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[ { "docid": "20900e2fbbe7721d92d7319ed18ee24e", "text": "Laurie Hernandez Lauren Zoe `` Laurie '' Hernandez ( born June 9 , 2000 ) is an American artistic gymnast . She competed as a member of the U.S. women 's gymnastics team at the 2016 Summer Olympics , winning gold in the team event and silver on the balance beam . In 2016 , Hernandez won season 23 of Dancing with the Stars with partner Val Chmerkovskiy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9f57c360a012d9c1477b8dfefb3132d6", "text": "Marla Runyan Marla Lee Runyan ( married name Lonergan , born January 4 , 1969 ) is an American track and field athlete , road runner and marathon runner who is legally blind . She is a three-time national champion in the women 's 5000 metres . Runyan was born in Santa Maria , California . After graduating from Camarillo High School in 1987 , she went on to study at San Diego State University , where she began competing in several sporting events : the heptathlon , 200-meter dash , high jump , shot put , 100-meter hurdles , long jump , javelin throw and the 800-meter run . In 1994 she received her master 's degree in Education of Deafblind Children . Runyan won four gold medals at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in the long jump and the 100 , 200 , and 400 meter races . She also competed in cycling at those games . She attempted to qualify for the `` Able Bodied '' Olympics at the 1996 U. S. Olympic Trials , finishing 10th in the Heptathlon . While failing to qualify , she ran the 800 meters in 2:04.60 , a heptathlon-800m American record . This success convinced her to try distance running . At the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta , she took silver in the shot put and gold in the pentathlon . Her career as a world-class runner in able-bodied events began in 1999 at the Pan American Games , where she won Gold in the 1,500-meter race and was ranked second in the United States in that event in 1999 by Track and Field News . . The next year , she placed eighth in the 1,500-meter in the 2000 Sydney Olympics , making Runyan the first legally blind athlete to compete in the Olympics and the highest finish by an American woman in that event . By 2001 she won her first of three consecutive 5000 metre National Championships . She also released her autobiography `` No Finish Line : My Life As I See It '' In 2002 , she added the road 5K and 10K National Championships , and married her coach , Matt Lonergan . She finished as the top American at the 2002 New York Marathon with a time of 2 hours , 27 minutes and 10 seconds to post the second-fastest debut time ever by an American woman . Being an international medalist at 1500 metres and a top major marathon runner is an accomplishment over a wide variety of distances rivaled only by Rod Dixon on the men 's side . Medaling at distances as short as 100 metres and diversely explosive events like Shot Put and Long Jump is remarkable versatility . She won the road 5K again in 2003 and qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympic Games by finishing second in the United States Olympic Trials ( track and field ) . She took 2005 off to give birth to her first child , Anna Lee on September 1 , but returned to the roads in 2006 winning her second National Championship at 20 km ( her first was in 2003 ) . She was the USATF `` Runner of the Year '' in 2002 and 2006 . Arguably Runyan 's greatest success came at the Paralympic Games , where she has been a five times gold medallist . , Runyan holds IPC World Records in the T13 classification for the 400 m , 800 m , 1500 m , 5000 m , High Jump , Long Jump and Pentathlon . However , her personal bests at 3000m , 10,000 m , and the marathon were also World Records , but were never ratified by the IPC . See marlarunyan.net , the Official Website of Marla Runyan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4a4e178ce7d42b4aaaaac914a85583a", "text": "Tracey McFarlane Tracey Danielle McFarlane ( born July 20 , 1966 ) , later known by her married name Tracey Mirande , is a former competition swimmer who represented both Canada and the United States in international championships . She competed primarily in breaststroke events . McFarlane represented the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea . She won a silver medal as a member of the second-place U.S. team in the women 's 4 × 100-meter medley relay ; her silver-medal teammates included Beth Barr ( backstroke ) , Janel Jorgensen ( butterfly ) , and Mary Wayte ( freestyle ) . She held the American record in the 100-meter breaststroke from 1988 to 1992 . She attended the University of Texas , and swam for the Texas Longhorns swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) competition . She was inducted into the university 's Athletics Hall of Fame in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a5032c07cc0559a6bd22349c461f04f", "text": "Salvador Hernández Salvador Hernández Mondragón ( born December 31 , 1973 ) is an athlete and Paralympian from Morelia , Michoacán , Mexico competing mainly in category T51/T52 wheelchair racing events . He competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta , United States . There he finished seventh in the men 's 1500 metres T51 event , finished seventh in the men 's 100 metres T51 event , finished fifth in the men 's 200 metres T51 event , finished fourth in the men 's 400 metres T51 event , finished eighth in the men 's 800 metres T51 event and finished tenth in the men 's 800 metres T51 event . He also competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney , Australia having been reclassified as a T52 athlete . He won a gold medal in the men 's 200 metres T52 event , a gold medal in the men 's 400 metres T52 event and a silver medal in the men 's 100 metres T52 event . He also competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens , Greece. , a gold medal in the men 's 100 metres T52 event , a silver medal in the men 's 200 metres T52 event and finished sixth in the men 's 400 metres T52 event . He competed in his fourth Paralympics in 2008 in Beijing , China . There he finished fourth in the men 's 100 metres T52 event , finished seventh in the men 's 200 metres T52 event and finished sixteenth in the men 's 400 metres T52 event . In Rio 2016 he earned bronze medal in the 100 T52 final . Then he failed to reach the 400 meters final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b9faaa61b30ee8aa99dbe070677d790", "text": "James Chico Hernandez James `` Chico '' Hernandez ( born April 14 , 1954 , in Chicago , Illinois ) is an accomplished athlete in the sport of Sambo and a seven-time member of the Team USA National Team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16898aadd2a75feef93a06f67bc4af17", "text": "Laurie Byrd Laurie Byrd is a basketball coach and former basketball player from Flint , Michigan . She is sister to the professional boxer Chris Byrd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d08d15d5675f14f9b396a156bddf08a1", "text": "Swimming at the 1971 Pan American Games The Swimming competition at the 6th Pan American Games was held in Cali , Colombia during the Games ' run in 1971 . It consisted of 29 long course ( 50m ) events : 15 for males and 14 for females . A world record was beaten in this edition of the Games , by the U.S. 4x200m freestyle men 's relay . The victory of Canada in the women 's 4x100m medley marked the first time that the U.S. lost the gold in a relay event , at the Pan American Games . In the 200m butterfly , two swimmers won the first medals of their countries in swimming at Pan American Games at all times : Jorge Delgado got the gold for Ecuador , and Augusto González , the bronze for Peru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e0785b6923f09bcd9916d865d0bba2b", "text": "Elli Ochowicz Elizabeth Kristine `` Elli '' Ochowicz ( born December 15 , 1983 ) is an Olympic speed skater who has competed in the three Winter Olympics . Ochowicz was born in Waukesha , Wisconsin , to Jim Ochowicz and Sheila Young . After beginning her training in the Milwaukee area , she moved to Salt Lake City to continue training . She graduated from The Winter Sports School in Park City in fall 2002 . Ochowicz competed in the 2002 , 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics . As of 2010 , she lives in Palo Alto , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ce1bade3cd0d2589e3dd4c17c52279", "text": "Lilí Álvarez Elia Maria González-Álvarez y López-Chicheri , also known as Lilí Álvarez ( -LSB- ˈlili ˈalβaɾeθ -RSB- ) ( 9 May 1905 -- 8 July 1998 ) was a Spanish multi-sport competitor , an international tennis champion , an author , feminist and a journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c95ed62c7974bad7b782e0cd15d4f29c", "text": "Puerto Rico at the 2012 Summer Olympics Puerto Rico competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom from July 27 to August 12 , 2012 . This was the nation 's seventeenth consecutive appearance at the Olympics . Comité Olímpico de Puerto Rico sent a total of 25 athletes to the Games , 19 men and 6 women , to compete in 8 sports . The nation 's team size was roughly larger by three athletes from Beijing . This was also the youngest delegation in Puerto Rico 's Olympic history , with half the team under the age of 25 , and many of them were expected to reach their peak in time for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Four Puerto Rican athletes had competed in Beijing , including track star and pre-Olympic favorite Javier Culson , who held the record as the `` world 's fastest man '' in the hurdles , and later became the nation 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony . Canterbury Christ Church University had been selected as the team 's preparation base for these Olympic games . These Games tied as Puerto Rico 's most successful Olympics , winning a total of two medals , and tying the record for the most medals with Los Angeles at a single games . Javier Culson won the nation 's first ever Olympic bronze medal after 16 years in the men 's hurdles . Meanwhile , Dominican born Jaime Espinal became the first Puerto Rican athlete to claim an Olympic silver medal in men 's freestyle wrestling , and set a historic Olympic record as the nation 's second silver medalist , 28 years after Luis Ortiz had become the first .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67f0ca57a0b8d47b21ba771ee0039366", "text": "Jesse Hernandez Jesse Lizarraga ( born August 25 , 1950 ) is a Mexican American Pro Wrestler , Pro Wrestling Referee , trainer , Actor and owner of the School of Hard Knocks pro-wrestling training facility . He also promotes an independent wrestling organization called Empire Wrestling Federation in San Bernardino , California , performing under the name Jesse Hernandez . He has trained or helped train wrestlers such as Melina Perez , Rico Constantino , Rocky Romero , Ricky Reyes , Alex Koslov , Kia `` Awesome Kong '' Stevens , Lena Yada and Layla El . He formed the school of Hard Knocks with Bill Anderson , who left to form his own training camp . He was sole inductee in 2006 into the Southern California Pro-Wrestling Hall of Fame . He played football at the University of Missouri Lizarraga has refereed several years for World Wrestling Entertainment , National Wrestling Alliance L.P.W.A. Ladies Professional Wrestling Association , and Women of Wrestling among others . Acting roles for Lizarraga include the films Grunt The Wrestling Movie , Bad Guys , Frontera Sin Ley , Ed Wood , Body Slam , the TV show Mad About You , and various documentaries about pro wrestling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d83fdcaf5b5a462991579745887fc0d", "text": "Margarita Hernández Margarita Hernández ( born 3 December 1985 ) is a Mexican long distance runner who specialises in the marathon . She competed in the women 's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9b0258048d34d8afdd62c0bb20e26b7", "text": "Laurie Laurie may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2420d286c40c04f356ae7bc84861f95f", "text": "Hernandez (wrestler) Shawn Hernandez ( born February 11 , 1973 ) is an American professional wrestler , best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) under the ring name Hernandez . He is an eight-time World Tag Team Champion , having held the TNA World Tag Team Championship five times , the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice and the IWA World Tag Team Championship once . Hernandez is also the co-promoter of the Houston , Texas-based promotion Latino Wrestling Entertainment ( LWE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7f52f04a20c12870a35bc75a31c834", "text": "Competitive trail riding Competitive trail riding ( CTR ) is an equestrian sport where riders cover a marked trail for a distance that is usually between 15 and 40 miles per day . Some rides are only one day long , others may run as long as three days . One-day six-mile events have also become popular . The goal of the competition is to demonstrate partnership between horse and rider . Unlike in endurance riding , factors other than speed are considered . If the ride is timed , it is a form of pace race ; otherwise it is a judged trail ride . In a timed ride , horses may not come in under or over a certain time , and veterinary checks , rider behavior and other elements play a role in the placings . The horse is evaluated on performance , manners , and related criteria . `` Pulse and respiration '' stops check the horse 's recovery ability and conditioning . There are many different organizations which sanction competitive trail rides . Horsemanship may be considered at some competitions , depending on the sanctioning organization . Riders are evaluated on how they handle the trail , manage the horse , and present to the judges and veterinarians throughout the ride . Obstacles are also set up along the trail with the horse and rider graded on how well they perform as a team . Rides are often held on public lands , such as Forest Service or BLM lands in the United States , but are also held on private property . The terrain varies depending on the part of the country in which a competition is held , and lands available for the event . Unlike trail riding at a guest ranch , where inexperienced riders walk their horses most of the time and cover simple trails , riders who compete in competitive trail rides are asked to have their animals navigate a variety of terrain and use all gaits , especially the trot . Similar events exist around the world , though often with wide variations in rules and distances . In all cases , the most obvious difference between an endurance ride and a competitive trail ride is that the winner of an endurance ride is the first horse and rider team to cross the finish line and pass a vet check that deems the horse `` fit to continue , '' whereas competitive trail rides usually consider additional factors and penalize a horse and rider that finish in too little or too long of a time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33b346e1524e53f54b3e16ff4b40abd", "text": "Wrestling at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's Freestyle 48 kg The women 's freestyle 48 kg competition of the wrestling events at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara , Mexico , was held on October 22 at the CODE II Gymanasium . The defending champion was Carol Huynh from Canada . This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament , with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals . The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals . Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage , culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket . Each bout consisted of up to three rounds , lasting two minutes apiece . The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that rounds ; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds ( and thus the match ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96ab85d86c949e29c23125ec74a44f86", "text": "Glenhis Hernández Glenhis Hernández ( born 7 October 1990 in Havana ) is a taekwondo practitioner from Cuba . She is reigning World Champion in middleweight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbff7dd40e3669e6ff3dc5ce73a825a", "text": "El Salvador at the 1984 Summer Olympics El Salvador competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , California , United States , from 28 July to 12 August 1984 . This was the nation 's third appearance at the Olympics . The nation previously missed the 1976 Summer Olympics and participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott . Comité Olímpico de El Salvador sent a total of 10 athletes to the Games , 9 men and 1 women , to compete in 5 sports . Long-distance runner Kriscia García was chosen to carry her nation 's flag during the opening ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86963ba1c3eb2a026a4d81dc5db40cda", "text": "Combined track and field events Combined events are competitions in which athletes participate in a number of track and field events , earning points for their performance in each event , which adds to a total points score . Outdoors , the most common combined events are the men 's decathlon and the women 's heptathlon . Due to stadium limitations , indoor combined events competition have a reduced number of events , resulting in the men 's heptathlon and the women 's pentathlon . Athletes are allocated points based on an international-standard points scoring system , such as the decathlon scoring table . Other longer combined events do exist , such as the icosathlon ( double decathlon ) for men and the tetradecathlon for women . Indoors , both men and women compete in the tetradecathlon , with slightly different events to the women 's outdoor version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10f658f4dec45b58915bb9304b046707", "text": "Latinos in Action Latinos in Action was founded in San Antonio , Texas by Texas Amateur Athletic Federation Hall of Fame member Raul `` Roy '' Zuniga in 1992 . It is a non-profit organization that uses money raised from sports tournaments it organizes for college scholarships for low income high school students . Latinos in Action is well known for its annual Cinco de Mayo International Hispanic basketball tournament held in San Antonio . Teams from all over Texas , California , Colorado , Arizona , New Mexico , Oregon , Kansas , Nevada , and Illinois as well as teams from Mexico have in the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02d198a25cd4e63ceddf4a1c7ee05340", "text": "Inika McPherson Inika McPherson ( born September 29 , 1986 in Port Arthur , Texas is an American track and field athlete specializing in the high jump . She was the 2013 and 2014 US Indoor champion . She also won the women 's high jump at the 2014 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships by clearing 2.00 for the first time , but was later disqualified for an anti-doping rule violation . McPherson is usually easy to spot , with tattoos and a variety of hairstyles , including mohawks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a7a20829c635571e4748e3ae41753693", "text": "Will Ferrell John William Ferrell ( -LSB- ˈfɛrəl -RSB- born July 16 , 1967 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , and writer . He first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live , and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , Talladega Nights ( 2006 ) , Step Brothers ( 2008 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) , all but one of which he co-wrote with his comedy partner Adam McKay . The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 . Other films roles include Elf , Old School ( both 2003 ) , Blades of Glory ( 2007 ) , and the animated films Megamind ( 2010 ) and The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) . Ferrell is considered a member of the `` Frat Pack '' , a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s , including Jack Black , Ben Stiller , Steve Carell , Vince Vaughn , and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson . He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live , and two Golden Globe Award nominations for The Producers ( 2005 ) and Stranger than Fiction ( 2006 ) . He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards . Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 26 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "295f3eac3c82c8f9688fff9ca1974919", "text": "Juice Rap News Juice Rap News is an internet based satirical news show , created in Melbourne , Australia . The show was the creation of a duo , Hugo Farrant and Giordano Nanni , based in Australia and consists of a rapped `` news report '' with social commentary using comical rap lyrics . The show is known for using satire and rap rhyming to analyse important topics of the day in a humorous , yet philosophical fashion . Juice Rap News is distributed via YouTube . Some episodes were licensed to the international television news channel RT for rebroadcast . The audience of Juice Rap News is international and episodes have been translated into more than 20 languages . 35 episodes were produced in total , plus a video announcing that the 35th episode was the final they would produce . However in September 2016 , due to audience demand , Giordano Nanni produced a special episode for that year 's United States presidential election , and announced that the series would continue to produce content from time to time , with a new crew . Nanni and Farrant co-wrote and produced the series together in their home studio in Melbourne , Australia . Nanni focused on content ( crafting the arguments , narrative and perspectives depicted and explored in the show ) ; while Farrant focused on form ( giving the dialogue the `` rhyme and flow '' of rap and performing the vocals of most of the characters ) . Farrant portrayed the anchor Robert Foster and a host of other characters , including the regulars General Baxter and Terrence Moonseed . Nanni also appeared in the show , portraying many characters , such as Aussie correspondent Ken Oathcarn , `` MSMBS '' host Brian Washington , PR host Ivan Sakamunev , Bill de Berg and George Torwell , all using vox by Hugo Farrant . The goal was to provide an alternative view on world events , one that they felt was lacking in popular media outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59df68aa25cee3878308c40f4de37af8", "text": "TripTank TripTank is an American adult animated television series which premiered April 2 , 2014 on Comedy Central . The show is made up of various sketches , portrayed by multiple animation styles and writers . Although no direct correlation exists between the different stories , a continued theme of dark satire prevails throughout . Voicing talent includes Carlos Alazraqui , Bill Oakley , Wayne Brady , Bob Odenkirk , Curtis Armstrong , Nat Faxon , Tom Kenny , Rachel Butera , Larry David , Yotam Perel , Rob Yulfo , Zach Galifianakis , Kumail Nanjiani , Brett Gelman , Kyle Kinane , John DiMaggio , Duncan Trussell , Joey Diaz , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9500fcc08ece53f4c139ac1433fdaf9a", "text": "A Deadly Adoption A Deadly Adoption is a 2015 American made for television dramatic-thriller film directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg and written by Andrew Steele . The film aired on the Lifetime Network on June 20 , 2015 . It stars Will Ferrell , Kristen Wiig and Jessica Lowndes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3622124696157fe9f42ad285e29b1431", "text": "Daddy's Home 2 Daddy 's Home 2 is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Sean Anders , from a screenplay by Anders and John Morris . It stars Will Ferrell , Mark Wahlberg , Linda Cardellini , John Cena , John Lithgow and Mel Gibson . It is a sequel to the 2015 film Daddy 's Home . It is scheduled to be released on November 10 , 2017 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4860961a3b42b40177a2658c5389e08c", "text": "The Carmichael Show The Carmichael Show is an American sitcom television series created by Nicholas Stoller , Jerrod Carmichael , Ari Katcher , and Willie Hunter that premiered on August 26 , 2015 , on NBC . Starring Carmichael , it follows a fictional version of his family . The multi-camera show is set in Charlotte , North Carolina . On May 15 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode third season , which premiered with back-to-back episodes on May 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c9baa61bd3765d016ad2aa1c32141a", "text": "The Lawrence Welk Show The Lawrence Welk Show is an American televised musical variety show hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk . The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years , from 1951 to 1955 , then nationally for another 27 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971 , and in first-run syndication from 1971 to 1982 . Repeat episodes are broadcast in the United States by Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) stations . These airings incorporate an original program -- usually , a color broadcast from 1965 through 1982 -- in its entirety . In place of the commercials , newer performance and interview clips from the original stars and/or a family member of the performers are included ; these clips are occasionally updated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804a17eceed950e822088677daa5a78c", "text": "People Will Talk (game show) People Will Talk was an American game show that aired on NBC from July 1 to December 27 , 1963 . The host was Dennis James , with Kenny Williams announcing . In 1964 , packager Heatter-Quigley Productions revamped the program under the name The Celebrity Game , with host Carl Reiner at CBS Television City in Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989e3676317c6b8cb58b964e4f79c680", "text": "Noel Ferrier Noel Ferrier AM ( 20 December 193016 October 1997 ) was an Australian television personality , comedian , stage and film actor , raconteur and theatrical producer . He had an extensive theatre career which spanned over fifty years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "553fdb5625757abb83cf5c83f3d6ea8f", "text": "Feud (TV series) Feud is an American anthology television series for FX created by Ryan Murphy , Jaffe Cohen , and Michael Zam , presented as the dramatization of the actual events that took place in history . It premiered on March 5 , 2017 . The first season , which consists of eight episodes , is subtitled Bette and Joan and chronicles the rivalry between Bette Davis and Joan Crawford during and after the production of their 1962 film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane ? In February 2017 , FX renewed the series for a 10-episode second season called Charles and Diana , centered on the relationship between Charles , Prince of Wales and Diana , Princess of Wales , which is expected to premiere in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28afef4109c67ec45b7e4048c3f62637", "text": "This Is Not Happening (TV series) This Is Not Happening is an American storytelling show hosted by Ari Shaffir , who also makes other comedy shows . It airs on American cable television network Comedy Central , and had its premiere on January 22 , 2015 . Episodes focus on comedians telling real life experiences comedically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3127d2ce9db188586c949584e9ab7ce", "text": "The Jay Leno Show The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno . Premiering on NBC on September 14 , 2009 , the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9 , 2010 . The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show -- specifically , Jay Leno 's incarnation of The Tonight Show , opening with a comedic monologue , followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments . Sketches from The Tonight Show ( including Headlines and Jaywalking ) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show , along with new sketches . The program was the result of a compromise by NBC Universal 's then-CEO Jeff Zucker to keep Jay Leno with the company following his retirement from The Tonight Show and replacement with Conan O'Brien . The Jay Leno Show was also intended to provide NBC with an alternative to the high-cost scripted dramas aired by competing networks in its time slot ; the network believed that the lower cost of production , in combination with product placement deals , meant that the program did not necessarily have to be highly viewed in order to turn a profit . NBC hoped to attract Leno 's existing fans , as well as a larger primetime audience than that of his late-night program . The Jay Leno Show was met with mixed reception from critics , who felt that the series had little differentiation from Leno 's Tonight Show . Others were critical of NBC 's decision to give up an hour of its weeknight lineup to Leno , due to the network 's past success with dramas airing in the time slot , while one NBC affiliate notably planned to not air the show at all , although this decision was retracted due to complaints by the network . Although viewership of The Jay Leno Show was initially on par with NBC 's projections , by November , the program 's ratings began to fall significantly . NBC 's affiliates complained that the declining viewership of The Jay Leno Show also had a ripple effect on the viewership of their late local newscasts . In an effort to address the concerns , NBC announced in January 2010 that it would , following the 2010 Winter Olympics , shorten The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour , and move it to 11:35 p.m -- the timeslot that had been occupied by The Tonight Show for nearly 60 years , and bump Tonight to 12:05 a.m. NBC 's decision resulted in a major public conflict between the network and Conan O'Brien , who asserted that the move would damage the highly respected Tonight Show franchise , and that he would not participate in the program if it were moved to 12:05 . Despite much support for O'Brien from both the public and media professionals alike , NBC maintained its plan to move Leno to 11:35 . On January 21 , 2010 , NBC reached a $ 45 million settlement with O'Brien in order to end his contract . The Jay Leno Show ended on February 9 , 2010 , after being on the air for only four months , with Entertainment Weekly calling the program television 's `` Biggest Bomb of All Time . '' Leno resumed his duties as host of The Tonight Show on March 1 , 2010 , in a final stint that lasted until his February 2014 succession by Jimmy Fallon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d698ed9bc14db99bc46568a252539259", "text": "Will Smith Willard Carroll Smith Jr. ( born September 15 , 1968 ) is an American actor , producer , rapper , and songwriter . In April 2007 , Newsweek called him `` the most powerful actor in Hollywood '' . Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards , and has won four Grammy Awards . In the late 1980s , Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince . In 1990 , his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular NBC television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , which ran for six seasons until 1996 . After the series ended , Smith transitioned from television to film , and has gone on to star in numerous blockbuster films . He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $ 100 million in the domestic box office , eleven consecutive films gross over $ 150 million internationally , and eight consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic box office tally . Smith has been ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes . As of 2014 , 17 of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $ 100 million each , five taking in over $ 500 million each in global box office receipts . As of 2016 , his films have grossed $ 7.5 billion at the global box office . For his performances as boxer Muhammad Ali in Ali ( 2001 ) and stockbroker Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness ( 2006 ) , Smith received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "08906ddf582a89157aa9d328b84b5963", "text": "The Divergent Series The Divergent Series is a feature film series based on the Divergent novels by the American author Veronica Roth . Distributed by Summit Entertainment and Lionsgate Films , the series consists of four science fiction films set in a dystopian society . They have been produced by Lucy Fisher , Pouya Shabazian , and Douglas Wick and star Shailene Woodley and Theo James as lead characters Beatrice Prior ( Tris ) and Tobias Eaton ( Four ) , respectively . The supporting cast includes Ansel Elgort , Zoë Kravitz and Miles Teller . The first film in the series was directed by Neil Burger , while the second and third films were directed by Robert Schwentke . Development began in 2011 following Summit 's acquisition of the film rights to the Divergent novel in partnership with production company Red Wagon Entertainment . The studios announced production on the sequel following the first film 's strong performance in Thursday late-night screenings , where it grossed $ 4.9 million . They acquired film rights to the Allegiant novel in December 2013 , deciding in April 2014 to split the third novel into a two-part film adaptation . The first installment , Divergent ( 2014 ) , grossed over $ 288 million worldwide , while the second installment , The Divergent Series : Insurgent ( 2015 ) , grossed over $ 297 million worldwide . Insurgent was also the first Divergent film to be released in IMAX 3D . The third installment , The Divergent Series : Allegiant ( 2016 ) , grossed $ 179 million . The first three films of the series have grossed over $ 765 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4dabcf11be2c9feee6f321494c8e6902", "text": "Michael Ledwidge Michael S. Ledwidge is an American author of Irish descent . He wrote his first novel , The Narrowback , while working as the back elevator operator for a Park Avenue Coop apartment building . His novel , Bad Connection was written while working as a lineman for the telephone company in NYC . His most successful writing has been several books he has co-authored with the best-selling author James Patterson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d36c76290f41690d53f03a3b66188d6d", "text": "Kathryn Cramer Kathryn Elizabeth Cramer ( born April 16 , 1962 ) is an American science fiction writer , editor , and literary critic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3295dd89e0de1762793854afd5cadefe", "text": "John Green (author) John Michael Green ( born August 24 , 1977 ) is an American author , vlogger , writer , producer , actor and editor . He won the 2006 Printz Award for his debut novel , Looking for Alaska , and his sixth novel , The Fault in Our Stars , debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list in January 2012 . The 2014 film adaptation opened at number one on the box office . In 2014 , Green was included in Time magazine 's list of The 100 Most Influential People in the World . Another film based on a Green novel , Paper Towns , was released on July 24 , 2015 . Aside from being a novelist , Green is also well known for his YouTube ventures . In 2007 , he launched the VlogBrothers channel with his brother , Hank Green . Since then , John and Hank have launched events such as Project for Awesome and VidCon and created a total of 11 online series , including Crash Course , an educational channel teaching Literature , History , and Science , later joined by courses in Economics , US Government , Astronomy , Politics , Philosophy , Psychology , Mythology , Sociology , Computer Science , Games , and Film History .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3f551de1a4fd4ca14c3232d39af0c0", "text": "Susan Sizemore Susan Sizemore is an American author of both romance and science fiction novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbe6eba9976f367888978c967087e6a", "text": "Daniel S. Greenberg Daniel S. Greenberg ( born 1931 ) is an American journalist , editor , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62ec759bac6643768b991af393f2d1ae", "text": "Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton ( -LSB- ˈkraɪtən -RSB- October 23 , 1942 -- November 4 , 2008 ) was an American best-selling author , screenwriter , film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction , medical fiction and thriller genres . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and many have been adapted into films . In 1994 , Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in U.S. television ( ER ) , film ( Jurassic Park ) , and book sales ( Disclosure ) . His literary works are usually within the action genre and heavily feature technology . His novels epitomize the techno-thriller genre of literature , often exploring technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his future history novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and science background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Travels ( 1988 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , Next ( 2006 ; the final book published before his death ) , Pirate Latitudes ( 2009 ) , an unfinished techno-thriller , Micro , which was published in November 2011 , and Dragon Teeth , a historical novel set during the `` Bone Wars '' , published worldwide in May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37bef0e9f4ffa10ba329690feb1bb3ec", "text": "Pacific War series The Pacific War is a series of alternate history novels written by Newt Gingrich and William R. Forstchen with Albert S. Hanser . The series deals with the Pacific War between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan . The point of divergence is the decision of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto , commander-in-chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet , to take personal command of the 1st Air Fleet for the attack on Pearl Harbor , rather than delegate it to Adm. Chūichi Nagumo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e2c577033c8b664a476cc68ea08e7f", "text": "Mark London Williams Mark London Williams is an American author , playwright , journalist , and creator of the young adult time travel series Danger Boy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4db9ae6781586d7a55d8bdb0e33a66", "text": "Grant Ginder Grant Ginder is an American author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d536cec85811bc7939e9797de7fa7b75", "text": "Blake Crouch Blake Crouch is an American author , best known for his Wayward Pines Trilogy , which was adapted into the 2015 television series Wayward Pines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "438468135e022aaadf76b7e037cbded7", "text": "Chuck Hogan Chuck Hogan ( born August 4 , 1967 ) is an American novelist , screenwriter , and television producer . He is best known as the author of Prince of Thieves , and as the co-author of The Strain trilogy with Guillermo del Toro . Alongside del Toro , Hogan created the television series The Strain ( 2014 -- present ) , adapting their trilogy of vampire novels . Hogan also wrote the crime novels The Standoff ( 1995 ) , The Blood Artists ( 1998 ) , The Killing Moon ( 2007 ) , and The Devils In Exiles ( 2010 ) , and the screenplay for the war film 13 Hours : The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi ( 2016 ) . Prince of Thieves ( 2004 ) was adapted into Ben Affleck 's Academy Award-nominated film The Town ( 2010 ) . The work won the 2005 Hammett Prize and was called one of the ten best novels of the year by Stephen King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "533577062f6b997466aec7203c904e29", "text": "Christopher Cook (writer) Christopher LaVaughn Cook ( born August 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer whose writing styles and genres include journalism , non-fiction , scriptwriting and fiction , including short stories , novellas and novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05824e231d43f5460481688547ca1736", "text": "Karen Bender Karen Bender is an American novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fbc570128b741562e203946357715d9", "text": "John Burnham Schwartz John Burnham Schwartz is an American novelist and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40cd9972c10a1815a903d213f039ce84", "text": "Mark Frost Mark Frost ( born November 25 , 1953 ) is an American novelist , screenwriter , director and film producer , best known as a writer for the television series Hill Street Blues and as the co-creator of the television series Twin Peaks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71beb1a18662e162ee5a8cec4ebb9eb2", "text": "Glenn Herdling Glenn Herdling ( born May 2 , 1964 ) is an American author , comics writer , and editor who has written numerous comic books , including Marvel Comics ' `` Atlantis Rising '' story line for the Namor the Sub-Mariner series . He is also the author of the Piper Houdini series of young adult novels and a manualist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a51d1af78bf763051d7c66325ef6be86", "text": "Stephen Mansfield Stephen Lee Mansfield ( born 1958 ) is an American author who writes about history , modern culture , religion and men 's issues . His books have appeared on the New York Times best-seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4a51cbc38a9a5422689660cdb397b93", "text": "Avery Corman Avery Corman ( born November 28 , 1935 ) is an American novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "865a6dd1daa43131e99875133ea9382f", "text": "Bill Geist William Geist ( born May 10 , 1945 ) is an American author , columnist , and television journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ead41e963de46d7da9ff8787ac3f23b", "text": "Terry Louise Fisher Terry Louise Fisher ( born February 21 , 1946 ) is an American television producer , screenwriter and novelist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2c16d7c9b7dc8cd778d3ad0b4c42b81a", "text": "Cher Cher ( -LSB- ˈʃɛər -RSB- born Cherilyn Sarkisian , May 20 , 1946 ) is an American singer and actress . Sometimes referred to as the Goddess of Pop , she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry . She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment , as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her five-decade-long career . Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song `` I Got You Babe '' reached number one on the American and British charts . By the end of 1967 , they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become , according to Time magazine , rock 's `` it '' couple . She began her solo career simultaneously , releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song , `` Bang Bang ( My Baby Shot Me Down ) '' . She became a television personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour , watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run , and Cher . She emerged as a fashion trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows . While working on television , she established herself as a solo artist with the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles `` Gypsys , Tramps & Thieves '' , `` Half-Breed '' , and `` Dark Lady '' . After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975 , Cher launched a comeback in 1979 with the disco-oriented album Take Me Home and earned $ 300,000 a week for her 198082 residency show in Las Vegas . In 1982 , Cher made her Broadway debut in the play Come Back to the Five and Dime , Jimmy Dean , Jimmy Dean and starred in the film adaptation of the same title . She subsequently earned critical acclaim for her performances in films such as Silkwood ( 1983 ) , Mask ( 1985 ) , and Moonstruck ( 1987 ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . She then revived her musical career by recording the rock-inflected albums Cher ( 1987 ) , Heart of Stone ( 1989 ) , and Love Hurts ( 1991 ) , all of which yielded several successful singles . She reached a new commercial peak in 1998 with the album Believe , whose title track became the biggest-selling single of all time by a female artist in the UK . It also features the pioneering use of Auto-Tune , also known as the `` Cher effect '' . Her 2002 -- 2005 Living Proof : The Farewell Tour became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time , earning $ 250 million . In 2008 , she signed a $ 180 million deal to headline the Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for three years . After seven years of absence , she returned to film in the 2010 musical Burlesque . Cher 's first studio album in 12 years , Closer to the Truth ( 2013 ) , became her highest-charting solo album in the U.S. to date at number three . Cher has won a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , an Academy Award , three Golden Globe Awards , a Cannes Film Festival Award , and a special CFDA Fashion Award , among several other honors . Throughout her career , she has sold 100 million records worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling music artists in the music history . She is the only artist to date to have a number-one single on a Billboard chart in each decade from the 1960s to the 2010s . Outside of her music and acting , she is noted for her political views , philanthropic endeavors and social activism , including LGBT rights and HIV/AIDS prevention .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1840bb247e32856565f6f742b2187cc6", "text": "Avalon High (film) Avalon High is a 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie starring Gregg Sulkin , Britt Robertson , Joey Pollari , and Devon Graye . The movie is loosely based on the book of the same name by Meg Cabot . It premiered on November 12 , 2010 , in the United States , January 22 , 2011 , in Australia and New Zealand , and January 28 , 2011 , in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdb162db3525b2fad029d437d0824757", "text": "List of The Colbert Report episodes (2010) This is a list of episodes for The Colbert Report '' in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72ae50a4846388c98d6145c5fb7a559f", "text": "Rehab: Party at the Hard Rock Hotel Rehab : Party at the Hard Rock Hotel is an American reality television docudrama on TruTV that premiered on November 11 , 2008 . It focuses on the staff ( bartenders , cocktail waitresses , security , etc. ) of the Rehab pool party hosted at the Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel and Casino and also chronicles the staff as they attempt to keep the partygoers under control while trying to do their jobs well and avoid their bosses ' anger . The series ran for 3 seasons until its cancellation in December 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30d98d4d6a4441b9ffd8a1b1e8d672c8", "text": "Khouya Khouya is a 2010 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d1190b6811ce999b141a92177f1d9ad", "text": "Lena Horne Lena Mary Calhoun Horne ( June 30 , 1917 -- May 9 , 2010 ) was an American jazz and pop music singer , dancer , actress , and civil rights activist . Horne 's career spanned over 70 years appearing in film , television , and theater . Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of 16 and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood , where she had small parts in numerous movies , and more substantial parts in the 1943 films Cabin in the Sky and Stormy Weather . Because of the Red Scare and her political activism , Horne found herself blacklisted and unable to get work in Hollywood . Returning to her roots as a nightclub performer , Horne took part in the March on Washington in August 1963 and continued to work as a performer , both in nightclubs and on television while releasing well-received record albums . She announced her retirement in March 1980 , but the next year starred in a one-woman show , Lena Horne : The Lady and Her Music , which ran for more than three hundred performances on Broadway . She then toured the country in the show , earning numerous awards and accolades . Horne continued recording and performing sporadically into the 1990s , disappearing from the public eye in 2000 . Horne died of congestive heart failure on May 9 , 2010 , at the age of 92 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9639ba6355d56055d2e927c01acab9fc", "text": "Expecting Mary Expecting Mary is a 2010 American comedy-drama film starring Elliott Gould , Linda Gray , Lainie Kazan , Cloris Leachman , Della Reese , Olesya Rulin , Cybill Shepherd , Gene Simmons , and Fred Willard . It was written and directed by Dan Gordon and produced by Kim Waltrip with executive producer Jim Casey . The film premiered at the Palm Springs International Film Festival 2010 on January 16 and was selected as the opening film at the California Independent Film Festival on April 22 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce3735295738f8c7969f95cb5d277ce4", "text": "Finding Me: Truth Finding Me : Truth is a 2011 drama film by director Roger S. Omeus Jr. and a sequel to the 2009 Finding Me .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43e2b647c69046ee60f820c05c5e9a4f", "text": "I Saw a Man and He Danced with His Wife `` I Saw A Man And He Danced With His Wife '' is the third single released by American singer/actress Cher from her 11th album Dark Lady . It reached at # 42 on the Billboard Hot 100 and # 3 on the Adult Contemporary chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ee2c1002ffa558c2f77b0e7620eef87", "text": "If I Could Turn Back Time: Cher's Greatest Hits If I Could Turn Back Time : Cher 's Greatest Hits is the fourth U.S. compilation album by American singer-actress Cher , released on March 9 , 1999 by Geffen . In January 2000 , the album was certified Gold by the RIAA for selling more than 500,000 copies in the US . Billboard stated in November 2011 that the album has sold 955,000 copies in the US . It does not contain her last 1998 worldwide hit `` Believe '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3410f0b5b385237ab4c4c36bd236479", "text": "Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010 may refer to : 15th Critics ' Choice Awards , the fifteenth Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 2010 16th Critics ' Choice Awards , the sixteenth Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 2011 and which honored the best in film for 2010", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c33b8901f3ec17f040d0a7f5892bff7", "text": "All That (season 10) The tenth season of All That aired from early 2005 until late 2005 . This is the 4th and final season of the relaunch era . The season aired 15 episodes , beginning with a special to celebrate the 10th anniversary . Approximately 6.2 million total viewers watched the special on both its April 23 and April 24 airings , making it the top cable or broadcast program for the 2-11 , 6-11 , and 9-14 age demographics . The intro was similar to Seasons 4 and 5 . It featured the cast on a red carpet , they come out of a limo and greet their fans . The show saw many changes before the start of the season . Shane Lyons and Giovonnie Samuels were both dropped from the show to make room for new cast members . Jamie Lynn Spears got her own show on Nickelodeon and left the show . Producers hired Kianna Underwood and Denzel Whitaker to replace them . After a five-year absence the art of the featured player was brought back to the show . Lil ' JJ was brought on as the feature player . Like the last season producers brought back Vital Information which had been absent since the 6th season . Producers got Lil ' JJ to anchor the sketch . However , he would only appear in the sketch and not take part in any other part of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2e586313a2ae8bbb85ad421d42b1a3", "text": "List of The Comeback episodes The Comeback is an American television comedy-drama series produced by HBO that stars actress Lisa Kudrow as sitcom actress Valerie Cherish in modern-day Los Angeles . It was created by Kudrow and Michael Patrick King , a former executive producer of Sex and the City . Kudrow and King are also screenwriters and executive producers of the series , with King also serving as the director of some episodes . The series premiered on HBO on June 5 , 2005 and aired for a single , 13-episode season before being canceled . The series was revived nine years later and an eight-episode second season started airing on HBO on November 9 , 2014 . , 21 episodes of The Comeback have aired , concluding its second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a90b92d0f4898a698cdb1bf86ea586e", "text": "The Click List: Top 10 Videos The Click List : Top 10 Videos is an hour length music video show that airs on the television channel Logo . Viewers vote for their top ten favorite videos at LOGOonline.com and each week the winners are counted down in a new episode . An episode usually includes Indie and big label LGBT artists such as Rufus Wainwright , God-Des , Ari Gold , Deadlee , Scissor Sisters , Naked Highway , and Jonny McGovern . Mainstream artists like Madonna , Hilary Duff , Rihanna , and Justin Timberlake have also made the list . A few special editions of The Click List : Top 10 Videos have aired in the past , including The Click List : Ultimate Madonna Videos and The Click List : Ultimate Comebacks . The videos for Vogue by Madonna and Believe by Cher were voted into the number one spots , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd00c2508796f885c5928897e79e7863", "text": "The Ugly Truth The Ugly Truth is a 2009 American romantic comedy film starring Katherine Heigl and Gerard Butler . The film was released in North America on July 24 , 2009 by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825297ca76bdb0b6f8a628e491b4451d", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4004e2a2a398b5b185b04acf6bd6e938", "text": "Tetro Tetro is a 2009 American-Argentine drama film written , directed and produced by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Vincent Gallo , Alden Ehrenreich and Maribel Verdú . Filming took place in 2008 in Buenos Aires , Patagonia , and Spain . Tetro received a limited release in the United States on June 11 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3127d2ce9db188586c949584e9ab7ce", "text": "The Jay Leno Show The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno . Premiering on NBC on September 14 , 2009 , the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9 , 2010 . The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show -- specifically , Jay Leno 's incarnation of The Tonight Show , opening with a comedic monologue , followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments . Sketches from The Tonight Show ( including Headlines and Jaywalking ) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show , along with new sketches . The program was the result of a compromise by NBC Universal 's then-CEO Jeff Zucker to keep Jay Leno with the company following his retirement from The Tonight Show and replacement with Conan O'Brien . The Jay Leno Show was also intended to provide NBC with an alternative to the high-cost scripted dramas aired by competing networks in its time slot ; the network believed that the lower cost of production , in combination with product placement deals , meant that the program did not necessarily have to be highly viewed in order to turn a profit . NBC hoped to attract Leno 's existing fans , as well as a larger primetime audience than that of his late-night program . The Jay Leno Show was met with mixed reception from critics , who felt that the series had little differentiation from Leno 's Tonight Show . Others were critical of NBC 's decision to give up an hour of its weeknight lineup to Leno , due to the network 's past success with dramas airing in the time slot , while one NBC affiliate notably planned to not air the show at all , although this decision was retracted due to complaints by the network . Although viewership of The Jay Leno Show was initially on par with NBC 's projections , by November , the program 's ratings began to fall significantly . NBC 's affiliates complained that the declining viewership of The Jay Leno Show also had a ripple effect on the viewership of their late local newscasts . In an effort to address the concerns , NBC announced in January 2010 that it would , following the 2010 Winter Olympics , shorten The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour , and move it to 11:35 p.m -- the timeslot that had been occupied by The Tonight Show for nearly 60 years , and bump Tonight to 12:05 a.m. NBC 's decision resulted in a major public conflict between the network and Conan O'Brien , who asserted that the move would damage the highly respected Tonight Show franchise , and that he would not participate in the program if it were moved to 12:05 . Despite much support for O'Brien from both the public and media professionals alike , NBC maintained its plan to move Leno to 11:35 . On January 21 , 2010 , NBC reached a $ 45 million settlement with O'Brien in order to end his contract . The Jay Leno Show ended on February 9 , 2010 , after being on the air for only four months , with Entertainment Weekly calling the program television 's `` Biggest Bomb of All Time . '' Leno resumed his duties as host of The Tonight Show on March 1 , 2010 , in a final stint that lasted until his February 2014 succession by Jimmy Fallon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3ac92998d3d3fddd76354e48d8ded0a6", "text": "Steven Conrad Steven Conrad ( born 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , film producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "836c1dc39aa2d1307788fe99afaa564b", "text": "Michael Wiseman Michael Wiseman ( born April 12 , 1967 ) is an American television and film actor . He is best known for his portrayal of Johnny Rizzo in the 2012 CBS series Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31ef278e3a4a5e75e38b5b9536cf7b06", "text": "Bryan Dattilo Bryan Ronald Dattilo ( born July 29 , 1971 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Lucas Horton on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "075919310ce97322e46365d3dcbcd146", "text": "Robert Bice Robert Bice ( March 14 , 1914 -- January 8 , 1968 ) , was an American television and film actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef473a228c565b49c3e16ccd1e0a299", "text": "Trevor Wright Trevor Christopher Wright ( born August 23 , 1980 in San Diego , California ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb8f10e8ad39a9bfa6cc1ccda2fe2f9", "text": "James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb28c6ecf4b16bccf3bc92e1323ff194", "text": "Roger Kumble Roger Kumble ( born May 28 , 1966 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and playwright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ef0077c7883f2dd598fb550444edd", "text": "The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57ed520d1fa0b3e975e9c635fb691b08", "text": "Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish . Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes . Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections ' The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5e5cd417b2dacfd9af51deb8e16c94", "text": "Tony Blundetto Anthony `` Tony '' Blundetto , played by Steve Buscemi , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos . He is Tony Soprano 's cousin who is released from prison at the beginning of the show 's fifth season . Upon release , Tony Blundetto begins to pursue a straight , non-criminal life . However , he is eventually overpowered by the challenges of civilian life and turns back to crime , dragging the DiMeo Crime Family into the Lupertazzi Crime Family 's power struggle . For his work in season 5 , Buscemi received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8edbcb5349b9579c3f63eb110af68a", "text": "Three Days to Vegas Three Days to Vegas is a 2007 American comedy film , directed by Charlie Picerni and starring Peter Falk , Rip Torn , George Segal , Billy Burke and Bill Cobbs . The story follows four elderly male retirees who take a road trip to Las Vegas to stop the impending marriage of one of their daughters , played by Nancy Young . Cobbs replaced iconic actor Ossie Davis in the cast after Davis died during production . The film features various actors in supporting roles , including Chris Diamantopoulos , Reginald VelJohnson , and Taylor Negron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "261f359fcfd2ef5796d55fb14d7f9e0a", "text": "Adam Davenport Adam Davenport ( born May 27 , 1984 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , stage actor and music producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1663a1e0b74e853a51ca19309072c798", "text": "The Last Day of August The Last Day of August is a 2012 American film drama about four friends recovering from the physical and psychological damage of a car accident . An independent feature film , it was directed by Craig DiFolco with a screenplay written by DiFolco and Sara Rempe . It was the debut film of the writers and the director . Its running time is 75 minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f73947644104819d2a325afc9cc3d950", "text": "Kiss Daddy Goodnight Kiss Daddy Goodnight is a 1987 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Peter Ily Huemer . It stars Uma Thurman in her film debut , and Steve Buscemi in a small role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4d67550f96b4879c2db2c62679417b", "text": "Sam Golzari Sam Golzari ( سام گلزاری born 12 July 1979 ) is a British actor of Iranian descent active in the United States . He is known for his debut role in American Dreamz . Golzari was born in Hammersmith , London , England , to parents of Persian origin . He received his BA from UCLA in 2003 , where he worked in the Conservatory Acting Program . Golzari got his start at the age of four as a Michael Jackson impersonator . Besides his work at UCLA , Golzari has also been a lab member of the Latino Theater Company under Jose Luis Valenzuela . Golzari 's plans were to stay in the theater , but while at college he started working on student films . It was there that he began to find a love for the craft of filmmaking . His short film The Break won an award for the `` best ensemble cast '' at the Method Fest film festival . After this , he got his TV debut when the Showtime network aired his film The Invisible Man , directed by UCLA film student Angela Mrema . After college graduation , Golzari landed the first Hollywood film for which he auditioned , American Dreamz . In the film he stars alongside Hugh Grant , Mandy Moore and Dennis Quaid . Since that film , he plays the role of Kameron in the film 21 alongside Jim Sturgess and Kevin Spacey . He has also worked with Tony Shalhoub on the film AmericanEast , as well as an all-improv mockumentary , Juan Francis : Live , produced by Norman Lear . Golzari is also a founding member of the LA-based band the Elevaters , who have released a self-titled EP as well as a full-length album entitled `` Rising . '' He has also appeared in 2016 American film , Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3593ccc3362a8063a26fe65172494374", "text": "Roger Guenveur Smith Roger Guenveur Smith ( born July 27 , 1955 ) is an American actor , director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7eefe030788b62124a0b3745c18aa8", "text": "Leap Day (30 Rock) `` Leap Day '' is the eighth episode of the sixth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock , and the 112th overall episode of the series . It was directed by Steve Buscemi , and written by Luke Del Tredici . The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on February 23 , 2012 , and received positive reviews for its inventive script and the engaging performance by its guest stars . The episode revolves around star Liz Lemon ( portrayed by Tina Fey ) facing a crisis when presented with an extravagant sum of money to have sex with an old acquaintance while her boss Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) learns the true meaning of Leap Day and the possibilities it presents to mend broken relationships .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "881c9be753323d0a6395ac077c032e83", "text": "Sense and Sensibility Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen , published in 1811 . It was published anonymously ; By A Lady appears on the cover page where the author 's name might have been . It tells the story of the Dashwood sisters , Elinor and Marianne , both of age to marry . The novel follows the young women to their new home with their widowed mother , a meagre cottage on the property of a distant relative , where they experience love , romance and heartbreak . The novel is set in southwest England , London and Sussex between 1792 and 1797 . The novel sold out its first print run of 750 copies in the middle of 1813 , marking a success for its author , who then had a second print run later that year . The novel continued in publication throughout the 19th , 20th and 21st centuries .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e2b5ad3c67edfef83f9e49b2cc4a37d5", "text": "St Cuthbert Gospel The St Cuthbert Gospel , also known as the Stonyhurst Gospel or the St Cuthbert Gospel of St John , is an early 8th-century pocket gospel book , written in Latin . Its finely decorated leather binding is the earliest known Western bookbinding to survive , and both the 94 vellum folios and the binding are in outstanding condition for a book of this age . With a page size of only 138 x , the St Cuthbert Gospel is one of the smallest surviving Anglo-Saxon manuscripts . The essentially undecorated text is the Gospel of John in Latin , written in a script that has been regarded as a model of elegant simplicity . The book takes its name from Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne , North East England , in whose tomb it was placed , probably a few years after his death in 687 . Although it was long regarded as Cuthbert 's personal copy of the Gospel , to which there are early references , and so a relic of the saint , the book is now thought to date from shortly after Cuthbert 's death . It was probably a gift from Monkwearmouth -- Jarrow Abbey , where it was written , intended to be placed in St Cuthbert 's coffin in the few decades after this was placed behind the altar at Lindisfarne in 698 . It presumably remained in the coffin through its long travels after 875 , forced by Viking invasions , ending at Durham Cathedral . The book was found inside the coffin and removed in 1104 when the burial was once again moved within the cathedral . It was kept there with other relics , and important visitors were able to wear the book in a leather bag around their necks . It is thought that after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England by Henry VIII between 1536 and 1541 , the book passed to collectors . It was eventually given to Stonyhurst College , the Jesuit school in Lancashire . From 1979 it was on long-term loan from the British province of the Jesuit order to the British Library , catalogued as Loan 74 . On 14 July 2011 the British Library launched a fundraising campaign to buy the book for # 9 million , and on 17 April 2012 announced that the purchase had been completed and the book was now British Library Additional MS 89000 . The library plans to display the Gospel for equal amounts of time in London and Durham . It describes the manuscript as `` the earliest surviving intact European book and one of the world 's most significant books '' . The Cuthbert Gospel returned to Durham to feature in exhibitions in 2013 and 2014 . In 2017 it was `` resting '' off display , but it will be in British Library 's Anglo-Saxon exhibition in autumn 2018 . A new book on the gospel was published in 2015 , incorporating the results of research since the purchase ; among other things this pushed the likely date from the late 7th to the early 8th century , perhaps as late as 730 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2a737922a2ee4c783683b50f04d8d91", "text": "The Leisure Hour The Leisure Hour was a British general-interest periodical of the Victorian era which ran weekly from 1852 to 1905 . It was the most successful of several popular magazines published by the Religious Tract Society , which produced Christian literature for a wide audience . Each issue mixed multiple genres of fiction and factual stories , historical and topical . The magazine 's title referred to campaigns that had decreased work hours , giving workers extra leisure time . Until 1876 , it carried the subtitle `` A Family Journal of Instruction and Recreation '' ; after that , the subtitle changed to `` An illustrated magazine for home reading '' . Each issue cost one penny and comprised 16 pages . The layout typically included approximately six long articles , formatted in two columns per page , and five or six illustrations . The articles were a mix , including biographies , poetry , essays , and fiction . Each issue usually started with a piece of serialised fiction . The creation of the magazine was partly a response to non-religious popular magazines that the Religious Tract Society saw as delivering a `` pernicious '' morality to the working classes . The ethos of the magazine was guided by Sabbatarianism : the campaign to keep Sunday as a day of rest . It aimed to treat its diverse subjects `` in the light of Christian truth '' . Despite this , The Leisure Hour carried far fewer statements of Christian doctrine than the Society 's other publications . Compared to other popular magazines of the time , The Leisure Hour had a greater emphasis on fiction . Two days before the magazine 's launch in 1852 , a warehouse fire destroyed the first batch of The Leisure Hour , so replacement copies had to be printed . The magazine was edited by William Haig Miller until 1858 , James Macaulay from 1858 to 1895 , and William Stevens from 1895 to 1900 . Harold Copping was one of its illustrators . Authors were initially only credited by initials rather than by name , giving the writing a collective rather than individual authority , though naming of authors became more common from the 1870s onwards . In its jubilee issue , published in 1902 , the magazine identified 111 authors who had contributed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de", "text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a75341e7ee8d4202fa29a62896b7307", "text": "Chapbook A chapbook is an early type of popular literature printed in early modern Europe . Produced cheaply , chapbooks were commonly small , paper-covered booklets , usually printed on a single sheet folded into books of 8 , 12 , 16 and 24 pages . They were often illustrated with crude woodcuts , which sometimes bore no relation to the text . When illustrations were included in chapbooks , they were considered popular prints . The tradition of chapbooks arose in the 16th century , as soon as printed books became affordable , and rose to its height during the 17th and 18th centuries . Many different kinds of ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks , such as almanacs , children 's literature , folk tales , ballads , nursery rhymes , pamphlets , poetry , and political and religious tracts . The term `` chapbook '' for this type of literature was coined in the 19th century . The corresponding French and German terms are bibliothèque bleue ( blue book ) and Volksbuch , respectively . In Spain they were known as pliegos de cordel . The term `` chapbook '' is also in use for present-day publications , commonly short , inexpensive booklets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30ab62d2c2c8e7cc7d91d3d4e5c97721", "text": "G.S. Tregear Gabriel Shear Tregear ( 1802 -- 21 February 1841 ) , also known as Gabriel Shire Tregear , was an English publisher of caricatures and prints . Active from the late 1820s until his death , he operated his `` Humorous and Sporting Print Shop '' from quarters near today 's 123 Cheapside , London . Artists and caricaturists published by Tregear included a member of the Cruikshank family of caricaturists , Isaac Robert Cruikshank . In 1821 Tregear married Ann McLean , sister of printseller and publisher Thomas McLean , with whom he was to have thirteen children ( six surviving childhood ) . In 1823 he published the third edition of Francis B. Spilsburyʼs `` Picturesque Scenery in the Holy Land and Syria '' ( McLean had published the previous edition ) from an address in Southwark . By 1826 he had moved to Drury Lane , and published caricatures and other prints from St Peter 's Alley , Cornhill . In 1827-1828 he published sporting and theatrical prints from 104 St Martins Lane . From 1828-1835 he occupied number 123 on the northwestern corner of Cheapside and Wood Street . This building has since been demolished , but during his day the printshop window was crowded with caricatures . The Times of 7 May 1832 reports : On Saturday morning , about 11 oʼclock , as a boy named William Gunton , son of a watch-spring-maker , No. 3 City-gardens , was standing at the corner of Wood-street , looking at a caricature-shop window , a wagon in passing caught his arm between the stump ( put up by the city for protection ) and nearly severed it from the body . He was immediately taken to St. Bartholomew 's Hospital , and the arm was amputated . There is every possibility of his recovery . The corner of Wood-street is rendered exceedingly dangerous by the exhibition of caricatures , as it invariably induces a crowd to assemble round the shop . On the Saturday previous , a gentleman named Bragge nearly lost his life , within a few yards of the same spot , and numerous robberies are continually occurring . A policeman was subsequently stationed on the corner and Tregear forced to reduce the number of prints displayed . In 1834 he moved to 96 Cheapside , where he worked until his death in 1841 . He died on 21 February 1841 , at 18 Goulden Terrace , Islington , of influenza , and was buried at St. Martin in the Fields in Camden Town . His widow continued to operate the business with Thomas Crump Lewis as Tregear & Lewis , also selling musical instruments . The firm went bankrupt in 1844 . Tregear published many series , of which Flights of Humour appears to be the longest , running to 95 prints or more . They are generally undated . The `` Rum Jokes '' series ran to at least 43 prints , and cover hunting , shooting , and fishing , plus racing events , skating , billiards and the building trade . His `` Black Jokes '' were described in an advertisement as `` being a Series of Laughable Caricatures on the March of Manners Amongst the Blacks . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6deb8f55a605207b39eef77dd49501c4", "text": "The Norton Anthology of English Literature The Norton Anthology of English Literature is an anthology of English literature published by the W. W. Norton & Company . First published in 1962 , it has gone through nine editions in a half-century ; as of 2006 there are over eight million copies in print , making it the publisher 's best-selling anthology . M. H. Abrams , a critic and scholar of Romanticism , served as General Editor for its first seven editions , before handing the job to Stephen Greenblatt , a Shakespeare scholar and Harvard professor . The anthology provides an overview of poetry , drama , prose fiction , essays , and letters from Beowulf to the beginning of the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14936935ac01d1058e99d401feed386f", "text": "Tait's Edinburgh Magazine Tait 's Edinburgh Magazine was a monthly periodical founded in 1832 . It was an important venue for liberal political views , as well as contemporary cultural and literary developments , in early-to-mid-nineteenth century Britain . The magazine was founded by William Tait ( 1792 -- 1864 ) , the son of a builder and an inheritor of a large fortune . Tait was an `` independent radical '' in politics ; he strongly favored the Whig party . 