo 's half-brother ) , Roberto Arce , Manfredo Kempf Mercado , Gastón Arduz Eguia , Alberto Crespo Gutiérrez , Tomás Guillermo Elio , and Mario Estenssoro , the party embraced developmentalist , nominally Christian-Democratic principles . For the 1947 general elections the Party allied with the Liberal Party and Revolutionary Left Party and backed Liberal Luis Femando Guachalla as the coalition 's presidential candidate . For the 1951 general elections the PSD allied with the Republican Socialist Unity Party and backed PURS ' presidential candidate Gabriel Gosalvez . During the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement regime ( 1952 -- 1964 ) , the Social Democratic Party was a minor force , allied electorally with the Bolivian Socialist Falange . It was generally regarded as an ideological relic of the prerevolutionary period , surviving only because its leaders were relatively young . After Víctor Paz Estenssoro 's overthrow in 1964 , the Social Democratic Party obtained a new lease on life and cooperated with the military regime of General René Barrientos Ortuño . Their influence no doubt was stimulated by the growing prominence of `` technocrats '' in the military dictatorships of Brazil and Argentina . For the 1966 general elections PSD allied with the Revolutionary Left Party , Authentic Revolutionary Party and Popular Christian Movement and backed Barrientos as the coalition 's presidential candidate . The PSD 's leader , Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas was chosen as vice-presidential candidate . The PSD withdrew support Barrientos in 1968 , but returned to a pro-government stance , when René Barrientos Ortuño died in a helicopter crash on 27 April 1969 and Siles Salinas became president , serving with conspicuous dedication and honesty for five months until overthrown by General Alfredo Ovando Candía . In succeeding years , the Social Democratic Party became inactive after that , although Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas continued to pursue his presidential ambitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae8c5a6f64f90f0d5247d5682919e990", "text": "Swedish Church Law 1686 The Swedish Church Law 1686 ( Swedish : `` Kyrkio-Lag och Ordning '' ) was a Swedish law which ( with some alterations ) regulated the relationship between the state and the church in Sweden from 1686 until the Swedish Church Law 1992 , as well as in Finland ( earlier a Swedish province ) until 1870 . It replaced the previous Swedish Church Ordinance 1571 . During the reign of Charles X Gustav of Sweden , two suggestions were put forward to replace the Swedish Church Ordinance 1571 : one by Olaus Laurelius , and one by Erik Emporagrius . In 1663 , an investigation to change the law was formally issued , and in 1682 , the two suggestions were merged . A commission was issued to process it , and in 1686 , the new law was accepted . The Swedish Church Law 1686 abolished Canon law . The state , represented by the monarch , by then the king of an absolute monarchy , was the head of the Church and thus had final say in matters of the Church , but there was to be no political administration or political bureaucracy between the monarch and the bishops of the Church . Among the notable reforms introduced was husförhör and Parish register . Henceforth , the parish vicar of every parish of the nation was obliged to conduct a husförhör ( Household Interview ) , an annual survey of the religious knowledge of every household in the parish to ensure all parishioners ' knowledge of the bible and Luther 's Small Catechism . A consequence of this was the need for every parishioner , regardless of age and sex , to know how to read , as it would be necessary to read the bible and the catechism to pass the annual survey.Since the predecessor law from 1571 , children 's schools for reading , writing and counting had already been an obligation in the cities , but this law resulted in the need for every village and rural community to organise basic schooling for their children , normally by paying a läromäster ( schoolmaster ) or läromoster ( schoolmarm ) to hold lessons in the local vicarage , and from this point forward , illiteracy was close to eradicated in Sweden . This law was in force until 1888 . Furthermore , all parish vicars were also forced by law to keep a parish register and note every birth , baptismal and death in the parish . The 1686 Swedish Church Law was amended several times during the 18th century and 19th century , but it lay the foundation of the organisation of the Swedish Church until the new law of 1992 . In the Grand Duchy of Finland , earlier a Swedish province , the law applied until the reformed church law of 1867 ( in effect in 1870 ) . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd13a915ac76ff73e37e7d525c06d08", "text": "Minister for Justice (Sweden) The Minister for Justice ( justitieminister ) is the justice minister of Sweden and head of the Ministry of Justice . The current Minister for Justice is Morgan Johansson of the Social Democratic Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7adda1a046dae24c06a443b50a3f379f", "text": "State socialism State socialism is a classification for any socialist political and economic perspective advocating state ownership of the means of production either as a temporary measure in the transition from capitalism to socialism , or as characteristic of socialism itself . It is often used interchangeably with state capitalism in reference to the economic systems of Marxist -- Leninist states such as the Soviet Union to highlight the role of state planning in these economies , with the critics of said system referring to it more commonly as `` state capitalism '' . Libertarian and democratic socialists claim that these states had only a limited number of socialist characteristics . However , Marxists-Leninists maintain that workers in the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist states had genuine control over the means of production through institutions such as trade unions . State socialism is held in contrast with libertarian socialism , which rejects the view that socialism can be constructed by using existing state institutions or by governmental policies . By contrast , proponents of state socialism claim that the state , through practical considerations of governing , must play at least a temporary part in building socialism . It is possible to conceive of a democratic state that owns the means of production but is internally organized in a participatory , cooperative fashion , thereby achieving both social ownership of productive property and workplace democracy in day-to-day operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b943213e122d5ccf809b87e5753a2fc9", "text": "The Estates The Estates or the States ( États , Landstände , Staten ) was the assembly of the representatives of the estates of the realm , the divisions of society in feudal times , called together for purposes of deliberation , legislation or taxation . A meeting of the estates that covered an entire kingdom was called an estates general . In many states , the first estate comprised the clergymen , the second estate the nobility , and the third estate the commoners ( bourgeoisie , artisans and peasants ) . The actual representation of these three estates in the assembly could vary from country to country . Bourgeoisie , peasants and people with no estate from birth were separated in Sweden and Finland as late as in 1905 . In some countries , the parliament kept the same name when its feudal organization was replaced with a more modern kind of representation , like census or universal suffrage . In Sweden , the Riksdag of the Estates was replaced with the Riksdag in 1866 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f69f2caf874adbf7d7b4f5710897e1a", "text": "Medborgarplatsen Medborgarplatsen ( literally Citizen Square ) is one of the largest squares in Stockholm . It is located on Södermalm and is often colloquially referred to as `` Medis '' . The square was once called Södra Bantorget ( Southern Railway Square ) , but was changed to Medborgarplatsen in 1940 . The square is a common place for demonstrations . On May Day , the Left Party usually start their parade from there , and are accompanied by other smaller leftist and communist parties as they walk to Kungsträdgården . In 2001 , Hammarby celebrated its first victory in the Allsvenskan in front of about 35,000 supporters in the square . Medborgarplatsen is also where Anna Lindh , the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs , held her last public speech before she was murdered on September 10 , 2003 . In 2004 , a memorial monument to Anna Lindh was erected at the square . Near the square is a metro station of the same name . The station was opened as an underground tram station in 1933 , and was converted for the new metro system in 1950 as one of the first stations on the network . The original exits did not open onto the square , but to the nearby street Folkungagatan . In 1995 , another exit was built in Björns Trädgård park , which is across Götgatan from Medborgarplatsen . Medborgarplatsen has a small ice-skating rink which is turned into a terrace with benches in the summer . On one corner of the square there is a substantial public library , and diagonally across on another corner the 17th century Lillienhoff Palace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d86d00c11cbf2bedc6628128b38d9ce", "text": "History of democracy A democracy is a political system , or a system of decision-making within an institution or organization , in which all members have an equal share of power . Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government : the capacity to intervene in their own societies and the recognition of their sovereignty by an international legalistic framework of similarly sovereign states . -LSB- 2 -RSB- Democratic government is commonly juxtaposed with oligarchic and monarchic systems , which are rule by a minority and a sole monarch respectively . Democracy in its earliest forms is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization . The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be . Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War . Modern representative democracies attempt to bridge the gulf between the Hobbesian ` state of nature ' and the grip of authoritarianism through ` social contracts ' that enshrine the rights of the citizens , curtail the power of the state , and grant agency through the right to vote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3840e0782033ff2ba25613db922e6395", "text": "Croats of Sweden The Croats of Sweden ( Sverigekroater ) today number approximately 28,000 . They mostly follow Catholicism , but a small minority that have been living in Sweden for generations have converted to Evangelicalism . They mostly live in Stockholm , the capital city , and in Malmö , in Rosengård district . The most successful football club of Croats of Sweden is NK Croatia Malmö , that played in 1988 the Swedish 2nd League , declared in 1989 with title `` Best Immigrant Club of Europe '' , winner of Malmö Mästerskap four times ( 1988 , 1989 , 1991 and 2016 ) . Zlatan Ibrahimović , a half-Croat , can be considered a Croat of Sweden , because his mother is a Croat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29fb4113d7413929c579331a33e3c97c", "text": "Religion in Sweden Lutheran Christianity is officially the largest religion in Sweden , with 6.1 million Swedish citizens being members of the Church of Sweden . The high membership figure is mainly due to the fact that until 1996 all newborn children with at least one parent being a member of the church were also made members . Other Christian Churches include the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . Islam is the second largest religion in Sweden , practiced by 5 % of the population . The rest of the population are either irreligious or members of other religious groups . Sweden was Christianized from Norse paganism during a long period , not final until the 1130s . Since the 16th century , Sweden has been predominantly Lutheran . From the Protestant Reformation in the 1530s until 2000 , the Lutheran Church of Sweden ( Svenska kyrkan ) was the state church . As of 2016 , 61.2 % of Swedish citizens are members of the Church of Sweden , compared to over 95 % in 1970 , and 83 % in 2000 . Despite that , religion in Sweden plays a limited role compared to the European average , and even many church members participate in religious activities for only cultural reasons , and do not believe in Christianity . Atheism and agnosticism are widespread in Swedish society . In a Eurobarometer Poll in 2010 , just 18 % of Swedish citizens responded that `` they believe there is a god '' , although a further 45 % answered that `` they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' . In a 2009 Gallup poll , 17 % answered yes to the question `` Is religion an important part of your daily life ? '' . A survey found that only 15 % of Church of Sweden members actually believe in Jesus , while another 15 % identified as atheists , and a quarter as agnostic . Less than 4 % of the Church of Sweden membership attends public worship during an average week ; about 2 % are regular attendees . Some scholars consider the nation to be a place where religion is regarded with `` benign indifference '' . The history of the Jews in Sweden can be traced back to the 17th century , and there are about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden today , of whom about 7,000 belong to a Jewish religious congregation . Because of immigration in the latter part of the 20th century , there is today a sizeable minority of Muslims ( 5 % of population ) and Roman Catholics ( 2 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b028477e1f7532ca36d84f8b7dbfa52f", "text": "Christian Social Party (Switzerland) The Christian Social Party ( CSP ) ( German : Christlich-soziale Partei ; French : Parti chrétien-social ) is a political party in Switzerland . The CSP is more social democratic than the Christian Democratic People 's Party of Switzerland ( CVP ) . With the moderate Christian left as its background , the CSP commits itself to social democratic and environmentalist political solutions . The core principles of the CSP contain , among others `` solidarity with the socially and economically disadvantaged and the preservation of the environment . '' The party should not be confused with the Christian Social Party of Obwalden , which is affiliated with the Christian Democratic People 's Party and holds a seat in the National Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48be9c80f8c8c2df570e7f14da77ba5b", "text": "Finnish parliamentary election, 1987 Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 15 and 16 March 1987 . The results saw a rightwards shift in Finnish politics , although it was uncertain how far , because the voter turnout -- at a comparatively low 75 % -- hurt the left more than the right and had a variable impact . The centre-right National Coalition Party ( KOK ) increased its vote share by only 1 % yet gained nine seats in the Eduskunta , almost overtaking the Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) as the largest party . The SDP vote share dropped by 3 % , with 100,000 fewer votes , yet they lost only one seat due to the way their votes were distributed across the country . The Centre Party 's vote share remained stable and it gained two new seats . The Greens , who had registered a significant gain in the 1984 municipal elections gained two seats , far fewer than expected . Weakened perhaps from its membership in the long-lived government , the Finnish Rural Party ( SMP ) lost more than one-third of its support and almost half of its seats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604b16d01d04f46c0d4cf6e28a2a5b34", "text": "European social model The European social model is a common vision many European states have for a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions . Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model `` binds Europe together '' in contrast to the ` American way of life ' . European states do not all use a single social model , but welfare states in Europe do share several broad characteristics . These generally include a commitment to full employment , social protections for all citizens , social inclusion , and democracy . Examples common among European countries include universal health care , free higher education , strong labor protections and regulations , and generous welfare programs in areas such as unemployment insurance , retirement pensions , and public housing . The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives : promotion of employment , improved living and working conditions ... proper social protection , dialogue between management and labour , the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion . Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model , it has been argued that there are four distinct social models in Europe -- the Nordic , British , Mediterranean and the Continental . The general outlines of a European social model emerged during the post-war boom . Tony Judt lists a number of causes : the abandonment of protectionism , the baby boom , cheap energy , and a desire to catch up with living standards enjoyed in the United States . The European social model also enjoyed a low degree of external competition as the Soviet bloc , China and India were not yet integrated into the global economy . In recent years , it has become common to question whether the European social model is sustainable in the face of low birthrates , globalisation , Europeanisation and an ageing population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbd8047b9796015123c453764feb1116", "text": "Democratic and Social Centre Democratic and Social Centre may refer to : Democratic and Social Center - People 's Party ( Portuguese : Centro Democrático e Social - Partido Popular ) , a Portuguese centre-right political party , with an ideological foundation on Christian democracy , Conservatism and Classical liberalism , founded on 19 July 1974 . Centre of Social Democrats , a French Christian-democratic and centrist party , which existed from 1976 to 1995 . Democratic and Social Centre ( Spain ) , a Spanish moderate , social democratic and centrist political party , which was founded in 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd1957bc4f03cca4a25d1c1ed5a4725c", "text": "Swedish general election, 1982 General elections were held in Sweden on 19 September 1982 . They saw the return of the Swedish Social Democratic Party to power after six years in opposition , the longest period in opposition by the Social Democrats since the 1910s . The center-right coalition of Thorbjörn Fälldin had earlier suffered a loss upon the breakup of the government in 1981 , the year before the election , when the rightist Moderate Party chose to withdraw from the government , protesting against the centrist tax policies of the Fälldin government . After regaining power , socialist leader Olof Palme succeeded in being elected Prime Minister again , having earlier held power between 1969 and 1976 . He would retain this position successfully until his assassination in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42282bbf7c25e190f4d7652a8d0d533", "text": "Swedish general election, 1932 General elections were held in Sweden on 17 and 18 September 1932 . The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party , winning 104 of the 230 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag . The party returned to government after six years in opposition , marking the beginning of 44 years of near-uninterrupted rule ( the only exception was three months in 1936 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "323fdfd898203b82fb5b95e4cd178ebd", "text": "Socialist democracy Socialist democracy can refer to mainly two things ; ( 1 ) any of several political parties . Groups using this name tend to have a connection to the reunified Fourth International , reflecting its distinctive position on socialist democracy and ( 2 ) a form of democracy espoused by parties espousing communism or political groups who supports socialist one-party states . Alternative 1 Socialist Democracy ( Australia ) Socialist Democracy ( Brazil ) Socialist Democracy ( Ireland ) Socialist Democracy Group ( England ) Socialist Democracy Party ( Canada ) Socialist Democracy Party ( Turkey ) Alternative 2 Dictatorship of the proletariat Democratic centralism Democratic socialism Category : Political party disambiguation pages Category : Democracy", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9c1e50fe47f219b85e3e44667cfdd9d2", "text": "Barranquilla Barranquilla ( -LSB- baraŋˈkiʝa -RSB- ) is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia . It is the only major city in South America that was populated before its formal foundation . Barranquilla is located near the Caribbean Sea . The city is located in the Atlántico Department , of which it is the capital . Barranquilla is the largest city and port in the northern Caribbean Coast region of Colombia , with a population of 2,370,753 in its metropolitan area , which makes it Colombia 's fourth most populous city after Bogotá , Medellín and Cali . Barranquilla lies strategically next to the delta of the Magdalena River , 7.5 km ( originally 25 km before rapid urban growth ) from its mouth at the Caribbean Sea , serving as port for river and maritime transportation within Colombia . It is also the main industrial , shopping , educational and cultural centre of the Caribbean Region of Colombia . The city is the core of the Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla , which also includes the municipalities of Soledad , Galapa , Malambo , and Puerto Colombia . Barranquilla was legally established as a town on April 7 , 1813 , although it dated from at least 1629 . It grew into an important port , serving as a haven for immigrants from Europe , especially during and immediately following World War I and World War II , when waves of additional immigrants from the Middle East and Asia arrived . Barranquilla became Colombia 's principal port , and with its level of industrialization and modernity earned the city the nickname Colombia 's Golden Gate ( Spanish : La Puerta de Oro de Colombia ) . In the 1940s , Barranquilla was the second largest city in Colombia and one of the most modern cities in the Caribbean and in South America , while later , local administrations , due to widespread corruption in their ranks , brought about a decline in the standard of living . As government investment increased in other Colombian cities , Barranquilla 's national position was eclipsed . The city is home to one of the most important folk and cultural festivals of Colombia , the Carnival of Barranquilla , which was declared a National Cultural Heritage by the Congress of Colombia in 2001 and recognized by UNESCO in 2003 . Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport , built in Barranquilla in 1919 , was the first airport in South America . The city is served by domestic and international flights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4ae5aa30987fd6faaec3684f9153c5c", "text": "Shakira Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll ( -LSB- ( t ) ʃaˈkiɾa isaˈβel meβaˈɾak riˈpol -RSB- ; -LSB- langʃəˈki : rə -RSB- born 2 February 1977 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter , dancer , and record producer . Born and raised in Barranquilla , she began performing in school , demonstrating Latin American , Arabic , and rock and roll influences and belly dancing abilities . Shakira 's first studio albums , Magia and Peligro , failed to attain commercial success in the 1990s ; however , she rose to prominence in Latin America with her major-label debut , Pies Descalzos ( 1996 ) , and her fourth album , Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album , Laundry Service . Its lead single , `` Whenever , Wherever '' , became one of the most successful singles of 2002 . Her success was solidified with her sixth and seventh albums Fijación Oral , Volumen Uno and Oral Fixation , Volume Two ( 2005 ) , the latter of which spawned one of the best-selling songs of the 21st century , `` Hips Do n't Lie '' . Shakira 's eighth and ninth albums , She Wolf ( 2009 ) and Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) , received critical praise . Her official song for the 2010 FIFA World Cup , `` Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) '' , became the biggest-selling World Cup song of all time . With over 1.3 billion views , it is one of the most-watched music videos on YouTube . Shakira served as a coach on the fourth and sixth seasons of the American version of The Voice in 2013 and 2014 , respectively . Her tenth album , Shakira ( 2014 ) , is preceded by its lead single , `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' . Shakira has won many awards , including five MTV Video Music Awards , two Grammy Awards , eight Latin Grammy Awards , seven Billboard Music Awards , 28 Billboard Latin Music Awards and has been Golden Globe-nominated . She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and has sold between 70 and 125 million records worldwide ( depending on the source ) , making her the best selling South American singer and one of the best selling Latin artists of all time . She carries out well-known philanthropic activities through charity work most notably through her Pies Descalzos Foundation . In 2014 , she was listed as the 58th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7c7a98f7fa6684c07d2127c5ccc62832", "text": "Kidnappings in Colombia Kidnappings in Colombia refers to the practice of kidnapping in the Republic of Colombia . This criminal practice was first introduced in modern Colombian history during the early 1970s by the guerrilla movements and , later , also by criminal groups . With the release of Colombian presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt on July 2 , 2008 this practice gained worldwide notoriety . Guerrilla groups like the M-19 , the FARC , ELN among others widely exploited this practice . To counter these paramilitary groups also adopted this method to intimidate adversaries . Drug cartels like the Medellín Cartel also used this practice to intimidate politicians who were trying to approve in congress an extradition treaty with the United States , and also used in drug cartel wars . Regular criminal organizations also kidnap and sell persons of interest to guerrilla groups . Police in Colombia say the number of people kidnapped has fallen 92 % since 2000 . Common criminals are now the perpetrators of the overwhelming majority of kidnappings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76fa23d6bd96984088b6221b2e488e10", "text": "Mari Sano Mari Sano ( Aichi , Seto , born 17 June 1968 ) is a Japanese multimedia artist living in Mexico and Argentina . Besides music she is known for playing the charango , the ocarina and percussion , is a composer , photographer , producer of artistic encounters and Aozorakobo record , produced three albums `` From Beginning '' ( 1996 ) , `` Latin Park '' ( 1999 ) , `` Friendship Musical '' ( 2008 ) with her compositions she got numerous awards and cultural recognition in music , photography and as a solo performer . In her childhood , she lived in Mexico ( 1972 -- 1976 ) , Argentina ( 1978 -- 1982 ) and Spain ( 1989 -- 1992 ) , absorbing the Hispanic culture . Since 1998 she was living in Argentina . Expresses `` Life of Hummingbird '' on stage , was created from the Deer Dance ( Ritual dancing celebrated by the Yaqui Indians and Mayos ) and entitled `` Charango dancing / Dance of the hummingbird '' It was during her experience in Mexico , in 1972 , that the author Mari Sano knew the choreographer Amalia Hernández , with the folk dancing . Mari Sano introduced this dance elements to her own invention , as strumming the charango with specific sounds that she used in her choreography . More than a show is a musical evening , whose protagonists are the charango and dancing . As you can see her picture on the back of the stage as part of the scenery , are images of nature and journalistic . Her creation with a strong singularity has reached the stages around the world : Argentina , Japan , Taiwan , Colombia , Ecuador , Venezuela , Costa Rica , Spain , Mexico and Cuba . It was sponsored by the Ministry of Culture and embassies of Argentina , Mexico , Ecuador and Japan , in recognition of the important work in promoting activities that contribute to enriching the cultural and friendship in the world . She was invited at concerts , record material and cultural events by artists from Latin America ( Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela , Eduardo Bergara Leumann , Liliana Belfiore , Jaime Torres , Carmina Cannavino , Horacio Lopez , Franco Luciani , Nuria Martinez , Eloisa Lopez , National Choir House of Ecuadorian Culture ) and numerous rock bands , Celtic and Circus ( the Zurda , Violent Past , the Pakidermos , Axouxeres ) . She collaborated in music and production of various artistic projects : the documentary film Visions of Hiroshima , Zamba del Loro Mario and dancing show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "182ac9325cbb161e9e185a216943a7ca", "text": "Día Especial `` Día Especial '' ( Special Day ) is a Latin pop ballad performed by Colombian singer Shakira from her album Fijación Oral Vol . 1 . The song is about how a day is made special from forgiveness . `` Día Especial '' is not an official single to Fijación Oral Vol . 1 , but was popular around the time of the album 's release , peaking at number 26 on the US Billboard Latin Pop Songs . Gustavo Cerati was the lyricist for the track with Shakira and Luis Fernando Ochoa as co-writers for the music . The English version is entitled `` The Day and the Time '' and features on the album Oral Fixation Vol . 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecfe9202195044fe6b086b303dbdf67e", "text": "Rock al Parque Rock al Parque is a rock music festival which , since 1995 , has taken place in Bogotá , Colombia . Entry to the festival is free of charge . In 2004 , 400,000 people took part in the event . It is considered the largest rock festival in Colombia and one of the most important in Latin America , arguably the largest free rock festival in the continent . It has ska , punk , hardcore , metal , and other genres included in its program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07fdeef004d7d288c2f38727f2c335e1", "text": "Champeta Champeta is a genre of folk music and dance originating in the Atlantic coastal regions of Colombia . Champeta originated among inhabitants of African descent of the Colombian cities of Cartagena de Indias and Barranquilla , and was linked with the culture of the Palenque of San Basilio district . It shows influences of musical genres from Euro-African colonial settlements and from the continent of Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6303ee1900c2e57845e530bbdbf585de", "text": "Ricardo Chará Ricardo Chará Lerma ( born 24 May 1990 ) is a Colombian footballer , currently free agent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b88d01034795036df58aef11b8a06c", "text": "LGBT in Colombia The initialism LGBT is used to refer collectively to lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) people and members of the specific group and to the community ( subculture ) that surrounds them . This can include rights advocates , artists , authors , etc. . In spite of considerable de jure legal protection for the LGBT community in Colombia ( see LGBT rights in Colombia ) , LGBT individuals are often subject to controversy regarding acceptance ( transgender individuals , in particular ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f51cbece09d4bf4ae1e2f60009d6378", "text": "Beautiful Liar `` Beautiful Liar '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé and Colombian singer Shakira . It was written by Beyoncé , Amanda Ghost , Ian Dench , and Stargate members Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen , and produced by Stargate and Beyoncé for the re-release of Beyoncé 's second solo album , B'Day ( 2006 ) . The mixing of the song was done by Gustavo Celis . `` Beautiful Liar '' was released on March 14 , 2007 , by Columbia Records as the first single from the deluxe edition of the album . A Spanish and English mixed version of the song was produced and titled `` Bello Embustero '' . `` Beautiful Liar '' is a mid-tempo song ; musically , it is a melding of Shakira 's Latin and Middle Eastern styles with Beyoncé 's contemporary hip hop and R&B styles . Its theme is female empowerment ; two female protagonists sing about being charmed by the same man , but instead of fighting over him , both ladies agree that he is not worth their time . The song was well received by music critics , who praised generally Beyoncé 's and Shakira 's collaboration . `` Beautiful Liar '' was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Grammy Awards and the Spanish version was nominated for Record of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 . It won an Ivor Novello Awards for Best-Selling British Song in 2008 . `` Beautiful Liar '' was commercially successful . It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and experienced the largest upward movement on that chart until 2008 . The song peaked at number one in many European countries , including France , Germany , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Its accompanying music video was directed by Jake Nava , incorporates belly dancing moves . `` Beautiful Liar '' won the Most Earthshattering Collaboration award at the 2007 MTV Video Music Award . The song was included on Beyoncé 's set list during her 2007 The Beyoncé Experience world tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b86f865dc3b99d04df9ead51b94ce74c", "text": "Colombia's Next Top Model Colombia 's Next Top Model is a Colombian reality television series , based on Tyra Banks ' America 's Next Top Model . It is the third franchise in Latin America after Brazil 's Next Top Model and Mexico 's Next Top Model . The series began to air on Caracol TV on January 8 , 2013 . The series features a group of young women who compete for the title of `` Colombia 's Next Top Model '' and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry . The second season aired on January 13 , 2014 . Carolina Cruz was introduced as the new image of the contest and Franklin Ramos remained as the tutor . On the other hand , Kika Rocha and Catalina Aristizábal remained part of the team as judges and Mauricio Vélez entered the show as a replacement of Raúl Higuera who was no longer part of the team for season 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "091f459933dcade05b29402c1f51bbe4", "text": "Los Premios 40 Principales for Best Latin Artist The Premios 40 Principales for Best Latin Artist is an honor presented annually at Los Premios 40 Principales , a ceremony that recognizes excellence in music , organised by Spain 's top music radio Los 40 Principales . The award was first seen in 2007 , separated from the Best International Artist category . Shakira is the most awarded artist in this category , being a four-time winner . Juanes follows her with two awards . In 2013 , Ricky Martin became the first non-Colombian artist to notch the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d82b7f43ae3bcb94f99d85341260a9fc", "text": "No Creo `` No Creo '' is a song written and performed by the Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira . The song was released as the fourth single from her multi-platinum album Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) and later from her acoustic performance of the song on the MTV show Unplugged ( 2000 ) . In the song , the singer expresses how she believes in nothing and nobody except her lover . The song references popular socially accepted or non-accepted norms such as herself , luck , Karl Marx , Jean-Paul Sartre , Mars and Venus , and Brian Weiss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc02fbcc4bc959f4ee3adf65cff5d64", "text": "Loca (Shakira song) `` Loca '' ( `` Crazy '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . It was released by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The Spanish-language version features Dominican rapper El Cata , and was released on 10 September 2010 , while the English-language version features British rapper Dizzee Rascal , and was released on 13 September 2010 . It was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting from Edward Bello , Armando Pérez , and Dylan Mills . The song is a Latin pop and merengue track that lyrically describes Shakira 's eccentric infatuation with a man . In August 2014 , a senior US district judge found `` Loca '' to have been indirectly plagiarised from `` Loca con su Tiguere '' , a mid-1990s song composed by Dominican songwriter Ramon `` Arias '' Vasquez . The case was dismissed in August 2015 after it was found that Vasquez had fabricated the evidence he had presented in court . Upon its release , `` Loca '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who complimented the inclusion of merengue music on the recording . The English version of the song became a worldwide commercial success and peaked inside the top five of the record charts of countries including Austria , Belgium , France , Hungary and Italy . The Spanish version peaked atop the charts of Spain and Switzerland , and became a hit on the Latin record charts in the United States , topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . `` Loca '' received record certifications in various countries around the world , including a diamond certification in Colombia and multi-platinum certifications in Italy , Mexico , and Spain . Its accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona , Spain in August 2010 , and was released the following month . It features Shakira interacting with a beach crowd , and dancing in front of the sea wearing a golden bikini . It generated a favourable response from critics , many of whom praised its concept for matching the vibe of the song . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Loca '' on several television shows and on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08641909a72612bd619702184d13e212", "text": "San Cayetano, Cundinamarca San Cayetano is a municipality and town of Colombia in the department of Cundinamarca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7cd38c7f10618768e1e8e9269c11c61", "text": "Coffee from Colombia Coffee from Colombia ( feat . Snoop Dogg ) is the eleventh studio album by Azerbaijani singer-songwriter-diva Aygün Kazımova , released on April 21 , 2014 , by DMC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "549aae1a076b5af23b5158fae1629d89", "text": "Dagua Dagua ( -LSB- ˈdaɣwa -RSB- ) is a town and municipality located in the Department of Valle del Cauca , Colombia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1192be652a27a899b93f2ae5018f43c", "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of Cundinamarca Cundinamarca is a department of Colombia , one of the original nine states of the `` United States of Colombia '' . As with the other states , Cundinamarca once had the right to issue its own postage stamps , and it issued stamps with the state 's coat of arms , starting in 1870 and ending in 1904 . Many of these are still readily available . There is one rarity , the 2-real provisional stamp from 1883 , although there is some doubt as to whether it was sold to the public , since no used copies are known to exist . Likewise , authentic uses of any Cundinamarca stamp on cover are not often seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5104a7bbfc432dc1adb7a9cabb6cbb51", "text": "Itagüí Itagüí ( -LSB- itaˈɣwi -RSB- ) is a city of Colombia , located in the south of the Aburrá Valley in the Antioquia Department . It is part of The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d5b8bff0810d5b90ca2cdd3c0128df", "text": "Valledupar Valledupar is a city and municipality in northeastern Colombia . It is the capital of Cesar Department . Its name , Valle de Upar ( Valley of Upar ) , was established in honor of the Amerindian cacique who ruled the valley ; Cacique Upar . The city lies between the mountains of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá to the borders of the Guatapurí and Cesar rivers . Valledupar is an important agricultural , cattle raising , coal mining and agro-industrial center for the region between the Departments of Cesar and southern municipalities of La Guajira Department , formerly known as the Padilla Province . Valledupar is notable as the cradle of vallenato music , representative of the Colombian culture . The city hosts the Vallenato Legend Festival . During the 1980s , 1990s and early 2000s , the city suffered during the Colombian Armed Conflict , with numerous kidnappings , thousands of people forced out and failure to control crime . Valledupar has one of Colombia 's most modern maximum security prisons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25211f4789ffe20331203dfdc237dc27", "text": "She Wolf She Wolf ( Loba ) is the eighth studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira . It was released on 9 October 2009 , by Epic Records and Sony Music Latin . As executive producers , Shakira and Amanda Ghost enlisted collaborators including The Neptunes , John Hill , Wyclef Jean , Lukas Burton , Future Cut , Jerry Duplessis and Timbaland . Musically , the record shifts from her traditional Latin pop and pop rock musical styles , instead exploring electropop , with influences of folk and world music . The lyrical themes of the album mostly focus on love and relationships and were based on the conversations Shakira had with her friends . She Wolf reached number one on the charts of Argentina , Ireland , Italy , Mexico and Switzerland . It also charted inside the top five in Spain , Germany and the United Kingdom . It debuted at number fifteen on the Billboard 200 . She Wolf was certified double-platinum in Colombia and Mexico , platinum in Italy and Spain , and gold in numerous countries including France and the United Kingdom . The album was supported by four singles . Its lead single , `` She Wolf '' , along with its Spanish-language version `` Loba '' , which reached the top ten in several countries . `` Did It Again '' ( along with its Spanish-language version `` Lo Hecho Está Hecho '' ) was released worldwide as the second single , except in the United States , where its release was substituted by `` Give It Up to Me '' . The fourth single was `` Gypsy '' , along with its Spanish-language version `` Gitana '' . Shakira embarked on The Sun Comes Out World Tour in late-2010 to promote She Wolf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "871cd01c5f84ea17a462955b89f9a26d", "text": "Santa Marta Santa Marta , officially Distrito Turístico , Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta ( `` Touristic , Cultural and Historic District of Santa Marta '' ) , is a city in Colombia . It is the capital of the department of Magdalena and fourth largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia , after Barranquilla , Cartagena , and Soledad . Founded on July 29 , 1525 , by the Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas , it was the first Spanish settlement in Colombia , and is the oldest surviving city in that country , and second oldest in South America . This city is situated on a bay of the same name and as such , is a prime tourist destination .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b6f41e0447a7f16fb4c82a1bd9a274f6", "text": "Glenn Frey Glenn Lewis Frey ( -LSB- fraɪ -RSB- November 6 , 1948 -- January 18 , 2016 ) was an American singer , songwriter and actor , best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles . Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles , roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley , with whom he wrote most of the Eagles ' material . Frey played guitar , piano , and keyboards . He sang lead vocals on songs such as `` Take It Easy '' , `` Peaceful Easy Feeling '' , `` Tequila Sunrise '' , `` Already Gone '' , `` Lyin ' Eyes '' , `` New Kid in Town '' , and `` Heartache Tonight '' . After the breakup of the Eagles in 1980 , Frey embarked on a successful solo career . He released his debut album , No Fun Aloud , in 1982 and went on to record Top 40 hits `` The One You Love '' , `` Smuggler 's Blues '' , `` Sexy Girl '' , `` The Heat Is On '' , `` You Belong to the City '' , `` True Love '' , `` Soul Searchin ' '' and `` Livin ' Right '' . As a member of the Eagles , Frey won six Grammy Awards , and five American Music Awards . The Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 , the first year they were nominated . Consolidating his solo recordings and those with the Eagles , Frey had 24 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c20310fa559e3ee713e05693d608e535", "text": "Glenn Barber Martin Glenn Barber ( born February 2 , 1935 , in Hollis , Oklahoma ) -- died March 28 , 2008 , in Gallatin , Tennessee ) , was an American country and rockabilly performer . He recorded for Hickory Records in the 1970s , releasing three albums and charting 21 singles on Hot Country Songs . His highest chart entry was `` Unexpected Goodbye '' , which reached number 23 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c428a0b3ad82bab22241ecc24d6e52", "text": "Jimmy Doyle (musician) James Vivian Alfred `` Jimmy '' Doyle ( 14 October 19455 May 2006 ) was an Australian musician , best known as a founding member , and guitarist in Ayers Rock ( 1973 -- 81 ) , a jazz fusion , progressive rock band . As a member of Ayers Rock , Doyle appeared on all three of their studio albums , Big Red Rock ( 1974 ) , Beyond ( 1976 ) and Hotspell ( 1980 ) . They toured both nationally and internationally including through the United States , where they supported Bachman -- Turner Overdrive ( July 1975 ) at a stadium concert with an audience of 35,000 people in Seattle . For the group 's third album , Hotspell , Doyle wrote or co-wrote four tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0b1fd5e4b4d29105130da977b9d404f", "text": "Freya Clausen Freya Christine Clausen also known by her mononym Freya ( born 17 November 1978 ) is a Danish singer/songwriter and television personality , based in Copenhagen . She worked as an MTV VJ , then moved to VH1 in 2010 . She has released two solo albums , Tea with the Queen and Chasing My Tale . Since 2010 she has hosted the pan-Scandinavian TV channel Star ! 's broadcasts from Stockholm Fashion Week by Berns . Freya released a new single called `` Into The Fire '' on September 29th 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29dd5194d866aa2775eea06d5d57c561", "text": "Glenn Miller Alton Glenn Miller ( March 1 , 1904 -- missing in action December 15 , 1944 ) was an American big band musician , arranger , composer , and bandleader in the swing era . He was the best-selling recording artist from 1939 to 1943 , leading one of the best known big bands . Miller 's recordings include `` In the Mood '' , `` Moonlight Serenade '' , `` Pennsylvania 6-5000 '' , `` Chattanooga Choo Choo '' , `` A String of Pearls '' , `` At Last '' , '' ( I 've Got a Gal In ) Kalamazoo '' , `` American Patrol '' , `` Tuxedo Junction '' , `` Elmer 's Tune '' , and `` Little Brown Jug '' . While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II , Miller 's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "156e65536b6b6fd72a06daa5834cec7d", "text": "Kurt Bloch Kurt Bloch ( born August 28 , 1960 ) is an American songwriter , guitarist , engineer and record producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53791857eef153b0ef6c25deb528e755", "text": "Michael Anthony Franano Michael Anthony Franano ( born 1964 ) is an American rock singer/songwriter and musician known for his work in the hard rock and alternative genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fcef6c9370619820948bc7eed17cebb", "text": "Glenn Henry (IT entrepreneur) Glenn Henry ( né Gaylord Glenn Henry ; born July 26 , 1942 Berkeley , California ) , is an American computer industry executive , cofounder of Centaur Technology , and inventor of computer technology at the advent and frontier era of the development of personal computers . He holds multiple patents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1f391c768480461a16ab8a6d48feae7", "text": "Glenn Kaiser Glenn Kaiser ( born January 21 , 1953 ) is a Chicago-based Christian blues musician , singer-songwriter and pastor . He was the leader of Resurrection Band and is currently the leader of The Glenn Kaiser Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd46b945ff0223eae0ed8c391c1f6dd", "text": "Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts The Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts , INC. ( PCC ) is an American trade union . It was founded in 1966 by members of Musicians ' Protective Union Local # 274 , American Federation of Musicians ( A F of M ) . Local # 274 was chartered in 1935 as a separate Black local because Black musicians were denied membership in the racially segregated Local # 77 . Local # 274 enjoyed its autonomy for more than 36 years . It was the longest surviving independent Black Musicians ' Union in the United States , of the more than fifty chartered in major cities . Local # 274 and PCC 's social unit are integral parts of the history of JAZZ in Philadelphia . They evolved out of the struggle of Black musicians for political , economic , and cultural recognition during Philadelphia 's overt segregation period . Local # 274 's membership rolls included JAZZ greats like John Coltrane , Dizzy Gillespie , Shirley Scott , Lee Morgan , `` Philly '' Joe Jones , Grover Washington Jr. , the Heath Brothers , and Nina Simone to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c167ca6c0a6a0ec81cba45bd90a1dda", "text": "Joel Fein Joel Fein ( June 19 , 1944 -- September 22 , 2007 ) was an American sound engineer . He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film The Buddy Holly Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e56bd441b13781466cdaa63c2bc89982", "text": "George Williams (musician) George Dale `` The Fox '' Williams ( November 5 , 1917 -- April 17 , 1988 ) was a musician , composer , and an arranger for a number of major big bands , including Jimmie Lunceford , Glenn Miller , Gene Krupa , Sonny Dunham , and Ray Anthony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05cf66d13715e9c415a4d0fc4c39857", "text": "Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band The Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band was a humorous musical group of amateur musicians living in the San Francisco , California , area who played a repertoire of polkas and light classical music while adopting a persona of mild confusion and wearing self-created uniforms once described as rejects from the Franco-Prussian War . The group originally formed one Christmas season in 1949 to play carols in Sausalito , California , and someone brought a book of polka music , possibly one of the `` Hungry Five '' books by Harry L. Alford whose music became a basic part of the Guckenheimer repertoire . The group became increasingly popular in northern California , often invited to play at wine festivals and openings and in later years for such august occasions as opening night of the San Francisco Symphony . Although all were business professionals , the group joined Local 6 of the American Federation of Musicians and became `` professional musicians '' when they were invited by San Francisco Records to make its first record album , `` Oom-Pah-Pah In Hi-Fi '' -- described on its front cover as `` The sourest German village band music ever ! '' Although the group played for laughs , all its members were quite adequate musicians , some of them very good . The occasional native German-born listener would often remark on the Guckenheimers ' similarity to actual village bands back in the old country . The village band sound was authentic enough RCA Victor signed the group to record a second album , `` Sour Kraut In Hi Fi '' ( LPM-1453 ) The name of the group was taken from an obscure brand of whiskey and adopted by the group 's leader , Richard B. Gump , who took on the persona of Herr Doktor Fritz Guckenheimer , Kapellmeister . All of the other band members adopted names that were some variant of Schmidt . Gump was a San Francisco art dealer and owner of Gump 's store in downtown San Francisco , which was also the recording location of their best known record album for RCA Victor Records `` Music For Non-Thinkers '' ( LSP/LPM 1721 ) , which was recorded on Sunday , December 29 , 1957 , in stereo . It was released in 1958 . It was re-released on an unknown date , and kept the original stereo catalog number , but adopted a new per-side catalog number as well , J2PY-2451 / J2PY-2452 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "706dfd1d597ab227e95e65cf29c4dc45", "text": "Hearts & Flowers Hearts & Flowers was a Los Angeles folk rock club band , perhaps most significant as one of the groups that launched the career of Eagles ' founding member and guitarist-songwriter , Bernie Leadon . The lineup included Larry Murray ( vocals , guitar ) , Dave Dawson ( vocals , guitar , autoharp ) , and Rick Cunha ( vocals , guitar ) . The individual members met at the ongoing Monday night jam sessions being held at The Troubador over which Murray presided . Cunha and Dawson , who played in a duo , were newcomers as recent transplants to the area from Hawaii . After a few informal picking sessions , the trio gelled and started performing . `` We had a unique sound , a very strange sound , particularly because we found what we did best was old , traditional , country hillbilly music , Murray told John Einarson . `` That became the core of what we did , the three of us , and we took it from there . '' The group 's sound was described as `` Merle Haggard-meets-Sgt . Pepper '' as a result of the wide-ranging influences each member brought to Hearts & Flowers . This included the aforementioned Haggard , plus Buck Owens , The Louvin and Everly brothers , The Country Gentlemen , The Beatles , and Bob Dylan . With such unorthodox influences -- plus the fact that the band featured autoharp -- , the group was torn about the direction it wanted to take . `` Had it been up to us , we would have gone way country , '' said Cunha . `` We wanted it to be commercial and fit into the pop market , but left to our own devices it would have been even more country . Production changed what we would have done . '' Meanwhile , Hearts & Flowers was influencing local musicians who heard them in various folk clubs around the Los Angeles area . This included several people who would later be credited with developing the then-germinating Southern California country-rock sound . Jim Messina ( Buffalo Springfield , Poco , Loggins and Messina ) says , `` Those three guys were probably the closest thing to what we were all flowing into . They were the cutting edge of where the rest of us were going . They were the black that did n't quite have the edge sharped on it yet . I got my first Telecaster from Rick Cunha . '' The group signed a deal with Capitol Records ' Folk World label in December 1966 . Once in the studio , the trio was filled out with studio musicians and steered into a more folk direction . On the road , the group would be augmented with an ever-changing series of musicians including Terry Paul ( Kris Kristofferson ) , Pete Carr ( The Hour Glass ) , and Karen Carpenter ( The Carpenters ) . Tensions over the direction of the group eventually came to a head . Cunha left the group in Fall 1967 to write country music and produce . Leadon replaced Cunha for the second album in 1968 . Leadon was well known to Murray as they had played in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers , a San Diego bluegrass group responsible for launching both those members ' careers as well as those of Chris Hillman ( The Byrds , The Flying Burrito Brothers , Manassas ) and Kenny Wertz ( The Flying Burrito Brothers , Country Gazette ) . Among venues they played during the mid-1960s , were Los Angeles clubs Ledbetter 's , Doug Weston 's Troubadour , The Whisky-a-Go-Go , and the Ash Grove , primarily as an opening act . Some of the groups with whom they shared a bill included The Doors , Bill Monroe , The Buffalo Springfield , and Blue Cheer . After recording two albums without major success , the group disbanded in 1968 . Murray claims the group was `` in a rut '' and each member was working with other , different musicians . `` But for a simple twist of fate , we could have been huge . We had what it took , we had a lot of charisma , the personality of the group was amazing . But I do n't think we were focused business-wise . We tended to go with losers , because they were less high-pressure , and we dodged the real pressure people whose asses we should have been kissing . But you do what you do . Everything we did seemed like a good idea at the time . '' The timing of the break-up could n't have been worse . It was just prior to the release of the seminal country-rock album by The Byrds , Sweetheart of the Rodeo , and the subsequent formation of The Flying Burrito Brothers , both of which are credited with popularizing the genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8178ece13b25bf0e88dc03370f2eab9", "text": "Jack Tempchin Jack Tempchin is an American musician and singer-songwriter , best known for writing the Eagles classic `` Peaceful Easy Feeling '' and co-writing `` Already Gone '' , `` The Girl From Yesterday '' , `` Somebody '' , and `` It 's Your World Now '' . During the Eagles ' breakup period ( 1980 -- 1994 ) he co-wrote with Glenn Frey producing `` You Belong to the City '' , `` Smuggler 's Blues '' , `` The One You Love '' , `` I Found Somebody '' and `` True Love '' . Among numerous other songs , Tempchin wrote `` Swayin ' to the Music ( Slow Dancing ) '' . The song was first recorded by the short-lived group The Funky Kings , of which Tempchin was a member at the time . In 1977 , the song became a top-10 pop hit for Johnny Rivers , and in 1979 it was a top-10 country hit for Johnny Duncan . Other compositions include : `` Someone That You Used To Know '' ( George Jones ) `` White Shoes '' ( Emmylou Harris , Randy Meisner ) `` Rollin ' '' ( Glen Campbell ) `` To Feel That Way At All '' ( Patty Loveless ) `` Somebody Trying To Tell You Something '' ( Tanya Tucker ) `` You Can Go Home '' ( with Chris Hillman , recorded by The Desert Rose Band in 1991 ) `` Your Tattoo '' ( Sammy Kershaw ) `` East Of Eden '' ( Tom Rush ) `` 15 Days Under The Hood '' ( The Paladins , New Riders of the Purple Sage ) `` Who 's Been Sleeping In My Bed '' ( Phantom Blues Band , Candye Kane ) `` Swayin To The Music ( Slow Dancin ) '' ( Johnny Rivers , Funky Kings , Olivia Newton John , Ian Gomm and Johnny Duncan ) Tempchin has also toured extensively as a solo artist over the years , opening for artists such as Ringo Starr , Jackson Browne , Dave Mason , Poco , Dolly Parton , Karla Bonoff , Chicago , Christopher Cross , Kenny Loggins , Timothy B. Schmit , Barry McGuire , Tom Rush , Al Kooper and Emmylou Harris . His current band is called Rocket Science , which plays at venues throughout Southern California and beyond . He is from Encinitas , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4144e62fd2b13da319d66e7f2f6d293c", "text": "Peter Keys Peter Pisarczyk ( born May 30 , 1965 ) , better known as Peter Keys is an American keyboardist . He is best known for his work with George Clinton in various P-Funk line-ups and as a member of Lynyrd Skynyrd since 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "209999e13cacd72eb20aafda1c7999a4", "text": "Hughes/Thrall Hughes / Thrall was musical project formed in 1982 by former Deep Purple and Trapeze bassist/vocalist Glenn Hughes and guitarist journeyman Pat Thrall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82760bcf108673e535bc85e1140ce7ed", "text": "Chris Bell (American musician) Christopher Branford `` Chris '' Bell ( January 12 , 1951December 27 , 1978 ) was an American guitarist , singer , and songwriter . Along with Alex Chilton , he led the power pop band Big Star through its first acclaimed album , # 1 Record ( 1972 ) . He also pursued a solo career throughout the mid-1970s , resulting in the posthumous I Am the Cosmos LP . All Music Guide praised Bell as `` one of the unsung heroes of American pop music '' and noted his lasting impression , saying : `` Despite a life marked by tragedy and a career crippled by commercial indifference , the singer/songwriter 's slim body of recorded work proved massively influential on the generations of indie rockers who emerged in his wake . '' His catalog of proto-alternative rock has inspired the likes of Beck , R.E.M. , Teenage Fanclub , Primal Scream , Afghan Whigs , Pete Yorn , Wilco , The Posies , and The Replacements , all of which have covered his music or name-dropped Big Star in the press . His life was documented in the acclaimed Big Star : Nothing Can Hurt Me documentary , released in 2013 on Magnolia Pictures . In the winter 2017 , Bell 's life will be documented in the book There Was a Light : The Cosmic History of Chris Bell and the Rise of Big Star . The oral-history style bio is slated for a November 2017 release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91128fe3d1e91fe2960e2ec800f3cb13", "text": "Glenn Jones (guitarist) Glenn Jones ( born October 1 , 1953 ) is an American guitarist , He is most recognized for his work in the experimental rock group Cul de Sac .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "657fd5b98b6bbafebbe95b8479985d18", "text": "Alastair Galbraith (musician) Alastair Galbraith is a musician from Dunedin , New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec4b9715e6e2a055397e0c2cbc1534c8", "text": "Marc Copely Marc Copely is an American rock and blues guitarist and songwriter . Described as '' ... a working-class hero of stadium-sized potential '' , Copely has been performing since the age of 19 . The Worcester , Massachusetts born musician , launched his professional career by performing with B.B. King , James Montgomery , and James Cotton . Copely is also known for his songwriting . He co-wrote `` Breathe Into You '' with Carole King , `` Something Beautiful '' with Tracy Bonham and Greg Wells and `` Little White Lies '' , featured in the 2012 Weinstein film `` Butter '' . Most recently , his co-write `` Midnight Run '' , was featured in the Weinstein film `` Lawless '' , sung by Willie Nelson . Copely has released two solo albums : Limited Lifetime Guarantee ( 2002 ) via RCA Records and Harp & Plow ( 2009 ) via United For Opportunity . Songs from these albums have been featured on the Late Show with David Letterman , The Tonight Show with Jay Leno , Late Night with Conan O'Brien , Brothers & Sistersand Gray 's Anatomy . `` Harp & Plow '' was chosen as an Editors ' Pick in the June 2010 issue of Guitar Player magazine . Other original music has been heard on Pawn Stars , Cajun Pawn Stars , American Restoration , NY Ink , Psychic Kids , The Fosters . Copely has toured in recent years as guitarist with Rosanne Cash , Billy Squier , and opened for Don Henley , Joe Walsh , and The Eagles on separate tours with JD & The Straight Shot , joined by Keith Urban and the Dixie Chicks . He has shared the stage and studio in diverse collaborations with artists like Robert Randolph , Bono and The Edge , Linda Eder , Indian percussionist/producer Karsh Kale , R&B sensation Maiysha , The East Village Opera Company and Handel 's Messiah Rocks with the Boston Pops Orchestra , under the direction of Keith Lockhart . He performed on Dancing With The Stars and the American Music Awards with pop icon Enrique Iglesias in 2011 . In the summer of 2009 , Copely embarked on a national tour as guitarist with Billy Squier . He later opened with JD & The Straight Shot for the Eagles and Don Henley , joined by Keith Urban and the Dixie Chicks . Copely can be prominently seen in New Year 's Eve , playing alongside Jon Bon Jovi in the fictitious rock band Jensen . Copely co-produced and performed on The Righteous Brothers song , `` Unchained Melody '' for Constantine Maroulis ( American Idol , Rock of Ages ) for his live guest appearance performance on American Idol .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9d85779e1d1260da6a0c008e50d19d19", "text": "The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922 . The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan . Considered to be Fitzgerald 's magnum opus , The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence , idealism , resistance to change , social upheaval , and excess , creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream . Fitzgerald -- inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island 's north shore -- began planning the novel in 1923 , desiring to produce , in his words , `` something new -- something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned . '' Progress was slow , with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924 . His editor , Maxwell Perkins , felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter . Fitzgerald was repeatedly ambivalent about the book 's title and he considered a variety of alternatives , including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio ; the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red , White , and Blue . First published by Scribner 's in April 1925 , The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly ; in its first year , the book sold only 20,000 copies . Fitzgerald died in 1940 , believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten . However , the novel experienced a revival during World , and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades . Today , The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title `` Great American Novel . '' In 1998 , the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century 's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5a3a5308cb853c2a161a1409c98bf883", "text": "Supercouple A supercouple or super couple ( also known as a power couple ) is a popular or wealthy pairing that intrigues and fascinates the public in an intense or obsessive fashion . The term originated in the United States , and was coined in the early 1980s when intense public interest in fictional soap opera couple Luke Spencer and Laura Webber , from General Hospital , made the pair a popular culture phenomenon . The term supercouple typically refers to fictional couples from television dramas and film , such as Gone with the Winds Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara . With regard to real-life pairings , tabloids and the mainstream media have focused on wealthy or popular celebrity couples , and have titled them supercouples or power couples . Examples are the former pairing of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez ( which became known by the portmanteau `` Bennifer '' ) , and the former relationship of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie ( `` Brangelina '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cb7daf7f1bb3dfe54e163ebd00c4d8c", "text": "The Serena Also Rises `` The Serena Also Rises '' is the 23rd episode of the CW television series , Gossip Girl . It was also the fifth episode of the show 's second season . The episode was written by Jessica Queller and directed by Patrick Norris . It originally aired on Monday , September 29 , 2008 on the CW . In the midst of Fashion Week , a furious Blair Waldorf ( Leighton Meester ) plans on sabotaging Serena van der Woodsen ( Blake Lively ) after Serena claims her Queen Bee status and rejecting her for New York socialite Poppy Lifton ( Tamara Feldman ) , during her mother 's fashion show . Jenny Humphrey ( Taylor Momsen ) becomes a casualty of Blair 's schemes as her father Rufus Humphrey ( Matthew Settle ) begins to see through her Jenny 's lies . Meanwhile , Dan Humphrey ( Penn Badgley ) decides to hang out with Chuck Bass ( Ed Westwick ) to improve his writing , incidentally discovering a darker side to Chuck . Lily Bass ( Kelly Rutherford ) finds difficulty in her marriage with Bart Bass ( Robert John Burke ) when details behind her past are uncovered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d42642f6b761dd6fbf11447f884d1d12", "text": "The Great Gatsby (1926 film) The Great Gatsby is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Herbert Brenon . It is the first film adaptation of the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald . Warner Baxter portrayed Jay Gatsby and Lois Wilson as Daisy Buchanan . The film was produced by Famous Players-Lasky , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . The Great Gatsby is now considered lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5028e012da6838cb232e51eb8579c27c", "text": "The Great American Trailer Park Musical The Great American Trailer Park Musical is a two-act musical , written by David Nehls and Betsy Kelso . It explores the relationships between the tenants at the Armadillo Acres Trailer Park in Florida , particularly between Pippi , `` the stripper on the run , '' the Dr. Phil-loving agoraphobic Jeannie , and Jeannie 's tollbooth-collector husband Norbert . It was performed in the first annual New York Music Theater Festival in 2004 and Off-Broadway in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "951f1c8174d31694d3103cef5598aec6", "text": "Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization . The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication . In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) . In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture . With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records . Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4948b407ba268f1a20b6728c3b94159", "text": "Bart the Lover `` Bart the Lover '' is the sixteenth episode of The Simpsons ' third season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 13 , 1992 . In the episode , Edna Krabappel , Bart 's teacher , feels increasingly isolated and , looking for a companion , places a personal ad in the newspaper . Bart , who was given a month 's detention for breaking the class fish tank with his yo-yo , decides to get revenge by responding to the ad . He creates a new adult male alter ego named Woodrow , inspired by a picture of former President Woodrow Wilson , and Mrs. Krabappel becomes infatuated with `` Woodrow '' . Meanwhile , Ned Flanders asks Homer to cut down on his swearing , so Homer starts using a swear jar . The episode was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Carlos Baeza . Vitti had wanted an episode centered on Mrs. Krabappel that examined what it was like to have Bart as a student . It was the first episode of the show to feature her in a prominent role . The subplot where Homer tries to clean up his language was written partially in response to the complaints the show had been getting about the amount of cursing on the show . Woodrow 's voice was performed by Harry Shearer , who did an impression of Ricardo Montalbán . The picture Bart sends Edna is of NHL and WHA star Gordie Howe . The writers had originally wanted to use a picture of American football player Johnny Unitas , but were unable to get the rights to use his image . In its original airing on the Fox Network during February sweeps , the episode had a 12.9 Nielsen rating , finishing the week ranked 29th , up from the season 's average . Marcia Wallace , the voice of Mrs. Krabappel , won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for her role in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e87aeb76aa6e2c813078ed8b25ee20d", "text": "Daisy of Love thumb | right | Daisy de la Hoya attending the premiere of VH1 's `` Daisy of Love '' at My House , Hollywood , CA on April 26 , 2009 Daisy of Love is an American reality television dating show which stars Daisy de la Hoya , Oscar De La Hoya 's niece and also the runner-up of the VH1 reality dating show Rock of Love 2 . The show premiered on April 26 , 2009 , at 9:00 pm ET on VH1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87dbe4eb8f81f04370cb22ca4fc68724", "text": "Eureka: A Prose Poem Eureka ( 1848 ) is a lengthy non-fiction work by American author Edgar Allan Poe ( 1809 -- 1849 ) which he subtitled `` A Prose Poem '' , though it has also been subtitled as `` An Essay on the Material and Spiritual Universe '' . Adapted from a lecture he had presented , Eureka describes Poe 's intuitive conception of the nature of the universe with no antecedent scientific work done to reach his conclusions . He also discusses man 's relationship with God , whom he compares to an author . It is dedicated to the German naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 -- 1859 ) . Though it is generally considered a literary work , some of Poe 's ideas anticipate 20th century scientific discoveries and theories . Indeed a critical analysis of the scientific content of Eureka reveals a non-causal correspondence with modern cosmology due to the assumption of an evolving Universe , but excludes the anachronistic anticipation of relativistic concepts such as black holes . Eureka was received poorly in Poe 's day and generally described as absurd , even by friends . Modern critics continue to debate the significance of Eureka and some doubt its seriousness , in part because of Poe 's many incorrect assumptions and his comedic descriptions of well-known historical minds . It is presented as a poem , and many compare it with his fiction work , especially science fiction stories such as `` The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar '' . His attempts at discovering the truth also follow his own tradition of `` ratiocination '' , a term used in his detective fiction tales . Poe 's suggestion that the soul continues to thrive even after death also parallels with works in which characters reappear from beyond the grave such as `` Ligeia '' . The essay is oddly transcendental , considering Poe 's disdain for that movement . He considered it his greatest work and claimed it was more important than the discovery of gravity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f58162fdad8d83fae3cc8c100e372ce5", "text": "The Golden Time The Golden Time is a 1949 novel by the Canadian author Harold Standish . It tells the story of the McGibbon family of Chatham , Ontario as they struggle with various troubles , including alcoholism , domestic abuse , and their ultimate triumph as owners of a tobacco farm in the countryside near Chatham . The novel was first published by in Toronto by Macmillan in 1949 , and was later reprinted in several paperback editions . Like other novels of the period by such contemporaries of Standish as Morley Callaghan and Hugh Garner , The Golden Time uses terse , straightforward prose reminiscent of social realist genre . As a significant departure from realism , however , the novel uses a number of time-shift sequences to emphasize the connections between the different generations of the McGibbon family . In this sense , the novel can be regarded as a precursor to such modernist Canadian novels as Sheila Watson 's The Double Hook and Hugh MacLennan 's The Watch That Ends the Night ( both published in 1959 ) . The Golden Time was Standish 's first novel . He published just one more novel , Blues for Loretta , in ( 1954 ) before giving up fiction to concentrate on poetry . In his biography of Standish , Douglas Scott quotes the legendary literary critic George Woodcock as saying that The Golden Time is `` a work that makes one wish Standish had turned his pen to fiction more often . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0919e98edcd5ed6dd7f3a9ae18ddcff", "text": "The Messenger Boy The Messenger Boy is a musical comedy in two acts by James T. Tanner and Alfred Murray , lyrics by Adrian Ross and Percy Greenbank , with music by Ivan Caryll and Lionel Monckton , with additional numbers by Paul Rubens . The story concerned a rascally financier who tries to discredit a rival in love . After a tryout in Plymouth , it opened at the Gaiety Theatre in London , managed by George Edwardes , on 3 February 1900 and ran for a very successful 429 performances . Harry Grattan and Edmund Payne starred . Marie Studholme later joined the cast . It had a Broadway run of 128 performances from 16 September 1901 to 4 January 1902 . The director was Herbert Gresham , and the musical director was Louis F. Gottschalk . The cast included Georgia Caine as Nora , Jobyna Howland as Lord Punchestown , May Robson as Mrs. Bang and Flora Zabelle as Isabel Blyth . Rose Boote ( professional name , Miss Rosie Boote ) , who also appeared in the London cast , so charmed Geoffrey Taylour , 4th Marquess of Headfort , that he married her in 1901 . Rose Lady Headfort outlived her husband , dying in 1958 . The young ladies appearing in George Edwardes 's shows became so popular that wealthy gentlemen , termed `` Stage Door Johnnies '' , would wait outside the stage door hoping to escort them to dinner . In some cases , as here , a marriage resulted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867e8184fdc9d637274d4fd4f543c7ce", "text": "Gaiety Girls Gaiety Girls were the chorus girls in Edwardian musical comedies , beginning in the 1890s at the Gaiety Theatre , London , in the shows produced by George Edwardes . The popularity of this genre of musical theatre depended , in part , on the beautiful dancing corps of `` Gaiety Girls '' appearing onstage in bathing attire and in the latest fashions . The 1890s Gaiety Girls were respectable , elegant young ladies , unlike the corseted actresses from London 's earlier musical burlesques . Later , even the stars of these musical comedies were referred to as Gaiety Girls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfa637d6b67157f0ae3a69fd09f1e5a", "text": "Katharine the Great Katharine the Great : Katharine Graham and The Washington Post is an unauthorized biography of Katharine Graham , the newspaper owner , authored by Deborah Davis , and initially released in 1979 . The book was first published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich ( HBJ ) , but they withdrew the book from circulation after a few weeks and returned the rights to Davis after citing that `` certain facts and circumstances have arisen since publication . '' Davis sued HBJ for $ 6 million in 1982 for breach of contract , alleging the recall came after a letter from the Washington Post 's executive editor , Benjamin C. Bradlee to the publisher ; Bradlee called the publication of the book `` completely irresponsible '' and then listed 39 errors where his name appeared . The suit was settled out of court for $ 100,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b846149f630ddc71d8b5643ccaa2caf", "text": "The Confidential Agent The Confidential Agent ( 1939 ) is a thriller novel by British author Graham Greene . Fueled by Benzedrine , Greene wrote it in six weeks . To avoid distraction , he rented a room in Bloomsbury from a landlady who lived in an apartment below him . He used that apartment in the novel ( it 's where D. hides for a day ) and had an affair with the landlady 's daughter . He wrote the book for money and was so displeased with his work that he wanted it published under a pseudonym . But critics took a far different view ; The New York Times , for example , called the novel `` a magnificent tour-de-force . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd897f956619ae765b8dfce3e43ee3c", "text": "Manhattan Transfer (novel) Manhattan Transfer is an American novel by John Dos Passos published in 1925 . It focuses on the development of urban life in New York City from the Gilded Age to the Jazz Age as told through a series of overlapping individual stories . It is considered to be one of Dos Passos ' most important works . The book attacks the consumerism and social indifference of contemporary urban life , portraying a Manhattan that is merciless yet teeming with energy and restlessness . The book shows some of Dos Passos ' experimental writing techniques and narrative collages that would become more pronounced in his U.S.A. trilogy and other later works . The technique in Manhattan Transfer was inspired in part by James Joyce 's Ulysses ( 1922 ) , T. S. Eliot 's The Waste Land , and experiments with film collage by Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein . Sinclair Lewis described it as `` a novel of the very first importance ... The dawn of a whole new school of writing . '' D. H. Lawrence called it `` the best modern book about New York '' he had ever read , describing it as `` a very complete film ... of the vast loose gang of strivers and winners and losers which seems to be the very pep of New York . '' In a blurb for a European edition , Ernest Hemingway wrote that , alone among American writers , Dos Passos has `` been able to show to Europeans the America they really find when they come here . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "757a8ef4ff10e78e3811d4756a691244", "text": "The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond is G. K. Chesterton 's final collection of detective stories , published after his death in 1936 . Of the eight mysteries , seven were first printed in the Storyteller magazine . The Unmentionable Man was unique to the book . The stories revolve around a civil servant named Mr. Pond ( we are not told his first name ) . He is described as a very ordinary and fish-like man who has a habit of startling those who meet him with outrageous paradoxical statements . He seems unaware of the oddness of his remarks , and his friend Sir Hubert Wotton explains : `` he looks a very sedentary , scientific little cuss ... but he 's really had very extraordinary experiences . He does n't talk about them ; he does n't want to talk about them ... but when , in the course of talking in the abstract he comes on some concrete thing that he has actually done -- well , I can only say he crumples it up . He tries to crush it into a small space and it simply sounds contradictory . Almost every one of those crazy sentences simply stands for one of the adventures in what would be called by most people a very unadventurous life . '' Chesterton himself was well known for using paradox in his writings , but in one story he explains that his kind of paradox is different from Mr. Pond 's : Paradox has been defined as `` Truth standing on her head to get attention . '' Paradox has been defended ; on the ground that so many fashionable fallacies still stand firmly on their feet , because they have no heads to stand on . But it must be admitted that writers , like other mendicants and mountebanks , frequently do try to attract attention . They set out conspicuously , in a single line in a play , or at the head or tail of a paragraph , remarks of this challenging kind ; as when Mr. Bernard Shaw wrote : `` The Golden Rule is that there is no Golden Rule '' ; or Oscar Wilde observed : `` I can resist everything except temptation '' ; or a duller scribe ( not to be named with these and now doing penance for his earlier vices in the nobler toil of celebrating the virtues of Mr. Pond ) said in defence of hobbies and amateurs and general duffers like himself : `` If a thing is worth doing , it is worth doing badly . '' To these things do writers sink ; and then the critics tell them that they `` talk for effect '' ; and then the writers answer : `` What the devil else should we talk for ? Ineffectualness ? '' In four of the stories Pond is induced to tell the dramatic tale which lies behind a baffling paradox ; in another , `` Pond the Pantaloon '' , Wotton tells the story . In two more , `` The Crime of Captain Gahagan '' and `` The Terrible Troubadour '' , Pond 's keen mind arrives at the truth when his friend Gahagan is accused of murder . In `` Ring of Lovers '' Gahagan tells a true story and trusts to Pond to guess the secret behind it . These stories written at the end of Chesterton 's career contain narrative stretches and improbabilities , but they do not lack his familiar flashes of insight . In the story The Crime of Captain Gahagan Chesterton observes , through the character of Mr. Pond , that `` Love never needs time . But friendship always needs time . More and more time , until up past midnight . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fca95d818addc5fda54f62f74e1c14a", "text": "The Big Bang Theory (season 2) The second season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory was originally aired on CBS from September 22 , 2008 , to May 11 , 2009 , over 23 episodes . The Complete Season DVD was released September 15 , 2009 , and a Blu-ray version was reissued on July 10 , 2012 , with remastered surround sound audio , whereas the DVD version only had stereo . Season two starts immediately after the end of season one with Leonard and Penny 's date . Jim Parsons submitted the episode `` The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis '' for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards . In 2009 , TV Guide ranked the episode the # 60 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes . Christine Baranski submitted the episode `` The Maternal Capacitance '' for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702dbf4febd6f7c34ee9b380e211abf5", "text": "The Baddies `` The Baddies '' is an episode of the award-winning British comedy television series The Goodies . This episode is also known as `` The Nicest Person in the World '' and `` Double Trouble '' and as `` Bad Copies '' . Written by The Goodies , with songs and music by Bill Oddie .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fec9898b1ed5ec6ff3421838dd3c4a6b", "text": "Man of Steel (film) Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film featuring the DC Comics character Superman . It is a British-American venture produced by Legendary Pictures , DC Entertainment , Syncopy Inc. , and Cruel and Unusual Films , and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe . The film is directed by Zack Snyder , written by David S. Goyer , and stars Henry Cavill , Amy Adams , Michael Shannon , Kevin Costner , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , Antje Traue , Ayelet Zurer , Christopher Meloni , and Russell Crowe . Man of Steel is a reboot of the Superman film series that retells the character 's origin story . In the film , Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton and assumes the role of mankind 's protector as Superman , but finds himself having to prevent General Zod from destroying humanity . Development began in 2008 , when Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers , screenwriters and directors , opting to reboot the franchise . In 2009 , a court ruling resulted in Jerry Siegel 's family recapturing the rights to Superman 's origins and Siegel 's copyright . The decision stated that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films , but if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011 , then the Shuster and Siegel estates would be able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film . Producer Christopher Nolan pitched Goyer 's idea after story discussion on The Dark Knight Rises , and Snyder was hired as the film 's director in October 2010 . Principal photography began in August 2011 in West Chicago , Illinois , before moving to Vancouver and Plano , Illinois . Man of Steel was released in theaters on June 14 , 2013 , in conventional 2D , 3D , and IMAX formats . Despite receiving mixed reviews , the film became a box office success , grossing over $ 668 million worldwide . Critics praised the film 's visuals , action sequences , and Hans Zimmer 's musical score but criticized its pacing and lack of character development . A follow-up , Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice was released on March 25 , 2016 while a standalone Superman sequel is in active development .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68ab5a21d7761e2d6929d8e22b926889", "text": "Steel (1979 film) Steel is a 1979 drama film starring and executive produced by Lee Majors . It was filmed in Lexington , Kentucky and the surrounding Fayette County . The film was directed by Steve Carver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d507ae03882e89631aea1c9f28e5a7e", "text": "New Boston, Michigan New Boston is an unincorporated community in Huron Charter Township , Wayne County , in the U.S. state of Michigan . Huron Township includes three separate communities : the largest community is New Boston ; south of New Boston , Willow and Waltz are smaller , newer communities being developed with new subdivisions . The Huron River runs just south of downtown New Boston . Huron Township is just south of Romulus , Michigan , and is just west of Flat Rock , Michigan . Interstate 275 ( I-275 ) passes through the middle of the community with three exits providing easy access . Exits off I-275 are Sibley , South Huron , and Will-Carleton roads , the latter being the southern-most exit . New Boston was first settled in 1827 and was originally called `` Catville '' after the initials of the proprietor , C. A. Trowbridge . It received a post office with that name in 1860 . On March 20 , 1868 , it was renamed New Boston , after Boston , Massachusetts . New Boston is home to Gibbs Sweet Station and Mc Nasty 's Saloon . Mary Anne 's Family Diner once used to thrive , but recently closed . New Boston also hosts an Apple Fest every October . Huron River Drive is closed every year just for the Apple Festival , which includes a parade , lots of shopping booths , great food , and live entertainment . Huron High School is also located in the area . New Boston 's assets include open land , proximity to Detroit Metro Airport , and easy access to I-275 and I-94 . In addition , there are three major metro parks in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "693b9fa6a8a4f52652b153812b5d6fbd", "text": "State Street Block (Boston) State Street Block ( built 1857 ) is a granite building near the waterfront in the Financial District of Boston , Massachusetts . Architect Gridley James Fox Bryant designed it . In the 1850s `` the Long and Central Wharf Corporation ... sold each bay to individual owners , requiring that ` the granite to be used for the sidewalk & facade of each bay must be purchased from the Corporation & erected according to the architect 's plan . ' '' Walt Whitman visited Boston in 1860 , and wrote about what he saw : `` Noblest of all State Street Block , east of the Custom House , rough granite . The above probably one of the finest pieces of com -LSB- merical -RSB- architecture in the world . '' Another visitor travelling through Boston ( in 1859 ) called it `` a magnificent block . '' In the mid-20th century , `` nearly three-quarters of the original 22-bay building ... was amputated for construction of the Central Artery ... and the roofline of the remainder has been destroyed . '' The surviving portion of the block was added as part of the Custom House District to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5839f0cc214d75930bb092f16ce6f3", "text": "Men of Steel (1926 film) Men of Steel is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by George Archainbaud and starring Milton Sills , Doris Kenyon and May Allison . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Milton Menasco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04cec73ad09cef056c185ba73df40cd8", "text": "Commonwealth Armory The Commonwealth Armory was a Massachusetts Army National Guard armory . It was built at the intersection of Harry Agganis Way and Commonwealth Avenue in Boston , Massachusetts in 1914-1915 for Troops A , B , C , and D of the First Squadron Cavalry , Battery A of the Massachusetts Field Artillery , the Field Hospital Corps , Ambulance Corps , and the Signal Corps . During its life , it was home to military units , a concert by The Who in October 1969 , and anti-war demonstrations . It was demolished in 2002 and replaced by the Agganis Arena in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124f41b6cff3bee6a0dd90281cf8c739", "text": "Newton Upper Falls Newton Upper Falls is a village situated on the east bank of the Charles River in the city of Newton , Massachusetts , in the United States . The area borders Needham , Massachusetts to the south/southwest , Wellesley , Massachusetts to the west , the West Roxbury neighborhood of Boston to the extreme southeast , and the Newton villages of Waban , Newton Highlands and Newton Center to the north and east . The village is served partially by Eliot `` T '' station , part of the Green Line `` D '' Branch of the MBTA , with rapid light rail service inbound into downtown Boston and outbound to Riverside . Major roads that serve the village are Route 128 , and Route 9 ( Boylston Street ) , which provides a direct , 6 mile commute into downtown Boston . Newton 's first mill on the Charles River was built in 1688 in Upper Falls . Over the next 150 years , the water power available at Upper Falls led to the village 's steady growth as many more mills were built along that stretch of the river . By 1850 the village had 1300 inhabitants which was 25 % of the entire population of Newton . Newton Upper Falls is home to the Hemlock Gorge and Echo Bridge , a large aqueduct turned pedestrian walkway over the Charles River . It is said to be the only village that has retained its original name from when the area was founded in the 17th century . It has over 150 homes on the historic register despite its small area . In 1909 , a Roman Catholic church called Mary Immaculate of Lourdes opened in Upper Falls . Sullivan Avenue , an unpaved private road in Newton Upper Falls is the last remaining portion of the ancient highway connecting Boston and Cambridge with Newton and points west in the 17th century ( back then it was called Cambridge Village ) . Also on Sullivan Avenue is a famous pothole ; not the kind you avoid with your car , but a geological anomaly where a boulder that was originally pushed down the cliff by a now extinct waterfall got caught and became round . The boulder spun around in its place carving a shaft over thousands of years . Since then half the shaft collapsed and now all that can be seen is half of a cylindrical shaft through the cliff at the corner of Sullivan and Elliot Streets . A 60 acre area , including much of the area between Route 9 and Elliot Street , and east from the Charles River to Cottage Street and Hickory Cliff Road , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4091f49b46e3fdf12d307741e295a856", "text": "Atlantic Northeast The Atlantic Northeast is a region of North America , which includes the US states of Connecticut , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , New Hampshire , Vermont , and Maine , as well as the Canadian Maritimes . The Atlantic Northeast region is noted for its cultural unity , stark climate , landscape of dense forests , and a shared economic history in the exploitation of logging and the regional fishery . Further uniting this area is the `` Gray Zone '' which is an area of land and sea which is claimed by both Canada and the United States . It is located off the coasts of New Brunswick and Maine . The only land within this area are two islands , Machias Seal Island and North Rock . The `` Gray Zone '' is one of four areas between the two countries whose sovereignty is still in dispute , but is the only one of the disputed areas containing land . In 1979 , both countries filed a joint application to the International Court of Justice to avoid having the dispute settled when oceanic boundaries in the area were set for mineral and fishing rights . Canadians have had a continuous presence in the area since 1832 when a lighthouse was built . Since the Atlantic Northeast is such a large region , it is home to many different types of wildlife , sports teams , and geographical locations . The Atlantic Northeast is home to the Boston Celtics , Boston Bruins , New England Patriots , Halifax Hurricanes , Boston Red Sox and many more . It also includes many notable species including the Bald Eagle , Atlantic Salmon , and the Swamp Pink . Lastly , the Atlantic Northeast includes many geographical places of interest including the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument and Salem , Massachusetts , home of the Salem Witch Trials . Though cross-border connections are widely acknowledged , the area has rarely been given a single name . `` Atlantic Northeast '' is a term that has been used most prominently in discussions of regional folk culture , another name that is used is Atlantica . '' These names are often tied to various proposals for greater economic or political integration of the region", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee68c360d9c2be18c287212d0332de97", "text": "Hynes Convention Center The John B. Hynes Veterans Memorial Convention Center located in Boston was built in 1988 from a design by architects Kallmann , McKinnell & Wood . It replaced the John B. Hynes Memorial Auditorium , also a convention center , built in 1963 during the Massachusetts Turnpike expansion from Route 128 to the Central Artery , which was regarded as `` ungainly '' . The 1988 design `` attempted to relate in scale and materials to its Back Bay setting , adopting granite and setbacks ... The severe gray interior is reminiscent of an early 20th-century German railroad station '' . The Center is named after former Boston mayor John Hynes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c6ac5f4789c039a00666d5f0fa1fbfb", "text": "North Station North Station is a major transportation hub located at Causeway and Nashua Streets in Boston , Massachusetts , United States . It is one of the city 's two inbound terminals for Amtrak and MBTA Commuter Rail trains , the other being South Station . The main concourse of North Station is located at the street level immediately below TD Garden , a major sports venue in Boston that is home to the Boston Bruins hockey team and the Boston Celtics basketball team . The arena is also used for rock concerts and other events , taking advantage of the extensive transportation connections at the site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68c4dee56f5c59f18cd7c607c347788c", "text": "Boston Braves (AHL) The Boston Braves were a professional ice hockey team in Boston , Massachusetts . They were a member of the American Hockey League from 1971 to 1974 . The early 1970s saw an unprecedented boom in the popularity of hockey in the greater Boston area , fuelled by the success of the Bobby Orr and Phil Esposito-led Boston Bruins . The Bruins had sold out all of their home games at the Boston Garden for years , and the team owners thought that placing their minor-league affiliate in the same arena , made sense on several levels . Previously , the Bruins ' top affiliates were the Hershey Bears of the AHL and the Oklahoma City Blazers of the Central Hockey League . The team was named after the eponymous National League baseball team that had played in Boston until 1953 -- which had been owned by Charles F. Adams , founder of the Bruins , during the 1930s . The first season of the AHL Braves , under coach Bep Guidolin , was wildly successful . Behind a powerful club led by future NHLstars Dan Bouchard and Rich Leduc , and with other veteran minor-leaguers and future NHL players such as Doug Roberts , Ross Brooks , Nick Beverley , Garry Peters and Don Tannahill , the club tied for first place in its division with the powerful Nova Scotia Voyageurs with a 41-21-14 mark , while proving popular enough in Boston to set league records for single-game and single-season attendance that survived for decades . In its second season , however , competition from the WHA 's New England Whalers served to saturate the market . Furthermore , NHL expansion cost the team its best player , Bouchard , who had been picked by the Atlanta Flames , while WHA defections caused the recall of Brooks to the parent club and the departure of Roberts and Peters to the rival league . While scoring declined only slightly , the defense was notably poorer . The team still finished second in the division with a 34-29-13 mark , but attendance had nearly halved . In the Braves ' third and final season , the defense collapsed to the point where the team finished out of the playoffs after a 23-40-13 record . With attendance dwindling further and the ebbing of the hockey boom itself in New England , Bruins ' management decided to suspend the team ; the next season saw the Bruins affiliating with the Rochester Americans . The Bruins maintained the franchise 's existence for many years , paying a nominal fee to the league to keep it dormant , finally selling its rights to the Winnipeg Jets in 1987 so that the Jets could move it to the Maritimes to become the Moncton Hawks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129aea31b6b95b93e6019d450e8284ab", "text": "Commonwealth Steel Company Commonwealth Steel Company was an American steel company based in Granite City , Illinois and founded in 1901 `` by some of the young men who had helped establish the American Steel Foundry . '' The company produced steel castings and railroad supplies at its 10 acre plant , employing about 1,500 people . Over the years , the company 's innovative steel castings products made Commonwealth an increasingly important manufacturer and supplier to the rail industry . By 1928 `` practically all locomotives and passenger cars built in the United States '' were using Commonwealth products . The significance of the company to the rail industry became evident when two locomotive manufacturers , and customers of Commonwealth , Baldwin Locomotive Company and American Locomotive Company , formed General Steel Castings Corporation in 1928 and acquired Commonwealth and its products in 1929 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3e28fe30d7899bca394f94980a3c487", "text": "Minuteman Bikeway The Minuteman Bikeway is a 10-mile ( 16-kilometre ) paved multi-use rail trail located in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts . It runs from Bedford to Alewife station , passing through Lexington and Arlington along the way . -RCB- | -RCB- | -RCB- The Minuteman Bikeway runs from Bedford to the Alewife station at the northern end of the Red Line in Cambridge . It passes through the towns of Lexington and Arlington on the way . Also along the route are several notable regional sites , including Alewife Brook Reservation , Spy Pond , `` Arlington 's Great Meadows '' ( actually located in Lexington ) , the Battle Green in Lexington , and Hanscom Air Force Base . At its Cambridge terminus , the bikeway connects with four other bike paths : the Fitchburg Cutoff Path the Cambridge Linear Park which , in turn , leads to the Somerville Community Path . the Alewife Brook Greenway , a connection to the Mystic River bike path , following Alewife Brook . The Alewife Brook extension received $ 4M from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 as the `` Minuteman Bikepath Connector '' project . a sidewalk path to Fresh Pond Reservation . Plans are underway to extend the Somerville Community Path to downtown Boston , which would create a much larger continuous bikeway accessible from the Minuteman . At the Bedford end , the Minuteman Bikeway connects with the Narrow Gauge Rail Trail and the Reformatory Branch Rail Trail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fe87dffebba5afa217a94590cf66a4", "text": "Bill Cracks Down Bill Cracks Down is a 1937 American film directed by William Nigh . The film is also known as Men of Steel in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a15f1b8bbcd5fdd67f2ec8bed143018", "text": "Brackenridge Works Brackenridge Works is a steel mill facility owned by Allegheny Technologies and operated by subsidiary Allegheny Ludlum in the Pittsburgh suburbs of Brackenridge and Natrona , Pennsylvania in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21314f8edf8a6b8ffd73b6a08c92fcb2", "text": "Steel Valley (Pittsburgh) The Southern Steel Valley is the area of post-industrial and industrial concentration along the upper Ohio River valley as well as the Monongahela River all the way to the West Virginia border . It has also included most of the Allegheny River , Beaver River and Youghiogheny River valleys . Most of the Pittsburgh metro area is considered part of `` Steel Valley '' , as well as most of the Weirton-Steubenville-Wheeling Ohio/West Virginia , Morgantown/Fairmont West Virginia and East Liverpool/Youngstown/Mercer / New Castle Ohio and Pennsylvania metro areas . To locals in these regions the `` Steel Valley '' refers to towns and cities along the river shore , the school district and valley areas and not always the suburbs and cities at higher elevations , though the term has been used for the entire region . The Youngstown area of Ohio ( as well as the Wheeling/Steubenville/Weirton area ) though geographically and demographically connected to the `` Steel Valley '' retain many distinctions from the Steel Valley centered in Pittsburgh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3e563e77d1c45acdd83e7f82860147a", "text": "33 Arch Street 33 Arch Street is a contemporary highrise in the Financial District and Downtown Crossing neighborhoods of Boston , Massachusetts . The building was completed in 2004 after three years of construction , which began on June 5 , 2001 . It is tied with the State Street Bank Building as Boston 's 20th-tallest building , standing 477 feet ( 145 m ) tall , and housing 33 floors . The 33rd floor is 392 feet ( 119 m ) above grade and the top of the cooling tower screen is 429 feet ( 131 m ) above grade . It was designed by Elkus Manfredi Architects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b", "text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f242fefc1e7f120b56babd030dc19881", "text": "Boston Road, Springfield, Massachusetts Boston Road is Springfield , Massachusetts 's principal commercial and retail corridor . The Boston Road neighborhood is located on the eastern edge of the city , beginning about five miles from Metro Center . It is a medium-sized Springfield neighborhood , containing 727 acre plus rights-of-way and water bodies . Principal boundaries are the Boston & Albany Railroad to the north ; the North Branch of the Mill River to the south ; the Town of Wilbraham to the east ; and Cobb and Methuen Streets to the west . Boston Road remains a commercial stronghold , home to the fully occupied Eastfield Mall , various big box stores , a movie theater , and a branch of Hampden Bank . Just across from the above-mentioned Hampden Bank , Springfield city parks including Five Mile Pond and Loon Pond provide places to swim , fish , boat , and picnic . The High School of Science & Technology and the controversially renovated Putnam Vocational High School are located in this neighborhood . The neighborhood also features numerous local and chain restaurants , not to mention a handful of independently owned restaurants and bars . Overall , Springfield 's Boston Road is one of the city 's most eclectic neighborhoods , functioning as a car-oriented version of Metro Center . Whereas one does not need a car to shop and enjoy Springfield 's compact Metro Center , a car is a necessity for use along Boston Road .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "06f40758d315932b8fc496d2687a0201", "text": "Beyoncé Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( -LSB- biːˈjɒnseɪ -RSB- born September 4 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny 's Child . Managed by her father , Mathew Knowles , the group became one of the world 's best-selling girl groups of all time . Their hiatus saw Beyoncé 's theatrical film debut in Austin Powers in Goldmember ( 2002 ) and the release of her debut album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) , which established her as a solo artist worldwide , earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Crazy in Love '' and `` Baby Boy '' . Following the disbandment of Destiny 's Child in 2006 , she released her second solo album , B'Day ( 2006 ) , which contained the top-ten hits `` Déjà Vu '' , `` Irreplaceable '' , and `` Beautiful Liar '' . Beyoncé also continued her acting career , with starring roles in The Pink Panther ( 2006 ) , Dreamgirls ( 2006 ) , and Obsessed ( 2009 ) . Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records ( 2008 ) influenced her third album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) , which saw the introduction of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010 , including Song of the Year for `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' . Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career ; her fourth album 4 ( 2011 ) was subsequently mellower in tone , exploring 1970s funk , 1980s pop , and 1990s soul . Her critically acclaimed fifth album , Beyoncé ( 2013 ) , was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes . With the release of the widely acclaimed Lemonade ( 2016 ) , Beyoncé became the first artist to have their first six studio albums debut at number one on the Billboard 200 chart . Throughout her career , she has sold over 100 million records as a solo artist , and a further 60 million with Destiny 's Child , making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time . She has won 22 Grammy Awards and is the most nominated woman in the award 's history . She is the most awarded artist at the MTV Video Music Awards , with 24 wins . The Recording Industry Association of America recognized her as the Top Certified Artist in America during the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2009 , Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade , the Top Female Artist of the 2000s ( decade ) and awarded her their Millennium Award in 2011 . In 2014 , she became the highest-paid black musician in history and was listed among Time 's 100 most influential people in the world for a second year in a row . Forbes listed her as the most powerful female in entertainment of 2015 , and in 2016 she occupied the sixth place for Person of the Year .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a4c5695c7429e9f2b1e42ed22d53383", "text": "Sugar Symphony Sugar Symphony is the debut extended play ( EP ) by American recording duo Chloe x Halle . It was released under Parkwood Entertainment , under exclusive license to Columbia Records , on April 29 , 2016 . The EP was their first official release since being signed by Beyoncé . The EP features their debut single , `` Drop '' . The music video for the single was directed by Andrew Hines , and currently has over two million views on YouTube . In March 2016 , Michelle Obama introduced Chloe and Halle at the White House Easter Egg Roll , where they performed `` Fall '' from the EP , alongside Michelle Obama 's `` This Is For My Girls '' and an unreleased track , `` Baby Bird '' . In June , they performed `` Drop '' at the YouTube Music Foundry in New York City , and later in the month at the BET Awards 2016 in Los Angeles . In July , they performed songs from the EP as a support act for the European leg of Beyoncé 's The Formation World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9f45fd32ad6ee8e13e09cea6305074d", "text": "Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia . Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2b3b17bfb490711d98dc6be2fcb9074", "text": "Upgrade U `` Upgrade U '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her second studio album B'Day ( 2006 ) . The song features additional vocals from American rapper Jay-Z . It was composed by Swizz Beatz , Cameron Wallace , Beyoncé , MK , Makeba , Sean Garrett , Angela Beyincé , Jay-Z , Willie Clarke , Clarence Reid , and Beyoncé 's sister , Solange . Columbia Records released `` Upgrade U '' as a promotional single on November 27 , 2006 in the United States only . `` Upgrade U '' draws from the genres of hip hop and contemporary R&B . The concept of the song revolves around a woman offering luxuries to a man to upgrade his lifestyle . `` Upgrade U '' was generally well received by music critics , some praising Knowles ' assertiveness while singing about her desire to give luxuries to her man . Many also praised the natural chemistry that Knowles and Jay-Z have in the song . After the release of B'Day , `` Upgrade U '' started to gain popularity on R&B and hip hop radio stations in the United States . This prompted its pre-release debut on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and later on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart ; after its promotional release , the song peaked at number 11 and at number 59 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and the Hot 100 charts respectively . The music video for the song was directed by Melina Matsoukas , and took one and a half days of shooting . Knowles did an impersonation of Jay-Z in the clip and is also seen amidst gold watches and jewelry , continuing the motif of luxury that is alluded to in the song . It finally emerged as the forty-fifth best R&B / Hip-Hop song of 2007 in the United States . Although Knowles did not perform `` Upgrade U '' in any televised appearances , the song was a part of her set list on The Beyoncé Experience tour ( 2007 ) , and I Am ... Tour ( 2009 -- 10 ) , as well as her and Jay Z 's joint On the Run Tour ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c1752e7659633a7ece2625918de34b1", "text": "R&B Divas R&B Divas may refer to : R&B Divas : Atlanta , which was originally named R&B Divas R&B Divas : Los Angeles , a spin-off R&B Divas ( album ) , an album led by American recording artist Faith Evans , produced in conjunction with the television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6dd3503fa60361c27e74af8d3fad187", "text": "Siedah Garrett Siedah Garrett ( born June 24 , 1960 ) is an American singer and songwriter , who has written songs and performed backing vocals for many recording artists in the music industry , such as Michael Jackson , The Pointer Sisters , Brand New Heavies , Quincy Jones , Tevin Campbell , Donna Summer , Madonna , Jennifer Hudson among others . Garrett has been nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Original Song , and won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 50th Grammy Awards for co-writing `` Love You I Do '' ( performed by Jennifer Hudson ) for the 2006 musical film , Dreamgirls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e11e839dd1f904b96d03d4a19249c0f", "text": "Mama's Gun Mama 's Gun is the second studio album by American neo soul singer Erykah Badu . It was recorded between 1999 and 2000 at Electric Lady Studios in New York and released on November 21 , 2000 , by Motown Records . A neo soul album , Mama 's Gun incorporates funk , soul , and jazz styles . It has confessional lyrics by Badu , which cover themes of insecurity , social issues and personal relationships . The album has been viewed by critics as a female companion to neo soul artist D'Angelo 's second album Voodoo ( 2000 ) , which features a similar musical style and direction . Critics have also noted that while Baduizm contained its share of cryptic lyricism , Mama 's Gun is much more direct in its approach , and places the artist in a subjective position more than its predecessor . The album contains the single `` Bag Lady '' , Badu 's first top 10 Billboard hit , which was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best R&B Song . The song `` Did n't Cha Know ? '' was also nominated for Best R&B Song . The album features substantial contributions from several members of the Soulquarians outfit , of which Badu was a member . It also features guests such as soul singer Betty Wright and trumpeter Roy Hargrove . Mama 's Gun was met with great critical success and sold strongly , reaching Platinum two months after its release . Thematically the album explores topics regarding self-esteem , relationship breakdowns , and police brutality , and features a more eclectic sound than its predecessor . Rolling Stone magazine named it one of the Top 10 Albums of 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0a7c5eb81a1d0ca50a2e3c0b82b13c4", "text": "Alexandra Burke discography The discography of British R&B and pop recording artist Alexandra Burke , which consists of one studio album , seven singles as a main artist , two as a featured artist and nine music videos . All songs which have been released under the recording label of Sony BMG and Syco Music . Alexandra made her debut in 2008 when she auditioned for British reality talent show , The X Factor during the fifth series , and ultimately won the show on 12 December 2008 . During the series she dueted with Beyoncé Knowles on Knowles ' `` Listen '' . After winning the show , she instantly had a record deal with Sony BMG and Syco Music and released debut single , `` Hallelujah '' . `` Hallelujah '' peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart . The song became the current European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 copies in one day . It was also the top-selling song of the year in the UK , and became the 2008 UK Christmas number one single . By January 2009 , UK sales of Burke 's version had passed one million copies , a first for a British female soloist . The music video for the song was directed by Max and Dania who directed the charity single Burke released with fellow X Factor Finalists 2008 , `` Hero '' which also charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart . Burke returned in late 2009 with follow up single , `` Bad Boys '' which featured vocals from American rapper , Flo Rida . She performed the song on the first live show of the sixth series of The X Factor . The R&B single debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart as well as Burke gaining international success with the single . `` Bad Boys '' went on to gain a Platinum certification and Burke was nominated for a BRIT Award , it was the second time Burke was nominated for the Best British Single , first time with `` Hallelujah '' . In the UK , `` Bad Boys '' is the 18th Biggest Download of all time . She released her debut album Overcome in October 2009 . It was described as `` edgy '' and `` beaty '' . The album was said to resemble artists such as Rihanna or Lady Gaga . Upon the release of the album , the album went straight to number one on the UK Albums Chart selling 132,065 in its first week . Its first-week numbers were the fourth largest first-week sales by a female artist in 2009 behind releases by Susan Boyle , Lily Allen and Leona Lewis and was the twenty-second best-selling album of 2009 , and the forty-third best-selling album of 2010 . The album spent 60 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by The British Recorded Music Industry for shipments over 600,000 copies . `` Broken Heels '' was released as the album third single and `` All Night Long '' featuring Pitbull as the fourth . `` All Night Long '' received a platinum certification and Burke was nominated for another BRIT Award in 2010 . `` Start Without You '' was released in mid-2010 and the song went on to top the UK Singles Chart , `` The Silence '' was released as the final single from the album . Work began in 2011 on a second studio album , titled Heartbreak on Hold - was released on the 4 June 2012 . The lead single , `` Elephant '' - featuring Erick Morillo - was released on 11 March 2012 through RCA Records , where it debuted at number three in the United Kingdom ; marking Burke 's sixth top ten single as a solo artist . A second single , `` Let It Go '' was released and underperformed peaking at 33 . The album then debuted and peaked at 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278088df63d33203bb8c0bf0b233a87a", "text": "Party (Beyoncé song) `` Party '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album , 4 ( 2011 ) . It features guest vocals from American rapper André 3000 and uncredited vocals from Kanye West , and was released by Columbia Records as the fourth single from 4 on August 30 , 2011 . The song was written by Kanye West , Jeff Bhasker and Beyoncé , with the production being handled by Beyoncé and West and was co-produced by Bhasker . A midtempo R&B song , `` Party '' exhibits elements of the 1980s funk and soul music , and samples the 1985 song `` La Di Da Di '' , written by Dexter Mills , Douglas Davis and Ricky Walters . It recalls the work of New Edition and Prince , among others . Built on a 808-retro beat , multi-tracked harmonies , and a smooth groove , the song 's instrumentation includes slow-bouncing synthesizers , keyboard tones , and drums . Lyrically , `` Party '' gives ode to political themes such as feminism and sexual empowerment . In his rap verses , André 3000 references milk and gets philosophical about his own career . `` Party '' was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 54th Grammy Awards . The song reached number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . It debuted on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart in July 2011 , and peaked at number 2 on the chart for three consecutive weeks . Following the release of 4 , `` Party '' charted at number 19 on the South Korea Gaon International Singles Chart . `` Party '' was part of Beyoncé 's set list for her 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé and the Revel Presents : Beyoncé Live residency shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecfad345560f9cd32546a5e543d9b87f", "text": "Popstars – Du bist mein Traum In summer 2001 the German version of Popstars returned with a second installment of the series , this time searching for a mixed-gender musical R&B group . More than 11,000 hopeful singers attended open television auditions in Frankfurt , Cologne , Berlin , Stuttgart , Hamburg , and Munich , conducted by choreographer Detlef `` D ! '' Soost , producer Alex Christensen , and singer and radio host Noah Sow . Over the course of several recalls and re-recalls the three judges and vocal coach Artemis Gounaki reduced the contestants to a group of 32 who immediately travelled to Ibiza , Spain to get trained in singing , dancing , and fitness . In the end three females and five males remained who again moved into a loft in Munich to start working on their performance and publicity skills . During a special episode on 11 November 2001 , judges Soost and Christensen eventually disclosed that Ross Antony , Hila Bronstein , Shaham Joyce , Faiz-Kevin Mangat , Verena `` Indira '' Weis , and Giovanni Zarrella were chosen to become part of the multicultural group Bro'Sis . The contestant became part of the winning band Bro'Sis . The contestant made it to the final eight . Title translation : You Are My DreamWinning band : Bro'SisJudges : Alex Christensen , Detlef Soost , Noah SowCoaches : Artemis Gounaki , D. Soost", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a028d29c676aa945e0e3ecd4aa13bbbd", "text": "Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b01eee1f64932ccb5b5d91011488bd14", "text": "House of Deréon House of Deréon was a ready-to-wear fashion line introduced by singer and actress Beyoncé and her mother/stylist Tina Knowles . The style and concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family , with the name `` Deréon '' paying tribute to Beyoncé 's maternal grandmother , Agnèz Deréon ( Mother of Tina Knowles ) . As of 2012 the junior line Deréon has been discontinued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c27f8800770564f17149d9f6189249ab", "text": "BET Awards 2014 The 2014 BET Awards were held at the Nokia Theatre L.A. Live in Los Angeles , California on June 29 , 2014 . Chris Rock was unveiled as the host for the upcoming BET Awards on May 14 during the network 's 106 & Park music video countdown show . Beyoncé lead the nominations with 6 , followed by Jay-Z with 5 . Drake , Pharrell Williams and August Alsina were tied for 4 . Beyoncé was the big winner of the night winning 3 BET Awards , while Nicki Minaj , Drake , August Alsina and Pharrell Williams with 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2661a0d3777fe91688a3d4ed62228424", "text": "Let's Move! Flash Workout Let 's Move ! Flash Workout initiative by Beyoncé Knowles is a part of a larger Let 's Move ! campaign to end childhood obesity in the United States . The campaign was started by First Lady Michelle Obama . The Let 's Move ! Initiative has the goal of `` solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation so that children born today will reach adulthood at a healthy weight '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fe99093a2d57e3414e66e8c19270740", "text": "Knowles (singer) Knowles ( born Jeanne Ingabire Buteru '' ' on 1 October 1990 ) is a Rwandan singer . Her stage name is taken from American R&B vocalist Beyoncé Knowles . Butera writes many of her own songs and is known as a strong entertainer , famous for her dancing and beauty . Her songs touch on such themes as romantic relationships , societal issues and daily life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd97e0ab78f62d86c2603b8a617f62d", "text": "Young Divas Young Divas was an Australian pop girl group , which formed in 2006 by Sony BMG Australia initially for a one-off single and national tour to promote all members as solo artists . The original line up consisted of former Australian Idol contestants , including season one finalist Paulini , season two contestant Ricki-Lee Coulter , season three winner Kate DeAraugo and runner-up Emily Williams . Young Divas released a cover of `` This Time I Know It 's for Real '' to attract attention for the tour . The song peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) . A cover of `` Happenin ' All Over Again '' was later released as their second single , which peaked at number nine and was certified gold . Due to their commercial success , Sony BMG decided that the Young Divas would record a full-length album of classic disco and pop covers titled , Young Divas , in November 2006 . The album debuted at number four on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum . In June 2007 , Coulter parted ways with the group to resume her solo music career and was replaced by season four runner-up Jessica Mauboy . Young Divas released their second album New Attitude in November 2007 , which debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold . The album 's lead single `` Turn Me Loose '' ( featuring rapper Savage ) reached number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart . In 2008 , Young Divas officially disbanded with all members resuming their solo music careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915b766de28133a6982b7d2d3f4d137f", "text": "The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57bef8f8c913443a22a19624f76025d5", "text": "The Fighting Temptations The Fighting Temptations is a 2003 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Lynn , written by Elizabeth Hunter and Saladin K. Patterson , and distributed by Paramount Pictures and MTV Films . The main plot revolves around Darrin Hill ( Cuba Gooding Jr. ) who travels to his hometown of Monte Carlo , Georgia as he attempts to revive a church choir in order to enter a gospel competition with the help of a beautiful lounge singer , Lilly ( Beyoncé ) , with whom he falls in love . Through the choir 's music , Darrin brings the church community back together all the while seeking a relationship with Lilly . The film is notable for its soundtrack and ensemble cast . The film received mixed reviews upon release .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f05f6e9a21a9c7ff937470dbde0e7527", "text": "Mariah Carey Mariah Carey ( born March 27 , 1969 or 1970 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . In 1990 , she rose to fame with the release of `` Vision of Love '' from her eponymous debut album . The album produced four chart-topping singles in the US and began what would become a string of commercially successful albums which solidified the singer as Columbias highest selling act . Carey and Boyz II Men spent a record sixteen weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995 -- 96 with `` One Sweet Day , '' which remains the longest-running number-one song in US chart history . Following a contentious divorce from Sony Music head Tommy Mottola , Carey adopted a new image and traversed towards hip hop with the release of Butterfly ( 1997 ) . In 1998 , she was honored as the world 's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards and subsequently named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000 . Carey parted with Columbia in 2000 , and signed a record-breaking $ 100 million recording contract with Virgin Records America . In the weeks prior to the release of her film Glitter and its accompanying soundtrack in 2001 , she suffered a physical and emotional breakdown and was hospitalized for severe exhaustion . The project was poorly received and led to a general decline in the singer 's career . Carey 's recording contract was bought out for $ 50 million by Virgin and she signed a multi-million dollar deal with Island Records the following year . After a relatively unsuccessful period , she returned to the top of music charts with The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . The album became the best-selling album in the US and the second best-seller worldwide in 2005 and produced `` We Belong Together , '' which became her most successful single of the 2000s , and was later named `` Song of the Decade '' by Billboard . Carey once again ventured into film with a well-received supporting role in Precious ( 2009 ) , and was awarded the `` Breakthrough Performance Award '' at the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Throughout her career , Carey has sold more than 200 million records worldwide , making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time . According to the RIAA , she is the third-best-selling female artist in the United States , with 63.5 million certified albums . With the release of `` Touch My Body '' ( 2008 ) , Carey gained her 18th number-one single in the United States , more than any other solo artist . In 2012 , the singer was ranked second on VH1 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Women in Music . '' Aside from her commercial accomplishments , Carey has won 5 Grammy Awards , 19 World Music Awards , 11 American Music Awards , and 14 Billboard Music Awards and has been consistently credited with inspiring a generation of singers . Referred to as the `` songbird supreme '' by the Guinness World Records , she has a five-octave vocal range , power , melismatic style and signature use of the whistle register .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a42c1d08b0796af78dc95be4fb2a093", "text": "Columbia Records Columbia Records ( also known simply as Columbia ) is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment ( SME ) , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. , the United States division of Sony Corporation . It was founded in 1887 , evolving from an earlier enterprise named the American Graphophone Company , the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company . Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business , being the second major record company to produce recorded records . Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of notable singers , instrumentalists , and bands . From 1961 to 1990 , its recordings were released outside the U.S. and Canada under the CBS Records name ( named after the Columbia Broadcasting System ) to avoid confusion with the label of the same name owned by EMI , before adopting the Columbia name internationally in 1990 . It is one of Sony Music 's three flagship record labels , alongside RCA Records and Epic Records . Until 1989 , Columbia Records had no connection to Columbia Pictures , which used various names for record labels that they owned , including Colpix Records , Colgems Records , Bell Records and later Arista Records . Rather , as above , it was a division of CBS ( the Columbia Broadcasting System ) , a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938 , and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself . Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group ( BMG ) , it would later become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music . Both Columbia Records and Columbia Pictures are connected through their parent company Sony Corporation of America , which is the parent of both the music and motion picture arms of Sony in the United States . Artists that have recorded for Columbia Records include , but are not limited to , Earth , Wind & Fire , AC/DC , Adam Ant , Bob Dylan , Neil Diamond , Celine Dion , David Bowie , Harry Styles , Leonard Cohen , Bruce Springsteen , Barbra Streisand , Pink Floyd , Tony Bennett , Roger Waters , Adele , Barry Gibb , Beyoncé , Susan Boyle , Billy Joel , Calvin Harris , Depeche Mode , Daft Punk , David Gilmour , Destiny 's Child , John Mayer , Little Mix , One Direction , Pharrell Williams , Robbie Williams and System of a Down .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d3228ac6ef2f2001cce57a88a5b839db", "text": "Universal Music Publishing Group Universal Music Publishing Group ( UMPG ) is a North American music publishing company and is part of the Universal Music Group , a subsidiary of Vivendi Group . It was formerly known as MCA Music Publishing until its mother company Seagram was dismantled . Universal Music Publishing is the world 's second largest music publishing company , behind Sony/ATV Music Publishing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "184583d30d461ac2c93e1363c1136e95", "text": "Number 1's (video) # 1 's is Mariah Carey 's sixth VHS/DVD release . A collection of the music videos of her U.S. number-one singles ( songs that reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 ) up to that time , the home video was originally released on VHS in December 7 , 1999 , while the DVD was released on February 1 , 2000 . A year before this , Carey had released a greatest hits compilation , # 1 's , which included her thirteen U.S. number-one singles up to that point . The DVD of the same name is based on that album , but by the time of its release , Carey had already scored a fourteenth U.S. number one , `` Heartbreaker '' , from her latest studio release Rainbow . Its music video and the video of its remix ( as a bonus track ) were thus included on the DVD . During the month of the DVD 's release , Carey had also earned her fifteenth number one single , `` Thank God I Found You '' . The DVD does not include the official music videos for `` Vision of Love '' , `` Love Takes Time '' , and `` Someday , '' as she admitted that she did not like some of her early music videos . They are replaced by live performances culled from previous DVD/video releases . # 1 's was re-released in 2008 as part of Mariah Carey : DVD Collection , a 2DVD set including also Fantasy : Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden . The video features a shortened version from the original , without the introductory sections per track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa596398fe1b547dc14c5ee8570dffd1", "text": "Geffen Records Geffen Records is an American major record label , owned by Universal Music Group , which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label . On March 23 , 2017 , Billboard.com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President , who reports to John Janick , CEO and chairman of Interscope Geffen A&M Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f84deeb8bd51bb7ca7acfc1756c0f860", "text": "Inside Recordings Inside Recordings is a Los Angeles , California based independent record label founded by singer-songwriter Jackson Browne in 1999 . Browne has stated that the mission of the label is to `` create a haven for music that might not find a home in the mainstream . '' In 2005 , Inside Recordings signed a nationwide direct distribution deal with independent music distributor Alternative Distribution Alliance . The label 's inaugural release under the agreement was Browne 's own Solo Acoustic , Vol . 1 , which was released in the U.S. on October 11 , 2005 . It was nominated for a Grammy Award soon afterward , just as Solo Acoustic , Vol . 2 was released . Artists with works previously released on the label include the Joel Rafael Band and Native American activist and spoken word artist John Trudell . In 2008 , Browne released his first studio recording in five years ; Time the Conqueror on Inside Recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "582481df32d1eae5316ccdba8e5c89d8", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1994 This is a list of the American Billboard magazine Hot 100 number-ones of 1994 . There were 10 singles that topped the chart this year . The first of these , `` Hero '' by Mariah Carey , spent one week at the top , concluding a four-week run that had begun in December 1993 . The longest running number-one single of 1994 is `` I 'll Make Love to You '' by Boyz II Men , which logged 14 weeks at number-one , tying the song with `` I Will Always Love You '' by Whitney Houston for the most weeks at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 until `` One Sweet Day '' by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men stayed atop the chart from December 1995 to the first quarter of 1996 . With the rise of `` On Bended Knee '' to the top of the Hot 100 , Boyz II Men became the first act to chart consecutive number-one singles in the United States since The Beatles charted three consecutive number-one singles in 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca219f7e56e432da62e3bffea228a7b3", "text": "Sony BMG v. Tenenbaum In the case of Sony BMG Music Entertainment et al. v. Tenenbaum , record label Sony BMG , along with Warner Bros. . Records , Atlantic Records , Arista Records , and UMG Recordings , accused Joel Tenenbaum of illegally downloading and sharing files in violation of U.S. copyright law . It was only the second file-sharing case ( after Capitol v. Thomas ) to go to verdict in the Recording Industry Association of America 's ( RIAA ) anti-downloading litigation campaign . ( The vast majority of cases having been settled out of court . ) After the judge entered a finding of liability , a jury assessed damages of $ 675,000 , which the judge reduced to $ 67,500 on constitutional grounds , rather than through remittitur . After both parties appealed , the First Circuit Court of Appeals reinstated the original damage award of $ 675,000 and remanded the case to the District Court , ruling that the judge should have avoided the constitutional issue by first considering remittitur . The Supreme Court refused to hear Tenenbaum 's appeal arguing against the remand . A new District Court judge then found no cause for remittitur , and held that the statutory damage award was constitutional . Tenenbaum again appealed to the First Circuit , which in June 2013 upheld the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2266194f154a3b0798c51e2378587f6", "text": "Record club A record club was a mail-order retail club for selling records promoted by the major record labels during the 1950s onwards . Major clubs included EMI Records club founded in 1965 Columbia House ( redirect from Columbia Record Club ) established in 1955 . It had a significant market presence in the 1980s Capitol Record Club , Capitol Records Britannia Music Club , Polygram World Record Club Ltd. company in the United Kingdom which issued long-playing records and reel-to-reel tapes , mainly classical Customers usually joined record clubs by agreeing to buy a certain number of records , but a significant number of members would not pay for records they ordered . Record companies saw lower royalties from sales through record clubs than from sales through stores and other means . Also , the clubs could give away up to one free record for every record sold -- resulting in about half as much revenue for record companies as they might get through other kinds of distributors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b371e229188adcb641816baeefb5654c", "text": "Sony Music Australia Sony Music Entertainment Australia is the predominant record label operated by Sony Music Entertainment in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65caeb0a52abf0286522af06bb21d703", "text": "Angel Records Angel Records was a record label founded by EMI in 1953 . It specialised in classical music , but included an occasional operetta or Broadway score . The Angel mark was used by EMI , its predecessors , and affiliated companies since 1898 . EMI 's classical-music operations were sold to Warner Music Group in 2013 . The label is currently inactive since 2006 , dissolving and reassigning Angel Records ' artists and catalogues into its parent label EMI Classics and musical theatre artists and catalogues into Capitol Records . EMI Classics was sold and absorbed into Warner Classics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3724d9ccb9f53a0b814927db9bdec017", "text": "Cary Sherman Cary H. Sherman is an American lawyer and lobbyist . He has been the Chairman and CEO of the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) since August 2011 . He served as President of the RIAA from 2001 to 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58c133b3e2e13afc3ab1422a71971f49", "text": "Taraneh Records Taraneh Records is a record label based in Reseda , California . The label focuses on Iranian music . Taraneh Enterprises , Inc. ( dba : Taraneh Records ) is a major manufacturer and distributor of Persian Media ( DVD , CD , VHS ) in the United States . Taraneh Enterprises , Inc. has a large selection of old and new Iranian music CDs and movies on DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2472e27f15d31dba441e436fa46b50e", "text": "Perspective Records Perspective Records was an American record label , launched in 1991 by the producing team Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis , through a joint venture with A&M Records -- which Jam & Lewis had had a prosperous working relationship with throughout the 1980s , with several of its major acts including Janet Jackson , The Human League , and label founder Herb Alpert . Acts on Perspective 's roster included Bobby Ross Avila , Smooth , Mint Condition , Lo-Key , Solo , Sounds of Blackness , Young Zee , and Ann Nesby . From 1993 to 1996 , A&M Records released most of its own urban acts through Perspective . In 1997 , Jam and Lewis resigned as the label 's CEOs , but remained consultants . Over the next year , Perspective continued to release recordings by the current artists for the sake of fulfilling contractual obligations with them . The company was dismantled , and absorbed into A&M Records , in early 1999 -- per the merger of A&M 's PolyGram parent and Universal Music Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "581c7692c91eb53cb37905c6dee94ea5", "text": "Word Records Word Records is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville , Tennessee . It is owned by Curb Records and is a part of Word Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6d9a7e4365020d3b83564340a3ee02d", "text": "Christmas Time Is in the Air Again `` Christmas Time is in the Air Again '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album , Merry Christmas II You ( 2010 ) . It was written and produced by Carey in collaboration with Broadway composer Marc Shaiman . Lyrically , it is about finding love during the Christmas season . The track garnered positive reviews from critics , with one describing it as an outstanding performance and the only song on the album that could compare to one of Carey 's previous Christmas singles , `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' . It was released as a single in December 2012 . An accompanying lyric video was released , and Carey has performed `` Christmas Time Is in the Air Again '' live on NBC 's Christmas in Rockefeller Centre event and during her December 2014 Beacon Theatre residency called All I Want For Christmas Is You , A Night of Joy & Festivity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85e5e535df1e04c710a447ce2233eb7", "text": "Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 . The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics . It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610ad039bb8ef92dcf40c23041d29529", "text": "Movietone Records Movietone Records was a budget records subsidiary of 20th Century Fox 's record division , which issued 29 albums starting in 1965 and ending in 1967 . Most or all of these were reissues of albums that had appeared earlier on the 20th Century Fox label . Artists featured on these albums included Shirley Temple , Al Martino , Lena Horne , Art Tatum , Marilyn Monroe , and Sylvia Sims . The name `` Movietone '' had been used by Fox Film Corporation since 1926 , when it was coined by William Fox to name the process he had bought for putting sound on film for `` talkies '' . By the time the 1965 incarnation of the record label came along , Fox had issued some 78s on the Fox Movietone label decades earlier , but these were not commercial issues , as far as is known . `` Movietone '' was also the name Fox gave to its TV and newsreel coverage .