1832 was a time of great political ferment , with the first Reform Bill the dominant subject of discourse . Tait 's periodical was intended as a `` Radical riposte '' to `` the politically revanchist but culturally avant-garde Blackwood 's Edinburgh Magazine . '' Tait 's welcomed many new and unknown writers like Robert Nicoll , as well as established voices like James Henry Leigh Hunt , and figures of future fame like Harriet Martineau and John Stuart Mill . From 1833 on , Tait 's Magazine was a regular venue for the essays of Thomas De Quincey . De Quincey 's series of biographical essays on the Lake Poets ( later collected as Recollections of the Lake Poets ) were featured in Tait 's between 1834 and 1840 . Tait published a range of other selections by De Quincey , including , somewhat surprisingly , `` A Tory 's Account of Toryism , Whiggism and Radicalism '' ( December 1835 , January 1836 ) . That article , however , was supplied with many sarcastic footnotes disagreeing with its points -- `` objecting foot-notes from the pen , presumably , of Tait himself . '' In 1834 Tait 's Magazine was combined with Johnstone 's Edinburgh Magazine , a liberal periodical started two years earlier by husband and wife John Johnstone and Christian Isobel Johnstone . She was an early feminist who wrote extensively for Tait 's in the following years , becoming the magazine 's `` chief contributor and director '' under William Tait himself . Christian Johnstone was `` the first woman to serve as paid editor of a major Victorian periodical , '' to which she brought `` fresh life and popularity . '' In the same year Alexander Bailey Richmond took the magazine 's London agents to court , for reviewing a work calling Richmond a government spy : the defence was successful . Christian Johnstone died in 1857 ; Tait 's Magazine ceased publication in 1861 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd3b7d7b6a986db5fe4ddbdc9d3305d5", "text": "Barbara Cartland Dame Barbara Cartland DBE CStJ ( 9 July 1901 -- 21 May 2000 ) , born as Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland , was an English author of romance novels , one of the best-selling authors as well as one of the most prolific and commercially successful worldwide of the twentieth century . Her 723 novels were translated into 38 languages and she continues to be referenced in the Guinness World Records for the most novels published in a single year in 1976 . As Barbara Cartland she is known for her numerous romantic novels but she also wrote under her married name of Barbara McCorquodale and briefly under the pseudonym of Marcus Belfry . She wrote more than 700 books , as well as plays , music , verse , drama , magazine articles and operetta , and was a prominent philanthropist . She reportedly sold more than 750 million copies . Other sources estimate her book sales at more than two billion copies . She specialised in 19th-century Victorian era pure romance . Her novels all featured portrait-style artwork , particularly the cover art , usually designed by Frances Marshall . As head of Cartland Promotions , she also became one of London 's most prominent society figures , of the latter always presenting herself in pink gown and plumed hat , she was one of Britain 's most popular media personalities , right up until her death in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95428823d46a1c8d4d0ae45290444d82", "text": "The Reader (magazine) The Reader is a Liverpool-based literary magazine published quarterly by The Reader Organisation . The magazine was founded in 1997 by Sarah Coley , Jane Davis , and Angela Macmillan with a grant from the University of Liverpool 's School of English . It operated as part of the University of Liverpool until 2008 when the parent organisation became an independent charitable body . The Reader magazine is currently edited by Philip Davis , author , biographer , and Professor of English at the University of Liverpool . The Deputy Editor is Sarah Coley . The magazine features original poetry and short fiction , essays , interviews and recommendations with an emphasis on the enjoyment of reading good quality writing . Issues are based loosely around a given theme , with letters , a crossword and the famously tricky ` Buck 's Quiz ' making up the last section . Since taking over the editorship from his wife in 2007 Philip Davis has overseen a successful redesign and relaunch and the magazine now includes a small amount of photography . The magazine has managed to attract many high-profile contributors over the years , including A. S. Byatt , Howard Jacobson , Seamus Heaney , Will Self , Graham Swift , John Kinsella , Les Murray , John Carey , Bel Mooney and Jonathan Bate . As well as the magazine , The Reader Organisation promotes live literature and outreach events and educational community-based projects such as Get Into Reading , promoting and researching the therapeutic value of reading ( ` bibliotherapy ' ) . In this context The Reader supports and works with other U.K. arts in health charities such as Poems in the Waiting Room . In 2008 it spun off from the University of Liverpool as an independent charitable organisation with Blake Morrison as its Chair and Jane Davis as director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cf1e6ace397222906d9118785f1ce89", "text": "Popular print Popular prints is a term for printed images of generally low artistic quality which were sold cheaply in Europe and later the New World from the 15th to 18th centuries , often with text as well as images . They were some of the earliest examples of mass media . After about 1800 , the types and quantity of images greatly increased , but other terms are usually used to categorise them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3b1f1c2790d188bd4dcbf906256ec54", "text": "The Works of Max Beerbohm The Works of Max Beerbohm was the first book published by English caricaturist , essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm . It was published in 1896 when Beerbohm was aged 24 . A collection of Beerbohm 's essays from the 1890s written while he was still a student at Oxford and which had originally been printed in The Yellow Book , The Savoy , The Pageant , The Chap Book , and other notable periodicals , the book was published in London by John Lane at The Bodley Head in 1896 , and launched Beerbohm 's career as an essayist . The book contains Beerbohm 's notorious essay A Defence of Cosmetics , which had appeared in the first number of The Yellow Book in April 1894 , revised and renamed The Pervasion of Rouge . `` Replete with mock-scholarly footnotes and biographical information , The Works epitomizes Beerbohm 's penchant for deflating pretentiousness with satiric imitation , '' wrote Ann Adams Cleary in the Dictionary of Literary Biography . `` Anything large - ideas , ideals , literary works , London crowds - caused him dismay . '' In this , his first book , the 24-year-old Beerbohm announced gravely that he would now retire from letters , having said all there was to say . Of course , he did not . A limited edition of 780 copies , signed and numbered by the author , was issued in 1922 , with 750 being offered for sale , while the remaining 30 were for presentation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78102d553184448ad7fc3f069e9a696f", "text": "Lady Drury's Closet Lady Drury 's Closet ( also known as the Hawstead Panels ) is a series of painted wooden panels of early 17th-century date , currently installed in the room over the porch of Christchurch Mansion in Ipswich , Suffolk , England . They originally decorated a painted closet , about 7 ft square , adjacent to a bedroom in Hawstead Place , near Bury St Edmunds . It is believed they were made for Anne Drury , Lady Drury , wife of Sir Robert Drury of Hawstead and Hardwick , who died in 1624 . They were removed to Hardwick House , Suffolk , probably by Sir Robert , before 1615 ; and when the Hardwick House contents were sold in 1924 , they were purchased for and installed in Christchurch Mansion when it had already become the home of the Fine and Decorative Arts collections of the Ipswich Museum . The panels contain a series of emblems of the kind associated with emblem books -- images fashionable throughout Europe for private religious meditation in that age . The original sequence of the emblems is unclear , although the panels as arranged under their Latin `` headings '' are as originally devised . In addition to their importance for the study of emblems in general , they are significant because the Drurys were patrons of the poet and divine John Donne , who wrote his two Anniversaries following the death in 1610 of their daughter Elizabeth Drury -- namely , An Anatomy of the World and The Second Anniversarie or the Progresse of the Soule . The epigrammatic and verbally or visually paradoxical themes of the paintings are , however , linked more directly to the themes and techniques of meditation developed in the writings and sermons of the preacher Joseph Hall , who was chaplain and spiritual advisor to Lady Drury at Hawstead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d18e32e3a8b8f8a9851dba727158c708", "text": "Nathaniel Crouch Nathaniel Crouch ( born c. 1632 ) was an English printer and bookseller , and under the pseudonym Richard Burton ( or R.B. ) wrote historical books as well . As a historian , he is considered a hack , borrowing material from other books and rewriting them under his pseudonym , then publishing and marketing them under the Crouch imprint . Though he was the type of writer/publisher denounced in the following century by writers such as Samuel Butler ( Prose Observations ) and Alexander Pope ( The Dunciad ) , more recent assessments of his life and career see him as an important figure in the development of historiography , especially in the popularization of a hitherto high-culture genre of discourse . Around the date September 30 , 1681 , an unlikely forerunner of Readers ' Digest , called Historical Rarities in London and Westminster was first published by Crouch . Robert Chambers ' Book of Days ( 1864 ) elaborated : `` With probably little education , but something of a natural gift for writing , Crouch had the sagacity to see that the works of the learned , from their form and price , were kept within a narrow circle of readers , while there was a vast multitude outside who were able and willing to read , provided that a literature suited to their means and capacities was supplied to them . He accordingly set himself the task of transfusing large and pompous books into a series of small , cheap volumes , modestly concealing his authorship under his nom de plume . Thus , he produced Surprising Miracles of Nature and Art , and many other treatises on very plain paper , and sold -LSB- them -RSB- at an exceedingly reasonable rate . His enterprise and diligence were rewarded by large sales and considerable wealth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a99574ef91732dc97a4219e3c62ba61", "text": "London Figaro The London Figaro was a London periodical devoted to politics , literature , art , criticism and satire during the Victorian era . It was founded as a daily paper in 1870 with the backing of Napoleon III but after a year re-established itself as a general interest weekly magazine and is chiefly remembered nowadays for its highly independent drama criticism . The first issue was published by James Mortimer on May 17 , 1870 from a small shop at 199 Strand . It was initially a daily periodical and continued to be published daily until March 18 , 1871 . At this point it changed format from a newspaper to a weekly magazine owing to the withdrawal of its financial support as a result of French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War . Among those who contributed to it were William Archer ( writing as Almaviva , drama critic ) , Ernest Bendall , Faustin Betbeder ( Faustin , caricaturist ) , Percy Betts ( Cherubino , musical critic ) , Ambrose Bierce ( Passing Showman , Town Crier ) , Edward Bradley ( Cuthbert Bede ) , Aglen Dowty ( Young and Happy Husband , OPQ Philander Smiff ) , John Baker Hopkins , Frank Marshall , Edwin Milliken , Clement Scott ( Almaviva , drama critic ) , and Edward Blanchard ( drama critic ) . Mortimer was a chess master and so the Figaro had a chess column , which from 1872 until 1876 was contributed by Johann Löwenthal and from 1876 to 1882 by Wilhelm Steinitz . The magazine became very popular during the mid-1870s and for several years was published twice a week . Mortimer was very supportive of his writers and in particular strove to shield the identities of his drama critics , Clement Scott , and later William Archer , both of whom wrote under the pseudonym , Almaviva . Mortimer suffered much personal abuse from actors and promoters as a result . In 1879 Mortimer was the defendant in a libel case brought against him by William Henry Weldon as a result of the serial which the Figaro had run on the topic of Georgina Weldon , his wife , who claimed that she had been unjustly confined under the lunacy laws of the time . Owing to a combination of misfortune and bad decisions Mortimer lost the case and was sentenced to three months in prison and a heavy fine . In 1882 Mortimer sold the Figaro . Writing in Journalistic London later in the year , Joseph Hatton , said , The Figaro once prospered exceedingly . Its founder , Mr. James Mortimer , an American with a French training in journalism , first introduced it to London as a daily paper . He was unfortunate in challenging attention for a light , chatty , and serio-comic treatment of current news and literature at a time when the public mind was excited with the tragedies of a great war . Otherwise the daily Figaro might possibly have been alive now . A weekly edition reached an enormous circulation . Its chief leader-writer was Mr. John Baker Hopkins , a journalist who for many years was associated with The Law Journal . Mr. Hopkins is the author of '' Nihilism ; or , The Terror Unmasked , '' and several works of fiction . `` The Smiff Papers '' did much to extend the circulation of The Figaro , as did also the dramatic criticisms signed `` Alma Viva . '' Mr. Doughty was the author of the first mentioned feature , Mr. Clement Scott of the second . Recently the paper has been taken over by a limited liability company , and Mr. Mortimer appears to be giving more attention to play-writing than to journalism . The magazine continued in publication for another 15 years . By the late 1890s however it had lost a lot of its readership and at a shareholders ' Extraordinary General Meeting in December 1897 , it was agreed to wind it up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601b1973f8497c23b26c4f3cc1ff80f6", "text": "The Anglican Digest The Anglican Digest is a quarterly religious magazine which provides devotional material , book reviews , and other information related to Anglicanism . It is published by SPEAK , the Society for Promoting and Encouraging Arts and Knowledge ( of the Church ) , which was founded as the Episcopal Book Club in 1953 by Howard Lane Foland , an Episcopal priest in Nevada , Missouri . Since 1960 , it has been based on a former dairy farm in the Ozarks called Hillspeak near Eureka Springs , Arkansas . When it began in 1958 , it described itself as `` A quarterly miscellany reflecting the words and work of the Churches of the Anglican Communion : some things old many things new most things borrowed everything true . '' James B. Simpson became executive director after its founder retired in 1980 . At that time , it reported a paid circulation of over 100,000 worldwide . By 1989 , subscriptions had increased to almost 250,000 with six issues per year . However , in 2012 it reported 45,000 readers . Edward L. Salmon , Jr. chaired the publication 's board for 41 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96764be16866b05410eae1eccc9d6e7", "text": "Permabooks Permabooks was a paperback division of Doubleday , established by Doubleday in 1948 . Although published by Doubleday 's Garden City Publishing Company in Garden City , Long Island , the Permabooks editorial office was located at 14 West 49th Street in Manhattan . Promoted with the slogans Books of Permanent Value for Permanent Use and Books to Keep , the early Permabooks were priced at 35 cents . They did not feature the flexible covers usually associated with paperback books . Instead , as the name implies , the first Permabooks were designed in a more durable format with board covers . The interior looked like a paperback , but the exterior , measuring 4 ⅜ '' wide by 6 1/2 '' deep , gave the impression of a reduced-size hardcover . The edges of the stiff , unflexible board cover extended 1/8 '' past the trim of the interior pages . The concept was heralded in a back cover blurb : Permabooks combine the virtues of handiness for the pocket and durability for the library shelf . They are selected with care to provide reliable books for education and recreation . Each has been printed from new plates and bound in boards with special wear-resistant finish . The initial format only lasted three years , with Doubleday switching to the standard paperback appearance in 1951 , as indicated by Hyde Park Books ' breakdown of the numbering sequence : The binding influenced editorial decisions . There was no sense publishing a durable book that no one had reason to keep , so the first titles were Best-Loved Poems , How to Write Letters , Best Quotations for All Occasions and other reference-style works . The numbering sequence : P1-P92 , hardbacks ; there was no P93 ; P94-P97 , hardbacks ; P98 , paper ; P99-P101 , hard ; P102 on were all paperback . Plus , P5 , P7 , P25 , P65 , P89 were re-issued as paperback without being re-numbered . In 1954 , the company was purchased by Pocket Books , which began numbering Permabooks with M1000 , skipped to M1600 , skipped for the third title to M2001 , skipped yet again to M3002 for the fourth title , and then numbered sequentially until M5014 , when it jumped to M7500 . The Perma Star imprint began in 1952 . Perma Special , which also began that year , was a higher quality line selling for 50 cents . These imprints included originals by Richard Stark ( a Donald E. Westlake pseudonym ) and Ed McBain ( pseudonym for Evan Hunter ) . In 1954 , Doubleday sold Permabooks to Pocket Books , which kept the Permabooks name as one of their imprints , issuing both originals and reprints .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "004d9aad25059c7c06ca69c9fbfbd779", "text": "Press laws Press laws are the laws concerning the licensing of books and the liberty of expression in all products of the printing-press , especially newspapers . The liberty of the press has always been regarded by political writers as of supreme importance . Give me liberty to know , to utter , and to argue freely according to conscience , above all other liberties , says Milton in the Areopagitica . Before the invention of printing , the Church assumed the right to control the expression of all opinion distasteful to her . When the printing press was invented , German printers established themselves at various important centres of western Europe , where already numbers of copyists were employed in multiplying manuscripts . In 1473 Louis XI granted letters patent ( giving the right of printing and selling books ) to Uldaric Quring ( Ulrich Gering ) , who three years earlier had set up a press in the Sorbonne ( the theological faculty of the university at Paris ) , and before long Paris had more than fifty presses at work . The Church and universities soon found the output of books beyond their control . In 1496 Pope Alexander VI began to be restrictive , and in 1501 he issued a bull against unlicensed printing , which introduced the principle of censorship . Between 1524 and 1548 the Imperial Diet in Germany drew up various stringent regulations ; and in France , prohibited by edict , under penalty of death , the printing of books , This was too severe , however , and shortly afterwards the Sorbonne was given the right of deciding , a system which lasted to the Revolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75d54bebd4b037690cb2e3804cdae019", "text": "The Bookseller The Bookseller is a British magazine reporting news on the publishing industry . Philip Jones is editor-in-chief of the weekly print edition of the magazine and the website . The magazine is home to the Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year , a humorous award given annually to the book with the oddest title . The award is organised by The Bookseller '' 's diarist , Horace Bent , and had been administered in recent years by the former deputy editor , Joel Rickett , and former charts editor , Philip Stone . We Love This Book is its quarterly sister consumer website and email newsletter . The subscription-only magazine is read by around 30,000 persons each week , in over 90 countries , and contains the latest news from the publishing and bookselling worlds , in-depth analysis , pre-publication book previews and author interviews . It is the first publication to publish official weekly bestseller lists in the UK . It has also created the first UK-based e-book sales ranking . The website is visited by 160,000 unique users each month . The magazine also produces approximately a dozen specials on an annual basis including its Books of The Year and four `` Buyers Guides '' . The Bookseller '' also publishes three daily newspapers at the annual London Book Fair , in April , the Bologna Children 's Book Fair and the Frankfurt Book Fair , in October .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8d499198fe25b1cd5c2176ce341371", "text": "Poets House Poets House is a national literary center and poetry library based in New York City . With more than 60,000 volumes of poetry , the library is the premier independent poetry library in the United States . It is free and open to the public . Founded in 1985 by the late Stanley Kunitz , two-time poet laureate of the United States , and arts administrator Elizabeth Kray , Poets House contains virtually all poetry books published in the U.S. since 1990 , plus many that are long out of print dating to the early 20th Century . It also contains literary journals and chapbooks ( small , self-published books of poetry ) , and many audiotapes , videotapes , CDs , and DVDs of poetry readings from the mid-twentieth century through today . Visitors to Poets House can hear the voices of Walt Whitman , E. E. Cummings , William Carlos Williams , Sylvia Plath and hundreds of other poets . Every year , Poets House hosts the Poets House Showcase , which gathers and displays every book of poetry published in the United States in the preceding year . Poets House also curates and presents hundreds of readings , lectures , panels , symposiums and performances each year . In 1996 , the literary newspaper Poetry Flash called Poets House `` The House That Holds A Country , '' a reference to its dedication to being a caretaker of the nation 's poetic heritage . In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg . In 2009 , Poets House moved from its longstanding location in SoHo to an eco-friendly `` green '' building at Ten River Terrace in Lower Manhattan 's Battery Park City . With a long-term lease ( until 2069 ) awarded by the Battery Park City Authority , Poets House has a permanent home for its collection . This new home for Poets House , with interiors designed by architect Louise Braverman , is on two floors covering 11000 sqft with a large children 's room , an exhibition space , a reading room and library , and a program hall that opens onto an extension of Teardrop Park . With views of the Hudson River and the Statue of Liberty , the new Poets House is bordered by Nelson A Rockefeller Park and is in walking distance of numerous subway and bus lines as well as the Port Authority Ferry Terminal at the World Financial Center . A public grand opening of the new facility took place on September 25 and 26 of 2009 . `` For nearly 25 years Poets House has been an anchor for poets and poetry lovers , '' noted Robin Pogrebin in the New York Times . Poets House is free and open to the public . Library hours are Tuesday-Friday , 11am to 7pm , and Saturdays , 11am to 6pm . The Children 's Room is open 11am to 3pm .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bc16aa2818f5fee7e9d27f4be2766f78", "text": "Reuters Reuters -LSB- ˈrɔɪtərz -RSB- is an international news agency headquartered in London , England . It is a division of Thomson Reuters . Until 2008 , the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company , Reuters Group plc , which was also a provider of financial market data . Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson Corporation in 2008 , the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters , making up the media division . Reuters transmits news in English , French , Arabic , Spanish , German , Italian , Portuguese , Russian , Japanese , Korean , Urdu , and Chinese . It was established in 1851 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "84b1e2ce4557022c336606dcfb4fa489", "text": "Advance Telecom Advance Telecom is a Pakistan 's largest mobile phone company . The company was created in 2003 , partnering with LG Corporation , at the time a growing brand . It partnered with Siemens Mobile in 2004 and Motorola in 2005 , and finally with Nokia , the largest smartphone brand of the world , in 2006 . It recently partnered with Rivo Mobiles in 2015 . The tagline of the organization is , `` Hum Dosto ko Bholtay Nahin '' which means `` We do not forget friends '' , where they call their customers their friends . They also use the tagline `` Rabtoun Kay Safar Mein Sab Doston Kay Sath Sath '' , meaning `` Standing by all Friends in the Voyage of Connections '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ebda3dbbd98c712f7588d1e546f77f2", "text": "Sagarmatha Television (Nepal) Not to be confused with : Sagarmatha Television ( USA ) Sagarmatha Television , is a Nepali Television channel established in July 2007 . It is a News channel and broadcasts in the Nepali language . STV is a leader in live and breaking news telecast and prompt information delivery of current affairs in Nepal . STV uses bureaus in all districts and overseas countries and makes every effort to keep the viewers informing from uniquely different angles . Its headquarters are in Babarmahal , Kathmandu . It has the slogan '' तपाईंको तेश्रो आँखा '' ( Your Third Eye ) , this is the Nepal 's first news channel . This is the only one channel that broadcasts news in more than five ethnic languages ( Tamang , Magar , Gurung , Maitheli and Newar ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b494686b9fffc59754bcf840ae7da29", "text": "Television Maldives Television Maldives is the public service broadcasting TV channel of the Maldives . It was formed on March 29 , 1978 . In 2009 , the management of Television Maldives ( TVM ) and national radio , Dhivehiraajjeyge Adu -LSB- Voice of Maldives -RSB- was handed over to newly formed Maldives National Broadcasting Corporation ( MNBC ) . Following this , in 2010 , TVM was rebranded as MNBC One , and Dhivehiraajjeyge Adu -LSB- Voice of Maldives -RSB- was renamed as Raajje Radio . Maldives National Broadcasting Corporation ( MNBC ) recently rebranded the name of Television Maldives ( TVM ) to `` MNBC One . '' Under the rebranding process , the company also changed the name of Voice of Maldives ( VOM ) to `` Raajje Radio . '' The move came days after Maldives Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ) formed under Maldives Broadcasting Corporation Act announced that all the assets , employees , and land used by state media organisations belong to the company and MNBC was using the assets against law . Maldives Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ) filed a lawsuit in Civil Court against Finance Ministry to procure assets , money , and employees of Television Maldives ( TVM ) and Voice of Maldives ( VOM ) , now rebranded to MNBC One and Raajje Radio . In late 2009 , MNBC launched `` Youth TV '' , a half-day television channel that airs in the evening . This channel is aimed at the teens and youth of the Maldives . The channel is no longer airing . After the resignation of President Mohamed Nasheed , a group of police officers with many from public have taken the MNBC Station on a court order . Soon after VTV feed was aired on the frequency . Later that day the Channel was renamed to TVM , although the radio channel kept the Raajje Radio name . As of 8 February 2012 , the station became a public service broadcaster , under the umbrella of Maldives Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ) . On 30 March 2015 , a bill was sent to the People 's Majlis to dissolve MBC and establish a new company to run state media , named Public Service Media or PSM for short . One of the purposes of PSM stated in the bill is to develop and sustain under expense of state budget new media , broadcasting devices , print media and all other technologies that provide news , information , awareness and entertainment . And also remaining as national media that is impartial to influence with editorial independence with nationwide coverage under the common regulations and policies within the law . On 28 April 2015 , President Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom ratified the Public Service Media Bill , making PSM the official state media company . Following the ratification , seven individuals were nominated to the Public Service Media Governing Board by the president on 29 April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81e9aa3e27a90adf9865b7b304129786", "text": "Such TV SUCH TV is a television network based in Pakistan . SUCH TV is Pakistan 's News & Current Affairs TV channel . with an aim of bringing unbiased and factual inform . SUCH TV had started broadcasting on 23 March 2010 . Such TV will display broadcast to the public , keeping in view its principles and conducts of electronic media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca386aed322cb37c55483f5227cd34e9", "text": "Bhutan News Service Bhutan News Service , abbreviated as BNS , is the first news agency of Bhutan . It is run as an independent news agency by Bhutanese refugee journalists since 2004 from Kathmandu , the capital city of Nepal . This is , probably , first of its kind considering a very few refugee media or journalism in exile . The agency is solely operated by refugees who are mostly born or brought up in refugee camps and without previous media experiences . When over 100,000 of Bhutanese refugees started taking shelter in UN-administered refugee camps of Jhapa and Morang districts in eastern part of Nepal , there was a need of a vocal media in the refugee community . Several attempts were made by persons of various backgrounds to keep the journalism works going . However , survival of those media was not easy due to lack of funding , and they died one after the other . The Bhutan News Service was founded in 2004 by a small group of Bhutanese refugee youths , who during the time believed that journalism was a noble means to keep community informed and continue advocating the refugee issue . Most of the exiled publications were shut down , in particular following crunch financial assistance and or due to lack of human resources to continue volunteering without anything in return . Therefore , the news service emerged in as an alternative means to replace most of those publications , if not all . Initially , the works were limited to simply blogging . From 2006 , BNS went online through its own news portal . ″ APFA initiated a joint effort for press freedom and called on two other media organizations working for press freedom in Bhutan and operating in exile . Thus a conference was held in eastern Nepal making a historic declaration vowing to expedite fight for press freedom . The first media conference adopted `` Declaration Dé Exile '' . The declaration also accepted the APFA proposal to accept Bhutan News Service as the common and first news agency of Bhutan , but operating from exile . ″ Currently , around two dozens of reporters and over half a dozen of editors from various countries contribute for the news service on voluntary basis . The news agency has not been legally registered since Nepalese laws do not entertain registration of any entity owned and run by foreign nationals in Nepalese soil . ″ Unfortunately , we are not a registered entity yet . While most of our members were based in the capital city of Nepal for years , we made several attempts to get it registered in Nepal , but to no avail . We are , however , in the course of getting it registered preferably in USA since most of our members are based there and a vast majority of the Bhutanese have gotten resettled in the same place . ″", "title": "" }, { "docid": "960e6288a515270f8013d5f472d0dc80", "text": "Khabar Agency The Khabar Agency is a major media outlet in Kazakhstan . It was established in 1995 , known originally as the National Television News Agency . It is currently one of the largest networks in the country , and broadcasts daily in Russian and Kazakh . Additionally , Khabar runs the satellite channel Kazakh TV , which is potentially available across Europe and Asia . It features programming in Russian , Kazakh , and English . Khabar annually hosts the Eurasian Media Forum , which attempts to bring together journalists and political figures to `` facilitate the professional development of the Eurasian media and promote international public understanding of Eurasian issues '' . Since 1 January 2016 Khabar has been an associate member of the EBU .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4780838787fbb34a45b64ae0b85aa227", "text": "Emirates News Agency Emirates News Agency ( -LSB- وكالة أنباء الامارات , Wakalat Anba'a al Emarat -RSB- ) , also known as WAM , is the official news agency of the United Arab Emirates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e1536382118563501da54efa494b46d", "text": "Independent Media Corporation The Independent Media Corporation is one of Pakistan 's largest media conglomerates . It started with the publications of the Jang Group of Newspapers and later added the Geo Network to its offerings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dca86b22222a31994c4ad5b60853a76", "text": "Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority The Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority پاکستان نيؤكلر ريگيلرٹوى اثھارٹى ; Acronym : PNRA ) , is mandated by Government of Pakistan to regulate use of nuclear energy , radioactive sources and use of ionizing radiations . The mission of PNRA is to protect the public , radiation workers and environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiations by formulating and implementing effective regulations and building a relationship of trust with the licensees and maintain transparency in its actions and decisions . Although , the concept of nuclear regulatory existed in 1965 but it gained full government commission in 2001 , with the establishment Nuclear Command Authority . Headquartered in Islamabad , this agency was established in 2001 after President Justice ( retired ) Rafiq Tarar signed the executive decree `` Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority Ordinance No.III '' in 2000 , and was first opened its operation in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "252204eb340b1e966e3604f3a0b81659", "text": "Vital Signs (band) Vital Signs were a Pakistan pop and rock band formed in Rawalpindi in 1986 . Since their formation , they became Pakistan 's first and most commercially successful as well as critically acclaimed act . The band 's popular lineup consisted of keyboardist Rohail Hyatt , bassist Shahzad Hasan , guitarist Nusrat Hussain and vocalist Junaid Jamshed . Rooted in Rawalpindi with some influence from Western music during the conservative regime of President Zia-ul-Haq , the Vital Signs utilizes several genres , ranging from pop music to rock , and often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways . In the early 1990s , they came to be perceived by many Pakistani fans and country 's cultural observers as a `` promising new era of cultural revival '' . Their enormous popularity significantly opened a new wave of music and a modern chapter in the history of Pakistan . The band built its reputation playing in university campuses and underground rock music concerts held in different parts of the country , before being noticed by PTV performing art section director Shoaib Mansoor . The band initially gained national prominence and popularity from their music video of their single `` Dil Dil Pakistan '' first aired on PTV . Written by Shaoib Mansoor , the song became a big commercial hit and critically acclaimed in the public ; it was voted , in an unscientific poll as the third most popular song of all time by BBC World . By the early 1990s , the band members had become public celebrities and international stars in the midst of the 1990s . From the 1980s to the 1990s , they produced many of their highly successful and critically praised albums , what many cultural critics consider their finest material including the innovative and widely influential albums , Vital Signs 1 ( 1989 ) , Vital Signs 2 ( 1991 ) , Aitebar ( 1993 ) and Hum Tum ( 1995 ) . The success of their second album marked the international prominence of the band , first traveling to the United States to perform , becoming the first Pakistani music act to go abroad on a tour . After the disintegrating and fading of the band in 1998 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers . Leading singer Junaid Jamshed went on to pursue a career as a solo singer and as an Islamic televangelist , Shahzad Hasan concentrated on his work as a music producer and Rohail Hyatt formed a production company . The Vital Signs is considered one of the most successful bands in Pakistan , having influenced many of the pop , rock , and heavy metal musical groups originating from Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81716b913194ebdaac4a87445d118aaf", "text": "Televisión Española Televisión Española ( acronym TVE , on lowercase letters : tve , in English `` Spanish Television '' ) is the national state-owned public-service television broadcaster in Spain . TVE belongs to the RTVE Corporation which has overall responsibility for national public-service radio and television under a Parliament-appointed General Manager who , as well as being answerable to a Board of Directors , reports to an all-party committee of the national parliament , as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006 . TVE 's activities were previously financed by a combination of advertising revenue and subsidies from the national government , but since it has been supported by subsidies only .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f2437bc09ff8f3f972b7b9e693343d4", "text": "Hindustani grammar Hindustani is the lingua franca of northern India and Pakistan , and its two standardised registers , Hindi and Urdu , are official languages of India and Pakistan respectively . Grammatical differences between the two standards are minimal but each uses its own script : Hindi uses Devanagari while Urdu uses an extended form of the Perso-Arabic script , typically in the Nastaʿlīq style . On this grammar page Hindustani is written in `` standard orientalist '' transcription as outlined in . Being `` primarily a system of transliteration from the Indian scripts , -LSB- and -RSB- based in turn upon Sanskrit '' ( cf. IAST ) , these are its salient features : subscript dots for retroflex consonants ; macrons for etymologically , contrastively long vowels ; h denoting aspirated plosives . Tildes denote nasalized vowels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbc27ac616a6a5c872488cc6580a0cd", "text": "Metropolis Daily Metropolis Daily is the Hong Kong edition of Metro ( Metro International ) , which publishes free newspapers around the world with 25 editions in 16 countries in 14 languages . It is the first free newspaper in Hong Kong . The Hong Kong version was first launched on April 15 , 2002 ; it is distributed for free in the racks located in 49 Mass Transit Railway ( MTR ) stations except the Airport Station . According to the Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations in September 2002 , the daily circulation of the newspaper was 302,197 copies , making it the third largest daily newspaper in Hong Kong . The paper is distributed from Monday to Friday ( except for public holidays ) , by hand or from the newspaper stands in 49 MTR stations and 11 other key central locations , such as big shopping malls owned by MTR Corporation Limited like Paradise Mall , Telford Plaza , and Luk Yeung Galleria ( 綠楊坊 Pinyin : lǜ yáng fāng ) . Since it is free of charge and easily accessible , many people like to get one on their way to school or work . The paper attracts a younger generation of readers with a great purchasing power likewise , therefore many advertisers are interested in promoting their products on Metropolis Daily . The operating costs of the paper are mainly covered by the classified advertisements in the newspaper . However , the influence of the paper is not yet significant . Though around one tenth size of other newspapers printing local first-hand news reported by fresh journalists , its main news sources are actually the television , radio news , press releases and wired news . As one Metropolis '' ' reporter said , `` Nobody seems to know that we made an exclusive story . '' The paper is in Chinese in most parts , together with an English international section . According to Metropolis , the paper can be read in a `` 19-minute commute '' as the articles inside are usually short and laconic ; readers can scan through the paper so quickly that they can grab a brief understanding of the news within minutes . Although the paper is a tabloid , i.e. a minute-sized newspaper giving the stories in a condensed form , it includes many sections , which make the paper very rich in contents . These sections include : local news ( including one page written in Simplified Chinese ) ; Chinese news ; international news ; finance ; sports ; entertainment ; side stories ; English news digest ; editorial column ; television program schedule ; and film section . Readers can read the on-line edition of Metropolis all over the world by simply registering as users at its official site , and it is totally free . Besides , there is also a club called `` Club Metro '' '' offering discounts in films , sports and travel to its members . Readers can enjoy these benefits once they have joined the club . There are 700,000 worldwide members in this club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc1a9ca86871a84765aaa903ebfa3592", "text": "Azad News Azad News is an Hindi-language 24/7 News television channel The channel is a free-to-air . The channel is available across all major cable and DTH platforms as well as online .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00038e71b1430397692acfd19e8391f3", "text": "Gehwara-e-Adab Gehwara-e-Adab -LSB- Nursery of Literature -RSB- is an International well-known Literary Organization which has worldwide reach and created a history in Urdu Literary world . It was formed to support and promote Urdu Language and its rich literature in the world . Currently it is working in Pakistan , United States and Canada . Gehwara-e-Adab was founded in Karachi on 1989 by a group of students from University of Karachi , with the aim to highlight the feature and importance of Urdu . It has continuously conducted several programs include Urdu Debate Competition , Urdu Speech Competition , Urdu essay competition and Urdu Mushairah ( Poetry recitation ) . Team Gehwara-e-Adab is committed to promote Urdu literature and poetry to enhance Urdu culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f9012d7a7e51842538142d24bff1386", "text": "Awaaz India Tv Awaaz India Tv is an Hindi-language 24/7 news television channel , owned by Awaaz Group Asia Limted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cfa4972815e8e84c1dea29c8635dce5", "text": "State emblem of Pakistan The state emblem of Pakistan was adopted in 1954 and symbolizes Pakistan 's ideological foundation , the basis of its economy , its cultural heritage and its guiding principles . The four components of the emblem are a crescent and star crest above a shield , which is surrounded by a wreath , below which is a scroll . The crest and the green colour of the emblem are traditional symbols of Islam . The quartered shield in the centre shows cotton , wheat , tea and jute , which were the major crops of Pakistan at independence and are shown in a form of shield and signify as the main agricultural base for the importance of the Nation 's economy . The floral wreath , surrounding the shield , is Jasminum officinale ( the national flower ) and represents the floral designs used in traditional Mughal art and emphasizes the cultural heritage of Pakistan . The scroll supporting the shield contains the national motto in Urdu , '' '' , which reads from right to left : ( -LSB- ) , translated as `` Faith , Unity , Discipline '' which are intended as the guiding principles for Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0fea1553e3d5258dca6a82910e7d6c0", "text": "Theatre of Pakistan This article deals with topics pertaining to theatre of Pakistan . Theatre in Pakistan has been developed and influenced by the traditional Persian theatre as well as from classical Indian dance practices of the Mughal Empire . With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate that began in the 10th and 11th centuries , theatre was discouraged or forbidden entirely . Later , in an attempt to re-assert indigenous values and ideas , village theatre was encouraged across the South Asia , developing in a large number of regional languages from the 15th to the 19th centuries . Modern Urdu theatre developed during the period of colonial rule under the British Empire , from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th . In 1855 , the enactment of the play Inder Sabha ( The Heavenly Court of Indra ) written by Agha Hasan Amanat in the courtyard of the last Nawab of Oudh , Wajid Ali Shah , has been highly regarded as the beginning of Urdu theatre . Pakistan has a growing theatre culture , with English and Urdu theatre being the dominant forms . Today , the major competition with theatre is that represented by growing television industry and the spread of films produced in the Pakistani film industry based in Karachi and Lahore , known as `` Lollywood '' . Lack of finance is another major obstacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b7ba7e64da485f177f44a6918545efc", "text": "Prime Minister of Pakistan The Prime Minister of Pakistan ( -LSB- -- , -LSB- ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm -RSB- ; lit . `` Grand Vizier '' ) , is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the `` chief executive of the Republic '' . The Prime Minister leads the executive branch of the government , oversees the economic growth , heads the Council of Common Interests as well as the Cabinet , and is vested with the command authority over the nuclear arsenals . This position places its holder in leadership of the nation and in control over all matters of internal and foreign policy . The incumbent Prime Minister is Nawaz Sharif -- a presiding figure of the conservative Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) . The Prime Minister is elected by the members of the National Assembly and therefore is usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament . The Constitution of Pakistan vests the executive powers in the Prime Minister who is responsible for appointing the Cabinet as well as running the executive branch , taking and authorising executive decisions , appointments and recommendations that require executive confirmation of the Prime Minister . Constitutionally , the Prime Minister serves as the chief adviser to President of Pakistan on critical matters and plays an influential role in appointment in each branch and the military leadership as well as ensuring the control of the military through chairman joint chiefs . Powers of the Prime Minister have significantly grown with a delicate system of the check and balance by each branch . The position was absent during years of 1960 -- 73 and 1977-85 due to imposed martial law . In each of these periods , the military junta led by the President had the powers of the Prime Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "799cede1b3e2f7eab0b81a7754588146", "text": "Inter-Services Public Relations The Inter-Services Public Relations ( بین الخدماتی تعلقات عامہ Reporting name : ISPR ) , is the media wing of the Pakistan Armed Forces which broadcasts and coordinates military news and information to the country 's civilian media and the civic society . The ISPR directorate serves the purpose of aiming to strengthen public relations with the civic society , through interacting with the media . The directorate also works as the principle voice of the Pakistan 's military , with its director-general serving as the official spokesperson of the armed forces . In addition , the ISPR provides fund , productions , and assists with the military fiction franchise -- both military dramas and the war films .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5d57447d6ac7b12947f0318adfa0019c", "text": "Kaminey Kaminey ( Rascal ) is a 2009 Indian caper thriller film directed by Vishal Bhardwaj and featuring Shahid Kapoor , Priyanka Chopra and Amol Gupte in the lead roles . Set against the backdrop of the Mumbai underworld , Kaminey follows a rivalry between a pair of twins , one with a lisp and the other with a stutter , over the course of a single day . Bhardwaj co-wrote the screenplay with Sabrina Dhawan , Abhishek Chaubey , and Supratik Sen. Bhardwaj bought the original script for from Kenyan writer Cajetan Boywhom he had mentored at a scriptwriting workshop in Uganda . Kaminey was released on 14 August 2009 and became a box-office success worldwide , grossing over against a budget of . The film 's soundtrack album also became a commercial success , with the song `` Dhan Te Nan '' topping the charts on various platforms . Kaminey received widespread critical acclaim , with several critics and media publications placing it at number one on their listings of `` Best film of the year '' . Since its release , the film has attained cult status . It received several awards and nominations at ceremonies across India . At the 55th Filmfare Awards , it received ten nominations , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor , Best Actress , and Best Supporting Actor ; it won the award for Best Special Effects . At the 57th National Film Awards , Kaminey won two awards -- Best Audiography for Subash Sahoo and Special Jury Award for its editing by A. Sreekar Prasad .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4bf06056206e3419db3d1c1b670681d7", "text": "Literary Encyclopedia Literary Encyclopedia ( Russian : Литературная энциклопедия ) is a 12-volume encyclopedia published in the USSR from 1929 until 1939 . It contains more than 5000 entries with a focus on Russian and Soviet authors , as well as literary schools , trends , directions , and literary concepts . The 10th volume was delayed by Soviet censors in 1937 , rumored to be a result of concerns about the article `` Russian literature '' The series was halted in 1939 after the publication of the 11th volume . The 12 volume was published later based on drafts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb09913b1d6c461e5e533363498dfa0", "text": "Kamikaze (manga) is a manga series written and illustrated by Satoshi Shiki , published in Kodansha 's Afternoon magazine from 1998 to 2003 . A 2-CD audio drama based on the manga was released on December 26 , 2003 . An English translation of all seven volumes of the manga was released by Tokyopop between February 2006 and February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c034a4745f139c6bea727f1e6a52d7fb", "text": "Sefer Torah A Sefer Torah ( ; plural : Sifrei Torah ; `` Book ( s ) of Torah '' or `` Torah scroll ( s ) '' ) is a handwritten copy of the Torah , the holiest book in Judaism . It must meet extremely strict standards of production . The Torah scroll is mainly used in the ritual of Torah reading during Jewish prayers . At other times , it is stored in the holiest spot within a synagogue , the Torah ark , which is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faces Jerusalem , the direction Jews face when praying . The text of the Torah is also commonly printed and bound in book form for non-ritual functions . It is then known as a Chumash ( `` five-part '' , for the five books of Moses ) , and is often accompanied by commentaries or translations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a97498aff4993217055fe65173087529", "text": "Krytyka Krytyka ( Критика `` Critique '' ) is a Ukrainian intellectual monthly/bi-monthly magazine and publishing house dedicated to in-depth analysis of current affairs , culture and book reviews in Ukraine and the region . Krytyka was founded in 1997 by the Harvard professor of Ukrainian literature George Grabowicz . The magazine is a partner of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute , University of St. Gallen ( Center for Governance and Culture in Europe ) , and an exclusive partner of The New York Review of Books in Ukraine . Krytyka receives support from Western and Ukrainian foundations for its various projects ( National Endowment for Democracy , Robert Bosch Stiftung , Open Society Foundations ) . Krytyka is a member of Eurozine , a network of European cultural magazines , and sees its role in mediating between Ukrainian and global intellectual elites . Since 2014 , it is also available in English .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5560e73448abfc1197090490e05925b8", "text": "Wladimir Kaminer Wladimir Kaminer ( -LSB- Владимир Викторович Каминер , Vladímir Víktorovich Kamíner -RSB- born 19 July 1967 ) is a Russian-born German short story writer , columnist and disc jockey of Jewish origin . Kaminer was born in Moscow , and after initially training as an audio engineer for theatre and radio , then studied dramaturgy at the Moscow Institute of Theatre . Following the collapse of the Berlin Wall , Kaminer emigrated to Marzahn , Berlin , in 1990 . From the late 1990s onward Kaminer became a prime mover in Berlin 's art and literature scenes , based at the reopened Kaffee Burger club . He holds regular readings at the cafe , and also contributes regularly to various German literary organs . Kaminer also hosts a weekly radio show , called Wladimir 's World , on Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg 's ( formerly Sender Freies Berlin ) RADIOmultikulti , a station aimed at immigrants in Germany . Kaminer also regularly DJs at his `` Russendiskos '' , during which he exclusively plays music by Russian bands . These discos originally began at the Kaffee Burger , but now also occasionally tour Germany . Though Russian is his first language , Kaminer 's entire literary output is in German , and sometimes concerns the language contact situation of Russian immigrants to Germany . In 2006 he announced his intention to run for Mayor of Berlin in 2011 . The final chapter of his 2007 book Ich bin kein Berliner was subtitled `` My first speech as mayoral candidate '' ( Meine erste Rede als Bürgermeisterkandidat ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11707eca4f5ee63a7e61340417e625a1", "text": "Eugene Onegin Eugene Onegin ( Евге́ний Оне́гин , BGN/PCGN : Yevgeniy Onegin ) is a novel in verse written by Alexander Pushkin . Onegin is considered a classic of Russian literature , and its eponymous protagonist has served as the model for a number of Russian literary heroes ( so-called superfluous men ) . It was published in serial form between 1825 and 1832 . The first complete edition was published in 1833 , and the currently accepted version is based on the 1837 publication . Almost the entire work is made up of 389 stanzas of iambic tetrameter with the unusual rhyme scheme `` AbAbCCddEffEgg '' , where the uppercase letters represent feminine rhymes while the lowercase letters represent masculine rhymes . This form has come to be known as the `` Onegin stanza '' or the `` Pushkin sonnet . '' The innovative rhyme scheme , the natural tone and diction , and the economical transparency of presentation all demonstrate the virtuosity which has been instrumental in proclaiming Pushkin as the undisputed master of Russian poetry . The story is told by a narrator ( a lightly fictionalized version of Pushkin 's public image ) , whose tone is educated , worldly , and intimate . The narrator digresses at times , usually to expand on aspects of this social and intellectual world . This allows for a development of the characters and emphasizes the drama of the plot despite its relative simplicity . The book is admired for the artfulness of its verse narrative as well as for its exploration of life , death , love , ennui , convention and passion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e948b3d83edf45ec3fbfb250008e3e50", "text": "Female artist's novel Female artist 's novel is a literary subtype of Kunstlerroman which can be defined as a literary procedure which deals with the main female protagonist 's growing to maturity and gaining experience and independence as an artist , namely a writer . Based on the major assumptions of Kunstlerroman , female artist 's novel works as a portrayal of a woman 's artistic struggle as she acquires artistic freedom and masters the artistic craft of being a writer and gaining literary dexterity . The scope of the genre is deeply rooted in the main assumptions of Kunstlerroman , where the growth of the character is displayed from one 's youth to adulthood and deals with one 's emotional and personal development on the way to artistic fulfillment . As opposed to Kunstlerroman , female artist 's novel focuses only on a female writer , who besides being a capable artist and creator of her own reality , is often to perform many social roles simultaneously ( e.g. the role of a wife , a mother , home guardian , etc. ) to meet expectations the society imposes on her . The genre itself is more gendered due to its focus on a female position .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40c1b961385a493e69fb2d39e3ccba9a", "text": "Big Read (Hungarian) Big Read is the Hungarian version of the BBC Big Read . The Big Read was imported into Hungary under the name A Nagy Könyv ( lit . `` The Big Book '' ) and took place in 2005 . Around 1400 libraries , 500 book shops and 1300 schools participated in the competition in various ways . It proved to be far more popular in Hungary ( with a population of 10 million ) than in the UK ( with a population of 60 million ) , with 400,000 votes arriving ( as opposed to 140,000 votes in the UK competition in the corresponding period ) . Voting for the top 100 began in late February : one was allowed to vote for any novel published in Hungarian . It ended on April 23 , when the 50 `` foreign '' and 50 Hungarian most popular novels were selected . On June 11 , the top 12 novels were chosen in the framework of a television show presented by cultural celebrities . In the next months , 12 short films were made from these novels and screened in television , which competed with each other in pairs . On December 15 , the population selected their ultimate favourite by SMS and phone . The winning novel , which received the title `` the most liked novel of Hungary 2005 '' , was the same book as the result of the previous round , Eclipse of the Crescent Moon . The other two Hungarian books that participated in the final were The Paul Street Boys and Abigél .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4082bdfb9f5ef5757fbb08ff9a6ee94", "text": "Barzakh Editions Barzakh Editions is an independent publishing house in Algeria . It publishes work of a new generation of Algerian writers . Barzakh within islam is the period between someone 's death and his resurrection at the Last Judgment and the stay in the akhirah afterwards . Barzakh was founded by Selma Hellal and Sofiane Hadjadj in the year of 2000 , during the last years of the Algerian Civil War . In these years the conflicts in the country were greatly isolated form the world outside . According to the jury of the Prince Claus Awards in 2010 , the foundation of this publishing house was elemental for opening the door again between Algeria and the rest of the world . Initially it had been the purpose to publish work of writers of Algerian soil only . Hellal and Hadjadj noticed though , that the civil war had caused that a great number of writers had fled abroad . For this reason the focus changed to publish work of authors that lived in exile as well as giving a chance to authors who otherwise probably would n't have had a chance . An important mainspring for the founders was the passion for books and the trust that freedom of thought and of expression are essential for development . Up to 2010 the house had published more than 110 books , varying mainly between novels and poetry . Furthermore , books have been published in areas like philosophy , photography , drama , politics , art , and more . As from the start the house has been dependent from mainly European sponsors , because the circumstances and the nature of the publications caused that the publisher was n't viable on itself . For instance the French embassy in Algiers had mercy on the cost for establishing copyrights for the books . Furthermore , the Swiss government and a number of funds offered financial support to the publisher . In 2010 Barzakh Editions was honored with the Principal Prince Claus Award from the Netherlands . The jury praised it among other things for '' giving concrete form to Algeria 's voices , for opening up a much needed space for critical reflection on Algerian realities , for building a bridge connecting different languages and cultures , and for creatively breaking through the threatening cultural isolation of the country . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95", "text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a75341e7ee8d4202fa29a62896b7307", "text": "Chapbook A chapbook is an early type of popular literature printed in early modern Europe . Produced cheaply , chapbooks were commonly small , paper-covered booklets , usually printed on a single sheet folded into books of 8 , 12 , 16 and 24 pages . They were often illustrated with crude woodcuts , which sometimes bore no relation to the text . When illustrations were included in chapbooks , they were considered popular prints . The tradition of chapbooks arose in the 16th century , as soon as printed books became affordable , and rose to its height during the 17th and 18th centuries . Many different kinds of ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks , such as almanacs , children 's literature , folk tales , ballads , nursery rhymes , pamphlets , poetry , and political and religious tracts . The term `` chapbook '' for this type of literature was coined in the 19th century . The corresponding French and German terms are bibliothèque bleue ( blue book ) and Volksbuch , respectively . In Spain they were known as pliegos de cordel . The term `` chapbook '' is also in use for present-day publications , commonly short , inexpensive booklets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3b1f1c2790d188bd4dcbf906256ec54", "text": "The Works of Max Beerbohm The Works of Max Beerbohm was the first book published by English caricaturist , essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm . It was published in 1896 when Beerbohm was aged 24 . A collection of Beerbohm 's essays from the 1890s written while he was still a student at Oxford and which had originally been printed in The Yellow Book , The Savoy , The Pageant , The Chap Book , and other notable periodicals , the book was published in London by John Lane at The Bodley Head in 1896 , and launched Beerbohm 's career as an essayist . The book contains Beerbohm 's notorious essay A Defence of Cosmetics , which had appeared in the first number of The Yellow Book in April 1894 , revised and renamed The Pervasion of Rouge . `` Replete with mock-scholarly footnotes and biographical information , The Works epitomizes Beerbohm 's penchant for deflating pretentiousness with satiric imitation , '' wrote Ann Adams Cleary in the Dictionary of Literary Biography . `` Anything large - ideas , ideals , literary works , London crowds - caused him dismay . '' In this , his first book , the 24-year-old Beerbohm announced gravely that he would now retire from letters , having said all there was to say . Of course , he did not . A limited edition of 780 copies , signed and numbered by the author , was issued in 1922 , with 750 being offered for sale , while the remaining 30 were for presentation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651fb7ee15e1ef1721204b79b0c3b414", "text": "Deseret Book Deseret Book ( -LSB- dɛz.əˈrɛt . -RSB- ) is the largest Latter-day Saint book publisher and also owns a chain of LDS bookstores in the Western United States . Over 150 people work in its Salt Lake City headquarters . Deseret Book is a wholly owned subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation , the holding company for business firms owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Deseret Book is a for-profit corporation registered in Utah . Deseret Book publishes under four imprints with media ranging from works explaining LDS theology and doctrine , LDS-related fiction , electronic resources , and sound recordings such as Mormon Tabernacle Choir albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56dc1f02ed74e2c642a155951b2e22fe", "text": "Kama Kama ( Sanskrit , Pali ; Devanagari : काम ) means `` desire , wish , longing '' in Indian literature . Kama often connotes sexual desire and longing in contemporary literature , but the concept more broadly refers to any desire , wish , passion , longing , pleasure of the senses , the aesthetic enjoyment of life , affection , or love , with or without sexual connotations . Kama is one of the four goals of human life in Hindu traditions . It is considered an essential and healthy goal of human life when pursued without sacrificing the other three goals : Dharma ( virtuous , proper , moral life ) , Artha ( material prosperity , income security , means of life ) and Moksha ( liberation , release , self-actualization ) . Together , these four aims of life are called Puruṣārtha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c3f73167a15c98752bb5851561a325", "text": "Anna Karenina Anna Karenina ( `` Анна Каренина '' -LSB- ˈanːə kɐˈrʲenʲɪnə -RSB- ) is a novel by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy , published in serial installments from 1873 to 1877 in the periodical The Russian Messenger . Tolstoy clashed with editor Mikhail Katkov over political issues that arose in the final installment ( Tolstoy 's negative views of Russian volunteers going to fight in Serbia ) ; therefore , the novel 's first complete appearance was in book form in 1878 . Widely regarded as a pinnacle in realist fiction , Tolstoy considered Anna Karenina his first true novel , after he came to consider War and Peace to be more than a novel . Fyodor Dostoyevsky declared it `` flawless as a work of art . '' His opinion was shared by Vladimir Nabokov , who especially admired `` the flawless magic of Tolstoy 's style , '' and by William Faulkner , who described the novel as `` the best ever written . '' The novel remains popular , as demonstrated by a 2007 Time poll of 125 contemporary authors in which Anna Karenina was voted the `` greatest book ever written . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2826987e7a4307a3e5c7b80d9070c9dd", "text": "Shōnen manga is manga aimed at a young male audience . The age group varies with individual readers and different magazines , but it is primarily intended for boys between the ages of 8 to 18 . The kanji characters literally mean `` boy '' ( or `` youth '' ) , and the characters mean `` cartoon '' or `` comic '' . Thus , the complete phrase means `` young person 's comic '' , or simply `` boys ' comic '' ; its female equivalent is shōjo manga . Shōnen manga is the most popular form of manga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "020cf79591c81be4d9e4ad8a8ba2e308", "text": "I Lost It at the Movies I Lost It at the Movies ( 1965 ) is Pauline Kael 's first collection of reviews , covering the years 1954 -- 1965 , which was published prior to her long stint at The New Yorker . As a result , the pieces in the book are culled from radio broadcasts that she did while she was at KPFA , as well as numerous periodicals , including Moviegoer , the Massachusetts Review , Sight and Sound , Film Culture , Film Quarterly and Partisan Review . It contains her negative review of the then widely acclaimed West Side Story , glowing reviews of other movies such as The Golden Coach and Seven Samurai , as well as longer polemical essays such as her largely negative critical responses to Siegfried Kracauer 's Theory of Film and Andrew Sarris 's Film Culture essay Notes on the Auteur Theory , 1962 . The book was a bestseller upon its first release , and is now published by Marion Boyars Publishers . Kael 's first book is characterized by an approach where she would often quote contemporary critics such as Bosley Crowther and Dwight Macdonald as a springboard to debunk their assertions while advancing her own ideas . This approach was later abandoned in her subsequent reviews , but is notably referred to in Macdonald 's book , Dwight Macdonald On Movies ( 1969 ) . When an interviewer asked her in later years as to what she had `` lost '' , as indicated in the title , Kael averred : `` There are so many kinds of innocence to be lost at the movies . '' It is the first in a series of titles of books that would have a deliberately erotic connotation , typifying the sensual relation Kael perceived herself as having with the movies , as opposed to the theoretical bent that some among her colleagues had .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca477ba907cd572a95c4e2147d42cb4", "text": "Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature . Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts . Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures . Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5ed42ba0bda36b3dbaa7355ee01c772c", "text": "Narendra Modi Narendra Damodardas Modi ( -LSB- ˈnəɾeːnd̪rə d̪aːmoːd̪əɾˈd̪aːs ˈmoːd̪iː -RSB- , born 17 September 1950 ) is an Indian politician who is the 14th and current Prime Minister of India , in office since May 2014 . He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 , and is the Member of Parliament for Varanasi . Modi , a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) , is a Hindu nationalist and member of the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . Born to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar , Modi helped his father sell tea as a child , and later ran his own stall . He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight , beginning a long association with the organisation . He left home after graduating from school , partly because of an arranged marriage which he rejected . Modi traveled around India for two years , and visited a number of religious centres . He returned to Gujarat and moved to Ahmedabad in 1969 or 1970 . In 1971 he became a full-time worker for the RSS . During the state of emergency imposed across the country in 1975 , Modi was forced to go into hiding . The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 , and he held several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001 , rising to the rank of general secretary . Modi was appointed Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001 , due to Keshubhai Patel 's failing health and poor public image following the earthquake in Bhuj . Modi was elected to the legislative assembly soon after . His administration has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots , or otherwise criticised for its handling of it , although a court found no evidence to prosecute Modi . His policies as chief minister , credited with encouraging economic growth , have received praise . His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health , poverty , and education indices in the state . Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election , which gave the party a majority in the Lok Sabha , the first time a single party had achieved this since 1984 . Modi himself was elected to parliament from Varanasi . Since taking office , Modi 's administration has tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy , increased spending on infrastructure , and reduced spending on healthcare and social welfare programmes . Modi has attempted to improve efficiency in the bureaucracy , and centralised power through the abolition of the planning commission . He has begun a high-profile sanitation campaign , and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws . Credited with engineering a political realignment towards right-wing politics , Modi remains a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his role during the 2002 Gujarat riots , cited as evidence of an exclusionary social agenda .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d49f212bf641ca249745fd8a67ed777", "text": "R. B. Sreekumar R.B. Sreekumar is a former Gujarat State Director-General of Police . He is known for his alleged false implication of Nambi Narayanan ( who was a scientist in Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre ) and his stand on the 2002 Gujarat violence followed by Godhra train burning against the Government of Gujarat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f2361a56b29bb87310d113dd02a3243", "text": "Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 The Prevention of Terrorism Act , 2002 ( POTA ) was an Act passed by the Parliament of India in 2002 , with the objective of strengthening anti-terrorism operations . The Act was enacted due to several terrorist attacks that were being carried out in India and especially in response to the attack on the Parliament . The Act replaced the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance ( POTO ) of 2001 and the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities ( Prevention ) Act ( TADA ) ( 1985 -- 95 ) , and was supported by the governing National Democratic Alliance . The Act was repealed in 2004 by the United Progressive Alliance coalition . The bill was defeated in the Rajya Sabha ( the upper house ) by a 113-98 vote , but was passed in a joint session ( 425 Ayes and 296 Nos ) , as the Lok Sabha ( lower house ) has more seats . It was only the third time that a bill was passed by a joint session of both houses of Parliament . The Act defined what constituted a `` terrorist act '' and who a `` terrorist '' was , and granted special powers to the investigating authorities described under the Act . In order to ensure that discretionary powers granted to the investigating agencies were not misused and human rights violations were not committed , specific safeguards were built into the Act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8a5cb26f1077d89e239eaa593b9774", "text": "Pollution of the Ganges Pollution of the Ganges ( or Ganga ) , the largest river in India , poses significant threats to human health and the larger environment . Severely polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants , the river provides water to about 40 % of India 's population across 11 states , serving an estimated population of 500 million people or more , more than any other river in the world . Today , Ganges is considered to be the fifth most polluted river in the world . Raghubir Singh has noted that no one in India spoke of the Ganges as polluted until the late 1970s . However , pollution has been an old and continuous process in the river as by the time people were finally speaking of the Ganges as polluted , stretches of over six hundred kilometers were essentially ecologically dead zones . A number of initiatives have been undertaken to clean the river but failed to deliver desired results . After getting elected , India 's Prime minister Narendra Modi affirmed to work in cleaning the river and controlling pollution . Subsequently , the Namami Ganga project was announced by the government in the July 2014 budget . An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores have been spent till July 2016 in various efforts in cleaning up of the river .