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1a6a8ff8d154fd4c395aa5cdf5ac480f", "text": "Bridge of Spies (film) Bridge of Spies is a 2015 historical drama legal thriller film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg , written by Matt Charman , Ethan and Joel Coen and stars Tom Hanks , Mark Rylance , Amy Ryan and Alan Alda . Set during the Cold War , the film tells the story of lawyer James B. Donovan , who is entrusted with negotiating the release of Francis Gary Powers -- a U.S. Air Force pilot whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960 -- in exchange for Rudolf Abel , a convicted Soviet KGB spy held under the custody of the United States , whom he represented at trial . The name of the film refers to the Glienicke Bridge , which connects Potsdam with Berlin , where the prisoner exchange took place . The film was an international co-production of the United States and Germany . Bridge of Spies was shot under the working title of St. James Place . Principal photography began on September 8 , 2014 , in Brooklyn , New York City , and the production proceeded at Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam . The film was released by Touchstone Pictures on October 16 , 2015 , in the United States and distributed by 20th Century Fox in other territories . It was a box office success , grossing $ 165 million worldwide , and received positive reviews , garnering praise for its direction , screenplay , acting , score , and production merits . The film received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay , and won Best Supporting Actor for Rylance .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "804db23614d605a8722d95b6e77599c3", "text": "British intelligence agencies The Government of the United Kingdom maintains intelligence agencies within several different government departments . The agencies are responsible for collecting and producing foreign and domestic intelligence , providing military intelligence , performing espionage and counter-espionage . Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom , maintaining the national security of the United Kingdom , military planning and law enforcement in the United Kingdom . The three main agencies are the Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) , the Security Service ( MI5 ) , and the Government Communications Headquarters . The history of the organisations goes back to the 19th century . The decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I , and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events . During the Second World War and afterwards , many observers regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies of World War II . In the post-war period , intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the `` Special Relationship '' between the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48a3b275eefa072c58dd4ffba12ec861", "text": "Susan Norton Susan Norton is an England international and world champion bridge player . Norton was taught bridge by her parents . She made her junior international debut at the age of 14 . She read physics at Oxford University , where she succeeded in combining her academic pursuits with her interests in bridge , athletics and korfball . At the age of 22 , Norton formed a bridge partnership with Bryony Youngs . They were part of an England team which won the Lady Milne Trophy ; but , that partnership disbanded when Youngs moved to the USA to continue her studies . Norton then formed a partnership with Fiona Brown , in which she has had her greatest successes . Norton has always been a non-professional player , whose bridge career is secondary to her professional career and to her family life . She married in June 2015 , and gave birth to a daughter in April 2016 . , she is a director of a company which markets and distributes products to the veterinary and animal healthcare sectors , and is taking a break from international and ` high level ' bridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27bc73672c83f164023c12a5f8da51de", "text": "Spy Cables The Spy Cables are a series of leaked documents from global intelligence agencies that were published by Al Jazeera and The Guardian in 2015 . The documents date from 2006 to December 2014 and are largely derived from communications between South Africa 's State Security Agency and various agencies . Agencies included in the leaks include Israel 's Mossad , Russia 's FSB , and agencies from France , Jordan , Oman , the United Arab Emirates , the United Kingdom 's Secret Intelligence Service , the United States , and countries in Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c93baf3c6c78723bfb446482958247e1", "text": "The Technology of Tears The Technology of Tears ( And Other Music for Dance and Theatre ) is a double album by English guitarist , composer and improvisor Fred Frith . It is the first of a series of Music for Dance albums Frith made , and is sometimes subtitled Music for Dance volume 1 . It was recorded between June 1986 and April 1987 , and released on a double LP and a single CD by RecRec Music ( Switzerland ) and on a double LP only by SST Records ( United States ) in 1988 . It was re-issued on CD in 2008 by Fred Records ( United Kingdom ) . All the CD releases omit the Propaganda suite ( side 4 of the double LP ) . The album comprises three suites : The Technology of Tears , commissioned by Rosalind Newman and first performed by her dance company at the Joyce Theatre , New York City in February 1987 ; Jigsaw , commissioned by the Concert Dance Company of Boston as a collaboration between Fred Frith , Rosalind Newman and Pier Voulkos and funded in part by the National Endowment for the Arts and the New Works Program of the Massachusetts Council on the Arts and Humanities ; Propaganda ( omitted on the CD releases ) , commissioned by the Creation Production Company , written and directed by Matthew Maguire and first performed at La Mama ETC in New York City from May 1 to 24 1987 . Frith composed all the music and plays most of the instruments , with assistance from John Zorn , Tenko Ueno , Christian Marclay and Jim Staley . The Propaganda suite was reworked and remastered in February 2015 , and released by Fred Records as Propaganda in November 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca94caafc718c2c53580877ff30ec47c", "text": "Spy Hard Spy Hard is a 1996 American spy comedy film parody starring Leslie Nielsen and Nicollette Sheridan , parodying James Bond films and other action films . The introduction to the movie is sung by comedy artist `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is the first film to be written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . The film 's title is a pun of Die Hard . The film is directed by Rick Friedberg and produced by Doug Draizin and Jeffery Knovitz . The film was released by Buena Vista Pictures on May 24 , 1996 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics . While many praised Nielsen 's acting and its humor , most found the script , story and its direction lame . The film eventually grossed $ 26 million against a production budget of $ 18 million , making it a relative success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a47b8dd1561e4cc37d4e2c7b30d92ea3", "text": "Bridgewire A bridgewire , sometimes spelled as bridge wire , also known as a hot bridge wire ( HBW ) is a relatively thin resistance wire used to set off a pyrotechnic composition serving as pyrotechnic initiator . By passing of electric current it is heated to a high temperature that starts the exothermic chemical reaction of the attached composition . After successful firing , the bridgewire melts , resulting in an open circuit . Usually a thin nichrome wire is used . Some applications also use platinum-silver alloy ; other bridgewire materials in use are platinum , gold , silver , tungsten , etc. . Care has to be taken when selecting the material as it is in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition and should not undergo corrosion in such conditions . Another material , able to actively release chemical energy , is Pyrofuze , aluminium wire clad with palladium ; when being heated it undergoes strongly exothermic reaction as the molten metals form an alloy . A variant with the same function consists of laminated thin alternate layers of aluminium and nickel . Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire . Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material . In amateur rocketry , grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used . A shallow notch cut into the center of the bridgewire promotes gross localized overheating instead of homogeneous heating of the entire bridgewire . This may improve the bridgewire performance in some applications . Bridgewires are used in diverse applications ; to trigger detonators , electric matches , squibs , electric blasting caps , pyrotechnic fasteners , and more . Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition ( pyrogen ) are known as electric matches . Pyrogens with content of magnesium allow reaching very high combustion temperatures . Devices using bridgewires , whether for initiating an explosion ( `` electroexplosive '' ) or for nonexplosive purposes , are called bridge wire actuated devices ( BWAD ) . Bridgewires , especially connected to longer cables , may be susceptible to initiation by currents induced by external electromagnetic fields . By passing an extremely high amount of electric current through the bridgewire , it gets rapidly vaporized , causing a small explosion . This is exploited in exploding-bridgewire detonators ( EBWs ) , used for very safe and highly precise initiation of explosives , e.g. in nuclear weapons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6881a356abf00ca4f1906ebba14b62e", "text": "Detlef Bothe (actor) Detlef Bothe ( born 24 July 1965 ) is a German actor , screenwriter , film director and producer . Since the early 1990s , he has appeared in numerous film and television productions , both German and international . In 2015 , he appeared in the James Bond film Spectre as a henchman , in a scene where he and Q ( Ben Whishaw ) are seen riding a cable car in the Austrian Alps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25492ce17f642080eba0fc23448ddd0f", "text": "Computer bridge Computer bridge is the playing of the game contract bridge using computer software . After years of limited progress , since around the end of the 20th century the field of computer bridge has made major advances . In 1996 the American Contract Bridge League ( ACBL ) established an official World Computer-Bridge Championship , to be held annually along with a major bridge event . The first championship took place in 1997 at the North American Bridge Championships in Albuquerque . Since 1999 the event has been conducted as a joint activity of the American Contract Bridge League and the World Bridge Federation . Alvin Levy , ACBL Board member , initiated this championship and has coordinated the event annually since its inception . The event history , articles and publications , analysis , and playing records can be found at the official website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7bd9ced23d9988ebf3e2e3e2f84167b", "text": "Star Bridge Star Bridge is a science fiction novel by American authors Jack Williamson and James E. Gunn . It was published in 1955 by Gnome Press in an edition of 5,000 copies . However , 900 copies were never bound . It was also issued in paperback by Ace ( D-169 , 1955 , 35 cents , and F-241 , 40 cents ) and reissued by Berkley Books in 1977 and by Ballantine Books in 1982 ( with minor typographic errors ) . Williamson initially wrote about 50 pages in manuscript for the first draft , and worked up about 150 pages of notes for the novel 's completion . Finding himself `` blocked '' on the project , he turned his materials over to Gunn , who completed the book . It was sold to Gnome for a $ 500 advance . It is an adventure story in the classic Williamson tradition , woven with a reflection about the relative importance of impersonal forces and individuals in the events of history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce16ef6074fc390403906d75f219e2c0", "text": "Rosenwald (film) Rosenwald is a 2015 documentary film directed by Aviva Kempner about the career of American businessman and philanthropist Julius Rosenwald . It debuted on February 25 , 2015 at the Washington Jewish Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39da1a753c6b89839e18154c6d685131", "text": "Nuclear Secrets Nuclear Secrets , aka Spies , Lies and the Superbomb , is a 2007 BBC Television docudrama series which looks at the race for nuclear supremacy from the Manhattan Project through to Pakistan 's nuclear weapons programme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e910851d910b6545a85b8c36f872d43", "text": "Relationship Dilemma Relationship Dilemma is a 2015 Chinese romance film directed by Yang Xiaoxin . It was released on May 8 , 2015 in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2608087c4daf68ddf10a39b3608990a", "text": "Despite the Falling Snow (film) Despite the Falling Snow is a 2016 British Cold War espionage film directed by Shamim Sarif , adapted from her novel of the same name . Starring Rebecca Ferguson , Charles Dance , Oliver Jackson-Cohen , Antje Traue , Sam Reid , Anthony Head and Thure Lindhardt the film was released in the United Kingdom on April 15 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b5d577203e88f321854b107302a65c4", "text": "Totally Spies! Totally Spies ! is a French-Canadian animated spy comedy television series created by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel and produced by Marathon Media Group and Image Entertainment Corporation . The show was made to resemble anime styles and was originally based on the concept of a girl band . It focuses on three teenage girls in Beverly Hills , California , United States , who work as undercover super agents . Totally Spies ! was first seen on November 3 , 2001 on ABC Family in the United States . It premiered on TF1 in France on April 3 , 2002 , and on Teletoon in Canada on September 2 , 2002 . Since the series ' debut , 156 episodes have been broadcast , completing its sixth season to date . This includes several specials and a theatrical movie production , made and released between the fourth and fifth season . It has been broadcast in over 150 territories internationally . Several products tied to the series have been released , which include a series of comic books and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f409cdcdbed5391ee97c1d7fe139f93", "text": "Spies for Peace Spies for Peace was a British group of anti-war activists associated with the Committee of 100 who publicized government preparations for rule after a nuclear war . In 1963 they broke into a secret government bunker , Regional Seat of Government Number 6 ( RSG-6 ) at Warren Row , near Reading , where they photographed and copied documents . The RSGs were to include representatives of all the central government departments , to maintain law and order , communicate with the surviving population and control remaining resources . The public were virtually unaware what the government was planning for the aftermath of a nuclear war until it was revealed by Spies for Peace . They published this information in a pamphlet , Danger ! Official Secret RSG-6 . Four thousand copies were sent to the national press , politicians and peace movement activists and copies were distributed on the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 's Easter march from Aldermaston . The pamphlet said it was `` about a small group of people who have accepted thermonuclear war as a probability , and are consciously and carefully planning for it . ... They are quietly waiting for the day the bomb drops , for that will be the day they take over . '' It listed the RSGs and gave their telephone numbers . Most of the pamphlet was about RSG-6 , which Spies for Peace described in detail . They said that `` RSG-6 is not a centre for civil defence . It is a centre for military government '' , and they listed the personnel who were to staff it . The pamphlet described emergency planning exercises in which RSG-6 had been activated , including a NATO exercise in September 1962 , FALLEX-62 . Spies for Peace asserted that the exercise demonstrated the incapacity of the public services to cope with the consequences of nuclear attack and that the RSG system would not work . The exercise , they said , `` proved once and for all the truth of the 1957 Defence White Paper that there is no defence against nuclear war . '' In a hint at the source of their information , Spies for Peace said that FALLEX-62 `` convinced at least one occupant of one RSG at least that the deterrent is quite futile '' . The pamphlet claimed that at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis , a month after the NATO exercise , RSG-6 was not activated . The authors objected strongly to the fact that the RSG network had not been publicly debated , that its staff were unelected and that they would have military powers . The 1963 Aldermaston issue of the CND bulletin Sanity included the Spies for Peace revelations and several hundred demonstrators left the Aldermaston route and headed for RSG-6 where they set up a picket . Spies for Peace made front page news but the press was later advised by an official `` D-Notice '' from saying any more about the matter . The police tried to prevent any further distribution of the information but failed to do so . RSGs in Cambridge and Edinburgh were also picketed . Although several people were arrested , the original spies were not identified or caught . Since the death of Nicolas Walter , it has been revealed that he was one of the Spies for Peace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0deb899fc8632753abdf1e3215ce9ca5", "text": "Les Amants du Pont-Neuf Les Amants du Pont-Neuf ( -LSB- lez ‿ amɑ̃ dy pɔ̃ nœf -RSB- ) is a 1991 French film directed by Leos Carax , starring Juliette Binoche and Denis Lavant . The title refers to the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris . The North American title of the film is The Lovers on the Bridge , and , in a mistranslation of the original title , the Australian title is Lovers on the Ninth Bridge ( instead of `` Lovers on the New Bridge '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a961fc7f675d71443bb2e67cbfa2564f", "text": "James Tont operazione U.N.O. James Tont operazione U.N.O. or Operation Goldsinger is a 1965 Italian spy film spoof based on James Bond directed by Bruno Corbucci . It was followed by James Tont operazione D.U.E. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a53f519c347740dd2f51e72eb9de897", "text": "Solomon's Perjury are two 2015 Japanese suspense mystery films directed by Izuru Narushima , based on the novel of the same title by Miyuki Miyabe . The first , , was released on March 7 and the second , , was released on April 11 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c162a611514b93c1d5d473cf99a89608", "text": "Hidden Gems (Ace of Base album) Hidden Gems is a 2015 compilation album by Swedish pop group Ace of Base . It was released worldwide by Playground Music on March 6 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "882571996042eb4da3ebaff04f725464", "text": "Madonna (entertainer) Madonna Louise Ciccone ( -LSB- tʃɪˈkoʊni -RSB- born August 16 , 1958 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and businesswoman . She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos , which became a fixture on MTV . Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image , and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry . Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions , which have generated some controversy . Referred to as the `` Queen of Pop '' , Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists . Born in Bay City , Michigan , Madonna moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance . After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy , she signed with Sire Records ( an auxiliary label of Warner Bros. . Records ) in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the following year . She followed it with a series of commercially and critically successful albums , including the Grammy Award winners Ray of Light ( 1998 ) and Confessions on a Dance Floor ( 2005 ) . Throughout her career , Madonna has written and produced most of her songs , with many of them reaching number one on the record charts , including `` Like a Virgin '' , `` Papa Do n't Preach '' , `` Like a Prayer '' , `` Vogue '' , `` Take a Bow '' , `` Frozen '' , `` Music '' , `` Hung Up '' , and `` 4 Minutes '' . Madonna 's popularity was further enhanced by her roles in films such as Desperately Seeking Susan ( 1985 ) , Dick Tracy ( 1990 ) , and Evita ( 1996 ) . While the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , most of her other films received poor reviews . Madonna has been acclaimed as a businesswoman , particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick ( including the label Maverick Records ) . In 2007 she signed an unprecedented U.S. $ 120 million 360 deal with Live Nation , which led to a record deal with Interscope Records . Her other ventures include fashion design , writing children 's books , and filmmaking . Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide , Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records . The Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) listed her as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second highest-certified female artist in the United States , with 64.5 million album units . Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time , earning U.S. $ 1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990 . She became one of the five founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility . Madonna was ranked at number one on VH1 's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music and number two ( behind only The Beatles ) on Billboards list of Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "05a362198bfa46b214a2cb48ca2835f0", "text": "Radio National Breakfast Radio National Breakfast ( sometimes shortened to Breakfast ) is a national early morning news programme in Australia . The programme is broadcast live in the eastern states ( and on delay in other states ) on the ABC Radio National network . It can also be listened to online . The programme is hosted by award winning journalist Fran Kelly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b870d051f505ce0929d9033ca819d841", "text": "E.Y.C. (band) E.Y.C. ( also known as Express Yourself Clearly ) was an American pop/R & B group . Its members were Damon Butler , Dave Loeffler and Trey McKay Parker . E.Y.C. failed to find success in their home country , but became more popular abroad in the United Kingdom and Australia . They scored six Top 40 hits in the UK Singles Chart before disbanding . Controversy surrounded the release of their track `` Black Book '' ; which was released as a special edition CD featuring the names of all the fans that had signed up to their mailing list encouraging them to purchase the CD . This resulted in the group scoring their biggest hit when the track peaked at Number 13 in the UK chart . They also appeared on the Childliners single , The Gift Of Christmas , alongside acts such as Backstreet Boys , Boyzone , MN8 , Sean Maguire , Deuce , Ultimate Kaos , Let Loose , East 17 , Peter Andre , Michelle Gayle and Dannii Minogue . Robbie Williams & Gary Barlow & Jason Orange & Howard Donland & Mark Owen & Kylie Minogue & Alexa Chung & Alex Zane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf459c30dd2a06412b49ee78b96d4c16", "text": "Papa Don't Preach `` Papa Do n't Preach '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her third studio album True Blue ( 1986 ) . The song was written by Brian Elliot with additional lyrics by Madonna , and produced by Stephen Bray and Madonna . The song also appears remixed on the 1990 compilation album The Immaculate Collection and in its original form on the 2009 compilation album Celebration . The song 's musical style combines pop and classical styling , and its lyrics deal with teenage pregnancy and abortion . It was based on teen gossip Elliot heard outside his studio , which has a large front window that doubles as a mirror where schoolgirls from the North Hollywood High School in Los Angeles regularly stopped to fix their hair and chat . Released as the album 's second single in mid-1986 , the song was a commercial success . It became Madonna 's fourth number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , and performed well internationally , reaching the top position in the United Kingdom and Australia . It was well received by music critics and was frequently cited as a highlight in the album . The music video , directed by James Foley , shows Madonna 's second image makeover , featuring her with a more toned and muscular body , and cropped platinum blonde hair . It portrayed a storyline where Madonna is trying to tell her father about her pregnancy . The images are juxtaposed with shots of Madonna dancing and singing in a small , darkened studio , and spending a romantic evening with her boyfriend . Shortly after its release , the song caused heated discussions about its lyrical content . Women 's organizations and others in the family planning field criticized Madonna for encouraging teenage pregnancy , while groups opposed to abortion saw the song as having a positive pro-life message . Madonna has performed `` Papa Do n't Preach '' in four of her world tours , most recently The MDNA Tour in 2012 . The song also caused her first conflict with the Vatican , as she dedicated it to Pope John Paul II , who urged Italian fans to boycott her concerts during the Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . In 2002 , British singer Kelly Osbourne recorded a hard rock cover of the song which was included as a bonus track on her debut album Shut Up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6087b5e5ecec2496a1cc752d9be2f6a", "text": "Maripol Maripol is an artist , film producer , fashion designer and stylist who has had an influence on the looks of many influential artists , including Grace Jones , Deborah Harry and Madonna . She is also a Polaroid artist photographer . Maripol was brought up in France before moving to New York City in 1976 . In the early 1980s , Maripol was the art director for hip Italian boutique Fiorucci . By the mid-80s , Maripol had achieved some success with her own shop , Maripolitan , in the NoHo area of New York . Maripol is best known for designing for and styling pop singer Madonna during the Madonna and Like a Virgin albums in the mid-1980s . Maripol 's trademark black rubber bracelets , jewellery and crucifixes became as iconic as Madonna herself in these early years . She also made a line of official Madonna jewellery and accessories for the Like a Virgin tour . At the same time she directed documentary films , such as `` Crack is whack '' on 1980s artist Keith Haring . She has also worked as a film producer , most notably on the post-production of Downtown 81 , a film starring artist Jean-Michel Basquiat and featuring Blondie lead singer Deborah Harry , and with musical interludes by many New York No Wave bands . The movie , directed by then partner Edo Bertoglio and written and produced by Glenn O'Brien , was filmed in 1980-81 as New York Beat . However , it was not until the late 1990s that the film was edited and released ( as Downtown 81 ) . O'Brien and Executive Producer Michael Zilkha enlisted Maripol to work on post-production to complete the film before its 2000 release , and debut at the Director 's Fortnight at Cannes . She has been the art director on music videos for Cher , D'Angelo , Elton John , and Luther Vandross . In February 2010 , Maripol had a collection of jewelry and tee shirts in the Marc by Marc Jacobs stores , inspired by the jewelry she created in the 80s . Early 2014 , Maripol released `` MARIPOLA X '' , a book about her erotic Polaroid pictures , including many from the 80s ( Grace Jones , Madonna , Naomi Campbell , etc. ) . The same year , she published `` Love Each other '' , her first record as singer with the French composer and producer which followed her collaboration with the French fashion label Each x Other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f0c7946dc1ee7a6fe5a59b927aba8ad", "text": "The World's Famous Supreme Team The World 's Famous Supreme Team was an American hip hop radio show crew and recording group from the early 1980s . Members included See Divine the Mastermind and Just Allah the Superstar ( now known as JazzyJust the Superstar ) , among others . Their pioneering radio show started in 1979 on WHBI-FM 105.9 broadcasting from Newark , New Jersey , and featured Mr. Magic before he went on to host the first rap show on a major radio station , The Rap Attack on WBLS . The group rose to international prominance when punk impresario Malcolm McLaren recruited See Devine and Just Allah and samples of their radio show for his surprise hip hop hit , 1982 's `` Buffalo Gals '' , and the full album follow-up , Duck Rock ( 1983 ) . They are credited as the first hip hop group to incorporate Five Percent teachings and slang into their music , and their appearances on Duck Rock contains the first instances on record - a trait that would become increasingly predominant in the late '80s and '90s . The World Famous Supreme Team released their own hit single `` Hey DJ '' in 1984 , which would appear on their only album , Rappin ' ( 1986 ) . The group reunited with McLaren for the 1990 album , Round the Outside ! Round the Outside ! . `` Hey , DJ '' was later sampled on the Mariah Carey song `` Honey '' , popularising its use for a new generation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96d4b4a40d798a26fa2b14b24424fe4b", "text": "Raji's Raji 's was a rock and roll nightclub in central Hollywood , open in the 1980s and early 1990s . It was located in the Hastings Hotel building , 6162 Hollywood Blvd. . The space had previously been occupied by a Greek restaurant called The King 's Palace . It was one of the great sweaty , smoke-filled ` dives ' of rock . It featured performances by iconic bands such as Green Day , Guns N ' Roses , Redd Kross , Hole , Jane 's Addiction , Arab and The Suburban Turbans , The Untold Fables , Dream Syndicate , The Lonesome Strangers , Snake Farm , The Billy Bremner Band , The Little Kings , The Shades , Tex & the Horseheads , Lock-Up , Mary 's Danish , The Miracle Workers , Social Distortion , The Electric Ferrets , the Mentors , GG Allin , The Nymphs , and Los Lobos , as well as out-of-town acts like Nirvana ( as seen on the cover of Nirvana 's 7 '' single , `` Sliver '' ) , Pink Fairies , Pussy Galore , Mod Fun and Kyuss . Top-draw local acts like Thelonious Monster , The Muffs , the Red Aunts , The Lazy Cowgirls , Beck , Trash Can School , Pigmy Love Circus , Oiler , Kryptonite Nixon , Butt Trumpet , Kill Buddha , the Sacred Hearts , the Creamers , The Humpers , and many other underground music bands found enthusiastic crowds as well . The club was also a hot spot for musicians , who would often come to watch bands and have drinks . Notable customers included Jonathan Richman , members of R.E.M. , Top Jimmy , Gil T , and Carlos Guitarlos ( of Top Jimmy & The Rhythm Pigs ) , Billy Bremner of Rockpile , Nino Del Pesco ( The Lonesome Strangers ) , Viki Peterson ( of The Bangles ) , Texacala Jones or Mike Martt ( of Tex & the Horseheads ) , Bernie Bernstein ( The Little Kings ) , Flea ( of Red Hot Chili Peppers ) , Pope , Beck , Mike Savage ( of Pigmy Love Circus ) , Texas Terri , and more with an inside few often invited to stay after hours to party with the infamous Danny `` Dobbs '' Wilson , founder and booker of the club , and his regular cast of characters which included Bernie the doorman , Autumn the bartender , floor security Clint , Tony T , Dirty Ed , The Pope and sound man Brian `` Up-stein '' Green . One could see the likes of Dwarves , Spoon , Fishbone , My Other Side , Meat Puppets , Backbiter , Suplex Slam , The Red Devils/Blue Shadows , DC-3 , Rage Against the Machine , Dumpster , Dead , White , and Blue , White Zombie , Haunted Garage , Pennywise , Green Day , The Reverend Horton Heat , Top Jimmy , X , The Muffs , Wetherbell , Texorcist , Circle One , The Gears , The D.I. 's , Adolescents , Dogstar , The Uninvited , The Superkools , Claw Hammer , Two Free Stooges , The Flesh Eaters , Continental Drifters , Kyuss , Buglamp , Cake , Two Bass Hit , The Marigolds , The Jack Brewer Band , The Melodiacs , and The Skulls , among countless others . The venue sustained a lightning bolt gash near the bar due to the Northridge earthquake . The club continued to operate for three months after it was red tagged . A fire marshall shut the venue down for good and Larry Mann moved his operations to Hell 's Gate in the then , dangerous Yucca corridor . The building was demolished is now a parking lot for the MTA . The Ski Room , a bar located at 5851 Sunset Blvd. , a few blocks away from the club 's former location , was renamed Raji 's and run by the same family that ran the club in its last two years , until 2004 , when it closed due to the gentrification of central Hollywood . It 's now called The Bar . Danny `` Dobbs '' Wilson died in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db0c4797a11e749c6e9479690237a6bf", "text": "Breakfast in Bed `` Breakfast in Bed '' is a soul -- R&B song written by Muscle Shoals songwriters Eddie Hinton and Donnie Fritts for Dusty Springfield . It takes a knowing spin on the line `` You Do n't Have to Say You Love Me '' , the title of a song which had previously been a number one hit for her in the UK . After being released on her 1969 album Dusty in Memphis , it was later in the year recorded and popularized by Baby Washington on Cotillion . Harry J produced three reggae versions in 1972 : Lorna Bennett ; Scotty ; Bongo Herman ( see list below ) . Springfield 's version was featured in the 2014 movie Godzilla .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f672f4bfe40a8cfdf839e681940c6f9", "text": "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play ( EP ) by New Zealand singer Lorde . At the age of 12 , she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan , and began writing songs . In December 2011 , MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little , and within three weeks , the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP . In November 2012 , Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud . On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records . An indie rock-influenced electronica album , The Love Club EP was well received by music critics , who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira , Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey . The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia , and was certified platinum and septuple platinum in those two countries respectively . In the US , the record charted at number twenty-three on the Billboard 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013 . To promote The Love Club EP , Lorde performed during various concerts , and `` Royals '' was released as a single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0934ffc0e4dbabb602a5773003ce5c21", "text": "Elliot in the Morning Elliot in the Morning is a morning radio talk show hosted by DJ Elliot Segal . It airs weekdays from `` 5:48 until 10-something '' on WWDC-FM in the Washington , D.C. metropolitan area , WRXL in Richmond , Virginia and on WBWZ in the Hudson Valley of New York . The program was simulcast on WOSC in Ocean City , Maryland from 2003 to 2004 and on WCHH in Baltimore , Maryland from May 2008 to November 2009 . Beginning in January 2014 , the show was briefly simulcast on WOR-AM , while continuing to simulcast on the DC and Richmond stations , with the show originally planning to leave the DC101 studios in January 2014 . However , after citing that `` significant changes '' would be needed for the show to succeed in NYC , it was announced that the show would no longer be carried on WOR-AM . The format covers a broad spectrum of topics , ranging from in-person or telephone interviews with well-known celebrities , to gross-out stunts involving much of the show 's supporting cast . The show has regular telephone interviews with Patricia Murphy ( from The Daily Beast ) , Mark Steines ( from Entertainment Tonight ) during sweeps and Brandon Noble ( former NFL player ) during football season . As of 2005 , Elliot in the Morning had been the cause of the fifth largest amount of Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) fines since 1970 , with $ 302,500 worth of fines leveled at the show . As a result , while the show still frequently involves euphemistic mentions of sexual topics , it is broadcast with a short tape delay , and is occasionally `` dumped '' to canned music for profanity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9b16c9f794c5967e234626022ed135d", "text": "Club at the End of the Street `` Club at the End of the Street '' is an up-beat song performed by Elton John and written by Bernie Taupin . From the album Sleeping with the Past , the song describes a night on the town between two lovers at a disclosed nightclub . John also describes the music of Otis Redding and Marvin Gaye being played . An interesting note is the video for the song was animated , due to Elton 's involvement with the family of AIDS victim Ryan White . The record company demanded a video , but Elton was dedicated to spending time with Ryan . The single was a top 30 hit in the US in the summer of 1990 . In Denmark , where the album was recorded , it hit # 1 for two weeks and is still seen as one of Elton 's biggest hits in that country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1b5cd3e318c205dd68c28fa2e12220", "text": "Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' . Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse . In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2604fd6e18f0868440a1f87a4692f278", "text": "Lexington Queen Lexington Queen was a nightclub in Roppongi , Tokyo . The current name of the establishment was changed to The ` New Lex Edo ' , but it was often simply referred to by ` Lex ' . Located underground near Roppongi Crossing , the club is a well-known and favourite hangout for models and celebrities on the rise . Opened in 1980 , it is reputed to be a popular club amongst visiting celebrities , with past patrons including Gwen Stefani , Elton John , and Jude Law . Despite its popularity , `` Lex '' was shut down between 2006 and 2007 . There were many rumors that the Yakuza were behind Lex 's closing , although upon its 2007 re-opening and subsequent name change , it was evident the club had shut for remodeling . There is a passing reference to the Lexington Queen in the song `` Bought for a Song '' by American music group Fountains of Wayne and also in Kiss 's 2015 single `` Samurai Son '' The Big Audio Dynamite song `` Sony '' cites the club . It is also directly referenced in the Ryuichi Sakamoto song `` Lexington Queen outside '' from his 1980 single `` War Head/Lexington Queen '' . In 2015 , the club moved to a new location a few streets away and changed its name to `` LEX TOKYO RED CARPET ( NEW LEX ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69562e73761409146c82077f62a8adfa", "text": "Aishah and The Fan Club Aishah and The Fan Club , better known as The Fan Club or just Fan Club , were a New Zealand-based singing group in the late 1980s and early 1990s . The group released their first album Sensation in 1988 , which spawned three top-20 singles in the New Zealand and Malaysian charts , namely `` Sensation '' , `` Paradise '' and `` Call Me '' - the latter being a remake of a Spagna song of the same name . Their second album , titled Respect the Beat , also produced three hit singles , including `` I Feel Love '' and `` I Never Gave Up on You '' , and the band 's only single to make the US Billboard Hot 100 Charts - `` Do n't Let Me Fall Alone '' . The remixes for this song were among the most played dance tunes in clubs at the time . The group was formed while Wan Aishah binti Wan Ariffin was in New Zealand studying in the late 1980s . She was spotted by the other members of the group , and asked to join the band . Besides Aishah who sang lead vocals , the other members included Paul Moss on guitar and programming , Dave Larsen on drums , Glenn Peters on bass , Malcolm Smith on keyboards , and Hazri Yutim on second keyboard/synthesiser . Malcolm and Paul were also the main songwriters for the group . The band won the International Artist of the Year at the 1991 New Zealand Music Awards . Aishah remains popular in Malaysia and has released music in the Malay language . Paul Moss also lives in Malaysia where he became one of the judges of the reality TV singing competitions Malaysian Idol and One in a Million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1deccfaafae35e585445d025142cfd", "text": "Midnight breakfast Midnight breakfast is a generic term for a communal meal served at some American colleges and universities . Menu items that are generally considered breakfast foods are served in the school 's dining hall late at night ( hence `` midnight '' ) as a study break before or during final exams , or as a traditional community-building event . Midnight breakfast is usually at most a weekly event and at least an annual event , and should not be confused with school dining facilities that operate 24 hours a day on a regular basis . Midnight breakfasts are held once a semester during finals week and can be accompanied by karaoke . Category : Breakfasts Category : Academic meals Category : Student culture", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab861f18fd8a4876497b8a0f81ea8cf6", "text": "On This Day In History On This Day In History was a feature on the BBC Radio 1 breakfast show in the UK between 1988 and 1993 . It was devised by the programme 's presenter at the time , Simon Mayo . Mayo , a history graduate from University of Warwick , used the day 's date each morning to regurgitate historical anniversaries and events which had happened on that date in years passed . As a quirk , he would often add a mildly cynical punchline to each of the stories he recounted , and then would get his `` crew '' ( female co-host , newsreader and producer ) each to guess the age of living celebrities who were born on that day . A tie-in book of the same title was published in later years , with much advertisement by the BBC , initially just to give away on the show to a daily winner who rang in with the correct answer to a question posed by Mayo about a specific person or event of relevance to that date . Perhaps the most famous part of the feature was the music used to soundtrack it ; a looped instrumental version of the George Michael hit I Want Your Sex ; the full version of which had been banned from broadcast by Radio 1 when it was released in 1987 . The feature ended when Mayo left the breakfast show , although when he switched to the mid-morning programme , he revived it in part with a spot called Dead Or Alive ? , where he would ask listeners whether celebrities or known figures born on the date in question were still living or not . Mayo now works for BBC Radio 2 and BBC Radio Five Live and no longer does any features which show off his passion for history . However , the feature is a regular on Chris Evans ' Radio 2 breakfast show , with a celebrity guest reading events that happened on that particular day in history . The last fact is nearly always music related and directly links into the next song played on the show . The feature is also often heard in one form or another on many commercial radio stations . Category : BBC Radio 1 programmes", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e59d7efb6f9e2493ba8cf105d458636e", "text": "Angel (Madonna song) `` Angel '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her second studio album Like a Virgin ( 1984 ) . It was released on April 10 , 1985 by Sire Records as the third single from the album . Written by Madonna and Steve Bray , it was one of the first songs developed for the project and , according to Madonna , was inspired by a girl who is saved by an angel , and she falls in love with him . `` Angel '' was released as a 12 '' single with `` Into the Groove '' in some countries and charted likewise . A music video was initially planned for the release , but was later cancelled . Instead a promotional video comprising clips from her previous videos was released in the United Kingdom . Musically `` Angel '' consists of three chord ascending hook , which serves for the verse and chorus . It has vocal harmonies beneath the main chorus and the lyrics repeat the angel-like image of Madonna 's saviour . Critical response to the song was mixed , with some music critics calling it a classic and others deeming it sub-par compared to Madonna 's previous singles . `` Angel '' became the singer 's fifth consecutive top-five single on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top of its dance charts . It was also able to reach number-one in Australia and the top-five of the charts in Canada , Ireland , Japan , New Zealand , Spain and the United Kingdom . Madonna has performed the song only once , on The Virgin Tour in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83b79423c12497cf8a22fa9b005af662", "text": "The Girlie Show: Live Down Under The Girlie Show : Live Down Under is a video album by American singer-songwriter Madonna . It was released by Warner Music Vision , Warner Reprise Video and Maverick Records on April 25 , 1994 and included a date filmed at Sydney Cricket Ground on November 19 , 1993 from The Girlie Show World Tour . The video was originally broadcast as a TV special on HBO in 1993 under the title Madonna Live Down Under : The Girlie Show . The concert was directed by Mark `` Aldo '' Miceli , who previously directed the TV specials Blond Ambition : Japan Tour 90 and the Barcelona TV special Madonna-Live ! Blond Ambition World Tour 90 ( live from Barcelona Olympic Stadium on August 1 , 1990 and not the version from the HBO special ) . When re-released on DVD in 1998 , the video was the first ever music video in this format along with another Warner Music title The Three Tenors in Concert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cfc3a7bfed27a16c45ea34f8d3af8e0", "text": "The Look of Love (Madonna song) `` The Look of Love '' is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1987 film Who 's That Girl . It was the third and final single release from the album and was released on November 25 , 1987 by Sire Records . While shooting for the film , then called Slammer , Madonna had requested that producer Patrick Leonard develop a downtempo song that captured the nature of her film persona . She later wrote the lyrics and melody to the backing track developed by Leonard , and the song became `` The Look of Love '' . Madonna was also inspired by actor James Stewart 's performance in the 1954 film Rear Window . Featuring instrumentation from percussion , the song begins with a low bass synth line and a slow backing track , followed by Madonna singing the lyrics . Critically appreciated as a haunting track and noted as a `` gem '' on the album , `` The Look of Love '' reached the top ten of the charts in Belgium , Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom . It also charted in France , Germany and Switzerland , while reaching the top 20 of the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles . Madonna 's only live performances of the song were on her Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . During the performance Madonna pretended that she was lost on the stage , like her film character .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "13beb65444c4dd247eb0eaf0f589b7ba", "text": "RB Leipzig RasenBallsport Leipzig e.V. , commonly known as RB Leipzig , is a German association football club based in Leipzig , Saxony . The club was founded in 2009 by initiative of energy drink-maker Red Bull GmbH who purchased a playing right of the fifth division side SSV Markranstädt with the intention of advancing the new club to the top-flight Bundesliga within eight years . Men 's professional football is run by the spin-off organization RasenballSport Leipzig GmbH . RB Leipzig plays its home matches at the Red Bull Arena . In its inaugural season in 2009 -- 10 , RB Leipzig dominated the NOFV-Oberliga Süd ( V ) and was promoted as champions to the Regionalliga Nord ( IV ) . RB Leipzig won the 2012 -- 13 Regionalliga Nordost season without conceding a single defeat and was promoted to the 3 . Liga ( III ) , then finished the 2013 -- 14 3 . Liga season as runner-up and was promoted to the 2 . Bundesliga ( II ) as the first team since the introduction of the 3 . Liga to win promotion after only one season . On 8 May 2016 , RB Leipzig ensured promotion to the Bundesliga for the 2016 -- 17 season with a 2 -- 0 defeat of Karlsruher SC . One year later , RB Leipzig captured a place in the 2017 -- 18 UEFA Champions League by finishing as runner-up of the Bundesliga .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "19b367cfc00dfb72f77c9b7f78659d0a", "text": "Eins Zwo Eins Zwo ( `` One Two '' ) was a German hip hop group from Hamburg , consisting of DJ Rabauke ( Thomas Jensen ) and MC Dendemann ( Daniel Ebel ) . Rabauke produced his first music with his ` Projekt an der Grenze ' . He however , was before Eins Zwo more known for his work as tour DJ with the group Fettes Brot . Dendemann was formerly mostly associated with his work as a member of the ` Vorgruppe Arme Ritter ' . Eins Zwo started out in 1997 . Running into each other during a soundcheck that year they decided to make music together and create the demo `` S.P.O.R.T '' . Later that year they accompanied the group 5 Sterne Deluxe as support act on a short tour through Germany and enlarged on their `` S.P.O.R.T. '' demotape . The tape was then released nationwide as an EP halfway through 1998 in its unaltered , unmastered form and quickly became highly sought after in the scene . It was reputedly the most illegally copied album in the German hip hop scene that year . In May 1999 , their first longplay album was released : Gefährliches Halbwissen . The word-wizardry of Dendemann became through this album the trademark of the band . While their second album , aptly named Zwei ( `` Two '' ) , released in 2001 , held the same high textual , musical and technical standard , it did not have the same impact as their debut album . With the upcoming EP `` Discjockeys '' the group announced their farewell . Since 2003 both group members have gone their own way . Dendemann released the EP `` DasSchweigenDilemma '' in the autumn of that same year and in September 2006 the LP Die Pfütze des Eisbergs . DJ Rabauke has mostly been working as a DJ in the house scene and has , among other things , played at the Melt ! festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1051c5ec59f3ce29a79ef79798e60474", "text": "1987 (artist) 1987 , real name Victor Holmberg ( born 28 April 1987 ) , is a producer , songwriter and musician of solo projects . He is also a member of the Swedish electronic music duo Montauk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002b0ed3b8fdaa52436ee165c4859691", "text": "Mathias Johansson (producer) Mathias Johansson also known as Blackcell is a Swedish songwriter and record producer who has worked and as a partnership producing team with Henrik Korpi under the name Korpi & Blackcell . Mathias Johansson ( Blackcell ) started in Gothenburg part circuit and later on he became singer/frontman for Swedish band Solomon . He took part in live performances as backing vocals for the band Tiger Lou . His big break came when he co-produced in partnership with Henrik Korpi Sophie Ellis-Bextor 's hit `` Get Over You '' ( # 3 in UK 's Singles Chart ) and her album Read My Lips ( # 2 on the UK album charts ) . He joined Murlyn Music Group as a writer/producer teaming up mainly with Henrik Korpi with whom he formed the `` Korpi & Blackcell '' partnership . Blackcell plays guitar , bass , piano and drums . He is also an accomplished programmer and studio engineer . Johansson is responsible for a string of international hits for a number of renowned artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "793d6305dd0c4d20b21a32b6904cfd2c", "text": "Vinyl FM Vinyl FM ( Former Z-Radio and Radio Rix ) is a Swedish radio station founded in September 1994 . Vinyl FM focuses on music from the 60 's . In March 2003 , Vinyl FM was awarded `` Radio Station of the year '' by the Radio Awards jury . Vinyl FM FM the only oldies station and one of the largest local stations in Stockholm . In 2005 , its name was expanded and altered into Gamla Godingar 107.1 Vinyl . Vinyl FM is owned by ProSiebenSat .1 Media AG . In 1994 the ratings was 3.6 % , today the ratings are 5 % of the total Stockholm market . April 2016 the name are changed from Vinyl FM to Vinyl FM Category : Radio stations in Sweden Category : Discovery Networks Category : Media in Stockholm Category :1994 establishments in Sweden", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e88560af0ac51eefe99ea81c1ab640d5", "text": "DJ Hix DJ Hix is an award-winning Northern Irish DJ at Cool FM , a commercial radio station based in Newtownards , Northern Ireland . He currently presents the radio station 's evening show from 7pm - 10pm Monday to Thursday , following station changes in Summer 2014 ( He previously presented the ` Drivetime ' show from 4pm - 8pm Monday to Friday ) . DJ Hix was born in London before moving to Northern Ireland at a young age . He began his career as a DJ in 2002 in various clubs in Belfast , and his radio career began when he was invited by BBC 1Xtra to host their Xtra Talent show in January , February and April 2007 . The show is BBC 1Xtra 's platform for new rising radio personalities to broadcast a 2-hour show every week for one month . A few months after his time at 1Xtra he began broadcasting on Cool FM on 27 October 2007 at 9pm with a brand new show - The Urban Takeover , playing RnB , HipHop , and Urban music . On June 1 , 2010 he moved to 5 days a week on Cool FM by launching a brand new evening show on the station . `` The Pulse with DJ Hix '' airs live Monday to Thursday between 6pm and 10pm . The show focuses on fresh new cutting-edge music from all music genres . In 2012 , following changes at the station , DJ Hix moved to the brand new afternoon ` Drivetime ' show , which airs Monday to Friday from 4pm until 8pm . The show features the latest and new music from a variety of genres . DJ Hix regularly opens for some of the world 's biggest urban artists in concert . To date he has supported 50 Cent , Rihanna , Akon , LMFAO , and Kesha , all at The Odyssey Arena in Belfast . He has also performed with David Guetta , Tiesto , Example , Tinie Tempah , Plan B , Wretch 32 , Lil Jon , Chipmunk , Calvin Harris , Rev Run and many more at live stadium events . Hix notably opened for legendary RnB group Boyz II Men live on stage at Belfast 's Waterfront Hall in September 2008 , in what was they group 's first ever performance in Belfast . In 2011 Hix was awarded Best Club DJ at the annual FATE Awards , after a public vote to decide the 5 nominees . DJ Hix currently DJs weekly in a vast number of clubs in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland as well as various guest performances in other cities in the UK and across Europe . He is also a music journalist and is a regular contributor to Blues & Soul Magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4351ff3fc21ca5289b864e4a987c7a0", "text": "Hard NRG Hard NRG , NRG , Nu NRG , Filthy Hard House , or more recently just Filth , is an electronic music genre similar in structure ( with regard to sequencing & programming ) to UK hard house . The main difference is in the musical/thematic content of each style . Where UK hard house has uplifting , playfully fun and tough elements , NRG is ominous , dark , aggressive and relentless with its distressed , menacing and gritty sounds on a slightly faster BPM ( 155 -- 165 average ) than UK hard house ( 150 -- 155 average ) . In regard to the mechanics of the scene , many of the labels have made a shift from purely vinyl releases to CD single releases and digital downloads . Record labels which produce the genre include Vicious Circle , Flashpoint , Tidy Trax , Kaktai , Tonka Trax , Tinrib Digital , Noir Records and Noir Digital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81c99edf8c37cd7ccf27b428152643d", "text": "Mr. V Mr. V ( born Victor Font , 1974 in Manhattan , New York ) is an American house and Latin music DJ , producer , and rapper . He is a regular collaborator of Louie Vega and is also the owner of SOLE Channel Music . Mr. V started DJing at the age of 14 on the Lower East Side , but it would not be for many years that he would sign with the Vega Records label , & MAW Records , assisting Louie Vega . In 2001 , he founded SOLE Channel , a weekly party with Alix Alvarez in New York City , In 2003 the pair would start a record label called Sole Channel Music releasing several tracks with their own Sound . In 2013 the pair would part ways with the label and Alix Alvarez would pursue different endeavours while Mr. V would maintain the record label , In 2012 Mr. V would launch the first sister label to Sole Channel Music called Muzik 4 Tomorrow ( M4T ) . His most famous tracks have been `` Da Bump '' , released in 2006 , and `` Put Your Drink Down '' , released in 2007 , both included in the album Welcome Home & is best known for his breakout hit with Fedde Le Grand Entitled `` Back N ' Forth '' amongst many other tracks & collaborations today . Experiencing Mr. V 's DJ sets , original productions or remixes is like taking a trip back in time to dance music 's golden age . Before superstar DJs took over the spotlight , dance music was a cultural phenomenon that did what no other form of music could do -- bring people together . It did n't matter what race or sexual orientation you came from because dance music was all about embracing our differences and creating a homogeneous vibe . The music was built heavily on traditional song structures and lots of heart and soul . DJs played whatever it took to get the party going and the music was never predictable . It is with this classic spirit and enthusiasm that New York City 's Mr. V targets today 's dance music world . Mr. V is a throwback in the purest sense . Growing up in the 1980s the open-minded Mr. V was heavily influenced by House , Hip-Hop , Latin , Garage and Disco classics , Rhythm & Blues and Jazz . Mr. V was enamored by the role a DJ commanded over a crowd and was taken by the talents of his friend Lord G. , who had a weekly Thursday night party in New York City . Despite wanting to be a professional DJ , it was n't until he met the legendary Louie Vega that he found his calling . `` Louie used to have his party called `` Underground Network , '' and that 's where I discovered a deeper taste for house music . I always wanted to be a DJ , but Louie 's type of music -- that whole soulful sound -- is what I wanted to play , '' says Mr. V. Louie Vega saw the drive and potential in Mr. V and hired the young Nuyorican DJ / producer as his assistant at the world famous Masters At Work label . In this position Mr. V was given a rare glimpse into the global dance scene and before long was taking to the decks alongside his mentor . Currently , Mr. V is one of the most recognizable names on the circuit . Stylistically , Mr. V has a wildly eclectic sound that brings spontaneity back to the art of DJing . In addition to his busy DJ schedule -- Mr. V has displayed his turntable talents at many popular nightclubs across the globe -- he has also made a name for himself as a Producer , Remixer & Artist . Mr. V launched his own label Sole Channel Music ( Along with then partner Alix Alvarez ) as a way to release music with complete control and artistic freedom . To date , he has many singles , remixes & collaborations on many labels including his most famous track `` Jus Dance '' , `` Something ( Wit ' Jazz ) '' , `` Put Your Drink Down '' & more . Mr. V has also released original productions , collaborations & remixes for other labels including Vega Records , Flamingo Records , Play It Down , Dessous Recordings , King Street Sounds , Large Music , Strictly Rhythm , Airplane Records , Defected Records and many more . Combining his multifaceted skills as a DJ / Artist / Producer / Remixer and with an ear towards dance music 's roots , Mr. V is a name to watch out for !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27aaa90b1f6e9dd7c59ab7118cab5ca0", "text": "Scandinavian Nights Scandinavian Nights is a double live album by the British hard rock band Deep Purple . It was originally recorded by Swedish National Radio for a radio show called Tonkraft at the Stockholm Konserthuset on 12 November 1970 , but not released until 1988 . The tapes were re-mixed by Tom Leader at Angel Studios in London . It remains the prime example of the early Mk II set list and ferocious concert dynamics . The set list comprises songs from the album Deep Purple in Rock and long instrumentals from earlier albums . The two songs `` Mandrake Root '' and `` Wring that Neck '' took up half the concert in the early days , until the Fireball tour . The US double CD , released in 1992 , was titled Live and Rare , while the European double vinyl and double CD , released in 1988 , were both titled Scandinavian Nights . The European vinyl release contained a limited edition picture booklet . The track timings printed ( on both European vinyl and CD ) refer to the length of the actual songs , in-between pauses are not included , but the timings on the US CDs do include the pauses . The original master tapes were later discovered and remixed for a re-release as Live in Stockholm by Purple Records in 2005 , with improved sound quality . On the original release the song running order was adjusted to fit the timing-restrictions of vinyl , and the CD edition unnecessarily mimicked this ; Live in Stockholm features the set list in the correct order . A new edition of the album , titled Stockholm 1970 , was released in 2014 by EDEL as part of `` The Official Deep Purple ( Overseas ) Live Series '' with additional material : two songs recorded in Paris in 1970 ; contemporary Jon Lord interview ; a bonus DVD with Deep Purple 's performance at Granada TV in 1970 , previously released on VHS as Doing Their Thing . The original 1988 album cover was featured in Pitchfork Media 's 2005 list of `` The Worst Record Covers of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c89123b7e590323974939e6413b4c111", "text": "2014–15 RB Leipzig season The 2014 -- 15 RB Leipzig season was the 6th season in club history and their first season competing in the 2 . Bundesliga . The team missed out on promotion and finished in the upper half of the league .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e63d47222f2d1a4b93b9a3c4c85e53", "text": "Röda bönor Röda bönor ( A Swedish pun meaning both `` red beans '' and `` red chicks '' ) was a feminist progg band formed in Lund in the mid 1970s . Röda bönor was one of the progg movement 's first real girl bands . The lyrics and music were written mainly by the band members . Their most famous song is Oh , Carol . Others include Diskoteksjakt ( `` Disco-hunt '' ) , Sången om sexualmyterna ( `` The song of the sexual myths '' ) , Det ska bli slut på rumban ( `` It 's the end of the rumba '' ) and Nu har vi tröttnat ( `` We have now become tired '' ) . They are also known for their interpretation of the Italian work song La lega . Members of the band included Charlotte Adlercreutz-Carlsson , Mona Eklund , Marianne Giselsson , Annbritt Kronlund , Kjerstin Norén , Gunilla Szemenkár , Eva Vahlne , Eva Westerberg and Kaya Ålander . Norén and Vahlne left the group after their first album . Norén and Ålander have also released solo albums . Röda bönor have recently reunited for occasional performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9300405d4033c9e888d2dc9561cc8be3", "text": "Ran-D Randy `` Ran-D '' Wieland ( 18 May 1981 in Zeeland ) is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Ran-D has been active in hardstyle music since 2002 , when he released his first track `` D-Pression '' on Special Records . Since then , Ran-D has released his music on A2 Records , a sub-label of Scantraxx Recordz . In March 2015 , alongside Frequencerz , Adaro and B-Front , Ran-D founded a new hardstyle record label , `` Roughstate Music '' . In collaboration with Adaro , Ran-D is also a part of the live-act Gunz For Hire which was founded in 2011 . Ran-D has collaborated with other artists in hardstyle including Alpha2 , Zatox , Zany , B-Front . He performed at several hardstyle events , including Qlimax , Hard Bass , Defqon .1 Festival ( in Australia , Netherlands and in the first time Chile ) , Decibel Outdoor Festival , Reverze , Q-BASE and The Qontinent . Ran-D has performed in Australia , the United States , Germany , Spain , Canada , Chile , Belgium , Slovenia , Italy and Poland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6d525442365d01a2407619c82887534", "text": "Digital Punk René de Bruijn ( born 17 September 1985 ) , who performs as Digital Punk , is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Digital Punk has been active in producing and performing hardstyle and hard dance music since 2006 when he released his first tracks `` Push Em Up , Get Em Up '' and `` The Punk Soul Brother '' on Tremble Tracks . Digital Punk continued to release his music on Seismic Records and TiLLT Records before he officially signed with A2 Records in 2013 , a sub-label of Dutch hard dance platform Scantraxx Recordz . Digital Punk has collaborated with Ran-D , Adaro , B-Front , Crypsis , Waverider , Outbreak , and E-Force . Digital Punk has performed at large-scale events in the Netherlands , including Defqon .1 , Reverze , Q-BASE , Masters Of Hardcore , Dominator , The Qontinent , Decibel Outdoor Festival , Dreamfields Festival , and WiSH Outdoor . He has also performed in Australia , Germany , France , Spain , Poland , Belgium , Sweden and Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3272bd3ae64cb24b73efaa8ca669f08", "text": "Swebus Express Swebus Express AB , trading as just Swebus since 2009 , is one of Sweden 's largest long distance coach operators . Swebus has a `` seat guarantee '' for journeys bought at least 24 hours before departure , meaning that they promise to bring in the necessary extra coaches in case of extensive booking on a departure . Swebus Express ' lines are focused in southern Sweden , with Uppsala and Stockholm in the north , Norrköping , Linköping and Kalmar on the east coast . Malmö and Blekinge in the south and Helsingborg , Halmstad and Gothenburg on the west coast and Jönköping in the middle , and some lines extended to Oslo in Norway and Copenhagen in Denmark . They also offer tickets to Germany via Eurolines and the Czech Republic via Bohemian Lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9abcfec63695a16c897017a2495e672b", "text": "The Radio Dept. discography The discography of Swedish indie pop group , The Radio Dept. consists of three studio albums , four extended plays , ten singles and one compilation album . The Radio Dept. was formed in 1995 by Johan Duncanson , although they did not start recording until 2001 . They were signed to Labrador Records the same year and have stayed with the label since . The band 's lineup has changed over the years until it settled on the trio of Johan Duncanson and Martin Carlberg , with Daniel Tjäder on keyboards . Their first album , Lesser Matters , was released to critical acclaim , although with little chart success outside of Sweden . It received rave reviews , achieving ` universal acclaim ' status from Metacritic , and was ranked the 9th best album of 2004 by NME magazine . The album attracted enough attention for film producer Sofia Coppola to use three of The Radio Dept. 's songs for her film , Marie Antoinette . Pet Grief , the band 's second album , was received less well critically , although it charted higher in Sweden . There was a four-year break before their third album , Clinging to a Scheme was released in 2010 . This album was received much better than Pet Grief and was the band 's first album to chart in the USA , reaching no. 20 on the Billboard `` Heatseekers '' chart ( which consists of the top 20 albums by artists that have never made the top 100 ) . It featured on many end-of-year lists , including Pitchfork Media 's 2010 Readers ' Poll . In July 2016 , the band announced their fourth studio album , Running Out of Love will be released in October .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "662fe4fb39f23ab08c1f00ae2410aae1", "text": "Hits FM (Nepal) Hits FM ( Nepali : हिट्स एफएम ) is a radio station based in Kathmandu , Nepal . It is a subsidiary of Hits Nepal Pvt. Ltd. , which was established in January 1996 . It went on air in April 1996 . It is now available 24 hours daily on 91.2 MHz . Its philosophy is to hire presenters who are `` fresh '' - thus ensuring originality and also the ability to shape the presenters in accordance to overall goals and objectives of Hits Nepal Pvt. Ltd. . Hits FM maintains a weekly music chart . The most followed charts are Hits Xpress ( Bollywood songs ) , Megatops Chart ( English songs ) , and Hits Countdown ( Nepali songs ) . It is one of the most listened-to FM stations in the country , with one of the highest-rated shows . It is ranked among the top 40 radio stations in the World ( Asia , Africa , Australia , South America ) by UK and Irish Radio Stations broadcasting on the Internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2c48dc5752ee93e3215e0d040f6fd2", "text": "De Vet Du De Vet Du ( literally `` You Know It '' in Swedish ) is a Swedish music group formed in 2010 mixing humor and sarcasm in their music . De Vet Du , or at times De vet du started in Lidingö , a suburb of Stockholm by four friends Christopher Martland , Johan Gunterberg , Tor Wallin , and the so-called `` DJ Hunk '' . They are signed to Universal Music Sweden", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ddff93bbd29e738ca97391c2b65a930", "text": "Max Elto Max Elto , formerly Taped Rai , is a Swedish vocal duo consisting of Tom Liljegren and Alexander Ryberg . They are best known for providing vocals for David Guetta 's single `` Just One Last Time '' and releasing 2013 debut single `` Shadow of The Sun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f459309e4dd2c6170e5e4ce1d2629a18", "text": "Presidents of Leipzig University", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f5e0246f03be2703421e4921b4fe298", "text": "Bundesvision Song Contest 2014 The Bundesvision Song Contest 2014 was the tenth edition of the annual Bundesvision Song Contest musical event . The contest was held on 20 September 2014 at the Lokhalle in Göttingen , Lower Saxony , following Bosse 's win in the 2012 contest in Berlin with the song `` So oder so '' . The contest was hosted by Stefan Raab , and Elton in the green room . The winner of the Bundesvision Song Contest 2014 was Revolverheld with the song '' '' , representing Bremen . In second place were Jupiter Jones representing Rhineland-Palatinate , and third place to Teesy representing Saxony-Anhalt . Returning artist include : Jupiter Jones ( 2011 ) , Revolverheld ( 2006 ) , Andreas Bourani ( 2011 ) , Marteria ( 2009 ) , Flo Mega ( 2011 ) , DCVDNS ( 2013 ; member of Inglebirds ) and Philipp Breitenstein ( 2013 with Hannes Kinder & Band ; member of Duerer ) . Max Mutzke is the first artist to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest ( 2004 ) and then enter the Bundesvision Song Contest . This is the reverse of previous artists Sandy Mölling , and Nadja Benaissa who both participated as No Angels for Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 , before entering the Bundesvision Song Contest . 7 of the 16 states awarded themselves the maximum of 12 points , with Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria , Berlin , Brandenburg , Hamburg , Hesse , Lower Saxony , North Rhine-Westphalia , and Saxony , awarding themselves 10 , 10 , 8 , 7 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , and 10 points each respectively . The contest was broadcast by ProSieben and watched by 1.44 million people , and was the highest rated competition since 2011 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169f738d41a3423407192065b1493873", "text": "Sverigetopplistan Sverigetopplistan ( -LSB- ² sværjɛˌtɔpːˌlɪstan -RSB- , lit . `` Sweden top list '' ) is the Swedish national record chart , earlier known as Topplistan ( 1975 -- 1997 ) and Hitlistan ( 1998 -- 2007 ) and known by its current name since October 2007 , based on sales data from the Swedish Recording Industry Association ( in Swedish Grammofonleverantörernas förening ) . Before Topplistan , music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen , whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "00157046f026a2ec5a73ff049c2da298", "text": "Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson ( June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 ) was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' . Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind ( 1980 ) , Controversy ( 1981 ) , and 1999 ( 1982 ) -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day ( 1985 ) and Parade ( 1986 ) , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times ( 1987 ) as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 . In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology ( 2004 ) . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6cc93ecc0e2cdfc9b7d0ebf8f8ed662", "text": "Musicology (album) Musicology is the twenty-eighth studio album by American recording artist Prince . It was released on April 20 , 2004 by NPG Records and distributed by Columbia Records . The album proved to be his most successful in years , reaching the Top 5 of the album charts in the United States , United Kingdom , Germany , and many other countries . Musicology was the first album in five years that Prince released through a major label ( Sony Music ) and , being partially recorded in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada , was his first to be recorded outside Minneapolis in many years . Musicology is R&B themed . At the end of the song `` Musicology '' snippets of `` Kiss '' , `` Little Red Corvette '' , `` Sign o ' the Times '' , `` 17 Days '' , `` If I Was Your Girlfriend '' , as well as `` Illusion , Coma , Pimp & Circumstance '' can be heard . At the time of release Prince was quoted as saying he wished the album to provide musical education to listeners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf24179129fbf8fd0dc9d28186ff248", "text": "Hit n Run Phase Two Hit n Run Phase Two is the thirty-ninth and final studio album by American recording artist Prince and the last to be released before his death on April 21 , 2016 . It was initially released exclusively on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 for streaming and purchase as a continuation of his previous album , Hit n Run Phase One . Prince confirmed on Twitter that a physical CD would be released during a weekend of Paisley Park shows in January 2016 . The CD was given away to attendees of the shows on the Australian and New Zealand leg of the Piano & A Microphone Tour . The album was finally given a worldwide CD release on May 6 , 2016 through Universal Music Group .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a84f6ff45231cae3ecd492e6f89af82", "text": "Prince Charles Alexander Charles Alexander ( born April 2 , 1958 ) , in Boston , Massachusetts , known professionally as Prince Charles Alexander , is a Grammy Award -- winning American producer , audio engineer , recording artist and educator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bfa18d998df5c9d28fbe1e5472236a8", "text": "Money Don't Matter 2 Night `` Money Do n't Matter 2 Night '' is a song by Prince and The New Power Generation from their 1991 album , Diamonds and Pearls . Co-written with Rosie Gaines , the lyrics deal directly with money , poverty , and greed . The vocal delivery is similar to that of `` When Doves Cry '' , but more subtle . Overall , the song is a smooth delivery with layered vocals by Prince . While the distorted vocals on the song were unintentional , engineer Michael Koppelman liked the effect and it is assumed that Prince did as well , since his performance was never replaced with a non-distorted take . The B-side is a previously unreleased track `` Call the Law '' , with lead vocals by Tony M. , supplemented by Rosie Gaines on the chorus . Prince provides guitar solos throughout the song . The track was added to the New Power Generation release Goldnigga in 1993 . The UK 12 '' single and CD release also included the album track `` Push '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93289f70110bb3b0bc84fc4526a19733", "text": "Hank Williams Jr. discography The discography of all albums and singles released by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. consists of fifty-six studio albums and twenty-four compilation albums . He has released 109 singles and twenty-four music videos . Eleven of his singles have reached Number One in either the United States or Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d044f75d7c7b0584269554878ecc29", "text": "Legs Diamond (band) Legs Diamond is an American rock band that has often been called `` The American Deep Purple '' . They formed in Los Angeles , California starting with Michael `` Diamond '' Gargano ( bass ) and Jeff Poole ( drums ) . The group released their self-titled debut album for Mercury Records in 1977 . The original band broke up in 1980 after three popular albums , but reformed in 1984 after their original albums had begun to acquire a cult following . The new lineup released several more albums and continued to perform throughout the 1990s and 2000s . In 2005 , original frontman Rick Sanford was replaced by ex-Montrose and Wild Horses vocalist John Levesque , and the band released their latest album , `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , in 2006 . Original members include Roger Romeo ( guitar ) , Michael Prince ( keyboards/rhythm guitar ) , and Jeff Poole ( percussion ) . The band still does the occasional gig in the Los Angeles area and at least once a year in San Antonio , TX where they are still hugely popular , the result of being a favorite of influential disc jockey Joe `` the Godfather '' Anthony ( 1940-1992 ) . Keyboardist Michael Prince is active in studio recording , in Los Angeles , working with some better known R+B and Pop Acts , including Beyoncé , Chris Brown , Usher , Los Lobos and Michael Jackson . Guitarist Roger Romeo is also currently working in a new band called the Funkin Maniacs . Power drummer Jon Hyde ( Detective ) and NS Stick and bassist Gary Jibilian round out the trio . They are recording a new CD slated for release early 2012 . As of 2011 , the band was working on their 12th CD due to be available within the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "707f1d6ea373acd8afa7e6b2ba4157fc", "text": "The Old Prince The Old Prince is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Shad , released October 23 , 2007 on Black Box Recordings . On June 30 , 2009 it was re-released on iTunes on the same label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2466fd4b04e51a751bf6545567b88d85", "text": "Little Prince Little Prince may refer to : The Little Prince , French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 's most famous novella and the eponymously named character within the story , or other versions of the story adapted for various media , including : The Little Prince ( 1974 film ) , a 1974 musical film directed by Stanley Donen The Little Prince ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 computer-animated fantasy film directed by Mark Osborne The Little Prince ( play ) , a theatrical adaptation The Little Prince ( opera ) , a 2003 opera in two acts by Rachel Portman to an English libretto by Nicholas Wright The Adventures of The Little Prince ( TV series ) , an anime series The Little Prince ( 2010 TV series ) The Little Prince and the Aviator , a 1981 musical theatre adaptation List of The Little Prince adaptations , a listing of The Little Prince story adapted into various media Petit-Prince ( moon ) ( English : Little Prince ) , a small moon orbiting asteroid 69 Eugenia , named jointly in honour of the French Empress Eugénie 's son , the Prince Imperial , and as allusion to the eponymously named Saint-Exupéry novella The Little Prince Little Prince ( chief ) ( also named : Tastanaki Hopayi and Tustanagee Hopae , died 1832 ) , chieftain and longtime representative of the Muscogee ( Lower Creeks ) tribe in the United States `` Little Prince '' ( Miami Vice ) , episode of the 1980s undercover cop television series Miami Vice `` The Little Prince '' ( Lost ) , 2009 episode in the fifth season of the American television series Lost `` Little Prince '' ( song ) , a 1974 song by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner which featured in the 1974 film and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 47th Academy Awards The Little Prince ( EP ) , a 2016 extended play ( EP ) by South Korean singer Kim Ryeowook , a member from boy band Super Junior", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e6183083dda6dbb8552eaf7ebe65a4", "text": "24 Years of Hunger 24 Years of Hunger is a pop music album released in 1991 by & Alice , the collaboration of Eg White and Alice Temple . 24 Years of Hunger was critically acclaimed , although it failed to chart . It is the only album that the duo ever released . Allmusic describes 24 Years of Hunger as `` one of the finest , most refined and fully realized recordings of the era , employing a much more sophisticated and romantic style than anything else out of England at the time '' . Allmusic also notes the accolades that 24 Years of Hunger album received from other music critics : `` Recorded by the pair when they were mere twentysomethings , and predominantly in Eg White 's home , it is nevertheless about as grown-up and elegant as pop music gets . A decade after the recording had all but vanished from circulation , rainsound.net had taken to calling it `` one of the classic albums of the '90s , '' while Q Magazine went a step further when it placed the record on its list of best albums of the 20th century , describing it as having `` the class of Steely Dan and the intriguing detachment of the Blue Nile . '' '' Martin Rowsell , in The Rough Guide to Rock , notes that while reviewers compared the album to Prefab Sprout and Prince , and Alice cited their own musical influences as John Lennon , Traveling Wilburys , Joe Jackson , Joni Mitchell and Curtis Mayfield . Noting the huge discrepancy between the album 's critical and commercial success , Rowsell speculates that White 's songwriting may have been too personal for mainstream acceptance at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3df8da15726dad53052b0c9f67ba21e3", "text": "The Platinum Collection (Queen album) The Platinum Collection : Greatest Hits I , II & III is a box set by British rock band Queen which comprises their three greatest hits albums , Greatest Hits , Greatest Hits II and Greatest Hits III . The album was originally released on 13 November 2000 on the Parlophone label . A booklet with song facts and images is also included with the three CD set . The album 's US release was delayed by Hollywood Records until September 2002 and featured the 2001 Japanese release remastered versions of Greatest Hits Volumes 1 and 2 on the US and Canadian versions of The Platinum Collection . The album peaked at No. 2 in the UK charts , being blocked off the top spot by Moby 's album 18 . As part of Queen 's 40th anniversary celebrations , The Platinum Collection was released in the UK on 27 June 2011 , as well as in other territories around the world . The release consisted of the 2011 remasters of all three albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5b262bb1b751b538692889ecc06e64d", "text": "Purple Medley `` Purple Medley '' is a song by American musician Prince from 1995 . There is no album accompanying the single . The track is a mix of many hits and well-known songs from Prince 's career . Some of the pieces of music are samples , while others are re-recorded for the mix . Some of the additional instrumentation is credited to The New Power Generation . The `` Purple Medley '' consists of snippets from the songs : `` Batdance '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Kiss '' , `` Erotic City '' , `` Darling Nikki '' , `` 1999 '' , `` Baby I 'm a Star '' , `` Diamonds and Pearls '' , `` Purple Rain '' and `` Let 's Go Crazy '' and fades for the edit . The full version continues with `` Sexy Dancer '' , `` Let 's Work '' , `` Irresistible Bitch '' ( with the music of `` Sexy MF '' ) , `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , `` Alphabet St. '' , `` Thieves in the Temple '' , the bassline to The Time 's `` 777-9311 '' , Sheila E. 's `` A Love Bizarre '' , `` If I Was Your Girlfriend '' , `` Raspberry Beret '' , `` Little Red Corvette '' , `` Cream '' and `` Peach '' . The CD single release includes both the full version of the medley ( which clocks in at 11 minutes ) and the edited version , which is 3:14 in length , and omits about half of the tracks present in the full version . Despite , in essence , being a megamix of Prince 's biggest hits ( barring `` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World '' ) , the B-side of the single is `` Kirk J 's B-Sides Remix '' which consists of additional Prince hits remixed ( oddly , only one was an actual B-side ) . This track appears to have little additional input from Prince , but is rather a compilation of remixes made by band member Kirk Johnson . The compilation includes bits of `` Pop Life '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Shockadelica '' , `` Head '' and `` The Continental '' . The remix of `` The Continental '' was released in a longer version on the 1998 compilation Crystal Ball as `` Tell Me How U Wan na B Done '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f17593e0e44bc6b48f05c873a57cc861", "text": "Prince & Princess `` Prince & Princess '' is the third single from Versailles , released on December 10 , 2008 . The single was released in six different versions ; five with a different member on the cover and one regular edition with the whole group on the cover plus the bonus track `` Silent Knight '' . This version of `` Prince '' is slightly different from the one that was first distributed free of charge on the band 's website and then added to the October 22 reissue of their first album , Noble . `` Princess '' is featured on the band 's second album Jubilee , albeit as the re-recording `` Princess - Revival of Church - '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e695ef1cf57e63fac00ef7dea7c95c8e", "text": "Toby Keith discography The discography of American country music singer Toby Keith consists of seventeen studio albums , two Christmas albums , three Greatest Hits packages and an additional compilation . He has charted 63 singles on the Billboard country charts , of which all but four reached top 40 or higher . 20 of his singles have reached number one in the United States , and 21 more have reached the Top 10 . As of December 2013 , Toby Keith has sold over 30 million albums in the US , which made him the fifth best-selling country artist in the US since 1991 when Nielsen SoundScan started tracking music sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6a0328bb3394e8446d70cb5a0d30f4", "text": "Pop Life Pop Life may refer to : `` Pop Life '' ( Prince song ) , 1985 Pop Life ( Bananarama album ) , 1991 Pop Life ( David Guetta album ) Pop Life ( Breathe album ) , 1998 Pop Life ( TV series ) , a British documentary series about pop music Pop Life ( 7th Heaven album )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0cdf533950961210f6df49709799b6b", "text": "The New Power Generation The New Power Generation , also known as The NPG , was the backing band of musician Prince . They were last active in 2013 before Prince made a return to music with 3rdeyegirl as his backing band . In 2015 , the New Power Generation reunited as Prince 's backing band for his final studio album before his death , Hit n Run Phase Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a7fb89c4a3807797cbef73522b65623", "text": "Lovesexy Tour The Lovesexy Tour was a tour by American recording artist-musician Prince in 1988 -- 1989 in support of his platinum album , Lovesexy . The tour was his last outing in the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752f24bfbd93eeb5ee011f01520f4ba3", "text": "I Wish U Heaven `` I Wish U Heaven '' is a song by Prince , and the third single from his 1988 album , Lovesexy . It is a joyful , spiritual song with few lyrics , which runs 2:43 . The 12 '' single is a substantially extended three-part suite which runs over ten minutes . This song was a replacement for `` The Line '' , an upbeat jam featuring Sheila E. on backing vocals . * Part One of the mix starts with a stripped-down version of the Lovesexy album song , remixed with a dance beat . The original drum programming and rhythmic electric guitar riffs are deleted for much of the song . Part Two is a gospel rendition with new lyrics , continuing the spiritual theme . This part of the song was often sung in concert during the Lovesexy World Tour . The beginning of this section paraphrases lyrics from `` Housequake '' , from the previous album Sign '' ☮ '' the Times . Prince also quotes the film Scarface with the lines `` Say hello to my little friend ... '' and then introduces the `` Blue Angel '' , a new blue version of his custom `` White Cloud '' guitar featured in the film Purple Rain . Sheila E. is also given a call out , and her voice can be heard responding in this section . Part Three is based on an outtake called `` Take This Beat '' and deviates quite a bit from the original theme . This segment has Prince using his `` Jamie Starr '' persona to humorously tout the fact that he 's funky , musically talented , and has plenty of beats ( songs ) that are `` so fine '' . The song ends with a looped repeat of the title . This version of the song became one of the highlights during the supporting tour in which Prince would usually order the house lights to be turned up , and instruct the crowd during a call and response segment . The B-side , `` Scarlet Pussy '' , is credited to Prince 's alter ego , Camille . The song is very sexual , using metaphors of cats and dogs for sexual organs , a theme Prince previously used for the B-side `` La , La , La , He , He , Hee '' . Prince uses his sped-up Camille vocals , as well as a slowed-down vocal , similar to `` Bob George '' from The Black Album . The song features a saxophone solo from Eric Leeds . The decision to include such a raunchy song with the spiritual A-side was noteworthy . The edit of `` Scarlet Pussy '' was included on 1993 's The Hits/The B-Sides .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c70c6a17a8a6a46e7e31dc89eda0024", "text": "Gotta Stop (Messin' About) `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was the follow-up single in the UK to support Prince 's third album , Dirty Mind . The single was not an album track , though it was written at the same time , and possessed a similar sound . `` Got ta Stop Messin ' About '' b/w `` Horny Toad '' marked the first time Prince released non-album tracks , which , especially as B-sides , would become a prominent part of his career . The song is keyboard dominated , and the lyrics speak of a woman who 's constantly `` messin ' about '' with other men . The song contains familiar Prince themes of sexual frustration , masturbation and sexual metaphors . The track consists of two verses and multiple repeats of the chorus . It was played live on the Dirty Mind Tour with an extended instrumental section at the end . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was released in the UK as two separate 7 '' singles , one with the Dirty Mind track `` Uptown '' as a B-side , and the other with `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , from Prince . Each single also had an accompanying 12 '' single , both with the same tracks as the 7 '' and both including the song `` Head '' , from Dirty Mind . Despite an extensive advertising campaign and promotion , and coinciding with Prince 's first UK gig , neither issue of the single charted . The track would later be released in the U.S. as the B-side of the 12 '' single for `` Let 's Work '' , and become a highly sought-after collector 's item . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was also later released on The Hits/The B-Sides and Prince 4Ever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2a8dfb615c12d386ced8497ea145a89e", "text": "Seth MacFarlane Seth Woodbury MacFarlane ( -LSB- ˈsɛθ_ˈwʊdbɛri_məkˈfɑrlɪn -RSB- born October 26 , 1973 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , and singer , working primarily in animation and comedy , as well as live-action and other genres . MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series Family Guy ( 1999 -- 2003 , 2005 -- present ) , co-creator of the TV series American Dad ! ( 2005 -- present ) and The Cleveland Show ( 2009 -- 13 ) . He also wrote , directed , and starred in the films Ted ( 2012 ) , its sequel Ted 2 ( 2015 ) , and A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) . MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design , where he studied animation . Recruited to Hollywood , he was an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series , including Johnny Bravo , Cow and Chicken , Dexter 's Laboratory , I Am Weasel , and Larry & Steve . As an actor , he has made guest appearances on series , such as Gilmore Girls , The War at Home and FlashForward . In 2008 , he created his own YouTube series titled Seth MacFarlane 's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy . He won several awards for his work on Family Guy , including two Primetime Emmy Awards and an Annie Award . In 2009 , he won the Webby Award for Film & Video Person of the Year . He occasionally speaks at universities and colleges throughout the United States , and he is a supporter of gay rights . MacFarlane 's first feature-length comedy film , Ted , features his voice acting and performance-capture as the titular anthropomorphic teddy bear and became the highest-grossing original R-rated comedy . As a singer MacFarlane has performed at several venues , including Carnegie Hall and the Royal Albert Hall . MacFarlane has released three studio albums , in the same vein of his musical idol Frank Sinatra , beginning with Music Is Better Than Words in 2011 . He wrote the lyrics for the Academy Award-nominated song `` Everybody Needs a Best Friend '' for Ted . MacFarlane served as executive producer of Cosmos : A Spacetime Odyssey , an update of the 1980s Carl Sagan -- hosted Cosmos series , hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson . MacFarlane was instrumental in providing funding for the series , as well as securing studio support for it from other entertainment executives .