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8541fe08f28cab079af69cbc2050b95", "text": "Karnataka Legislative Assembly The Karnataka Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Karnataka state in southern India . Karnataka is one of the seven states in India , where the state legislature is bicameral , comprising two houses . The two houses are the Vidhana Sabha ( lower house ) and the Vidhana Parishat ( upper house ) . The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise . The members of the Vidhana Parishat are elected indirectly by members of local bodies , teachers and graduates . There are 75 members of the Vidhana Parishat . Members of the Vidhana Parishat or Legislative Council normally have a term of six years , and are generally known as MLCs . There are 224 members of the Vidhana Sabha or the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka state . One member is a representative of the Anglo-Indian community nominated by the Governor of Karnataka . The state of Karnataka is divided into 225 constituencies used to elect the Legislative assembly . Each constituency elects one member of the assembly . Members are popularly known as MLAs . The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or `` first past the post '' electoral system . The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India . The normal term of the members lasts for five years . In case of death , resignation or disqualification of a member , a by-election is conducted for constituency represented by the member . The party which wins the most seats becomes the ruling party . In the 2013 elections , the Indian National Congress ( INC ) won a majority of seats , with 122 out of 224 MLAs . On 10 May 2013 , K. Siddaramaiah was chosen as Chief Minister and CLP leader by the MLAs . He was sworn in on 13 May 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "087b68613d9e97d4cf422516bc99b343", "text": "Fodder Scam The Fodder Scam ( Hindi : चारा घोटाला , chārā ghoṭālā ) was a corruption scandal that involved the embezzlement of about from the government treasury of the eastern Indian state of Bihar . Among those implicated in the theft and arrested were then Chief Minister of Bihar , Lalu Prasad Yadav , as well as former Chief Minister , Jagannath Mishra . The scandal led to the end of Lalu 's reign as Chief Minister . There is also allegation on Shivanand Tiwari of receiving 1 crore and 60 lakh Rupees respectively from S.N. Sinha . The theft spanned for many years , and allegedly involved numerous Bihar state 's administrative and elected officials across multiple administrations of the Indian National Congress and the Janata Dal parties . The corruption scheme involved the fabrication of `` vast herds of fictitious livestock '' for which fodder , medicines and animal husbandry equipment was supposedly procured . Although the scandal broke in 1996 , the theft had been in progress , and increased in size , for over two decades . Besides the magnitude and duration of the theft , the scam was and continues to be covered in Indian media due to the extensive nexus between tenured bureaucrats , elected politicians and businesspeople that it revealed , and as an example of the mafia raj that has penetrated several state-run economic sectors in the country . As of May 2013 , the trial has completed in 44 cases out of a total of 53 cases . More than 500 accused have been convicted and awarded punishments by various courts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2d108a9235bed1153a438c5049914b", "text": "Erroneous reporting on the 2008 Mumbai attacks During and immediately after the 2008 Mumbai attacks the news media worldwide broadcast incorrect factual information on a scale often seen in a fog of war . Erroneous reporting on the 2008 Mumbai attacks included false information concerning the number of attackers , their nationality , their organizational affiliations , origins , and the methods of transport they had used . Theories and speculations were openly aired by various commentators that were later proved to be wrong . Many such speculations , such as the involvement in the attacks of the `` Deccan Mujahideen '' , were widely reported by media worldwide . Various news outlets carried opinion pieces and unattributed theories about the origins of the attackers which were unfounded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34ead17fa6cdd63579221de02a8d613f", "text": "Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, 2002 Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in September - October 2002 in four phases . Mufti Mohammad Sayeed became Chief Minister of Jammu Kashmir after the elections . In 2005 under a coalition agreement INC 's Ghulam Nabi Azad became Chief Minister . He was the first Indian National Congress party Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir . In reaction terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammad had conducted a suicide car bomb attack in Srinagar killing six people just hours before Azad 's swearing-in . Panthers Party formed part of the ruling coalition with Harsh Dev Singh becoming the party 's first cabinet minister . Electronic Voting Machines were used for first time in Jammu Kashmir assembly elections in 2002 . The international community also appreciated the credibility of the elections and the results that followed it . The elections was seen as a victory of the ballot over the bullet . United States lauded 2002 elections of the state . There were 1.7 million voters in the state for 2002 elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "779eef9402898ef0a70dc47310f61fec", "text": "Shiv Sena Shiv Sena ( IAST : Śiva Sēnā ) ( translation ; Army of Shivaji ) , also known by the name Sena , is an Indian far-right regional political party . Its ideology is based on pro-Marathi ideology and Hindu nationalism ( Hindutva ) , founded on 19 June 1966 by political cartoonist Bal Thackeray . The party originally emerged from a movement in Mumbai demanding preferential treatment for Maharashtrians over migrants to the city . It is currently headed by Thackeray 's son , Uddhav Thackeray . Members of Shiv Sena are referred to as Shivsainiks . Although the party 's primary base is still in Maharashtra , it has tried to expand to a pan-Indian base . In the 1970s , it gradually moved from advocating a pro-Marathi ideology to one supporting a broader Hindu nationalist agenda , as it aligned itself with the Bharatiya Janata Party . The party started taking part in Mumbai ( BMC ) Municipal elections since its inception . In 1989 , it entered an alliance with BJP for Lok Sabha as well as Maharashtra assembly elections , the latter of which was temporarily broken in October 2014 Assembly elections but it was undone soon and Shiv Sena became part of the BJP government in Maharashtra in December 2014 . It has been a coalition partner in the National Democratic Alliance since 1998 , including the Vajpayee Government during 1998 -- 2004 and the present Narendra Modi Government . It has been referred to as an `` extremist '' , `` chauvinist '' , as well as a `` fascist party '' . Shiv Sena founder , Bal Thackeray , has taken comparisons with fascism as compliments as well as openly stated that he didnt believe in democracy . Shiv Sena and its supporters have been known to resort to violence with impunity . Shiv Sena has been blamed for the 1970 communal violence in Bhiwandi , the 1984 Bhiwandi riot and violence in the 1992-1993 Bombay riots.Other acts of violence attributed to Shivsainiks are the death of two persons , including a six month old baby , when Shivsainiks set fire to the Sunitidevi Singhania Hospital in Thane following the death of a Shiv Sena leader Anand Dighe . 80 % of Shiv Sena MPs in the 15th Lok Sabha face criminal charges . Dean Nelson of The Telegraph , while reporting on the removal of Rohinton Mistry 's novel , Such a Long Journey , from the Mumbai University 's literature syllabus following threats from Shiv Sena also noted that the party has a powerful hold over the Bollywood film industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "521dc9c6453bb111297db5f9f50c6797", "text": "Abdul Nazer Mahdani Abdul Nasser Mahdani also known as Abdul Nasser Maudani or simply Madani or Maudany ( Sasthamkotta , Kerala ) is a Muslim political activist from Kerala , India . Madani is suspected to have organized terrorist activities and maintains links with terrorist organizations including Lashkar-e-Toiba . Following the Babri Masjid demolition in 1992 , he launched the Peoples Democratic Party ( PDP ) , with the stated objective of creating a `` Muslim-Dalit-backward caste '' alliance under the slogan of `` Power to Avarnas and Liberation to The Oppressed '' . In 1992 , Mahdani became the target of an assassination attempt by a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh activist , in which he lost his right leg and is fitted with a prosthetic limb . Mahdani is considered to have become the rallying point in Kerala politics . Mahdani was alleged of having involvement in 1998 Coimbatore bombings but acquitted of all charges after spending nine and half years in Coimbatore Central Prison . Later he is alleged of having involvement in 2008 Bangalore serial blast . He is under judicial custody in relation with the 2008 Bangalore serial blasts . But his involvement is unproven He is not found guilty in any of the cases so far and still behind bars as an undertrial even after 15 years of imprisonment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f74810d1a20957bb0cbddea304d568", "text": "India Against Corruption India Against Corruption ( IAC ) is an anti-corruption movement in India which was particularly prominent during the anti-corruption protests of 2011 and 2012 , concerned with the introduction of the Jan Lokpal bill . It primarily sought to mobilise the masses in support of their demands . Divisions amongst key members of the IAC 's core committee eventually led to a split within the movement - Arvind Kejriwal left to form the Aam Aadmi Party , while Anna Hazare left to form Jantantra Morcha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43ad338e30b5249a665d2bd80cfd58d8", "text": "Illegal sand mining in Madhya Pradesh Illegal sand mining in Madhya Pradesh is a serious law & order and environmental issue . It is a flourishing unlawful practice because of the nexus between mining mafia and politicians . The illegal miners pay a hefty amount to politicians during elections . Many people , including police officers and activists , have lost their lives while trying to check it . In February 2017 , it became a major political issue when the company of nephew of Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan was caught in illegal mining . The state government landed in an embarrassing situation because at the same time Chief Minister was touring Naramda to assess the condition of the riverbed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1eba0cc0f2b5bbdc2416cac58c4080", "text": "Kashmir conflict The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan , having started just after the partition of India in 1947 . China has at times played a minor role . India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir , including the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947 and 1965 , as well as the Kargil War of 1999 . The two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier . India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir , and , , administers approximately 43 % of the region . It controls Jammu , the Kashmir Valley , Ladakh , and the Siachen Glacier . India 's claims are contested by Pakistan , which administers approximately 37 % of Jammu and Kashmir , namely Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan . China currently administers Demchok district , the Shaksgam Valley , and the Aksai Chin region . China 's claim over these territories has been disputed by India since China took Aksai Chin during the Sino-Indian War of 1962 . The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley . The root of conflict between the Kashmiri insurgents and the Indian government is tied to a dispute over local autonomy and based on the demand for self-determination . Democratic development was limited in Kashmir until the late 1970s , and by 1988 , many of the democratic reforms introduced by the Indian Government had been reversed . Non-violent channels for expressing discontent were thereafter limited and caused a dramatic increase in support for insurgents advocating violent secession from India . In 1987 , a disputed state election created a catalyst for the insurgency when it resulted in some of the state 's legislative assembly members forming armed insurgent groups . In July 1988 a series of demonstrations , strikes and attacks on the Indian Government began the Kashmir Insurgency . Although thousands of people have died as a result of the turmoil in Jammu and Kashmir , the conflict has become less deadly in recent years . Protest movements created to voice Kashmir 's disputes and grievances with the Indian government , specifically the Indian Military , have been active in Jammu and Kashmir since 1989 . Elections held in 2008 were generally regarded as fair by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and had a high voter turnout in spite of calls by separatist militants for a boycott . The election resulted in the creation of the pro-India Jammu and Kashmir National Conference , which then formed a government in the state . According to Voice of America , many analysts have interpreted the high voter turnout in this election as a sign that the people of Kashmir endorsed Indian rule in the state . But in 2010 unrest erupted after alleged fake encounter of local youth with security force . Thousands of youths pelted security forces with rocks , burned government offices and attacked railway stations and official vehicles in steadily intensifying violence . The Indian government blamed separatists and Lashkar-e-Taiba , a Pakistan-based militant group for stoking the 2010 protests . Elections held in 2014 saw highest voters turnout in 26 years of history in Jammu and Kashmir . However , analysts explain that the high voter turnout in Kashmir is not an endorsement of Indian rule by the Kashmiri population , rather most people vote for daily issues such as food and electricity . An opinion poll conducted by the Chatham House international affairs think tank found that in the Kashmir valley -- the mainly Muslim area in Indian Kashmir at the centre of the insurgency -- support for independence varies between 74 % to 95 % in its various districts . Support for remaining with India was , however , extremely high in predominantly Hindu Jammu and Buddhist Ladakh . Indian forces have committed many human rights abuses and acts of terror against Kashmiri civilian population including extrajudicial killing , rape , torture and enforced disappearances . Crimes by militants have also happened but are not comparable in scale with the crimes of Indian forces . According to Amnesty International , as of June 2015 , no member of the Indian military deployed in Jammu and Kashmir has been tried for human rights violations in a civilian court , although there have been military court martials held . Amnesty International welcomed this move but cautioned that justice should be consistently delivered and prosecutions of security forces personnel be held in civilian courts . Amnesty International has also accused the Indian government of refusing to prosecute perpetrators of abuses in the region . Kashmir 's accession to India was provisional , and conditional on a plebiscite , and for this reason had a different constitutional status to other Indian states . In October 2015 Jammu and Kashmir High Court said that article 370 is `` permanent '' and Jammu and Kashmir did not merge with India the way other princely states merged but retained special status and limited sovereignty under Indian constitution . In 2016 ( 8 July 2016 -- present ) unrest erupted after killing of a Hizbul Mujahideen militant Burhan Wani by Indian security forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "399c0511c001acd9e083df5aa9abc4c8", "text": "Social movement in India From the early 1970s new forms of social mobilisation began in India . They gained a variety of names such as social movement , people 's movement , popular movements etc. . These movements emerged and highlighted some of the major issues such as gender and environment . One of the leading analyst and participant in social movements in India , Sanjay Sangvi , identified the major agendas of them as `` Movements of landless , unorganised labour in rural and urban areas , adivasis , dalits , displaced people , peasants , urban poor , small entrepreneurs and unemployed youth took up the issues of livelihood , opportunities , dignity and development . '' Most well known movements in the country are Chipko movement , Save Silent Valley , Narmada Bachao Andolan , Koel Karo , Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha , Jhola Aandolan chutmarika ( fighting polythene ) , Appiko movement , Save Kudremukh , Lok Satta Movement , Swadhyay Movement , Swatantra Sharad Joshi , Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha These movements largely distanced themselves from political parties , or tried to cut across the ideologies of the political parties . Yet many of them rooted themselves or drew from ideologies of the Mahatma Gandhi , various shades environmentalisms or gender politics , or socialism . The most recent of social movements is ` Campaign against corruption ' , April 2011 , led by a group of social activists - Anna Hazare , Arvind Kejriwal , Kiran Bedi , a Gandhian sits on , Sri Ram Burgula the heart of New Delhi , capital of India , for fast unto death , demanding enactment of the long pending Jan Lokpal Bill . This movement got support of general masses and media . This created a buzz when political leaders were denied sharing of dias with the social activists . This movement is a landmark in the constitutional history of independent India , which has forced government to include 5 non-official members in the Sri Ram Burgula Bill Drafting committee . Usually , only ministers are members of any legislation drafting committees . While enactment of the law and action by Sri Ram Burgula and Sri Ram Burgula ( ombudsmen ) will take some more time to be on actual ground , this movement has certainly made corruption a major social issue in India . Some of the popular leaders of such movements are Sunderlal Bahuguna , Medha Patkar , Baba Amte , Vandana Shiva , Vijaypal Baghel , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac126cf20049e188f5b14a4c18d69439", "text": "2009 Gujarat hepatitis outbreak The 2009 Gujarat hepatitis B outbreak was a cluster of hepatitis B cases that appeared in Modasa , northern Gujarat , India in 2009 . Over 125 people were infected and up to 49 people died . Several doctors were investigated and arrested after the outbreaks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "555ff67d8b6401067579dc66dce8bf9f", "text": "Government of India The Government of India ( GoI ) is the federal government created by the Constitution of India as the legislative , executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally sovereign , socialist , secular , democratic republic , constitutionally called the Republic of India . It is located in New Delhi , the capital of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89afb571c3956b255222092e5c997d92", "text": "Disqualification of convicted representatives in India On 10 July 2013 , the Supreme Court of India , in its judgement of the Lily Thomas v. Union of India case ( along with Lok Prahari v. Union of India ) , ruled that any Member of Parliament ( MP ) , Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) or Member of a Legislative Council ( MLC ) who is convicted of a crime and awarded a minimum of two year imprisonment , loses membership of the House with immediate effect . This is in contrast to the earlier position , wherein convicted members held on to their seats until they exhausted all judicial remedy in lower , state and supreme court of India . Further , Section 8 ( 4 ) of the Representation of the People Act , which allowed elected representatives three months to appeal their conviction , was declared unconstitutional by the bench of Justice A. K. Patnaik and Justice S. J. Mukhopadhaya . In an attempt to overturn this decision , the Representation of the People ( Second Amendment and Validation ) Bill , 2013 , was introduced into the Rajya Sabha on 30 August by Law Minister Kapil Sibal ; by the proposed amendment , representatives would not be disqualified immediately after conviction . The Indian government also filed a review petition , which the Supreme Court dismissed . On 24 September , a few days before the fodder scam verdict , the government tried to bring the bill into effect as an ordinance . However , Rahul Gandhi , Vice-President of the Indian National Congress , made his opinion of the ordinance clear in a press meeting : `` It 's complete nonsense . It should be torn up and thrown away . '' Members of opposition parties claimed that Gandhi 's comments indicated total confusion within the government , and called for the resignation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . Within 5 days , both the ordinance and the bill were withdrawn on 2 October . On 1 October 2013 , Rasheed Masood became the first MP to lose his membership of parliament under the new guidelines , when he was sentenced to four years imprisonment for cheating , forgery and corruption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28f22aff02e1ea3f8e91a87b7358576c", "text": "Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi The Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi is the deputy chief executive of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in north India . According to the Constitution of India , the lieutenant governor is Delhi 's de jure head , but de facto executive authority rests with its chief minister . Following elections to the Delhi Legislative Assembly , the lieutenant governor usually invites the party with a majority of seats to form the government . The President of India , on the advice of the lieutenant governor , appoints the chief minister , whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1313f09f907d377ccc30a91d46aaeb8f", "text": "Prime Minister of India The Prime Minister of India ( Hindi : भारत के प्रधानमन्त्री , Bhārat kē Pradhānamantrī ) is the head of government and leader of the executive branch of the Government of India . The Prime Minister is also the chief adviser to the President of India and head of the Council of Ministers . They can be a member of any of the two houses of Parliament ( the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha ) , but has to be the leader of the political party , having a majority in the Lok Sabha . The Prime Minister is the senior member of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system . The Prime Minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet ; allocates posts to members within the Government ; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet . The federal or union cabinet headed by the Prime Minister is appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive . Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75 ( 3 ) . The Prime Minister shall always enjoy the confidence of Lok Sabha and shall resign if they are unable to prove majority when instructed by the President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763732c7463234a9c296bba314ecf8e4", "text": "Great Depression in India The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India , which was then under the rule of the British Raj . The Government of British India adopted a protective trade policy which , though beneficial to the United Kingdom , caused great damage to the Indian economy . During the period 1929 -- 1937 , exports and imports fell drastically crippling seaborne international trade . The railways and the agricultural sector were the most affected . The international financial crisis combined with detrimental policies adopted by the Government of India resulted in soaring prices of commodities . High prices along with the stringent taxes prevalent in British India had a dreadful impact on most Indians . The discontent of farmers manifested itself in rebellions and riots . The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 was one of the measures undertaken as a response to heavy taxation during the Great Depression . The Great Depression and the economic policies of the Government of British India worsened already deteriorating Indo-British relations . When the first general elections were held according to the Government of India Act 1935 , anti-British feelings resulted in the pro-independence Indian National Congress winning in most provinces with a very high percentage of the vote share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7132359226210b3d3ca9743bee2d902", "text": "SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal The SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal is financial scandal related to a hydroelectric infrastructure contract between the Indian government and Canadian company SNC-Lavalin in 1995 which resulted in an alleged net loss to the Indian exchequer of 3745.0 million rupees ( Approx US $ 62 million as of August 2014 ) . The contract outlined the renovation and modernization of the hydroelectric power stations at Pallivasal , Sengulam , and Panniar that were originally installed between 1940 and 1964 in the Idukki district of Kerala , India . Several politicians were involved and eventually charged in the case , including former ministers of Indian National Congress G. Karthikeyan and Pinarayi Vijayan , the first ever corruption-related prosecution of a Politburo member by the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) . However , on 5 November 2013 , Pinarayi Vijayan and 6 other accused were cleared of charges by a Central Bureau of Investigation ( CBI ) Special Court because `` the CBI could not prove any of its charges . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cfae8afd87d14d8e747780fcbc33c8bc", "text": "Trigger Mortis Trigger Mortis is a 2015 James Bond novel written by Anthony Horowitz , and the latest Bond novel to be commissioned by the estate of Bond 's creator Ian Fleming , which was published on 8 September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc483754e12df97b883ec7126c8581e6", "text": "Ian Fleming Ian Lancaster Fleming ( 28 May 1908 -- 12 August 1964 ) was an English author , journalist and naval intelligence officer who is best known for his James Bond series of spy novels . Fleming came from a wealthy family connected to the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co. , and his father was the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 until his death on the Western Front in 1917 . Educated at Eton , Sandhurst and , briefly , the universities of Munich and Geneva , Fleming moved through several jobs before he started writing . While working for Britain 's Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War , Fleming was involved in planning Operation Goldeneye and in the planning and oversight of two intelligence units , 30 Assault Unit and T-Force . His wartime service and his career as a journalist provided much of the background , detail and depth of the James Bond novels . Fleming wrote his first Bond novel , Casino Royale , in 1952 . It was a success , with three print runs being commissioned to cope with the demand . Eleven Bond novels and two collections of short-stories followed between 1953 and 1966 . The novels revolved around James Bond , an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service , commonly known as MI6 . Bond was also known by his code number , 007 , and was a commander in the Royal Naval Reserve . The Bond stories rank among the best-selling series of fictional books of all time , having sold over 100 million copies worldwide . Fleming also wrote the children 's story Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang and two works of non-fiction . In 2008 , The Times ranked Fleming 14th on its list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' . Fleming was married to Ann Charteris , who was divorced from the second Viscount Rothermere owing to her affair with the author . Fleming and Charteris had a son , Caspar . Fleming was a heavy smoker and drinker for most of his life and succumbed to heart disease in 1964 at the age of 56 . Two of his James Bond books were published posthumously ; other writers have since produced Bond novels . Fleming 's creation has appeared in film twenty-six times , portrayed by seven actors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5a7c8c432cc13bafc037bf00b772b3ef", "text": "Shoot to Kill (Cole novel) Shoot to Kill is a novel written by Steve Cole , the first continuation entry in the Young Bond series . Cole took over from Charlie Higson who left the series in 2009 after his final instalment A Hard Man to Kill . Shoot to Kill features Ian Fleming 's spy , James Bond in his teenage years , finding himself troubled in the outskirts of Los Angeles , having recently been expelled from Eton . It was followed Heads You Die in May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5193f7d8218e89c4c84ce83ca3182e8b", "text": "The Link (UK organization) The Link was established in July 1937 as an ` independent non-party organisation to promote Anglo-German friendship ' . It generally operated as a cultural organisation , although its journal , the Anglo-German Review , reflected the pro-Nazi views of Admiral Sir Barry Domvile , and particularly in London it attracted a number of anti-semites and pro-Nazis . At its height the membership numbered around 4,300 . The Link was opposed to war between Britain and Germany , and because of this attracted the support of some British pacifists . When The Link and the Anglo-German Review were included among a number of peace organisations across the political spectrum in the Peace Service Handbook ( a publication put out by the Peace Pledge Union ) the Daily Telegraph and The News Chronicle published articles accusing the PPU of supporting Nazism . In response , PPU member Stuart Morris wrote to the papers stating there was no connection between the PPU and The Link , and that the former organisation did not support the German demand for colonies or peace at the expense of smaller nations . The PPU also sent a letter to its group leaders dissociating The Link from the PPU , and ceased publishing the Peace Service Handbook . The organisation was investigated by Maxwell Knight , head of counter-subversion in MI5 and future role model for James Bond 's boss M . The organisation closed shortly after the start of World War II in 1939 . Admiral Sir Barry Domvile was interned in 1940 as someone who might `` endanger the safety of the realm '' . According to Anthony Masters , the Link was allegedly resurrected in 1940 by Ian Fleming , then working in the Department of Naval Intelligence , in order to successfully lure Rudolf Hess ( deputy party leader and third in leadership of Germany , after Adolf Hitler and Hermann Göring ) to Britain in May 1941 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a056d1abbeead1b71fa0e30509c4a96", "text": "Bulldog Drummond (novel) Bull-dog Drummond ( later Bulldog Drummond ) was the first Bulldog Drummond novel . It was published in 1920 and written by H. C. McNeile under the pen name Sapper . The novel begins with ex-British Army Captain Hugh `` Bulldog '' Drummond , DSO , MC , a wealthy former World War I officer of the Loamshire Regiment , dashing and strong , but not handsome , placing an advertisement in The Times stating his desire for an adventure . He receives a reply from a young woman , concerned about some business acquaintances of her father . It turns out that her father is being blackmailed by archvillain Carl Peterson who is attempting to organise a coup d'état to enable a pro-communist takeover of Britain . Ironically , this is being done for financial gain as Peterson is being paid by wealthy foreigners who will profit from this . Drummond is captured several times , and manages to escape several times , before eventually defeating Peterson and his henchmen , with the aid of ex-army friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1e6510e4b3dd7ae027f5071dcfef94f", "text": "The Presidential Agent series The Presidential Agent series was written by military author , W. E. B. Griffin . The series consists so far of eight novels , By Order of the President , The Hostage , The Hunters , The Shooters , Black Ops , The Outlaws , Covert Warriors , and Hazardous Duty . Like the rest of his novels , Griffin uses military time , along with the address of the place , and the chapter titles are never started on a separate page . The series is the author 's latest . The main character , Carlos Guillermo Castillo , first appears as an Army major and is later promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel . Carlos is also known as Karl Wilhelm von und zu Gossinger . The reason for the double name stems from his parentage . His father , U.S. Army Warrant Officer Junior Grade Jorge Alejandro Castillo , had a one-night stand with his mother . His mother , Erika von und zu Gossinger , never saw Jorge again as he died shortly thereafter , flying `` his fifty-second rescue mission , picking up downed chopper crews , when he was hit and his Huey blew up . '' Jorge Castillo was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . This allows Carlos to be admitted to West Point , which begins his Army career . Erika raised Karl Wilhelm with the help of her father and brother , in das Haus im Wald ( the House in the Woods ) until they both died in an automobile accident on the Autobahn , leaving her to raise the boy alone . When Karl Wilhelm is the age of 12 his mother contracts fatal pancreatic cancer . She enlists the help of the then Major Naylor , who is stationed in Germany and was friends with her father , to find the boy 's father . Naylor does some research into the father and finds out that not only is he dead but he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . He flies to San Antonio and shows Karl 's paternal grandmother , Doña Alicia Castillo a photograph of Karl . Upon seeing the photo she says that the boy has `` Jorge 's eyes '' and immediately goes to Germany . Doña Alicia says that she and her husband , Don Juan Fernando Castillo , will take care of Karl when Erika herself dies of cancer . Karl is 12 and an orphan , but he goes from one rich , but loving , home to another and will gain a cousin , Fernando Lopez , who will become like a brother to him . Castillo , known to his friends as Charley , admits to being confused about who he is at times . There is good reason for this . Not only do his family members leave him a proud legacy of elite Texican/Germanic heritage , they also give him a grounding in English , Spanish , German , Russian , Hungarian and a couple of others . He is an Army aviator , holds credentials for the Secret Service and an Executive Assistant to the Secretary of Homeland Security . Because of his interesting background , Castillo comes to the attention of the President , who decides to use him as a single-source information funnel for intelligence matters , `` to serve as sort of a check on the investigations of the various agencies involved ... What I 'd like to know is what did they know and when did they know it ? '' The series has become one of Griffin 's most popular . Griffin 's son , William E. Butterworth , is listed on Griffin 's website as co-authoring `` The Outlaws '' , `` Covert Warriors '' , and `` Hazardous Duty '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a505187c92271bb6d0fc04902b33785d", "text": "Len Deighton Leonard Cyril Deighton ( -LSB- ˈdiːtən -RSB- born 18 February 1929 ) , known as Len Deighton , is a British author . Deighton is considered one of the top three spy novelists of his time ( along with Ian Fleming and John le Carré ) . In addition he is a highly acclaimed military historian , cookery writer , and graphic artist . The IPCRESS File ( 1962 ) , his first novel , was an instant bestseller and broke the mould of thriller writing . The Sunday Times dubbed him `` the poet of the spy story '' . Deighton 's first protagonist -- a nameless spy christened Harry Palmer in the films -- was made famous worldwide in the iconic 1960s films starring Michael Caine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "151fc0fe9259f784f21f1ed7c6fbbcde", "text": "Jennings (novel series) The Jennings series is a collection of novels written by Anthony Buckeridge ( 1912 -- 2004 ) , as children 's literature , and concern the humorous escapades of J.C.T. Jennings , a schoolboy at Linbury Court preparatory school in England . There are 23 novels in the series , excluding reprints and other material . The first of the series , Jennings Goes to School , appeared in 1950 , and new titles were published regularly until the mid-1970s ( the last was Jennings at Large , published in 1977 , the only novel to feature Jennings during the school holidays ) , with two more volumes following in the 1990s ( Jennings Again in 1991 , and That 's Jennings in 1994 ) . The earliest ten novels in the series were reprinted in the UK in paperback , by Armada Books , in the late 1960s ; and many of the novels were translated from the original English into foreign languages . Quite often , the character 's name was not even retained : when published in France , Jennings ' name was changed to `` Bennett '' ; in Norway he was known as `` Stompa '' ; and in Brazil , when published during the 1970s , the character 's name became `` Johnny '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02b2abd77170197b7ae137ff009afee6", "text": "The Man with the Golden Gun The Man with the Golden Gun may refer to : The Man with the Golden Gun ( novel ) , a 1965 Ian Fleming novel The Man with the Golden Gun ( film ) , a 1974 film , starring Roger Moore as James Bond The Man with the Golden Gun ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack of the 1974 film `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' ( song ) , the title song of the 1974 film , sung by Lulu `` Man With the Golden Gun '' , an Alice Cooper song that did not make the film 's soundtrack and was instead released on 1973 's Muscle of Love album Francisco Scaramanga , the titular villain of both the novel and the film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f633df7110a51878a96762077d6424", "text": "The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough , published in 1999 , is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming 's secret agent , James Bond based on the 1999 film of the same name . It was only the second James Bond novel copyrighted by Ian Fleming Publications ( formerly Glidrose Publications ) . It was published in the United Kingdom by Hodder & Stoughton and in the United States by Putnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1802c67d9c38d6d5fcb8515e9a43b94", "text": "Green Street, Mayfair Green Street is a street in Mayfair , London , England . It runs west to east from Park Lane to North Audley Street . The James Bond author Ian Fleming was born at no 27 on 28 May 1908 . Thomas Sopwith lived at no 46 from 1934 to 1940 , which has a blue plaque in his memory . When the Beatles first arrived in London in 1963 , they stayed at the Hotel President in Bloomsbury before taking a lease on an apartment at no. 57 , and this was the only London address where all four ever lived together . The fashion designer Alexander McQueen hanged himself in a wardrobe at his flat in 7 Green Street in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e76e91231a6cca0dfe83c5833043eda8", "text": "Bridget Jones Bridget Jones is a franchise based on a fictional character of the same name . British writer Helen Fielding started her Bridget Jones 's Diary column in The Independent in 1995 , while chronicling the life of Jones as a thirtysomething single woman in London as she tries to make sense of life and love with the help of a surrogate `` urban family '' of friends in the 1990s . The column lampooned the obsession of women with women 's magazines such as Cosmopolitan and wider social trends in Britain at the time . Fielding published the novelisation of the column in 1996 , followed by a sequel in 1999 called Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason . Both novels were adapted for the big screen in 2001 and 2004 , starring Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones , and Hugh Grant and Colin Firth as the men in her life : Daniel Cleaver and Mark Darcy , respectively . After Fielding had ceased to work for The Daily Telegraph in late 1998 , the feature began again in The Independent on 4 August 2005 and finished in June 2006 . Helen Fielding released a third novel in 2013 , Bridget Jones : Mad About the Boy , which is set 14 years after the events of the second novel . The fictional character `` Bridget Jones '' was named on the 2016 Woman 's Hour Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women 's lives over the past 70 years , alongside Margaret Thatcher , Barbara Castle , Helen Brook , Germaine Greer , Jayaben Desai and Beyoncé .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13a994e6f9a5d5163460e07d1d0f854b", "text": "007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning . The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia . The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36d526bca34bbcec6930474ed37a2540", "text": "Inspector Rebus The Inspector Rebus books are a series of detective novels by the Scottish author Ian Rankin . The novels , centred on Detective Inspector John Rebus , are mostly based in and around Edinburgh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b9a37e37f8a894bd83b57e09494e3321", "text": "Chess Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard , a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8 × 8 grid . The game is played by millions of people worldwide . Each player begins with 16 pieces : one king , one queen , two rooks , two knights , two bishops , and eight pawns . Each of the six piece types moves differently , with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful the pawn . The objective is to checkmate the opponent 's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture . To this end , a player 's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent 's pieces , while supporting each other . In addition to checkmate , the game can be won by of the opponent , which typically occurs when too much material is lost , or checkmate appears unavoidable . A game can also in several ways end in a draw . Chess is believed to have originated in India sometime before the 7th century , being derived from the Indian game chaturanga , which is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi , janggi , and shogi . ( A minority view holds that chess originated in China . ) The pieces assumed their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century ; the rules were finally standardized in the 19th century . The first generally recognized World Chess Champion , Wilhelm Steinitz , claimed his title in 1886 . Since 1948 , the World Championship has been regulated by FIDE , the game 's international governing body . FIDE also organizes the Women 's World Championship , the World Junior Championship , the World Senior Championship , the Blitz and Rapid World Championships , and the Chess Olympiad , a popular competition among international teams . There is also a Correspondence Chess World Championship and a World Computer Chess Championship . Online chess has opened amateur and professional competition to a wide and varied group of players . FIDE awards titles to skilled players , the highest of which is grandmaster . Many national chess organizations also have a title system ; however , these are not recognized by FIDE . Until recently , chess was a recognized sport of the International Olympic Committee ; some national sporting bodies such as the Spanish Consejo Superior de Deportes also recognize chess as a sport . Chess was included in the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games . Since the second half of the 20th century , computers have been programmed to play chess with increasing success , to the point where the strongest home computers play at a higher level than the best human players . Since the 1990s , computer analysis has contributed significantly to chess theory , particularly in the endgame . The IBM computer Deep Blue was the first machine to overcome a reigning World Chess Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997 . The rise of strong computer programs ( called `` engines '' ) runnable on hand-held devices has led to increasing concerns about cheating during tournaments . There are also many chess variants which utilize different rules , pieces , or boards . One of these , Chess960 ( originally `` Fischerandom '' ) , has gained widespread popularity as well as limited FIDE recognition .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "85a77906bfdf3e8b6a17ce7e71d6a0e6", "text": "Stalemate Stalemate is a situation in the game of chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move . The rules of chess provide that when stalemate occurs , the game ends as a draw ( i.e. having no winner ) . During the endgame , stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose . In more complex positions , stalemate is much rarer , usually taking the form of a swindle that succeeds only if the superior side is inattentive . Stalemate is also a common theme in endgame studies and other chess problems . The outcome of a stalemate was standardized as a draw in the 19th century . Before this standardization , its treatment varied widely , including being deemed a win for the stalemating player , a half-win for that player , or a loss for that player ; not being permitted ; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn . Some regional chess variants have not allowed a player to play a stalemating move . In losing chess , another chess variant , is typically treated as a win for the stalemated player . In popular usage , the word stalemate refers to a conflict that has reached an impasse , and in which resolution or further action seems highly difficult or unlikely .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7e6828adbcf577eafd994f2b6952a96", "text": "Emirati Chess Championship The Emirati Chess Championship is organized by the United Arab Emirates Chess Federation . It is one of the major national chess competitions of the United Arab Emirates held at standard time controls , the other being the UAE President 's Cup , which has been held annually since 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cc22b7b45744aa5c0e320e70c609f3", "text": "Grand Chess Grand Chess is a large-board chess variant invented by Dutch games designer Christian Freeling in 1984 . It is played on a 10 × 10 board , with each side having two additional pawns and two new pieces : the marshal and the cardinal . The marshal ( M ) combines powers of a rook and a knight . The cardinal ( C ) combines powers of a bishop and a knight . A superficial similarity exists between Grand Chess and an early version of the historic chess variant Capablanca Chess because the same pieces and game board are used . But differences in start position , rules governing pawn moves and promotion , and castling make them significantly different games . A series of Grand Chess Cyber World Championship matches was sponsored by the Dutch game site Mindsports . Past title holders included R. Wayne Schmittberger ( 1998 , 1999 ) and John Vehre ( 2001 ) . Grand Chess tournaments were held annually beginning in 1998 by the ( now defunct ) correspondence game club NOST .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b3ecb231a2139a3a71388c7ca370741", "text": "Polish Chess Federation The Polish Chess Federation ( PZSzach ) was created on 11 April 1926 in Warsaw . Józef Żabiński was the first chairman . The initial statute outlined the fundamental objectives of the association including amongst others the popularisation of the game of chess and general organization of the chess movement in Poland , representation outside the country , coordination of the activities of clubs and regional associations as well as organization of individual and team tournaments and championships ( in different age categories ) . The Polish Chess Federation was invited to join the International Chess Federation ( FIDE ) in 1927 . After 2nd World War , The Polish Chess Federation was re-established on 30 April 1946 and with the exception of the period between 1950 and 1957 has been continually active till today . The General Delegate Assembly is the highest decision making body , however , the daily activities are managed by a Board consisting of 10 to 15 members elected for four-tear terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "213f8b062bf468602a6c6c1b573d549b", "text": "Malaysian Chess Federation The Malaysian Chess Federation ( MCF ) is the principal authority over all chess events in Malaysia and organizes the Malaysian Chess Championship . The MCF promotes and coordinates all major chess events in the 13 Malaysian states and is an active sports body in Malaysia . The Federation is affiliated to the world governing body , FIDE , and is part of the ASEAN Chess Confederation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f18607f15eb332dfde97b66a4867e444", "text": "Chess (Northwestern University) Chess was a pioneering chess program from the 1970s , written by Larry Atkin and David Slate at Northwestern University . Chess ran on Control Data Corporation 's line of supercomputers . Work on the program began in 1968 . It dominated the first computer chess tournaments , such as the World Computer Chess Championship and ACM 's North American Computer Chess Championship . Chess was the first published use of the bitboard data structure applied to the game of chess . In 1976 , Chess 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson American Chess Championship , the first time a computer was successful in a human tournament . The performance rating was 1950 . In February 1977 Chess 4.6 , the only computer entry , surprised observers by winning the 84th Minnesota Open against competitors just under Master level . It achieved a USCF rating close to or at Expert , higher than previous programs ' Class C or D , by winning five games and losing none . Stenberg ( rated 1969 ) became the second Class A player to lose to a computer in a tournament game , the first being Jola . Because of its Minnesota victory , grandmaster Walter Browne invited Chess 4.6 on a CDC Cyber 176 to his simultaneous chess exhibition ; to Browne and others ' surprise , Chess 4.6 defeated the United States chess champion . Also in 1977 , Chess 4.6 won the second World Computer Chess Championship in Toronto , ahead of 15 other programs including KAISSA ; Chess 4 had finished in second place to KAISSA at the first tournament in 1974 . The favorite to win the tournament , like all but one other entry Chess 4.6 ran on a computer located away from the tournament ; despite losing 90 minutes to hardware failure at the start of its first match the program rapidly defeated its opponent in 27 moves , earlier than any other first-round match . Chess 4.6 was capable of defeating 99.5 % of United States Chess Federation-rated players under tournament conditions , and was stronger in blitz chess . In 1978 and 1979 Atkin and Peter W. Frey published in BYTE a series on computer chess programming , including the Pascal source for Chess 0.5 , a chess engine suitable for microcomputers . That year the improved Chess 4.7 -- which had by now achieved a 2030 rating after 31 tournament games -- played against David Levy who , in 1968 had wagered that he would not be beaten by a computer within ten years . Whereas Chess 4.7 had beaten Levy under blitz conditions , the bet involved forty moves over a two-hour period , the computer 's choices being relayed by telephone from Minnesota to the board . Levy won the bet , defeating the Chess 4.7 in a six-game match by a score of 4.5-1 .5 , The computer scored a draw in game two after getting a completely winning position but being outplayed by Levy in the endgame , and a win in game four -- the first computer victory against a human master -- when Levy essayed the very sharp , dubious Latvian Gambit . Levy wrote , `` I had proved that my 1968 assessment had been correct , but on the other hand my opponent in this match was very , very much stronger than I had thought possible when I started the bet . '' He observed that , `` Now nothing would surprise me ( very much ) . '' International Master Edward Lasker stated in 1978 , `` My contention that computers can not play like a master , I retract . They play absolutely alarmingly . I know , because I have lost games to 4.7 . '' Atkin , Slate , and Frey later wrote microcomputer chess , checkers , and Reversi programs for Odesta . Advertisements cited their Northwestern affiliation and authorship of Chess 4.7 , `` World Computer Chess Champion , 1977-1980 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "231870cb56997f979644c4a447743e5a", "text": "The Chess Variant Pages The Chess Variant Pages is a popular non-commercial Internet website devoted to chess variants . It was created by Hans Bodlaender in 1995 . The site is `` run by hobbyists for hobbyists '' and is `` the most wide-ranging and authoritative web site on chess variants '' . The site contains a large compilation of games with published rules . The aims of the site are to educate readers about chess variants , encourage gameplay , and provide a place for free discussion . The site has featured game competitions as well as variant design competitions , and provides facilities for publishing documents . Numerous files are available for playing variants using the Zillions of Games proprietary software engine . The site also features The Game Courier software developed by Fergus Duniho which can be used to play almost any variant . There is also an extensive encyclopedia of fairy chess pieces . Other contributing editorial volunteers include ( alphabetically by last name ) : Peter Aronson , Jean-Louis Cazaux , Antoine Fourrière , Ed Friedlander , Ben Good , David Howe , Joe Joyce , Glenn Overby II , Tony Quintanilla , and Peter Spicer . Early editors included John William Brown , Tom Cook , Pavel Tikhomirov , and Vu Q. Vo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c2cae1760342840c2428f62200b18a4", "text": "Chess piece relative value In chess , the chess piece relative value system conventionally assigns a point value to each piece when assessing its relative strength in potential exchanges . These values help determine how valuable a piece is strategically . They play no formal role in the game but are useful to players and are also used in computer chess to help the computer evaluate positions . Calculations of the value of pieces provide only a rough idea of the state of play . The exact piece values will depend on the game situation , and can differ considerably from those given here . In some positions , a well-placed piece might be much more valuable than indicated by heuristics , while a badly placed piece may be completely trapped and , thus , almost worthless . Valuations almost always assign the value 1 point to pawns ( typically as the average value of a pawn in the starting position ) . Computer programs often represent the values of pieces and positions in terms of ` centipawns ' ( cp ) , where 100 cp = 1 pawn , which allows strategic features of the position , worth less than a single pawn , to be evaluated without requiring fractions . Edward Lasker said `` It is difficult to compare the relative value of different pieces , as so much depends on the peculiarities of the position ... '' . Nevertheless , he said that bishops and knights ( minor pieces ) were equal , rooks are worth a minor piece plus one or two pawns , and a queen is worth three minor pieces or two rooks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83048260240383fd4fb752ea1e75c0ee", "text": "Pan American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship The Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship is the foremost intercollegiate team chess championship in the Americas . Hosted in part by the United States Chess Federation , the Pan-Am Intercollegiate is open to any team comprising four players and up to two alternates from the same post-secondary school ( university , college , community college ) in North America , Central America , South America , or the Caribbean . The Pan-Am began as such in 1946 ( there had been earlier versions open to U.S. schools only ) , and is held annually , usually December 27 -- 30 . It has usually been held in the United States , but was hosted in Canada four times ( 1969 , 1971 , 1984 , 1999 ) . The current format is a six-round fixed-roster team Swiss-system tournament scored by team ( not individual ) points . Sometimes the Pan-Am Intercollegiate is held as part of a larger event called the Pan-American Chess Championships comprising the Pan-Am Intercollegiate , Pan-Am Scholastic Team Championship , and Pan-Am Open ( for any individual ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b711018583afdc08017bb88a7239f4f", "text": "Notational analysis In professional sports , notational analysis is the study of movement patterns , strategy and tactics in team sports . Successful patterns of play can be identified and used in subsequent matches . Notational analysis has a history in dance and music notation . Notational analysis is a way that critical events in a performance can be quantified in a consistent and reliable manner . In notational analysis , no change in performance of any kind will take place without feedback . The role of feedback is central in the performance improvement process , and by inference , so is the need for accuracy and precision of such feedback . The provision of this accurate and precise feedback can only be facilitated if performance and practice is subjected to a vigorous process of analysis . Augmented feedback has traditionally been provided by subjective observations , made during performance by the coaches , in the belief that they can accurately report on the critical elements of performance without any observation aids . Several studies not only contradict this belief , but also suggest that the recall abilities of experienced coaches are little better than those of novices , and that even with observational training , coaches ' recall abilities improved only slightly . Furthermore , research in applied psychology has suggested that these recall abilities are also influenced by factors that include the observer 's motives and beliefs . The coach is not a passive perceiver of information , and as such his or her perception of events is selective and constructive , not simply a copying process . This importance of feedback to performance improvement , and the limitations of coaches ' recall abilities alluded to above , implies a requirement for objective data upon which to base augmented feedback , and the main methods of `` objectifying '' this data involve the use of video / notational analysis ( Hughes and Franks , 1997 p. 11 ) . Coaches have been aware , consciously or unconsciously , of these needs for accuracy of feedback and have been using simple data gathering systems for decades . More recently , sports scientists have been using notational analysis systems to answer fundamental questions about game play and performance in sport . An early work , over some decades , on analysis of soccer was picked up by the then Director of Coaching at the Football Association , and this had a profound effect on the patterns of play in British football -- the adoption of the ` long ball ' game . Generally , the first publications in Britain of the research process by notational analysis of sport were in the mid-1970s , so as a discipline it is one of the more recent to be embraced by sports science . The publication of a number of notation systems in racket sports provided a fund of ideas used by other analysts . Because of the growth and development of sports science as an academic discipline , a number of scientists began using and extending the simple hand notation techniques that had served for decades . This also coincided with the introduction of personal computers , which transformed all aspects of data gathering in sports science . Currently hand and computerised notation systems are both used to equal extents by working analysts , although the use of computer databases to collate hand notated data post-event makes the analyses much more powerful . The applications of notation have been defined as : - 1 . tactical evaluation , 2 . technical evaluation , 3 . analysis of movement , 4 . development of a database and modelling , and 5 . for educational use with both coaches and players . Most pieces of research using notation , or indeed any practical applications working directly with coaches and athletes , will span more than one of these purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a5130d1f29e604ca1156fa49c902b20", "text": "British Horseracing Board From 10 June 1993 until 30 July 2007 , the British Horseracing Board ( BHB ) was the governing authority for horseracing in Great Britain . It was created in 1993 , and took on responsibilities previously held by the Jockey Club . This was intended to help modernise the sport , as the Jockey Club is a private members ' club with a traditionally aristocratic membership , and was seen by some as being unaccountable and a relic of the tradition of amateurism in British sports administration . The Jockey Club however retained responsibility for matters concerned with the regulation of the sport , such as integrity , discipline and equine health . The British Horseracing Board focused on organising and promoting the sport and enhancing its commercial position . This was an extract from its statement of aims published in 2006 : The BHB was merged with the Horseracing Regulatory Authority ( HRA ) , the regulatory division of the Jockey Club , in 2007 , creating a new organisation called the British Horseracing Authority which from 31 July 2007 governs and regulates the sport . As a result , the Jockey Club has formally ended its link with the regulation of the sport . The British Horseracing Board ceased to exist on 31 July 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fc940d8fa1fe812d0fd0155c93b8294", "text": "23rd Chess Olympiad The 23rd Chess Olympiad , organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women 's tournament , as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess , took place between October 25 and November 12 , 1978 , in Buenos Aires , Argentina . After the boycott two years earlier , the Eastern Bloc countries were back , including the Soviet team who , as usual , were huge favourites -- but in the end they had to settle for the silver medal . Hungary , led by Lajos Portisch , caused quite an upset by taking the gold medals by a full point . The United States took the bronze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f61785e2697c79e7f355cf0e6a1bc4", "text": "Latvian Olympic Committee The Latvian Olympic Committee ( or LOK ) is a non-profit organization that is the National Olympic Committee for Latvia . It was created in 1922 and recognised by the International Olympic Committee in 1923 . Its headquarters are in Riga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226964a34eab5b245acc6ff3cc40ad2d", "text": "Women's World Chess Championship The Women 's World Chess Championship ( WWCC ) is played to determine the women 's world champion in chess . Like the World Chess Championship , it is administered by FIDE . Unlike with most sports recognized by the International Olympic Committee , where competition is either `` mixed '' ( containing everyone ) or split into men and women , in chess women are both allowed to compete in the `` open '' division ( including the World Chess Championship ) yet also have a separate Women 's Championship ( only open to females ) . Notably however , the top-rated female player for over 20 years ( with the highest FIDE rating in history of any woman ) , Judit Polgár , has never competed for the women 's title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10c39b8014ebe744115d9af668a376b9", "text": "Ostend 1907 chess tournament The tournament was divided into two sections : the Championship Tournament and the Masters ' Tournament . The first section was for players who had previously won an international tournament . The Championship Tournament took place in the Casino of Ostend from 16 May to 14 June 1907 . Dawid Janowski , Siegbert Tarrasch , Carl Schlechter , and Frank Marshall had accepted the invitation for the tournament . Emanuel Lasker and Géza Maróczy declined and were replaced by Amos Burn and Mikhail Chigorin . The time restriction was 30 moves in two hours and 15 moves in one hour . Tarrasch won the golden medal and 2603 1/2 francs . Schlechter became second and gained 2277 1/2 francs . In the Ostend tournament of 1907 the term `` grandmaster '' ( actually Großmeister in German ) was used , so these players were described as grandmasters for the purposes of the tournament . After winning the tournament , Tarrasch was crowned the `` World Champion Tournament Player '' by the tournament organizers . Lasker finally agreed to a title match in 1908 , and beat Tarrasch convincingly ( +8 -- 3 = 5 ) . The Masters ' Tournament was a twenty nine-player round-robin . It was played from 16 May to 25 June . Ossip Bernstein and Akiba Rubinstein ended equal as winners at Ostend B.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83f1ce8263a5778e657029ef114ae611", "text": "International Chess Magazine International Chess Magazine ( ICM ) was a chess magazine established in 1885 by World Chess Champion Wilhelm Steinitz . The magazine was published until 1891 . The magazine was based in United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ba5c3a4b56f0e484ca049950a4b5f06", "text": "Lithuanian Chess Championship The first unofficial Lithuanian Chess Championship was held in Kaunas ( Temporary capital of Lithuania ) in 1921 . The Champion 's title was granted after victorious or drawn match between previous champion and challenger , mostly a winner of Championship of Kaunas ( later - the Championship of Lithuania ) in the period from 1922 to World War II . The first official Lithuanian championship was held in 1929 . The next year , Lithuania joined FIDE , the World Chess Federation . When Lithuania was part of the Soviet Union ( June 1940 -- June 1941 and July 1944 -- March 1990 ) , players from other Soviet Republics were sometimes invited to play in the championship . In 1951 , Ratmir Kholmov won the championship ahead of the guests Andor Lilienthal , Tigran Petrosian , and Vladimir Simagin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1165a81e878c910717e28f705e4d3a7d", "text": "Chess in Azerbaijan Chess is one of the most popular sports in Azerbaijan , where it is governed by the Azerbaijan Chess Federation ( ACF ) . On May 5 , 2009 Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev , who is also the chairman of the National Olympic Committee , signed an executive order initiating a state-supported chess development program , covering the years 2009 -- 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37cdfd9044fdb21702a50270845f81e5", "text": "Silesian Chess Congress The first Silesian Chess Congress was held in 1922 . When the German Chess Federation ( Deutscher Schachbund ) started in 1877 , there were not many regional chess federations . On 19 September 1877 the Breslau Chess Association ( Breslauer Schachverein ) was founded by amongst others Theodor von Scheve . In 1895 Görlitz and 1899 Liegnitz were meetings of mainly Silesian clubs . At the end of 1908 the Breslau clubs Anderssen and Morphy decided to found the East German Chess Federation ( Ostdeutscher Schachverband ) . After the World War I Germany had to cede a part of the Ostprovinzen , mainly Posen ( Poznań ) . In 1922 the new Silesian Chess Federation ( Schlesischer Schachverband ) was founded and held a great number of congresses till 1939 . Members of this federation ( Oberschlesischer Schachverband , Groß-Breslauer Schachverband ) and of the German Chess Federation in Czechoslovakia ( Deutscher Schachverband in der Tschechoslowakei ) played in each other 's championships . When the Nazis came to power in 1933 , Heinz Josef Foerder , being a Jew , lost his job , and moved to Riga , Latvia . In 1934 he emigrated to British Mandate of Palestine where he had changed his name to Yosef Porath . In April 1935 , he tied for 3rd-5th in Tel Aviv ( the 2nd Maccabiah Games , Abram Blass won ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eae95b25ee32dbf8afbdf788bec357bd", "text": "Fujitsu iPAD The Fujitsu iPAD is a lightweight handheld device that was introduced by Fujitsu , in 2002 . It runs Microsoft 's CE.NET operating system . It supports 802.11 b wireless LAN to connect wirelessly with other company infrastructure . The device can support inventory management as well as credit card payments . In January 2010 , when Apple announced the Apple iPad , there was a naming controversy between the two devices . To settle the trademark infringement allegation , Apple purchased the trademark rights from Fujitsu . Some trademark analysts estimate that Apple paid Fujitsu over US$ 4 million in exchange for the March 17 , 2010 assignment of Fujitsu 's iPad trademark rights to Apple .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "814ecdb47bca44d9c85fc9120054ca5d", "text": "Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus . It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard . It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests . The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d73a4ecae85432177fd9aa17c0e909a", "text": "Apple A5X The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) designed by Apple Inc. , introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7 , 2012 . It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5 ; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5 . It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3ccc09dca78e9113af1a1d211d33c17", "text": "Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0 The Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0 is a 7-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics . It belongs to the third generation of the Samsung Galaxy Tab series , which also includes the 8-inch Galaxy Tab 3 8.0 and the 10.1-inch Galaxy Tab 3 10.1 . It was announced on 29 April 2013 and launched in the US on 7 July 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9632bf79ffd5b801c8228441ad5874ad", "text": "Google Calendar Google Calendar is a time-management and scheduling calendar service developed by Google . It became available as a limited beta release on April 13 , 2006 , and exited the beta stage in July 2009 . It is available on the web and as mobile apps for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems . Google Calendar allows users to create and edit events . Reminders can be enabled for events , with options available for type and time . Event locations can also be added , and other users can be invited to events . Users can enable or disable the visibility of special calendars , including Birthdays , where the app retrieves dates of births from Google contacts and displays birthday cards on a yearly basis , and Holidays , a country-specific calendar that displays dates of special occasions . Over time , Google has added functionality that makes use of machine learning , including `` Events from Gmail '' , where event information from a user 's Gmail messages are automatically added to Google Calendar ; `` Reminders '' , where users add to-do activities that can be automatically updated with new information ; `` Smart Suggestions '' , where the app recommends titles , contacts , and locations when creating events ; and `` Goals '' , where users enter information on a specified personal goal , and the app automatically schedules the activity at optimal times . Google Calendar 's mobile apps have received polarized reviews . 2015 reviews of the Android and iOS apps both praised and criticized the design . While some critics praised the design for being `` cleaner '' , `` bold '' and making use of `` colorful graphics '' , other reviewers asserted that the graphics took up too much space . The Smart Suggestions feature was also liked and disliked , with varying levels of success in the app actually managing to suggest relevant information upon event creation . The integration between Google Calendar and Gmail was praised , however , with critics writing that `` all of the relevant details are there '' . The iOS app has been criticized for its lack of iPad support , and for the lack of a widget in the iOS Notification Center . An update in March 2017 added iPad support , and a blog post by Google announced that a Notification Center widget is coming in a future update .