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2429d4c06a69ba1e38c70726dbd51b2a", "text": "The Rembrandts (album) The Rembrandts is the first album by the American pop rock duo The Rembrandts released on September 4 , 1990 by Atco Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bfe8c5032950aa6139b6ea733b2f951", "text": "Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff Family Guy : The Quest for Stuff is a freemium video game for Kindle , iOS , Android , Windows Phone 8 and Windows 8.1 based on the American animated series Family Guy released by Fox Digital Entertainment and developer TinyCo . It allows users to create and run their own version of Quahog using familiar characters and buildings . It features an original story conceived by the show 's writers in which Quahog has been destroyed and it is up to the player to bring it back to its former glory . Some of the show 's main actors , like Seth MacFarlane ( Peter , Stewie , Brian ) , Alex Borstein ( Lois ) , Mila Kunis ( Meg ) , and Seth Green ( Chris ) collaborated with TinyCo for the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c3197899910e900aa9c56b0853bd5aa", "text": "Roadkill (1989 film) Roadkill is a film by Canadian director Bruce McDonald , filmed and released in 1989 . In a review of the film 's soundtrack album , the website Allmusic calls the film `` an increasingly weird mix of Heart of Darkness and The Wizard of Oz '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3b39819d0e228f946cf3bf117eedd10", "text": "Hayley Sings Hayley Sings is the debut album by Rachael MacFarlane , younger sister of Family Guy creator Seth MacFarlane . Produced by veteran producer Allen Sviridoff , the album was released on September 25 , 2012 . The album 's title is an homage to MacFarlane 's best-known voice-acting role as Hayley Smith in her brother 's series American Dad ! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d22134145026190a16fac05bc4453c80", "text": "Peepshow (album) Peepshow is the ninth studio album by English alternative rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees , released in September 1988 on Polydor . It was their first record as a quintet . With the arrival of multi-instrumentalist Martin McCarrick , the group recorded a multifaceted album with a variety of influences . Including the singles `` Peek-a-Boo '' and `` The Last Beat of My Heart '' , the record was a commercial success , peaking at No. 68 on the Billboard 200 chart in the week of 3 December 1988 . It spent a total of 20 weeks on that chart . Peepshow was widely acclaimed by critics . Praise centred around the unpredictability of the orchestrations and new nuances in Siouxsie 's voice . This album was reissued in a remastered version with bonus tracks in October 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb2f6f4afa0c7e03be467ce3c293f0b3", "text": "Fink (album) Fink is the second album by the Swamp Zombies and was released in 1989 under the Doctor Dream Records label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3764e7234bddbc73d71d09c91b8f51e", "text": "List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) . Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5597b50d7549e06fd1904b6da3ebad", "text": "Independent Leaders Independent Leaders is the debut album from Naughty by Nature , released under the name the New Style in 1989 on MCA Records . The production of the album is credited to the group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf01878208f6a1e639e49069ce6cca7c", "text": "Fushitsusha (1989 album) Fushitsusha is the debut live album of the Japanese band Fushitsusha , released in 1989 through P.S.F. Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383a916cb497519e413331f4dafd7ec6", "text": "Seth Walker Seth Walker ( born 1972 ) is an American electric blues singer , guitarist , and songwriter . He has released nine albums to date , the most recent entitled Got ta Get Back . Walker 's musical genres include Americana , blues and jazz . Got ta Get Back was released on September 2 , 2016 , and debuted at number 6 in the US on the Billboard Top Blues Album . His 2009 album , Leap of Faith , also charted on the BillboardTop Blues Album chart , peaking at number 2 in the US . Delbert McClinton remarked `` the first time I heard Seth Walker at a small club in Nashville I was impressed like I have n't been impressed in 30 years , with performance , presence , and great songs . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53990c93af06c2ed35f29ba5d2be5be4", "text": "Viva Hate Viva Hate is the debut solo studio album by English musician Morrissey . It was released on 14 March 1988 by record label HMV , six months after the final album by Morrissey 's band The Smiths , Strangeways , Here We Come .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0baa882b25c90547df155c0dda2f676", "text": "Have Yourself a Tractors Christmas Have Yourself a Tractors Christmas is the second studio album and first Christmas album by American country music band The Tractors . It was released by Arista Nashville on October 10 , 1995 . The album peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf5180af00175c19a3a7f29197175ac", "text": "Roger (American Dad!) Roger Smith ( born Wogir ) is a fictional character in the adult animated sitcom American Dad ! , voiced by Seth MacFarlane . The character was created and designed by Seth MacFarlane . Roger is a centuries-old grey space alien living with the Smith family , around whom the show revolves . Having lived on Earth since 1947 , at the age of 1600 , Roger came to live with the Smiths after rescuing main character Stan Smith at Area 51 four years prior to the beginning of the series . Roger began the series as a sensitive pushover who is often taken advantage of , cheated , and ridiculed . Over time , the character has become increasingly cruel , selfish , devious , and depraved , although the Smith family are curiously oblivious to his nature . In early episodes of the show , Roger is disallowed from leaving the Smith house in order to conceal his being an alien . This restriction is soon abandoned and Roger begins adopting disguises and fictitious personas in order to have a life outside the house . Roger 's personas have become a major plot device , with his myriad alter egos frequently being the subject or facilitator of an episode 's main story or subplot . This also helps to amplify his pansexuality and androgynous nature , which varies dependent on the plot situation and persona he has adopted . Aside from catalyzing the plot or subplot with his various personas , and despite his increasingly evident self-interest , he often serves to counsel the show 's main characters , by humorously affirming or bluntly disregarding their opinions . When voicing the character , MacFarlane speaks in a swish accent intended to resemble Paul Lynde ( who played Uncle Arthur in Bewitched ) . In 2014 , Roger was voted `` Gayest Cartoon Character of All Time '' in a first-ever March Madness style competition held by Logo TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8c2c6fc8c750586c7689db8dfe08945", "text": "Jim Henson Records Jim Henson Records was a short-lived music label made by The Jim Henson Company and BMG Kidz . It began in 1988 with the soundtrack for the film Kokomo . Despite the decreasing popularity of the Muppets following the death of Jim Henson , this record line kept the Muppets in the public 's eyes and included some now-rare albums . This line marked the CD debuts of songs from The Muppet Show , Fraggle Rock and the first two movies ( The Muppet Movie and The Great Muppet Caper ) . Henson and BMG released 2 CDs of key Muppet songs , they unearthed old recordings from 1984 featuring Jim Henson as Rowlf the Dog singing some classic songs ( Ol' Brown Ears is Back ) and a Muppet Beach Party CD featuring The Beach Boys songs . In the fall of 1994 , the last album released by Jim Henson Records was Kermit Unpigged . The album did not sell and Henson even sued BMG for not selling enough copies , thus ending the label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c00432471818db58cd03745606017b1", "text": "Pervert (album) Pervert is the first album released by American stand-up comedian Phil Mazo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c541e89daad979c9ff0a03fb68a2b31c", "text": "Live from Space Live from Space is the first live album by American rapper Mac Miller . The album was released on December 17 , 2013 , by Rostrum Records . The album was recorded on The Space Migration Tour which ran from June 25 , 2013 , until July 18 , 2013 . The album also features five previously unreleased songs that did n't make his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0b51cb7c554d85ee2a4511b9ae657bb", "text": "Maria McKee (album) Maria McKee is the self-titled debut album by American singer/songwriter Maria McKee , released in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c26a4d45fa536c1d236f25b587c2da", "text": "99 Monkeys 99 Monkeys is a studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Neuwirth . It was released in 1991 by Gold Castle Records . It was produced by Steven Soles and it features guests Katy Moffatt , Billy Swan and Peter Case . It was his first album since 1988 's Back to the Front .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43e4e4994f214c2e401883d1f0096e65", "text": "Prince of Darkness (Alice Cooper album) Prince of Darkness is a compilation album by Alice Cooper released in 1989 . There is no new material released on the album ; however the live version of `` Billion Dollar Babies '' ( Live ) was only released as the B-Side to the RCA single of `` He 's Back ( The Man Behind the Mask ) '' thus making this CD it 's only official digital release .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "18d70b10763d2726dfdb3aaf6a2e4c78", "text": "Doug Jones (actor) Doug Jones ( born May 24 , 1960 ) is an American actor and former contortionist known for roles in the science fiction , fantasy , and horror genres , often wearing heavy makeup to play nonhuman characters . He is perhaps best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Guillermo del Toro , starring in Mimic , as Abe Sapien in Hellboy and Hellboy II : The Golden Army , the Faun and the Pale Man in Pan 's Labyrinth , Crimson Peak and The Shape of Water . He has appeared in films such as Tank Girl , Hocus Pocus and The Bye Bye Man . He also portrayed the titular Silver Surfer in the superhero film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer , as well as appearing in the TV series Falling Skies , Buffy the Vampire Slayer and del Toro 's The Strain . He is currently a series regular in Star Trek : Discovery , as Lt. Saru .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "946b5532355eb3cd23dd734a3f0f6dcc", "text": "The Sasquatch Gang The Sasquatch Gang ( also known as The Sasquatch Dumpling Gang ) is a 2006 comedy film written and directed by Tim Skousen , the first assistant director on Napoleon Dynamite . The six-week shoot was completed in the summer of 2005 . The film premiered in January 2006 at the Slamdance Film Festival , where it won the Audience Award . It was also shown at the HBO US Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen , picking up 2 awards . One for Justin Long for Best Actor and Tim Skousen Best Director . It also showed at the Waterfront Film Festival , New Zealand Film Festival , Sidewalk Film Festival , and Vail Film Festival . The film opened in limited release in the United States on November 30 , 2007 . The film was released on DVD on March 25 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "337590d62612c5de51571bc2e19f1d67", "text": "Easter Bunny, Kill! Kill! Easter Bunny , Kill ! Kill ! is a 2006 horror film written and directed by Chad Ferrin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cfe4e0cb08c10a80959956f5369e52f", "text": "Lust Connection Lust Connection is a 2005 American thriller film directed by Jim Wynorski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a0ab21f35ca5a2ca6fc32de8666d15", "text": "Doug Willis Douglas `` Doug '' Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Terence Donovan . Doug was introduced by executive producer Don Battye as the patriarch of the newly introduced Willis family . Donovan explained that being part of `` a loving family '' was one of the main reasons he accepted the role . He said he was happy to stay around for as long as the producers wanted him . Donovan made his first screen appearance as Doug during the episode broadcast on 18 July 1990 . Doug was portrayed as a man 's man , down-to-earth , easy-going and friendly . Doug was a builder , who loved his family and enjoyed spending time with his friends . Despite being `` an easy touch '' as a father , Doug could balance understanding with discipline . Doug and his wife , Pam ( Sue Jones ) had a solid marriage until they began to neglect each other due to work . When Doug thought Pam was having an affair with their neighbour Jim Robinson ( Alan Dale ) , he ended up having a one-night stand with Jill Weir ( Lyn Semler ) . Doug 's father , Bert ( Bud Tingwell ) , was introduced in 1993 . They had had a difficult relationship , but Doug made amends with his father when he learned he was dying . Shortly after , Doug got into debt and lost his job , causing him to sink into a deep depression . One of Doug 's last storylines saw him suffer a health scare in which he had to undergo an emergency operation . The character departed on 15 September 1994 , after being written out . In July 2005 , Donovan reprised his role as part of the show 's 20th anniversary celebrations . He reprised the role again in April 2014 and Doug came to Ramsay Street to visit his family . He was also diagnosed with Alzheimer 's disease . Doug continued to make guest appearances until his death in April 2016 , with his storylines mostly focusing on the progression of his Alzheimer 's and how it affects him and his family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3df0e0fdc527c8abbc6daa9e50f6ad", "text": "Three (2006 film) Three ( sometimes stylized Thr3e ) is a 2006 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Ted Dekker . It was directed by Robby Henson . It grossed $ 1.4 million and has a 5 % approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes , which called it a `` thrill-free thriller '' in its critical consensus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d7b02a52f420691fa8a1c0b9b5031ad", "text": "Doug Stone discography The discography of American country music singer Doug Stone consists of nine studio albums and thirty-two singles . His self-titled debut album was released in 1990 on Epic Records . The album produced three top 10 singles , and a number one single , `` In a Different Light '' . The album reached # 12 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart , and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . I Thought It Was You , his second album , was also certified platinum . It was followed by a Christmas album and 1992 's gold-certified From the Heart . A fourth album for Epic , the gold More Love , featured songs from the film Gordy , his acting debut . After a greatest hits package in 1995 , he released Faith in Me , Faith in You on Columbia Records . This album produced no Top 10 hits , however , and Stone did not release any albums until 1999 's Make Up in Love on Atlantic Records , followed by the unsuccessful The Long Way on Audium . In 2005 , Stone signed to Lofton Creek Records . Since signing , he has released two studio albums for the label . Neither album produced a charting single . He has sold 8 million records world-wide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b10a85a2858982016ff183e04187841f", "text": "Quiet Kill Quiet Kill , also known as Nightmare Boulevard , is a 2004 film directed by Mark Jones . It stars Corbin Bernsen and Claudia Christian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1d65cd203adfbd1a36549828dcb73e", "text": "Live at Sturgis 2006 Live at Sturgis 2006 is a live concert DVD filmed by Canadian rock band , Nickelback . It is the band 's first live DVD since 2002 's release of Live at Home . The DVD was released exclusively at Walmart stores on December 2 , 2008 . The concert was filmed in 2006 in Sturgis , South Dakota during the tour supporting their album All the Right Reasons . The concert was at the Sturgis 2006 `` Rockin ' The Rally '' Show at the Sturgis Bike Rally . Filmed in Hi Definition by 15 cameras , there was a crowd of 35,000 attending the performance . The DVD was meant to be released in December 2007 , but was delayed to coincide with the release of their album Dark Horse which had come out on November 18 , 2008 , a year later . The Blu-ray Disc release of Live At Sturgis was released in late 2009 . It was certificated Gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51b316c43e990039a1231d46cef2ce8", "text": "Stoned (film) Stoned , also known as The Wild and Wycked World of Brian Jones in the UK , is a 2005 film about Brian Jones , one of the founding members of The Rolling Stones . The film is a cinematic work of historical fiction , taking as its premise the idea that Jones was murdered by Frank Thorogood , a builder who had been hired to renovate and improve Jones 's house Cotchford Farm in East Sussex . The film also paints a picture of Jones 's use of alcohol and drugs , and his relationships with Anita Pallenberg and Anna Wohlin . The film was directed by Stephen Woolley , and written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade . Leo Gregory played the role of Brian Jones and Paddy Considine of Frank Thorogood . This film grossed $ 38,922 in limited theatrical release in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df3f02cdde3be4409f855dd89684c60c", "text": "Stay Alive Stay Alive is a 2006 American slasher film directed by William Brent Bell , who co-wrote it with Matthew Peterman . It was produced by McG , and was released on March 24 , 2006 in the US . It was the first film in five years released by Hollywood Pictures . It was also Disney 's only slasher film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701114f9f5afab4c74e99be273917cf9", "text": "Bondage (2006 film) Bondage is a 2006 film written and directed by Eric Allen Bell ( creator of Global One TV ) . The film had limited release in January 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9d634b1c09fb1eda308173681d04f", "text": "Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film . In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c858da7de4ecaab1baca0f78ae6fcfea", "text": "Driftwood (2006 film) Driftwood is a 2006 horror film that was shown at the Screamfest LA International Horror Film Festival on October 20 , 2006 . The film was released on DVD on November 13 , 2007 . Driftwood was directed by Tim Sullivan and starring Raviv Ullman and Diamond Dallas Page .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79559f3c8bd76862ed7cd0cbc68dbf18", "text": "Reservoir Dogs (video game) Reservoir Dogs is a video game based on the Quentin Tarantino film of the same name . Released in 2006 , it garnered mostly mediocre reviews and caused minor controversies for its violence , being banned in Australia and New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c91e5b1bc15046d0a7da16af3797ffa", "text": "Heart Is... Heart is ... , also known as Hearty Paws , is a 2006 South Korean drama film directed by Park Eun-hyung and Oh Dal-kyun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a1ef0e73ecc5943ca09f36f14d1c250", "text": "Drift (film series) The film series consist of street racing films produced by Geneon Universal Entertainment released between 2006 and 2008 . All the films are set on racing touge roads .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36eeb61ed5ece44dc296e3567f43676b", "text": "Jerry (film) Jerry is a 2006 Indian comedy film . The film was earlier titled Idhuthan Kadhal Enbathaa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "860542f09d5c24d77f330948963df48a", "text": "List of Malayalam films of 2006 The following is a list of Malayalam films released in the year 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa93b975e71dc47e97debb200ade2512", "text": "Sunflower (2006 film) Sunflower is a 2006 South Korean film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "01627767984f1d259d857bcdc6921033", "text": "Michelle Pfeiffer Michelle Marie Pfeiffer ( -LSB- ˈfaɪfər -RSB- born April 29 , 1958 ) is an American actress , singer and producer . Described by the media as a character actress , Pfeiffer is known for her versatility , period roles , ability to mask her true feelings while in character , and portraying funny , intelligent female characters with strong sex appeal throughout the 1980s and 1990s . She began her acting career in 1978 and had her first starring film role in Grease 2 ( 1982 ) , before receiving mainstream attention for her breakout performance in Scarface ( 1983 ) . Her greatest commercial successes include Batman Returns ( 1992 ) , Dangerous Minds ( 1995 ) , What Lies Beneath ( 2000 ) and Hairspray ( 2007 ) . Pfeiffer was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Dangerous Liaisons ( 1988 ) , and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Drama for The Fabulous Baker Boys ( 1989 ) . She received a third Oscar nomination for Love Field ( 1992 ) . Her other notable film roles include The Witches of Eastwick ( 1987 ) , Married to the Mob ( 1988 ) , Frankie and Johnny ( 1991 ) , The Age of Innocence ( 1993 ) , Wolf ( 1994 ) and White Oleander ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb9801e79d0ed9a170e2c72352b32a9", "text": "Gemini (astrology) Gemini ( pronunciation : -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪniː -RSB- or ) is the third astrological sign in the zodiac , originating from the constellation of Gemini . Under the tropical zodiac , the sun transits this sign between May 21 and June 21 . Gemini is represented by The Twins Castor and Pollux . The symbol of the twins is based on the Dioscuri , two mortals that were granted shared godhood after death .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "074c4ff4732ad6fbfdb2595eee5f726a", "text": "Michelle (song) `` Michelle '' is a love ballad by the Beatles , composed principally by Paul McCartney , with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon . It is featured on their Rubber Soul album , released in December 1965 . The song is unique among Beatles recordings in that some of its lyrics are in French . `` Michelle '' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and often recorded of all Beatles songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9a2fe9bb3cdade5ad080f4cfd931e48", "text": "Divine Gemini Divine Gemini is an album of duets by vibraphonist Walt Dickerson and bassist Richard Davis recorded in 1977 for the SteepleChase label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4665ff1503ededdb09dcf503739bc57a", "text": "Tamara Taggart Tamara Taggart , OBC is a Canadian television presenter , born on May 2 , 1968 , in Vancouver , British Columbia . She currently serves as the weekday anchor of CTV News at Six alongside Mike Killeen on CIVT-TV ( `` CTV British Columbia '' ) in Vancouver , British Columbia . Taggart 's career in broadcasting started while she was attending BCIT in Burnaby , British Columbia , where she was enrolled in the Broadcast Communications program . She graduated in 1991 ( her class included Vancouver sports broadcaster John Shorthouse ) . Her early work was in radio and concert promotion . However , in 1997 , she landed a recurring role on community calendar spots on CIVT-TV ( then known as `` Vancouver Television '' ) . From there , she moved on to co-host the breakfast show and then , later , the entertainment spot on the evening news . In 2001 , Taggart moved over to the weather desk where she stayed for 9 years . During the station 's 5pm , 6pm and 11:30 pm newscasts she presented the forecast from CTV 's studios as well as various ( and numerous ) locations around Vancouver , the Lower Mainland and on Vancouver Island . In January 2011 , Taggart transferred to the CTV news desk . Taggart also hosted a home renovation show , Love It or Lose It for two seasons , on the Home and Garden TV network ( HGTV ) . Taggart had minor roles in the films Antitrust ( film ) , Josie and the Pussycats , Halloween : Resurrection and Along Came a Spider and on several television series , including , Robson Arms , Cold Squad , and Touching Evil . The Georgia Straight Annual Reader 's Poll has named Taggart as Vancouver 's `` Best TV Weather Person '' and `` Best TV Personality '' in 2002 , 2003 and 2004 . She was named `` Woman of the Year '' at the Consumer 's Choice Awards in 2003 and has appeared on the cover of TV Week Magazine seven times . In 2005 , Taggart was nominated for a Leo Award for `` Best Host , Lifestyles Series '' for Love It or Lose It . Taggart has also been featured in Hello Canada in July 2009 and August 2009 . Taggart was married on February 4 , 2006 , to Juno award-winning guitarist and record producer Dave Genn , formerly of the Matthew Good Band and currently of the band 54-40 . ( Senator Larry Campbell , former mayor of Vancouver , served as the officiant at the marriage ceremony . ) Tamara and her husband Dave have a son , Beckett , born August 2 , 2007 ; a daughter , Zoë , born September 24 , 2008 ; and a daughter , Poppy , born August 16 , 2010 . Taggart co-hosted Live ! with Regis and Kelly for one day on Friday August 21 , 2009 . On December 8 , 2010 , it was announced that Taggart would co-anchor the CTV News at Six alongside Mike Killeen , effective January 3 , 2011 , following the stepping-down of longtime anchors Pamela Martin and Bill Good .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a011327b104cfba2044192dd494531c4", "text": "Colossal Pictures Colossal Pictures ( styled as ( Colossal ) Pictures or ( C ) P ) was an entertainment company that developed and produced television programming , advertising , network branding , and visual effects . Colossal 's work has won every major industry award , from the Clio , Emmy and Grammy to the Cannes Gold Lion and Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Top Honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b534aa7078b3431d7aac6cd7e071de2", "text": "Malefic planet In astrology , a malefic planet , or simply malefic , is thought to bring bad luck and misfortune to those born within its radius . Traditionally , Mars and Saturn are considered the malefic planets , with Mars being the lesser malefic and Saturn the greater . In modern astrology Uranus , Neptune , and Pluto are also considered malefic when in hard aspect to a personal planet -- that is , either conjuncted , square or in opposition to the personal planet . They are opposed to the benefic planets such as Jupiter and Venus , which are said to grant good fortune by contrast . A planet that is placed between two malefic planets , traditionally Mars and Saturn , is said to be `` besieged '' . Besieged planets are believed to be very restricted in their functioning , so even if a planet is a benefic , the fact that it is besieged means the beneficial attributes it would normally emanate will be lessened whilst in that configuration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7eefe030788b62124a0b3745c18aa8", "text": "Leap Day (30 Rock) `` Leap Day '' is the eighth episode of the sixth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock , and the 112th overall episode of the series . It was directed by Steve Buscemi , and written by Luke Del Tredici . The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on February 23 , 2012 , and received positive reviews for its inventive script and the engaging performance by its guest stars . The episode revolves around star Liz Lemon ( portrayed by Tina Fey ) facing a crisis when presented with an extravagant sum of money to have sex with an old acquaintance while her boss Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) learns the true meaning of Leap Day and the possibilities it presents to mend broken relationships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b812dad24ac6978ec372c616e09c8b2", "text": "Lorraine Ziff Lorraine Ziff ( born in Bronx , New York ) is an American actress She received a Bachelor of Arts double degree in theater and communications from Marymount College , Tarrytown and her master 's degree in social work from Fordham . As an actress she stars alongside Robert Picardo and Gary Busey in `` Mansion of Blood '' , which , originally planned for 2012 , is now scheduled for a 2014 release . She also appears in Treachery with Michael Biehn and co-stars in the forthcoming supernatural Western Six Gun Savior with Eric Roberts . She is married to insurance broker Laurence F. Ziff and is the mother of the actor and model Matthew Ziff . She and her husband , who has previously served as a trustee of the Garden State Cancer Center , are philanthropically active in raising money for cancer research . Ziff is also a licensed psycho-therapist , a skill which she has indicated can come in handy on the set", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cf1ef939bd9774c5f44411796a0ac98", "text": "Gemini Docking Mechanism The Gemini spacecraft was the first American craft that could dock to another in space . It use a non-androgynous docking mechanism . The docking system was not hollow , so there was no ability to transfer people or material between the craft ; the docking system merely locked two craft together .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "468bbf41d484819041f6846b92830c65", "text": "Grace (Stargate SG-1) `` Grace '' is an episode from Season 7 of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 . Amanda Tapping won a Leo Award in the category `` Dramatic Series : Best Lead Performance - Female '' for this episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca90d356ecf91241fb3a5dcb32511a5", "text": "Planet P Project Planet P Project is a pseudonym used by American rock musician Tony Carey for his science-fiction themed , progressive rock/space rock music . Carey has released six albums under the Planet P Project name : Planet P ( 1983 , later retitled Planet P Project ) , Pink World ( 1984 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part I ( 1931 ) ( 2005 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part II ( Levittown ) ( 2008 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part III ( Out in the Rain ) ( 2009 ) and Steeltown ( 2013 ) . Music videos for singles from the first albums received heavy to moderate airplay on MTV , when originally released . Pink World was originally a two-record set , released on bright-pink-colored vinyl . Planet P 's most well known singles were `` Why Me ? '' ( a sweeping , energetic romp about outer space and isolation ) , and the downbeat `` Static '' . Go Out Dancing , Part I ( 1931 ) is the first of the trilogy , with part two titled Go Out Dancing , Part II ( Levittown ) and part three as Go Out Dancing , Part III ( Out in the Rain ) . The project 's name was inspired from the fictional `` Planet P '' in Robert A. Heinlein 's book Starship Troopers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd4b7378cb502e599afa142f007ffe", "text": "Gemini Major Benn Gilbert Kamoto ( born June 14 , 1990 ) , better known by his stage name Gemini Major , is a Malawian-born record producer and Singer-songwriter . Gemini Major is currently signed to Family Tree Records , a South African independent record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c5c52c26a64c27c33e9695a187feccb", "text": "L'Affaire Dumont L'Affaire Dumont is a Canadian drama film , released in 2012 . Written by Danielle Dansereau and directed by Daniel `` Podz '' Grou , the film stars Marc-André Grondin as Michel Dumont , a divorced young father of two who is accused of a sexual assault he did not commit . The film 's cast also includes Geneviève Brouillette , Patrick Hivon and Marilyn Castonguay . The film garnered seven Canadian Screen Awards nominations at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Grondin ) , Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Castonguay ) , Best Art Direction and Production Design ( André Guimond ) , Best Editing ( Valérie Héroux ) , Best Sound Editing ( Pierre-Jules Audet , Michelle Cloutier , Thierry Bourgault D'Amico , Nathalie Fleurant and Cédrick Marin ) and Best Make-Up ( Marlène Rouleau and André Duval ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1592cf2697ecc35f164bdf825156e998", "text": "Gemini TV Gemini TV is Telugu television channel launched in February 9 , 1995 by Sun TV Network . The channel 's programming includes serials , films , film-based programs , game shows and News . It broadcasts serials , films , live shows , game shows and news . Its HD feed was launched on December 11 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36c10b82f9af76247e34421f3867fe03", "text": "Gemini 9A Gemini 9A ( officially Gemini IX-A ) was a 1966 manned spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . It was the 7th manned Gemini flight , the 13th manned American flight and the 23rd spaceflight of all time ( includes X-15 flights over 100 km ) . The original crew for Gemini 9 , command pilot Elliot See and pilot Charles Bassett , were killed in a crash on February 28 , 1966 while flying a T-38 jet trainer to the McDonnell Aircraft plant in St. Louis , Missouri to inspect their spacecraft . The mission was flown June 3 -- 6 , 1966 by backup command pilot Thomas P. Stafford and pilot Eugene Cernan . The astronauts rendezvoused with the Augmented Target Docking Adaptor , but were unable to dock with it because the nose fairing failed to eject from the docking target due to a launch preparation error . Cernan performed a two-hour extravehicular activity , during which he was planned to demonstrate free flight in a self-contained rocket pack , the Astronaut Maneuvering Unit . He was unable to accomplish this due to stress , fatigue , and overheating .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f096b432f96e0fabe37fb1edd938986", "text": "Enuff Z'nuff (album) Enuff Z'Nuff is the self-titled studio album by American hard rock band Enuff Z'Nuff , released in 1989 on Atco Records . This debut album continues to be the best selling album in the band 's catalog . The album 's first single , the rock song `` New Thing , '' received steady radio and MTV airplay , peaking at # 67 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Their follow-up single , a ballad called `` Fly High Michelle , '' would prove to be the band 's biggest hit , peaking at # 47 on the same chart . Promotional CDs were created for another song , a ballad called `` For Now , '' but this single was apparently cancelled while the band focused on their follow-up record , 1991 's Strength album . Additional exposure for the album occurred with the album tracks `` Hot Little Summer Girl '' and `` I Could Never Be Without You '' being featured on the popular TV shows Beverly Hills , 90210 and Northern Exposure . A few years later , the band 's glam appearance in their video for `` Fly High Michelle '' would be parodied on MTV 's Beavis & Butt-head .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e3833990a609ac14d884f9702892ac", "text": "Gemini Suite Live Gemini Suite Live is a recording of Jon Lord 's classical/rock piece Gemini Suite featuring the original Mark II band lineup of Deep Purple , recorded live during this one and only live performance in 1970 . A follow up to their `` Concerto '' Project , it featured five movements for the individual members of the band , including a guitar piece from Blackmore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d48c36b52975f1106cdd29eadab34ae", "text": "Aquarius (astrology) Aquarius ( Greek : Ὑδροχόος Hydrokhoös , Latin : Aquārius ) is the eleventh astrological sign in the Zodiac , originating from the constellation Aquarius . The water carrier represented by the zodiacal constellation Aquarius is Ganymede , a beautiful Phrygian youth . Ganymede was the son of Tros , king of Troy ( according to Lucian , he was also the son of Dardanus ) . While tending to his father 's flocks on Mount Ida , Ganymede was spotted by Jupiter . The king of gods became enamored of the boy and flew down to the mountain in the form of a large bird , whisking Ganymede away to the heavens . Ever since , the boy has served as cupbearer to the gods . Ovid has Orpheus sing the tale : `` The king of the gods was once fired with love for Phrygian Ganymede , and when that happened Jupiter found another shape preferable to his own . Wishing to turn himself into a bird , he none the less scorned to change into any save that which can carry his thunderbolts . Then without delay , beating the air on borrowed pinions , he snatched away the shepherd of Ilium , who even now mixes the winecups , and supplies Jove with nectar , to the annoyance of Juno '' ( Metamorphoses X 154-160 ) . Aquarius is a summer constellation in the northern hemisphere , found near Pisces and Cetus . It is especially notable as the radiant for four meteor showers , the largest of which is the Delta Aquarid meteor shower in late July and early August . Under the tropical zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius typically between January 20 and February 18 , while under the Sidereal Zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius from approximately February 15 to March 14 , depending on leap year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5920f1aa29544cad707c96f03ee1bd", "text": "Blue Gemini Blue Gemini was a United States Air Force ( USAF ) project first proposed in August 1962 for a series of seven flights of Gemini spacecraft to enable the Air Force to gain manned spaceflight experience prior to the launch of the Manned Orbital Development System , or MODS . The plan was to use off-the-shelf Gemini spacecraft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30664c6b2e8ec386f3123bb5cfadf59c", "text": "PlaNet Finance China PlaNet Finance China ( PFC ) ( Chinese : 沛丰中国 ) is a non-profit organization that works for sustainable social and economic development in China by supporting and promoting the microfinance sector . It is the representative office of the international non-profit organization PlaNet Finance Group . PFC works with partner organizations and offers technical assistance to financial institutions and microfinance institutions ( MFIs ) that seeks to improve performance , or to extend their portfolios into microcredit and small lending . PFC runs diagnostics on city commercial banks , village banks , and MFIs to help them adopt international best practices with respect to governance , credit risk management , process optimization and cost-efficiency , liquidity management and strategy formation . PFC is based in Beijing , and has been involved in the Chinese microfinance sector since 2003 . Its Executive Director is Gabrielle Harris .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "17935f87cb5e6ba523bd73fc34943c34", "text": "20th Century Fox Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation ( known as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation with a hyphen from 1935 until 1985 , professionally as 20th Century Fox , Twentieth Century Fox or simply known as Fox ) is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox . It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles , just west of Beverly Hills . The studio was formerly owned by News Corporation . 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America . In 2015 , 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc07d6b48325dd71368077a75aa5fbc", "text": "Joy (film) Joy is a 2015 American biographical comedy-drama film , written and directed by David O. Russell and starring Jennifer Lawrence as Joy Mangano , about whom the story is loosely based as a self-made millionaire who created her own business empire . Joy received a theatrical release on December 25 , 2015 , distributed by 20th Century Fox . It received mixed reviews from critics , who praised Lawrence 's performance but criticized the writing and pace of the film . Lawrence received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her performance . Joy was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , among other accolades .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ed392ed6f0e7ab9f95151bb7c7b7a432", "text": "Country Joy Country Joy is a Canadian soap opera television series which aired on CBC Television from 1979 to 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f61a93eb0e49f1e1b7ff68725383fadb", "text": "Joyride (Oleander album) Joyride is the third major label studio album from post-grunge band Oleander . It was released on March 4 , 2003 through Sanctuary Records and marks the band 's first studio album with the label . Joyride also marks a return to the band 's focus on aggressive hard rock that was less apparent on their previous , more experimental effort , Unwind .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a947d8784789ae9eca9f0c6f302e0c", "text": "Joyful Noise Recordings Joyful Noise Recordings is an independent record label from Indianapolis , Indiana . The label was founded in 2003 in Bloomington , Indiana by Karl Hofstetter , who also played drums on many of the label 's first releases . Joyful Noise currently has a roster of 20 + bands of various musical styles , though according to the label , each artist `` in one way or another bridges this gap between pop and noise . '' Along with housing offices and the warehouse of the label , their Fountain Square location hosts live shows and a small record store . In 2010 Joyful Noise began focusing largely on limited edition specialty releases which are generally released on analog formats packaged with music downloads . In addition to releases on vinyl records , the label has gained notoriety for being at the forefront of the resurgence of cassette tapes and flexi-discs , as reported by The Washington Post , Pitchfork Media , Under The Radar , and others . Joyful Noise has released single-album cassettes from Akron/Family , Dinosaur Jr. , Deerhoof , of Montreal , Here We Go Magic , and others , and has released multi-album Cassette Box Sets from Dinosaur Jr. , of Montreal , and Joan Of Arc . In 2012 Joyful Noise released their first album to chart on Billboard : Kishi Bashi `` 151a '' ( debuting at # 6 on the `` Heatseekers '' chart ) . Since that time , new music on Joyful Noise from artists such as Sebadoh , Dumb Numbers , David Yow , and Son Lux have all charted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d66c0a5143178ef6cf9393de08b35e3", "text": "Joy (disambiguation) Joy is an emotion in response to a pleasant observation or a remembrance thereof . Joy may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24b5dc350251ddd0230189e65c99e058", "text": "World of Delight is a 2015 Japanese youth romance film directed by . It is based on the novel by Hiro Arikawa . It was released on November 21 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d61940558f6baa854cfac3f831b36ac5", "text": "Joy (South African band) Joy was a South African female vocal group , who had a charts-topping hit in South Africa in 1980 with `` Paradise Road '' . The record spent nine weeks at the No. 1 spot , and went on to become considered an unofficial South African anthem . Felicia Marion , Thoko Ndlozi and Anneline Malebo joined forces in 1979 and proceeded to set South African stages alight with colourful and fiery performances . They were very successful in the South African charts as well . Prior to their forming , each singer led a solo career . Thoko Ndlozi had appeared in a couple of Gibson Kente 's productions , Zwi and Sikalo , and had sung with the Uncle Joe Rhythm Cabins . Felicia Marion did backing vocals for Sammy Brown and toured the country with the Sound Black Shows . Anneline Malebo toured with the Rockets and recorded two solo singles : `` Let 's Live Together '' ( 1976 ) and `` Love The Way You Love '' ( 1977 ) . Brenda Fassie sang with Joy for a short period , filling in for Anneline Malebo who was on maternity leave . Joy have supported Lamont Dozier , Timmy Thomas , Clarence Carter and Dobie Gray on their South African tours , and Leo Sayer at Sun City . The trio also held a lengthy singing-recording relationship with Spirits Rejoice . Joy won two SARIE Awards for Best Vocal Group and Best English LP of the Year in 1980 . They broke up in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fe470d3af98c8e9fac4ae1d475a6ff6", "text": "Jōyō, Kyoto is a city located in Kyoto Prefecture , Kansai , Japan . It is halfway between Kyoto and Nara . It contains historical sites including the Shibagahara Tomb and Mito shrine . The city was founded on May 3 , 1972 . As of 2015 , the city has an estimated population of 76,869 and a population density of 2350.5 persons per km ² . The total area is 32.71 km ² .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68e273b4791f46535ceaf07625979b3c", "text": "Joy Enriquez (album) Joy Enriquez is the debut studio album from American singer Joy Enriquez . the album was released in September 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e2d41d5f89e5c86e1e65b870bcf1754", "text": "World of Glory World of Glory is a 1991 Swedish short film written and directed by Roy Andersson . Its original Swedish title is Härlig är jorden , which means `` Lovely is the Earth '' , and is the Swedish title of the hymn `` Fairest Lord Jesus '' . The narrative portrays a man in white make-up who guides the viewer through his life in a bleakly stylised world . The film was Andersson 's critical comeback to cinema , after many years in advertising .