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "154f60e78cc6692fcff7b3b51d0e38e9", "text": "Acer Liquid Z630 The Acer Liquid Z630 is a touchscreen smartphone developed and marketed by Acer Inc. . It was announced in the September 2015 IFA exhibition in Berlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a961372e635903e9c2641d806fc2ae61", "text": "Game Boy Printer The Game Boy Printer , known in Japan as the , is a thermal printer accessory released by Nintendo in 1998 , which ceased being manufactured in early 2003 . The Game Boy Printer is compatible with all the Game Boy systems except the Game Boy Micro , and is designed to be used in conjunction with the Game Boy Camera . It also prints images from compatible late-generation Game Boy and Game Boy Color games ( listed below ) . It runs on six AA batteries and uses a special 3.8 cm wide thermal paper with adhesive backing , sold in white , red , yellow and blue colors . In Japan , a bright yellow Pokémon version of the Game Boy Printer was released , featuring a feed button in the style of a Poké Ball . Mad Catz sells a kit that enables users to connect a Game Boy to a PC and print images using the PC 's printer . Hobbyists outside the UK can also make their own cable for uploading images to their computer . A Game Boy Printer emulator is needed for the Game Boy to interface with the PC once linked via cable . The Game Boy Printer Paper has also been discontinued , and rolls of the genuine article that still produce a reliable image are becoming more difficult to find . Regular thermal paper , such as the kind used for POS terminals , can be cut to the proper width and used successfully with the Game Boy Printer . The system will print a test message reading `` Hello '' if it is turned on while the feed button is held . According to the manual , this is used to test if the printer is functioning properly . To get around using six AA batteries ( 1.5 volts each ) for the printer , a single 9V battery can be used if wired properly , because the printer requires 9V DC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1222d6170e5fc826d449ea82068713", "text": "Ultracity 6060 UltraCity 6060 was a six-part animated short series which was shown as part of MTV 's teen/adult-themed cartoon variety show Cartoon Sushi . Writers included Matt Harrigan , Mike DeSeve , Dave Hughes , Ben Gruber and Daria 's head writer Anne Bernstein . It consisted of anime scenes that were dubbed with humorously incorrect dialogue for comedic reasons . Most of the anime used in this cult classic was taken from the OAV series Genocyber which is released by U.S. Manga Corps . Another U.S. Manga Corps title was used for another UltraCity episode starred Iria in a parody of her own anime Iria : Zeiram the Animation . For the episode `` Planet Jackson '' , footage from ADV Films ' Mighty Space Miners was lampooned . The young boy in the film was made to be Michael Jackson and the rest of the cast as the Jackson family , Quincy Jones , Donny Osmond , Andrew Jackson and other people looking for handouts . The only non-anime cartoon used in UltraCity was from Cartoon Network 's `` Cartoons That Never Made It '' produced by AmPnyc in early-1997 under the supervision of Amperio Lux . One of them was Fast Driver , an obvious Speed Racer parody poking fun at everything . Other shorts featured two news reporters bemoaning the mainstream use of profanity in society ( the irony of course was that they swore very frequently ) , as well as a man named Hirogani , who was having problems trying to stop his severe flatulence around people ( taken from Genocyber ) . Another short was when they announced that their `` animation budget has been completely exhausted by excessive robot battles '' , which made them ban all lip-synching to save money ( a remake of a scene from the first Mobile Police Patlabor movie ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb24fe0821e04f175c13f84503ce3be0", "text": "Satellaview The is a satellite modem peripheral for Nintendo 's Super Famicom system that was released in Japan in 1995 . Available for pre-release orders beginning February 13 , 1995 , the Satellaview retailed for between ¥ 14,000 and 18,000 ( at the time between USD$ 141 and 182 ) and came bundled with the BS-X Game Pak and an 8M Memory Pak . The Satellaview system was developed and released by Nintendo to receive signals broadcast from satellite TV station WOWOW 's satellite radio subsidiary , St.GIGA . St.GIGA was responsible for file server management , maintenance , and vocalization for `` SoundLink '' games . Nintendo data broadcasts were given a fixed time slot known as the during which scrambled Satellaview-related data was streamed via radio waves to be unscrambled by St.GIGA 's . As a subscription-based station for ambient and New Age music , St.GIGA listeners were already equipped with `` BS tuners '' prior to St.GIGA 's contract with Nintendo . Satellaview owners who lacked a `` BS tuner '' had to purchase one separately from St.GIGA at a price of ¥ 33,000 , as well as sign up for Nintendo 's and St.GIGA 's monthly joint membership fees . Alternatively , users could rent `` BS tuners '' from St.GIGA for a 6-month period at a price of ¥ 5,400 . Even at this premium price , St.GIGA reported subscriptions peaking at 116,378 households by March 1997 , and dropping to around 46,000 by June 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48f882c342719f2557f847518facef87", "text": "ThinkPad ThinkPad is a line of laptop computers and tablets developed by Lenovo . The series was designed , developed , and sold by IBM until Lenovo acquired the division and brand in 2005 . ThinkPads are known for their minimalist , black and box design which was initially modeled in 1990 by industrial designer Richard Sapper based on the concept of a traditional Japanese Bento lunchbox revealing its nature only after being opened . According to later interviews with Sapper , he also characterized the simple ThinkPad form to be as elementary as a simple , black cigar box and with similar proportions that offers a ` surprise ' when opened . ThinkPads are popular with large businesses and schools . Older ThinkPad models are revered by technology enthusiasts , collectors and power users due to their durable design , relatively high resale value , and abundance of aftermarket replacement parts . ThinkPad laptops have been used in space and , by 2003 , were the only laptops certified for use on the International Space Station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f38c1b298391a1d4a5925f917222d0", "text": "Departmental boot image A departmental boot image is a boot image for any computer that has been enhanced by adding some applications and passwords specific to a task or group or department in an organization . This has many of the advantages of a thin client strategy , but can be done on any operating system base as long as the boot device is large enough to accommodate the boot and applications together . A typical departmental Windows XP boot image is usually so large that it requires a DVD to store , and may be too large for network booting . Accordingly , it is usually installed on a fixed or removable hard drive kept inside the machine , rather than installed over a network or from a ROM . There are some boot image control complexity and total cost of operations advantages to using a departmental boot image instead of a common boot image for the entire organization , or a thin client : all the capabilities of a full operating system are available , not just those of a thin client applications with inflexible software licenses need not be paid for the entire organization , but can be paid only for the departments that actually use them and have them installed on their machines applications that interact badly can be segmented so that an accounting program and an engineering program do not `` clobber each other 's libraries '' or otherwise interfere as they would if both sets of applications were installed in one boot image overall size of each boot image can be controlled to fit within network or removable disk limits Disadvantages include the complexity of creating and managing several large boot images , and determining when a department needs to upgrade its applications . If each user is allowed to do this on their own , then , the discipline soon degrades and the shop will be no easier to manage than one that consists of one-off computers with their own quirks , frequently requiring re-imaging and whose issues are not really diagnosable nor comparable to each other . Some experts believe that any departmental boot image regime degrades rather quickly to this state without extraordinary discipline and controls , and advocate thin clients to ensure such control . It is however increasingly possible to restrict users from installing `` their own '' applications on a standard boot image , and to automatically re-install when a variant boot image is detected . While this would be draconian in a large organization with one boot image it is often quite acceptable when the boot image is maintained at a departmental level and users can request that it be upgraded with a minimum of bureaucracy and waiting . Category : Booting Category : Disk images", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ae7cb8859ea0acc270c1614feda4aea", "text": "Samsung Galaxy Note 5 Samsung Galaxy Note 5 ( marketed as Samsung Galaxy Note5 ) is an Android phablet smartphone developed and produced by Samsung Electronics . Unveiled on 13 August 2015 , it is a successor to the Galaxy Note 4 as part of the Samsung Galaxy Note series . The Galaxy Note 5 carries over hardware and software features from the Galaxy S6 , including a refreshed design with a glass backing and a spring-loaded stylus , improved camera and fingerprint scanner , built in livestreaming functionality , and additional features meant for use with the device 's bundled stylus . The device was released together with the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge + . The Galaxy Note 5 received positive reviews from critics , who praised the device 's upgraded build quality over prior models , along with improvements to its performance , camera , and other changes . Similarly to the S6 , Samsung was criticized for making the Galaxy Note 5 's battery non-removable , and removing the ability to expand its storage via microSD . It was argued that these changes were potentially alienating to power users -- especially because the Galaxy Note series had historically been oriented towards this segment of the overall market . The Galaxy Note 5 was briefly succeeded by the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 , released in September 2016 . However , the device was ultimately recalled and pulled from the market after repeated incidents where batteries overheated and caught on fire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a156298f4266e608d49f1ba8ba269da6", "text": "Apple Mighty Mouse The Apple Mouse ( formerly Apple Mighty Mouse ) is a multi-control USB mouse manufactured by Mitsumi Electric and sold by Apple Inc. . It was announced and sold for the first time on August 2 , 2005 , and a Bluetooth version was available from 2006 to 2009 . Before the Mighty Mouse , Apple had sold only one-button mice with its computers , beginning with the Apple Lisa 22 years earlier . The Mighty Mouse supported two buttons , and a minuture trackball for scrolling . On October 20 , 2009 , the wireless Mighty Mouse was discontinued and replaced by the multi-touch Magic Mouse . The wired version of the device remains available , but was renamed the `` Apple Mouse '' as of the same date , due to trademark issues with another manufacturer of a device named `` Mighty Mouse '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b4dc78671e96aa9693fcc35c9d19fb", "text": "Apple Lisa Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple , released on January 19 , 1983 . It was one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in a machine aimed at individual business users . Development of the Lisa began in 1978 , and it underwent many changes during the development period before shipping at the very high price of US$ 9,995 with a 5 MB hard drive . The high price , relatively low performance and unreliable `` Twiggy '' floppy disks led to poor sales , with only 100,000 units sold . In 1982 , after Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project , he joined the Macintosh project , at that time developing a much more limited machine with a task-switching interface . Jobs redirected the Macintosh team to build a cheaper and better Lisa , releasing it in January 1984 and quickly outstripping Lisa sales . Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably , but it failed to achieve favorable sales compared to the much less expensive Mac . The final revision of the Lisa , the Lisa 2/10 , was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL . Generally considered a failure , the Lisa nevertheless introduced a number of advanced features that would not re-appear on the Macintosh for a number of years . Among these was an operating system which featured protected memory and preemptive multitasking , and a more document-oriented workflow . The hardware itself was also much more advanced than the Macintosh , with a hard drive and support for up to 2 megabytes ( MB ) of RAM , expansion slots and a larger higher-resolution display . The main exception being that while the Macintosh also used the 68000 processor , the Macintosh initially used a version clocked at 7.89 Mhz , compared to the 5Mhz version used in the Lisa . The complexity of the Lisa operating system and its associated programs overtaxed the slower processor enough that users perceived it to be sluggish , particularly when scrolling in documents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c4de765ce68e808326cd58d3ca1caf", "text": "Cisco Cius The Cisco Cius is a business-oriented , Android-based tablet computer from Cisco Systems . It was announced on June 29 at Cisco Live 2010 and discontinued on May 24 , 2012 , although it will still be offered on a limited basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54829f4b572113017e4ddef390a881e", "text": "Palm TX The Palm TX ( written as `` Palm T | X '' in official documentation ) was a personal digital assistant which was produced by Palm , Inc. . It was announced and released as part of Palm 's October 2005 product cycle , and was in production until March 2009 . It succeeded the Tungsten T5 PDA . The TX marked Palm 's discontinuation of `` Tungsten '' sub-branding for its high-end handhelds . It featured 802.11 b Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless connectivity . It ran Palm OS Garnet , version 5.4.9 . As Palm considered the LifeDrive to be separate from its PDA line , designating it as a `` Mobile Manager '' , the TX was Palm 's flagship PDA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4775e3c73104242882108a6686050a2f", "text": "Power Macintosh 5000 series The Power Macintosh 5000 series is a series of all-in-one ( meaning the cases feature an integrated monitor ) personal computers that are a part of Apple Computer 's Macintosh LC , Power Macintosh and Macintosh Performa series of Macintosh computers . The Power Macintosh 5200 LC was introduced in April 1995 with a PowerPC 603 CPU at 75 MHz as a PowerPC-based replacement of the Macintosh LC 500 series . Later models switched to the PowerPC 603e CPU and used model numbers above 5260 , but kept the same motherboard design . Unlike previous education models , which prepended the model number with `` LC '' , the 5200 series uses the Power Macintosh designation of Apple 's main workstation line of the time and appends the LC to the end of the model name . All models in the 5xxx series featured an integrated 15-inch ( 12.8 '' viewable ) monitor . The 5200 series is closely related to the 6200 series , which features the same logic boards in desktop cases without integrated monitors . This means that it also shares the 6200 's massive and confusing number of model designations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c80a0070326a58d9d4d0c665f130fa83", "text": "Nexus 7 (2013) The second generation Nexus 7 is a mini tablet computer co-developed by Google and Asus that runs the Android operating system . It is the third tablet in the Google Nexus series , a family of Android consumer devices marketed by Google and built by an original equipment manufacturer partner . Following the success of the original Nexus 7 , a second generation of the device was released on July 26 , 2013 , four days earlier than the originally scheduled date due to early releases from various retailers . The tablet was the first device to ship with version 4.3 of Android . The second iteration of the 7 in tablet , code named `` Razor '' , has various upgrades from the previous generation , including a 1.5 GHz quad-core Snapdragon S4 Pro processor , 2 GB of memory , a 1920 × 1200 pixel display ( 323 pixels per inch ; 127 ppcm ) , dual cameras ( 1.2 MP front , 5 MP rear ) , stereo speakers , built-in inductive Qi wireless charging , and a SlimPort ( via micro USB connector ) capable of full high-definition video output to an external display .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f8641598c7a365fb6ddc2318dcab15d", "text": "Compaq Concerto The Compaq Concerto was a laptop computer made by Compaq , introduced in 1993 . Concerto was the first tablet computer manufactured by Compaq on a large scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef44d7cbd375a5bb6c43cc7d41466a1", "text": "Horizon Project The Horizon Project is an initiative by the New Media Consortium ( NMC ) to chart emerging technologies for teaching and learning . Its objective is to help educators and thought leaders across the world build upon the innovation happening at their institutions by providing them with expert research and analysis . It was launched in 2002 by Laurence F. Johnson , CEO of NMC , and publishes several reports online detailing trends in the usage of technology in education . Since 2005 , Johnson has collaborated with Rachel S. Smith in the writing of this report . In 2006 , Alan Levine joined the production team , and Keene Haywood joined in 2010 . In 2011 , Samantha Adams succeeded Smith as the project 's lead researcher and writer . In 2011 , Horizon Report downloads surpassed the 500,000 mark and worldwide readership approached a million people . The NMC 's landmark nine-years-and-counting study of emerging technology continued with the release of the `` 2011 Horizon Report '' in January 2011 . A brand new museum edition was released in October 2010 to the museum community , along with reports for K-12 education and for Australia - New Zealand . The Horizon Project expanded to Latin America in that year , when for the first time , a Horizon research cycle was conducted completely in Spanish . The 2010 Horizon Report : Edicion Iberoamericana was released in July 2010 . Each report is put together collaboratively by an Advisory Board which consists of an international group of educational experts that are selected by-invitation-only . Reports are released with a Creative Commons license ( attribution-only ) and may be freely replicated and distributed . The Horizon Project reports have been commonly cited at various trending websites and could be used as guidelines in studying trends in the usage of technology in education . Over the past 10 years , various editions of the reports have been downloaded more than a million times . Like other research projects , the Horizon Project has its fair share of critics ( for example , the Higher Ed CIO blog thinks that it is deviating from its original objectives ) and supporters ( for example the past president of IFEES calls it a `` must read '' ) . Various editions of the Horizon Reports are frequently cited by authors of various academic journals and articles . ( According to Google Scholar , the 2010 Horizon Report has been cited more than 1000 times . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59f6f51a1681404394b81f45d73e6bf", "text": "TvOS tvOS is an operating system developed by Apple Inc. for the fourth-generation Apple TV digital media player . tvOS was announced on September 9 , 2015 at the Apple September 2015 event , alongside the 4th generation Apple TV . On October 26 , 2015 , 4th generation Apple TV pre-orders began , and shipments began the following week . At the Apple September 2015 Event , Hipster Whale 's Andy Sum demoed Crossy Road for the Apple TV , available via the tvOS App Store . Apple also announced that other apps ( such as Netflix and HBO Now ) would be coming to the Apple TV running tvOS . tvOS is based on iOS heavily rather than just the stripped-down versions of iOS that the operating systems for the 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TV are . The 4th generation Apple TV , with support for third-party software via an App Store , was rumored prior to the Apple September 2015 Event held on September 9 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "019a132ce126cab6170084da10811b0d", "text": "Jack Dorsey Jack Dorsey ( born November 19 , 1976 ) is an American computer programmer and internet entrepreneur widely known as a co-founder and CEO of Twitter , and as the founder and CEO of Square , a mobile payments company . In 2008 , he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35 . For 2012 , The Wall Street Journal gave him the `` Innovator of the Year Award '' for technology .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6de58eea78d8f1517f5046d57d1bc6ba", "text": "Jack Nason Edward Earl `` Jack '' Nason aka Running Deer ( April 8 , 1899 - March 9 , 1977 ) was a professional football player who played in the National Football League during the 1922 and 1923 seasons . He joined the NFL 's Oorang Indians . The Indians were a team based in LaRue , Ohio , composed only of Native Americans , and coached by Jim Thorpe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f145da3bedd7f5b5784f8401be15d79", "text": "Jack Hammer (songwriter) Earl Solomon Burroughs ( September 16 , 1925 -- April 8 , 2016 ) , known professionally as Jack Hammer , was an American pianist , singer , and songwriter , credited as the co-writer of `` Great Balls of Fire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0abb969f84a557bb36ef8eaebc9da820", "text": "Jack and Jill (dance) Jack and Jill is a format of competition in partner dancing , where the competing couples are the result of random matching of leaders and followers . Rules of matching vary . The name and format were created by Jack Carey at Hank & Stans in Norwalk , California in the early 1950s to encourage a variety of dancers to enter competitions . The gender-ambiguous term Pat and Chris has been used , particularly in LGBT dance venues , to refer to events where the gender of lead and follow is n't specified . In dance competitions J&J is included as a separate division ( or divisions , with additional gradations ) . J&J is popular at Swing conventions , as well as at ballroom dance competitions in the US . J&J competitions are intended to test social dance skills , whereas fixed partner competitions test performance dance skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f0e88814ba10e5051a2841408d576ff", "text": "Dana A. Dorsey Dana Albert `` D. A. '' Dorsey ( 1872 -- 1940 ) was a businessman , banker , and philanthropist who became one of the first African -- American millionaires in Florida and the American South .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ae0c5e7529b7cb016bb12c13f6ef7ce", "text": "Jumpin' Jack Flash `` Jumpin ' Jack Flash '' is a song by English rock band the Rolling Stones , released as a single in 1968 . Called `` supernatural Delta blues by way of Swinging London '' by Rolling Stone magazine , the song was perceived by some as the band 's return to their blues roots after the baroque pop and psychedelia heard on their preceding albums , Aftermath ( 1966 ) , Between the Buttons ( 1967 ) and especially Their Satanic Majesties Request ( 1967 ) . One of the group 's most popular and recognisable songs , it has featured in films and been covered by numerous performers , notably Thelma Houston , Aretha Franklin , Tina Turner , Peter Frampton , Johnny Winter and Leon Russell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5260cc88d83671312988ce2b296359f2", "text": "Sonny Dae and His Knights Sonny Dae and His Knights was an American vocal and instrumental group in the early 1950s . The group was the first to record the hit song `` Rock Around the Clock '' . The group comprised Italian-American singer Sonny Dae ( real name Paschall Salvatore Vennitti , May 24 , 1928 -- February 1987 ) , pianist Hal Hogan , guitarist Art Buono , and Mark Bennett . It was a novelty group that billed itself as `` instrumental , vocal and fun makers '' , and had a regular slot on the Old Dominion Barn Dance radio show in Richmond , Virginia . `` Rock Around the Clock '' was apparently co-authored by James E. Myers ( using the pseudonym Jimmy DeKnight ) , and was performed in stage shows in 1953 by his client Bill Haley . However , Haley 's record company , Essex Records , initially refused to allow him to record it , because the company owner , Dave Miller , detested Myers and refused to allow his songs to be released on the label . Instead , Myers ' business partner Jack Howard offered the song to Sonny Dae and His Knights , who released it in Philadelphia on 20 March 1954 ( recorded , according to some other sources , late in 1953 ) . '' ( We 're Gon na ) Rock Around The Clock To-night ! '' was copyrighted on 31 March 1953 in the U.S.Library Of Congress . The recording was released on Howard 's Arcade label , and reviewed by Billboard in the R&B section . But the record achieved only modest local success . The B-side was an instrumental with accompanying vocals , `` Moving Guitar '' , written by S. Dae , A. Buono and M. Bennett . Haley then recorded his version of ` Rock Around the Clock ' on 12 April 1954 , following which it eventually became a massive worldwide hit . Sonny Dae & His Knights is not known to have made any other recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97a56112aa5c7fbc93627d265d809250", "text": "Jack Gregory (defensive end) Earl Jackson `` Jack '' Gregory , Jr. ( born October 3 , 1944 ) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League ( NFL ) who played for the Cleveland Browns and the New York Giants in a 13-year career that lasted from 1967 through 1979 . He is unofficially credited with 103 quarterback sacks for his career ( 38 with the Browns and 65 with the Giants ) . The Browns credit him with 14 sacks for the 1970 NFL season , the second-best total in team history . Gregory played college football at University of Tennessee at Chattanooga and Delta State University . He was inducted into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame in 2000 . His father , Jack Gregory Sr. , played with the Cleveland Rams in 1941 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcaa31d991d9b91c87d237d5ed854b8c", "text": "Jack Fallon Jack Fallon ( October 13 , 1915 , London , Ontario - May 22 , 2006 , London , England ) was a British jazz bassist born in Canada . Fallon played violin before making double-bass his primary instrument at age 20 . During World War II he played in a dance band in the Royal Canadian Air Force , and settled in Britain after his discharge . He joined the band of Ted Heath in 1946 , and played bebop in London clubs in his spare time . In 1947 he played with Ronnie Scott and Tommy Whittle at the Melody Maker/Columbia Jazz Rally , and following this worked with Jack Jackson ( 1947 ) , George Shearing ( 1948 ) and Django Reinhardt ( 1949 ) . Soon after playing with Reinhardt , he played in a Count Basie ensemble which also included Malcolm Mitchell and Tony Crombie ; he played with both of them after leaving Basie , working together with Hoagy Carmichael and Maxine Sullivan and touring in Sweden together with Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli . Fallon worked in the 1950s as an accompanist to Mary Lou Williams , Sarah Vaughan , and Lena Horne , and also served as a sideman in the ensembles of Humphrey Lyttelton , Kenny Baker , and Ralph Sharon . Additionally , he was house bassist at Lansdowne Studios . He worked outside of jazz with blues musicians such as Big Bill Broonzy and Josh White , and played with Johnny Duncan 's Blue Grass Boys . As the bass guitar became more popular , Fallon became a champion of its use , and played both instruments in the latter part of his career . Fallon was also involved in the industry as a booker/promoter , having established the booking agency Cana Variety in 1952 . Cana booked primarily jazz artists in its early stages but expanded to rock acts in the 1960s , including The Beatles and The Rolling Stones . Because of this connection , Fallon was asked by the Beatles to play violin on the song `` Do n't Pass Me By '' ( from The Beatles ) . Fallon continued to play jazz locally in London and in the studios into the 1990s . He published a memoir entitled From the Top in 2005 , and died the following year at age 90 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2db91f7fb9d1dd103fe4fe7a459d070d", "text": "Joe Glaser Joseph G. `` Joe '' Glaser ( December 17 , 1896 -- June 6 , 1969 ) was an artist manager famous for his involvement in the careers of Jazz musicians , including Louis Armstrong and Billie Holiday . Glaser was the son of a Chicago family of Russian Jewish origins . After a series of irregular jobs ( fight promoter , club manager ) , with the help of his alleged mob connections he started managing Louis Armstrong in May 1935 . The success of their association caused other jazz musicians to join Glaser and his agency known as the Associated Booking Corporation which `` was formed in 1940 by Joe Glaser and Louis Armstrong '' . Although his clients had a high opinion of him , Glaser was a feared person in the business industry . Associated Booking Corporation or `` ABC '' as it is also known as , has at various times represented Duke Ellington , Benny Goodman , Lionel Hampton , Woody Herman , Dave Brubeck , Barbra Streisand , B.B. King , The Allman Brothers Band , T. Rex , and many others . Joseph ` Joe ' G. Glaser died on June 6 , 1969 at Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital in New York City , New York after suffering a stroke . He was 72 . His agency - Associated Booking Corporation - was incorporated on June 26 , 1943 and is still in existence today . After his death in 1969 , Joe Glaser 's FBI File - CR 166-1672 - was shipped over to the H.R. Select Committee On Assassinations sometime in 1976-1979 . While the file was sent to the committee in the belief that Glaser had known Jack ` Sparky ' Rubenstein , better known as Jack Ruby , from his Chicago , Illinois days , that file revealed that Glaser was still doing some boxing promotion as late as 1966 , representing Ernie Terrell in his 1966 boxing match against the then Cassius Clay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2930b774569f209098f32a44f0fbd45", "text": "Mike Dorsey Mike Dorsey ( 1930 -- 24 October 2014 ) was an English-born Australian theatre and television actor . He was best known for his 1970s television soap opera roles of Reginald `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 , and Sir Clifford Langley in The Young Doctors Dorsey was born in Yorkshire , England . His acting career began in the late 1940s when he started acting with the Gate Theatre , Dublin , in bit parts . After three years in the army in the early 1950s Dorsey returned to acting , with several minor stage roles on the UK provincial theatre circuit . The scarcity of acting work led to a career change to the publicity business , and Dorsey subsequently did the publicity in London for such performers as Kenny Ball , Acker Bilk and The Yardbirds . He later did two tours with The Rolling Stones , one of which brought him to Australia where he decided to settle in 1965 . In Australia Dorsey 's career as an actor and performer quickly took off . Beginning in the mid-1960s he had several guest starring roles in Australian drama series including Riptide , Skippy the Bush Kangaroo , and many appearances in the various Crawford Productions police drama series . During this period he also played the ongoing role of Captain Roke in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation-Artransa Film science fiction children 's series Phoenix Five ( 1970 ) , was the straight man on Joe Martin 's show Tonight on Channel Ten , and had a brief role as a police detective in Number 96 in 1972 . Beginning in January 1974 Dorsey played the regular role of comedy character Reg `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 . An officious bureaucrat with the local council , buttoned-down Reg lived a regimented life and liked to speak in acronyms as a sort of verbal shorthand . He would frequently register his indignation with signature phrase `` Great Scott ! '' Along with wife Edie -- otherwise known as `` Mother '' or `` Mummy '' -- ( Wendy Blacklock ) and daughter Marilyn ( Frances Hargreaves ) the character became a hit with viewers . In late 1976 there were plans to spin off the characters of Mummy and Daddy into a new situation comedy series titled Mummy and Me and starring Dorsey and Blacklock , but the proposed series was not picked up by the network and the characters remained in Number 96 . Dorsey and Blacklock played in Number 96 continuously until it ended in August 1977 , surviving several drastic cast purges during the show 's closing months . After the series ended , Dorsey , like many of his former Number 96 co-stars , had a guest starring role in school-based drama Glenview High ( 1977 ) . In the late 1970s Dorsey and his main Number 96 co-star Wendy Blacklock created a stage show based on their Number 96 characters which toured clubs in New South Wales over a period of nearly two years . In 1978 -- 1979 Dorsey played an ongoing role on hospital-based soap opera The Young Doctors . He then took the regular role of Vic Marshall in Network Ten daily soap opera Arcade ( 1980 ) , a notorious critical and popular failure cancelled after being on air only six weeks . Dorsey subsequently ran a theatrical group . Dorsey more recently was cast in the role of ` Pop ' in the 2007-2009 children 's television series ` Lockie Leonard ' , filmed in Western Australia , in which he played the role of Lockie 's grandfather . He portrayed the role in the first and second series as a recurring character , but not actively as a main role . Mike married his lifelong partner , Pamela Borain , at their property in Baldivis on 18 April 2010 where they lived until he died peacefully at Rockingham General Hospital on Friday 24 October 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "452c6244108c963ea6da6e4fe59ae9dd", "text": "Showgirl in Hollywood Showgirl in Hollywood is a 1930 American Pre-Code all-talking musical comedy-drama film with Technicolor sequences , produced and distributed by First National Pictures , a subsidiary of Warner Bros. . The film stars Alice White , Jack Mulhall and Blanche Sweet . It was adapted from the 1929 novel Hollywood Girl , by J. P. McEvoy . Al Jolson , Ruby Keeler , Noah Beery , Walter Pidgeon , and Loretta Young make cameo appearances in the final reel , which was photographed in Technicolor . Showgirl in Hollywood is a sequel to the 1928 Warner Bros. silent film Show Girl which also starred Alice White as Dixie Dugan . A French version of the film , titled Le masque d'Hollywood , was directed by Clarence G. Badger and John Daumery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dde56545bcdacd76f7cbce7f65ee140", "text": "Joe Dodge Joe Dodge ( February 9 , 1922 -- August 18 , 2004 ) was an American jazz musician . A subtle and creative drummer , Dodge will probably always be better known for his role primarily as a timekeeper and accompanist who set a standard for blending propulsive swing , creating an adaptability that allowed him to remain in the background and not interfere with the soloist 's line extended to a reluctance to take drum solos . Born in Monroe , Wisconsin , Dodge was raised and grew up in San Francisco , California . Dodge initially studied to be a symphonic percussionist , but like many young drummers of his generation , he was primarily influenced by Gene Krupa and later listened Jo Jones , Jimmy Crawford and Shelly Manne , different sources of inspiration that helped him to create his own creative style . During World War II , Dodge fulfilled his military duties from 1942 until 1945 . While serving , he played drums in the Coast Artillery band , where he met tenor saxophonist Dave van Kriedt , who introduced him to Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond . After demobilization in 1946 , Dodge worked in several dixieland groups and dance bands around the Bay area . In 1950 , Dodge became tired of road touring and economic instability and was able to get a job working in a bank . Nonetheless , he still kept in touch with Desmond , who arranged for him to play an engagement in an octet led by Brubeck as a temporary replacement for drummer Cal Tjader . By then , the Brubeck octet was playing at the San Francisco Opera House , where they opened the show for Nat King Cole and Woody Herman . A few years later , Desmond again recommended Dodge to Brubeck . As a result , he became the regular drummer of the Dave Brubeck Quartet , participating with the group in different music venues in the United States while recording five successful albums between 1953 and 1956 . During the same period , Dodge was featured in two albums with different formats directed by Desmond . Late in 1956 , Dodge was worn down by the travel and intense schedule with the quartet and wanted to spend more time with his family . He then told Brubeck it was time to look for another drummer and took a day job in San Francisco . Meanwhile , in the Quartet 's New York stays , Desmond had heard the Marian McPartland trio at the Hickory House and was impressed with Joe Morello , the drummer who had been working with her since 1953 . Desmond then said Brubeck that they should hire Morello , and when Brubeck heard Morello playing , he asked him if he would be interested in joining his group and the drummer did not jump at the opportunity . In 1957 , Dodge had a chance to return to the jazz spotlight when bandleader Stan Kenton offered him a job as a transitory replacement for Mel Lewis , but Dodge decided to turn the offer down . From 1958 until he retired in 1981 , he combined his activities working in the liquor business with musical engagements in the evenings . Dodge kept in contact with Desmond until the saxophonist 's death in 1977 and never lost touch with Brubeck . At one point , Dodge played at Brubeck 's fiftieth wedding anniversary in 1992 at the Claremont Hotel in Oakland , where he shared time with many of the pianist 's former colleagues . Joe Dodge died in 2004 in Lake Elsinore , California , at the age of 82 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266a2607ce436eb46957b08b778af0c0", "text": "George Dorsey George Dorsey may refer to : George Washington Emery Dorsey ( 1842 -- 1911 ) , Representative to the United States Congress from Nebraska George Amos Dorsey ( 1868 -- 1931 ) , U.S. ethnographer of indigenous peoples of the Americas George W. Dorsey , victim of the 1946 Georgia lynching", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02832f4555d7e74eff8d4c8f67131878", "text": "Papa Jack Laine George Vital `` Papa Jack '' Laine ( September 21 , 1873 -- June 1 , 1966 ) was an American musician and a pioneering band leader in New Orleans in the years from the Spanish -- American War to World War I . He was often credited for training many musicians which would later become successful in jazz music . His Marching band was named Reliance Brass Band and it was the first to fuse European , African and Latin music together . The earliest jazz musicians can be traced back to playing within the Reliance Brass Band or being influenced from those who had . Many of the New Orleans musicians who first spread jazz around the United States in the 1910s and 1920s got their start in Laines marching band , including the members of the Original Dixieland Jass Band . Laine was a drummer , but was more noted for his skills at arranging and booking bands . Laine 's musicians included individuals from most of New Orleans ' many ethnic groups such as African American , English , French , German , Irish , Italian , Jewish , Latin American , Scottish , etc. . He started leading bands in 1885 before the Jim Crow laws went into effect in New Orleans . Due to the diverse background of many of his bands members such as their cultural background , socioeconomic status , age variations from young to old as well as musical experience ( some having none at all ) a broad range of ideas were developed and fused together leading to the early beginnings of jazz music . Even after segregation laws started demanding `` whites '' and `` colored '' be kept separate , Laine continued to hire light - and medium light-skinned African-American musicians , claiming that they were `` Cuban '' or `` Mexican '' if any segregationist tried to start trouble . As such his band attracted a large and diverse group of people such as Mexican clarinetist Lorenzo Tio , Sr. , a pioneer of the jazz solo . Laine believed music brought people together . Laine retired from the music booking business by 1920 , but he was interviewed a number of times , providing first hand accounts of the early days of the development of New Orleans jazz . He had hired well over 100 musicians to play in his bands , including the following :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4bb1fe9b17d03c6465b430b3f7407dd", "text": "The Jack Benny Program (season 4) This is a list of episodes for the fourth season ( 1953 -- 54 ) of the television version of The Jack Benny Program . This season is mostly known for Humphrey Bogart and Marilyn Monroe being on the show ( separately ) . This year had major movie stars of the time , more likely to attract more viewers . The show 's rankings had gone down 33 % from last year , but the show was still popular , and the next season would get more views . This season the program was the 16th highest-ranking show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8727870df28e69df775389418818bff0", "text": "Jumping Jack Jones Daniel Albion `` Jumping Jack '' Jones , Jr. ( October 23 , 1860 -- October 19 , 1936 ) was an American professional baseball pitcher , dentist and voice trainer . He played in Major League Baseball in 1883 , splitting the season between the Detroit Wolverines and Philadelphia Athletics . With a strong showing in September 1883 , he helped the Athletics win the American Association pennant by one game over the St. Louis Browns . Jones also led the Yale Bulldogs baseball team to two intercollegiate championships in the early 1880s . Jones became known as `` Jumping Jack '' Jones because of his distinctive pitching delivery which involved jumping some two feet in the air before throwing the ball . His delivery drew ridicule and laughter among spectators , caused confusion among batters and made Jones `` the twirling marvel of his time . '' Jones later received D.D.S. and M.D. degrees from Harvard Dental School and Yale Medical School and became a dentist in Connecticut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5416f9daa64c4c58d1f83ffb8f51383", "text": "Charles Henry Dorsey Jr. Charles Henry Dorsey , Jr. ( May 18 , 1930 - April 21 , 1995 ) was born in Baltimore and attended St. Catherine Academy in Baltimore and Epiphany College , a Josephite seminary , in New York from 1947-48 . He transferred from Epiphany College to Loyola College in September 1949 . He was the first black undergraduate student to enroll in Loyola College ( now Loyola University Maryland ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0695b35a73e7f589f36f1adf762902c0", "text": "Jack Elliott Jack Elliott may refer to : Jack Elliott ( composer ) ( 1927 -- 2001 ) , American television and film composer Jack Elliott ( rugby player ) ( 1871 -- 1938 ) , Welsh rugby union player Jack Elliott ( broadcaster ) , American radio personality Ramblin ' Jack Elliott ( born 1931 ) , American folk performer Jack Elliott ( album ) , a 1964 album by Ramblin ' Jack Elliott John Elliot ( songwriter ) ( 1914 -- 1972 ) , American songwriter , also known as Jack Elliott Jack D. Elliot ( born 1971 ) , American record producer and songwriter Jack Elliott ( racing journalist ) ( 1922-2007 ) , Australian horse racing journalist Jack Elliott ( footballer ) ( born 1995 ) , English footballer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c6d7ec405bb7c3de41cd30332044ef", "text": "Jack Norton (filmmaker) Jack Norton is an American filmmaker , television producer , musician , songwriter and producer . He is the director of the 2015 film Jug Band Hokum . He is best known as the co-creator of the Emmy Award winning preschool television show and brand , ( The Zinghoppers ) . He co-directed and co-stars in the PBS show , `` Totally , Zinghoppers ! '' Norton is of Dutch and French descent . He grew up in a musical family . His baby sitter was Tiny Tim , who gave Norton his first ukulele . Blues singer Leon Redbone taught Norton how to play guitar and authors Nick Tosches and Hubert Selby , Jr. were family friends . After high school , Norton studied Early Childhood Education and his experience as a preschool teacher helped form the educational principals found in the Zinghoppers music . Norton 's senior thesis ( entitled , `` The Childhood Dignity Movement '' ) , helped form the Zinghoppers core goals of `` educating , entertaining and engaging '' young children . While in college , Norton 's love of hip-hop culture and dance music led him to attend raves and underground rap house parties . Electro , hip-hop , Disney pop and dance music serves as the basis of Norton 's musical influences . The Nortons moved to Nashville , Tennessee in 2009 to begin production of `` Totally , Zinghoppers ! '' , a series for public television . In 2015 Norton announced his directorial debut with Jug Band Hokum , a documentary film that stars Brooklynd Turner and Anne Baggenstoss and follows the lives of band members competing in the Minneapolis Annual Battle of the Jug Bands . Guests appearing in the film include Garrison Keillor ( of Prairie Home Companion fame ) , Bone Thugs-N-Harmony and others . In 2017 it was announced Norton 's next film will be Wendigosis , a feature length horror film . Four songs written and performed by Jack Norton and Kitty Norton are included in The Florida Project a 2017 film by Sean Baker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77a8a87bd99eb1c711978ea7e0f3ecef", "text": "Talent Jackpot Talent Jackpot was an American game show broadcast on the DuMont Television Network from July 13 to August 23 , 1949 . The show was hosted by Broadway producer Vinton Freedley ( 1891-1969 ) with Bud Collyer as his assistant and announcer . Contestants won by getting the most applause from the audience , and the top prize was $ 250 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ab4508c452fd03bb4aabc882988a96fc", "text": "Jaime Lannister Jaime Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning in A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Introduced in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , Jaime is a knight of the Kingsguard and a member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros . Although he first appears to be unscrupulous and amoral , he later proves to be far more complex , honorable and sympathetic . Jaime is portrayed by Nikolaj Coster-Waldau on the HBO series Game of Thrones . He was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television , a Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a People Choice Awards Favorite TV Anti-Hero for his performance in the show 's third season . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 and 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a11b152e3505b80d44b23946a4119abf", "text": "Family and Kinship in East London Family and Kinship in East London was a 1957 sociological study of an urban working class tight-knit community , and the effects of the post-war governments ' social housing policy leading to their rehousing . Many East Londoners by rigid slum clearance moved out into the new estates of the Home Counties ( some of which is now outer Greater London ) . The study was carried out in the Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green , in the East End of London and a new housing estate in Essex . The research was carried out by Michael Young and Peter Willmott , who had been an integral part of building the welfare state in Britain during the tenure of Clement Attlee and the Labour government between 1945-51 . The study itself has been acknowledged by many sociologists and in its authors ' critiques as being one of the most influential sociological studies of the twentieth century . It is argued by some that it has inspired British sociology to take new paths away from the more traditional broad Functionalist versus Marxist dichotomy . It used social observation as its means to do so , going away from statistical information that had been previously preferred . In this sense , it counters the Structuralist ( Positivist ) model that posits statistics can always be found to prove cause and effect within society . The idea was to interact and understand a post-war community , to determine its aspirations , worries , doubts and insecurities . This key understanding moves the study into a more Interactionist line , about each individual 's role within society . Indeed , it could also be linked to Max Weber 's idea of empathy and `` going deep '' to comprehend the complexity of communities . In 1992 , Michael Young and the Institute of Community Studies he founded commenced on a new survey of the area to examine the changes to the area and in particular to examine the conflict between the white working class and Bangladeshi immigrants which had become a major feature of the area . This was eventually published in 2005 after his death as The New East End : Kinship , Race and Conflict by Michael Young , Kate Gavron , Geoff Dench . On Wednesday 25 April 2007 , The Guardian society section reported on the 50th Anniversary of the study . Madeleine Bunting expressed how `` the voices they found described a world rich in social relationships , networks of dependence and mutual support that were central to the people 's resilience in facing the adversity of insecure and low paid employment . '' Bunting also mentions how the pair were amongst the first to discover `` social capital '' and its role in shaping community life . It was the first British sociological study that really investigated deeply people 's attitudes , beliefs and feelings . Using detailed prose and limited statistical analysis , it charted how decisions from the top affected ordinary people in their day-to-day and prospective lives . ISBN 978-0-14-020595-4", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c65fbffe9b3a710a2e563d6724a3f16d", "text": "Körmendy Körmendy in the Hungarian language , due to its form and implied meaning , is understood to be a family name . Literally it means : a person or family of or originating or associated with the place called Körmend , now one of the smaller townships in Western Hungary , near the Austrian border . It is evident in some public records that the same family name may have been spelled `` Körmendi '' as compared to `` Körmendy '' . It is generally understood in the Hungarian tradition that the use of the form `` Körmendy '' is an entitlement of some sort due to the formerly official title of nobility , received as granted in a traditional European meaning and process . The `` Körmendi '' name , form or usage , may mean in some cases , simply a spelling variation due to whatever reasons , but in some other cases `` Körmendi '' may be just an adopted name , not entitled to the `` Körmendy '' form of spelling . There seem to exist many people in the world with these family names , however to this writer at this point it may be highly speculative to guess how many of these may be related at any distance , or whether there are one or more greater families covered by all these names . On the other hand , as an example , this writer has information of a document and public record granting the nobility title to a `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants ( and the same to a companion by a different name ) by `` King Ferdinánd I '' of Hungary , in the year 1549 . This above cited record also refers to an official transcript of another record of the same subject , originating in `` Szentmarja '' of Bács Vármegye , formerly part of the Hungarian Kingdom , ( now called Szabadka in Hungarian , and is now part of modern Serbia ) . This later transcript was sent to the Hungarian National Museum and is deposited under `` Aldányi Antal , LXI 1549 január 5 . '' The above cited granting of nobility to said `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants is due to , according to the contents of the cited document ( s ) , a certain incident of his heroic behavior during the Hungarian defensive wars against the Turkish invaders . The said heroic act occurred in a battle at the Hungarian town Győr , rescuing some Christians from the Turks . Along with the title of nobility this `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants were granted the right to use a certain coat of arms , described in detail within the above said letter of grant of nobility ( nemeslevél in Hungarian ) . These records at least provide a glimpse into the background and history connected with the name ( s ) Körmendy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e9db34473e42df3b0fb2a031de7b0ef", "text": "Petite bourgeoisie Petite bourgeoisie ( -LSB- pətit buʁʒwazi -RSB- ) , also petty bourgeoisie ( literally small bourgeoisie ) , is a French term ( sometimes derogatory ) referring to a social class comprising semi-autonomous peasantry and small-scale merchants whose politico-economic ideological stance in times of socioeconomic stability is determined by reflecting that of a haute ( high ) bourgeoisie , with which the petite bourgeoisie seeks to identify itself , and whose bourgeois morality it strives to imitate . The term is politico-economic , and references historical materialism . It originally denoted a sub-stratum of the middle classes in the 18th and early-19th centuries . In the mid-19th century , the pre-eminient theorist of socio-politico-economy , Karl Marx , and other Marxist theorists used the term petite bourgeoisie to identify the socio-economic stratum of the bourgeoisie that comprised small-scale capitalists such as shop-keepers and workers who manage the production , distribution , and/or exchange of commodities and/or services owned by their bourgeois employers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d60c676bb5e3da2ea50d078061fea5e", "text": "Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century . The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again . On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain . Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated . One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95ff6edca830fe3ff9bc2786dfe0c03", "text": "Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort . The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage . Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence . As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive . One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . '' The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1cc11de53cad36a4f1acf7abed7afcc", "text": "Eunuchs in popular culture Eunuchs have appeared many times in popular culture . The Eunuch , a comedy by Roman playwright Terence . In The Country Wife , the main character , Mr. Horner , pretends to be a man turned eunuch by impotence caused by syphilis in order to gain access to the bedrooms of married women . Being proud of not being a eunuch is the subject of the song `` At Least You 're Not a Eunuch '' in the play Life and Death in Jaffna ( The Musical ! ) '' by Edward Cress Eunuchs appear often as villains in Hong Kong kung fu and wuxia films set in ancient China . For example , the films `` Dragon Inn ( Xin long men ke zhan ) '' , `` Butterfly and Sword ( Xin liu xing hu die jian ) '' , and `` A Touch of Zen ( Hsia nu ) '' all feature a eunuch or a group of eunuchs as the main villain . A popular eunuch villain used in ancient China stories is Eunuch Wei , who is based on a historical figure named Wei Zhongxian . Eunuch villains are usually in charge of powerful political posts , such as being the leader of the East Chamber . The Queen Salmissra , in David Eddings ' The Belgariad and The Malloreon , is only allowed to be served by eunuchs . Her Chief Eunuch Sadi becomes a principal character in The Malloreon , and is referred to in `` The Prophecy '' as `` The Man who is no Man . '' The character and narrator Taita in Wilbur Smith 's `` Egyptian '' ( 1991 - ) series of novels is a eunuch ( performed as a punishment while a slave ) . Bagoas was the eunuch favorite of Alexander the Great ( referenced above ) . Bagoas is the main character and narrator of The Persian Boy , a 1972 historical novel by Mary Renault . Punk rock band the Descendents wrote a song about a eunuch called `` Eunuch Boy '' , which was on their 1996 comeback album Everything Sucks . Eunuchs feature prominently in Montesquieu 's 1722 novel Lettres persanes , supposedly about Persian visitors to eighteenth-century France . Varys , a character in George R. R. Martin 's series A Song of Ice and Fire , later made into the HBO series Game of Thrones , is a eunuch by castration . A historical mystery series written by Mary Reed and Eric Mayer , beginning in 1999 , details investigations carried out by John , the eunuch Lord Chamberlain to Emperor Justinian I , in and around the sixth-century imperial court in Constantinople . In the 2006 film One Night With the King , Hadassah 's ( Esther 's ) would-be boyfriend , Jesse , is captured by the Persian empire and castrated . The 2002 historical science fiction novel The Years of Rice and Salt features many eunuchs in its opening section , including the character Kyu and the historical Chinese admiral Zheng He . Three best-selling novels by Jason Goodwin , The Janissary Tree , The Snake Stone and The Bellini Card , chronicle the investigations of Yashim Togalu , a Turkish eunuch detective to the Sultan 's royal court , in the Ottoman Empire of the 1830s . The historical novel Memoirs of a Byzantine Eunuch , by Christopher Harris ( 2002 Dedalus Books , ISBN 1-903517-03-6 ) The Japanese novel ( and later anime series ) Ai no Kusabi has within their caste system `` Furniture '' , or eunuchs who act as servants to the highest social class . The character Katze was once Furniture , but now works on the black market . In the Japanese anime Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( R2 ) the de facto rulers of the communist Chinese Federation are a group of eight eunuchs called `` High Eunuchs . '' The character Naboo the Enigma from the British comedy act and television series The Mighty Boosh is a eunuch . For the greater part of Iain Banks 's 1984 novel The Wasp Factory , the 16-year-old narrator Frank Cauldhame claims to be a eunuch , the result of being savaged by a dog when he was an infant . At the novels climax , Frank discovers that she was in fact born female . In the TV show Major Dad , a eunuch was in charge of the Security wives of Emir of Katodd . One of the characters that Voltaire 's Candide meets on his adventures is a eunuch . The Vampire Eli in John Ajvide Lindqvist 's novel Let The Right One In is a eunuch . However , this detail is not made abundantly clear in the book 's 2008 Film adaptation of the same title . The Yellow Bastard of the Sin City franchise . In the Red Dwarf episode `` Quarantine '' , Rimmer is said to have been Alexander the Great 's chief eunuch in a past life . In the manga `` Red River ( manga ) '' one of the main villains , Urhi , is a eunuch . The eunuch Manan is a major character in The Tombs of Atuan , the second book from Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea series . The story largely takes place in a large convent where no men are allowed , so a number of other eunuchs are mentioned . In Robert E. Howard 's short story The Scarlet Citadel , the main antagonist has a eunuch prison guard named Shukeli . It is stated that in him , normal human passions have been replaced by extreme sadism . In William Shakespeare 's play `` Twelfth Night '' , Viola initially decides to disguise herself as a eunuch named Cesario in order to serve Duke Orsino . In the 2015 video game The Witcher 3 : Wild Hunt , the loyal servant and bookie of head Redanian Intelligence Sigismund Dijkstra is a eunuch , called Happen the Eunuch . He takes care of the Bathhouse in Novigrad , which is open to both sexes . Category : Topics in popular culture", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2e461e47eacde4d44437e32a5d81a97", "text": "Bristol slave trade Bristol is a city in the South West of England , on the River Avon which flows into the Severn Estuary . Because of Bristol 's position on the River Avon , it has been an important location for marine trade for centuries . The city 's involvement with the slave trade peaked between 1730 and 1745 , when it became the leading slaving port . Bristol used its position on the Avon to trade all types of goods . Bristol 's port was the second largest in England after London . Countries that Bristol traded with included France , Spain , Ireland , Portugal , and North Africa 's Barbary Coast . Bristol 's main export was woollen cloth . Other exports included coal , lead , and animal hides . Imports into Bristol included wine , grain , slate , timber , and olive oil . Trading with the various colonies in the Caribbean and North America began to flourish during the Interregnum of Oliver Cromwell ( 1649 -- 1660 ) . The Royal African Company , a London-based trading company , had control over all trade between countries in Britain and Africa before the year 1698 At this time , only ships owned by the Royal African Company could trade for anything , including slaves . Slaves were increasingly an important commodity at the time , since the British colonization in the Caribbean and the Americas in the 17th century . The Society of Merchant Venturers , an organization of elite merchants in Bristol , wanted to commence participation in the African slave trade , and after much pressure from them and other interested parties in and around Britain , the Royal African Company 's control over the slave trade was broken in 1698 . As soon as the monopoly was broken , what is thought to have been the first `` legitimate '' Bristol slave ship , the Beginning , owned by Stephen Barker , purchased a cargo of enslaved Africans and delivered them to the Caribbean . Some average slave prices were # 20 , # 50 , or # 100 . In her will of 1693 , Jane Bridges , Widow of Leigh Upon Mendip bequeathes her interest of # 130 in this very ship to her grandson Thomas Bridges and indicates that the vessel was owned by the City of Bristol . Business boomed ; however , due to the over-crowding and harsh conditions on the ships , it is estimated that approximately half of each cargo of slaves did not survive the trip across the Atlantic . The triangular trade was a route taken by slave merchants during the years 1697 and 1807 . The areas covered by the triangular trade was England , North West Africa and finally The Caribbean . Profits of 50-100 % were made during the 18th century . Over 500,000 slaves were brought into slavery by these ships , representing one-fifth of the British slave trade during this time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cbde5c12bb2a17592654f9a3e6b432f", "text": "Isle of Canes Isle of Canes ( ISBN 1-59331-306-3 ) , a novel by Elizabeth Shown Mills , follows an African family from its importation and enslavement in 1735 through four generations of freedom in Creole Louisiana to its re-subjugation by Jim Crow at the close of the nineteenth century . Mills explores the family 's `` struggle to find a place in -LSB- a -RSB- tightly defined world of black and white '' -- a world made more complex by the larger struggle of Louisiana 's native ancien regime to preserve its culture amid the Anglo-Protestant `` invasion '' that followed the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the resulting battle for political and social hegemony . Isle 's central theme is the ambiguous lives of those who escaped colonial slavery only to find they could not survive as free without complicity in the slave regime . The novel 's subject-family is one that has been both romanticized and excoriated by journalists , academics , descendants , and current websites over the past half-century . Isle 's interpretation of their controversial role is based heavily on the author 's original research across three decades in the archives of six nations , and actual documents are interspersed throughout the novel . The author 's research began in 1972 when she was employed by a preservation society to document the history of one Isle landmark , Melrose Plantation . Critical assessments of Isle of Canes focus on its upturning of stereotypes . Contemporary Lit describes the focus as `` Gone with the Wind from a vastly different , more important perspective ... not that of the plantation owner or the poor white ... but homme de couleur libre and slave ... capturing the agonizing decisions which tore families and communities apart . '' Historical Novels Review similarly observes , `` The Metoyers , a historical family both black and white and yet neither , challenge all perceptions of racial boundaries . You may never look at American History the same way again . '' The Isle community is also the focus in Lalita Tademy 's Oprah Book Club pick , Cane River . Mills 's Isle explores the colonial roots of the community and the experience of slaves who achieved freedom prior to the onset of Louisiana 's Creole-Anglo conflict . Tademy 's story , whose earliest slave generations are based upon research by Mills and her daughter , portrays the mid-nineteenth -- and early-twentieth-century experiences of the community 's slave families who envied , respected , and resented the free status of the Isle 's Creoles de couleur libre -- some of whose blood they shared . A third , much older novel , Lyle Saxon 's Children of Strangers , depicts the state of servitude into which the Islanders were subjected by the early twentieth-century . Saxon 's era was one in which the chatelaine of the family 's last remaining manor house ( Melrose Plantation , a National Historic Landmark since 1976 ) was an Anglo patroness of the arts , who encouraged Saxon to visit and `` observe '' the community first hand . Saxon 's portrayal captures the mindset of that era 's white population , who vacillated between economic exploitation of the Islanders , sexual attraction to their women , and a paternalistic view of the multiracial Creoles as `` simple people , but our people . '' Historians struggle to understand the complexities of the Peculiar Institution -- particularly the motivation that compelled a significant number of freed American slaves to purchase other humans once free to do so . Edward P. Jones lays out one psychological path in The Known World creating a fictional anti-hero , the Black Virginian Henry Townsend , who is consumed by his self-centered ambition . Isle of Canes reconstructs the world of an actual family to define a radically different but equally uncomfortable trajectory by which more than a few ex-slaves survived a status many historians consider `` neither slave nor free . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d22d9f72b4f8005f464a9df3675e93", "text": "Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b340b11ac156cccd93e0f0936f0e7a", "text": "The Black Adder The Black Adder is the first series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson , directed by Martin Shardlow and produced by John Lloyd . The series was originally aired on BBC One from 15 June 1983 to 20 July 1983 , and was a joint production with the Australian Seven Network . Set in 1485 at the end of the British Middle Ages , the series is written as a secret history which contends that King Richard III won the Battle of Bosworth Field , only to be unintentionally assassinated by his nephew Edmund and succeeded by Richard IV , one of the Princes in the Tower . The series follows the exploits of Richard IV 's unfavoured second son Edmund ( who calls himself `` The Black Adder '' ) in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and , in the final episode , his quest to overthrow him . Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O'Clock News , the series covers a number of medieval issues in Britain in a humorous and often anachronistic manner -- witchcraft , royal succession , European relations , the Crusades and the conflict between the Crown and the Church . The filming of the series was highly ambitious , with a large cast and much location shooting . Shakespearean dialogue is sometimes adapted for comic effect . Despite winning an International Emmy , The Black Adder is generally regarded as the weakest series of Blackadder , even by its creators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d82b4c399e88bbe89f859a87fb5921f", "text": "FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname . The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters . The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children . The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants : George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson : Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 ) Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 ) Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 ) Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 ) Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 ) Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 ) Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue ) Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 ) Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 ) Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 ) William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 ) Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 ) Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 ) Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 ) Category : House of Hanover Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom Category : William IV of the United Kingdom Category : Norman-language surnames !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3361c32fad3bc1747a00c5b436e8b9df", "text": "Black people Black people is a term used in certain countries , often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity , to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations . As such , the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies , and depends significantly on context . For many other individuals , communities and countries , `` black '' is also perceived as a derogatory , outdated , reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label , and as a result is neither used nor defined . Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as `` black '' , and these social constructs have also changed over time . In a number of countries , societal variables affect classification as much as skin color , and the social criteria for `` blackness '' vary . For example , in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin , but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American , with a family history typically associated with institutionalized slavery . In the United Kingdom , `` black '' was historically equivalent with `` person of color '' , a general term for non-European peoples . In South Africa and Latin America , mixed-race people are generally not classified as `` black '' . In other regions such as Australasia , settlers applied the term `` black '' or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c958feb43222f57a6b060b62312acd1", "text": "Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301) The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned king in 1000 or 1001 . He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity . Although written sources emphasize the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process , a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture , religion and state was taken from Slavic languages . Civil wars and pagan uprisings , along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary , jeopardized the new monarchy . The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I ( 1077 -- 1095 ) and Coloman ( 1095 -- 1116 ) . These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population . Both realms retained their autonomous position . The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman -- especially Béla II ( 1131 -- 1141 ) , Béla III ( 1176 -- 1196 ) , Andrew II ( 1205 -- 1235 ) , and Béla IV ( 1235 -- 1270 ) -- continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains , transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe . Rich in uncultivated lands , silver , gold , and salt deposits , Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German , Italian and French colonists . These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages , but craftsmen and merchants also came . Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle , habits and culture in medieval Hungary . The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures . Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture , but Orthodox , and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed . Latin was the language of legislation , administration and judiciary , but `` linguistic pluralism '' contributed to the survival of many tongues , including a great variety of Slavic dialects . The predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign 's preeminent position , but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders , known as `` royal servants '' . They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222 , `` one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch '' ( Francis Fukuyama ) . The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241 -- 42 . Thereafter , Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands , and colonists arrived from Moravia , Poland and other nearby countries . The erection of fortresses by landlords , promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols , led to the development of semi-autonomous `` provinces '' dominated by powerful magnates . Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III ( 1290 -- 1301 ) , the last male descendant of the native Árpád dynasty . His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy . Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "60580bd03f3fab1d8220ff72d4ea91ac", "text": "Braveheart Braveheart is a 1995 American epic war film directed by and starring Mel Gibson . Gibson portrays William Wallace , a 13th-century Scottish warrior who led the Scots in the First War of Scottish Independence against King Edward I of England . The story is inspired by Blind Harry 's epic poem The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace and was adapted for the screen by Randall Wallace . The film was nominated for ten Academy Awards at the 68th Academy Awards and won five : Best Picture , Best Director , Best Cinematography , Best Makeup , and Best Sound Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcfb863eb9ffab9893fca12c5e9b8955", "text": "1995 in film This is a list of films released in 1995 . The first feature-length computer-animated film Toy Story was the year 's biggest box-office hit , and Braveheart won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd693c1acec4524eee6bb87be6fad1", "text": "Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson . The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2442919c15283120b7770493d2b082a4", "text": "List of Game of the Year awards Game of the Year ( abbreviated GotY ) is a title awarded by various gaming publications to a deserving game . Many publications award a single `` Game of the Year '' to a single title that they feel represents the pinnacle of gaming achievement that year . Many games will release a `` Game of the Year '' edition after winning any of these awards , usually containing all the updates , downloadable content ( DLC ) and occasionally other extras such as a soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12fee85c0f43a2a17a9d430ff88f636", "text": "List of Victoria Cross recipients (G–M) The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest award of the United Kingdom honours system . It is awarded for gallantry `` in the face of the enemy '' to members of the British armed forces . It may be awarded posthumously . It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries , most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours . It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 . Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 , two thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch . These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace . The first citations of the VC , particularly those in the initial gazette of 24 February 1857 , varied in the details of each action ; some specify date ranges while some specify a single date . The original Royal Warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards , although official policy was not to award the VC posthumously . Between 1897 and 1901 , several notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived . In a partial reversal of policy in 1902 , six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC , but not `` officially '' awarded the medal . In 1907 , the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six soldiers . The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920 , but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous . Three people have been awarded the VC and Bar , which is a medal for two actions ; Noel Chavasse , Arthur Martin-Leake and Charles Upham . Chavasse received both medals for actions in the First World War , while Martin-Leake was awarded his first VC for actions in the Second Boer War , and his second for actions during the First World War . Charles Upham received both VCs for actions during the Second World War . The Victoria Cross has been awarded 1,358 times to 1,355 individual recipients . The largest number of recipients for one campaign is the First World War , for which 628 medals were awarded to 627 recipients . The largest number awarded for actions on a single day was 24 on 16 November 1857 , at the Second Relief of Lucknow , during the Indian Mutiny . The largest number awarded for a single action was 18 , for the assault on Sikandar Bagh , during the Second Relief of Lucknow . The largest number awarded to one unit during a single action was seven , to the 2nd/24th Foot , for the defence of Rorke 's Drift ( 22 -- 23 January 1879 ) , during the Zulu War . Since 1991 , Australia , Canada and New Zealand have created their own separate Victoria Crosses : the Victoria Cross for Australia , the Victoria Cross for Canada , and the Victoria Cross for New Zealand . Only three of these separate medals have been awarded , all for actions in the War in Afghanistan ; Willie Apiata received the Victoria Cross for New Zealand on 26 July 2007 ; Mark Donaldson received the Victoria Cross for Australia on 16 January 2009 ; and Ben Roberts-Smith was awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia on 23 January 2011 . As these are separate medals , they are not included in this list . The youngest recipient of the VC was Andrew Fitzgibbon who was fifteen at the time of the action that earned him the VC . By comparison , the oldest recipient was William Raynor at 61 at the time of his action in 1857 . There have been several VCs awarded to close relatives . Four pairs of brothers and three fathers and sons have been awarded the VC . In his book Victoria Cross Heroes , Lord Ashcroft notes the story of the Gough family as possibly the `` bravest family . '' Major Charles Gough was awarded the VC in 1857 for saving his brother , Lieutenant Hugh Gough who then went on to win a VC himself in the same year , after he charged enemy guns . Charles ' son , John Gough , then went on to win the family 's third VC in 1903 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be573606620c01e713e380c82d61936", "text": "Origins Award The Origins Awards are American awards for outstanding work in the game industry . They are presented by the Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts and Design at the Origins Game Fair on an annual basis for the previous year , so ( for example ) the 1979 awards were given at the 1980 Origins . The Origins Award is commonly referred to as a Calliope , as the statuette is in the likeness of the muse of the same name . Academy members frequently shorten this name to `` Callie . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74347e412126d24b6a9b274b52b3dbd", "text": "Theatrical jousting Coined in the late 20th century by American stunt performer Kent Shelton , the term theatrical jousting refers to a form of live entertainment in which a medieval jousting tournament is recreated in conjunction with a scripted performance . Alternative terms are `` jousting reenactment '' or `` choreographed jousting '' . The Hanlon-Lees Action Theater is credited with developing the theatrical joust format in 1979 ; its first appearance was at the New York Renaissance Faire in Tuxedo , New York . This type of performance has become very popular at various renaissance fairs by the early 2000s . Typically a three-act affair , the theatrical joust consists of a display of skill ; a mock battle which results in a verbal challenge ; an armed joust on horseback , often `` to the death . '' A variety of colorful characters , either villainous or heroic , give the audience ( which is usually divided into sectors based upon the number of `` knights '' ) a particular person to root for or against . As the show must be repeated on a daily or weekly basis , all fights are carefully choreographed and rehearsed . Horses must be trained to withstand such peculiarities as the clatter of steel weaponry , the occurrence of a rider being knocked from the saddle , and the roar of large crowds . Special makeup and/or property effects are often incorporated into the performance to provide the illusion of violent death or shattering equipment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1d2aee4f5a0dce909abf855c8d0b905", "text": "Brave (Sara Bareilles song) `` Brave '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles , taken from her fourth studio album , The Blessed Unrest ( 2013 ) . The song was written by Bareilles and Jack Antonoff from the band fun. , as the singer was inspired from the struggles that a close friend dealt with in regard to coming out as gay . Bareilles requested Mark Endert to produce it with the explicit goal of radio airplay . `` Brave '' was released worldwide through digital download on April 23 , 2013 as the lead single from the album , through Epic Records . `` Brave '' received positive reviews from music critics , with one writing that Bareilles channels singers like Fiona Apple and Florence Welch . Some critics also compared pop singer Katy Perry 's single `` Roar '' to the song . `` Brave '' became Bareilles ' third top 40 hit in the United States , peaking at # 23 , while reaching the top 3 in Australia ( # 3 ) , her highest charting single in the country to date , and also reaching the top five in New Zealand ( # 4 ) , # 26 in South Korea , # 58 in Canada and # 88 in Japan . The song was covered by Lea Michele and Naya Rivera on the 97th episode of the musical series Glee , which aired on February 25 , 2014 . It was featured in a commercial for the Nokia Lumia 1020 and has continued to be used in adverts for Lumia devices . The accompanying music video was directed by actress Rashida Jones , and features Bareilles singing intertwined with clips of people dancing in various public places such as a shopping mall , a gym , a library and a bus stop . The singer also performed `` Brave '' during several live appearances , including at The Today Show and at The Voice . This song was also nominated for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards . Despite its international success , in the United Kingdom `` Brave '' was released in March 2014 , nearly a year after it was first exposed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e523e295bf7475aee7869360b614e71", "text": "Brave New Words: The Manitoba Writing and Publishing Awards Brave New Words : The Manitoba Writing and Publishing Awards is a gala , held annually in April in Winnipeg , Manitoba , celebrating the best of Manitoban publishing from the previous year . Brave New Words celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2008 . Depending on the year , there are several awards conferred , as some of the awards are only bestowed biannually . The awards are co-produced by the Association of Manitoba Book Publishers and the Manitoba Writers ' Guild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf5dbc5d245c290bf3e230c8eef6212f", "text": "Battleheart Legacy Battleheart Legacy is an action RPG developed by Mika Mobile , Inc. and released on May 28 , 2014 . It is the sequel to the 2011 game Battleheart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45528571cc785bf9c1603b45687e0f33", "text": "Kongregate Kongregate is a mobile and PC publisher and web gaming portal owned by Gamestop Corporation . Kongregate 's 30 + mobile games have over 100 million downloads and the web portal features over 100,000 free games played by tens of millions of players per month . The portfolio focuses on mid-core games spanning a wide range of genres . Kongregate helped develop the genre of idle/clicker games with titles like Adventure Capitalist . In 2016 , Kongregate received Apple Editors ' Choice for BattleHand and The Trail , and received Google Play Editors ' Choice for Animation Throwdown and AdVenture Capitalist . BattleHand and The Trail also were voted as Best of 2016 by Apple and Animation Throwdown and The Trail were voted Best of 2016 by Google Play . Recent Steam releases include Spellstone and Slashy Hero , with Animation Throwdown and The Trail coming soon . On the web portal , users can upload Adobe Flash , HTML 5/JavaScript , Shockwave , Java or Unity games . Users can rate the games and search games by its user rating . It features an API that Flash , Unity , and JavaScript developers can integrate into their games which allows users to submit high scores and earn achievement badges . Badges and local score submissions are available only on games whose developers choose to use the Kongregate API . Players can earn badges , challenge friends , and collect Kongpanions , as well as participate in forums , chat rooms , and guilds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c3d1d6c02f18dcfda5b004073fe8465", "text": "Silver Wolf Award (Scouterna) The Silver Wolf ( Swedish : Silvervargen ) is the highest award made by Swedish Scouting , to active leaders at the national level for exceptionally meritorious work . The award consists of a stylized silver wolf with a fleur-de-lis with the words `` Svenska Scoutrådet '' ( Swedish Scout Council ) , suspended from a turquoise neck ribbon . The Silver Wolf will be distributed by someone who already holds the award . The Silver Wolf was established in 1920 for extraordinary contributions to Scouting . The original badge also meant that apart from being first-class , the Scout also passed tests for first aid and another 15 specific merit badges . When the 1935 World Scout Conference decided that each country would have a Silver Wolf as the highest award at the national level , Sweden chose to continue with the Silver Wolf but then changed so that the Svenska Scoutunionen ( Swedish Scout Union ) distributed it . At this time the Silver Wolf took on the form it has today . The first Silver Wolf was awarded to Ebbe Lieberath in 1920 . The first awarded the Silver Wolf in its new form was Prince Gustaf Adolf , Duke of Västerbotten in 1935 . In 1970 Ingrid Ericsson was the first woman awarded the Silver Wolf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dd58522106163a5f5d32bb20c2d63b3", "text": "Brave (The Shires album) Brave is the debut studio album by British country music duo The Shires , released in 2015 . The album peaked at number ten on the UK Albums Chart , making the Shires the first ever homegrown British country act to have a top ten album in Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8eec298c9ad38ffce901b9f41010659", "text": "Elvis (1968 TV program) Elvis , starring Elvis Presley , is a United States television special that aired on December 3 , 1968 on the NBC television network . The special is commonly referred to as the 68 Comeback Special , because of subsequent developments in Presley 's career . It was directed by Steve Binder and produced by Binder and Bones Howe . Music from the special was released before the broadcast , on the album Elvis ( NBC TV Special ) . Presley 's informal jamming in front of a small audience in the special is regarded as a forerunner of the `` unplugged '' concept , later popularized by MTV .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "190823ba369ad493c2e35a04aa148f56", "text": "Rock-A-Hula Baby `` Rock-A-Hula Baby ( `` Twist '' Special ) '' is a song performed by Elvis Presley for the 1961 movie Blue Hawaii . Written by Ben Weisman , Fred Wise , and Dolores Fuller , it is a genre mix of Hawaiian folk and rock and roll . It was the first song published by Fuller , who would eventually co-write a dozen songs for Presley . A double A-sided release with `` Ca n't Help Falling in Love '' , it peaked at No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1962 , and spent four weeks at the chart summit . The song has appeared on several compilation albums due to its chart success . The title song of the 1992 movie Rock-a-Doodle parodied `` Rock-A-Hula Baby '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80acbb54bb3bda17ea822acb473320b", "text": "Trust (Elvis Costello album) Trust is an album by Elvis Costello and the Attractions . It is Costello 's fifth album , and fourth with the Attractions . It was also his fifth consecutive album produced by Nick Lowe , who handled production on all songs except `` Big Sister 's Clothes '' ( which the liner notes make clear by stating that Lowe was `` not to blame '' for it ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c14bfbffdf897234bc1739f0d17553c9", "text": "Ben Weisman Ben Weisman ( November 16 , 1921 -- May 20 , 2007 ) was an eccentric American composer significant for having written more songs recorded by Elvis Presley ( fifty seven ) than any other songwriter in history . The Mad Professor as Weisman was nicknamed by Elvis , worked with the King from 1956 ( `` First in Line '' ) to 1971 ( `` Change of Habit '' ) . Their early association ( 1957 -- 62 ) produced many of the most powerful rockers and poignant ballads in Presley 's repertoire , including `` Got a Lot o ' Livin ' to Do '' , `` Follow That Dream '' , `` Rock-A-Hula Baby '' , `` Crawfish '' , `` As Long As I Have You '' , `` Pocketful of Rainbows '' and `` Fame And Fortune '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6026c40000b17ff52451310e151d6aef", "text": "Michael Hayes (wrestler) Michael Seitz ( born March 29 , 1959 ) is an American producer , retired professional wrestler and former musician . Seitz is best known for leading The Fabulous Freebirds under the ring name Michael `` P.S. '' ( `` Purely Sexy '' ) Hayes and for his role as an announcer under the name Dok Hendrix in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . He currently works with WWE as the head of the road agents/producers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41fc194be46ebd6a2ee098c1d1d34ef", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1960 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1960 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring ten hit recordings from 1960 . One song included on this disc , The Twist by Chubby Checker , is not an original Cameo/Parkway recording but a late 60 's re-recording . The reason was because Cameo/Parkway 's collection of songs was not able to be licensed for release on CD at that time . Rhino , therefore could not include the original recording . It is a rare instance that Rhino would substitute an original recording for a newer recording . Two versions of this volume in the `` Billboard Top Hits '' series were released . The original version was released in 1988 and included two appearances by Elvis Presley : `` It 's Now or Never '' and `` Stuck on You . '' In 1993 , the album was re-released and replaced the two Elvis songs with Joe Jones ' `` You Talk Too Much '' and Brenda Lee 's `` Sweet Nothin 's . '' The track lineup on the original 1988 release includes eight songs that reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The substitution of the Elvis Presley tracks on the re-release brings that number down to six . On both releases , all tracks reached the Hot 100 's Top 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec52a405ad1610fb3df17a9406c0b21d", "text": "Hona Costello Damar Core , better known by his stage name Hona Costello , is an American , rapper , producer , and singer from Chicago , Illinois . Following the success of his debut mixtape `` Follow me '' , he was featured on Music Connection top prospects of 2012 . In October , 2014 , he produced Dej Loaf single On My Own on her debut mixtape Sell Sole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1998b0e138c2b000bcdfa325a08350e8", "text": "Alec Empire vs. Elvis Presley Alec Empire vs. Elvis Presley is a recording by Alec Empire which incorporates Elvis Presley samples .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fa966953566df5cb4b9afb6f8bc52e1", "text": "Girl Happy Girl Happy is a 1965 American musical romantic comedy and beach party film starring Elvis Presley in his 18th feature . The movie won a fourth place prize Laurel Award in the category Top Musical of 1965 . It featured the song `` Puppet on a String '' , which reached # 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 , # 3 on the Adult Contemporary chart and in Canada , and was certified Gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d680a74c8bc050308e517deae6a07518", "text": "Stan Kesler Stanley Augustus `` Stan '' Kesler ( born August 11 , 1928 ) is an American retired musician , record producer and songwriter , whose career began at the Sun Studio in Memphis , Tennessee . He co-wrote several of Elvis Presley 's early recordings including `` I 'm Left , You 're Right , She 's Gone '' and `` I Forgot to Remember to Forget '' , and played guitar and bass on hit records by Carl Perkins and Jerry Lee Lewis . As a producer , his successful records included `` Wooly Bully '' by Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "712f65bfe64239f614d79aec32106faa", "text": "When I Was Cruel When I Was Cruel is Elvis Costello 's 19th album , recorded in 2001 and 2002 and released in the US by Island Records on 23 April 2002 . The album includes the hits `` 45 '' and `` 15 Petals '' . Although formally credited as solo Costello album , this was the first album to feature his new band , The Imposters . Their only difference from his previous band , The Attractions ( active 1978-87 , and 1994 -- 96 ) , was the replacement of bassist Bruce Thomas , with whom Costello had feuded , with Davey Faragher ( formerly of Cracker ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ded86706358540e1bbed059c091d0a7e", "text": "Tony Visconti Anthony Edward `` Tony '' Visconti ( born April 24 , 1944 ) is an American record producer , musician and singer . Since the late 1960s , he has worked with an array of performers . His lengthiest involvement with any artist is with David Bowie : intermittently from Bowie 's second album in 1969 to the 2016 release Blackstar , Visconti produced and occasionally performed on many of Bowie 's albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b762fc3dfca3ee822189efefa23cd4ec", "text": "Hawk Koch Howard Winchel `` Hawk '' Koch , Jr. ( born December 14 , 1945 ) is an American film producer and a former road manager for the musical groups The Supremes and The Dave Clark Five .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e557a89cb451437b263d4ba98a9809d9", "text": "Too Much (Elvis Presley song) `` Too Much '' is a # 1 song recorded in a hit version by Elvis Presley and published by Elvis Presley Music in 1956 . It was written by Bernard Weinman and Lee Rosenberg . It was first recorded in 1954 by Bernard Hardison on Republic Records . Elvis Presley recorded the song in September 1956 and first performed it on January 6 , 1957 on CBS-TV 's `` The Ed Sullivan Show . '' Released as a single , Presley 's `` Too Much '' reached number one on both the Cashbox and Billboard sales charts and went to number three on the R&B chart . The single peaked at number two on the then-named Top 100 chart , the main Billboard pop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51da553f73834faa2a4b485e1b65a9c", "text": "Less Than Zero (song) `` Less Than Zero '' is the eighth track on Elvis Costello 's debut album My Aim Is True , and the first Costello single that Stiff Records released . The song expressed Costello 's anger after seeing former British Union of Fascists leader Oswald Mosley interviewed on television attempting to deny his racist past . In the liner notes to the Rhino edition of the album , Costello writes : The song therefore fits in with a number of others on early Costello albums that deal with themes of fascism and totalitarianism , which also include `` Night Rally '' from This Year 's Model and `` Goon Squad '' from Armed Forces . In this case , a racist and totalitarian movement is seen in terms of sub rosa teenage sex : `` Turn up the TV ... Even your mother wo n't detect it/So your father wo n't know . '' Allmusic critic Mark Deming describes the melody as `` slow , slinky -LSB- and -RSB- sinister . '' Deming also suggests that the melody shows some reggae influences , even though the rhythm does not incorporate reggae syncopations . Deming describes the song as `` controversial , audacious , and highly effective '' as well as `` a truly remarkable debut . '' On his first visit to the United States , Costello found that American audiences did n't understand the song , writing in his 2015 autobiography , Unfaithful Music and Disappearing Ink , `` I 'm not sure if anyone in Cleveland has ever heard of Oswald Mosley or gave a damn about him when we played `` Less Than Zero '' that night . It was just some rock and roll music with a fashionable-sounding title '' . Later , he substantially rewrote the lyrics to refer to Lee Harvey Oswald . This was a reference to the common misconception among American fans that this was the `` Mr. Oswald '' referred to in the original lyrics . This version is usually referred to as the `` Dallas version '' and is available as a bonus track on the My Aim is True reissue , and a live version can be found on Live at the El Mocambo . The song later provided US author Bret Easton Ellis with the title of his debut novel . The song was also involved in Costello 's infamous performance on Saturday Night Live on 17 December 1977 . Following pressure from his record company to play the song on the show , Costello began to play the song , but he stopped after only a few bars , saying that `` there 's no reason to do this song here . '' He then launched into an unannounced performance of `` Radio Radio '' , a song he had promised not to play . As a result , he was banned from the show until 1989 . In 2015 , Costello wrote of having seen the Saturday Night Live appearance as an opportunity equivalent to The Beatles ' first live US television performance on -LSB- -LSB- The Ed Sullivan Show -RSB- : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- Columbia insisted that the second song should be `` Less Than Zero '' . The song had already proven to be obscure to many American ears and if this was supposed to be our I Want to Hold Your Hand moment , I thought the song was too low-key '' . He had then come up with the plan to switch songs , inspired by a live performance on the BBC 's The Lulu Show in 1969 in which Jimi Hendrix had scrapped a performance of Hey Joe after a few bars to instead play an impromptu tribute to Cream , who had broken up just days before . `` Less Than Zero '' appears on the first Stiff Records compilation ; A Bunch of Stiff Records , whilst the B-side , `` Radio Sweetheart '' , appears on their second ; Hits Greatest Stiffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d6bf59f03e61930ea5ed648418cecd", "text": "Him (play) Him is a 1995 play written by actor Christopher Walken , who also took the lead role and which debuted in the New York Shakespeare Festival . It revolved around the afterlife of Elvis Presley , the singer who , as the author himself turned 15 , became his first idol . The play , Walken 's first venture into playwriting , adopts a surreal tone , and is replete with references to aspects of Presley 's life , as well as to other pieces of theatre , including Hamlet and those of Tennessee Williams . While it enjoyed some positive comments , it was largely panned by the critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d2cdd5fa812db95987c643478edf31", "text": "Lester Sill Lester Sill ( January 13 , 1918 -- October 31 , 1994 ) was an American record label executive , best remembered as Phil Spector 's partner in Philles Records ( the name came from the first parts of their names , Phil and Les ) , and also as the head of both Colpix Records and the later Colgems Records . His three sons are music supervisors in the film and TV businesses : Joel Sill , Greg Sill and Lonnie Sill . His stepson Chuck Kaye is a longtime music publishing executive . Sill was an omnipresent force in the development of West Coast R&B and rock & roll , shepherding the fledgling career of the influential songwriting team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller before teaming with the legendary producer Phil Spector to found Philles Records , the premier U.S. pop label of the early '60s . Born January 13 , 1918 , in Los Angeles , Sill first entered show business as a nightclub owner , but in 1945 joined the sales and promotion staff of the Bihari brothers ' Modern Records , later producing sessions for R&B acts including Charles Brown and Hadda Brooks . In 1950 Sill met Leiber in the L.A. record shop where the aspiring lyricist worked as a retail clerk and suggested he find a partner who could read and write music , spurring the beginning of Leiber 's collaboration with Mike Stoller . Sill also produced the 1951 Jimmy Witherspoon effort `` Real Ugly Woman , '' the first recorded Leiber and Stoller collaboration . That same year Sill and Federal Records producer/talent scout Ralph Bass formed a PR agency , Brisk Enterprises , and following the success of the duo 's Big Mama Thornton hit `` Hound Dog '' , he teamed with Leiber and Stoller in late 1953 to create Spark Records as well as their own publishing firm , Quintet Music , Inc. . Spark enjoyed immediate success with The Robins ' R&B smash `` Riot in Cell Block # 9 '' . The group 's follow-up , `` Smokey Joe 's Café , '' proved an even bigger hit , in fact too big for the small label to handle . So in 1955 Spark sold its catalog to Atlantic Records , which in turn named Sill its national sales manager while giving Leiber and Stoller an independent production deal . While the deal prompted the breakup of The Robins , members Carl Gardner and Bobby Nunn continued on as The Coasters , with Sill serving as their manager . The Coasters would emerge as one of the most popular R&B acts of the late '50s , generating a series of wry Leiber and Stoller-penned hits including `` Down in Mexico '' , `` Yakety Yak '' , and `` Charlie Brown '' ; Sill also enjoyed chart success teaming with producer-songwriter Lee Hazlewood on 1958 's `` Rebel Rouser '' , the most notable of the 15 Top 40 instrumentals headlined by the renowned guitarist Duane Eddy and issued on the Dick Clark-owned Jamie label . In late 1959 , Sill and Hazlewood formed Trey Records , a Hollywood-based imprint distributed by Atlantic . The label 's signings included 18-year-old wunderkind Phil Spector , then fresh off the success of his group The Teddy Bears ' chart-topping pop classic `` To Know Him Is to Love Him . '' Spector produced several Trey sides . None were hits , but Kell Osborne 's 1960 release `` The Bells of St. Mary 's '' bears all the dramatic hallmarks that would later define his trademark Wall of Sound aesthetic . At the end of 1961 , Sill and Hazlewood shut down Trey but quickly formed a new label , Gregmark , as a vehicle for The Paris Sisters , an Andrews Sisters-inspired sibling vocal trio with a series of little-heard Decca singles under its belt . Sill insisted on a top-to-bottom overhaul of their approach , prompting Spector to relegate Albeth and Sherrell Paris to the background while turning the spotlight on youngest sibling Priscilla , insisting she dial back her powerful voice to a dusky whisper . While the Paris Sisters ' Gregmark debut `` Be My Boy '' earned little notice , the follow-up , `` I Love How You Love Me , '' cracked the U.S. Top Five , galvanized by Priscilla 's intimate lead turn and Spector 's atypically restrained production . Spector then began work on a Paris Sisters LP , but as production costs began to skyrocket , Sill attempted to exert control of the project . Their skirmish ended disastrously when , according to Sill , one of his assistants accidentally discarded the master tapes , although rumors persist of a far more nefarious outcome . At the same time Sill 's partnership with the tempestuous Hazlewood collapsed , and despite their differences , in late 1961 Sill and Spector inaugurated their own label , Philles , immediately reaching the Top 20 with the company 's debut release , The Crystals ' `` There 's No Other ( Like My Baby ) . '' Its 1962 follow-up , `` Uptown , '' was Spector 's first true tour de force , capturing the Wall of Sound in full gallop . By mid-1962 Philles was the most successful independent label in the U.S. , scoring a series of Spector-produced classics including the Crystals ' `` He 's a Rebel '' and `` Then He Kissed Me , '' Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans ' `` Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah '' and The Ronettes ' `` Be My Baby . '' But as Spector 's fame and renown grew , so did his notorious ego , and as he exerted more and more of his mercurial will over Philles ' business dealings , his relationship with Sill disintegrated . Spector eventually forced his mentor out of the company altogether , buying out Sill for a paltry $ 60,000 ( reportedly never even paid ) and decisively terminating their partnership with the never-released Crystals recording '' ( Let 's Dance ) The Screw . '' After over a year in seclusion , in 1964 Sill resurfaced as a consultant to Screen Gems-Columbia Music president Don Kirshner . Although the position was temporary , he ended up staying with the company for over two decades , eventually taking over Kirshner 's position . In 1985 Sill was named president and CEO of Jobete Music , the publishing arm of Berry Gordy , Jr. 's Motown empire . He remained with Jobete until his death in Los Angeles on October 31 , 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbcae671c7f42b61e9f9ffbf50eadc1d", "text": "I'm Leavin' (Elvis Presley song) `` I 'm Leavin ' '' is a 1971 song by Elvis Presley . It was written by Sonny Charles and Michael Jarrett . The song was originally released in 1971 as a single , with `` Heart of Rome '' ( from the album Love Letters from Elvis ) on the B-side . In the United States `` I 'm Leavin ' '' reached number 36 on Billboard Hot 100 for the week of August 21 , 1971 . In the UK Singles Chart , it reached number 23 for the week of October 2 , 1971 . Later `` I 'm Leavin ' '' was included in the 1980 box set Elvis Aron Presley ( on the record 8 titled `` Lost Singles '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644a163acf9c1bfa169e421f7d8931a8", "text": "Sylvia (Elvis Presley song) `` Sylvia '' is a song by Elvis Presley from his 1972 album Elvis Now . In 1972 the song reached the top of the charts in South America .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f3522271c4170c2adfd043c2a91ff902", "text": "Frank Sinatra Francis Albert Sinatra ( -LSB- sᵻˈnɑːtrə -RSB- -LSB- siˈnaːtra -RSB- ; December 12 , 1915 -- May 14 , 1998 ) was an American singer , actor , and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century . He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 150 million records worldwide . Born in Hoboken , New Jersey , to Italian immigrants , Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey . Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 , becoming the idol of the `` bobby soxers '' . He released his debut album , The Voice of Frank Sinatra , in 1946 . Sinatra 's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s , and he turned to Las Vegas , where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack . His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity , with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor . Sinatra released several critically lauded albums , including In the Wee Small Hours ( 1955 ) , Songs for Swingin ' Lovers ! ( 1956 ) , Come Fly with Me ( 1958 ) , Only the Lonely ( 1958 ) and Nice 'n' Easy ( 1960 ) . Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own record label , Reprise Records , and released a string of successful albums . In 1965 , he recorded the retrospective September of My Years , starred in the Emmy-winning television special Frank Sinatra : A Man and His Music , and released the tracks `` Strangers in the Night '' and `` My Way '' . After releasing Sinatra at the Sands , recorded at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Vegas with frequent collaborator Count Basie in early 1966 , the following year he recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Tom Jobim , the album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim . It was followed by 1968 's collaboration with Duke Ellington . Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971 , but came out of retirement two years later and recorded several albums and resumed performing at Caesars Palace , and reached success in 1980 with `` New York , New York '' . Using his Las Vegas shows as a home base , he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998 . Sinatra forged a highly successful career as a film actor . After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity , he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm ( 1955 ) , and received critical acclaim for his performance in The Manchurian Candidate ( 1962 ) . He appeared in various musicals such as On the Town ( 1949 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , High Society ( 1956 ) , and Pal Joey ( 1957 ) , winning another Golden Globe for the latter . Toward the end of his career , he became associated with playing detectives , including the title character in Tony Rome ( 1967 ) . Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971 . On television , The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950 , and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s . Sinatra was also heavily involved with politics from the mid-1940s , and actively campaigned for presidents such as Harry S. Truman , John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan , though before Kennedy 's death Sinatra 's alleged Mafia connections led to his being snubbed . While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music , he had an impressive understanding of it , and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music . A perfectionist , renowned for his dress sense and performing presence , he always insisted on recording live with his band . His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname `` Ol' Blue Eyes '' . Sinatra led a colorful personal life , and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women , such as with his second wife Ava Gardner . He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976 . Sinatra had several violent confrontations , usually with journalists he felt had crossed him , or work bosses with whom he had disagreements . He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983 , was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985 , and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997 . Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Trustees Award , Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . After his death , American music critic Robert Christgau called him `` the greatest singer of the 20th century '' , and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6c6fc0dc80538dc25283f1209dece12a", "text": "Frank Sinatra with the Red Norvo Quintet: Live in Australia, 1959 With the Red Norvo Quintet : Live in Australia , 1959 is a live album by American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in 1959 but released in 1997 . These tapes were recorded during two stops on Sinatra 's brief Australian tour of 1959 , during which he was backed by the quintet of jazz vibraphonist Red Norvo . It is considered one of the wildest performances he has ever recorded , as he exhibits great freedom in his lyric choice , often switching and twisting entire phrases . For example , just as Sinatra begins `` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' , a woman in the audience screams . He responds between lyrics with `` Get your hand off that broad ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac251df10927ba3566175190ca113b2e", "text": "The Capitol Years (1990 Frank Sinatra album) The Capitol Years is a 1990 compilation album of the U.S. singer Frank Sinatra . Released to coincide with Sinatra 's 75th birthday , this three-disc set has an abundance of classic Sinatra performances from his career with Capitol Records , which spanned the years 1953 to 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53aa532839a21b6b3ad7ea06f03dd326", "text": "Sinatra: New York Sinatra : New York is a 2009 box set album of live performances by the American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in New York City . New York , both at the Carnegie Hall , and at Madison Square Garden . The first disc captures two live performances from 1955 and 1963 , disc two and three are from the Carnegie Hall and from Madison Square Garden in 1974 . The final two discs are from the 1980s , with disc five a previously unreleased DVD of a June 25 , 1980 performance at the Carnegie Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ab1a83ce95334afe891618c146f13f4", "text": "Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection The Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection is a 2004 Christmas album from Frank Sinatra . The selection of tracks on the album spans Sinatra 's career from 1957 to 1991 and includes four previously unavailable tracks -- two previously unreleased on CD and two previously unreleased in any format -- the latter the last Christmas carol Sinatra recorded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d77a258f9a67bc9317992e7ec56e558", "text": "Romance: Songs from the Heart Romance : Songs from the Heart is a 2007 album by Frank Sinatra , released posthumously , that consists of 21 tracks he recorded for Capitol Records . An alternate version of `` Nice 'n' Easy '' is included on the disc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92be68f6a4500695efa20ddc30cf673", "text": "Frank D'Accone Frank ( Anthony ) D'Accone ( born 13 June 1931 , Somerville , MA ) is an American musicologist . D'Accone is the author of pioneering documentary studies of the musicians and institutions that produced the music of the Florentine and Siennese Renaissance . His many modern editions of the music of this culture made available to present-day performers and scholars for the first time in several centuries a full and wide-ranging picture of the musical life in Tuscany during the Renaissance . His body of work `` substantially extends current knowledge of the music history of the Italian Renaissance . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "620b53f2210f85136094f551baa45a49", "text": "Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne `` Frank '' Sinatra ( January 10 , 1944 -- March 16 , 2016 ) , professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr. , was an American singer , songwriter , and conductor . He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife , Nancy Barbato Sinatra ; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra ; and older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c8218ed585b459a5d0d5b27c5d5189f", "text": "The Frank Sinatra Show (1957 TV series) The Frank Sinatra Show is an ABC variety and drama series , starring Frank Sinatra , premiering on October 18 , 1957 , and last airing on June 27 , 1958 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd46b945ff0223eae0ed8c391c1f6dd", "text": "Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts The Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts , INC. ( PCC ) is an American trade union . It was founded in 1966 by members of Musicians ' Protective Union Local # 274 , American Federation of Musicians ( A F of M ) . Local # 274 was chartered in 1935 as a separate Black local because Black musicians were denied membership in the racially segregated Local # 77 . Local # 274 enjoyed its autonomy for more than 36 years . It was the longest surviving independent Black Musicians ' Union in the United States , of the more than fifty chartered in major cities . Local # 274 and PCC 's social unit are integral parts of the history of JAZZ in Philadelphia . They evolved out of the struggle of Black musicians for political , economic , and cultural recognition during Philadelphia 's overt segregation period . Local # 274 's membership rolls included JAZZ greats like John Coltrane , Dizzy Gillespie , Shirley Scott , Lee Morgan , `` Philly '' Joe Jones , Grover Washington Jr. , the Heath Brothers , and Nina Simone to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba62029df6761b99d7805ebafb6cedf8", "text": "Cycles (Frank Sinatra album) Cycles is a studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra , released in 1968 . Released just before Christmas in 1968 , there was a ten-month gap between this album and the release of Francis A. & Edward K. , which was the longest period in Sinatra 's Reprise years in which he did not commercially record music ( barring his contributions to The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas ) . Sinatra sang a variety of folk-rock oriented songs , including Judy Collins ' `` Both Sides Now '' ( written by Joni Mitchell ) and the Glen Campbell hits `` Gentle on My Mind '' ( written by John Hartford ) and `` By the Time I Get to Phoenix '' ( written by Jimmy Webb ) . The title song was released as a single , reaching # 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 2 on the Easy Listening chart , while the album peaked at # 18 on the Billboard 200 chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753a0002282a8dc95c27e76e5e11b2a8", "text": "Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre is a series of four 12 '' long playing vinyl albums recorded in Los Angeles in 1963 . The four albums were sold through mail order as a box set in 1963 , then released separately to retail in 1964 . They were conceived and produced by Frank Sinatra . Morris Stoloff was the musical director and the A&R Director was Sonny Burke . The four discs feature the scores of four popular Broadway musicals of the time , namely Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 ) , Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) and Guys and Dolls ( 1950 ) . The `` Guys and Dolls '' album was issued on CD in 1992 when the musical itself was enjoying a revival . All the albums were re-released in a box set on September 26 , 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f1c6a09be447d549ff88abe4573d428", "text": "Anthony Martin Sinatra Anthony Martin Sinatra ( born Saverio Antonino Martino Sinatra , ; May 4 , 1892 -- January 24 , 1969 ) was an Italian-American Hoboken city fireman , professional boxer , bar owner , and father of singer and actor Frank Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5887bf4536e3e9d113ecafcf355f517", "text": "Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' . Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc418c215cdd3149dcfa0b0f94c06d3", "text": "Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics . Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity . The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b35d4441e9c34bb54a786852e1102343", "text": "Frank Luther Frank Luther ( August 4 , 1899 - November 16 , 1980 ) was an American country music singer , dance band vocalist , playwright , songwriter and pianist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eae987197f93a1c4d64d7272e577bf21", "text": "I'm a Fool to Want You `` I 'm a Fool to Want You '' is a 1951 song composed by Frank Sinatra , Jack Wolf , and Joel Herron . Frank Sinatra released the song as a Columbia Records single . The ballad is considered a pop and jazz standard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1874ca139eb9493029c115f92dab2ef1", "text": "Louis Armstrong discography Louis Armstrong ( 1901 -- 1971 ) , nicknamed Satchmo or Pops , was an American trumpeter , composer , singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz . His career spanned five decades , from the 1920s to the 1960s , and different eras in jazz . Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an `` inventive '' trumpet and cornet player , Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz , shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance . With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice , Armstrong was also an influential singer , demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser , bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes . He was also skilled at scat singing . Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing , Armstrong 's influence extends well beyond jazz music , and by the end of his career in the 1960s , he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general . Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to `` cross over '' , whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided . He rarely publicly politicized his race , often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans , but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis . His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "efe7d175eccfcda443c3f71466c3c6e4", "text": "Miley Cyrus Miley Ray Cyrus ( born Destiny Hope Cyrus ; November 23 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . After playing minor roles in the television series Doc and the film Big Fish in her childhood , she became a teen idol starring as the character Miley Stewart in the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana in 2006 . Her father Billy Ray Cyrus also starred in the show . She subsequently signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records , and her debut studio album Meet Miley Cyrus ( 2007 ) was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) having shipped over three million units . She released her second album Breakout and launched her film career as a voice actress in the animated film Bolt in 2008 . Cyrus starred in the feature film Hannah Montana : The Movie , and began cultivating a more mature image with her EP The Time of Our Lives in 2009 . In 2010 , she released her third album Ca n't Be Tamed , which stands as the lowest-selling record of her career , and starred in the coming-of-age film The Last Song . Cyrus focused on her acting career with several television and film appearances in 2011 and 2012 . Her sexually explicit behavior generated widespread controversy while promoting her fourth album Bangerz ( 2013 ) , her first under her recording contract with RCA Records . Cyrus ' independently-released fifth studio album Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz ( 2015 ) deviated from her traditional pop style for more psychedelic experimentation . In 2016 , she was a coach for the eleventh season of the singing competition series The Voice . With Bangerz , Cyrus achieved her third number-one album on the U.S. Billboard 200 , and fifth overall including Hannah Montana soundtrack albums . She has logged eight top 10 entries on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with : `` See You Again '' , `` 7 Things '' , `` The Climb '' , `` Party in the U.S.A. '' , `` Ca n't Be Tamed '' , `` We Ca n't Stop '' , `` Malibu '' and the chart-topping `` Wrecking Ball '' . Cyrus has earned numerous awards and nominations , as Billboard ranked her as the fourth best-selling female artist of 2009 . She was ranked number thirteen on Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 , and in 2013 was declared `` Artist of the Year '' by MTV . She has been included on the Time 100 list of most influential people in 2008 and 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5824a4659ebb05a212bee7481fd08cfd", "text": "Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz is the fifth studio album by American singer Miley Cyrus , which was independently released for free online streaming on SoundCloud on August 30 , 2015 . Opting for an album relying less on computerized elements than her previous release , Bangerz ( 2013 ) , Cyrus began planning the project in 2013 before Bangerz was released . Work continued into 2014 and 2015 , when she befriended and began collaborating with the Flaming Lips . In addition to the psychedelic rock band , Cyrus worked with producers Mike Will Made It and Oren Yoel ( with whom she had collaborated on Bangerz ) . The album features guest vocals by Big Sean ( who had appeared on Bangerz ) , Sarah Barthel of Phantogram and Ariel Pink . Without previous promotion , Cyrus announced that Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz was available for free online streaming when she hosted the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , released independently . Critics were divided in their opinions of the album ; some applauded Cyrus ' ambition and experimentation , and others considered its production and overall finish lacking . Cyrus has promoted the album with music videos for `` Dooo It ! '' , `` Lighter '' and `` BB Talk '' , performances of `` Karen Do n't Be Sad '' and `` Twinkle Song '' when she hosted Saturday Night Live , and the Milky Milky Milk Tour in November and December 2015 . On April 10 , 2017 , the album was released commercially on iTunes and other streaming platforms through RCA Records .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b72ff36aa8bdcafb8ccdebe2432f5cd9", "text": "Lovers and Leavers (album) Lovers and Leavers is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Hayes Carll .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea9c0108a6294dff52c06bc0ae860abc", "text": "4x4 (song) `` 4x4 '' is a song by American recording artist Miley Cyrus featuring American rapper Nelly from Cyrus ' fourth studio album Bangerz ( 2013 ) . It was written and produced by Pharrell Williams , with additional songwriting provided by Cyrus and Nelly . The song is a country rap track that discusses having fun through the metaphor of a 4x4 truck . The song is sampled in British indie rock band Alt-J 's 2014 single `` Hunger of the Pine '' . `` 4x4 '' received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics , who appreciated its overall production and individuality compared to the other tracks included on Bangerz . Despite not having been released as a single , it peaked at number 41 on the U.S. Billboard Pop Digital Songs chart . Cyrus first performed the song during her episode of MTV Unplugged in January 2014 , and has also performed it during her Bangerz Tour . In August 2014 , Ubisoft revealed that the song will appear in Just Dance 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ee53cc557b950b61af8b40871c0baad", "text": "Miss Movin' On `` Miss Movin ' On '' is the debut single by American pop group Fifth Harmony from their debut EP Better Together , released on October 22 , 2013 . It is their first single after placing third on the second season of The X Factor and subsequently signing with Simon Cowell 's Syco label . It was released digitally on July 16 , 2013 through Syco and Epic . `` Miss Movin ' On '' peaked at number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 27 on the US Mainstream Top 40 chart . It also charted in New Zealand , peaking at number 27 . The song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America . An accompanying music video for the song , directed by Hannah Lux Davis , was released on the band 's YouTube page , featuring the girls enjoying themselves at an amusement park after getting over the break-ups of their boyfriends . They first performed the song live on The Today Show and would make later appearances on Fox & Friends , The Arsenio Hall Show , Live ! with Kelly and Michael and the Radio Disney Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59212d79b9ccc2aae946159315b68e0", "text": "Worth Every Mile `` Worth Every Mile '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Travis Tritt . It was released in October 1993 as the fifth single from the album T-R-O-U-B-L-E . The song reached # 30 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0140dbcb72056d38cf000af5f623d117", "text": "Familiar Ground Familiar Ground is the fifth album by Sean T . It was released on April 16 , 2002 for Perrion Records and was produced entirely by Sean T.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efd1761da442d1c2476f061beee0a76a", "text": "5th Gear (album) 5th Gear is the fifth studio album by country singer Brad Paisley . It was released June 19 , 2007 , and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 , with first week sales of about 197,000 copies . On April 9 , 2008 , 5th Gear was certified platinum by the RIAA . The album 's first four singles -- `` Ticks '' , `` Online '' , `` Letter to Me '' , and `` I 'm Still a Guy '' -- all reached Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts . In June 2008 , a re-recording of `` Waitin ' on a Woman '' , a song which Paisley originally recorded for his 2005 album Time Well Wasted , was added as a bonus track to this album . This re-edited version was released in June 2008 as the album 's fifth single . For the chart week of September 20 , 2008 , the song has become his twelfth number-one single and his eighth straight number-one hit . When pre-ordered through iTunes , another bonus track , `` You Love Me So Good '' , was included . In 2009 , NPR picked the album as one of `` The Decade 's 50 Most Important Recordings . '' Blaine Larsen later released a rendition of `` It Did '' in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85e5e535df1e04c710a447ce2233eb7", "text": "Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 . The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics . It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "761a44687ff8d7b3ab4ad57ea9827a62", "text": "The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits, Vol. 5 The Source Presents : Hip Hop Hits , Volume 5 is the fifth annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine . Released December 18 , 2001 , and distributed by Def Jam Recordings , Hip Hop Hits Volume 5 features sixteen hip hop and rap hits ( two of them are bonus tracks ) . It went to number 37 on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart and peaked at number 48 on the Billboard 200 album chart . Purple Pills ( or Purple Hills ) is the only number-one Hot Rap Tracks hit on Volume 5 . Likewise , the album is the second in Hip Hop Hits series to feature a Billboard Hot 100 number one hit ( Volume 1 is first ) : I 'm Real . It is the fourth Hip Hop Hits album not to feature a number-one hit on the R&B / Hip Hop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9453dba24dfcdea6ec40ec6ab77cb453", "text": "Heaven (Miliyah Kato album) Heaven is Miliyah Kato 's fifth studio album . It was released on July 28 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e9384b070cf8837fc319955078a04d8", "text": "Last Song (Dave Days song) `` Last Song '' is a single by Dave Days , and the lead single from his second EP , Dinner and a Movie . It is Days ' most notable song , with its music video having more than 15 million views . The music video features Miley Cyrus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8f3cedb6bf0d11980225ff517ebb979", "text": "Brass Knuckles (album) Brass Knuckles is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Nelly , released on September 16 , 2008 . The album cover was voted the ` Sexiest Album Cover Women Play Themselves To ' in the Playboy Bunnies Convention in 2009 . In 2008 Nelly embarked on The Brass Knuckles Tour in support of the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2adf5c6155f1b4f424872fb6305261f2", "text": "Street Hop Street Hop is the fourth studio album by the American rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' , released in the United States on October 20 , 2009 , on One Records . It is the follow-up to his previous album Independent 's Day ( 2005 ) . At the release of Success Is Certain ( August 9 , 2011 ) , Street Hop sold approximately 24,000 units in the United States via HitsDailyDouble .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c7651812fff436ae0d71bdc2748c39", "text": "Side Pony Side Pony is the fifth studio album by Lake Street Dive . It was released through Nonesuch on February 19 , 2016 both as a CD and on vinyl and various electronic formats . The album title refers to a hair style or an adventuresome , playful young horse , just doing its own thing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b0b353e5839dffc537813e3db838df", "text": "Dance with Me (Johnny Reid album) Dance with Me is the fifth studio album by Canadian country music artist Johnny Reid . It was released on March 10 , 2009 , by Open Road Recordings . The album was certified Gold within 48 hours of release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dcd364589f62f9847518cd7c251d6ed", "text": "Disneymania 5 Disneymania 5 is the 5th installment in the Disneymania series . It was released on March 27 , 2007 . The album features 4 of the stars from High School Musical : Vanessa Hudgens , Lucas Grabeel , Ashley Tisdale , Corbin Bleu and from High School Musical : The Concert , Drew Seeley among others . The album features other Disney-related stars as well . The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at 14 with a sales of 44,000 units , the highest debut for a Disneymania album to date . It has , since then , sold 293,000 + units .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb5da47fb113f4edde792b8b86c9e339", "text": "Gerald's World Gerald 's World is the fifth studio album by American R&B singer Gerald Levert . The album was released on September 18 , 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3af91b88ac2134d00e485e0f6ea57410", "text": "Twenty Five (album) Twenty Five is a greatest hits album by George Michael released on 2006 , celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career . It was released on 13 November 2006 by Sony BMG . It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number 23 on the Billboard 200 , and it reached the top 20 on most other album charts . After Michael 's death in December 2016 , the album re-entered the Billboard 200 at a new peak position of number 12 . The album mostly contains songs from Michael 's solo career , but also from his earlier days with Wham ! . The album is sold in two formats : a 2-CD set and a limited edition 3-CD set . The 2-CD set contains 26 tracks , including four recorded with Wham ! and three new songs : `` An Easier Affair '' , `` This Is Not Real Love '' ( a duet with the British singer Mutya Buena ) and a new version of `` Heal the Pain '' , recorded with Paul McCartney . The limited edition 3-CD version contains an additional 14 lesser known tracks , including one with Wham ! and another new song called `` Understand '' . The 2-CD version was released in the United States on 1 April 2008 , with two changes : `` Feeling Good '' replaced the Wham ! track `` Freedom '' , and `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' ( from Songs from the Last Century ) replaced `` Round Here '' , a track from Patience that was not released as a single in the US . A 3-CD limited deluxe version was released in the United States exclusively by Best Buy . The track listing for the third CD is the same as the international version , but unlike the 2-CD US version , it includes `` Freedom '' instead of `` Feeling Good '' . The 3-CD version is packaged in a digipak . It includes a 36-page colour booklet with lyrics for every track , along with screen shots from the videos for most of the tracks on the first two CDs . A Twenty Five DVD was also released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "046e6dcbf994cf481ee9af16cb3eb3d6", "text": "Night Sports Night Sports is the fifth studio album by American duo 3OH ! 3 . The album is their first album released under Fueled By Ramen , where the band signed in February 2016 . The album was released on May 13 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "112db07b814e57b51ce110342e0a882d", "text": "Laadla (1994 film) Laadla ( translation : The Beloved Son ) is a Bollywood film released on 17 April 1994 , starring Sridevi , Anil Kapoor and Raveena Tandon . The film was notable because Divya Bharti was to star as the lead role Sheetal , filming most of the film . However , due to her untimely death in 1993 , Laadla was re-filmed with Sridevi in the lead role . Footage of late Divya Bharti as Sheetal is available on the internet . Laadla is the remake of Rajkumar 's blockbuster Kannada movie called Anuraga Aralithu ( 1986 ) . Laadla was a Box Office Hit dominated by Sridevi 's presence who was quite a big star at that time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a91c470b9c9c4ea407a9c428b92b0a", "text": "Anil Kapoor Anil Kapoor ( born 24 December 1956 ) is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in many Bollywood films , as well as international films and television series . His career has spanned almost 40 years as an actor , and as a producer since 2005 . He has won many awards in his career , including two National Film Awards and six Filmfare Awards in different acting categories . Kapoor made his Hindi film cameo appearance with Umesh Mehra 's Hamare Tumhare ( 1979 ) in a small role . He made his first debut film and then starred as a lead actor in the 1980 Telugu film , Vamsa Vruksham directed by Bapu . He then made his Kannada film debut with Mani Ratnam 's Pallavi Anu Pallavi ( 1983 ) . He received his first Filmfare Award , in the Best Supporting Actor category , for his role in Yash Chopra 's Mashaal ( 1984 ) . Kapoor earned his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in N. Chandra 's Tezaab ( 1988 ) and later again for his performance in Indra Kumar 's Beta ( 1992 ) . He has also starred in many other critically and commercially successful films : Meri Jung ( 1985 ) ; Karma ( 1986 ) ; Mr. India ( 1987 ) ; Virasat ( 1997 ) , for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor ; Taal ( 1999 ) , for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award ; Pukar ( 2000 ) , for which he won a National Film Award for Best Actor ; No Entry ( 2005 ) ; Dil Dhadakne Do ( 2015 ) for which he won his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award . Kapoor 's first role in an international film was in Danny Boyle 's Academy Award-winning film Slumdog Millionaire , for which he shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . His performance in the eighth season of the action series 24 generated rave reviews from the American press . Globally , Kapoor is one of the most recognised Indian actors .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9ddd0df1f8292c0bac79da40fd9530a5", "text": "Lacchimdeviki O Lekkundi Lacchimdeviki O Lekkundi ( LOL ) is a Telugu comedy thriller film directed by debutant Jagadish Talasila , who is a protege of acclaimed Indian director SS Rajamouli . Starring Naveen Chandra and Lavanya tripathi in lead roles . Popular music director M. M. Keeravani composed the music for the film . The film is being produced under Mayukha Creations banner by Sai Prasad Kamineni . It released globally on 29 January 2016 in 300 screens . It received mixed reviews from the critics but was a commercial success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f58cb1512fae81292b45d7bb8bd89a0b", "text": "Balakrishna (Kannada actor) Balakrishna ( 2 November 1913 -- 19 July 1995 ) was an Indian actor in the Kannada film industry . He was said to have a hearing problem and some say that he was totally deaf . However , he would catch the lip movements of the artists and would narrate the dialogues spontaneously . He was popular for his comic and villain roles in films like Muriyada Mane ( 1964 ) , Bangaarada Manushya ( 1972 ) , Gandhada Gudi ( 1973 ) and Kaamana Billu ( 1983 ) and appeared in over a hundred films that starred Rajkumar in the lead role . Balakrishna is known to have played the most number of roles in Kannada cinema , having appeared in over 560 films , and in variety of roles ; as a hero , villain , comedian , good Samaritan , loving father and a lunatic . Sudha Chandran is his ex-daughter in law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba9d3be7713f5a6c5acd0916746a9446", "text": "Ajay Naidu Ajay Kalahastri Naidu ( born February 12 , 1972 ) is an American actor . He is of Indian descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e74f1f7b53ddb6c65fc948300b19c7bc", "text": "Rajanala Nageswara Rao Rajanala Nageswara Rao better known as R. Nageswara Rao ( 1928 -- 1979 ) was an Indian film actor known for his works in Telugu cinema , and was one of the lead actors of his time . He is best known for his works in award winning hits such as Devadasu ( 1953 ) , Kanna Talli ( 1953 ) , Paropakaram ( 1953 ) , Raju Peda ( 1954 ) , Aggi Ramudu ( 1954 ) , Ilavelupu ( 1954 ) , Donga Ramudu ( 1955 ) , Maya Bazaar ( 1957 ) , and Pelli Naati Pramanalu ( 1958 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f95e699ae58db983454ba51661b0eb3", "text": "Hamsavardhan Hamsavardhan is an Indian film actor who has acted in Tamil language films . He is the son of noted actor Ravichandran .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a009ef60f7224a27922b7cc391f65636", "text": "Ashok (actor) Ashok ( born on 12 December 1981 ) in Thiruvaiyaru , Thanjavur District , Tamil Nadu ) is an Indian film actor who has appeared in Tamil language films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8cb78bc1d6b1db891e11bb2acec3776", "text": "Sohail Khan Sohail Khan ( born 20 December 1969 ) is an Indian film actor , director and producer who works predominantly in Hindi cinema . He is the younger brother of actors Salman Khan and Arbaaz Khan . He produces films under his banner Sohail Khan Productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a985cba6e00d646ad56506e50edda672", "text": "List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies . Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan . In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor . Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7a2c1c68491e751649a835389790cb9", "text": "Manzil Manzil Manzil Manzil is a 1984 Indian romantic drama film directed by Nasir Hussain and released in 1984 . The movie stars Kulbhushan Kharbanda , Dimple Kapadia , Sunny Deol , Prem Chopra , Danny Denzongpa , and Asha Parekh in a cameo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "296b2757c5820b156931a8ce70a6c0bb", "text": "Vishal Aditya Singh Vishal Aditya Singh also knowny as Vishal Singh is an Indian television actor , best known for his debut role as Lakhan Thakur in Begusarai ( TV series )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e781a6450d10157519c30e6ea8d967a", "text": "Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor is a Bollywood actor and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "445129fb6a115e91b0fbdb07bfe8d0c8", "text": "Nimai Bali Nimai Bali is an Indian actor who generally plays mythological supporting and villainous roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73cf065df23df69932b2cc3951d2763a", "text": "P. Leela Porayathu Leela ( 19 May 1934 -- 31 October 2005 ) , popularly known as P Leela , was an Indian playback singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f02e55156100d0ad2329de6e7377e5de", "text": "Siddharth Arora Siddharth Arora ( born 13 April 1988 ) is an Indian television actor . He made his television debut with the show Mukti Bandhan on COLORS and he made his Bollywood debut with the movie Yeh Jo Mohabbat Hai in 2012 , and also appeared as Beera in Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha Season 2 on COLORS . He is also played the lead character of Lord Krishna in Krishna Kanhaiya on SAB TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40b74152356557c60f42e5758bb024e0", "text": "Kanan Malhotra Kanan Malhotra ( कानन मल्होत्रा born 8 January 1987 in New Delhi is an Indian model and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c1965e075bd240a0b20b967ef0d4ba", "text": "Kalasala Babu Kalasala Babu is an Indian actor who has performed on stage , and in television serials and films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5af77d5f72abcd1beda3625c12ea688a", "text": "Nihal Silva Nihal Silva ( Sinhala : න හ ල ස ල ව ) ( 10 January 1954 -- 3 December 1989 ) was a Sri Lankan comedian and actor . He rose to fame playing Sajan Nallathambi in the play of the same name . The character was a stereotypical Tamil Hindu with a bald head , small moustache , police suit and Vibhuti , three lines of ash , on his forehead . The play Sajan Nallathambi was one of the first Sri Lankan plays to be a financial success . It was hugely popular , even playing in the Middle East to Sinhala audiences . After its run , a slew of similar comedies like Ralla , Commando Diyasena , and Vadamaarachi appeared in Sri Lankan theaters inspired by its success . Silva was born on January 10 , 1954 in Kirilapone and grew up in Nuwara Eliya , Sri Lanka . He came from a poor family , and began his theater career with Wesak dramas . He subsequently had roles in stage plays like Amal Biso and Le Kandulu . He first played Sajan Nallathambi in the play Neinage Suduwa by Daya Vayaman . Silva was shot to death by Sri Lanka Army soldiers as he ignored warnings and ran a checkpoint on December 3 , 1989 in Dehiwela ; he possibly did not understand the situation due to inebriation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd5429ef3f3bc18e015a733bddf644d1", "text": "Vineeth Vineeth ( born 23 August 1969 ) is an Indian film actor and classical dancer known for his works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and Tamil cinema . He was also starred in few Telugu , Kannada and Bollywood films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f8e9fc492ed1916a71016f45fd34f03", "text": "Lahari Lahari is a 1982 Indian Malayalam film , directed by TK Ramchand . The film stars Prema , Radhakrishnan , Raghavan and Ramakrishnan in lead roles . The film had musical score by G. Devarajan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc3c34466797714480bddc48548497b", "text": "Kinshuk Vaidya Kinshuk Vaidya ( born 5 April 1991 ) is an Indian film and television actor . He is widely known for his lead role of Sanju , a guy with a magical pencil , in the Star Plus 's highly successful children 's television series Shaka Laka Boom Boom , which made him a household name and earned him critical praise . He also worked alongside Kajol , Ajay Devgn and Rishi Kapoor in the children 's film Raju Chacha as Rahul Rai . Despite much anticipation , the film underperformed at the box-office . Vaidya made his comeback after more than a decade with the televion series Ek Rishta Saajhedari Kaplaying the leading role of Aryan Sethia , the series airs on Sony TV . He also appeared in one of the episodes of the anthological series Yeh Hai Aashiquithat aired on Bindass .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0eb82b659dac2cc8858022f77cc5e90c", "text": "Dwayne Johnson Dwayne Douglas Johnson ( born May 2 , 1972 ) , also known by his ring name , The Rock , is an American actor , producer , and professional wrestler . He holds both American and Canadian citizenships . Born in California and raised in New Zealand and the U.S. states of Hawaii and Pennsylvania , Johnson was a college football player for the University of Miami , where he won a national championship on the 1991 Miami Hurricanes football team . He later played for the Calgary Stampeders in the Canadian Football League and was cut two months into the 1995 season . This led him to become a professional wrestler like his grandfather , Peter Maivia , and his father , Rocky Johnson , from whom he also inherited his Canadian citizenship . Currently signed to WWE on a part-time contract , Johnson gained mainstream fame in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) from 1996 to 2004 as a major figure in the company 's Attitude Era , and was the first third-generation wrestler in the company 's history . He returned to wrestling part-time for WWE from 2011 to 2013 and continues to make sporadic non-wrestling appearances for the company . Johnson has 17 championship reigns in WWE , including 10 as a world champion , winning the WWF/WWE Championship eight times ( seventh reign was as WWE Undisputed Champion ) and the WCW/World Championship twice . He won the WWF Intercontinental Championship twice and the WWF Tag Team Championship five times . Johnson is the sixth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history and won the 2000 Royal Rumble . He is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time . Johnson 's autobiography The Rock Says ... , co-written with Joe Layden , was published in 2000 . It debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list , spent 20 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list , and sold 720,000 copies in hardcover alone . Johnson 's first leading film role was in The Scorpion King in 2002 . For this role , he was paid US$ 5.5 million , a world record for an actor in his first starring role . He has since appeared in various films , and become known for his ability to reinvigorate film franchises . One of his more prominent roles is Luke Hobbs in The Fast and the Furious franchise ; its most recent film , The Fate of the Furious , was released in 2017 and has grossed over $ 1.1 billion worldwide , making it the second highest-grossing film of 2017 and the twelfth highest-grossing film of all time . He hosted and produced The Hero , a reality competition series ; and has since continued to produce TV series and films through his production company Seven Bucks Productions , each of which he also stars in . Forbes listed Johnson No. 25 in the Top 100 Most Powerful Celebrities in 2013 . He was the world 's highest-paid actor of 2016 . Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 . In 2015 , Muscle & Fitness named Johnson their `` Man of the Century '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "815569e2d84ab2d9154bc8b189e084ea", "text": "Johnson Deng Johnson Deng is a South Sudanese footballer who currently plays as a midfielder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5839f64fcdf2dafee47bd4cb7bfceda", "text": "Race and ethnicity in the NHL The National Hockey League evolved from a mono-ethnic and primarily Canadian professional athletic league to span North America . The distribution of ethnic groups has been gradually changing since the inception of the NHL . The league consists of a variety of players from varying nationalities and diverse backgrounds . Once known as a league riddled with racism and exclusiveness , the NHL has made positive steps toward a more diverse and inclusive institution . According to statistics , gathered by www.quanthockey.com , the NHL began its expansion of player nationalities in the 1970s , where players hailed from the United States , Sweden , and Finland . The share of Canadians in the league dropped to 75 % by the 1980s and is now slightly less than 50 % . The NHL is composed of 93 % of players who designate themselves as white with the remaining 7 % of varying ethnicities . The NHL currently has 32 players of African-American descent . Some notable NHL stars of African-American descent are Dustin Byfuglien , Evander Kane , and Joel Ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "984ac3a6e9296ad33eb93d8c8b519912", "text": "Dwayne Harper Dwayne Harper ( born March 29 , 1966 ) is a former professional American football cornerback who played 12 seasons in the National Football League . He started in Super Bowl XXIX for the San Diego Chargers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8821d59ee846a618b8a99d7f2462d828", "text": "Multiracial Americans Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of `` two or more races '' . The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially ( cf. the one-drop rule ) . In the 2010 US census , approximately 9 million individuals , or 2.9 % of the population , self-identified as multiracial . There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number , but people live according to social and cultural identities , not DNA . Historical reasons , including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans , often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity , generally that of the culture in which they were raised . Prior to the mid-20th century , many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities . While many Americans may be biologically multiracial , they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally , any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries . After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era , and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country , more people are openly forming interracial unions . In addition , social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to `` pass '' as white . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States , such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos . Since the 1980s , the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement ( cf. Loving Day ) . Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins , the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial . In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States ; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American . Today , multiracial individuals are found in every corner of the country . Multiracial groups in the United States include many African Americans , Louisiana Creoles , Métis Americans , Mestizo Americans , Hapas , Melungeons , Lumbees , Houmas , and several other communities found primarily in the Eastern US . Many Native Americans are multiracial in ancestry while identifying fully as members of federally recognized tribes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca95e82b3633d7fe28d2da98322e6610", "text": "Anoaʻi family The Anoaʻi family , originating from American Samoa , is a family of professional wrestlers . Family members have comprised several tag teams and stables within a variety of promotions . Famous members of the family include Rikishi , Yokozuna , Roman Reigns , The Usos , and Dwayne Johnson In addition , Reverend Amituana'i Anoa'i and Peter Maivia were `` blood brothers '' , a connection that continued with Afa and Sika , who regard Peter as their uncle . Peter married Ofelia `` Lia '' Fuataga , who already had a daughter named Feagaimaleata ( Ata ) , whom he adopted and raised as his own . Ata married wrestler Rocky Johnson , and the couple became the parents of Dwayne Johnson , who wrestled under the names Rocky Maivia and The Rock , before establishing himself as an actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50f67944ed70cfc58fc051c308976b9b", "text": "John Johnson (linebacker) John Vernard Johnson ( born May 8 , 1968 ) is a former American football linebacker who played five seasons in the National Football League with the San Francisco 49ers , Cincinnati Bengals and New Orleans Saints . He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the second round of the 1991 NFL Draft . He played college football at Clemson University and attended LaGrange High School in LaGrange , Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13b93bd5673bc818778204ab2460f9ca", "text": "Dwayne Provo Dwayne Provo is a Canadian athlete , school administrator , and politician . Provo was born in North Preston , Nova Scotia ( one of Canada 's largest Black communities ) and attended university at Saint Mary 's University where he played Canadian football and was drafted in 1995 by the Saskatchewan Roughriders . He went on to play professional football in the Canadian Football League for 8 years ( as well as a brief stint in the National Football League ) . Since retiring from football he has taken further university studies and worked as a school administrator . In the 2006 Nova Scotia election , he ran as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the riding of Preston , but finished second to Liberal Keith Colwell . In 2009 , he ran again but placed third behind Colwell and New Democrat Janet Sutcliffe . He is a cousin to boxer Kirk Johnson and hockey player Evander Kane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c74b6244e6a6a9ff45a34f7227d335", "text": "Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey . After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2c0e22c321064179e4a4de61f57ce9", "text": "Dwayne Smith Dwayne Romel Smith ( born 12 April 1983 ) is a former Barbadian international cricketer who has represented the West Indies . The ( part-time ) all-rounder , he is known as an aggressive and powerful right-handed batsman , bowls medium pace , and is also an athletic fielder . Smith has played for Barbados since the start of his career but has also played three seasons for Sussex from 2008 -- 10 . He has become a sought-after Twenty20 player , making appearances in the Indian Premier League , for the Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians and the Deccan Chargers , and for New South Wales in the Australian domestic competition and for the Bangladesh Premier League in Khulna Royal Bengals for Pakistan Super League in Islamabad United . In March 2017 , Smith announced his retirement from international cricket .