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a181d7bc248b1f0395e81f4aa9109d9", "text": "Comfort and Joy (1984 film) Comfort and Joy is a 1984 Scottish comedy film written and directed by Bill Forsyth and starring Bill Paterson as a radio disc jockey whose life undergoes a bizarre upheaval after his girlfriend leaves him . After he witnesses an attack on an ice cream van by angry competitors , he is led into the struggle between two Italian families over the ice cream market of Glasgow . The film received a BAFTA Award Nomination for Best Original Screenplay in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "749bfd09b56d85aad430e8f770d825e1", "text": "Joy Boushel Joy Boushel ( born 15 December 1959 ) is an actress who appeared in a handful of movies and TV shows . Boushel 's acting career has consisted of Pick-up Summer ( 1980 ) , Terror Train ( 1980 ) , Quest for Fire ( 1982 ) , Humongous ( 1982 ) , Thrillkill ( 1984 ) , The Fly ( 1986 ) , Keeping Track ( 1987 ) , Look Who 's Talking ( 1989 ) , and Cursed ( 1990 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "043e485491939f4ae16d8dfab5f98c12", "text": "Happiness (2016 film) Happiness is a 2016 Hong Kong drama film directed and written by Andy Lo . Centred around the story of a cognitive disorder patient , the film stars Kara Wai , Carlos Chan and Cya Liu . It was released on 8 September 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc74e925214f535fd573eafe90ce6a8e", "text": "List of Joys of Life episodes Below is an episodic synopsis of Joys of Life , which consists of 35 episodes and broadcast on MediaCorp Channel 8 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353dc0d746cd7d6bc2baa8f869158f17", "text": "Joy, Texas Joy is an unincorporated community 1 mi west of the intersection of Farm to Market Road 173 and State Highway 148 , 16 mi south of Henrietta in southern Clay County , Texas , United States . The population was about 45 in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9068d7e9e360403bd15be8490c400310", "text": "Joy Behar Josephine Victoria Behar ( -LSB- ˈbeɪhɑːr -RSB- née Occhiuto ; born October 7 , 1942 ) is an American comedian , writer , and actress . She co-hosts the ABC daytime talk show The View . She hosted The Joy Behar Show on HLN from 2009 to 2011 and Joy Behar : Say Anything ! on Current TV , from 2012 until the channel switched formats in August 2013 . Behar 's new weekly late-night talk show , Late Night Joy , premiered on TLC in November 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1e27cd7b20fbdaac12a4b07936cea83", "text": "Unknown Pleasures Unknown Pleasures is the debut studio album by English rock band Joy Division , released on 15 June 1979 on Tony Wilson 's Factory Records . It followed an abandoned session for RCA Records , and was recorded and mixed over three weekends at Strawberry Studios , Stockport in April 1979 with record producer Martin Hannett . The cover artwork was designed by artist Peter Saville . It is the only Joy Division album released during lead singer Ian Curtis 's lifetime . Factory did not release any singles from the album , and it did not chart despite the relative success of the group 's non-album debut single `` Transmission '' . Unknown Pleasures has since received sustained critical acclaim as a pioneering and influential post-punk album . It has been named as one of the best albums of all-time by publications such as NME , AllMusic , and Select .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33a99a6bc87e4d870ea0cf339a399d3", "text": "Joyland (Great Yarmouth) Joyland is a historic free entry amusement park located in Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , on the coast of East Anglia . The theme park opened in 1949 on the site of the former Anchor Gardens next to Britannia Pier . The park is famous locally and across the country for the Snails and Tyrolean Tubs rides designed and manufactured by engineering entrepreneur Horace Cole and the family-owned engineering business . The Tyrolean Tubs is notable as the only Virginia Reel roller coaster ( albeit in miniature form ) in operation in the world . Joyland is renowned for its heritage rides , which have remained unchanged through generations of patrons , allowing parents to share the rides remembered from their childhood with their children . The biggest change to the park occurred in 1984 when the main centerpiece of the park ( a 1950s Noah 's Ark ride ) was removed and replaced with a space shuttle attraction called the `` Space Base '' and then again in 1996 when the centrepiece was demolished and replaced by a spooky themed roller coaster twisting around the peak of the mountain while various fiberglass toy figurines adorn the side of the large green mountain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76d74e41ecfe96d1207a4a6df0680d5", "text": "The Joy Of... The Joy Of ... is an album by FourPlay String Quartet.This is their second studio album , though still predominantly consisting of covers , has more original pieces than their debut album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b664f240c78ef3df45e19c376e99c08b", "text": "Petra Joy Petra Joy ( born 1964 in Kempten , West Germany ) is an award-winning German feminist film director , film producer , TV producer , distributor , author , and photographer . She lives in Brighton , England . Along with Candida Royalle , Annie Sprinkle , Maria Beatty , and others , she is one of the pioneers of the movement to make pornography for women . Her genre is described as `` art-core , '' meaning the focus is on sexuality from the female perspective , female pleasure , and creative , sensual play . Common themes in her erotic films include safe sex , men seen as sexual objects , female fantasies , and male bisexuality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "968db07db3766c950db20c0d979e0d0f", "text": "Waiting for Happiness Waiting for Happiness ( original title : Heremakono ) is a 2002 drama film written and directed by Abderrahmane Sissako . Main characters are a student , who has returned to his home in Nouadhibou , an electrician and his child apprentice , and the local women . The film is characterized by a succession of scenes of the daily life of the characters which are unique to their particular African and Arab cultures , while borrowing from tropes of Tayeb Saleh 's Season of Migration to the North . The viewer must interpret the scenes without much help from narrator or plot , while the structure of the film hangs on a series of mundane but visually arresting moments , many of which are repeated in other works in Abderrahmane Sissako 's opus , including scenes at a barber shop and a photo booth , also present in his earlier La Vie Sur Terre and later Timbuktu . The film presents typical Mauritanian moments of beauty , struggle , alienation , and humor , which are experienced by groups socially divided from each other , such as Bidhan women drinking tea and gossiping , West African migrants passing through Mauritania to get to Europe ( and finding an unsuccessful comrade washed ashore ) . The young protagonist who has returned interacts with all of these groups as an outsider , as he struggles to remember even his own Hassaniya Arabic dialect , but prefers instead French . Many of the themes and characters presage Sissako 's 2014 film Timbuktu , and both explore liminal Sahel identities authentically situated in everyday life . Waiting for Happiness premiered at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fa2ffc9b88ad09efc2961554d5007458", "text": "The Americans (2013 TV series) The Americans is an American television period drama series created and produced by former CIA officer Joe Weisberg . The series premiered in the United States on January 30 , 2013 on the cable network FX . Set in the early 1980s during the Cold War , The Americans is the story of Elizabeth ( Keri Russell ) and Philip Jennings ( Matthew Rhys ) , two Soviet KGB officers posing as an American married couple living in the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington , D.C. , with their children Paige ( Holly Taylor ) and Henry ( Keidrich Sellati ) and their neighbor Stan Beeman ( Noah Emmerich ) , an FBI agent working in counterintelligence . On May 25 , 2016 , FX set an end-date for the series by renewing it for a fifth and sixth season . The 10-episode sixth and final season is slated to air in 2018 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b2bdd5b7714cee1ed81a93b677012497", "text": "List of American Experience episodes American Experience , originally titled The American Experience , is an American television program and a PBS documentary series created by Peter McGhee . The series airs documentaries about historic events or historical figures that had an impact upon the United States government or its citizens . The show is produced primarily by WGBH-TV , a television station and PBS member located in Boston , Massachusetts . WGBH-TV creates non-commercial educational programs and distributes them on public television stations throughout the United States . However , other PBS affiliate stations , such as WNET in New York City , have co-produced episodes for the television series . Since the programs debut on October 4 , 1988 , American Experience has broadcast 326 episodes and has been a recipient of over 265 broadcast and web awards . The program 's twenty-ninth season premiered on January 10 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d223f3bc4831a2b83c5a5c76fa9c9d", "text": "Amerika (miniseries) Amerika is an American television miniseries that was broadcast in 1987 on ABC . The miniseries inspired a novelization entitled Amerika : The Triumph of the American Spirit . Amerika starred Kris Kristofferson , Mariel Hemingway , Sam Neill , Robert Urich , and a 17-year-old Lara Flynn Boyle in her first major role . Amerika was about life in the United States after a bloodless takeover engineered by the Soviet Union . Not wanting to depict the actual takeover , ABC Entertainment president Brandon Stoddard set the miniseries ten years after the event , focusing on the demoralized U.S. people a decade after the Soviet conquest . The intent , he later explained , was to explore the U.S. spirit under such conditions , not to portray the conflict of the Soviet coup . Described in promotional materials as `` the most ambitious American miniseries ever created , '' Amerika aired for 14 1/2 hours ( including commercials ) over seven nights ( beginning February 15 , 1987 ) , and reportedly cost US$ 40 million to produce . The miniseries was filmed in the Golden Horseshoe and southwestern Ontario Canadian cities of Toronto , London , and Hamilton , as well as various locations in the U.S. state of Nebraska -- most notably the small town of Tecumseh , which served as `` Milford , '' the fictional setting for most of the series . Donald Wrye was the executive producer , director , and writer of Amerika , while composer Basil Poledouris scored the miniseries , ultimately recording ( with the Hollywood Symphony Orchestra ) eight hours of music -- the equivalent of four feature films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc984270ed0956f13831c40751201dd7", "text": "America America America America ( British title The Anatolian Smile -- a reference to an ongoing acknowledgment of the character Stavros ' captivating smile ) is a 1963 American dramatic film directed , produced and written by Elia Kazan , adapted from his own book , published in 1962 . The dust jacket of the novel has no comma in the title , nor does the title in the film itself . Many listings of the film include a comma . Inspired by the life of Kazan 's uncle , Avraam Elia Kazantzoglou , the director uses little-known cast members , with the entire storyline revolving around the central performance of Greek actor Stathis Giallelis ( born 1941 ) , twenty-two years old at the time of production , who is in virtually every scene of the nearly three-hour movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319a3f5a4398cb826006d94589502d44", "text": "The American Way (film) The American Way , also known as Riders of the Storm , is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by Maurice Phillips and starring Dennis Hopper and Michael J. Pollard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2695cd5801c6b79cc9b1bfd707a6d028", "text": "American Empire (film) American Empire is a 1942 American film directed by William C. McGann . The film was released in the United Kingdom as My Son Alone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ffc98b2a1e3faf8dc6f62b0ef502ee", "text": "The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 . The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles . The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago . The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) . The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 . Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . '' Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) . The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8750e73fcfacbc9439059f26a6bc03ff", "text": "Filipino Americans Filipino Americans ( Mga Pilipinong Amerikano ) are Americans of Filipino descent . The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to `` Fil-Ams '' , or `` Pinoy '' . According to Filipino American historian Dawn Mabalon , the earliest appearance of the term Pinoy ( alt . Pinay ) , was in a 1926 issue of the Filipino Student Bulletin . The article that featured the terms , is titled , `` Filipino Women in U.S. Excel in Their Courses : Invade Business , Politics . '' Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines . Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century , with small settlements beginning in the 18th century . Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23ec2193004511519ef24d557938dc12", "text": "Americana (radio series) Americana was a British radio programme broadcast on BBC Radio 4 from spring 2009 to autumn 2011 . It offered a `` mix of discussion , interviews and features , with a focus on the voices of ordinary Americans '' and was touted as the `` successor for the late Alistair Cooke 's Letter from America . '' Americana premiered 31 May 2009 with Matt Frei as presenter ; According to Frei , he expected listeners to Americana would hear `` what America is talking , arguing , fretting , laughing and , yes , dreaming about . We hope to surprise , entertain and inform . And by letting America itself do most of the talking we promise never to be dull . '' After Frei left the BBC in May 2011 , Jonny Dymond took over as presenter . In July 2011 , BBC Radio 4 revealed that Radio 4 controller Gwyneth Williams , `` interest -LSB- ed -RSB- in wider internationalism and less emphasis on the US '' , decided to cancel Americana , effective in autumn . The show 's final episode was broadcast on 11 September 2011 ; the topic was the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c101c419b742666d0f8fe7229c0a23b6", "text": "American poetry american ' poetry '' ' , the poetry of the United States , arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century , well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this unification , a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ) . Unsurprisingly , most of the early colonists ' work relied on contemporary British models of poetic form , diction , and theme . However , in the 19th century , a distinctive American idiom began to emerge . By the later part of that century , when Walt Whitman was winning an enthusiastic audience abroad , poets from the United States had begun to take their place at the forefront of the English-language avant-garde '' . The history of American poetry is not easy to know . Much of the American poetry published between 1910 and 1945 remains lost in the pages of small circulation political periodicals , particularly the ones on the far left , destroyed by librarians during the 1950s McCarthy era . The received narrative of Modernism proposes that Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were perhaps the most influential modernist English-language poets in the period during World War I . But this narrative leaves out African American and women poets who were published and read widely in the first half of the twentieth century . By the 1960s , the young poets of the British Poetry Revival looked to their American contemporaries and predecessors as models for the kind of poetry they wanted to write . Toward the end of the millennium , consideration of American poetry had diversified , as scholars placed an increased emphasis on poetry by women , African Americans , Hispanics , Chicanos and other cultural groupings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b740b20305355946bac11683ae022", "text": "Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players . Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s . The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson . In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director . The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4caf4bc378c43358b69bb34cfc449921", "text": "Stan Freberg Presents the United States of America Volume One: The Early Years Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America Volume One : The Early Years is an American comedy album with music and dialogue written by Stan Freberg , released as Capitol W/SW -1573 in 1961 . Freberg satirizes episodes of the history of the United States from 1492 until the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783 . The album combined dialogue and song in a musical theater format . Billy May orchestrated the music . In addition to Freberg , the cast included the following performers : Jesse White Peter Leeds Byron Kane Colleen Collins Helen Kleeb Shep Menken Walter Tetley Marvin Miller June Foray Barney Phillips Maurice Dallimore Peter Forster John Frank Paul Frees ( narrator ) Freberg used anachronistic and self-referential humour in these sketches , such as referring to the Fourth of July weekend in the `` Declaration of Independence '' sketch , Thanksgiving Day in the skit on `` Take an Indian to Lunch '' as well as the `` Thanksgiving Turkey '' portion , and Columbus Day in `` Columbus Discovers America '' . Freberg also referred to McCarthyism in the `` Declaration of Independence '' sketch , where Benjamin Franklin says , `` You ... sign a harmless petition , and forget all about it ; ten years later , you get hauled up before a committee . '' Admirers of this album have included Steven Spielberg , Richard Dreyfuss and Paul McCartney . Dr. Demento 's listeners have repeatedly voted The United States of America as the greatest comedy album of all time . Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America , Volume Two was planned for a release during America 's Bicentennial in 1976 , but did not emerge until 1996 . In his autobiography , Freberg detailed his efforts to have the songs and skits produced on Broadway ; when this failed , he used material omitted from the original album in the sequel . A third volume was planned . Due to the death of Freberg 's wife , Donna , and Freberg 's personal health problems , the project was shelved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb197b30d700085f9a3f5c30509e6a3", "text": "Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million . In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d56bc464e09c8e3d753d080b7c3e4eb", "text": "The Men Who Built America The Men Who Built America ( also known as The Innovators : The Men Who Built America in some international markets ) is a six-hour , four-part miniseries docudrama which was originally broadcast on the History Channel in the Fall of 2012 , and on the History Channel UK in Spring of 2013 . The series focuses on the lives of Cornelius Vanderbilt , John D. Rockefeller , Andrew Carnegie , J. P. Morgan and Henry Ford and how their industrial innovations and business empires revolutionized modern society . The series is directed by Patrick Reams and Ruán Magan and is narrated by Campbell Scott . It averaged 2.6 million total viewers ( 1.2 million adults 25 -- 54 and 1 million adults 18 -- 49 ) across 4 nights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e427c74ac36d9f7ef46eaf235502571a", "text": "American Heiress American Heiress is a telenovela which debuted on March 13 , 2007 at 8 p.m. ET/7 p.m. CT on the American television network MyNetworkTV . This romantic melodrama tells the story of a roughneck pilot and a pampered heiress who survive a plane crash . The show was produced by Twentieth Television , based on the 2004 TV Azteca series La Heredera ( `` The Heiress '' ) . Heiress was the last series produced for MyNetworkTV 's original all-telenovela format . When the network dropped the serial after the July 18 , 2007 broadcast , most episodes were left unaired . 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has not announced plans to release this series on DVD and/or Blu-ray . All 65 episodes aired overseas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "859de08dec1cdf63733d506ef63567bf", "text": "New Americans (film) New Americans is a 1944 American short documentary film directed by Slavko Vorkapić . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "679b4e6991bde0b8077ce31d2197a5d4", "text": "Internet The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite ( TCP/IP ) to link devices worldwide . It is a network of networks that consists of private , public , academic , business , and government networks of local to global scope , linked by a broad array of electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services , such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web ( WWW ) , electronic mail , telephony , and file sharing . The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust , fault-tolerant communication via computer networks . The primary precursor network , the ARPANET , initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s . The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s , as well as private funding for other commercial extensions , led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies , and the merger of many networks . The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet , and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional , personal , and mobile computers were connected to the network . Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s , the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life . Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world . In the two decades since then , Internet use has grown 100-times , measured for the period of one year , to over one third of the world population . Most traditional communications media , including telephony , radio , television , paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet , giving birth to new services such as email , Internet telephony , Internet television , online music , digital newspapers , and video streaming websites . Newspaper , book , and other print publishing are adapting to website technology , or are reshaped into blogging , web feeds and online news aggregators . The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums , and social networking . Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs , as it enables firms to extend their `` brick and mortar '' presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online . Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries . The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage ; each constituent network sets its own policies . Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet , the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System ( DNS ) , are directed by a maintainer organization , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN ) . The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) , a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "65b5b222457da99469d8fe6d17047643", "text": "Many-to-many The many-to-many communication paradigm is one of three major Internet computing paradigms , characterized by multiple users contributing and receiving information , with the information elements often interlinked across different websites . Developments such as file sharing , blogs , Wikis , and tagging are media forms that reflect this paradigm ; these contrast with both the one-to-one ( characterized by e-mail , FTP , and Telnet ) and one-to-many ( characterized by websites ) paradigms . With the evolution to the full `` many-to-many '' computing paradigm , people can input and receive information to and from the Internet ; they will be able to connect and communicate dynamically within a flexibly formed scope ; there will be no artificial boundary between information and communication tools , and the definition of `` many '' will go well beyond people to include entities such as organizations , products , processes , events , and concepts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9ce5716e535d3c58daba0203c4a07da", "text": "Autonomic Network Architecture The Autonomic Network Architecture Project aims at exploring novel ways of organizing and using networks beyond legacy Internet technology . The ultimate goal is to design and develop a novel autonomic networking architecture that enables flexible , dynamic , and fully autonomous formation of network nodes as well as whole networks . Universities and research institutes from Europe and Northern America are participating in this project . The resulting autonomic network architecture will allow dynamic adaptation and re-organisation of the network according to the working , economical and social needs of the users . This is expected to be especially challenging in a mobile context where new resources become available dynamically , administrative domains change frequently , and the economic models may vary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70fc04df110115d26d3bc7af74c8a11f", "text": "Network search engine Computer networks are connected together to form larger networks such as campus networks , corporate networks , or the Internet . Routers are network devices that may be used to connect these networks ( e.g. , a home network connected to the network of an Internet service provider ) . When a router interconnects many networks or handles much network traffic , it may become a bottleneck and cause network congestion ( i.e. , traffic loss ) . A number of techniques have been developed to prevent such problems . One of them is the network search engine ( NSE ) , also known as network search element . This special-purpose device helps a router perform one of its core and repeated functions very fast : address lookup . Besides routing , NSE-based address lookup is also used to keep track of network service usage for billing purposes , or to look up patterns of information in the data passing through the network for security reasons . Network search engines are often available as ASIC chips to be interfaced with the network processor of the router . Content-addressable memory and Trie are two techniques commonly used when implementing NSEs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "708b993d70514e2e46349152e3010327", "text": "Communications, Computers, and Networks (Scientific American) The Scientific American special Issue on Communications , Computers , and Network , is a special issue of Scientific American dedicated to articles concerning impending changes to the internet in the period prior to the expansion and mainstreaming of the world wide web via Mosaic and Netscape . This issue contained essays by a number of important computer science and internet pioneers . It bore the promotional cover title : Scientific American presents the September 1991 Single Copy Issue : Communications , Computers , and Networks", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c24f3ffc6e0db428d1da420e6021ed4", "text": "Network intelligence Network Intelligence ( NI ) is a technology that builds on the concepts and capabilities of Deep Packet Inspection ( DPI ) , Packet Capture and Business Intelligence ( BI ) . It examines , in real time , IP data packets that cross communications networks by identifying the protocols used and extracting packet content and metadata for rapid analysis of data relationships and communications patterns . Also , sometimes referred to as Network Acceleration or piracy . NI is used as a middleware to capture and feed information to network operator applications for bandwidth management , traffic shaping , policy management , charging and billing ( including usage-based and content billing ) , service assurance , revenue assurance , market research mega panel analytics , lawful interception and cyber security . It is currently being incorporated into a wide range of applications by vendors who provide technology solutions to Communications Service Providers ( CSPs ) , governments and large enterprises . NI extends network controls , business capabilities , security functions and data mining for new products and services needed since the emergence of Web 2.0 and wireless 3G and 4G technologies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873bacc0cc20a39548c3de88ecd608f7", "text": "Internet transit Internet transit is the service of allowing network traffic to cross or `` transit '' a computer network , usually used to connect a smaller Internet service provider ( ISP ) to the larger Internet . Technically , it consists of two bundled services : The advertisement of customer routes to other ISPs , thereby soliciting inbound traffic toward the customer from them The advertisement of other ISPs ' routes ( usually but not necessarily in the form of a default route or a full set of routes to all of the destinations on the Internet ) to the ISP 's customer , thereby soliciting outbound traffic from the customer towards these networks . In the 1970s and early 1980s-era Internet , the assumption was made that all networks would provide full transit for one another . In the modern private-sector Internet , two forms of interconnect agreements exist between Internet networks : transit , and peering . Transit is distinct from peering , in which only traffic between the two ISPs and their downstream customers is exchanged and neither ISP can see upstream routes over the peering connection . A transit free network uses only peering ; a network that uses only unpaid peering and connects to the whole Internet is considered a Tier 1 network . In the 1990s , the network access point concept provided one form of transit . The transit service is typically priced per megabit per second per month , and customers are often required to commit to a minimum volume of bandwidth , and usually to a minimum term of service as well . Some transit agreements provide `` service-level agreements '' which purport to offer money-back guarantees of performance between the customer 's Internet connection and specific points on the Internet , typically major Internet exchange points within a continental geography such as North America . These service level agreements still provide only best-effort delivery since they do not guarantee service the other half of the way , from the Internet exchange point to the final destination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "354f18e455131b9933c1d0eef0050443", "text": "Link Access Procedure for Modems Link Access Procedure for Modems ( LAPM ) is part of the V. 42 error correction protocol for modems . LAPM is an error control protocol defined in ITU-T recommendations V. 42 . Like many data link layer protocols , it is a variant of HDLC . Like the Microcom Networking Protocols that preceded it , LAPM uses cyclic redundancy checking ( CRC ) and retransmission of corrupted data ( ARQ ) to ensure data reliability . Error control protocols such as LAPM use frames of variable lengths , each beginning with a header and ending with a frame check sequence trailer ( a cyclic redundancy check ) . Correctly received packets are acknowledged , and unacknowledged packets are automatically retransmitted ( ARQ ) . The larger the payload included in each frame , the smaller the relative cost of transmitting the header and trailer bits . Usually LAPM adds only about 5 percent framing overhead . This is a noticeable improvement over the fixed 25 % overhead of start and stop bits required by direct asynchronous serial communication , but obviously such large frames impose a cost in the form of communication latency . LAPM has an optional Selective reject ( SREJ ) functionality which allows it to resend only the corrupted frames , providing faster recovery from an error . The ITU-T V. 42 LAPM procedure is considered more robust than the Microcom Networking Protocols ( MNP ) that preceded it , and has a more sophisticated and powerful data compression option in V. 42bis , allowing much greater data throughput . V. 42bis added a string compression algorithm called BTLZ ( British Telecom Lempel Ziv ) , in which frequently occurring strings of characters are replaced by code words . The `` dictionary '' of strings is dynamically maintained during transmission and keeps track of changes in the data ; new strings are added and old strings are deleted . As the data may not always be compressible ( for example encrypted or pre-compressed data ) the modem has the ability to switch between compressed and uncompressed modes of operation . Compression performance is continually monitored and , if no compression is obtained , the modem transmits the data in uncompressed form . Even while in uncompressed mode , the modem monitors the characteristics of the data and switches compression back on as soon as some benefit can be achieved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79b3d1a4ea17c8b40aa1bd5e4660bc98", "text": "Telecommunications industry The telecommunications industry within the sector of information and communication technology is made up of all Telecommunications/Telephone companies and internet service providers and plays the crucial role in the evolution of mobile communications and the information society . Traditional telephone calls continue to be the industry 's biggest revenue generator , but thanks to advances in network technology , Telecom today is less about voice and increasingly about text ( messaging , email ) and images ( e.g. video streaming ) . High-speed internet access for computer-based data applications such as broadband information services and interactive entertainment , is pervasive . Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL ) is the main broadband telecom technology . The fastest growth comes from ( value-added ) services delivered over mobile networks . Insight Research projects that telecommunications services revenue worldwide will grow from $ 2.2 trillion in 2015 to $ 2.4 trillion in 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baa920e4d0848daf189dfc1de21d6330", "text": "Legal aspects of computing Legal aspects of computing are related to the overlapping areas of law and computing . The first one , historically , was information technology law ( or IT law ) . ( `` IT law '' should not be confused with the IT aspects of law itself , although there are overlapping issues . ) IT law consists of the law ( statutes , regulations , and caselaw ) which governs the digital dissemination of both ( digitalized ) information and software itself ( see history of free and open-source software ) , and legal aspects of information technology more broadly . IT law covers mainly the digital information ( including information security and electronic commerce ) aspects and it has been described as `` paper laws '' for a `` paperless environment '' . Cyberlaw or Internet law is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of the Internet . It is less a distinct field of law than intellectual property or contract law , as it is a domain covering many areas of law and regulation . Some leading topics include internet access and usage , privacy , freedom of expression , and jurisdiction . `` Computer law '' is a third term which tends to relate to issues including both Internet law and the patent and copyright aspects of computer technology and software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2cdd7e8e567e8d4140b811bc60bc008", "text": "Robustness of complex networks Robustness , the ability to withstand failures and perturbations , is a critical attribute of many complex systems including complex networks . The study of robustness in complex networks is important for many fields . In ecology , robustness is an important attribute of ecosystems , and can give insight into the reaction to disturbances such as the extinction of species . For biologists , network robustness can help the study of diseases and mutations , and how to recover from some mutations . In economics , network robustness principles can help our understanding of the stability and risks of banking systems . And in engineering , network robustness can help to evaluate the resilience of infrastructure networks such as the Internet or power grids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7fb2325b49eee80e371712b2b146c3a", "text": "Large scale brain networks Large scale brain networks are collections of widespread brain regions showing functional connectivity by statistical analysis of the fMRI BOLD signal or other signal fluctuations . Functional connectivity may be measured as long-range synchronization of the EEG , MEG , or other dynamic brain signals . Synchronized brain regions may also be identified using spatial independent component analysis . The set of identified brain areas that are linked together in a large-scale network varies with cognitive function . When the cognitive state is not explicit ( i.e. , the subject is at `` rest '' ) , the large scale brain network is a resting state network ( RSN ) . As a physical system with graph-like properties , a large scale brain network has both nodes and edges , and can not be identified simply by the co-activation of brain areas . Large scale brain networks are identified by their function , and provide a coherent framework for understanding cognition by offering a neural model of how different cognitive functions emerge when different sets of brain regions join together as self-organized coalitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48738b78cac66e01ec5536f8e3479c37", "text": "Degree of anonymity In anonymity networks ( e.g. , Tor , Crowds , Mixmaster , I2P , etc. ) , it is important to be able to measure quantitatively the guarantee that is given to the system . The degree of anonymity is a device that was proposed at the 2002 Privacy Enhancing Technology ( PET ) conference . There were two papers that put forth the idea of using entropy as the basis for formally measuring anonymity : `` Towards an Information Theoretic Metric for Anonymity '' , and `` Towards Measuring Anonymity '' . The ideas presented are very similar with minor differences in the final definition of . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6359be6e46dd4d036ded1809a52e4f82", "text": "Switching circuit theory Switching circuit theory is the mathematical study of the properties of networks of idealized switches . Such networks may be strictly combinational logic , in which their output state is only a function of the present state of their inputs ; or may also contain sequential elements , where the present state depends on the present state and past states ; in that sense , sequential circuits are said to include `` memory '' of past states . An important class of sequential circuits are state machines . Switching circuit theory is applicable to the design of telephone systems , computers , and similar systems . Switching circuit theory provided the mathematical foundations and tools for digital system design in almost all areas of modern technology . From 1934 to 1936 , NEC engineer Akira Nakashima published a series of papers showing that the two-valued Boolean algebra , which he discovered independently , can describe the operation of switching circuits . His work was later cited and elaborated on in Claude Shannon 's seminal 1938 paper `` A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits '' . The principles of Boolean algebra are applied to switches , providing mathematical tools for analysis and synthesis of any switching system . Ideal switches are considered as having only two exclusive states , for example , open or closed . In some analysis , the state of a switch can be considered to have no influence on the output of the system and is designated as a `` do n't care '' state . In complex networks it is necessary to also account for the finite switching time of physical switches ; where two or more different paths in a network may affect the output , these delays may result in a `` logic hazard '' or `` race condition '' where the output state changes due to the different propagation times through the network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8982cd183779a16de3d47a42849ca75", "text": "List of Internet pioneers Instead of a single `` inventor '' , the Internet was developed by many people over many years . The following are some Internet pioneers who contributed to its early development . These include early theoretical foundations , specifying original protocols , and expansion beyond a research tool to wide deployment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13183645770b11aeb3fb960a8b74022", "text": "Personal area network A personal area network ( PAN ) is a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers , telephones , tablets and personal digital assistants . PANs can be used for communication amongst the personal devices themselves ( interpersonal communication ) , or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet ( an uplink ) where one `` master '' device takes up the role as internet router . A wireless personal area network ( WPAN ) is a low-powered PAN carried over a short-distance wireless network technology such as : INSTEON IrDA Wireless USB Bluetooth Z-Wave ZigBee Body Area Network The reach of a WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters . A PAN may also be carried over wired computer buses such as USB and FireWire . Although a ( secured ) Wi-Fi tethering connection could be used by only one single user it is not considered to be a PAN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "210305b0a2338779d3d0d1a53258cd57", "text": "Net Net or net may refer to : Net ( device ) , a grid-like device or object such as that used in fishing or sports , commonly made from woven fibers Net ( textile ) , a textile in which the warp and weft yarns are looped or knotted at their intersections Net ( economics ) , the sum or difference of two or more economic variables In mathematics and physics : a filter-like generalization of a sequence a linear system of divisors of dimension 2 an arrangement of polygons that can be folded up to form a polyhedron operator algebras in local quantum-field theory In electronic design , a connection in a netlist Network ( disambiguation ) In computing , the Internet", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e2df98353472639c6b6bbb600ba743", "text": "Internet Stream Protocol The Internet Stream Protocol ( ST and later ST-II ) is a family of experimental protocols first defined in Internet Experiment Note IEN-119 ( 1979 ) , and later substantially revised in RFC 1190 ( ST-II ) and RFC 1819 ( ST2 + ) . The Internet Stream Protocol family was never introduced for public use , but many of the concepts available in ST are similar to later asynchronous transfer mode protocols and can be found in Multiprotocol Label Switching ( MPLS ) . They also presaged Voice over IP . ST arose as the transport protocol of the Network Voice Protocol , a pioneering computer network protocol for transporting human speech over packetized communications networks , first implemented in December 1973 by Internet researcher Danny Cohen of the Information Sciences Institute ( ISI ) as part of ARPA 's Network Secure Communications ( NSC ) project . First specified in 1979 , ST was envisioned to be a connection-oriented complement to IPv4 , operating on the same level as IP but using a different header format from that used for IP datagrams . According to IEN-119 , its concepts came from Danny Cohen , Estil Hoversten , and James W. Forgie . The protocol was notable for introducing the concepts of packetized voice ( now Voice over IP ) , a talkspurt ( a continuous segment of speech between silent intervals ) , and specified delay and drop-rate requirements for packet services . It was implemented in the Voice Funnel . Its second version , known variously as ST-II or ST2 , was drafted by Claudio Topolcic and others in 1987 and specified in 1990 . The final version of ST2 , which was also known as ST2 + , was drafted by the IETF ST2 Working group and published as RFC 1819 . ST2 distinguishes its own packets with an Internet Protocol version number 5 , although it was never known as IPv5 . IP and ST packets can be distinguished by the IP Version Number field , i.e. , the first four ( 4 ) bits of the packet ; ST has been assigned the value 5 ( see -LSB- RFC1700 -RSB- ) . There is no requirement for compatibility between IP and ST packet headers beyond the first four bits . ( IP uses value 4 . ) ST uses the same IP address structure and the same link layer protocol number ( ethertype 0x800 ) as IP . There is a `` datagram mode '' in which ST packets can be encapsulated over IP headers using protocol number 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1f6a25ed9b9d1a82df17ad234a5f96d", "text": "Big data Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them . Challenges include capture , storage , analysis , data curation , search , sharing , transfer , visualization , querying , updating and information privacy . The term `` big data '' often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics , user behavior analytics , or certain other advanced data analytics methods that extract value from data , and seldom to a particular size of data set . `` There is little doubt that the quantities of data now available are indeed large , but that 's not the most relevant characteristic of this new data ecosystem . '' Analysis of data sets can find new correlations to `` spot business trends , prevent diseases , combat crime and so on . '' Scientists , business executives , practitioners of medicine , advertising and governments alike regularly meet difficulties with large data-sets in areas including Internet search , fintech , urban informatics , and business informatics . Scientists encounter limitations in e-Science work , including meteorology , genomics , connectomics , complex physics simulations , biology and environmental research . Data sets grow rapidly - in part because they are increasingly gathered by cheap and numerous information-sensing Internet of things devices such as mobile devices , aerial ( remote sensing ) , software logs , cameras , microphones , radio-frequency identification ( RFID ) readers and wireless sensor networks . The world 's technological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s ; , every day 2.5 exabytes ( 2.5 × 1018 ) of data are generated . One question for large enterprises is determining who should own big-data initiatives that affect the entire organization . Relational database management systems and desktop statistics - and visualization-packages often have difficulty handling big data . The work may require `` massively parallel software running on tens , hundreds , or even thousands of servers '' . What counts as `` big data '' varies depending on the capabilities of the users and their tools , and expanding capabilities make big data a moving target . `` For some organizations , facing hundreds of gigabytes of data for the first time may trigger a need to reconsider data management options . For others , it may take tens or hundreds of terabytes before data size becomes a significant consideration . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "663bee1e5e8211259a8047fa84684065", "text": "Content delivery network A content delivery network or content distribution network ( CDN ) is a globally distributed network of proxy servers deployed in multiple data centers . The goal of a CDN is to serve content to end-users with high availability and high performance . CDNs serve a large fraction of the Internet content today , including web objects ( text , graphics and scripts ) , downloadable objects ( media files , software , documents ) , applications ( e-commerce , portals ) , live streaming media , on-demand streaming media , and social networks . The term CDN means many things to different people and is an umbrella term that covers a lot of different types of content delivery services . Video streaming , software downloads , web and mobile content acceleration , licensed/managed CDN , transparent caching , and services to measure CDN performance , load balancing , multi-CDN switching and analytics and cloud intelligence . It 's a complex ecosystem with a lot of vendors both large and small and some CDN vendors cross over into other industries like security and WAN optimization . Content owners such as media companies and e-commerce vendors pay CDN operators to deliver their content to their end-users . In turn , a CDN pays ISPs , carriers , and network operators for hosting its servers in their data centers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae6384eb07ea0c75ebb8cb5f87a4f779", "text": "File system In computing , a file system or filesystem is used to control how data is stored and retrieved . Without a file system , information placed in a storage medium would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins . By separating the data into pieces and giving each piece a name , the information is easily isolated and identified . Taking its name from the way paper-based information systems are named , each group of data is called a `` file '' . The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of information and their names is called a `` file system '' . There are many different kinds of file systems . Each one has different structure and logic , properties of speed , flexibility , security , size and more . Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications . For example , the ISO 9660 file system is designed specifically for optical discs . File systems can be used on numerous different types of storage devices that use different kinds of media . The most common storage device in use today is a hard disk drive . Other kinds of media that are used include flash memory , magnetic tapes , and optical discs . In some cases , such as with tmpfs , the computer 's main memory ( random-access memory , RAM ) is used to create a temporary file system for short-term use . Some file systems are used on local data storage devices ; others provide file access via a network protocol ( for example , NFS , SMB , or 9P clients ) . Some file systems are `` virtual '' , meaning that the supplied `` files '' ( called virtual files ) are computed on request ( e.g. procfs ) or are merely a mapping into a different file system used as a backing store . The file system manages access to both the content of files and the metadata about those files . It is responsible for arranging storage space ; reliability , efficiency , and tuning with regard to the physical storage medium are important design considerations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "51e670fd13fc51949e6d24a65e50a2b5", "text": "Shinsegae Shinsegae ( Korean : 신세계 , ) is a South Korean department store franchise , along with several other businesses , headquartered in Seoul , South Korea . The name of Shinsegae literally means `` New World '' in Korean . Its flagship store in Centum City , Busan , is the world 's largest department store , surpassing Macy 's flagship Herald Square in New York City in 2009 . Shinsegae was originally part of the Samsung Group chaebol , separated in the 1990s from the Samsung Group along with CJ Group ( Food/Chemicals/Entertainment ) , Saehan Group ( Electronic Media/Apparel/Textiles ) , and the Hansol Group ( Paper/Telecom ) . The chairman Lee Myung-hee is the daughter of Samsung founder Lee Byung-chull and younger sister of the chairman of Samsung Electronics Lee Kun-hee . The group owns the brands Shinsegae and E-Mart , and is in direct competition with Lotte Shopping and Hyundai Department Store Group . Currently it is the largest retailer in South Korea . Shinsegae is also famous for its long history . The main branch of Shinsegae is the oldest department store in Korea . The main building of the store was opened in 1930 as the Gyeongseong branch of Mitsukoshi , a Japanese department store franchise ; Korea was occupied by the Japanese Empire at the time . The store was acquired in 1945 by the late founder of Samsung group , Lee Byung-chull , and renamed Donghwa Department Store . After the Korean War ( 1950 -- 1953 ) began , it was used for several years as a post exchange by the American army . In 1963 , the store was given the name Shinsegae . The old building is currently used as a luxury shopping venue . Shinsegae was the first credit card company in South Korea . They issued its own charge card from 1967 to 2000 . In 2000 , Shinsegae sold its credit card division to KorAm Bank , which was later acquired by Citibank Korea .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "956f61d9af7418bc51b19cb80fea5d5f", "text": "Kushinadahime In Shinto mythology , Kushinadahime or Kushi-nada-hime ( クシナダヒメ Kojiki : 櫛名田比売 , Nihonshoki : 奇稲田姫 , Kushiinadahime , `` wondrous Inada princess '' ) is a goddess ( kami ) of rice and the wife of the god Susanoo . She is also known as Ina-Gami Furu-Kushi-Nada-Hime ( `` True-hair-touching princess '' ) or Inagami-Hime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03d02f7227fd61d8d925715a86420ad6", "text": "Shingbe Shingbe is a town in Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a600527dd2b2fe2cde3f181ca030b6d9", "text": "Kan'ei-ji ( also spelled Kan ` eiji or Kaneiji ) is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Tokyo , Japan , founded in 1625 during the Kan ` ei era by Tenkai , in an attempt to emulate the powerful religious center Enryaku-ji , in Kyoto . The main object of worship is . It was named in a reference both to the Enryaku-ji 's location atop Mount Hiei ( Tōeizan means `` Mount Heiei of the East '' ) , and also after the era during which it was erected , like Enryaku-ji ( named after the Enryaku year period ) . Because it was one of the two Tokugawa bodaiji ( funeral temple ; the other was Zōjō-ji ) and because it was destroyed in the closing days of the war that put an end to the Tokugawa shogunate , it is inextricably linked to the Tokugawa shoguns . Once a great complex , it used to occupy the entire heights north and east of Shinobazu Pond and the plains where Ueno Station now stands . It had immense wealth , power and prestige , and it once consisted of over 30 buildings . Of the 15 Tokugawa shōguns , six are buried here . Many temple structures were destroyed in the great Meireki fire of 1657 . A new hall was constructed inside the enclosure of Kan ` ei-ji in 1698 . The temple and its numerous annexes were almost completely destroyed during the Boshin War 's Battle of Ueno and never restored . Much of the site where it once stood was confiscated and is now occupied by Ueno Park . What is today the temple 's main hall was taken from Kita-in in Kawagoe ( Saitama Prefecture ) and transferred to the site of a former Kan ` ei-ji subtemple . Kan ` ei-ji 's five-story pagoda ( photo above ) and the Ueno Tōshō-gū shrine were amongst the gems of the old temple enclosure . Both stand undisturbed by the passage of years since the end of the Tokugawa shogunate . The Shinobazu Pond itself and the Bentendō Temple which stands on its island used to be an integral part of Kan ` ei-ji . Tenkai , liking Lake Biwa , had Benten Island built in imitation of Chikubushima , and then the Bentendō on it . At the time the island was accessible only by boat , but later a stone bridge was added on the east , making it possible to walk to it . The Bentendō Temple was destroyed during World War II , and the present one is a reconstruction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b92acea91b607e4eb5333ded9631610", "text": "Grand River (Ontario) The Grand River ( Grande-Riviere in French and O : se Kenhionhata : tie in Mohawk ) is a large river in Southwestern Ontario , Canada . It also lies along the western fringe of the Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario which overlaps the eastern portion of southwestern Ontario along the length of this river . From its source near Wareham , Ontario , it flows south through Grand Valley , Fergus , Elora , Waterloo , Kitchener , Cambridge , Paris , Brantford , Caledonia , and Cayuga before emptying into the north shore of Lake Erie south of Dunnville at Port Maitland . One of the scenic and spectacular features of the river is the falls and Gorge at Elora . The Grand River is the largest river that is entirely within southern Ontario 's boundaries . The river owes its size to the unusual fact that its source is relatively close to the base of the Bruce Peninsula , yet it flows southwards to Lake Erie , rather than to central Lake Huron or Georgian Bay ( most southern Ontario rivers flow into the nearest Great Lake , which is why most of them are small ) , thus giving it more distance to take in more water from tributaries . The river 's rural character , ease of access and lack of portages make it a desirable canoeing location , especially the stretch between West Montrose and Paris . A number of conservation areas have been established along the river , and are managed by the Grand River Conservation Authority . The Grand Valley Trail stretches 275 km along the river 's valley between the town of Dundalk and Lake Erie . The Mohawk name for the Grand River , O : se Kenhionhata : tie means `` Willow River , '' for the many willows in the watershed . During the 18th century , the French colonists named it Grande-Rivière . It was later renamed as Ouse River by John Graves Simcoe for the River Great Ouse near his childhood home in Lincolnshire on the east coast of England . The anglicized form of the French name has remained in common use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecfd981b89439575b1d8a6c9231aae44", "text": "Hebo Hebo is the god of the Yellow River . The Yellow River ( Huang He ) is one of the world 's major rivers and a river of great cultural importance in China . This is reflected in Chinese mythology by the tales surrounding the deity Hebo . The name , Hebo , means `` Lord of the River '' , in this case `` the River '' referring to the main river of Northern China , the Huang He , or Yellow River , which takes its name from the vast amount of yellowish silt from the Loess plateau through which much of the river flows . However , the descriptive term , Hebo , is not this deity 's only name , and worship is geographically widespread . Some of the character ascribed to Hebo is related to the character of the Yellow River itself : a river which has been described as one of China 's greatest assets as well as one of the greatest sources of sorrow . Some of the world 's greatest floods accompanied by tragic and stupendous loss of human life have been due to the Yellow River overflowing its banks , and even shifting course and establishing a new river bed . The Yellow River has also been one of the major agricultural sources for irrigation of farms which have provided for the dietary needs of the population at least from the cradle of Chinese civilization through the present day . To some extent , the deity Hebo is a personification of the character of this river . However , Hebo has also had an important role in the history of religious worship in China ( especially North China ) , and also having a more general function in terms of Chinese culture , including literature and poetry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc31fbf90dee1e89e30284eb762a4e0", "text": "Kurobe River The is a river in Toyama Prefecture , Japan . 86 km in length , it has a watershed of 689 km ² . The river rises from Mount Washiba in the Hida Mountains and carves the deep valley known as the Kurobe gorge . It comes out of the mountains at Unazuki and forms an alluvial fan which directly sinks into the Sea of Japan . The Kurobe River 's rich flow and steep gradient offer good conditions for hydroelectricity . The Kurobe Dam is the tallest dam in Japan . The name Kurobe is meaningless in Japanese . It appears to be an Ainu name , kur pet -LSB- -LSB- kuɾᵘbet -RSB- -RSB- ` shady river ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119ea7bfb0a40a428b58ad7a77602a82", "text": "Abashiri River is a river in Hokkaidō , Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a63e2282ae31d43a08829255f333d17", "text": "Shiga Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan , which forms part of the Kansai region in the western part of Honshu island . It encircles Lake Biwa , the largest freshwater lake in Japan . The capital is Ōtsu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d0c51e8d6b9b0d9bd73ecabf232d60", "text": "Yasu River The is located in Shiga Prefecture , Japan ; it is the largest river to flow into Lake Biwa . It rises from Mount Gozaisho and flows through Kōka , Konan , Rittō , Moriyama and Yasu . It forked at the lower reaches and made a delta region , but they were combined in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b230a658f68eaba42baabdbd14e7b00c", "text": "Shinfa River The Shinfa is a river of northwestern Ethiopia . It is an important tributary of the Atbarah River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1231e26a60f1755c27178f69b1fa7e15", "text": "Suketō River The , also called the Fukushima River , is a river in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2091ddd1b6533641d117feda2a9e4c28", "text": "Yeongseo Yeongseo ( -LSB- jʌŋ.sʌ -RSB- , -LSB- ɾjɔŋ.sɔ -RSB- ) is the western , inland region of Gangwon Province , South Korea and Kangwon Province , North Korea . It is divided from the coastal Yeongdong region by the Taebaek Mountains . The name yeongseo reflects this distinction ; it literally means `` west of the passes '' . The region is marked by high plateaus and mountains , with deep valleys . The Han and Nakdong Rivers both have their headwaters in this region . Agriculture in Yeongseo was traditionally carried out by slash-and-burn methods , but in modern times this has largely been replaced by other techniques , including high-altitude shiitake farming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6009a03bd910d712023e319573b5cd6", "text": "New River (Kanawha River) The New River , part of the Ohio River watershed , is about 360 mi ( 515 km ) long . The river flows through the U.S. states of North Carolina , Virginia , and West Virginia before joining with the Gauley River to form the Kanawha River at the town of Gauley Bridge , WV . Much of the river 's course through West Virginia is designated as the New River Gorge National River , and the New River is one of the nation 's American Heritage Rivers . In 1975 , North Carolina designated a 26.5 miles segment of the river as `` New River State Scenic River '' , by including it in the state 's Natural and Scenic Rivers System . The segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System the following year . The origins of the name are unclear . Possibilities include being a new river that was not on the Fry-Jefferson map of Virginia , an Indian name meaning `` new waters '' , or the surname of an early settler . Despite its name , the New River is one of the five oldest rivers in the world geologically . This ancient river begins in the mountains of North Carolina near the Tennessee state line , flows generally northeastward across the Blue Ridge Mountains , Great Appalachian Valley , Ridge and Valley Province , and the Allegheny Front in western North Carolina and Virginia , before turning and following a more northwestward course into West Virginia , where it then cuts through the Appalachian Plateau ( in the New River Gorge ) to meet the Gauley River and become the Kanawha River in south-central West Virginia . The Kanawha then flows into the Ohio River at Point Pleasant , WV . Much of the river 's course is lined with steep cliffs and rock outcrops , particularly in its gorge in West Virginia . This low-level crossing of the Appalachians , many millions of years old , has long been a biogeographical corridor allowing numerous species of plants and animals to spread between the lowlands of the American East Coast and those of the Midwest ; other unusual kinds of plants occur on the gorge 's cliffs or rim-top ledges . Portions of this corridor are now also used by various railroads and highways , and some segments of the river have been dammed for hydroelectric power production . The New River Gorge is not only quite scenic , but also offers numerous opportunities for white-water recreation such as rafting and kayaking . Many open ledges along the rim of the gorge offer popular views , with favorites including Hawks Nest State Park and various overlooks on lands of the New River Gorge National River . Few highways cross the gorge , with the most dramatic bridge by far being the New River Gorge Bridge on U.S. 19 , a steel arch bridge spanning 1700 ft , with the roadway 876 ft above the average level of the river . This structure is the third-longest single-arch bridge in the world , and is also the world 's twelfth-highest vehicular bridge , and the fourth highest in the Americas . The New River Gorge and the U.S. 19 bridge crossing it are shown on the West Virginia State Quarter , minted in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff478017e7a1134e8025465f7d9ecca0", "text": "Orongorongo River The Orongorongo River runs for 32 km southwest through the Orongorongo Valley in the southern Rimutaka Ranges of the North Island of New Zealand . The river and its associated catchments lie within the bounds of the Rimutaka Forest Park , which is administered by the Department of Conservation . Orongorongo River is the main artery of the Rimutaka Range , draining an area with rainfall of up to 2400 mm a year , which is twice as much as the rainfall at the mouth of the river at Cook Strait . For much of its course the river is a braided river , with a wide bed of greywacke shingle and gravel and a number of streams of water . The gravel bed can be seen as light-coloured areas of varying width in the adjacent image . Because the rainfall in the Rimutaka Range often comes in high-intensity rainstorms , the river is prone to violent floods . The most severe of these floods sweep away most of the river 's vegetated islands every 15 to 20 years . Between these floods , the shingle islands are gradually colonised by various low growing plants , followed by a host of native shrubs such as tauhinu and manuka , and eventually small trees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02185614b19481c318fb21b63953614", "text": "Commentary on the Water Classic The Commentary on the Water Classic or Shui Jing Zhu is a work on the ancient geography of China , describing the traditional understanding of its waterways and ancient canals , compiled by Li Daoyuan during the Northern Wei Dynasty ( 386-534 AD ) . The book is divided into sections by river , each described with its source , course , and major tributaries , including cultural and historical notes . The work is much expanded from its source text , the older ( and now lost ) Water Classic ( Shuijing ) . The original text described 137 different rivers in China and was traditionally credited to Sang Qin during the Han dynasty . Qing-dynasty scholars gave it a later date ( during the Three Kingdoms period ) because of the names of the counties and commanderies . Its authorship was then attributed to Jin Dynasty scholar Guo Pu . Li Daoyuan 's 40-volume , 300,000-character version includes 1252 rivers . Although very thorough for its time , it did repeat the earlier mistake of the `` Tribute of Yu '' in viewing the Min as the headwaters of the Yangtze . It was not until the Ming dynasty that Xu Xiake correctly listed the Jinsha as the principal source .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15f60e96f928509e8076be52701d6b93", "text": "List of rivers of Japan Rivers of Japan are characterized by their relatively short lengths and considerably steep gradients due to the narrow and mountainous topography of the country . An often-cited quote is ` this is not a river , but a waterfall ' by the Dutch engineer ( o-yatoi gaikokujin ) Johannis de Rijke who had visited the Jōganji River , Toyama Prefecture . The Mogami , the Fuji and the Kuma are regarded as the three most rapid rivers of Japan . Typical rivers of Japan rise from mountainous forests and cut out deep V-shaped valleys in their upper reaches , and form alluvial plains in their lower reaches which enable the Japanese to cultivate rice fields and to set up cities . Most rivers are dammed to supply both water and electricity . The longest river of Japan is the Shinano , which flows from Nagano to Niigata . The Tone has the largest watershed and serves water to more than 30 million inhabitants of Tokyo metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a20210781075f45e7f1d5f1e1ba1455a", "text": "Ishikari River The , at 268 km long , is the third longest in Japan and the longest in Hokkaidō . The river drains an area of 14330 km2 , making it the second largest in Japan , with a total discharge of around 14.8 km3 per year . It originates from Mount Ishikari in the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group and flows through Asahikawa and Sapporo . Major tributaries of the river include the Chūbetsu , Uryū , Sorachi and Toyohira rivers . Until 40,000 years ago , it flowed into the Pacific Ocean near Tomakomai . Lava from the volcanic Shikotsu mountains dammed the river and moved its mouth to the Sea of Japan . The name of the river is derived from the Ainu for `` make ( s ) itself go round about something '' ( i-si-kari < kari meaning '' ( to be a ) circle , round , loop ; spin , turn , go around , go back and forth , '' si - `` reflexive prefix , itself , oneself , '' and i - `` it , something , an impersonal third person object marking prefix , middle voice inflection prefix ) , i.e. `` winding ( river ) . '' As it suggests , the river once meandered in the Ishikari plain and was as long as the Shinano River , the longest river in Japan . Massive construction shortened the river by 100 kilometers and left many in the plain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b55071638c149d12e716b07a13964f4", "text": "Shinga Shinga may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b1d9c129b74abf8136f4475ac5fc96", "text": "Datsue-ba is an old woman who sits at the edge of the Sanzu River in the Buddhist underworld . At the river , she has two primary duties . According to Japanese Buddhist folklore , when a child dies its soul has to cross the Sanzu River . Traditionally , when a person dies , it is believed that they can cross the river at three different spots depending on how they lived their lives . Since children have not accumulated enough experiences , however , they are unable to cross . At the river 's edge , the souls of deceased children are met by Datsue-ba . There , she strips the children of their clothes and advise them to build a pile of pebbles on which they can climb to reach paradise . But before the pile reaches any significant height , the hag and underworld demons maliciously knock it down . The Buddhist bodhisattva Jizō saves these souls from having to pile stones eternally on the bank of the river by hiding them in his robe . When a soul is that of an adult , Datsue-ba forces the sinners to take off their clothes , and the old-man Keneō hangs these clothes on a riverside branch that bends to reflect the gravity of the sins . If the sinner arrives with no clothes , Datsu-ba strips them of their skin . Various levels of punishment are performed even at this early stage . For those who steal , for example , Datsueba breaks their fingers , and together with her old-man consort , she ties the head of the sinner to the sinner 's feet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05ba1495ca33e1ce9d8998db9527f19", "text": "Miya River Miya River may refer to : Miya River ( Mie ) , a major river in Mie Prefecture , Japan Jinzū River , a major river in Gifu and Toyama prefectures that is often called the `` Miya River '' Agano River , a river which flows from Fukushima Prefecture to Niigata Prefecture that is often called the `` Miya River ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0df080cd51433333434137e2d811c242", "text": "Jaden Smith Jaden Christopher Syre Smith ( born July 8 , 1998 ) is an American actor and rapper . He is the son of Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith . Jaden Smith 's first movie role was with his father in the 2006 film The Pursuit of Happyness . He also acted in the 2008 remake of The Day the Earth Stood Still and the 2010 remake of The Karate Kid . He was also in the 2013 film After Earth with his father .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5756d6f74d16fce022b6b0f185bc9705", "text": "Jaded (film) Jaded is a 1998 film co-written and directed by Caryn Krooth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db731ac6418abcd8d4a27d059ddc86b2", "text": "Samuel Kwong Samuel Kwong ( born January 1 , 1998 in Pleasanton , California ) is an American sabre fencer . He is a multiple-time national champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024a1a63e9ac465e054131ee388f2f49", "text": "Chandler Canterbury Chandler Canterbury ( born December 15 , 1998 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19be157a23b4e895daddbd75810bf9ae", "text": "Asia Ray Smith Asia Ray Smith ( born December 7 , 1988 in Kaimuki Hawaii United States ) is an American actress . She is best known for her role as Sierra Hoffman on The Young and the Restless .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49f5989067e3b4453f04f1bd3d7ceb42", "text": "JMSN Christian Berishaj , better known by his stage name JMSN ( pronounced Jameson ) , is an American singer-songwriter , record producer , as well as a multi-instrumentalist , music engineer , and mixer , from Eastpointe , Michigan . JMSN 's debut album , Priscilla , was released in 2012 ; he wrote and produced the album by himself , and directed the music videos accompanying its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87c52dbcdbdda8bb492d7ac927eafffa", "text": "Smith v. United States Smith v. United States , , is a United States Supreme Court case that held that the exchange of a gun for drugs constituted `` use '' of the firearm for purposes of a federal statute imposing penalties for `` use '' of a firearm `` during and in relation to '' a drug trafficking crime . In Watson v. United States , 128 S.Ct . 697 ( 2007 ) the court later decided that a transaction in the opposite direction does not violate the same statute ( i.e. , Smith holds that one `` uses '' a gun by giving it in exchange for drugs , but Watson holds that one does not `` use '' a gun by receiving it in exchange for drugs ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0ca5804f324e01ebd865d46092b39e", "text": "Anna Nicole Smith Vickie Lynn Hogan professionally known as Anna Nicole Smith ( born November 28 , 1967 -- February 8 , 2007 ) was an American model , actress and television personality . Smith first gained popularity in Playboy , winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year . She modeled for fashion companies including Guess , H&M , Heatherette , and Lane Bryant . Smith dropped out of high school and was married three years later in 1985 . Her highly publicized second marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money , which she denied . Following Marshall 's death , Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate . Her case , Marshall v. Marshall , reached the U.S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction , and again on a question of bankruptcy court authority ( now called Stern v. Marshall ) . Smith died on February 8 , 2007 , in a Hollywood , Florida , hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs . During the final six months of her life , Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son , Daniel , and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter , Dannielynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f118005efe945d40b4db2b1b9066f777", "text": "Mod Sun Derek Smith ( born March 10 , 1987 ) , known professionally as Mod Sun ( stylized as MOD SUN , an acronym standing for `` Movement on dreams , stand under none '' ) , is an American rapper , author , rock musician and poet from Bloomington , Minnesota .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c31e5dbeb789733f5c4544daf6e7dfdf", "text": "Shine (Luna Sea album) Shine is the sixth album by Japanese rock band Luna Sea , released on July 23 , 1998 . It reached number one on the Oricon chart and is the band 's highest selling studio album ; selling over 1 million copies and being certified Million by the RIAJ . It was also named `` Rock Album of the Year '' at the 13th Japan Gold Disc Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7c76ebe2e5a1cdd894ed2e4f3c32dec", "text": "July 16", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49b348fa7d97168f54bd444fc259fc4", "text": "Riley Smith Riley Smith ( born April 12 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He is known for his roles on television , such as recurring roles in the series 24 , Joan of Arcadia , 90210 , True Blood and The Messengers , and starring roles on the television series Drive and Frequency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e1b0176b693cb97f067e68736108e7", "text": "Connor Smith (footballer, born 1996) Connor Charles Smith ( born 14 October 1996 ) is an English footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d13f132b5dc64872e4d84d38ae97f58", "text": "Jonny Smith (footballer) Jonathan `` Jonny '' Smith ( born 27 July 1997 ) is an English footballer who plays as a winger for Bristol City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67fc157f68c9cd8262bec1024acbd51b", "text": "DJ Roc August Wisbon ( born September 11 , 1989 ) , known by DJ Roc , is an American DJ and record producer . He is perhaps best known for his music being featured in numerous TV shows and films , including Arrow , The Eric André Show , Jersey Shore , Rich Kids of Beverly Hills and The Smurfs 2 . His songs have also gained popularity on YouTube , with his channel garnering over 20,000 subscribers and 3 million views .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "611ceb2f4618c50ebc166354155b0dc0", "text": "Eric Smith (murderer) Eric M. Smith ( born January 22 , 1980 ) is an American criminal , incarcerated for the murder of four-year-old Derrick Robie ( born October 2 , 1988 ) on August 2 , 1993 , in Steuben County , New York . Smith was convicted of second-degree murder in 1994 and sentenced to the maximum term then available for juvenile murderers -- a minimum of nine years to life in prison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bf67488c2954846e3d1d19fc5cb977f", "text": "School Dayz School Dayz is the first and only studio album released by child rapper Baby DC . It was released on September 29 , 1998 as the first release through Too Short and Jive Records ' $ hort Records imprint . Bay-Area producer and frequent Too Short collaborator Ant Banks handled most of the album 's production . School Dayz was released before So So Def 's Lil ' Bow Wow and No Limit 's Lil Soldiers and Lil Romeo were releasing charting albums . However , due to limited promotion , School Dayz did not reach any Billboard charts . However , the single `` Bounce , Rock , Skate , Roll '' did make it to both the R&B and rap charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec4b1e0cca08791df5836e245ec1586c", "text": "Hopsin Marcus Jamal Hopson ( born July 18 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Hopsin , is an American rapper , record producer , director and actor from Los Angeles , California . In 2007 , he was signed to Ruthless Records , and had founded his own record label , Funk Volume , in 2009 . He would then go on to found another record label , Undercover Prodigy , in 2016 . Hopsin has released four studio albums , Gazing at the Moonlight through Ruthless Records , Raw , Knock Madness and Pound Syndrome along with the collaborative project Haywire ( with SwizZz ) through Funk Volume . He is well known for his use of white colored eye contacts in music videos , performances , and interviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666e45848faf3314ae3d33552449f6b5", "text": "Yann Karamoh Yann Karamoh ( born 8 July 1998 ) is an Ivorian-born French footballer who plays as a striker for Caen in Ligue 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492cbd8172c0eee91e5a109ab9e5ff76", "text": "July 8", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ce4d541e95f583741209734feee623fe", "text": "Martina Navratilova Martina Navratilova ( Martina Navrátilová -LSB- ˈmarcɪna ˈnavraːcɪlovaː -RSB- ; born Martina Šubertová -LSB- ˈmarcɪna ˈʃubɛrtovaː -RSB- ; October 18 , 1956 ) is a Czech and American retired tennis player and coach . In 2005 , Tennis magazine selected her as the greatest female tennis player for the years 1965 through 2005 . Navratilova was World No. 1 for a total of 332 weeks in singles , and a record 237 weeks in doubles , making her the only player in history to have held the top spot in both singles and doubles for over 200 weeks . She was year-end singles No. 1 seven times , including a record five consecutive years , as well as year-end doubles No. 1 five times , including three consecutive years during which she held the ranking for the entire year . She won 18 Grand Slam singles titles , 31 major women 's doubles titles ( an all-time record ) , and 10 major mixed doubles titles , marking the open-era record for most Grand Slam titles . She reached the Wimbledon singles final 12 times , including nine consecutive years from 1982 through 1990 , and won the women 's singles title at Wimbledon a record nine times ( surpassing Helen Wills Moody 's eight Wimbledon titles ) , including a run of six consecutive titles -- the best performance by any professional player at a major event . She and Billie Jean King each won 20 Wimbledon titles , an all-time record . Navratilova is one of just three women ever to have accomplished a Career Grand Slam in singles , women 's doubles , and mixed doubles ( called the Grand Slam `` boxed set '' ) , a distinction she shares with Margaret Court and Doris Hart . Navratilova holds the records for most singles titles ( 167 ) and for most doubles titles ( 177 ) in the open era . Her record as No. 1 in singles ( 1982 -- 86 ) is the most dominant in professional tennis . Over five consecutive seasons , she won 428 of 442 singles matches , averaging fewer than 3 losses per year to 87 wins , for a sustained winning percentage of 96.8 % . She holds the best season win-loss record for the open era , 86-1 ( 98.9 % ) in 1983 , and four of the top six open era seasons . She recorded the longest winning streak in the open era ( 74 consecutive matches ) and three of the six longest winning streaks . She and Serena Williams are the only Open Era players to have won six major singles crowns without the loss of a set . Navratilova , Margaret Court and Maureen Connolly share the record for the most consecutive major singles titles ( six ) . Navratilova reached 11 consecutive major singles finals , second all-time to Steffi Graf 's 13 , and is the only woman ever to reach 19 consecutive major semi-finals . Navratilova also won the season-ending WTA Tour Championships for top ranked players a record eight times and made the finals a record 14 times . She is the only person of either sex to have won eight different tournaments at least seven times . She was ranked in the world 's top 10 in singles for a record 20 consecutive years ( 1975 -- 1994 ) , a span which included 19 years in the top 5 , 15 years in the top 3 , and 7 years as the world No. 1 ranked singles player . Navratilova is regarded by some to be the greatest female tennis player of all time . In women 's doubles , Navratilova and Pam Shriver won 109 consecutive matches and won all four major titles -- the Grand Slam -- in 1984 . The pair set an all-time record of 79 titles together and tied Louise Brough Clapp 's and Margaret Osborne duPont 's record of 20 major women 's doubles titles as a team . Navratilova also won the WTA Tour Championships doubles title a record 11 times . She is one of only five tennis players all-time to win a multiple slam set in two disciplines , matching Margaret Court , Roy Emerson , Frank Sedgman and Serena Williams . Navratilova took her last major title in 2006 , winning the mixed doubles crown at the 2006 US Open , just short of her 50th birthday -- 32 years after her first Grand Slam title in 1974 . Originally from Czechoslovakia , she was stripped of her citizenship when , in 1975 at the age of 18 , she asked the United States for political asylum and was granted temporary residency . At the time , Navratilova was told by the Czechoslovak Sports Federation that she was becoming too Americanized and that she should go back to school and make tennis secondary . Navratilova became a US citizen in 1981 , and on January 9 , 2008 , she acquired Czech citizenship . She stated she has not renounced her U.S. citizenship nor does she plan to do so and that acquiring her Czech citizenship was not politically motivated .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6621e3ccbdcb839dd7a92b11b26007c1", "text": "Enzo Vattuone Vincenzo `` Enzo '' Vattuone ( born April 18 , 1956 in Genoa , Italy ) is an Italian retired professional tennis player who won a gold medal at the 1975 Mediterranean Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16f0ed91738b151b6c67782b9a25518", "text": "1979 Avon Championships The 1979 Avon Championships were the eighth WTA Tour Championships , the annual tennis tournament for the best female tennis players in singles on the 1979 WTA Tour . It was held on indoor carpet courts from March 21 through March 25 1979 , in Madison Square Garden in New York City , United States . First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $ 100,000 first-prize money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "262f11ef163a1cafa68ecfa01fcdd910", "text": "WTA New Jersey The WTA New Jersey is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated tennis tournament played from 1978 to 1989 . It was held in Mahwah , New Jersey in the United States and played on outdoor hard courts . Steffi Graf was the most successful player at the tournament , winning the singles competition three times and the doubles competition in 1989 partnering American Pam Shriver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "368f815a364b8a5924186d5253992b22", "text": "French Open The French Open , often referred to as Roland-Garros ( -LSB- ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs -RSB- ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . Named after the French aviator Roland Garros , it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay , and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season . Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches ( without a tiebreak in the final set ) , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8725c478d696f1b1ffa28b1368b0428f", "text": "2007 Tennis Channel Open and the Mirage Cup The 2007 Tennis Channel Open was a tennis event on the 2007 ATP Tour . Lleyton Hewitt , who was the 2006 runner-up , was the singles champion , while Bob and Mike Bryan were the doubles champions . The event was held in Las Vegas , Nevada at the Darling Tennis Center . It was the twentieth Tennis Channel Open , but just the second to be held in Las Vegas . The ITF women 's competition was won by Caroline Wozniacki in singles and by Victoria Azarenka and Tatiana Poutchek for doubles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63676fce9d70de4583a9b43b7e280b82", "text": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles The Women 's Doubles tournament at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships was held from 20 June to 4 July 1988 on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis in the district of Wimbledon in London , England . Steffi Graf and Gabriela Sabatini won the title , defeating Larisa Savchenko and Natasha Zvereva in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6b1f9dd2b5b596f60116130a542a82", "text": "Grand Slam Cup The Grand Slam Cup was a tennis tournament held annually at the Olympiahalle in Munich in Germany from 1990 through 1999 . The event was organized by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , which invited the best-performing players in the year 's Grand Slam events to compete in the Grand Slam Cup . The tournament was created in 1990 and was played on indoor carpet courts . From 1990 to 1996 , it was held in December but was moved to the middle of autumn from 1997 to 1999 . From 1990 to 1997 the tournament was limited to male players . A women 's Cup was added in 1998 and was held simultaneously with the men 's Cup . Throughout its existence , the Grand Slam Cup was famous for paying out the highest prize money of any tournament in tennis . The winner for the first three years of the Cup received US$ 2 million in prize money , which dipped to $ 1.625 million in 1993 , rose to $ 1.875 million in 1996 and back to $ 2 million in 1997 before falling to $ 1.3 million in 1998 . If the Cup was won by a player who had also won a Grand Slam event that year they received a bonus of $ 1 million . Prize money for the winner of the two women 's Cups was fixed at $ 800,000 . The Cup was not recognized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the course of its run , and participants did not receive points in the ATP computer rankings nor have it credited as an official career title . Following the discontinuation of the Cup in 1999 , the ATP decided to give the event full recognition and added it to players ' lists of official titles . A compromise between the ITF and the ATP was announced on December 9 , 1999 which merged the Cup with the ATP Tour World Championship , the ATP 's year-end tournament also held annually in Germany , giving birth to the ATP World Tour Finals , an official tour event . A direct result of the merging of the two competitions can still be seen in the qualification rules for the ATP World Tour Finals , which included one notable difference from those of the ATP Tour World Championship . The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season , even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year . Present Finals rules ensure the participation of a Grand Slam champion who is unable to earn a top eight ranking at the end of the season and automatic qualification for the top seven players in the computer rankings . The eighth ranked player , however , qualifies only if all Grand Slam singles champions are among the top eight . Any Grand Slam event champion who is not in the top eight but is still in the top twenty is included to the detriment of the eighth ranked player . This situation occurred at the 2004 Tennis Masters Cup , where Andre Agassi , the 8th ranked player in the ATP Champions Race , was excluded from the event in favor of Gastón Gaudio , who had won that year 's French Open but was ranked 10th at the end of the year . Pete Sampras was the most successful player at this event winning two titles out of three final appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4a1803472b8f8f9b4f66a16b83a544", "text": "1978 Virginia Slims of Detroit The 1978 Virginia Slims of Detroit was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cobo Hall & Arena in Detroit , Michigan in the United States that was part of the 1978 Virginia Slims World Championship Series . It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from February 21 through February 26 , 1978 . First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $ 20,000 first-prize money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5af3a0b413c49455a045bba79f0f22f5", "text": "Christopher Lewis (tennis) John Christopher Lewis ( born April 2 , 1956 ) is a former professional tennis player from the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2055debbb9df0f4c788f0c231ff875a0", "text": "1984 Wightman Cup The 1984 Nabisco Wightman Cup was the 56th edition of the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London in England in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7982dad0724aba916d2cc731ed126a1", "text": "1957 U.S. National Championships (tennis) The 1957 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The tournament ran from 30 August until 8 September . It was the 77th staging of the U.S. National Championships , and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695039d3ab8c2c65f692f57724a4a9e3", "text": "Petits As Les Petits As ( English : Small champions ) is a premier junior tennis tournament for players aged 12 -- 14 . It is held in Tarbes , France . It is often considered to be the European equivalent of the Junior Orange Bowl in Florida , United States due to the high number of international players that it attracts . The event has seen a number of its champions go on to become slam winners , including Rafael Nadal , Michael Chang , Martina Hingis , and Kim Clijsters . Due to the relatively restrictive age range , few players have won the title more than once , although Hingis and Timea Bacsinszky have both done so . Most recently , upcoming Spanish player Carlos Boluda became the first boy to do so . The tournament is played on indoor Green Set ( hard ) courts . Roughly 7,000 players enter the pre-qualifying tournaments held across France , with that number being narrowed down to 350 for the final qualifying stage , and 64 for the final tournament . The event is regulated by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) and has businesses such as Head , Eurosport , Coca-Cola , and Peugeot amongst its portfolio of partners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f425286a89203fc1607339fec351e72b", "text": "1989 Family Circle Cup – Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Natasha Zvereva . Steffi Graf won in the final 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 1 against Zvereva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5890804d44a454d2f95743b000b1860", "text": "2009 Wimbledon Championships The 2009 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon , London , from Monday 22 June through to Sunday 5 July 2009 . It was the 123rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships , and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year . Rafael Nadal did not defend his title after withdrawing from the tournament due to knee tendinitis . Roger Federer won his 6th Wimbledon title defeating rival Andy Roddick in the final in five sets . Federer 's victory marked his fifteenth Grand Slam title which broke the men 's all-time record . Venus Williams was unsuccessful in her title defence , being defeated in the final by her sister Serena , who won her first Wimbledon in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7228f95a1b9b80d795a63cc6119cd2be", "text": "Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández ( born 28 August 1981 ) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open , the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage . Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result . She defeated , in order : ( Q ) Lubomira Bacheva , Jelena Kostanić , Kim Clijsters , ( 13 ) Elena Dementieva , Paola Suárez , before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets . . Fernández is a crafty left-handed player . She turned professional in 1998 , and did not have much success before her appearance at the French Open . She has six ITF titles to her name , including one in 2006 . Since 2003 , Fernández has been plagued with injuries . She has suffered from tendinitis in her left shoulder , an injury to her left wrist , and to her right knee . Fernández enjoys playing on hard and grass courts . She was coached by Leonardo Lerda . Her tennis inspirations are Pete Sampras and Martina Navratilova . In April 2008 , Fernández announced her retirement from professional tennis after a lengthy battle with knee injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8909f4a0e2fed0b96a2fd71de117608d", "text": "Internazionali Femminili di Brescia The Internazionali Femminili di Brescia is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts . The event is classified as a $ 60,000 ITF Women 's Circuit tournament and has been held in Brescia , Italy , since 2008 .", "title": "" } ]