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9a2722d5b334a6546e167f066ed273b", "text": "Tjin-A-Djie family The Tjin-A-Djie family ( pronounced : Chin-Aaa-Jee ; popularity : rare/unique ) is a prominent gentry family from the country of Suriname with origins from China , France and Vietnam . They are one of the earliest Chinese families arriving in Suriname in the 1800s . The family is known for their significant , national successes ranging from trade to sports , which thrived throughout the latter part of Suriname 's history to the present day . Their success in Suriname began in the late Victorian era with the development into the agriculture sector with plantations . From this , the family expanded into other segments of industry and committees . Throughout history , members of the Tjin-A-Djie family have committed to developing various sectors of society involving baked goods and groceries , the Chinese association , import and export development , educational facilities , religious enterprises , politics , sports , and business . Today , the Tjin-A-Djie family continues to be a part of the Suriname Tennis Association , sponsoring the annual Opa Leo Tjin-A-Djie Tennis Tournament . Branches of the family today can be found predominantly in Suriname , with members residing in North America and Europe , such as in the Netherlands . Certain 21st century descendants can claim notoriety in their numerous ethnically diverse make-ups ; some as high as twelve different ethnicities including : Chinese , French , Vietnamese , Malaysian , Portuguese , Scottish , Dutch , German , Canadian , Surinamese , Native South American , and African . Their ancestor 's full name was Tjin-A-Djie , but according to the habits of the Chinese people , the root and base surname is Tjin . This is what makes this surname so unique to this family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d23a18a25c898682236ffe0c1ed78633", "text": "Dwayne Thomas Dwayne Virgil Thomas ( born April 22 , 1984 ) is an US Virgin Islands soccer player , who currently plays as a defender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f05c6c9d8f6b83674fea4776d6afa4", "text": "William D. Johnson William D. Johnson may refer to : William D. Johnson ( CEO ) ( born 1954 ) , American Chairman and CEO of Progress Energy William D. Johnson ( journalist ) , American journalist and labor activist William Daniel Johnson ( born 1954/55 ) , American attorney and white supremacist activist William Dartnell Johnson ( 1870 -- 1948 ) , Australian politician", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecec489a339550b7c7f7aaf61341027c", "text": "Sung Jun Huh Sung Jun Huh ( born 13 June 1992 ) is an American former football player who played for the Samsung Frankfurt Universe in the German Football League . He played at outside linebacker . He is possibly the only professional American football player , who is of Korean descent , besides Hines Ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809debc50290939b0a441d22a591fe44", "text": "Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans . Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common . In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f69702c8d9eb00ae19f7536d4a82e8", "text": "Richard S. Johnson Carl Richard Stanley Johnson ( born 15 October 1976 ) is a Swedish professional golfer . Johnson was born in Stockholm . His paternal grandfather is an American from New Jersey who settled in Sweden and married a Swede . Johnson played on the European Tour and won the ANZ Championship in 2002 . Johnson joined the PGA Tour in 2003 after successfully negotiating qualifying school . He has managed to gain at least partial status on the tour every year since . He placed in the top 50 of the money list in 2006 . He earned his card for the 2008 PGA Tour season at the 2007 PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament . He won his first title in 2008 , the U.S. Bank Championship in Milwaukee , but has not had much further PGA Tour success . Johnson won the Scandinavian Masters in 2010 on the European Tour . In 2016 , Johnson earned a European Tour card through Q School . Johnson was formerly a pro skateboarder . He also played handball and tennis in his youth . Johnson resides in Jupiter , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed49b2c7b3aebc7d20b8073da7d594a9", "text": "Neil Johnson (cricketer) Neil Clarkson Johnson ( born 24 January 1970 in Salisbury - now Harare ) is a former cricketer who played 13 Tests and 48 One Day Internationals for Zimbabwe between 1998 and 2000 . An all-rounder , he bowled right-arm fast-medium and played in the middle order as an aggressive left-handed batsman . He usually opened the batting in one-day cricket . Throughout his first-class career he spent time in both South Africa and England , playing for Boland , Eastern Province , Natal , Western Province , Leicestershire and Hampshire . Johnson was influential in Zimbabwe 's qualification to the Super Six stage of the 1999 World Cup . He won three Man-of-the-Match awards in the tournament . One of those awards came in his side 's surprise victory over eventual semi-finalists South Africa . Opening the batting , he top-scored with 76 before dismissing Gary Kirsten with the first ball of the South African chase . He then got rid of Jacques Kallis for a duck and finished with 3 for 27 . In the same tournament , he made an unbeaten 132 and took 2/43 against eventual champions Australia at Lord 's . Johnson is notable for having opened both the batting and bowling for his country in this World Cup . After the 2000 tour of England , Johnson retired from international cricket as a result of disputes over his payment from the Zimbabwe Cricket Union . He moved to South Africa , a country that he had lived in as a child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41512654283f1d2239c712b20fe3d5e8", "text": "John Johnson John Johnson may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63045e48844a8dfa2f7c77c4aa3cc217", "text": "Dennis Johnson (linebacker) Dennis Craig Johnson ( born June 19 , 1958 ) is a former professional American football linebacker in the National Football League . He played six seasons for the Minnesota Vikings ( 1980 -- 1985 ) and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers ( 1985 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "648bc45f5134a54e2055b461fc5e91f0", "text": "List of cricketers who have played for two international teams Twenty-six cricketers have represented two teams in top-level international cricket . Of those , fourteen have played Test cricket for two nations , nine have played One Day International ( ODI ) cricket for two teams , and four have played Twenty20 International ( T20I ) matches for two teams and two have played for two teams in different international formats . Four men have represented two team across multiple formats . Uniquely , Gavin Hamilton played his entire Test career solely for one team ( England ) and his entire ODI and T20I career for another ( Scotland ) and Ryan Campbell played his entire ODI career solely for one team ( Australia ) and his entire T20I career solely for another team ( Hong Kong ) . In the late-19th and early-20th centuries , players who had represented two international teams had been born in one country and moved to another with family . There were no clear rules on which nation one could represent , so switching was possible . More recently , citizenship has become the defining attribute as to whether a player can represent more than one international team . Billy Midwinter was the first cricketer to play for two nations during his career , playing two Test matches for Australia in 1877 before appearing for England in four Tests in 1881-82 . Within a year he was representing Australia once again . The Bulletin noted that `` In Australia he plays as an Englishman ; in England , as an Australian ; and he is always a credit to himself and his country ... whichever that may be . '' Four other Test cricketers switched allegiance from Australia to England in the late-19th century : Billy Murdoch , J. J. Ferris , Sammy Woods and Albert Trott . Both Frank Hearne and Frank Mitchell started their international careers playing for England but went on to play for the South African Test team . Three cricketers moved from representing India to Pakistan in the 1950s . John Traicos revived his Test career after playing for South Africa in 1970 , albeit briefly , when he featured for Zimbabwe in four Test matches in the early 1990s , more than 22 years after his previous international Test appearance . Kepler Wessels played both Test and ODI cricket for South Africa and Australia , while Guyana-born Clayton Lambert became the first cricketer to play just ODIs for two nations -- after playing eleven matches for the West Indies between 1990 and 1998 ( also five Tests ) , he played a single ODI for the United States in 2004 . Barbados-born Anderson Cummins made 63 ODI appearances for the West Indies before playing 13 times for Canada after a twelve-year gap . Both Dougie Brown and Ed Joyce began their international careers with England before switching teams , to Scotland and Ireland , while Eoin Morgan and Boyd Rankin made the opposite move , beginning with Ireland before switching to England . Luke Ronchi became the first player since Kepler Wessels to play for two Full Members of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) , making his ODI and T20I debuts for New Zealand in 2013 after having played for Australia in both formats five years earlier . The most recent cricketer to play for two teams in ODIs is Geraint Jones , who , after representing England in 34 Tests and 49 ODIs between 2004 and 2006 , made his ODI debut for Papua New Guinea in November 2014 . Note : These lists include only those players who have played Test matches , ODIs or T20Is accredited by the International Cricket Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a04fe7cf0f424f547e4040d6b42cbdf", "text": "Anthony Johnson Anthony Johnson may refer to :", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1022eaffedbf6cef7ebb78bda24b06b6", "text": "Hogwarts Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , shortened Hogwarts , is a fictional British school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen , and is the primary setting for the first six books in J.K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant ( Croton capitatus ) , which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series , although the names `` The Hogwarts '' and `` Hoggwart '' appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How To Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans . Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking , outranking Edinburgh 's Loretto School . According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings , it was added to the schools listing `` for fun '' and was then voted on .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce007bc7bd6876b62dde384f7bb8ab7", "text": "Tolkien's legendarium Tolkien 's legendarium is the term for the entirety of J. R. R. Tolkien 's mythopoetic writing that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings . Tolkien worked and re-worked the components of his legendarium throughout his adult life , or during a period of more than 50 years ; the earliest drafts , published in The Book of Lost Tales ( 1983 ) dating to 1916 . Colloquially , `` Middle-earth '' is popularly used as a shorthand for a `` canonical '' or mature form of Tolkien 's narrative , Middle-earth being Tolkien 's term for the inhabited part of the world in which most of his published stories were set . The mythological and cosmological background of Tolkien 's published works was sketched in the posthumously-published The Silmarillion ( 1977 ) , and in Tolkien studies as a field as it has developed since the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af492998021ac84b2b18cda76cc3973f", "text": "Fictional universe of The Hunger Games The Hunger Games universe is a fictional world appearing in The Hunger Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins . It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem , its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides , and the outlying districts , numbered 1 to 12 , each with a different economy . In addition , there is the secretive District 13 , where a rebel force is building strength . The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which citizens from the districts , selected through a process called `` reaping '' , are forced to participate in a battle to the death . The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna , such as the Mockingjay , a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device , and after whom the third book in the series is named .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0d041b9ff2b4aa929b26a6c0e5591dd", "text": "Setting (narrative) The setting is both the time and geographic location within a narrative or within a work of fiction . A literary element , the setting helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story . Setting has been referred to as story world or milieu to include a context ( especially society ) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story . Elements of setting may include culture , historical period , geography , and hour . Along with the plot , character , theme , and style , setting is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d0d2b7726f3f1f34c679f08d790117", "text": "Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions . Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original . Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01bd18c19e169a548089b6d402e076ec", "text": "Laws of Magic (The Dresden Files) The Laws of Magic are a set of rules governing the use of magic by wizards in the fictional world of The Dresden Files series of novels . Developed and enforced by the White Council , a fictional co-operative of magic Practitioners , the Laws of Magic are primarily intended to guard against the misuse of magic by wizards against humans . The White Council openly apply the Seven Laws on any person capable of doing magic , despite admitting only the most powerful practitioners to their ranks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ca59b5de5102e23e34fcb01f94f4f4", "text": "Minerva Press Minerva Press was a publishing house , noted for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction in the late 18th century and early 19th century . It was established by William Lane ( 1745 ? -1814 ) at No 33 Leadenhall Street , London , when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790 . Among his stable of writers were many female authors including Regina Maria Roche ( The Maid of Hamlet , 1793 ; Clermont , 1798 ) ; Mrs. Eliza Parsons ( The Castle of Wolfenbach , 1793 ; The Mysterious Warning , 1796 ) ; and Eleanor Sleath ( The Orphan of the Rhine , 1798 ) whose Gothic fiction is included in the list of the seven Northanger Horrid Novels , recommended by the character Isabella Thorpe in Jane Austen 's novel of similar name . Six of the Northanger Seven were published by Minerva . However many titles were anonymous , including such novels as Count Roderic 's Castle ( 1794 ) , The Haunted Castle ( 1794 ) , The Animated Skeleton ( 1798 ) and The New Monk ( 1798 ) , and the five novels of Helen Craik . Authors such as Emma Parker ( `` Emma de Lisle '' ) and Amelia de Beauclerc , who wrote for Minerva Press in the 1800s , are obscure today , and the market for Minerva 's books became negligible after the death of its charismatic founder . Lane was succeeded as proprietor of the Minerva Press by his partner , Anthony King ( A. K. ) Newman , who gradually dropped the Minerva name from his books ' title pages during the 1820s . Later books published by the press bear the imprint `` A. K. Newman & Co. . '' In the 20th century , the name Minerva Press was used by at least one publisher unconnected with the original firm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398", "text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71c3fab491d816f99ff96fa22fc80606", "text": "Heroic fantasy Heroic fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy which chronicles the tales of heroes in fantasy settings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a43228f6c3fdf44eddec1ea3083f9c1", "text": "The Dangerous Book for Boys The Dangerous Book for Boys , by Conn and Hal Iggulden , is a guidebook published by HarperCollins , aimed at boys `` from eight to eighty . '' It covers around eighty topics , including how to build a treehouse , grow a crystal , or tell direction with a watch . Also included are famous quotes , stories , battles , and phrases that `` every boy should know . '' It was published in the UK in June 2006 , and reached number one in the UK non-fiction charts several times , selling over half a million copies . Conn Iggulden also published a novel , Wolf of the Plains , about Genghis Khan , which , along with The Dangerous Book for Boys , allowed Iggulden to be the first author to reach the number one spot in both the fiction and non-fiction charts . Within the first week of its US publication on 1 May 2007 , it reached number two on the Amazon.com best-selling book lists , being outsold only by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . Other people who contributed to the success of the book include the editorial team at the time , which consisted of Katie Espiner and Clare Hey , and Helen Johnstone , who won the 2007 British Book Industry Award for best publicity campaign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e4fc07e4bdc3d40e1493e153376e926", "text": "So You Want to Be a Wizard So You Want To Be a Wizard is the first book in the Young Wizards series currently consisting of eleven books by Diane Duane . It was written in 1982 and published in the next year . In 2012 a revised `` New Millennium Edition '' was published . The plot follows Nita Callahan , a thirteen-year-old girl who discovers a book titled So You Want to Be a Wizard while hiding from bullies in a library . She brings the book home with her and discovers that it is about the art of wizardry . She does not completely trust the book 's claim that she can become a wizard if she takes the Wizard Oath , but she takes it nonetheless . The next day when she is out trying to do her first spell she meets Kit Rodriguez , another wizard . After they successfully complete a spell together , Nita 's doubts are gone : she is a wizard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f9e013663701164149ef7ec6230e766", "text": "Big Six energy suppliers The Big Six are the United Kingdom 's largest energy suppliers , supplying gas and electricity to over 50 million homes and businesses in Britain , with over 90 % share of domestic customers . `` Supplier '' is meant by the business of buying wholesale power ( or gas ) , paying network and government policy costs and charges , and charging the customers of that supplier , for their electricity ( or gas ) . The assets of a supplier , which is a separate licensed business , are its people , and its offices . The business of four of the big energy Suppliers , including of their wider company groups , does not entail owning , or running , any actual network assets - underground cables , overhead lines , or pipes - to physically deliver electricity or gas . The two exceptions to this , are the two big Scottish Supplier firms , whose wider company groups do own some network assets . Confusingly , the term `` Big Six '' has recently been used prominently in the British media to refer , instead , to Britain 's energy network firms such as UK Power Networks ( which are generally independent of the biggest six British energy suppliers ) . There has also been a tendency in the media to wrongly refer to electricity network firms as `` electricity suppliers '' , thus sowing further confusion and misunderstanding , The `` Big Six '' as the term has most often been used , tends to be a reference to the oldest British electricity companies ( which are all also involved in the retail Supply of gas ) plus British Gas . This comprises ( 1 ) British Gas ( owned by UK firm Centrica which is listed on the LSE ) , ( 2 ) EDF Energy ( owned by French firm Électricité de France which is listed on the Paris Stock Exchange , ( 3 ) npower , ( 4 ) E.ON UK ( each German-owned ) , ( 5 ) Scottish Power ( Spanish-owned ) , and ( 6 ) SSE ( listed on the LSE ) . According to SERIS , the generation businesses of the ` Big Six ' energy firms amount to around three-quarters of British generating capacity . Three out of the ` Big Ten ' generators in the UK can probably still be categorised as majority-owned by British shareholders ; the other seven are listed firms that are owned by their many shareholders , some of whom will be British , but many of whom may not be British . Figures from independent research group Cornwall Energy suggest that by September 2014 Britain 's big six energy companies had a 92.4 % share of the market -- a decrease from 99.8 % in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93b81ebb17f4e03cd63813999068237", "text": "Harry Potter Alliance The Harry Potter Alliance ( also known as the HPA ) is a nonprofit organization run primarily by Harry Potter fans . It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan . Since then , the organisation 's campaigns have focused on topics such as literacy , United States immigration reform , economic justice , gay rights , sexism , labor rights , mental health , body image , and climate change . They have received recognition from many popular figures in the Harry Potter community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b900a4c8c23ec452003f63db005f9a7", "text": "The Demon Headmaster (TV series) The Demon Headmaster is a British television series based on the children 's books by Gillian Cross of the same name . Made for CBBC , the drama was first broadcast between 1996 and 1998 . The first series contained six episodes , and aired twice weekly from 2 to 18 January 1996 , the second series contained seven episodes , and aired weekly from 25 September to 6 November 1996 , and the third series contained six episodes , and aired twice weekly from 6 to 22 January 1998 . School location scenes in the first series were filmed at Hatch End High School , in Hatch End , Harrow , North West London and The Royal Masonic School for Girls in Rickmansworth , Hertfordshire . Other scenes were filmed around West London , and the Vulcan Tower is in fact the building for Atrium in Uxbridge . CGI was used to make this building appear on an traffic island close to Warwick Avenue . Some scenes in the later series were filmed in the village of Sarratt , Hertfordshire and other locations in Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ef95db86f49aa12f774471733b6d7d04", "text": "Fight Club Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk . The film was directed by David Fincher , and stars Brad Pitt , Edward Norton and Helena Bonham Carter . Norton plays the unnamed protagonist , referred to as the narrator , who is discontented with his white-collar job . He forms a `` fight club '' with soap maker Tyler Durden , played by Pitt , and they are joined by men who also want to fight recreationally . The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a dissolute woman , Marla Singer , played by Bonham Carter . Palahniuk 's novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin , who hired Jim Uhls to write the film adaptation . Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered , and was selected because of his enthusiasm for the film . Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast and others in the film industry . The director and the cast compared the film to Rebel Without a Cause ( 1955 ) and The Graduate ( 1967 ) . They said its theme was the conflict between a generation of young people and the value system of advertising . The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuk 's novel to make audiences uncomfortable and keep them from anticipating the twist ending . Studio executives did not like the film and restructured Fincher 's intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses . Fight Club failed to meet the studio 's expectations at the box office and initially received polarizing reactions from critics , becoming one of the most controversial and talked-about films of the year . Critics praised the acting , directing , themes and messages but debated the explicit violence and moral ambiguity . Over time , however , reception towards the film has become largely positive with critics and audiences , finding critical and commercial success with its DVD release , which established Fight Club as a cult film . It is now regarded by many as one of the greatest films of the 1990s .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b34d5f595b394d5680f6eb83bd6eadf2", "text": "List of Sports Night characters Sports Night is an American comedy-drama which aired on ABC from September 1998 until May 2000 . The show goes behind the scenes at a fictional network sports round-up show , akin to ESPN show Sports Center , and the interactions on and off screen between the eccentric characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15cfdc058e59239f9fe83298f11b4d03", "text": "2005 in UFC The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with , UFC 51 : Super Saturday . The reality TV series The Ultimate Fighter and the UFC Ultimate Fight Night both premiered on Spike TV . The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale was the first ever live UFC broadcast on non-pay-per-view television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e165ae4ee41c131936050ba0bf68a497", "text": "Wrestling Reality Wrestling Reality was a documentary television series created by independent filmmaker Greg Hemmings , airing on The Fight Network . It followed the lives of a group of independent professional wrestlers in the Maritime provinces of Canada . The series consisted of a half-hour documentary portion , as well as an hour of televised matches and shoot interviews . A sneak peek of the premiere episode aired September 25 , 2007 , with the full series then airing in early November . The series tackled many behind-the-scenes issues in professional wrestling including drugs , steroids , and sex . The colour commentary and play-by-play was provided by 89.3 K-Rock announcer/Eastlink host Darrin Harvey . The show also airs in the United Kingdom on TWC Fight ! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9be7db6d1970266494875fbb9af96f4", "text": "Game of Arms Game of Arms is an American television series that debut February 25 , 2014 , on AMC . The series is a reality television show about American competitive arm wrestlers . The series follows arm wrestling clubs in Erie , Pennsylvania ; Kansas City , Missouri ; New York City ; Sacramento , California , and Baton Rouge , Louisiana . Prior to its broadcast , the series was initially known as King of Arms . On September 11 , 2014 , AMC renewed the series for a second season . However it canceled the series a month later in mid-production as part of the network ending nearly all their reality series and refocusing completely on fictional dramas for their original series output .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8a3ab838c8a9c75f3aae9805f67b7a0", "text": "Food fight A food fight is a form of chaotic collective behavior , in which food is thrown at others in the manner of projectiles . These projectiles are not made to harm or damage others , but to simply ignite a fight filled with spontaneous food throwing . Food fights may be impromptu examples of rebellion or violence ; however , they can also be planned events . For example , La Tomatina is a regularly held , organized Spanish food fight in which participants pelt each other with tomatoes . In organized food fights , the food `` weapons '' are usually all of one kind , or of a limited variety . An impromptu food fight will use whatever food is on hand . Food fights are a common element in slapstick comedy , with the pie in the face gag being especially prominent . Food fights are frequently featured in children 's television and books , usually as an example of destructive or reckless behavior . One famous food fight scene in a movie took place in National Lampoon 's Animal House . Another took place in Hook . Though usually associated with juvenile settings such as schools , there are notable incidents that take place in more official locations , such as the food fight at a lunch meeting of the Legislative Yuan of Taiwan . In Europe , some food fights evolved into traditional celebrations rooted either in the recent past such as the Spanish La Tomatina or in long-gone centuries such as the -LSB- 2 = Battle of the Oranges , Battaglia delle arance -RSB- during the Carnival of Ivrea in Italy . The Jerry Springer Show is well known for using food fights in certain episodes that involve a guest wanting to confront their friend or relative on a holiday special or trying to stop a wedding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c6721d3b0f099c9c2e97d23e8f602fe", "text": "Bengal Bouts The Bengal Bouts is an annual charity boxing tournament hosted by the Men 's Boxing Club at the University of Notre Dame airing on ESPN , with proceeds benefiting the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . Begun in 1920 by legendary football coach Knute Rockne to condition football players in the offseason , the tournament later expanded entry to any member of the student body . Under the guidance and direction of Dominic `` Nappy '' Napolitano , the charity aspect of the event flourished while following the Men 's Boxing Club mantra : `` Strong Bodies Fight , that Weak Bodies May Be Nourished . '' The training regimen requires novice boxers to receive instruction and conditioning in the fall , and returning fighters begin their mandatory workouts during an intensive 6-week period prior to the tournament . In current times , the Men 's Boxing Club membership has swelled to include over 230 students , ranging from first-year undergraduate students to graduate and law school students , with participants fighting across 12 weight classes . In 2010 , the Bengal Bouts helped generate a donation of $ 100,000 for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . This surpassed the $ 1,000,000 donated throughout the program 's existence . Originally held in the Notre Dame Fieldhouse , the tournament is currently held in the Joyce Center ( JACC ) and airs on ESPN . In 2005 , a sister program , named the Baraka Bouts , was instituted for women and benefits missions in East Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e021673d2bdce72c2659615c041f94c3", "text": "Super Fight League Super Fight League Is a mixed martial arts promotion , based in India The organisation was formed in 2012 by actor Sanjay Dutt and British Indian businessman Raj Kundra . Super Fight League has produced close to 50 live televised events broadcast on Colors , Neo Prime , ESPN Star Sports and on YouTube live worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30f2ca15ef304279ce59b358d06edc56", "text": "Pilot (Friday Night Lights) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights . The episode premiered on the NBC network on October 3 , 2006 . It introduces the men and women involved with the Dillon Panthers , a Texas high school football team . In the pilot episode , the team is preparing for the first game of the season , which will be the first game under new head coach Eric Taylor . The show is based on the 2004 film Friday Night Lights , which was in turn based on the 1990 non-fiction book Friday Night Lights : A Town , a Team , and a Dream by H. G. Bissinger . Peter Berg , who is Bissinger 's cousin and who directed the film , wrote and directed the pilot episode , and served as executive producer for the series . While some of the actors from the movie returned to act on the show , most of the actors were cast specifically for the television series . Critical reception of the show was good to average , with a general appreciation for the realistic portrayal of Middle America . Generally speaking , however , there were serious doubts about whether the show would be able to stay on the air very long , though it has since gone on to complete five seasons . The episode 's viewership of just over seven million was characterized as disappointing , though it did relatively well among men aged 18 to 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ab59c637a7a45dcb3ab9791b9cc8b8f", "text": "Athletes and domestic violence Domestic violence is one of the most common crimes among male athletes.There is an ongoing struggle among sporting leagues , governments , and viewers to address the increasing number of domestic violence incidents committed by athletes . The NFL , National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) , National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and the sport of Boxing employ and promote athletes who have committed domestic violence . Most prominent are instances of domestic violence that occur by members of the NFL , due largely to its immense popularity in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccff1bfd40b1190d3599cae1256b5e12", "text": "Fight Night (song) `` Fight Night '' is a song by American hip hop group Migos . It was released as a single on April 8 , 2014 by Quality Control Entertainment and 300 Entertainment . The song was included on their mixtape No Label 2 ( 2014 ) and was produced by Stack Boy Twan . It has since peaked at number 69 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the group 's third highest-charting single to date . A remix was made by fellow American rapper Tyga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09f9d100ee95eaff2dd3cd48bb89594", "text": "World Fighting Alliance The World Fighting Alliance was a mixed martial arts organization based in the United States . Owned and organized by MMA legend and trainer John Lewis ( Promoter/Match Maker ) and nightclub operator and `` Club Rubber '' promoter John Huntington ( Producer ) along with Lawyer Louis Palazzo ( Investor ) , the WFA began promoting events after the Nevada State Athletic Commission began sanctioning mixed martial arts . The Las Vegas-based promotion , unlike its cross-town rival , the Ultimate Fighting Championship , featured a nightclub environment and a slogan of `` Where the fight club meets the Night Club '' . Sexy and flashy , its events featured several scantily-clad ring girls between rounds and go-go dancers between fights , and plenty of loud music , including guest performers like Ice-T . However , in an incident at Level 3 which seriously harmed the promotion 's reputation , credentialed photographers were ejected by venue security from their areas and were forced to move to where they could not take acceptable pictures . The inconvenience caused by the ejection was substantial , some writers at the event were forced to track down their photographers and leave their beat , while some offended editors decided to yank coverage of the event altogether . While the difficulties of the last event did not seem to deter the promotion and the promoters promised a Level 4 , Lewis and Huntington did not promote another WFA event since , and the promotion was assumed to be defunct . After a rise of interest in mixed martial arts in the United States in 2005 , the WFA reemerged with new ownership and began an aggressive program to establish itself as a new major mixed martial arts promotion . The owners , Ross Goodman and Louis Palazzo , both attorneys from Las Vegas , began by signing contracts with several of the biggest free agents on the market , including former UFC middleweight contender and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland , PRIDE middleweight contender Quinton Jackson , retired UFC and Pancrase champion Bas Rutten , former top-ranked Bantamweight fighter Urijah Faber , and former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez . In their recruitment efforts , they also came close to signing Tito Ortiz before he was enticed by an offer from the UFC . The fruits of their acquisitions culminated in WFA : King of the Streets on July 22 , 2006 , a pay-per-view broadcast event at the Forum in Inglewood , California . The card was headed by a main event of Quinton Jackson vs. Matt Lindland , Jackson 's first fight on American soil since becoming a headliner in PRIDE , and featured famed boxing broadcaster Barry Tompkins and wrestling star Bill Goldberg at the announce desk . Despite heavy expectations and an aggressive marketing campaign , including a pre-event special broadcast on Showtime , the event only attracted a crowd of over 5,000 , with only 2,300 tickets sold . Pay-per-view buys were also low , reportedly under 50,000 . Despite the disappointing numbers , and rumors of financial troubles , the WFA announced their next event , WFA : King of the Streets II at Aladdin Resort and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada scheduled for December 9 , 2006 . However , the event was then postponed until early 2007 for undisclosed reasons . On November 15 , 2006 , the WFA 's CEO , Jeremy Lappen , sued the WFA and its owners for breach of contract , claiming he has not been paid since June 2006 , a few weeks before King of the Streets . Finally on December 11 , 2006 , Zuffa , the parent company of rival promotion UFC , announced it had acquired select assets of the WFA , including the contracts of WFA fighters . The WFA afterward ceased operations per the sale agreement . The WFA brand was revived in THQ 's video game UFC Undisputed 2010 , an update to their wildly popular multi-platform MMA video game UFC 2009 Undisputed . In the game 's career mode , which mimics that of an actual MMA fighter , players start off in the WFA and after a certain amount of success are invited to the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d5a15b24621eedb38355d57e37185c7", "text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos The Ultimate Fighter : Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos is the thirteenth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter . The UFC and Spike TV held open tryouts on November 4 , 2010 , in Las Vegas , Nevada . The casting call went out for Welterweight and Middleweight fighters , however , all fighters will be in the welterweight division . All fighters applying and trying out for the show must have at least three professional fights and be at least 21 years of age . Notables who turned up to the tryouts included Strikeforce veterans Karl Amoussou , Andre Galvao , and Zak Cummings , and former TUF contestants Frank Lester and Jeremiah Riggs . It was confirmed during the Fight For The Troops 2 conference call that Brock Lesnar and Junior dos Santos would be the coaches for this season . This season did not feature an elimination round like the two seasons before it , however , the `` wild card '' selections introduced in season 11 were still featured . The initial cast was 14 fighters rather than the usual 16 , 28 or 32 in recent seasons . On May 12 , 2011 , midway through the airing of the season , Dana White announced that Brock Lesnar pulled out of the coaches ' fight due to the return of diverticulitis , forcing Lesnar to withdraw from the bout .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ee37b93426b8d47dd88c6a6e430dbc", "text": "Battle Athletes is a Japanese series produced by the AIC studio and released as an original video animation ( OVA ) and a manga by Yūki Nakano , and later aired as an anime television series on TV Tokyo in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a008be36a9ed3b247adef7fdc4d82297", "text": "World Combat Games The World Combat Games are an international multi-sport event featuring combat sports and martial arts . Fifteen Olympic and non-Olympic sports are currently on the programme : aikido , boxing , fencing , judo , ju-jitsu , karate , kendo , kickboxing , Muay Thai , sambo , savate , sumo , taekwondo , wrestling and wushu . The World Combat Games were initiated by SportAccord , the umbrella organisation for international sports federations and organizers of sports events , in order to bring these sports closer to a worldwide public . The World Combat Games are accompanied by a cultural program that reflects the ancient traditions and values of martial arts as well as their contribution to modern society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12915c7525b7ddce3a488696675d23cd", "text": "1994 United States broadcast TV realignment The 1994 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events , primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations , that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company ( commonly known as simply Fox ) and New World Communications , a media company that -- through its then-recently formed broadcasting division -- owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks , primarily CBS . The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage , in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference ( NFC ) television package , which the National Football League ( NFL ) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993 . As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World , most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse , the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history . As a result of this realignment , Fox ascended to the status of a major television network , comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks ( CBS , NBC and ABC ) . Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 ( although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997 , through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals ) , which -- along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network ( a joint venture between Time Warner , the Tribune Company and the network 's founding chief executive officer , Jamie Kellner ) and the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) ( founded by Chris-Craft/United Television , through a programming partnership with Paramount Television ) , both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements -- marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5d5f7382437bb5ff83792c427acd56", "text": "Art Davie Art Davie is a business executive and entrepreneur formerly active in Southern California advertising circles . In 1993 , he created and co-produced the tournament which became the televised Ultimate Fighting Championship . In 1998 , Davie , as vice-president of K-1 USA , brought the successful K-1 kickboxing franchise from Japan to Las Vegas and North American pay-per-view television . In 2003 , Davie was an executive producer with Mandalay Sports Entertainment . In 2006 , he became vice-president of television at Paradigm Entertainment Group . In 2014 , Ascend Books published Davie 's book , Is This Legal ? : The Inside Story of the First UFC from the Man Who Created It . Sean Wheelock assisted in the book 's research and writing . In November 2014 , Davie was inducted into the Legends of MMA Hall of Fame , alongside Big John McCarthy , Pat Miletich , Fedor Emelianenko , and Rickson Gracie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c67576118df9bb1370e0ea97b125da7", "text": "Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States . ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) . ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling . On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "97d1001b6a255c505f6ddead43f0f905", "text": "California Gurls `` California Gurls '' is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her third studio album , Teenage Dream ( 2010 ) . The song features verses from rapper Snoop Dogg . Both artists co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its co-producers Dr. Luke and Max Martin , with additional production from Benny Blanco . According to Perry , the song is an answer song to `` Empire State of Mind '' ( 2009 ) , by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys . `` California Gurls '' is a midtempo disco-pop , and funk-pop song , with influences of new wave , and electropop . Its lyrics are an ode to the state of California , in which both Perry and Snoop Dogg were born and raised . `` California Gurls '' garnered positive reviews from music critics , with the majority of them labeling it a `` summer anthem '' , as well as complimenting its production and chorus . Originally intended to be sent to mainstream and rhythmic airplay on May 25 , 2010 , the song debuted on May 7 , 2010 , after clips from the Teenage Dream album were leaked online . It was subsequently released to iTunes on May 11 , 2010 as the album 's lead single . The song was a worldwide success , peaking at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks , giving Perry her second US number-one single in and Snoop Dogg his third . The song reached number-one in ten other countries , including Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom . A music video for the song was released on June 15 , 2010 , and features Perry and her dancers as pieces of a board game , set in the fictional `` Candyfornia '' . Perry has said that the inspiration behind the video was artist Will Cotton , who was also the artistic director of the video . It has been noted that the video is influenced by several other works , including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland , and the board game Candyland . On December 2 , 2010 , the song received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . In 2012 , Billboard ranked the song number one on a special The 30 Summer Songs of All Time listing .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9b169d15982cc3c1f8a91f8a5848ddb0", "text": "The Vandals Play Really Bad Original Country Tunes The Vandals Play Really Bad Original Country Tunes is an album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals , released in 1999 by Kung Fu Records . Essentially a re-release of their 1989 album Slippery When Ill , it contains 8 of the 10 songs from that album along with 2 newer , previously unavailable songs . Part of the impetus for its release was that the original Slippery When Ill , long asked for by the band 's fans , had become very rare and difficult to obtain due to the small size of the record labels it was originally released on . With their Kung Fu label ( founded in 1996 by Vandals members Joe Escalante and Warren Fitzgerald ) now firmly established , the band was able to re-release this music from ten years earlier in their career . The original Slippery When Ill album represented a turning point in the history of the Vandals . It was their first album to feature Dave Quackenbush on vocals , who would remain the band 's singer throughout the rest of their career . It was also something of a departure from the punk rock formula of their previous releases , fusing a country and western style with their humorous brand of punk . The result was a sound the band called `` cowpunk '' which somewhat mocked the resurgence in popularity of country music in their native Huntington Beach . Two exceptions were the songs `` Shi'ite Punk '' and '' ( Illa Zilla ) Lady Killa , '' which relied heavily on scratch boxes . These songs were left off Country Tunes and replaced with the more country-sounding `` Play That Country Tuba , Cowboy '' and `` Complain . '' `` Shi'ite Punk '' was re-issued the following year on the special anniversary re-release of their album Fear of a Punk Planet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c7af7f764dcd430f6288eb813736ee8", "text": "Hunx and His Punx Hunx and His Punx is an American punk band from San Francisco , California . Hunx , real name Seth Bogart , started the band in 2008 after years of performing in a gay pop group called Gravy Train !!!! The group 's sound has been compared to girl groups and is a mix of punk and bubblegum music . The band played its first national tour of the United States alongside Jay Reatard and Nobunny in 2009 . The band officially released its debut singles compilation album Gay Singles in 2010 on True Panther Sounds in the US and Born Bad in France . Hunx used to co-own ` Down At Lulu 's ' , a hair salon in Oakland , California , but sold it in 2011 . In January 2010 , Hunx began a tour featuring an all-girl backing band . The new line-up has been identified on the tour and in new songs such as `` Lovers Lane '' as Hunx and His Punkettes . In March 2010 , the band played in a tribute concert for the recently deceased Jay Reatard . In May 2010 , LensCrafters began airing a commercial featuring a short audio clip of `` Gimmie Gimmie Back Your Love . '' In October 2010 , Hunx and His Punx signed to Hardly Art . The band 's debut album for the label , Too Young to Be in Love , was released in April 2011 . It was produced in New York City by Ivan Julian of Richard Hell and The Voidoids . In June 2011 , Hunx announced that they would be playing their last show with the `` Punkettes '' due to Hunx and His Punx guitarists Amy Blaustein and Michelle Santamaria quitting . He then moved to Los Angeles . In February 2012 , Hunx released a solo album titled Hairdresser Blues on Hardly Art . In 2016 , he released his second solo album Seth Bogart under his birth name on Burger , featuring collaborations from Kathleen Hanna and Tavi Gevinson . Hunx and His Punx now consists of Seth Bogart , Shannon Shaw and Erin Emslie . They released Street Punk in 2013 and toured with a new guitarist Nik Johnson . In 2014 they released a greatest hits for their Japan Leg of Street Punk tour . Seth Bogart has since opened his own clothing line called Wacky Wacko that has been seen on some of his idols Miley Cyrus and Kathleen Hanna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a4b54fcdca649e93c4f5f6b8dfbd36", "text": "The Untouchables (Los Angeles band) The Untouchables are a soul/mod revival band from the Silver Lake , Los Angeles , California area . Described by original lead singer Kevin Long as `` mods who played ska music , '' The Untouchables are credited with being America 's first ska band . They formed in 1981 as part of the embryonic L.A. mod revival , after being inspired by the ska revival/punk rock band The Boxboys . Since some could n't play instruments , they either hastily learned , or became vocalists . The original lineup included : Kevin Long ( vocals ) , Chuck Askerneese ( vocals ) , Terry Ellsworth ( rhythm guitar ) , Clyde Grimes ( guitar ) , Rob Lampron ( drums ) , Herman Askerneese ( bass ) and Jerry Miller ( vocals , timbales ) . After a shaky start playing at parties , the integrated septet were eventually booked at the O.N. Klub ( known as the On to regulars ) . The band had guaranteed the club that they would pack the venue , and they did not disappoint . In middle of that year , they released their first ( ska-styled ) 7 '' single , copies of which were snapped up by local mods . Late in 1982 , the band began a stint as the house band at the Roxy Theatre . Terry Ellsworth left the band in the summer of 1983 , at the height of the California mod revival . Josh Harris was added on keyboards , Timothy Moynahan on trombone and Will Donato ( who became a successful smooth jazz artist ) started on sax . Their second single , `` The General , '' became a minor local hit , despite poor distribution . The band performed `` The General '' in the 1984 comedy The Party Animal , and they appeared as a scooter gang in the movie Repo Man . In early 1984 , they were signed to Stiff Records . Concerts with The B-52 's , Black Uhuru , Bow Wow Wow , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Fishbone , No Doubt and X all over California gave the group a disparate following of whites , blacks , mods , punks , surfers and rockabilly fans , with the local performances drawing up to 1,500 people . The band also appeared in the 1984 film Surf II , performing `` Dance Beat '' , and 1987 's No Man 's Land , performing `` What 's Gone Wrong '' . Vocalist Kevin Long ( who had named the band ) left in 1984 . Guitarist Clyde Grimes took on more vocal leads , and in 1984 the band recorded `` Free Yourself '' , which became very popular , especially in the United Kingdom where it was a # 26 hit in April 1985 . The band has gone through many lineup changes since then , and as of 2006 , only vocalist Jerry Miller remains from the original lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8ad39933601602d21dce03701204ea6", "text": "Buona Vita Buona Vita ( English : Good Life ; Greek : Ωραία Ζωή ) is the 1st Italian and 18th studio album by Greek recording artist Katy Garbi . The album will be released commercially in Italy on June 8 , 2013 by EGEA Music , with releases in various European locations thereafter . The album was produced by well-known Italian Producer Alberto Zeppieri . The album contains 12 newly recorded tracks , all Italian remakes of Garbi 's hits as well as some well-known Italian tracks , including 5 duets with well-known Italian artists such as Ornella Vanoni and Carlo Marrale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2656355a834b0150d03bd2ae1e68ea2", "text": "Calibraska (EP) Calibraska is an extended play ( EP ) by the American pop-rap duo Jack & Jack . Their debut extended play , Calibraska was independently released by the duo via the Philip J. Kaplan digital music distributor DistroKid on July 24 , 2015 . The title is a portmanteau of the U.S. states Nebraska , where the duo originate , and California , where they are now based . Within hours of its release , Calibraska charted at No. 1 on the iTunes on the U.S. iTunes albums chart ahead of DS2 by Future and 1989 by Taylor Swift .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c794759d94b0ecc708b25b2955a211dc", "text": "List of songs written by Bonnie McKee American singer and songwriter Bonnie McKee has co-written eight number-one singles , which have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide combined . Her debut album Trouble was released in September 2004 . She singlehandedly wrote all but one song on the album , some when she was 14 and 15 years old . A standalone single , `` American Girl , '' was released in 2013 . An album was due for release in spring of 2014 but , by the end of the year , had not yet materialized , Instead , an EP , Bombastic was released in June 2015 . McKee also has over 50 songwriting credits for songs that have been recorded by other artists . Eight of these have topped either the British or the American charts . McKee has collaborated with pop singer Katy Perry , and the pair have written five of Perry 's number-one singles together : `` California Gurls '' , `` Teenage Dream '' , `` Last Friday Night ( T.G.I.F. ) '' , `` Part of Me '' and `` Roar '' . McKee has also written four other songs recorded by Perry . She co-wrote five songs on Britney Spears ' seventh studio album Femme Fatale , including `` Hold It Against Me '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 . McKee has co-written two singles that reached the number-one position on the UK Singles Chart : `` Dynamite '' by Taio Cruz and `` How We Do ( Party ) '' by Rita Ora . `` Dynamite '' became the second-best-selling song by a British artist in the digital era . In 2012 , McKee co-wrote three songs on Adam Lambert 's album Trespassing and two songs for Ke $ ha 's album Warrior , `` C'Mon '' and `` Supernatural '' , the former of which served as the second single from the record . She also co-wrote two songs that appear on Leona Lewis ' album Glassheart , including the album 's second single `` Lovebird '' . McKee has also co-written songs that have been recorded by Christina Aguilera , Kelly Clarkson , Cher , Carly Rae Jepsen and Ellie Goulding among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f93112c628133c23018b01da2a27f2", "text": "Killer Queen by Katy Perry Killer Queen by Katy Perry is a fragrance created by American singer Katy Perry and Coty Inc. . The fragrance was released in 2013 , and follows her first two fragrances Purr and Meow ! . The perfume comes in a box that is red with gold touches , and the bottle is shaped like a red ruby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b9b27c3ab5d3dd31dd1224b29d03097", "text": "Move to the Beat Move to the Beat is the name of Coca-Cola 's promotional campaign for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . `` Anywhere in the World '' , the song by Mark Ronson and Katy B is the `` centerpiece '' of the campaign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e423f23251c8fbf2d4978eacd226cd48", "text": "California (Wilson Phillips album) California '' is the third studio album and the first cover album by American female group Wilson Phillips . The group reunited in 2003 to record it . It is their first studio album in twelve years . The album peaked at # 35 on the charts , and it sold 31,000 copies during the first week of its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07ae333e1e71d5ab8f05e8cdfdab2d19", "text": "LP (singer) Laura Pergolizzi ( born March 18 , 1981 ) is an American pop singer and songwriter , originally from Long Island , New York , who performs under the stage name LP . She moved to Los Angeles in 2010 . She has released three albums and one EP . As a songwriter , she has written for Cher , Rihanna , the Backstreet Boys and Christina Aguilera , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bd6f0ea9581bf806b473645243a01b1", "text": "Made in California Made in California ( 1962 -- 2012 ) is a compilation box set by the Beach Boys , released on August 27 , 2013 . The set is released through Capitol Records and is packaged in a form emulating a high school yearbook . The set contains six CDs with tracks that span the band 's entire career , including outtakes , demos , B-sides , rarities , alternate takes and versions , over 60 previously unreleased . It supersedes the theretofore career-spanning 1993 box set Good Vibrations : Thirty Years of The Beach Boys , which followed a similar premise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7924fc2cb2fa6729f29ed783c536a446", "text": "Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder . Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues . Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40e13998f94bdc592ccc0be6040e6aae", "text": "Goodbye for Now (song) `` Goodbye for Now '' is a song by P.O.D. and the lead single from their sixth studio album , Testify , released in 2006 . It contains a young Katy Perry vamping over the final chorus of the song . The track was later included on Greatest Hits : The Atlantic Years in 2006 . `` Goodbye for Now '' received considerable radio play and was used in promotional videos for the film The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe . It is the band 's most successful single since 2002 's `` Youth of the Nation '' and reached No. 48 on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 31 , 2006 ( making it their third Hot 100 entry and Top 50 hit ) , No. 41 on the Billboard Pop 100 , No. 25 on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks , and No. 17 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks . The song 's music video also reached the No. 1 spot on MTV 's TRL and became P.O.D. 's fourth No. 1 video . Musically , `` Goodbye for Now '' reintroduced rap vocals to P.O.D. 's singles catalog ; the style had not been prominently heard on any single since 2002 's `` Satellite . '' The song also emphasizes clean melody and vocal harmony while lacking any heavy guitar work . Katy Perry 's drawn out backup vocals enter during the final chorus shortly before the song comes to an end . P.O.D. frontman Sonny Sandoval described the feel and meaning behind `` Goodbye for Now '' in an MTV interview : `` It 's more of a laid-back track , it 's more of a vibe track , it 's definitely not the heavy side of P.O.D. , but lyrically it 's a hopeful song ... We know with just dealing with the people around us and just coming across so many people that there are a lot of people struggling out there . And being that positive influence that we like to have in our music , we are just trying to encourage people . No matter how bad today is , tomorrow has a bright promise and a bright future . There 's a lyric that says , ` If joy really comes in the morning time / Then I 'm going to sit back and wait until the next sunrise . ' And in our faith , we believe that joy does come in the morning time , so just hold on and hang out and tomorrow is a whole different day . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae90ccb774b113b7bf1bf0942f23d193", "text": "Calm Down Gurrl Calm Down Gurrl is the sixth album and seventeenth Bravo stand-up comedy special by stand-up comedian Kathy Griffin and nineteenth overall . It was televised live from the Wells Fargo Center for the Arts in Santa Rosa , California on on Bravo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e3b6df7c790a7328180bf240fde1f96", "text": "California 37 (album) California 37 is the sixth studio album from California rock band Train . The album was released on April 13 , 2012 through Columbia Records . It is the last Train album to feature drummer Scott Underwood before his departure in 2014 and the last recorded as a three-piece . It was preceded by the lead single `` Drive By '' on January 10 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f8fd8ef5271046ec7365a9b506e336", "text": "California Stars (song) `` California Stars '' is an American folk song with lyrics by Woody Guthrie . Guthrie never recorded the song , but in 1998 it was recorded as part of Mermaid Avenue , a collection of Guthrie 's work that was put to music and recorded by British singer Billy Bragg and the American band Wilco . Music for the song was ultimately composed by Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy and guitarist Jay Bennett . In 1992 , Guthrie 's estate asked Bragg to set `` California Stars '' and other unrecorded works to music in what would become Mermaid Avenue . No date is known for the creation of the original lyrics , which could have taken place any time from the 1940 's to Guthrie 's death in 1967 . The lyrics are simple but surreal , describing the singer lying under the California sky and dreaming of lying with a lover on a `` bed '' of stars . A `` California Star '' is a complex geometric pattern used in making quilts , which could have been an influence on Guthrie 's writing , lending a more literal interpretation to the phrase `` a bed of California Stars . '' Wilco has frequently performed the song live , and it is one of their most popular recordings . Since being set to music , the song has been recorded and released by other musicians , including Bob Seger on his 2014 album Ride Out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43c7404b03f21295e3697afe1a71985e", "text": "Katy La Oruga Katy , la Oruga ( `` Katy , the Caterpillar '' ) is a special single by Lucerito , this single was a gift for the purchase of the Discopóster Magazine . First edition was released on 1984 . The songs from this single were included in the soundtrack of the Spanish-Mexican animated film of 1983 produced by Fabian Arnaud and directed by José Luis Moro and Santiago Moro and is based from an original story by Silvia Roche .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebfb6bdccabe05d0c00fc1cacd771b2a", "text": "Sunshine pop Sunshine pop ( originally `` soft pop '' ) is a subgenre of pop music originating in Southern California in the mid-1960s , although it only acquired the name later . Rooted in easy-listening , advertising jingles , and the growing drug culture , sunshine pop acts purveyed a lightly produced style that combined nostalgic or anxious moods with `` an appreciation for the beauty of the world '' . It began as an outgrowth of the 1960s California Sound and folk rock movements , largely consisting of lesser-known artists who imitated more popular groups like the Beach Boys , the Mamas & the Papas , and the 5th Dimension . While the Beach Boys are noted as prominent influences , they rarely worked in the genre . Sunshine pop is characterized by lush vocals and light arrangements similar to samba music . In some ways the genre is similar to baroque pop music through being elaborate and melancholic , though it also crossed into folk pop and Brill Building styles . Sunshine pop enjoyed mainstream success in the latter half of the decade , with many of its top 40 hits peaking in the spring and summer of 1967 , especially just before the Summer of Love . Popular bands include the Mamas & the Papas , the Turtles , and the Association . Other acts , like the Millennium , Sagittarius , and the Yellow Balloon were less successful but gained a cult following years later ; with albums like Begin ( 1968 ) and Present Tense ( 1968 ) highly sought-after on the collectors ' market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fb8d9d455cccf5271cb58168748d17", "text": "Greetings from California Greetings from California is the debut studio album by The Madden Brothers , whose members consist of Joel and Benji Madden from pop punk band Good Charlotte , which was released on September 16 , 2014 in the United States . The album 's first single , `` We Are Done '' , premiered on May 30 , 2014 on 102.7 KIIS FM . The music video for the single premiered on June 30 , 2014 and on July 7 , 2014 , `` We Are Done '' reached # 1 on the Australian iTunes songs chart . The album was made available for pre-ordering on the iTunes Store on July 4 , 2014 with `` California Rain '' made available for immediate download . The album is split into two `` sides '' . The first filled with upbeat , sunny pop rock produced by their long-time collaborator Eric Valentine , who also produced Good Charlotte 's The Young and the Hopeless and The Chronicles of Life and Death . Side two is produced by Joe Chiccarelli , is inspired by `` 70s-era FM pop . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70917eeefaf6a92dffc5645847187605", "text": "Sara Bareilles discography American singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles has released five studio albums , two demo albums , three live albums , five extended plays , eleven singles and nine music videos . After graduating from University of California , Los Angeles , Bareilles independently released her debut album Careful Confessions in January 2004 . In 2005 , music executive Charlie Walk signed her to a record deal with Epic Records . A year after , she began to work with Eric Rosse on her second studio album , Little Voice , which featured re-recorded songs that were originally on Careful Confessions . Little Voice was released on July 2007 and entered the Billboard 200 chart in the United States at number 45 , which marked as her chart debut . The album became a commercial success , it peaked on the chart at number 7 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for shipments of one million copies in the United States , subsequently becoming her most successful studio album to date . Its lead single , `` Love Song '' , became a worldwide hit , charting at the top-ten in many regions . Epic released two additional singles , `` Bottle It Up '' and `` Gravity '' , from Little Voice . After experiencing a writer 's block , she began to work for her third studio album with Neal Avron in 2009 . The album , Kaleidoscope Heart , was released on September 2010 and debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 chart . Its lead single , `` King of Anything '' , became a top-forty hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , and was succeeded by `` Uncharted '' and `` Gon na Get Over You '' as the album 's subsequent single releases . In 2013 , Bareilles began to work for her fourth studio album , The Blessed Unrest , after moving to New York City . The album was released on July 2013 and entered the Billboard 200 chart at number 2 . Two singles , `` Brave '' and `` I Choose You '' , were released from The Blessed Unrest , with `` Brave '' surpassing `` Love Song '' as her longest-staying song on the Billboard Hot 100 . According to Epic Records , Bareilles has sold over 1.75 million albums and 9 million singles in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4e2dc0e787c42259f75ddcd686221f69", "text": "The Muse (1999 film) The Muse is a 1999 comedy film starring Albert Brooks , Sharon Stone , Andie MacDowell and Jeff Bridges , directed by Brooks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "727a5f81ecdf15d23a0036c430cc3ea6", "text": "Real Life (1979 film) Real Life is a 1979 American comedy film starring Albert Brooks ( in his directorial debut ) , who also co-authored the screenplay . It is a spoof of the 1973 reality television program An American Family and portrays a documentary filmmaker named Albert Brooks who attempts to live with and film a dysfunctional family for one full year . Charles Grodin co-stars as the family 's patriarch who consents to permit cameras in his Arizona home . Real-life producer Jennings Lang also has an acting role in Real Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae1bc443c28cbc1c4a97b19c61a83f4", "text": "Patricia Brooks Patricia Brooks ( November 7 , 1937 -- January 22 , 1993 ) , was a lyric soprano , actress , and opera singer , who performed primarily with the New York City Opera . She was known for her acting ability as much as for her voice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6561287ebef902162777090e28cf30f7", "text": "I'm from Missouri I 'm from Missouri is a 1939 American comedy film directed by Theodore Reed and written by Duke Atteberry and Jack Moffitt . The film stars Bob Burns , Gladys George , Gene Lockhart , Judith Barrett , William `` Bill '' Henry and Patricia Morison . The film was released on April 7 , 1939 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbc63f7beb005cb0caada8b3d8fdb17a", "text": "Springtime in the Rockies Springtime in the Rockies is an American Technicolor musical comedy film released by Twentieth Century Fox in 1942 . It stars Betty Grable , with support from John Payne , Carmen Miranda , Cesar Romero , Charlotte Greenwood , and Edward Everett Horton . Also appearing were Grable 's future husband Harry James and his band . The director was Irving Cummings . The screenplay was based on the short story `` Second Honeymoon '' by Philip Wylie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f05293b10339fc595ca0498ccdefeda7", "text": "Abbie Mitchell __ NOTOC __ Abriea `` Abbie '' Mitchell Cook ( 25 September 1884 -- 16 March 1960 ) , also billed as Abbey Mitchell , was an American soprano opera singer who sang the role of `` Clara '' in the premier production of George Gershwin 's Porgy and Bess in 1935 , and was also the first to record `` Summertime '' from that musical . Mitchell was the daughter of an African-American mother and a Jewish-German father from New York City 's Lower East Side . She was reared by a maternal aunt , Alice Payne , in Baltimore , Maryland , where she attended a convent school . After finishing her school education in Baltimore , she started studying voice in New York in 1897 . The next year composer Will Marion Cook and lyricist Paul L. Dunbar cast her in their musical comedy Clorindy ; or , the Origin of the Cakewalk . It was so successful that it ran for the whole season at the Casino Roof Garden . She married Cook a year later , and appeared in the lead role in his Jes Lak White Folks ( 1899 ) . She also appeared in his production The Southerners ( 1904 ) . Cook and Mitchell had a daughter , Marion Abigail Cook , in 1900 , and a son , Will Mercer Cook , in 1903 . Their daughter , raised by family members as had been Mitchell herself , married dancer Louis Douglas . Their son became a professor at Howard University and United States Ambassador to Niger and Senegal . In London she premiered the principal role in the 1903 musical In Dahomey , produced by the team of George Walker and Bert Williams , with music composed by her husband Cook . The cakewalk , considered old fashioned by the cast , was almost cut from the show , but proved popular with audiences and became a fad in the United Kingdom . Mitchell received international acclaim for her performance , and was invited to appear at a command performance for King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra at Buckingham Palace . Mitchell later performed with the Black Patti 's Troubadours , and in the operetta The Red Moon ( 1908 ) by Bob Cole and J. Rosamond Johnson . In 1913 , she appeared in the unfinished film Lime Kiln Field Day with Bert Williams , and produced by Klaw and Erlanger . In 1919 , Mitchell went to Europe with Cook 's Southern Syncopated Orchestra . In New York , she appeared on the concert stage and in opera . Mitchell 's 1935 appearance in Porgy and Bess was her last musical role on the stage , after which `` she taught and coached many singers in New York and appeared in many ` spoken ' dramatic roles on the stage . '' She performed in New York City and taught at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama . Lee De Forest made a short film Songs of Yesteryear ( 1922 ) of Mitchell singing , using his DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process . This film is preserved in the Maurice Zouary film collection at the Library of Congress . Mitchell died in New York on 16 March 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecd08ca4160cc411778149bb25f3c96", "text": "The Seven Descents of Myrtle The Seven Descents of Myrtle is a play by Tennessee Williams . It originally began as a short story , which Williams then turned into a one-act play , and then later revised it into the seven-act play that is accepted today . Its title character is reminiscent of another Williams ' heroine , Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire . Originally titled Kingdom of Earth , the serio-comic play focuses on Lot , a tubercular neurotic youth who is an impotent transvestite overly attached to the memory of his late mother . He has returned to his ancestral home , a decaying house on the edge of a river on the verge of overflowing , with his new bride Myrtle , a sometime prostitute and former showgirl , the sole survivor of the Five Memphis Hot Shots . She dwells in a fantasy world of romantic illusions , one of which is to nurse Lot back to health so they can consummate their marriage , but soon discovers Lot only wants to use her to steal the deed to the property from his multiracial half-brother Chicken , who has lived on and farmed the property for years . Once he meets Myrtle , he gets some romantic designs of his own . The Broadway production was produced by David Merrick and directed by José Quintero . After two previews , it opened on March 27 , 1968 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and closed after 29 performances . It starred Brian Bedford as Lot , Harry Guardino as Chicken , and Estelle Parsons as Myrtle . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In 1970 , the play was adapted to a feature film and released under the title Last of the Mobile Hot Shots ( aka `` Blood Kin '' ) . A 1975 production in London , at the Greenwood Theatre , starring Marianne Faithfull as Myrtle , was cancelled after just three performances when Ms Faithfull fell ill with peritonitis . In 1976 , the play had its West Coast premiere at The Pasadena Repertory Theatre located in The Hotel Carver in Pasadena , California . It starred Marie Peckinpah as Myrtle , Duane Waddell as Chicken , and Ed Harris as Lot . It featured a remarkable three story , rain-drenched set by Howard Whalen . The play was presented under Williams ' original title `` Kingdom of Earth '' and ran for approximately 24 weekend performances over three months . It was directed by Gill Dennis , with executive producer Duane Waddell , and produced by Kevin Cloud Brechner . In 1991 , the play was produced in the UK at the Redgrave Theatre , Farnham starring Kit Hollerbach as Myrtle , Stephen Hattersley as Chicken and Marc Warren as Lot in a production directed by Bill Bankes-Jones . Stephen Hattersley won Best Actor 1991 in the TMA Awards for his performance in this production . In 2011 it was revived at the Print Room in Notting Hill , under its alternative title Kingdom of Earth , directed by Lucy Bailey . In 2012 , Tom Hiddleston did a reading of the short story version for the series Stories Before Bedtime at the Criterion-Theatre in the United Kingdom . This short story is a more erotic version written in the first person from the perspective of Chicken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d27089426ba0c878f15d94ad7be7d9", "text": "Mark Brooks (director) Mark Brooks is an American producer , director , writer and musician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6af7a0282c65e446ecd4ae03f63be146", "text": "King Lear (1953 film) King Lear is a 1953 live television adaptation of the Shakespeare play staged by Peter Brook and starring Orson Welles . Preserved on kinescope , it aired October 18 , 1953 , as part of the CBS television series Omnibus , hosted by Alistair Cooke . The cast includes Micheál Mac Liammóir and Alan Badel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c745e2edb058bed3320e9ba762301c7", "text": "Roger Miller Roger Dean Miller , Sr. ( January 2 , 1936 -- October 25 , 1992 ) was an American singer-songwriter , musician , and actor , best known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs . His most recognized tunes included the chart-topping country/pop hits `` King of the Road '' , `` Dang Me '' , and `` England Swings '' , all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era . After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army , Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s , penning such hits as `` Billy Bayou '' and `` Home '' for Jim Reeves and `` Invitation to the Blues '' for Ray Price . He later began a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the mid-1960s , continuing to record and tour into the 1990s , charting his final top 20 country hit `` Old Friends '' with Willie Nelson in 1982 . He also wrote and performed several of the songs for the 1973 Disney animated film Robin Hood . Later in his life , he wrote the music and lyrics for the 1985 Tony-award winning Broadway musical Big River , in which he acted . Miller died from lung cancer in 1992 , and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame three years later . His songs continued to be recorded by younger artists , with covers of `` Tall , Tall Trees '' by Alan Jackson and `` Husbands and Wives '' by Brooks & Dunn , each reaching the number one spot on country charts in the 1990s . The Roger Miller Museum in his home town of Erick , Oklahoma , is a tribute to Miller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "486ba469045b01d35fd902f6f4553bb0", "text": "The Producers (1968 film) The Producers is a 1968 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel , Gene Wilder , Dick Shawn , and Kenneth Mars . The film was Brooks 's directorial debut , and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Although the release date was officially 1968 , the premier took place in Pittsburgh on November 22 , 1967 . Decades later , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list . It was later remade by Brooks as an acclaimed Broadway stage musical , which itself was adapted for a 2005 feature film starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22fdedff2cdfd436f6fb849ad7dc50c9", "text": "The Man in the Saddle (1926 film) The Man in the Saddle is a lost 1926 American Western film directed by Lynn Reynolds and Clifford Smith , starring Hoot Gibson and featuring Boris Karloff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b02359e04a6cf69452110f5e57fba25c", "text": "The Tragic Muse The Tragic Muse is a novel by Henry James , first published as a serial in The Atlantic Monthly in 1889-1890 and then as a book in 1890 . This wide , cheerful panorama of English life follows the fortunes of two would-be artists : Nick Dormer , who vacillates between a political career and his efforts to become a painter , and Miriam Rooth , an actress striving for artistic and commercial success . A huge cast of supporting characters help and hinder their pursuits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad427ee41ccafeab086c5edc403e772d", "text": "Enchanted April (1992 film) Enchanted April is a 1992 film directed by Mike Newell . The screenplay by Peter Barnes was adapted from Elizabeth von Arnim 's 1922 novel The Enchanted April . The film stars Miranda Richardson , Josie Lawrence , Polly Walker and Joan Plowright , with Alfred Molina , Michael Kitchen and Jim Broadbent in supporting roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "269ec485fdaae1870c0bf81314c3cc48", "text": "Albert Steinrück Albert Steinrück ( 20 May 1872 -- 10 February 1929 ) was a German film actor of the silent era . He appeared in 88 films between 1910 and 1929 . He starred in the 1923 film The Treasure , which was directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst . He was also a leading role in the pioneering German expressionist 1920 Film ` The Golem ' , in which he plays a Rabbi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e17b7be5df2592645af0393c5108c4d", "text": "Al Brooks Al Brooks may refer to : Albert Brooks ( born 1947 ) , American actor Alfred Brooks ( dancer ) ( 1916-2005 ) , American modern dancer and dance company founder", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f89c99268ad88eec2cfd53e66e778fa", "text": "Muse (Grace Jones album) Muse is the third studio album by Grace Jones , released in September 4 , 1979 by Island Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db226992bf32f04bb5ec1dac4412d63b", "text": "The Flame (Cheap Trick song) `` The Flame '' is a ballad written by British songwriters Bob Mitchell and Nick Graham . The song was first offered to English singer Elkie Brooks , who turned it down , and was then released by Cheap Trick , for whom it was a hit single in 1988 . The song appeared on the band 's Lap of Luxury album . `` The Flame '' reached number one on the American Billboard Hot 100 in July 1988 . It also reached number one in Australia and Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d801e4549904500be655a4ff208141e2", "text": "Artie Shaw Artie Shaw ( born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky ; May 23 , 1910 -- December 30 , 2004 ) was an American clarinetist , composer , bandleader , and actor . Also an author , Shaw wrote both fiction and non-fiction . Widely regarded as `` one of jazz 's finest clarinetists , '' Shaw led one of the United States ' most popular big bands in the late 1930s through the early 1940s . Though he had numerous hit records , he was perhaps best known for his 1938 recording of Cole Porter 's `` Begin the Beguine . '' Prior to the release of `` Beguine , '' Shaw and his fledgling band had languished in relative obscurity for over two years and , after its release , he became a major pop artist within short order . The record eventually became one of the era 's defining recordings . Musically restless , Shaw was also an early proponent of what became known much later as Third Stream music , which blended elements of classical and jazz forms and traditions . His music influenced other musicians , such as John Barry in England , with the vamp of the James Bond Theme , possibly influenced by `` Nightmare , '' which also has a similar vamp to Kurt Weill 's `` Lonely House . '' Shaw also recorded with small jazz groups drawn from within the ranks of the various big bands he led . He served in the US Navy from 1942 to 1944 , ( during which time he led a morale-building band that toured the South Pacific amidst the chaos of World War II ) and , following his discharge in 1944 , he returned to lead a band through 1945 . Following the breakup of that band , he began to focus on other interests and gradually withdrew from the world of being a professional musician and major celebrity , although he remained a force in popular music and jazz before retiring from music completely in 1954 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f172baea54eeeac586934a3155d3a97", "text": "Muse Entertainment Muse Entertainment is a Canadian producer of films and television programs founded by Michael Prupas in 1998 . The company gained press attention in 2011 for their production of the multi-Emmy winning and nominated miniseries The Kennedys in association with Asylum Entertainment .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3e8110ee9df9ee32952c852b980382fa", "text": "Kiiara Kiara Saulters ( born May 24 , 1995 ) , known professionally as Kiiara , is an American singer and songwriter from Wilmington , Illinois . She is currently signed to Atlantic Records . Her music is described as downcast electronic pop with bass-heavy , trap-style rap production .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b6118eb329a4c18673bceccd926a5e4f", "text": "Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) . The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64156b037c0fcea434dc06ec84db14e5", "text": "Kellas cat The Kellas cat is a small black feline found in Scotland . Once thought to be a mythological wild cat , with its few sightings dismissed as hoaxes , a specimen was killed by being caught in a snare in 1984 by a gamekeeper named Ronnie Douglas and found to be a hybrid between wild and domestic sub-species of Felis silvestris . It is not a formal breed of cat , but a landrace of felid hybrids . It is named after the village of Kellas , Moray , where it was first found . The historian Charles Thomas speculates that the Pictish stone at Golspie may depict a Kellas . The Golspie stone , now held at the Dunrobin Castle Museum , shows a cat-like creature standing on top of a salmon which may allude to the characteristics ascribed to a Kellas of catching fish while river swimming . Andrew Kitchener , researcher and Natural Sciences curator at the National Museum of Scotland , examined eight specimens of black felines . One carcass was already in the Museum 's collection ; the remaining seven were supplied by Di Francis , who is described by Thomas as a `` writer , researcher and practical naturalist '' . Kitchener 's analysis identified one of the animals as a melanistic wild cat ; this juvenile male was the first wild cat ever documented as melanistic in Scotland . Most of the other specimens examined were concluded to be hybrids but more closely aligned to the wild cat ; only one hybrid leaned more towards a domestic cat . The Kellas cat is described as being 24 to long , with powerful and long hind legs and a tail that can grow to be around 12 in long ; its weight can range from 5 to . Douglas had measured the animal snared in 1984 and he stated it was 15 in to shoulder height and 43 in in length . A specimen is kept in a museum in Elgin . The Zoology Museum of the University of Aberdeen also hold a mounted specimen that was found during 2002 in the Insch area of Aberdeenshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bdfbfc0659c0db620070d65b79d211a", "text": "Cat agility Cat agility is a sport in which trained cats are lured through timed obstacle courses by their handlers . Cat agility contests , like similarly themed dog agility contests , are modeled after the equestrian sport of show jumping . Under the rules , cats must complete a course in under 270 seconds , completing each obstacle in a prescribed manner . Lures such as laser pointers and toys on string may be used , but food treats are not allowed . The obstacles are arranged in a circle and include tunnels , steps , and poles . For a typical contest there are between six and fourteen obstacles , and the winning cats complete the course in about ten seconds . The first known cat agility contest was held in Albuquerque , New Mexico by Vickie Shields and three friends in 2003 . By the late 2000s , the contests were popular worldwide , with approximately 40 held each year in connection with cat shows . In the US , the two largest cat fancy organizations , The Cat Fanciers Association ( CFA ) , and The International Cat Association ( TICA ) both have feline agility competitions , which have met with mixed success and popularity . CFA awarded its first National Agility Win in the 2006-07 season , with the top cat in Agility competition being Zehnder 's Twyla Mooner of Hitails , a blue Abyssinian female . Twyla was born in 2005 and competed in -- and won -- her first agility competition as a five-month-old kitten , without ever having any prior training , or practice in , running an obstacle course .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5cc0e2448b3fa2f66a91d0c39005a67", "text": "Ring-tailed lemur The ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long , black and white ringed tail . It belongs to Lemuridae , one of five lemur families , and is the only member of the Lemur genus . Like all lemurs it is endemic to the island of Madagascar . Known locally in Malagasy as maky ( -LSB- makʲ -RSB- , spelled maki in French ) or hira , it inhabits gallery forests to spiny scrub in the southern regions of the island . It is omnivorous and the most terrestrial of extant lemurs . The animal is diurnal , being active exclusively in daylight hours . The ring-tailed lemur is highly social , living in groups of up to 30 individuals . It is also female dominant , a trait common among lemurs . To keep warm and reaffirm social bonds , groups will huddle together . The ring-tailed lemur will also sunbathe , sitting upright facing its underside , with its thinner white fur towards the sun . Like other lemurs , this species relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its territory with scent glands . The males perform a unique scent marking behavior called spur marking and will participate in stink fights by impregnating their tail with their scent and wafting it at opponents . As one of the most vocal primates , the ring-tailed lemur uses numerous vocalizations including group cohesion and alarm calls . Experiments have shown that the ring-tailed lemur , despite the lack of a large brain ( relative to simiiform primates ) , can organize sequences , understand basic arithmetic operations and preferentially select tools based on functional qualities . Despite reproducing readily in captivity and being the most populous lemur in zoos worldwide , numbering more than 2,000 individuals , the ring-tailed lemur is listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List due to habitat destruction and hunting for bush meat and the exotic pet trade . At present ( as of early 2017 ) , the population in the wild is believed to have crashed as low as 2,000 individuals due to habitat loss , poaching and hunting , making them far more critically endangered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d82bd960033b6a5d5059b9363f6a979", "text": "Te Matua Ngahere Te Matua Ngahere is a giant kauri ( Agathis australis ) coniferous tree in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region , New Zealand . The tree 's Maori name means `` Father of the Forest '' . Although not as massive or tall as its neighbour Tāne Mahuta , Te Matua Ngahere is stouter , with a girth just over 16 m . It is believed to be the second largest living kauri tree , and to have the biggest girth of any kauri in the country . According to The New Zealand Herald , it has the biggest girth of any tree in New Zealand . As there is no means of measuring the tree 's age , it is variously estimated to be between 1200 and 2000 years old ; or between 2000 and 3000 years old ; or even 4000 years old . One resource , published by National Geographic Books , claims that Te Matua Ngahere may be the oldest tree in New Zealand , while another suggests that it 's the oldest rainforest tree on earth . Claimed to be revered by the Māori , Te Matua Ngahere is said to be under their special protection . The tree , a remnant of the ancient rain forest that once grew on the North Auckland Peninsula , has a relationship with other flora , such as orchids , clubmoss , and a rata tree that grew on it . Unfortunately , the Te Matua Ngahere suffered severe damage in July 2007 , due to extreme winter storms in Northland when the rata which was growing on top of Te Matua Ngahere , was felled by strong storm winds , and took with it the central leader of Te Matua Ngahere plus several of its branches , thus shortening its life by hundreds of years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5510a5a6d4f310e6a1665be1516033", "text": "Kora (pilgrimage) __ NOTOC __ Kora ( , THL : kor ra ) is a transliteration of a Tibetan word that means `` circumambulation '' or `` revolution '' . Kora is both a type of pilgrimage and a type of meditative practice in the Tibetan Buddhist or Bon traditions . A Kora is performed by the practitioner making a circumambulation a in a clockwise fashion round a sacred site or object , typically as a constituent part of a pilgrimage , ceremony , celebration or ritual . However , in broader terms , it is a term that is often used to refer to the entire pilgrimage experience in the Tibetan regions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e9402de833a364039c1f6ab949585e0", "text": "Jungle cat The jungle cat ( Felis chaus ) , also called the reed cat or swamp cat , is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East , South and Southeast Asia and southern China . It is a member of the genus Felis and was first described by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in 1776 . Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber gave the jungle cat its present binomial name and is therefore generally considered as binomial authority . Ten subspecies are recognised at present . The jungle cat is a large , long-legged cat ; it stands nearly 36 cm at shoulder and weighs 2 -- . Its sandy , reddish-brown or grey coat is uniformly coloured and without spots ; melanistic and albino individuals are also known . Moults occur biannually . Typically diurnal , the jungle cat hunts throughout the day . Solitary in nature , jungle cats do not interact appreciably except in the mating season . The only prominent interaction is the mother-kitten bond . Territories are maintained by urine spraying and scent marking . The cat is primarily a carnivore , and prefers small mammals ( gerbils , hares and rodents ) and birds . It hunts by stalking its prey , followed by a sprint or a leap ; the sharp ears help in pinpointing the location of prey . Both sexes become sexually mature by the time they are a year old ; females enter oestrus from January to March . Mating behaviour is similar to that in the domestic cat : the male pursues the female in oestrus , seizes her by the nape of her neck and mounts her . Gestation lasts nearly two months . Births take place between December and June , though this might vary geographically . Kittens begin to catch their own prey at around six months and leave the mother after eight or nine months . The jungle cat is a habitat generalist ; it inhabits places with adequate water and dense vegetation , such as swamps , wetlands and riparian areas . Despite its name , the jungle cat shuns rainforests and woodlands . The jungle cat is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and is mainly threatened by destruction of wetlands , trapping and poisoning . The status of the cat in the wild needs further study , though populations are thought to be declining .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2176b9c1af06dc1b425b5b8efbb053f0", "text": "The Kiesha'ra Series The Kiesha ` ra Series is a set of five fantasy novels written by the young adult author , Amelia Atwater-Rhodes , which focus on several races of shapeshifters , including the avians ( bird people ) , the serpiente ( snake people ) , and the shm ` Ahnmik ( falcon people ) . The series title , which is in a language from the series called ha'Shmla , translates as `` Children of Kiesha . '' Kiesha is the first cobra serpiente , from whom the royal line of the Cobriana descends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "857b83f61b5a71713b381c327afb78bc", "text": "List of Cat's Eye episodes is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsukasa Hojo . It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1981 to 1985 , and collected into 18 tankōbon by Shueisha . The story follows the adventures of the three Kisugi sisters , Hitomi , Rui and Ai , who are art thieves trying to collect all the works belonging to their missing father . Cat 's Eye was adapted into an anime series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha and directed by Yoshio Takeuchi . Thirty-Six episodes were broadcast between July 11 , 1983 until March 26 , 1984 . The opening theme Cat 's Eye by Anri . Dancing with the Sunshine was the ending theme . For episodes 1-12 it was performed by Anril . For episodes 13-36 it was performed by Cathi Linn . A Second series was later produced that ran for Thirty-Seven episodes from October 8 , 1984 until July 8 , 1985 . The opening theme was Derringer by Mariko Tone and the ending theme was Hot Stuff by Sherry Savage . For the 30th anniversary of the anime , the series was released in Japan on Blu-Ray format from a new transfer . Two boxsets , one for each series were published by King Records on March 13 , 2013 . The boxset for the second series came with a DVD-ROM of animation artwork . On April 16 , 2007 , ImaginAsian announced that they would broadcast the first season of Cat 's Eye on ImaginAsian TV , and would thereafter give the series its first North American home video release , which happened in September 2007 . The show began broadcasting in June of that year , with the first DVD released later that September . As of August 2008 , it is currently unavailable . However , ImaginAsian still held the license and was working to someday re-release the series . At Anime Expo 2013 , Right Stuf Inc. announced that they had licensed the series and will be release it on DVD under their Nozomi label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fa4380929246cecb64cf9a9f8b0cd3c", "text": "Tjilpa Tjilpa is the name given to a marsupial cat amongst the Northern Aranda language group of Australian Aboriginal people . There are many dreamtime stories of tribes of ancestral Tjilpa-men , who had a significant mythological role . The geographical range of these stories includes Aranda , Unmatjera , Kaititja , Ngalia , Ilpara and Kukatja lands . Category : Australian Aboriginal mythology Category : Arrernte", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e015aea4c3356787130ad7fb93f0b9", "text": "Tonkinese cat Tonkinese are a domestic cat breed produced by crossbreeding between the Siamese and Burmese . They share many of their parents ' distinctively lively , playful personality traits and are similarly distinguished by a pointed coat pattern in a variety of colors . In addition to the modified coat colors of the `` mink '' pattern , which is a dilution of the point color ( as in watercolors ) , the breed is now being shown in the foundation-like Siamese and Burmese colors : pointed with white and Solid overall ( sepia . ) They are also now designated a natural breed , as their history has now determined them to have been extant since the 14th Century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afa3ece3f5c9ae4c1039c9941bc36308", "text": "The Cat (2011 film) The Cat ( ; lit . `` The Cat : Eyes that See Death '' ) is a 2011 South Korean horror film directed by Byun Seung-wook . The film is about So-yeon ( Park Min-young ) , who works at a small pet-grooming shop called Kitty N Puppy . So-yeon suffers from claustrophobia and starts having apparitions of a ghostly young girl with cat-like eyes ( Kim Ye-ron ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19fd89937e591725f2c3996eec4c6114", "text": "Cat Power Charlyn Marie `` Chan '' Marshall -LSB- ʃɑːrlɪn_məri_ʃɒn_mɑːrʃəl -RSB- ( born January 21 , 1972 ) , better known by her stage name Cat Power , is an American singer-songwriter , musician , occasional actress , and model . Cat Power was originally the name of Marshall 's first band , but has become her moniker as a solo artist . Marshall was discovered opening for Liz Phair in 1994 by Steve Shelley of Sonic Youth and Tim Foljahn of Two Dollar Guitar , with whom she recorded her first two albums , Dear Sir ( 1995 ) and Myra Lee ( 1996 ) , on the same day in 1994 . In 1996 she signed with Matador Records , and released a third album of new material with Shelley and Foljahn , What Would the Community Think . Following this she released the critically acclaimed Moon Pix ( 1998 ) , recorded with members of Dirty Three , and The Covers Record ( 2000 ) , a collection of sparsely recorded cover songs . After a brief hiatus she reemerged in 2003 with You Are Free , featuring guest musicians Dave Grohl and Eddie Vedder , followed by the soul-influenced The Greatest ( 2006 ) , recorded with numerous Memphis studio musicians , and a second covers album , Jukebox ( 2008 ) . In 2012 she released the self-produced Sun , which opened at number 10 on the Billboard 200 , the highest charting album of her career to date . Critics have noted the constant evolution of Cat Power 's sound , with a `` mix of punk , folk and blues '' on her earliest albums , and elements of soul and other genres more prevalent in her later material . Her 2012 album Sun incorporated electronica , in a self-proclaimed move from the `` really slow guitar songs '' she initially wrote for the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798279cdc21d0b7ff3d39d251ab23bc9", "text": "Cat Bauer Catherine `` Cat '' Bauer ( born July 27 , 1955 in Greenville , South Carolina ) is the award-winning author of contemporary novels featuring the young protagonist , Harley Columba , and is known for her unique and honest voice . Publishers Weekly said , `` Bauer creates a witty and resilient narrator in ... Harley Columba ... Readers will be rooting for this sympathetic heroine . '' In the Thomson Gale biography , the authors noted that : `` Readers and reviewers often found the strength of Bauer 's novel in the authentic voice of its heroine , Harley . Patricia Morrow , for example , in Voice of Youth Advocates ( VOYA ) , remarked that ` Harley 's voice is true to the experience of many young people , ' and that ` Although the outcomes are not unexpected , they do not follow any formulas . ' '' Bauer is the oldest of five children . She was born on an Air Force Base where her father was stationed in Greenville , South Carolina . According to family lore , she was struck by ball lightning while sleeping in her bassinet during a thunderstorm . She spent the first five years of her life in Kearney , New Jersey in the same three-family house as her paternal grandparents , and her summers at the Bauer family property on Bodin Lake in Upstate New York . Her grandfather was the foreman of Kearfott , where her father was also an engineer . When she was nearly five years old , her grandparents relocated to Montreat , North Carolina , while her immediate family moved to Pompton Lakes , New Jersey , a small , suburban town in North Jersey which Bauer has fictionalized in her novels as `` Lenape Lakes '' -- `` only forty-five minutes outside of New York City , if there 's no traffic , although it may as well be four zillion light-years away since no one from here ever goes there . '' Bauer learned to read and use the slide rule before she went to kindergarten , and began writing books at the age of six . She showed musical ability at a young age , and played the clarinet , piano , violin and guitar , and was also active in the theater . Bauer graduated with honors from Pompton Lakes High School in 1973 . After a brief marriage to her high school sweetheart , she moved to the West Village in New York City , and studied acting with Stella Adler and the National Shakespeare Conservatory . She later moved to Los Angeles , California to pursue an acting career , and was active in the LA theater scene as both an actress and a playwright , co-authoring and performing in the cult hit , `` Peacocks . '' She was a close friend and student of the late Don Richardson , whose former students also included Grace Kelly and Anne Bancroft . Bauer assisted Mr. Richardson with his book `` Acting Without Agony , '' and it was in his workshop that she met her future husband , television director , James Quinn , noted for one-hour episode shows such as Law & Order . During this period , Bauer lived in the hills of Los Feliz . In July , 1993 , Sassy published her first short story , Run Away , which was the inspiration for her first novel , Harley , Like a Person . Under the working title of `` Zee , '' that effort was the recipient of the very first Sue Alexander Most Promising New Work Award given by the Society of Children 's Book Writers and Illustrators ( SCBWI ) . Selected from manuscripts submitted for individual critique at the SCBWI Annual Conference in Los Angeles , the award is given to the manuscript deemed most promising for publication . Another in the list of `` firsts , '' Bauer 's winning entry was critiqued by Walter Dean Myers , the first-ever Michael L. Printz Award winner , a prize which recognizes excellence in young adult literature . Bauer later changed the title of her first novel to Harley , Like a Person , which was originally published in 2000 by Winslow Press , a boutique publisher that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002 . John Lennon 's life and work were major influences on Bauer , and her novels are peppered with references to the former Beatle . For example , Harley Columba was born on the anniversary of John Lennon 's death , December 8 , while her parents were attending a memorial concert in his honor . In 2004 , Holly Bolstad of White Bear Lake , Minnesota , won her state Level I Letters About Literature competition , a national reading-writing contest sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress , together with Target Stores , by writing to Cat Bauer about how Harley , Like a Person had affected her life . To enter , readers write a personal letter to an author , living or dead , from any genre -- fiction or nonfiction , contemporary or classic , explaining how that author 's work changed the student 's way of thinking about the world or themselves . In April 1998 , Bauer moved to Venice , Italy , where she lives today on the Grand Canal . She is presently divorced . Bauer was also a regular contributor to International Herald Tribune 's Italian supplement , Italy Daily , writing about the art , culture and architecture of Venice . Her popular blog , Venetian Cat - Venice Blog has been featured in the Financial Times Arts & Weekend Magazine . On May 27 , 2004 the Honorable Prudence Carter Beatty signed an Order reverting all rights to Harley , Like a Person to Bauer . That book was republished in a slightly different form in 2007 by Alfred A. Knopf , a division of Random House , Inc. , New York , together with a companion novel entitled , Harley 's Ninth , which takes place all on one day , October 9 , John Lennon 's birthday . AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS for HARLEY , LIKE A PERSON Booklist Top Ten Youth First Novel American Library Association Best Books for Young Adults Two-time Winner American Library Association YALSA Popular Paperback for Young Adults American Library Association YALSA Quick Pick New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age Bookreporter Top Ten Teen First Novel Book of the Year - First Place YA Fiction - ForeWord Magazine Oregon Young Adult Network Book Rave BookSense 76 Pick teenreads.com Top 10 Teen Book Teen People Book Club Selection CosmoGirl Book Club Selection Selected Adoption-Related Book No . American Council on Adoptable Children Awareness Guide Winner - SCBWI Sue Alexander Most Promising New Work Award Novels Harley , Like a Person Harley 's Ninth Collections Sixteen - Stories About that Sweet and Bitter Birthday , edited by Megan McCafferty Lines in the Sand , New Writing on War and Peace Time Out Venice : Verona , Treviso and the Veneto Time Out Guides", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdf6f9af811d2938e5e29c2553438b58", "text": "Domestic Shorthair Domestic Shorthair may refer to : Domestic short-haired cat , the most common type of non-purebred house cat ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' is a cat show competition category name for this landrace , as used by some but not all fancier organizations which permit them American Shorthair , a formal cat breed ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' was its original name in some US-based fancier organizations", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f48bead25728158fbeb51b946393031", "text": "When the Cat's Away When the Cat 's Away may refer to : When the Cat 's Away ( 1929 film ) , a Mickey Mouse short cartoon When the Cat 's Away ( 1996 film ) , a French drama directed by Cédric Klapisch When the Cat 's Away ( band ) , a New Zealand female vocal group . When the Cat 's Away ( album ) , a live album from When the Cat 's Away ( band ) ( 1987 ) `` When the Cat 's Away '' ( The Brothers Garcia ) , an episode of The Brothers Garcia `` When the Cat 's Away '' ( Desmond 's ) , an episode of Desmond 's `` When the Cat 's Away '' ( Romeo ! ) , an episode of Romeo ! When the Cat 's Away , an unproduced screenplay co-written by Cara Buono", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57d311e8871232d2f68a4a5c1cecc9bb", "text": "Cria A cria ( pronounced -LSB- / kriː.ə / -RSB- ) also known as alpaclettes is the name for a baby camelid such as a llama , alpaca , vicuña , or guanaco . It comes from the Spanish word cría , meaning `` baby '' . Its false cognate in English , crya ( pronounced -LSB- / kraɪ.ə / -RSB- ) , was coined by British sailors who explored Chile in the 18th century and were quick to describe the camelids onomatopoeically according to the mwa sound they made , which was not unlike that of a human crying baby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08d9cb12a58050566bbfbe6ceaa13680", "text": "Kingdom of Cat Cait or Cat was a Pictish kingdom ( 25 -- 871 AD ) during the Early Middle Ages . It was centred in what is now Caithness in northern Scotland . It was , according to Pictish legend , founded by Caitt ( or Cat ) , one of the seven sons of the ancestor figure Cruithne . For a period of time Cait was the largest of the northern Pictish kingdoms , but its power waned over time . After the death of its last king , Taran mac Ainftech , in 697 , it was absorbed into the broader Pictish kingdom . The name is preserved in the modern placename Caithness , which occupies approximately the same location as the ancient kingdom . The name is also preserved in the Gaelic name for Sutherland ( Cataibh ) , in several specific names within that county and in the earliest recorded name for Shetland ( Inse Catt , meaning `` islands of the Cat people '' ) . Watson ( 2005 ) compares this usage with the early Irish Innse Orc ( islands of the boars ) for Orkney and concludes that these are tribal names based on animals . Legends of Clan Chattan ( pronounced cattan ) suggest that Madoc ( a Dalriadic Pict of Royal line ) the father of St Chattan , had retreated to Dál Riata after losing Cat to the Norse . Thus Clan Chattan or Caitt-an is recognised by the Lord of the Isles as being of Pictish descent when he ratifies the Clan Chattan document ( lost 1666 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ccc0875a5d2443fa8735b295678186", "text": "Cat Soup is a 2001 Japanese short experimental anime film directed by Tatsuo Satō , inspired by the work of manga artist Nekojiru . The surreal film follows Nyatta , an anthropomorphic kitten , on his travel to the land of the dead and back in an effort to save his sister 's soul . Cat Soup was released direct-to-DVD in Japan on 21 February 2001 . Central Park Media licensed the film in North America under its Software Sculptors label and was released on DVD on September 9 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "691fe317a62c8e2fba6099e02cb2b7f2", "text": "Ragdoll The Ragdoll is a cat breed with blue eyes and a distinct colorpoint coat . It is a large and muscular semi-longhair cat with a soft and silky coat . Like all long haired cats , Ragdolls need grooming to ensure their fur does not mat . Developed by American breeder Ann Baker in the 1960s , it is best known for its docile and placid temperament and affectionate nature . The name `` Ragdoll '' is derived from the tendency of individuals from the original breeding stock to go limp and relaxed when picked up . Particularly popular in both the United Kingdom and the breed 's native United States , ragdoll cats often are known as `` dog-like cats '' or `` puppy-like cats '' due to behaviors such as their tendency to follow people around , their ease at being physically handled , and their relative lack of aggression toward other pets .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e869a42a325f6140d8b5bef6c1c319c2", "text": "Katy Perry Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson ( born October 25 , 1984 ) , known professionally as Katy Perry , is an American singer and songwriter . After singing in church during her childhood , she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager . Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001 , which was commercially unsuccessful . She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard , Dr. Luke , and Max Martin . After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records , she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007 . Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of the singles `` I Kissed a Girl '' -- which sparked controversy for its sapphic themes -- and `` Hot n Cold '' from her second album , a pop rock record titled One of the Boys . Her third album , Teenage Dream ( 2010 ) , ventured into disco , and contained the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles `` California Gurls '' , `` Teenage Dream '' , `` Firework '' , `` E.T. '' , and `` Last Friday Night ( T.G.I.F. ) '' as well as the number-three single `` The One That Got Away '' . The album became the first by a female artist to produce five number-one songs in the U.S. , and the second overall after Michael Jackson 's album Bad . In March 2012 , she re-issued the album as Teenage Dream : The Complete Confection , which produced the songs `` Part of Me '' and `` Wide Awake '' . Her fourth album , Prism , was released in 2013 , and is influenced by pop and dance . She became the first artist with multiple videos to reach one billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs `` Roar '' and `` Dark Horse '' . Perry has received many awards , including four Guinness World Records , a Brit Award , and a Juno Award , and been included in the Forbes list of `` Top-Earning Women In Music '' ( 2011 -- 2016 ) . Her estimated net worth as of 2016 is $ 125 million . She is one of the best-selling musical artists of all time , having sold 100 million records globally throughout her career . In film , she released an autobiographical documentary titled Katy Perry : Part of Me in 2012 , and voiced Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs and its sequel in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97d1001b6a255c505f6ddead43f0f905", "text": "California Gurls `` California Gurls '' is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her third studio album , Teenage Dream ( 2010 ) . The song features verses from rapper Snoop Dogg . Both artists co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its co-producers Dr. Luke and Max Martin , with additional production from Benny Blanco . According to Perry , the song is an answer song to `` Empire State of Mind '' ( 2009 ) , by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys . `` California Gurls '' is a midtempo disco-pop , and funk-pop song , with influences of new wave , and electropop . Its lyrics are an ode to the state of California , in which both Perry and Snoop Dogg were born and raised . `` California Gurls '' garnered positive reviews from music critics , with the majority of them labeling it a `` summer anthem '' , as well as complimenting its production and chorus . Originally intended to be sent to mainstream and rhythmic airplay on May 25 , 2010 , the song debuted on May 7 , 2010 , after clips from the Teenage Dream album were leaked online . It was subsequently released to iTunes on May 11 , 2010 as the album 's lead single . The song was a worldwide success , peaking at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks , giving Perry her second US number-one single in and Snoop Dogg his third . The song reached number-one in ten other countries , including Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom . A music video for the song was released on June 15 , 2010 , and features Perry and her dancers as pieces of a board game , set in the fictional `` Candyfornia '' . Perry has said that the inspiration behind the video was artist Will Cotton , who was also the artistic director of the video . It has been noted that the video is influenced by several other works , including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland , and the board game Candyland . On December 2 , 2010 , the song received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . In 2012 , Billboard ranked the song number one on a special The 30 Summer Songs of All Time listing .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c4f8fd8ef5271046ec7365a9b506e336", "text": "California Stars (song) `` California Stars '' is an American folk song with lyrics by Woody Guthrie . Guthrie never recorded the song , but in 1998 it was recorded as part of Mermaid Avenue , a collection of Guthrie 's work that was put to music and recorded by British singer Billy Bragg and the American band Wilco . Music for the song was ultimately composed by Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy and guitarist Jay Bennett . In 1992 , Guthrie 's estate asked Bragg to set `` California Stars '' and other unrecorded works to music in what would become Mermaid Avenue . No date is known for the creation of the original lyrics , which could have taken place any time from the 1940 's to Guthrie 's death in 1967 . The lyrics are simple but surreal , describing the singer lying under the California sky and dreaming of lying with a lover on a `` bed '' of stars . A `` California Star '' is a complex geometric pattern used in making quilts , which could have been an influence on Guthrie 's writing , lending a more literal interpretation to the phrase `` a bed of California Stars . '' Wilco has frequently performed the song live , and it is one of their most popular recordings . Since being set to music , the song has been recorded and released by other musicians , including Bob Seger on his 2014 album Ride Out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05cf80ac2618e2a3df13db8d3bc8254", "text": "Hollywood Fats Michael Leonard Mann ( March 17 , 1954 -- December 8 , 1986 ) , known as Hollywood Fats , was an American blues guitarist , active in Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77df29c1dc8ed692f7da8e9822a69088", "text": "PEACH PEACH ( born Patricia Elaine Reasoner ; June 1 , 1951 ) is an American blues and jazz artist -- singer , songwriter , and guitarist , and producer . She currently resides in Venice , California U.S.A.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d57b76ffec2767b08d674d52a38372", "text": "Justin Chart Justin Chart ( born February 6 , 1960 ) is a Los Angeles based singer-songwriter and producer . Chart is known for his song , `` Los Angeles The Song '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fb8d9d455cccf5271cb58168748d17", "text": "Greetings from California Greetings from California is the debut studio album by The Madden Brothers , whose members consist of Joel and Benji Madden from pop punk band Good Charlotte , which was released on September 16 , 2014 in the United States . The album 's first single , `` We Are Done '' , premiered on May 30 , 2014 on 102.7 KIIS FM . The music video for the single premiered on June 30 , 2014 and on July 7 , 2014 , `` We Are Done '' reached # 1 on the Australian iTunes songs chart . The album was made available for pre-ordering on the iTunes Store on July 4 , 2014 with `` California Rain '' made available for immediate download . The album is split into two `` sides '' . The first filled with upbeat , sunny pop rock produced by their long-time collaborator Eric Valentine , who also produced Good Charlotte 's The Young and the Hopeless and The Chronicles of Life and Death . Side two is produced by Joe Chiccarelli , is inspired by `` 70s-era FM pop . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9cd5a58c8201c71734db62fd7d22190", "text": "Al Rogers Al Rogers ( born July 24 , 1926 ) is an American Country and Western singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabfc93cb51769d841242286afc76d42", "text": "Helen Baylor Helen LaRue Lowe ( born January 8 , 1954 ) , known professionally as Helen Baylor , is an American singer -- songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c247204f2d0bb385e9d146bb84361c", "text": "Buddy Clark Buddy Clark ( July 26 , 1912 - October 1 , 1949 ) was an American popular singer of the 1930s and 1940s . In the late 1940s , after his return from service in World War II , his career blossomed and he became one of the nation 's top crooners . He died in a plane crash in 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ab7d58b156ae5fb482354cc1a42be1", "text": "Larry Pierce (singer) Larry G. Pierce ( born July 18 , 1950 ) is an American comedic-country music singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a3e9100c60dbc2935a79ff28d0f3e5a", "text": "Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California . Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles . During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full . Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's . In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios . In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time . In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is : Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts . Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights . One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits . In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebfb6bdccabe05d0c00fc1cacd771b2a", "text": "Sunshine pop Sunshine pop ( originally `` soft pop '' ) is a subgenre of pop music originating in Southern California in the mid-1960s , although it only acquired the name later . Rooted in easy-listening , advertising jingles , and the growing drug culture , sunshine pop acts purveyed a lightly produced style that combined nostalgic or anxious moods with `` an appreciation for the beauty of the world '' . It began as an outgrowth of the 1960s California Sound and folk rock movements , largely consisting of lesser-known artists who imitated more popular groups like the Beach Boys , the Mamas & the Papas , and the 5th Dimension . While the Beach Boys are noted as prominent influences , they rarely worked in the genre . Sunshine pop is characterized by lush vocals and light arrangements similar to samba music . In some ways the genre is similar to baroque pop music through being elaborate and melancholic , though it also crossed into folk pop and Brill Building styles . Sunshine pop enjoyed mainstream success in the latter half of the decade , with many of its top 40 hits peaking in the spring and summer of 1967 , especially just before the Summer of Love . Popular bands include the Mamas & the Papas , the Turtles , and the Association . Other acts , like the Millennium , Sagittarius , and the Yellow Balloon were less successful but gained a cult following years later ; with albums like Begin ( 1968 ) and Present Tense ( 1968 ) highly sought-after on the collectors ' market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "597617e7fc362501829de9b41d5dc0e1", "text": "Leslie Mills Leslie Mills is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93cc712f3136cf0d01990e77446611b", "text": "Golden Throats Golden Throats is Rhino Records ' series of humorous compilations of critically lambasted cover versions of songs , performed mostly either by celebrities known for something other than musical talent or musicians not known for the genre from which the song they are covering comes . For example , William Shatner sings ( or , more precisely , does a dramatic reading of the lyrics to ) `` Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds , '' Leonard Nimoy sings `` If I Had a Hammer , '' and Muhammad Ali sings `` Stand by Me . '' Other examples include the Bing Crosby cover of the Beatles ' `` Hey Jude '' and the Mel Tormé cover of Donovan 's `` Sunshine Superman , '' as both were rock songs being covered by musicians of an older generation . In most cases , the songs appear to be performed sincerely , rather than in a spirit of irony or intentional goofiness . In many respects , these albums were among the first to anthologize lounge music , with their focus on `` light '' versions of contemporary hits . The series ( of four albums ) was created and produced by long-time Rhino staffer Gary Peterson and pop culture historian Pat Sierchio . Each release contained liner notes penned by acclaimed music historian Irwin Chusid , and most featured original art by Drew Friedman . The cover art parodied well-known albums ( Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , Their Satanic Majesties Request , Sweetheart Of The Rodeo , and the Beatles ' infamous `` butcher '' cover for Yesterday And Today ) . The notoriety of the series no doubt contributed to William Shatner 's decision to relaunch his musical career . There were a total of four albums in the series : They are : Golden Throats : The Great Celebrity Sing Off ( LP : 1988 ; CD : 1992 ) Golden Throats 2 : More Celebrity Rock Oddities ! ( 1991 ) Golden Throats 3 : Sweethearts of Rodeo Drive ( 1995 ) Golden Throats 4 : Celebrities Butcher the Beatles ( 1997 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b33ff31fb5dc884ce078fe4f196d4e7", "text": "Bel-Tone Records Bel-Tone Recording Corporation was a small American independent record label founded in 1944 in Hollywood , California , that recorded and produced artists of the pop , race , and folk genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a99dd6bf6b2d5fc5a03e62008ff99a6c", "text": "Gus Hardin Gus Hardin ( born Carolyn Ann Blankenship ; April 9 , 1945 -- February 17 , 1996 ) was a country music singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c3b1d5a65e1866cd280e3875bc9afb", "text": "Katie Lee (singer) Katie Lee ( born October 23 , 1919 in Tucson , Arizona , United States ) is an Arizona folk singer , writer , actress , photographer and environmental activist . She graduated from the University of Arizona with a Bachelor of Fine Arts . After that , she went on to study with two of the most successful folksingers of the 1940s , Burl Ives and Josh White . After joining a rafting trip in the Grand Canyon she became a regular on river trips on the Colorado River and joined the opposition to the construction of Glen Canyon Dam . In September and October 1955 , she , Tad Nichols , and Frank Wright traveled through and documented parts of the Glen Canyon that later were to be submerged .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a4b54fcdca649e93c4f5f6b8dfbd36", "text": "The Untouchables (Los Angeles band) The Untouchables are a soul/mod revival band from the Silver Lake , Los Angeles , California area . Described by original lead singer Kevin Long as `` mods who played ska music , '' The Untouchables are credited with being America 's first ska band . They formed in 1981 as part of the embryonic L.A. mod revival , after being inspired by the ska revival/punk rock band The Boxboys . Since some could n't play instruments , they either hastily learned , or became vocalists . The original lineup included : Kevin Long ( vocals ) , Chuck Askerneese ( vocals ) , Terry Ellsworth ( rhythm guitar ) , Clyde Grimes ( guitar ) , Rob Lampron ( drums ) , Herman Askerneese ( bass ) and Jerry Miller ( vocals , timbales ) . After a shaky start playing at parties , the integrated septet were eventually booked at the O.N. Klub ( known as the On to regulars ) . The band had guaranteed the club that they would pack the venue , and they did not disappoint . In middle of that year , they released their first ( ska-styled ) 7 '' single , copies of which were snapped up by local mods . Late in 1982 , the band began a stint as the house band at the Roxy Theatre . Terry Ellsworth left the band in the summer of 1983 , at the height of the California mod revival . Josh Harris was added on keyboards , Timothy Moynahan on trombone and Will Donato ( who became a successful smooth jazz artist ) started on sax . Their second single , `` The General , '' became a minor local hit , despite poor distribution . The band performed `` The General '' in the 1984 comedy The Party Animal , and they appeared as a scooter gang in the movie Repo Man . In early 1984 , they were signed to Stiff Records . Concerts with The B-52 's , Black Uhuru , Bow Wow Wow , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Fishbone , No Doubt and X all over California gave the group a disparate following of whites , blacks , mods , punks , surfers and rockabilly fans , with the local performances drawing up to 1,500 people . The band also appeared in the 1984 film Surf II , performing `` Dance Beat '' , and 1987 's No Man 's Land , performing `` What 's Gone Wrong '' . Vocalist Kevin Long ( who had named the band ) left in 1984 . Guitarist Clyde Grimes took on more vocal leads , and in 1984 the band recorded `` Free Yourself '' , which became very popular , especially in the United Kingdom where it was a # 26 hit in April 1985 . The band has gone through many lineup changes since then , and as of 2006 , only vocalist Jerry Miller remains from the original lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7156809a996c562ca2b482d3959194b5", "text": "Bobby Troup Robert Wesley Troup Jr. ( October 18 , 1918 -- February 7 , 1999 ) , known as Bobby Troup , was an American actor , jazz pianist , singer and songwriter . He is best known for writing the popular standard '' ( Get Your Kicks On ) Route 66 '' , and for his role as Dr. Joe Early , opposite his real-life wife Julie London 's character , in the 1970s US TV series , Emergency !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d300326d4b937aa489888db34822dfa", "text": "Eddie Money Edward Joseph Mahoney ( born March 21 , 1949 ) , known professionally as Eddie Money , is an American singer , songwriter and multi-instrumentalist who had success in the 1970s and 1980s with a string of Top 40 hits and platinum albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93be9eeea7f8d28213580041add1c5b5", "text": "Debbie Gravitte Debbie Shapiro Gravitte ( born September 29 , 1954 ) is an American actress and singer . Shapiro was born in Los Angeles , California ,", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "526fffbb0157304ffb1d09e6eac54855", "text": "Ajay Devgn Ajay Devgan ( born Vishal Veeru Devgan on 2 April 1969 ) , also credited as Ajay Devgn , is an Indian film actor , director and producer . He is widely considered as one of the most popular actors of Hindi cinema , who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Devgan has won numerous accolades , including two National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards . In 2016 , he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian honour of the country . Devgan began his professional career with Phool Aur Kaante in 1991 and received a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut for his performance . He then starred in successful films such as Jigar ( 1992 ) , Dilwale ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Naajayaz ( 1995 ) , Diljale ( 1996 ) and Ishq ( 1997 ) . In 1998 , he appeared in a critically acclaimed performance in Mahesh Bhatt 's drama Zakhm and he received his first National Film Award for Best Actor for his role in the movie . In 1999 , his most-talked-about film was Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam in which he played Vanraj , a man who tries to unite his wife with her lover . In the early 2000s , he gave critically acclaimed performances in Ram Gopal Varma 's fictional expose of Mumbai underworld Company . He played the character of a gangster , for which he won Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor . The same year he gave another critically acclaimed performance in Deewangee for which he received the Filmfare Best Villain Award . In 2003 , he won his second National Film Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Bhagat Singh in Rajkumar Santoshi 's biopic The Legend of Bhagat Singh . Throughout his career he has performed in many critically and commercially successful films including Raincoat ( 2004 ) , '' Gangajal , ( 2004 ) , Yuva ( 2004 ) , Apaharan ( 2005 ) , Omkara ( 2006 ) , Golmaal : Fun Unlimited ( 2006 ) , Golmaal Returns ( 2008 ) , All the Best : Fun Begins ( 2009 ) , Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai ( 2010 ) , Golmaal 3 ( 2010 ) , Raajneeti ( 2010 ) , Singham ( 2011 ) , Bol Bachchan ( 2012 ) , Son of Sardaar ( 2012 ) , Singham Returns ( 2014 ) and Drishyam ( 2015 ) . He has starred in more than hundred Hindi films . Having done so , he established himself as one of the leading actors of Hindi cinema . In addition , Devgn owns a production company Ajay Devgn FFilms which was established in 2000 . In 2008 , he debuted as a film director with U Me Aur Hum . He is married to film actress , Kajol since 1999 and the couple have two children . In August 2009 , Devgn changed his surname from Devgan to Devgn on the request of his family .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e6b97ae1139e062d29818ab5ac9f8c0b", "text": "Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist is a state film award of the Indian state of Karnataka given during the annual Karnataka State Film Awards . The award honours Kannada language films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05541af5801d019b72dac9456bde2972", "text": "Dr. George Grierson Award The Dr. George Grierson Award ( Devnagari : डॉ जॉर्ज ग्रियर्सन पुरस्कार ) is a literary honor in India . It is conferred annually by Central Hindi Directorate , ( Kendriya Hindi Sansthan ) , Ministry of Human Resource Development on writers of outstanding works in Hindi Literature . It is also a Hindi Sevi Samman and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language in abroad . It is awarded by the President Of India . The award named after the linguist Dr. George Abraham Grierson was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e085c0835295b9d48a46345df7de559f", "text": "National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer The National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India since 1968 to a female playback singer for the best renditions of songs from soundtracks within the Indian film industry . Throughout the years , accounting for ties and repeat winners , the Government of India has presented a total of 45 Best Female Playback Singer awards to 23 different female playback singers . Until 1974 , winners of the National Film Award received a commemorative plaque and certificate ; since 1975 , they have been awarded with a `` Rajat Kamal '' ( silver lotus ) , certificate and a cash prize that amounted to in 2013 . The first recipient was P. Susheela , who was honoured at the 16th National Film Award ( 1968 ) for her renditions from the Tamil film Uyarntha Manithan . The singer who won the most number of Rajat Kamal awards is K. S. Chithra with six wins , followed by P. Susheela with five . As of 2013 , two singers -- S. Janaki and Shreya Ghoshal -- have won the award four times , and two -- Lata Mangeshkar and Vani Jairam -- have won it thrice . The award has been won twice by Asha Bhosle , Alka Yagnik and Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar . S. Janaki , K. S. Chithra , and Shreya Ghoshal have won the award for their renditions in three different languages . Shreya Ghoshal is the sole recipient of the award for two different songs in the same year in two different languages . Uthara Unnikrishnan is the youngest winner , picking up the award at the age of 10 for the rendition of a song from the Tamil film Saivam ( 2014 ) . No award was given for this category in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db420128f865166521e18fb73d406d7c", "text": "59th Filmfare Awards South The 59th Filmfare Awards South ceremony honouring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in 2011 was held on 7 July 2012 at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium , Chennai , India . For this year more than 451 films from each of the four film industries were considered for nominations in various categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8ce01ab5984d4fb348c8eba6098b1a3", "text": "Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction The Filmfare Best Art Direction Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films . Although the awards started in 1954 , awards for the best art direction category started only in 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a0e1961b25be5fb06827e9995ba789a", "text": "Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award ( Devnagari : महापंडित राहुल सांकृत्यायन पुरस्कार ) is a literary honor in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan , ( Central Hindi Organization ) , Ministry of Human Resource Development , annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi Travel Literature . It is also called Hindi Sevi Samman or Rahul Sankrityayan National Award and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "877424b3bec99c96265d278d76c1f2bc", "text": "Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards Bengal Film Journalists ' Association Awards commonly referred as BFJA Awards , is given by The Bengal Film Journalists ' Association . The BFJA is the oldest association of film critics in India , founded in 1937 to serve the developing film journalism and film industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ba8c9629eec7e73ae033e3dd496397", "text": "47th Kerala State Film Awards The awards were announced by minister A.K Balan in Thiruvananthapuram on 7 March 2017 . The winners in the fiction category were selected by a jury headed by Odisha director A.K. Bir . The other jury members were Priyanandanan , Sundar Das , Sudevan , script writer P.F. Mathews , actor Shanti Krishna , composer and singer V.T. Murali , sound designer Arun Nambiar , critic Dr Meena T. Pillai and Kerala Chalachitra Academy secretary Mahesh Panju .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd0c384faa5620d00e5293bae4e0800c", "text": "Zee Cine Award for Best Action It is the Zee Cine Award that is given to the best Action film of the year . In 2017 , Ajay Devgn ' Shivaay won the award for best action under the action director Raj Singh Nijjar . Category :2017 film awards Category : Zee Cine Awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "023d0fc356985e91d40ca267861fac82", "text": "Vijay Award for Best Editor The Vijay for Best Editor is given by STAR Vijay as part of its annual Vijay Awards ceremony for Tamil ( Kollywood ) films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bed2734eba1cc561632e50e054ad4ab", "text": "Ajay Sastry Ajay Sastry is a Director/Writer who directed his maiden film called ' Nenu Meeku Telusa ' starring Manchu Manoj , Sneha Ullal and Riya Sen. His journey started with a short film called `` 12 '' ( Baarah ) that was produced by KAD Movies And Rana Daggubati ( of dum marro dum Fame ) . In the past , he played the role of Associate Director & Screenplay writer for movies such as Rakhi and Danger . He had served as president of YOCS ( Young Orators Club ) for many years . He had been an active participant and winner at youth festivals in and around Hyderabad . To add to this Ajay has been the lead singer of Rock bands like `` Alter Egoz '' and `` Jekyll and Hyde '' . An orator and a poet , his poems have been published in the `` American Anthology Of Poetry '' . During his schooling , he had an opportunity through the YMCA to attend the ` World Championship Of Modern Western Dances ' at London and ran a dance school for almost five years before he shifted to being an ad film maker . His first movie as a director ` Nenu Meeku Telusa ' hit the silver screen on October 10 , 2008", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be904a4859247a01e7da0e36a064aedb", "text": "Jigar Jigar is a 1992 Bollywood martial arts action film directed by Farogh Siddique . It was inspired by the 1989 Hollywood movie Kickboxer . Jigar was released during Diwali weekend and proved to be successful . It was Ajay Devgn 's second success after Phool Aur Kaante and premiered at the Plaza cinema , Mumbai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a65194e7e7205e07827952adffcca9", "text": "Chennai International Film Festival The Chennai International Film Festival ( CIFF ) is a festival organised in the city of Chennai , India , by a film society , the Indo Cine Appreciation Foundation ( ICAF ) , with the support of the government of Tamil Nadu , the South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce and the Film Federation of India . From the official website , the festival aims at : providing a common platform for the film fraternity to show its expression through films ; understanding other cultures and project the excellence of this art form ; contribute to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of the different nations in the context of the social and cultural ethos ; and promote friendship and co-operation among peoples of the world . The festival has been organised since 2002 . It showcases international as well as Indian feature films . The Indian language films are divided into the Tamil ( 12 films ) and the Indian panorama featured films ( around 12 films ) . The festival screens more than 100 international feature films . The CIFF provide awards in the following categories : The Best film in Tamil . The Second Best film . Special Jury Award for individual excellence Online Film buff Award Amitabh Bachchan Youth Icon Award , from 2013", "title": "" }, { "docid": "985b16903aab57f453bc5bdecafee743", "text": "Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography The Filmfare Best Cinematography Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films . The awards started in 1954 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93dca6c966318f724a4dae420f1f9388", "text": "Vijay Award for Best Female Playback Singer The Vijay for Best Female Playback Singer is given by STAR Vijay as part of its annual Vijay Awards ceremony for Tamil ( Kollywood ) films . The award was first given in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f35ad0fed0ff5832a1f48a92d21cc9", "text": "Girish Karnad Girish Raghunath Karnad ( born 19 May 1938 ) is an Indian actor , film director , writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar , who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood . his rise as a playwright in 1960s , marked the coming of age of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada , just as Badal Sarkar did in Bengali , Vijay Tendulkar in Marathi , and Mohan Rakesh in Hindi . He is a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award , the highest literary honour conferred in India . For four decades Karnad has been composing plays , often using history and mythology to tackle contemporary issues . He has translated his plays into English and has received acclaim . His plays have been translated into some Indian languages and directed by directors like Ebrahim Alkazi , B. V. Karanth , Alyque Padamsee , Prasanna , Arvind Gaur , Satyadev Dubey , Vijaya Mehta , Shyamanand Jalan , Amal Allana and Zafer Mohiuddin . He is active in the world of Indian cinema working as an actor , director , and screenwriter , in Hindi and Kannada cinema , earning awards along the way . He was conferred Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India and won four Filmfare Awards , of which three are Filmfare Award for Best Director -- Kannada and the fourth a Filmfare Best Screenplay Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cffef5806b372d2e1affdb39c20c1850", "text": "15th Filmfare Awards The 15th Filmfare Awards were held in 1968 , celebrating the best in Hindi cinema in 1967 . Manoj Kumar 's patriotic drama Upkar was the biggest winner on the night , winning 7 awards , 4 for Manoj Kumar , including Best Film and Best Director . The smash hit ` Mere Desh Ki Dharti ' from the film also won awards for its lyricist and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "028196996dce54eca40bbbf88fbce9bd", "text": "Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer The Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer is given by STAR Vijay as part of its annual Vijay Awards ceremony for Tamil ( Kollywood ) films .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ba432c1cd591ff382c98b9e4268f9a1c", "text": "Helen Keller Helen Adams Keller ( June 27 , 1880 -- June 1 , 1968 ) was an American author , political activist , and lecturer . She was the first deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree . The story of how Keller 's teacher , Anne Sullivan , broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language , allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate , has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play and film The Miracle Worker . Her birthplace in West Tuscumbia , Alabama , is now a museum and sponsors an annual `` Helen Keller Day '' . Her birthday on June 27 is commemorated as Helen Keller Day in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and was authorized at the federal level by presidential proclamation by President Jimmy Carter in 1980 , the 100th anniversary of her birth . A prolific author , Keller was well-traveled and outspoken in her convictions . A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World , she campaigned for women 's suffrage , labor rights , socialism , antimilitarism , and other similar causes . She was inducted into the Alabama Women 's Hall of Fame in 1971 and was one of twelve inaugural inductees to the Alabama Writers Hall of Fame on June 8 , 2015 . Helen proved to the world that deaf people could all learn to communicate and that they could survive in the hearing world . She also taught that deaf people are capable of doing things that hearing people can do . She is one of the most famous deaf people in history and she is an idol to many deaf people in the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2089760e6b661084749fcf78864db3eb", "text": "Helen Muir (reporter) Helen Muir ( 1911 -- 2006 ) was an American reporter and author . Her full name was Helen Teresa Eucharia Flaherty Lennehan Muir . Her career included writing and editing for newspapers and magazines , primarily in Miami , and she published four books focused on Miami 's history . She was also known for her advocacy of libraries . She was inducted into the Florida Women 's Hall of Fame in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8c374c2de15ab4a55b68bf949cf10ff", "text": "Alexander Graham Bell School (Chicago, Illinois) This article is about the Alexander Graham Bell School in Chicago , Illinois . For other schools with the same name , see this list . Alexander Graham Bell School , also known as Bell School is a public school located in the North Center neighborhood of Chicago , Illinois , United States ; it is a part of the Chicago Public Schools . It offers grades kindergarten through grade eight . It also has a deaf department for students in preschool through grade eight and additionally a gifted department for students in grades one through eight . The elementary school was founded in 1917 with 24 classrooms for hearing students and 15 classrooms for deaf students , after the Chicago School Board allocated US$ 285,000 for it in 1915 ( approximately $ in current dollars ) . The school , one of the largest built in the Chicago Public School system at the time , was dedicated on April 1 , 1918 by its name source Alexander Graham Bell , advocate of education for deaf students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeb4b3a0e81f29c53b4e4cc1b3f0355e", "text": "Keller, Georgia Keller is a small unincorporated community located in southern Bryan County , Georgia , United States , east of Richmond Hill . Its boundaries are ill-defined , but the community could be said to be centered on the intersection of S.R. 144 and Belfast-Keller Road . Currently the area , like most of South Bryan , is an unincorporated community of extensive residential development with a number of planned neighborhoods . However , Keller also has a significant historical aspect . It is near Fort McAllister Historic Park , an earthen Civil War installation captured by General William Sherman on his March to the Sea . Bryan Neck Presbyterian Church , established in 1839 and rebuilt in 1885 , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , and is located on Belfast-Keller Road about a mile from the S.R. 144 intersection . A number of antebellum plantation houses or sites exist along the marshes and waterfront areas of extreme south Bryan County , though none are in public hands or are preserved as historic sites . The community is part of the Savannah Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "126f7f3092867e34c0a5573cb1753765", "text": "List of children's books featuring deaf characters The following is a list of books for children from preschool age to eight years old that feature deaf characters : Carole Addabbo - Dina The Deaf Dinosaur - Dina runs away from home to the forest because her parents wo n't let her learn sign language . There she befriends an owl , a chipmunk , and a mole . Age : Five through ten . Lorraine Aseltine , Evelyn Mueller , Nancy Tait - I 'm Deaf and It 's Okay - A young boy describes the frustrations caused by his deafness and the encouragement he receives from a deaf teenager that he can lead an active life . Fara Augustover - `` Harmony Hears a Hoot '' - A children 's book about a young owl named Harmony who relates to kids with and without hearing loss and teaches tolerance with her adventures . Follow Harmony on her first day of school as she meets new friends , enjoys her classes , and teaches everyone what it 's like to have something unique about themselves . Barbara D. Booth - Mandy - This story is about a girl named Mandy who can not hear and about her grandmother and the things they do together . When the story begins Mandy is making cookies in the kitchen with her grandmother . Patricia A. Dyreson - A Very Special Egg - Two children ( one deaf and the other hearing ) will discover the true meaning of Easter-including religious symbolism - `` new life '' in nature . Guy 's pictures capture the children 's facial expressions and include hands that sign . Kate Gaynor - A Birthday for Ben - `` highlights the everyday issues that deaf children may encounter on a daily basis in mainstream schools '' . '' Ron Hamilton , Peggy B. Deal ( Illustrator ) - Alan and the Baron - A deaf child tells how he uses sign language , hearing aids , and his other senses to communicate , how his friends help him , and how he goes to public school with an interpreter . Wendy Kupfer - Let 's Hear it for Almigal - Almigal is a young girl who is hearing impaired , but desperately wants to hear the world around her . She eventually finds a solution and is able to enjoy the little sounds around her . Patricia Lakin , Robert C. Steele ( Illustrator ) - Dad and Me in the Morning - Adventure of a parent and hard of hearing child at the lake . Christy Mackinnon - Silent Observer - Story of a deaf child and her family 's life in Canada during the late 1800s . Melanie Paticoff - Sophie 's Tales : Learning to Listen - Sophie is a little dog with hearing loss who hears with a cochlear implant . She visits an audiologist and has cochlear implant surgery . Melanie Paticoff - Sophie 's Tales : Overcoming Obstacles - Sophie the little dog with a cochlear implant meets Champ , a Labradoodle who wears glasses . Together they share a story of disability awareness , friendship , sportsmanship , and overcoming adversity . Jeanne Whitehouse Peterson - I Have a Sister . My Sister is Deaf - A young deaf child who loves to run and jump and play is affectionately described by her older sister . ` Can give young children an understanding of the fact that deaf children ... share all the interests of children with normal hearing . ' ` C. ` A friendly , affirmative look -LSB- at the everyday experiences of the two sisters -RSB- . ' ` BL . Anita Riggio - Secret Signs : Along the Underground Railroad - Luke , who is deaf , must find his contact on the Underground Railroad . His courage and quick thinking enable him to pass along the description of the next safe haven in a way no one would ever suspect ... Betty Rushford - Best Buddies and The Fruit of the Spirit - The collection teaches children the importance of such things as accepting people as they are , keeping promises , obeying parents , eating vegetables , fastening seatbelts , good manners , and controlling the tongue . It contains storylines about the mentally and physically handicapped , the deaf , how to handle scary situations , and the neighborhood bully . Michael Thal - Goodbye Tchaikovsky - A twelve-year-old violin virtuoso , David Rothman , is plunged into a deaf world , necessitating him to adapt to a new culture and language in order to survive . Jan Wahl , Kim Howard ( Illustrator ) - Rosa 's Parrot - A mischievous parrot wreaks havoc when he plays a trick on his hard-of-hearing owner in this tale of friendship and forgiveness ... More than just a companion , the little bird is also a help to her , repeating people 's questions loudly so that she can hear . Dawn L. Watkins - The Spelling Window - Shelly is embarrassed by her deaf friend Seth 's loud voice during a trip to the state capital . She changes her feelings to respect when an accident happens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3acb63dfbf97377e571e75f4f71d1b7e", "text": "National Association of the Deaf (India) The National Association of the Deaf ( N.A.D. India ) is an organization for the deaf in India founded in 2005 . The goal of N.A.D. is the organization and education India 's deaf population . The N.A.D. promotes the use of Indian Sign Language . The N.A.D. currently has over 2,500 members . In January 2007 , the N.A.D. was able to coordinate with the Linguistic Department of Jawahar Lal Nehru University Delhi , the launch of The Association of Sign Language Interpreters . Unlike the National Association of the Deaf ( United States ) , the N.A.D. is not affiliated with the World Federation of the Deaf ( WFD ) . However , another organization , `` All India Federation of the Deaf '' is affiliated with WDF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f09392ffa06c579592291f7e296fa91", "text": "Helen Augur Helen Augur ( died 1969 ) was an American journalist and historical writer . She was a cousin of Edmund Wilson . Augur was born in Albert Lea , Minnesota and educated at Barnard College . She became a journalist in Chicago , leaving for a while after the war to become a correspondent for the Chicago Tribune in Russia . She began writing for McCall 's in 1932 . In 1937 Augur had a `` torrid , though short-lived love affair '' with her second cousin , Edmund Wilson . She died in 1969 from lung cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f6bd343a4062453a4349c6aaa1166c", "text": "Beverly School for the Deaf Beverly School for the Deaf was founded in 1876 by William Benjamin Swett in Beverly , Massachusetts . Mr. Swett was a deaf man with a deaf daughter and saw a need for educational and vocational services for deaf children and young adults of the North Shore area of Boston . In 1879 with a small legacy and the help of his close friend , the Reverend Dr. Thomas Gallaudet , a 57 acre parcel of land was purchased overlooking the tidal waters of the Bass River in Beverly . The vision of Mr. Swett was organized and incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as the `` New England Industrial School for Deaf Mutes . '' Dr. Gallaudet served as president of the board for 22 years until his death in 1902 . Beverly School for the Deaf serves students ages 3 -- 22 who are Deaf , Hard-of-Hearing and/or have cochlear implants by providing language that is visually accessible via American Sign Language , written English , speech , and AAC / Assistive Technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "996b0eb4576f7fdc7231746ab88c38cd", "text": "Helen Schucman Helen Cohn Schucman ( July 14 , 1909 -- February 9 , 1981 ) was an American clinical and research psychologist from New York City . She was a professor of medical psychology at Columbia University in New York from 1958 until her retirement in 1976 . Schucman is best known for having `` scribed '' with the help of colleague William Thetford the book A Course in Miracles ( 1st edition , 1975 ) , the contents of which she claimed to have been given to her by an inner voice she identified as Jesus . However , as per her request , her role as its `` writer '' was not revealed to the general public until after her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b128186584f445389dbf6e4685dc4065", "text": "Helen Cha-Pyo Helen Cha-Pyo is a Korean-born American conductor and organist . The Mail Tribune of Oregon describes her as being `` on the front edge of a lustrous career as a conductor . '' Born in Seoul , South Korea , Cha-Pyo won numerous competitions and awards as a young pianist , including Grand Prize in the Young Musicians Competition in Los Angeles . At age 13 , her family immigrated from South Korea to the United States and settled near Poughkeepsie , New York . Before graduating from Poughkeepsie High School in 1986 , Cha-Pyo had already studied both piano and organ at The Juilliard School ( pre-college division ) in New York City . After graduating from the Oberlin Conservatory of Music in Ohio , Cha-Pyo relocated to Rochester , New York , where she earned a Master of Music degree in both conducting and organ performance from Eastman School of Music . While at Eastman , Cha-Pyo served as the Assistant Conductor of the Eastman Philharmonia and the Eastman Chorale , as well as studied with the organist David Higgs . Cha-Pyo was the recipient of the Charles Nicholls Memorial Award at Eastman . From 1996 through June 2003 , Helen served as the Artistic Director and Conductor of the Riverside Philharmonic Orchestra and Choir in New York City . She has also held the role of Associate Director of Music at Riverside Church in New York City . Cha-Pyo also pioneered the Riverside Music Educational Program , which currently aids thousands of inner-city students in New York City . Since 1995 she has been the Assistant Conductor of the Britt Festival Orchestra in Jacksonville , Oregon and has guest conducted several orchestras and choruses throughout Asia , Europe , and the United States . Cha-Pyo has conducted orchestras such as the Altenberg Festival Orchestra , Beethoven Chamber Orchestra , Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra , Eastman Philharmonia , Aspen Music Festival Chamber Orchestra , New Washington Symphony Orchestra , and the Washington Korean Orchestra . She has also served as the Musical Advisor at the Rachmaninoff International Music Festival in Russia . As winner of the 1992 John Rodland Memorial Organ Competition sponsored by the American Guild of Organists , she performed in numerous organ recitals throughout the Northeastern United States and Asia , including appearances with symphony orchestras as an organ soloist . In 1999 , Cha-Pyo worked with the Asian Youth Orchestra in Hong Kong , as the rehearsal conductor and assistant to Sergiu Comissiona . That same year , she conducted the U.S. premiere of `` A Garland for Linda , '' a musical tribute to Linda McCartney . In the fall of 2000 , Cha-Pyo conducted the world premiere performance of `` No Easy Walk to Freedom , '' an opera based on the life of Nelson Mandela , at the New Opera Festival at Hofstra University . Cha-Pyo has been the Music Director and Conductor of the Empire State Youth Orchestra in Albany , New York since September 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f68c84eaf0eb755bb467e78da83819", "text": "The Frost King `` The Frost King '' was a short story about King Jack Frost written by 11-year-old Helen Keller . Keller 's teacher , Anne Sullivan , had mentioned that the autumn leaves were `` painted ruby , emerald , gold , crimson , and brown , '' and Keller , by her own account , imagined fairies doing the work . Keller wrote a story about how a cask of jewels , being transported by fairy servants , had melted in the sun and covered the leaves . As a birthday gift , Keller sent the story to Michael Anagnos , head of the Perkins School for the Blind , who published the story in The Mentor , the Perkins alumni magazine . It was picked up by The Goodson Gazette , a journal on deaf-blind education , based in Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b86460c3d128e59856cba6a21c85564", "text": "Greta Keller Margaretha `` Greta '' Keller ( February 8 , 1903 -- November 11 , 1977 ) was a cabaret singer and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47e58f6add915873be421f7ddab3e43c", "text": "Charles Townsend Copeland Charles Townsend Copeland ( April 27 , 1860 -- July 24 , 1952 ) was a professor , poet , and writer . He spent much of his time as a mentor in Boston , Massachusetts , specifically at Harvard University , and also worked as a part-time theater critic . Known as `` Copey '' by many of his peers and admirers , he became known for his Harvard poetry readings in the 1930s . In her autobiography , The Story of My Life , Helen Keller paid high praise to Copley as an instructor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67c8f2f710529a63afd3bd99c2a31107", "text": "Jeannette Thurber Jeanette Thurber ( also known as Jeannette Meyers Thurber , January 29 , 1850 , in Delhi , New York -- January 2 , 1946 in Bronxville , New York ) was amongst the first major patrons of classical music in the United States . Thurber established the National Conservatory of Music of America in 1885 -- the first of its kind and an endeavor that some say ushered in the first orchestral music with a distinctively American sound . But in a very radical stance for the day , Thurber championed the rights of women , people of color and the handicapped to attend her school , sometimes on full scholarship . This was 1885 -- not too long after the Civil War -- and her school was racially integrated , promoted women , and had an inclusive stance toward the handicapped . Thurber founded the school in part because of her belief that a nation should cultivate its own unique music -- an unusual stance when the prevailing attitude was that all cultured art , especially orchestral music , came from Germany or Italy . While running the school , she sponsored competitions for American musicians to develop American music . `` The National Conservatory of Music of America was the outstanding institution for professional musical preparation in the United States for some 25 years or more . At its height in the 1890s it boasted a faculty of international renown ... and initiated a course of studies whose features became a basis for the curriculum now taken for granted in the colleges and conservatories of this country . Its achievements resulted from the endeavors of a single visionary : Jeanette M Thurber , a wealthy , idealistic New Yorker who devoted most of her life to the school ... Although her innovative design for the Conservatory was influential in shaping the course of American music for the 20th century , Mrs. Thurber and her school have slipped into undeserved obscurity . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a76f8c11b4fc965ec720d32962c55a14", "text": "Helen Menken Helen Menken ( December 12 , 1901 -- March 27 , 1966 ) was an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c1f303c0d0be0bf1dc755358862de3", "text": "Helen Frye Helen Frye or Fry may refer to : Helen Fisher Frye ( 1918 -- 2014 ) , American educator and civil rights activist Helen J. Frye ( 1930 -- 2011 ) , American judge Helen Frye ( writer ) , British writer and poet , see 1970 in literature Helen Varner Vanderbilt Frye ( 1908 -- 1979 ) , American and former wife to Cornelius Vanderbilt IV and Jack Frye Helen Kemp Frye ( 1910 -- 1986 ) Canadian educator , editor and artist , first wife of Northrop Frye Helen Fry ( born 1967 ) , historian Helen Fry , a song on The Felice Brothers ( album )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1225ee13077494488f8e9b1c33046f8", "text": "Festival for Cinema of the Deaf The Festival for Cinema of the Deaf was founded by Joshua Flanders who founded and ran the Chicago Institute for the Moving Image ( CIMI ) , a not-for-profit film organization , and was the first deaf film festival in North America . Their mission is to open the doors to the millions of deaf and hard-of-hearing people worldwide so they may enjoy and understand movies in the theater . They have created a forum for deaf writers , actors and directors to showcase their work under the heading of Deaf Cinema . Chicago festivals were held consecutively in 2002 , 2003 , and 2004 , with CIMI-led deaf film festivals held in Tampa , Boston and Texas . Academy Award winning actress Marlee Matlin hosted the 2004 Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd7f06488d2e6e0be0e5b93c9270031a", "text": "Helen Herron Taft Helen Louise Herron `` Nellie '' Taft ( June 2 , 1861 -- May 22 , 1943 ) was the wife of William Howard Taft and First Lady of the United States from 1909 to 1913 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f99bdfd941901ed36567ccaeb067317", "text": "Part-talkie A part-talkie is a partly , and most often primarily , silent film which includes one or more synchronous sound sequences with audible dialog or singing . During the silent portions lines of dialog are presented as `` titles '' -- printed text briefly filling the screen -- and the soundtrack is used only to supply musical accompaniment and sound effects . In the case of feature films made in the United States , nearly all such hybrid films date to the 1927-1929 period of transition from `` silents '' to full-fledged `` talkies '' with audible dialog throughout . It took about a year and a half for a transition period for American movie houses to move from almost all silent to almost all equipped for sound . In the interim period , studios reacted by improvising four solutions : fast remakes of recent productions , `` goat gland '' pictures with one or two sound sequences spliced into already finished productions , dual sound and silent versions produced simultaneously , and part-talkies . The famous so-called `` first talking picture '' , The Jazz Singer ( 1927 ) , starring Al Jolson , is in fact a part-talkie . It features only about fifteen minutes of singing and talking , interspersed throughout the film , while the rest is a typical silent film with `` titles '' and only a recorded orchestral accompaniment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2911229422180159f49fb609afe79c02", "text": "Helen Levitt Helen Levitt ( August 31 , 1913 -- March 29 , 2009 ) was an American photographer . She was particularly noted for `` street photography '' around New York City , and has been called `` the most celebrated and least known photographer of her time . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bebbb494f424f9d2600a1b4d692bb8ee", "text": "Alice Cogswell Alice Cogswell ( August 31 , 1805 -- December 30 , 1830 ) was the inspiration to Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet for the creation of the American School for the Deaf in Hartford , Connecticut . At the age of two , Alice became ill with `` spotted fever '' ( cerebral-spinal meningitis ) . This illness took her hearing and later she lost her speech as well . At the time , deafness was viewed as equivalent to a mental illness , and it was believed that the deaf could not be taught . Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet moved into the house next door to hers when she was nine years old . He soon noticed that she was n't interacting with the other children , and when he asked why , he was informed that she was deaf . Intrigued , he decided to teach her to communicate through pictures and writing letters in the dirt . He and Alice 's father , Dr. Mason Cogswell , decided that a formal school would be best for her , but no such school existed in the United States . Gallaudet went to Europe for 15 months , bringing Laurent Clerc back with him upon his return . During the time of his absence , Alice attended a hearing school and somewhat furthered her education , though the situation was not ideal . She was very lively , and enjoyed reading , sewing , and dancing . She was reportedly very good at mimicking others , and was fascinated by the concept of music . Alice Cogswell and six other deaf students entered the school that would become the American School for the Deaf in April 1817 . She died at the age of twenty-five on December 30 , 1830 , exactly twenty days after the death of her father , on December 10 , 1830 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "71ebea11f853e8c3dc51072f82ed9a3e", "text": "Abandon (film) Abandon is a 2002 American psychological thriller drama film written and directed by Stephen Gaghan , starring Katie Holmes as a college student whose boyfriend ( Charlie Hunnam ) disappeared two years previously . Despite being set at an American university , much of the movie was filmed in Canada at McGill University 's McConnell Hall . It is based on the book Adams Fall by Sean Desmond . The book was re-titled Abandon for the movie tie-in paperback printing . The film co-stars Zooey Deschanel and Gabrielle Union , with Benjamin Bratt playing the detective investigating the boyfriend 's disappearance . It received generally negative reviews , with Variety magazine dismissing it as `` a tricked-up Fatal Attraction wannabe '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31a04603562e957308e5e64ae404a56a", "text": "Katie Holmes Kate Noelle Holmes ( born December 18 , 1978 ) is an American actress who first achieved fame for her role as Joey Potter on The WB television teen drama Dawson 's Creek from 1998 to 2003 . She appeared in 1998 's Disturbing Behavior , a thriller , which won her an MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance . In 2000 Holmes featured in Wonder Boys which got positive attention from many leading critics . Holmes had a starring role in 2003 's Pieces of April , a gritty comedy about a dysfunctional family on Thanksgiving . In the 2005 film Batman Begins , the highest-grossing film of her career to date , she played Rachel Dawes , Gotham City 's assistant district attorney and Bruce Wayne 's childhood sweetheart . She also appeared in art house films such as The Ice Storm , horror films such as Do n't Be Afraid of the Dark and thrillers including Abandon . She has also played on Broadway in a production of Arthur Miller 's All My Sons and had numerous guest roles on television programs such as How I Met Your Mother . In 2011 , she starred as Jacqueline Kennedy in the The Kennedys miniseries , a role she later reprised in the 2017 miniseries The Kennedys : After Camelot . Her marriage to actor Tom Cruise from 2006 to 2012 led to a great deal of media attention , with the pair being called a supercouple and given the nickname `` TomKat '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5052c493a93118f14746f4f19fb16bec", "text": "Kill Katie Malone Kill Katie Malone is a 2010 American horror film directed by Carlos Ramos Jr. and starring Masiela Lusha from The George Lopez Show and Dean Cain . The screenplay was written by Mark Onspaugh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51653dbba5be7b2242ec92c949a44cfe", "text": "Callas Forever Callas Forever is a 2002 biographical film directed by Franco Zeffirelli , who co-wrote the screenplay with Martin Sherman . It is an homage to Zeffirelli 's friend , internationally acclaimed opera diva Maria Callas , whom he directed on stage in Norma , La Traviata , and Tosca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e7e6437c891d200230e74e072a096c3", "text": "Katie Cassidy Katherine Evelyn Anita `` Katie '' Cassidy ( born November 25 , 1986 ) is an American actress . After initially appearing in minor television roles , she made her film debut in When a Stranger Calls ( 2006 ) . During the same year , she also had her first starring role as Kelli Presley in Black Christmas ( 2006 ) . In 2007 , Cassidy gained attention for her role as Ruby on the supernatural-horror television series Supernatural , during its third season . She later had a supporting role in Taken . In 2009 , Cassidy became a cast member of the series Harper 's Island and Melrose Place , both of which lasted for only one season . During 2010 , she had a supporting role in A Nightmare on Elm Street and a recurring role during the fourth season of Gossip Girl . Cassidy had her breakthrough in 2012 , after being cast as Laurel Lance / Black Canary , one of the main protagonists on the television series Arrow , which spawned an entire franchise known as the Arrowverse . Cassidy reprises her role in The Flash , Legends of Tomorrow and voiced the character in the animated web series Vixen . Following her character 's death , Cassidy began playing Laurel Lance / Black Siren , an antagonistic version of her character from a parallel universe , starting in The Flash and continuing on to Arrow . Because of her roles in numerous horror films ( most of which are remakes of classics of the genre ) which include her feature film debut When a Stranger Calls ( 2006 ) , The Lost ( 2006 ) , Black Christmas ( 2006 ) , and A Nightmare on Elm Street ( 2010 ) , she has been called a modern-day scream queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a92d785ea84c201ddd93b988bbc50f", "text": "Pressure (2002 film) Pressure is a 2002 thriller film , starring Kerr Smith and Lochlyn Munro . It was co-written and directed by Richard Gale . The film was first shown at the American Film Market on February 20 , 2002 , before being released direct-to-video on November 26 , 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8144600798a5f4b37fba6ba72f471c4", "text": "28 Weeks Later 28 Weeks Later is a 2007 British science fiction horror film , structured as a sequel to the critically and commercially successful 2002 film 28 Days Later . 28 Weeks Later was co-written and directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo , with Danny Boyle and Alex Garland , director and writer of 28 Days Later respectively , now acting as executive producers . It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on 11 May 2007 . The plot depicts the efforts of NATO military forces to salvage a safe zone in London following the events in 28 Days Later , the consequence of two young siblings breaking protocol to find their infected mother , and the resulting reintroduction of the highly contagious virus to the safe zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d667b0e877b339cd5c0fa4ac3e81dbc", "text": "Thirteen Ghosts Thirteen Ghosts ( also known as 13 Ghosts and stylized as THIR13EN Ghosts ) is a 2001 Canadian-American supernatural horror film directed by Steve Beck . It is a remake of the 1960 film 13 Ghosts by William Castle . It follows the remake of another one of Castle 's films , House on Haunted Hill , and was shot entirely around Lower Mainland , British Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a45b6489363f7b43859dd909a281644f", "text": "Don't Look Back (2009 film) Do n't Look Back ( Ne te retourne pas ) is a 2009 French thriller film directed by Marina de Van and starring Sophie Marceau and Monica Bellucci . Written by Jacques Akchoti and Marina de Van , the film is about a wife and mother of two children who suddenly notices changes to the way the family home is arranged and feels that her body is transforming without anyone around her noticing it . While others believe her perceptions are due to fatigue and stress , she is sure that something more profound is happening , and her search to understand these mysterious perceptions prompts her to track down a woman in Italy who holds the key to the mystery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5873e6f95565031197bd64784523af07", "text": "2002 (film) 2002 is a Hong Kong science fiction action film directed by Wilson Yip and starring Nicholas Tse and Stephen Fung", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab38fc0a9931ba848422b711734482bc", "text": "They (2002 film) They ( also known as Wes Craven Presents : They ) is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Robert Harmon . The plot centers on a group of four adults named Julia Lund , Sam Burnside , Terry Alba , and Billy Parks and their experience with the phenomenon of night terrors and the impact they had on their lives as children and how they come back to haunt them as adults . The film was produced by Ted Field , Tom Engleman , and Wes Craven who served as executive producer . The film stars Laura Regan , Ethan Embry , Dagmara Dominczyk , Jay Brazeau , and Marc Blucas . The title is a reference to the fact that the creatures are only referred to as `` They '' as their origins are ambiguous . The film was a box office bomb and had lukewarm reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "becb852a9a1d129df458f58244030ab3", "text": "Love Liza Love Liza is a 2002 American comedy-drama film directed by Todd Louiso and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Jack Kehler , Wayne Duvall , Sarah Koskoff and Stephen Tobolowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6aff1d7f80522db9808e8fcdc522b1a", "text": "The Rules of Attraction (film) The Rules of Attraction is a 2002 black comedy film written and directed by Roger Avary , based on the novel of the same name by Bret Easton Ellis . It stars James van der Beek , Shannyn Sossamon , Ian Somerhalder , Jessica Biel , Kate Bosworth , and Kip Pardue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "944527e7a78ebc90b233741c2d8cdaea", "text": "Leave Me Like You Found Me Leave Me Like You Found Me is a 2012 American romantic drama film written and directed by Adele Romanski and starring Megan Boone and David Nordstrom . It is Romanski 's directorial debut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2110825d0afd99f9bb63194ad4ae05cc", "text": "Sparkhouse Sparkhouse is a BBC drama , originally shown on BBC One from 1 to 8 September 2002 . Written by Sally Wainwright , it is a modern take on Wuthering Heights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c733dda152a1e16f12ec7ba4c3c9ab0", "text": "Fear of the Dark (2002 film) Fear of the Dark is a 2002 Canadian horror film directed by K.C. Bascombe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4d0e1086b642ca16abc4f143ac26320", "text": "Murder by Numbers Murder by Numbers is a 2002 American psychological thriller film produced and directed by Barbet Schroeder starring Sandra Bullock , Ben Chaplin , Ryan Gosling and Michael Pitt . It is loosely based on the Leopold and Loeb case . The film was screened at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival , but was not entered in competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a41e4a331eafea81d63bd3b732e383d9", "text": "Dark Descent Dark Descent is a 2002 film written and directed by Daniel Knauf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d2a81c98d459a3eab9650e484b34fffb", "text": "Snowpiercer Snowpiercer ( hangul : 설국열차 ; hanja : 雪國列車 ; RR : Seolgungnyeolcha ) is a 2013 English-language South Korean-Czech science fiction thriller film based on the French graphic novel Le Transperceneige by Jacques Lob , Benjamin Legrand and Jean-Marc Rochette . The film is directed by Bong Joon-ho , and written by Bong and Kelly Masterson . The film marks Bong 's English-language debut ; approximately 80 % of the film was shot in English . The film stars Chris Evans , Song Kang-ho , Tilda Swinton , Jamie Bell , Octavia Spencer , Go Ah-sung , John Hurt , and Ed Harris . The movie takes place aboard the globe-spanning Snowpiercer train which holds the last remnants of humanity after an attempt at climate engineering in order to stop global warming has unintentionally created a new ice age . Evans stars as Curtis Everett , a member of the lower-class tail section passengers as they lead a revolution against the elite of the front of the train . Filming was done on train car sets mounted on gimbals at Barrandov Studios in Prague to simulate the motion of the train . Snowpiercer was well received by critics , and appeared on many film critics ' top ten film lists of 2014 following its international release . Praise was primarily directed towards its vision , direction , and performances , particularly Evans 's and Swinton 's . Initially planned for a limited-screen showing in the United States , the critical response to the film prompted The Weinstein Company to expand the showing to more theaters and through digital streaming services . Produced at a budget of $ 40 million , it remains as the most expensive Korean production ever .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e78701a46db1d8bca6488ca193abaa7c", "text": "Pokémon Apokélypse Pokémon Apokélypse is a 2010 fan-made short film directed by Kial Natale and produced by Dylan Innes and Lee Majdoub . Based on the Pokémon franchise , the storyline takes place several years after the events of the original anime series . Intended as a fan-response to `` the common trend of ` dark and gritty ' reboots of popular franchises '' , the film was meant to give a mature spin on Pokémon and be in the same vein as work seen on parody website CollegeHumor . The creators initially intended to reveal the film at the Vancouver Anime Evolution convention , it was not shown due to technical difficulties . Instead on September 14 , 2010 , it revealed online via a teaser segment distributed through emails sent to various media outlets , which presented itself as a recording of a `` secret movie trailer screening '' for a film in development . The full film followed shortly thereafter , posted online on September 20 . The result of almost two years of work , the film follows Ash Ketchum and his friends years after the events of the original anime series , and their struggle against criminal organization Rocket Industries . Deciding on using the subject of Pokémon after considering several possibilities such as Grand Theft Auto and Dragon Ball Z , the producers were surprised by fan reaction to the material . Despite praises for the content , they have stated they have no intention to produce a full-fledged film . The initial `` leaked '' preview was met with skepticism and criticism , with Crave Online in particular recalling the trend of past video game-inspired films being of poor quality . Kotaku and Topless Robot in particular noting that the preview did it a disservice by hiding the charm of the completed project , which by comparison was met with very positive reception . GamesRadar called it `` amazing '' , and stated that the content was `` good enough for grown ups '' ; in a further discussion , they added they were impressed by the quality of the work , and how it addressed the similarity between the games and dog fighting . Other sources such as The Escapist and Game Informer also heavily praised the production , with the former lamenting that such a concept would never officially appear from Nintendo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "800b4b01e202bb19cf991cb95f735a08", "text": "Everything's Cool (film) Everything 's Cool is a 2007 documentary film that examines the divide between scientists and the general populace on the topic of global warming . Director Dan Gold said of the motivation for the film that `` I 'm optimistic that finally the message that this is real , that human beings are the cause of the most recent warming trend , and that it 's an important issue , that message is actually reaching America . On the other hand ... if that message was fully understood , we would be moving a lot faster to slow this down and to reverse this course . '' The documentary was shown at the Sundance film festival in January 2007 and at the San Francisco International Film Festival in May 2007 . The directors also took Blue Vinyl , a film about plastic pollution , to Sundance in 2002 . It was shown on CBC in Canada as part of the Passionate Eye series . The New York Times called it `` a breezy polemic about the politics of global warming ... -LSB- that -RSB- adopts a cheerful comic tone to avoid scaring audiences . '' The LA Times said that `` With wit and passion , Gold and Helfand marshal a plethora of data and developments yet never lose their narrative thread . '' . The New York Sun was less favourable , calling it `` the best movie I 've ever seen about global warming for kids in junior high school , but it 's the most annoying movie about global warming I 've ever seen for adults . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ef0077c7883f2dd598fb550444edd", "text": "The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e93ded0a4f790f943320e06e5782", "text": "Matchstick Productions Matchstick Productions , also known as MSP Films , is a film production company based in Crested Butte , Colorado that specializes in producing ski movies . Steve Winter and Murray Wais founded the company in 1992 . According to MSP 's website , `` Matchstick aims to create entertaining films that not only are stunning visually but on the cutting edge of action sports . '' MSP has released a feature-length ski movie every year since 1992 with several gaining critical acclaim : their breakthrough film `` Ski Movie '' , featuring many of the world 's best skiers at the time , was released in 2000 and won `` Movie of the Year '' from both Powder Magazine and Freeze Magazine . MSP is the most award-winning ski film company in history , with eight `` Movie of the Year '' honors and `` Best Documentary '' prize at the Powder Video Awards , three Emmy nominations for outstanding camerawork , and `` Viewers ' Choice '' runner-up at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23de006a8287615e18aefef780aff4d1", "text": "Snowflake, the White Gorilla Snowflake , the White Gorilla ( Copito de Nieve ) is a Spanish direct-to-video live action/animated adventure film directed by Andrés G. Schaer . The film depicts the fictional childhood of the white gorilla Snowflake . In United States , the film was released on . The English dub of the film stars David Spade , Ariana Grande , Jennette McCurdy , Nathan Kress , Dallas Lovato , Keith David , and Christopher Lloyd . It was produced by Grindstone Entertainment Group and distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d82cc9bb9cdc662e46a0f744e0dbf6b", "text": "Snowstorm (disambiguation) Snowstorm may refer to : Winter storm , a type of precipitation in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold temperatures Winter Storm ( Kirov novel ) , a military alternative history novel by John Schettler `` Snowstorm toy '' , also known as snow globe Snowstorm , a rock band in Gothenburg , Sweden `` Snowstorm '' , a song by Galaxie 500 from their 1989 album On Fire `` Snowstorm '' , a techno song by Fracus `` Snowstorm '' , a song by Wintersleep from their 2003 album Wintersleep Snowstorm , California , former name of Termo , California The Snowstorm : A Christmas Story , a book by Catherine Gore The Snow-Storm , poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson Snowstorm Records , a record label featuring acts such as Chris T-T Buran ( spacecraft ) , a Soviet space shuttle SnowStorm , a popular game on Habbo Hotel Snow Storm ( G.I. Joe ) , a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe Snowstorm ( film ) , a 1977 Yugoslav film directed by Antun Vrdoljak", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac50c63377b4f354dedda3a53416b89", "text": "Snow Falls `` Snow Falls '' is the third episode of the American fairy tale/drama television series Once Upon a Time . The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke , Maine , in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the `` real world '' town by a powerful curse . This episode centers on the first meeting of Snow White ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming ( Joshua Dallas ) , when the former steals his mother 's ring ; Charming hunts her down , but they later part amicably . Meanwhile , Snow 's Storybrooke counterpart , Mary Margaret ( Goodwin ) , develops a personal bond with a comatose John Doe ( Dallas ) while reading him fairy tales . During the night , he awakens and escapes the hospital ; Mary Margaret locates the amnesiac man , but is dismayed to learn that he is married . The episode was written by co-executive producer Liz Tigelaar , while being directed by Dean White . It featured the first appearance of David Anders as Dr. Whale and Anastasia Griffith in the dual role of Kathryn Nolan and Princess Abigail . `` Snow Falls '' serves as a prequel to the pilot episode . Goodwin injured herself during filming and received facial stitches in a local emergency room , though she and Dallas still called the episode their favorite up to that point . It first aired in the United States on ABC on November 6 , 2011 . An estimated 11.4 million viewers tuned into the episode , and it placed second in its timeslot , though it garnered five percent fewer viewers than the previous episode . `` Snow Falls '' received generally positive reviews from television critics , with several calling it an indication that the series was improving over time . The chemistry between Goodwin and Dallas was particularly highlighted for praise . A novelization of the episode was released in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e0d0b4bceb23db7d8aac6fa5a502fe4", "text": "Snow in Florida It is very rare for snow to fall in the U.S. state of Florida , especially in the central and southern portions of the state . With the exception of the far northern areas of the state and the Jacksonville area , most of the major cities of Florida have never recorded measurable snowfall , have only recorded trace ( T ) amounts , or have only reported flurries in the air , usually just a few times each century . In the Florida Keys and Key West there is no known occurrence of snow flurries since the settlement of the region . Due to Florida 's low latitude and subtropical climate , temperatures cold enough to support significant snowfall are infrequent and their duration is fleeting . In general , frost is more common than snow , requiring temperatures of 32 ° F ( 0 ° C ) or less at 2 m above sea level , a cloudless sky , and a relative humidity of 65 % or more . Generally , for snow to occur , the polar jet stream must move southward through Texas and into the Gulf of Mexico , with a stalled cold front across the southern portion of the state curving northeastward to combine freezing air into the frontal clouds . While light snowfall occurs a few times each decade across the northern panhandle , most of the state is too far south of the cold continental air masses responsible for generating snowfall in the rest of the country . The mean maximum monthly snowfall in most parts of Florida is zero . The only other areas in the continental United States with this distinction are extreme southern Texas and parts of coastal southern California . Much of the known information on snow in Florida prior to 1900 is from climatological records provided by the National Weather Service meteorological station in Jacksonville , and information for other locations is sparse . The earliest recorded instance of snow in Florida occurred in 1774 ; being unaccustomed to snow , some Jacksonville residents called it `` extraordinary white rain . '' The first White Christmas in northeastern Florida 's history resulted from a snow event that occurred on December 23 , 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e719d270d9bb7d936a536bfbb7145054", "text": "Let It Snow (2001 film) Let It Snow is a 2001 romantic comedy movie . The story involves a young man who finds love during `` snow days '' time off from high school , but spends years finding his true self . He is haunted by the family `` curse '' -- as told to him by his grandmother -- that the men in the family are doomed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ece8ad8b73830c9e859442b91c3781d1", "text": "Schneeland Schneeland ( German : `` Snowland '' ) is a 2005 film written and directed by German filmmaker Hans W. Geissendörfer . Based on the novel Hohaj by Elisabeth Rynell , it depicts the devastation felt by Elizabeth ( Maria Schrader ) , a woman who had lost her husband in a car crash and wants to leave her three young children to join him in death by wandering out into the snowy deserts of Lapland . As she wanders through the snow , Elizabeth discovers the story of Aron ( Thomas Kretschmann ) and Ina ( Julia Jentsch ) , a couple who overcame dark secrets and over-controlling family members to be with each other . Schneeland premiered in January 2005 at the Sundance Film Festival and was released nationwide in German later that month . At the Deutscher Filmpreis ( German Film Awards ) in 2005 , it was nominated for four awards including Best Costume Design and Best Production Design . It won for Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8955f97939f2f6b40f3762991f743fc", "text": "2013 Deauville American Film Festival The 39th Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from August 30 to September 8 , 2013 . Steven Soderbergh 's drama film Behind the Candelabra served as the opening night film . Snowpiercer by Bong Joon-ho was the closing night film of the festival . The Grand Prix was awarded to Night Moves by Kelly Reichardt . Complete lineup for the festival was announced on July 19 , 2013 , including episodes from Television shows for the Television section at the festival . Electronic music duo Justice was given Carte blanche section to show nine of their favourite American films to the festival audience . The festival paid tribute to Cate Blanchett , Nicolas Cage , Larry Clark , Gale Anne Hurd and John Travolta and hosted retrospective of their films . The festival honoured American actor , singer , dancer , and comedian Danny Kaye with Deauville Legend award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21a062d3bec48b93e539789a8e06c4d", "text": "Cool It (film) Cool It is a 2010 documentary film based on the book Cool It : The Skeptical Environmentalist 's Guide to Global Warming by Danish political scientist Bjørn Lomborg . The film stars Lomborg , best known for authoring The Skeptical Environmentalist . It premiered in September in Canada at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival and had a theatrical United States release on November 12 , 2010 . The film was directed by Ondi Timoner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88339e4403ab44f897767999ce0c3eee", "text": "The Red Snowball Tree The Red Snowball Tree ( -LSB- Калина красная , Kalina krasnaya -RSB- ) is a 1974 Soviet drama film directed by Vasily Shukshin . It was the most successful film of that year . In total the film was watched by over 140 million people . German film director and screenwriter Rainer Werner Fassbinder included The Red Snowball Tree in the top ten of his favorite films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3567aa5cb17731983ccaf9fddb3de925", "text": "Dysphonia Dysphonia , one common form of which is referred to as hoarse voice , refers to dysfunction in the ability to produce voice . For voice to be classified as `` dysphonic '' , abnormalities must be present in one or more vocal parameters : pitch , loudness , quality , or variability . Perceptually , dysphonia can be characterised by hoarse , breathy , harsh , or rough vocal qualities , but some kind of phonation remains . Current prevalence rates suggest that dysphonia is higher in females and the elderly , however , it can be found in both sexes and across the lifespan . Furthermore , certain occupational groups , such as teachers and singers , may be at increased risk for developing dysphonia . Dysphonia can be categorized into two broad main types : organic and functional . The type of dysphonia is dependent on the cause of the pathology . While the causes of dysphonia can be divided into five basic categories , all of them result in an interruption of the ability of the vocal folds to vibrate normally during exhalation , which affects the voice . The assessment and diagnosis of dysphonia is done by a multidisciplinary team , and involves the use of a variety of subjective and objective measures , which look at both the quality of the voice as well as the physical state of the larynx.Multiple treatments have been developed to address organic and functional causes of dysphonia . Dysphonia can be targeted through direct therapy , indirect therapy , medical treatments , and surgery . Functional dysphonias may be treated through direct and indirect voice therapies , whereas surgeries are recommended for chronic , organic dysphonias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eb773e255634d6dd841e2186f97a15", "text": "Bogart–Bacall syndrome Bogart -- Bacall syndrome ( BBS ) is a voice disorder that is caused by abuse or overuse of the vocal cords . People who speak or sing outside their normal vocal range can develop BBS ; symptoms are chiefly an unnaturally deep or rough voice , or dysphonia , and vocal fatigue . The people most commonly afflicted are those who speak in a low-pitched voice , particularly if they have poor breath and vocal control . The syndrome can affect both men and women . In 1988 an article was published , describing a discrete type of vocal dysfunction which results in men sounding like Humphrey Bogart and women sounding like Lauren Bacall . BBS is now the medical term for an ongoing hoarseness that often afflicts actors , singers or TV/radio voice workers who routinely speak in a very low pitch . Treatment usually involves voice therapy by a speech language pathologist .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "91adcde72eecefa1fe9bf610ca803f9b", "text": "Lateral release (phonetics) In phonetics , a lateral release is the release of a plosive consonant into a lateral consonant . Such sounds are transcribed in the IPA with a superscript , for example as -LSB- -LSB- tˡ -RSB- -RSB- in English spotless -LSB- -LSB- ˈspɒtˡlɨs -RSB- -RSB- . In English words such as middle in which , historically , the tongue made separate contacts with the alveolar ridge for the -LSB- / d / -RSB- and -LSB- / l / -RSB- , -LSB- -LSB- ˈmɪdəl -RSB- -RSB- , many speakers today make only one tongue contact . That is , the -LSB- / d / -RSB- is laterally released directly into the -LSB- / l / -RSB- : -LSB- -LSB- ˈmɪdˡl̩ -RSB- -RSB- . While this is a minor phonetic detail in English ( in fact , it is commonly transcribed as having no audible release : -LSB- -LSB- ˈspɒt̚lɨs -RSB- -RSB- , -LSB- -LSB- ˈmɪd̚l̩ -RSB- -RSB- ) , it may be more important in other languages . In most languages ( as in English ) , laterally-released plosives are straightforwardly analyzed as biphonemic clusters whose second element is -LSB- / l / -RSB- . For certain languages , however , it is sometimes claimed that laterally-released consonants are unitary phonemes . According to Peter Ladefoged and Ian Maddieson , the choice between one or another analysis is purely based on phonological convenience -- there is no actual acoustic or articulatory difference between one language 's `` laterally-released plosive '' and another language 's biphonemic cluster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3617454cd2ca49e92fe8124932c0820", "text": "Voice (grammar) In grammar , the voice of a verb , also called diathesis -LSB- daɪˈæθəsɪs -RSB- and ( rarely ) the gender of a verb , describes the relationship between the action ( or state ) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments ( subject , object , etc. ) . When the subject is the agent or doer of the action , the verb is in the active voice . When the subject is the patient , target or undergoer of the action , the verb is said to be in the passive voice . For example , in the sentence : The cat ate the mouse . the verb `` ate '' is in the active voice . However , in the sentence : The mouse was eaten by the cat . the verbal phrase `` was eaten '' is passive . In the sentence : The hunter killed the bear . the verb `` killed '' is in the active voice , and the doer of the action is the `` hunter '' . A passive version of the sentence is : The bear was killed by the hunter . where the verbal phrase `` was killed '' is followed by the word `` by '' and then by the doer `` hunter '' . In a transformation from an active-voice clause to an equivalent passive-voice construction , the subject and the direct object switch grammatical roles . The direct object gets promoted to subject , and the subject demoted to an ( optional ) complement . In the first example above , the mouse serves as the direct object in the active-voice version , but becomes the subject in the passive version . The subject of the active-voice version , the cat , becomes part of a prepositional phrase in the passive version of the sentence , and can be left out entirely .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9470a75e05a88d73242edd4edc5a66de", "text": "Homophony In music , homophony ( -LSB- həˈmɒfəni , _ hoʊ - , _ - ˈmɒfni -RSB- Greek : ὁμόφωνος , homóphōnos , from ὁμός , homós , `` same '' and φωνή , phōnē , `` sound , tone '' ) is a texture in which a primary part is supported by one or more additional strands that flesh out the harmony and often provide rhythmic contrast . This differentiation of roles contrasts with equal-voice polyphony ( in which similar lines move with rhythmic and melodic independence to form an even texture ) and monophony ( in which all parts move in unison or octaves ) . Historically , homophony and its differentiated roles for parts emerged in tandem with tonality , which gave distinct harmonic functions to the soprano , bass and inner voices . A homophonic texture may be homorhythmic , which means that all parts have the same rhythm . Chorale texture is another variant of homophony . The most common type of homophony is melody-dominated homophony , in which one voice , often the highest , plays a distinct melody , and the accompanying voices work together to articulate an underlying harmony . Initially , in Ancient Greece , homophony indicated music in which a single melody is performed by two or more voices in unison or octaves , i.e. monophony with multiple voices . Homophony as a term first appeared in English with Charles Burney in 1776 , emphasizing the concord of harmonized melody .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22a0f20db557cd25e7ac672a420143c2", "text": "Aprosodia Aprosodia is a neurological condition characterized by the inability of a person to properly convey or interpret emotional prosody . Prosody in language refers to the ranges of rhythm , pitch , stress , intonation , etc. . These neurological deficits can be the result of damage of some form to the non-dominant hemisphere areas of language production . The prevalence of aprosodias in individuals is currently unknown , as testing for aprosodia secondary to other brain injury is only a recent occurrence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50b5917e7707aa92b465bc5e3aed9170", "text": "Vowel chart vowels In phonetics , a vowel is a sound in spoken language , with two competing definitions . In the more common phonetic definition , a vowel is a sound pronounced with an open vocal tract , so that the tongue does not touch the lips , teeth , or roof of the mouth , such as the English `` ah '' ɑː or `` oh '' oʊ . There is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis . This contrasts with consonants , such as the English `` sh '' -LSB- -LSB- ʃː -RSB- -RSB- , which have a constriction or closure at some point along the vocal tract . In the other , phonological definition , a vowel is defined as syllabic , the sound that forms the peak of a syllable . A phonetically equivalent but non-syllabic sound is a semivowel . In oral languages , phonetic vowels normally form the peak ( nucleus ) of many to all syllables , whereas consonants form the onset and ( in languages that have them ) coda . Some languages allow other sounds to form the nucleus of a syllable , such as the syllabic ( i.e. , vocalic ) l in the English word table -LSB- -LSB- ˈtʰeɪb.l̩ -RSB- -RSB- ( when not considered to have a weak vowel sound : -LSB- -LSB- ˈtʰeɪb.əl -RSB- -RSB- ) or the syllabic r in the Serbo-Croatian word vrt -LSB- -LSB- vr̩t -RSB- -RSB- `` garden '' . The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis , meaning `` vocal '' ( `` relating to voice '' ) . In English , the word vowel is commonly used to mean both vowel sounds and the written symbols that represent them . These letters are vowels in English : A , E , I , O , U , and sometimes Y and W in two words .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79df06ff12ffed4c87286342fc49acbe", "text": "Prenasalized consonant Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent ( or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant such as -LSB- -LSB- ɺ -RSB- -RSB- ) that behave phonologically like single consonants . The primary reason for considering these to be single consonants , rather than clusters as in English finger or member , lies in their behavior ; however , there may also be phonetic correlates which distinguish prenasalized consonants from clusters . Because of the additional difficulty in both articulation and timing , prenasalized fricatives and sonorants are not as common as prenasalized stops or affricates , and the presence of the former implies the latter . In most languages , when a prenasalized consonant is described as `` voiceless '' , it is only the oral portion that is voiceless , while the nasal portion is modally voiced . Thus a language may have `` voiced '' -LSB- -LSB- ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ -RSB- -RSB- and `` voiceless '' -LSB- -LSB- ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk -RSB- -RSB- . However , in some Southern Min ( incl . Taiwanese ) dialects , voiced stops are preceded by voiceless prenasalization : -LSB- -LSB- ᵐ̥b ⁿ̥d ⁿ̥ɺ ᵑ̊ɡ -RSB- -RSB- . Prenasalized stops may be distinguished from post-stopped nasals ( orally released nasals ) , such as the -LSB- / mᵇ nᵈ ɲᶡ ŋᶢ / -RSB- of Acehnese and similar sounds ( including voiceless -LSB- / mᵖ / -RSB- etc. ) in many dialects of Chinese . ( Though at least in the Chinese case , in some dialects the nasalization continues in diminished degree through to the vowel , indicating that the consonant is partially denasalized rather than actually having an oral release . ) No language is known to contrast the two types of consonant , which are distinguished primarily by a difference in timing ( brief nasal followed by longer stop vs longer nasal followed by brief stop ) , nor are any expected to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2daabfee8eee5a759f3ac3ec33774a75", "text": "Hearing aid A hearing aid or deaf aid is a device designed to improve hearing . Hearing aids are classified as medical devices in most countries , and regulated by the respective regulations . Small audio amplifiers such as PSAPs or other plain sound reinforcing systems can not be sold as `` hearing aids '' . Earlier devices , such as ear trumpets or ear horns , were passive amplification cones designed to gather sound energy and direct it into the ear canal . Modern devices are computerised electroacoustic systems that transform environmental sound to make it more intelligible or comfortable , according to audiometrical and cognitive rules . Such sound processing can be considerable , such as highlighting a spatial region , shifting frequencies , cancelling noise and wind , or highlighting voice . Modern hearing aids require configuration to match the hearing loss , physical features , and lifestyle of the wearer . This process is called `` fitting '' and is performed by audiologists . The amount of benefit a hearing aid delivers depends in large part on the quality of its fitting . Devices similar to hearing aids include the bone anchored hearing aid , and cochlear implant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99fc1a52a6e4f8b09c21d9e1955f64b5", "text": "Glottalic consonant A glottalic consonant is a consonant produced with some important contribution ( a movement , a closure ) of the glottis ( the opening that leads from the nose and mouth cavities into the larynx and the lungs ) . Glottalic sounds may involve motion of the larynx upward or downward , producing an egressive or ingressive glottalic airstream mechanism respectively . An egressive glottalic airstream produces ejective consonants , while an ingressive glottalic airstream produces implosive consonants . Ejectives are almost always voiceless stops ( plosives ) or affricates , while implosives are almost always voiced stops . However , when a sound is said to be glottalized , this is not normally what is meant . Rather , glottalization implies that a normal pulmonic airstream is interrupted by closure of the glottis . Sonorants ( including vowels ) may be glottalized in this fashion . There are two ways this is represented in the IPA : ( a ) the same way as ejectives , with an apostrophe ; or , ( b ) more properly with the under-tilde for creaky voice . For example , the Yapese word for sick with a glottalized m could be transcribed as either -LSB- -LSB- mʼaar -RSB- or -LSB- m̰aar -RSB- -RSB- . ( In some typefaces , the apostrophe would occur above the em . ) When an obstruent is glottalized but still uses a pulmonic airstream , it may be written etc. . When glottalic consonants of different types are present in a language , they tend to form a single phonological class . However , a language that has one kind of glottalized consonant is not particularly likely to have other kinds . For example , languages in the Americas which have both ejectives and glottalized sonorants may reflect an areal feature rather than an inherent feature common to the sounds in question . Since none of the three types are very common , languages containing more than one type are relatively rare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2fee502a4e257d2768a538f15b795ed", "text": "Vowel reduction In phonetics , vowel reduction is any of various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels , which are related to changes in stress , sonority , duration , loudness , articulation , or position in the word ( e.g. for Creek language ) , and which are perceived as `` weakening '' . It most often makes the vowels shorter as well . Such a vowel may be called reduced or weak . In contrast , an unreduced vowel may be described as full or strong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8545efb6ae32155d2cc4fae8c80455ef", "text": "Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d069a22c41ae356be7818a7c9ba5a355", "text": "Heart murmur Heart murmurs are heart sounds produced when blood flows across one of the heart valves that are loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope . There are two types of murmurs . A functional murmur or `` physiologic murmur '' is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart . Other types of murmurs are due to structural defects in the heart itself . Functional murmurs are benign ( an `` innocent murmur '' ) . Murmurs may also be the result of various problems , such as narrowing or leaking of valves , or the presence of abnormal passages through which blood flows in or near the heart . Such murmurs , known as pathologic murmurs , should be evaluated by an expert . Heart murmurs are most frequently categorized by timing , into systolic heart murmurs and diastolic heart murmurs , differing in the part of the heartbeat on which they can be heard . However , continuous murmurs can not be directly placed into either category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75d5571260d7087a887a6334e5911f7d", "text": "Audiology and hearing health professionals in Brazil Despite having the largest economy in South America or Central America , Brazil is still considered a developing country due to its low gross domestic product , or GDP , per capita , low living standards , high infant mortality rate and other factors . `` With regard to hearing health , the Brazilian government established the national policy for giving attention to hearing health in 2004 , in which the Ministry of Health , considering the social magnitude of hearing impairment in the Brazilian population and its consequences , presented the proposal to structure a network of services set up by regions and in hierarchy that aims to be implemented in all federative units of Brazil , with integrated actions to promote ear health , hearing impairment prevention , treatment and rehabilitation organized and managed by the National Health System , Sistema U ´ nico de Saude ( SUS ) , in Portuguese , '' writes Bevilacqua et al. ( 2010 ) In Brazil , audiology grew out of the field of ear nose and throat ( ENT ) medical field . According to Bevilacqua et al. ( 2008 ) , the majority of audiologists in Brazil work at private institutions , including private medical practices and dedicated speech and hearing clinics . They are also employed in public institutions , such as community clinics , elementary schools , colleges , and universities . Audiologists perform diagnostic evaluations of auditory and vestibular disorders , select and fit hearing aids , and provide aural rehabilitation . They may also assist with workers ' health programs , dispense hearing aids , and aural rehabilitation in the public sector .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7396a1125bfdf142454217313e0c7f5", "text": "Squawk (sound) Squawks or short wheezes are brief `` squeaky '' sounds that are also referred to as squeaks . Their waveforms show a sinusoidal pattern with a duration 10 to 100 ms and a frequency between 200 and 800 Hz . Many birds have made sounds which are onomatopoeically described as `` squawk '' . Squawks have been described in bird fancier 's disease and other forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis . They are also heard in a variety of conditions in which alveolitis is present . In one study they were found in 10 % of patients with pneumonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1dfbbdbee80a73e3daa560ac127146a", "text": "Telecommunications device for the deaf A telecommunications device for the deaf ( TDD ) is a teleprinter , an electronic device for text communication over a telephone line , that is designed for use by persons with hearing or speech difficulties . Other names for the device include teletypewriter ( TTY ) , textphone ( common in Europe ) , and minicom ( United Kingdom ) . The typical TDD is a device about the size of a typewriter or laptop computer with a QWERTY keyboard and small screen that uses an LED , LCD , or VFD screen to display typed text electronically . In addition , TDDs commonly have a small spool of paper on which text is also printedold versions of the device had only a printer and no screen . The text is transmitted live , via a telephone line , to a compatible device , i.e. one that uses a similar communication protocol . Special telephone services have been developed to carry the TDD functionality even further . In certain countries there are systems in place so that a deaf person can communicate with a hearing person on an ordinary voice phone using a human relay operator . There are also `` carry-over '' services , enabling people who can hear but can not speak ( `` hearing carry-over , '' a.k.a. `` HCO '' ) , or people who can not hear but are able to speak ( `` voice carry-over , '' a.k.a. `` VCO '' ) to use the telephone . The term TDD is sometimes discouraged because people who are deaf are increasingly using mainstream devices and technologies to carry out most of their communication . The devices described here were developed for use on the partially-analog Public Switched Telephone Network ( PSTN ) . They do not work well on the new internet protocol ( IP ) networks . Thus as society increasingly moves toward IP based telecommunication , the telecommunication devices used by people who are deaf will not be TDDs . In the US for example , the use of the term TDD is discouraged to avoid confusion with these partly-analog devices being referred to as TTYs . Teletype Corporation , of Skokie , Illinois , made page printers for text , notably for news wire services and telegrams , but these used standards different from those for deaf communication , and although in quite widespread use , were technically incompatible . Furthermore , these were sometimes referred to by the `` TTY '' initialism , short for `` Teletype '' . When computers had keyboard input mechanisms and page printer output , before CRT terminals came into use , Teletypes were the most widely used devices . They were called `` console typewriters '' . ( Telex used similar equipment , but was a separate international communication network . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f873d9a668294b1f9e0d5c779192924a", "text": "Spelling pronunciation A spelling pronunciation is the pronunciation of a word according to its spelling , at odds with a standard or traditional pronunciation . Words spelled with silent letters ( e.g. island , knife ) , or traditionally pronounced with reduced vowels or omitted consonants ( e.g. cupboard , Worcester ) , may be subject to a spelling pronunciation . If a word 's spelling was standardized prior to sound changes that produced its `` traditional '' pronunciation , a spelling pronunciation may reflect an even older pronunciation . This is often the case with compound words ( e.g. waistcoat , cupboard , forehead ) . It is also the case for many words with silent letters ( e.g. often ) , though not all -- silent letters are sometimes added for etymological reasons , to reflect a word 's spelling in its language of origin ( e.g. victual , rhyming with little but derived from Late Latin victualia ) . Some silent letters were added on the basis of erroneous etymologies , as in the cases of the words island and scythe . Spelling pronunciations are generally considered incorrect next to the traditionally accepted , and usually more widespread , pronunciation . If a spelling pronunciation persists and becomes more common , it may eventually join the existing form as equally acceptable ( for example waistcoat and often ) , or even become the dominant pronunciation ( as with forehead and falcon ) . If a rare word is more often encountered in writing than in speech , the spelling pronunciation may be assumed by most , while the traditional pronunciation is maintained only by older or educated individuals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d7865e5fbe4e71b5d24a001a852ace0", "text": "Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder ( ANSD ) is a specific form of hearing loss defined by the presence of normal or near-normal Otoacoustic Emissions ( OAEs ) but the absence of normal Middle Ear Reflexes and severely abnormal or completely absent auditory brainstem response ( ABRs ) . Individuals presenting with this recently recognised hearing loss appear to display sporadic windows of hearing and not . Very few ( 1 in 14 ) will go on to develop normal speech and language but with poor speech perception in background noise and in others , no speech perception and therefore language development is possible . The condition was originally termed Auditory neuropathy ( AN ) and in 2001 as Auditory Neuropathy / Auditory Dys-synchrony ( AN/AD ) ( to include those cases where no true Neuropathy was apparent ) . In 2008 at a meeting convened at Lake Como in Italy ( Guidelines Development Conference on the Identification and Management of Infants with Auditory Neuropathy , International Newborn Hearing Screening Conference , Como , Italy , June 19 -- 21 , 2008 ) , a group of leading authorities on the condition reached a consensus and renamed it as Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a2d0945891594af7572d51f11c6fb7", "text": "Squillo Squillo is a technical term for the resonant , trumpet-like sound in the voices of opera singers . It is also commonly called `` singer 's formant '' , `` ring '' , `` ping '' , `` core '' , and other terms . Squillo enables an essentially lyric tone to be heard over thick orchestrations , e.g. in late Verdi , Puccini and Strauss operas . Achieving a proper amount of squillo in any performing context is imperative : too much and the tone veers towards the shrill ; too little and the purpose of the squillo can not be achieved . Squillo is easily recognizable by a distinctive brilliant , ringing quality in the timbre of the voice . This perception is caused by the presence of a peak in the 2 - 5 kHz frequency range , to which the human ear is particularly sensitive . The amplification of these particular harmonics is believed to be a result of a narrowing of the Aryepiglottic fold just above the larynx . Voices with naturally acquired squillo , i.e. having naturally strong higher formants , are especially prized in opera because they allow a singer to maintain certain lyric qualities e.g. limpid high notes , and consistency of tone throughout the range etc. even in dramatic singing . Voices with squillo are also easier to record . Uses of the squillo includes : projecting a small timbre e.g. Alfredo Kraus , Juan Diego Flórez underscoring a dramatically important passage e.g. No , non voglio morir in Sola , perduta abbandonata from Puccini 's Manon Lescaut singing through a thickly textured orchestration , e.g. the final bars of Libera me from Verdi 's Requiem , in which a soprano has to compete against a tutti orchestra and full chorus supporting a pianissimo note floated over an orchestra ( which also demands a secure breath control ) e.g. Montserrat Caballé supporting a long trill simulating a scream without compromising the timbre , especially in a verismic opera ; however it is not unheard that a bona fide scream be used in operatic setting , e.g. Tosca 's final jump in Tosca giving an impression of ` youth ' to an aged voice , mainly via a cultivation of the head register , ref . Section IX Meine Gesangskunst , by Lilli Lehmann ; best exemplified vocally by Mirella Freni Famous singers who personify this technique include Leontyne Price , Mariella Devia , Renata Tebaldi , Giuseppe di Stefano , Jussi Björling and Luciano Pavarotti . Certain dramatic singers may also employ squillo as opposed to volume over the course of a performance , for example Birgit Nilsson . Squillo may also refer , in current Italian : when the grammatical gender is masculine ( uno squillo ) word for `` ring '' ( as in `` telephone ring '' ) , currently a slang term for missed call to form a verb a word `` squillare '' which means `` to ring '' or `` to blare ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b8e7d9049cb9dcec4db66cbc23fd57f", "text": "Dysphagia Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing . Although classified under `` symptoms and signs '' in ICD-10 , the term is sometimes used as a condition in its own right . People with dysphagia are sometimes unaware of having it . The word is derived from the Greek dys meaning bad or disordered , and the root phag - meaning `` eat '' . It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach , a lack of pharyngeal sensation , or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism . Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia , which is defined as painful swallowing , and globus , which is the sensation of a lump in the throat . A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia ( dysfunction without pain ) , odynophagia without dysphagia ( pain without dysfunction ) , or both together . A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64dd9daf9076ba7ebc36b00ed2795358", "text": "Pulmonary aspiration Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material ( such as pharyngeal secretions , food or drink , or stomach contents ) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx ( voice box ) and lower respiratory tract ( the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea -- i.e. , windpipe -- to the lungs ) . A person may either inhale the material , or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation . When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking , the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as `` going down the wrong pipe . '' Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all , to chemical pneumonitis or pneumonia , to death within minutes from asphyxiation . These consequences depend in part on the volume , chemical composition , particle size , presence or absence of infectious agents , and underlying health status of the person . In healthy people , aspiration of small quantities of material is common and rarely results in disease or injury . People with significant underlying disease or injury , especially hospitalized patients , are at greater risk for developing respiratory complications following pulmonary aspiration because of certain factors such as depressed level of consciousness and impaired airway defenses ( gag reflex and/or respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system ) . As the lumen of the right main bronchus is more vertical and of slightly wider diameter than that of the left , aspirated material is more likely to end up in this bronchus or one of its subsequent bifurcation . About 3.6 million cases of pulmonary aspiration or foreign body in the airway occurred in 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b1b191a5a8200bd801769cec3499681c", "text": "Aaron Carter Aaron Charles Carter ( born December 7 , 1987 ) is an American singer . He came to fame as a pop and hip hop singer in the late 1990s , establishing himself as a star among pre-teen and teenage audiences during the early 2000s with his four studio albums . Born in Tampa , Florida , Carter began performing at age seven and released his self-titled debut album in 1997 . His second album Aaron 's Party ( Come Get It ) ( 2000 ) sold three million copies in the United States , and Carter began making guest appearances on Nickelodeon and touring with the Backstreet Boys shortly after the record 's release . Carter 's next album , Oh Aaron , also went platinum , and the musician released his most recent studio album , Another Earthquake ! , in 2002 , followed by his 2003 Most Requested Hits collection . He has since appeared on Dancing With the Stars , the Broadway play The Fantasticks , and made several one-off performances . In 2014 , he announced that he would begin releasing new music and began by releasing a single featuring rapper Pat SoLo , `` Ooh Wee '' , which first became available as a free download with purchase on his web store . Carter released a single , Fool 's Gold , on April 1 , 2016 and an EP titled LøVë on February 10 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48505a4e30aed3797b5ff44c81bdc4ed", "text": "Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89700b3914178166dbd137ea9d24a9a", "text": "Yannick Carter Yannick Carter ( born February 2 , 1984 ) is a former professional Canadian football linebacker . He was drafted in the third round of the 2007 CFL Draft by the Saskatchewan Roughriders . Carter also played 4 seasons with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats . He played CIS Football at Wilfrid Laurier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8478e44430c21b368ac05e69600f2b23", "text": "Fever One Carter `` Fever One '' McGlasson is a b-boy and DJ originally from Seattle , Washington who relocated to New York City in 1997 and eventually joined the world-famous Rock Steady Crew . He is most well known for his ` gunzblazin ' style which he developed while studying with his mentors Icey Ice and Lil ' Lep of the New York City Breakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0fe0f137becf24c452983a421597132", "text": "Carter Finally Gets It Carter Finally Gets It is a 2009 young adult novel by Brent Crawford . The novel follows the misadventures of William Carter , who suffers from ADD as he enters his first year of high school . He must face bullies , rejection , and going to the same school as his sister . It wo n't be easy , especially when his friends start having more fun than him . But he makes it through eventually .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd9f9a37b078aff1c693526201931e75", "text": "Lonzo Ball Lonzo Anderson Ball ( born October 27 , 1997 ) is an American basketball player . He played college basketball for one season with the UCLA Bruins , earning consensus first-team All-American honors before declaring for the 2017 NBA draft . As a high school senior at Chino Hills High School in 2016 , Ball was awarded multiple national high school player of the year honors , and led his team to an undefeated record , as well as a national championship . As a college freshman in 2016 -- 17 , he led the nation in assists and broke the UCLA record for most assists in a season . He also won the Wayman Tisdale Award as the top freshman in the nation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0cd4f4022e8629f95693e7d86450291", "text": "Carter Jackson Carter Jackson is an actor based in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c984ceea8a845fd23435383488aeabb", "text": "Aaron Gillespie (cricketer) Aaron Gillespie ( born 13 March 1997 ) is an Irish cricketer . He made his List A debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Cup on 29 May 2017 . Prior to his List A debut , he was part of Ireland 's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup . He made his first-class debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Championship on 30 May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33671e8540a2999ff3f1bf52b89a880", "text": "Aaron Eckhart Aaron Edward Eckhart ( born March 12 , 1968 ) is an American film and stage actor . Born in Cupertino , California , he moved to the UK at age 13 , when his father relocated the family . Several years later , he began his acting career by performing in school plays , before moving to Sydney , Australia for his high school senior year . He left high school without graduating , but earned a diploma through an adult education course , and graduated from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in New York City as a struggling , unemployed actor . As an undergraduate at BYU , Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute , who cast him in several of his own original plays . Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous , sociopathic ladies ' man in LaBute 's black comedy film In the Company of Men ( 1997 ) . Under LaBute 's guidance he worked in the director 's films Your Friends & Neighbors ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , and Possession ( 2002 ) . Eckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and in 2006 received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking . Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent . Other key roles include The Pledge ( 2001 ) , The Core ( 2003 ) , Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) Battle : Los Angeles ( 2011 ) , Olympus Has Fallen ( 2013 ) , I , Frankenstein ( 2014 ) , Olympus '' ' sequel , London Has Fallen and Sully '' ( both 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc4819f6020cd3423e1173b036e011b", "text": "Drew Carter Christopher Drew Carter ( born September 5 , 1981 ) is a former American football wide receiver of the National Football League . He was originally drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football at Ohio State . He also played for the Oakland Raiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7205e055bea795672602e0b22d72c6f9", "text": "Aaron Michael Metchik Aaron Michael Metchik ( born April 22 , 1980 ) , also credited as Aaron Metchik , is an American actor , writer , and director , known for his role as Steven Floyd Torkelson on The Torkelsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2396232b98b57310dc3d72967d1e503", "text": "Oh Aaron Oh Aaron is American teen pop singer Aaron Carter 's third studio album , released in the summer of 2001 . The album features three collaborations with No Secrets and his older brother , Nick Carter . Although not as successful as his second album , it found success in the U.S. , peaking at # 7 and was certified Platinum by the RIAA making this Aaron 's second top 10 album and second platinum-selling album . This album was also his second album that was released under Jive Records . Oh Aaron was accompanied by a concert DVD of the same name , which was released on March 26 , 2002 , and included footage of his 2001 concert in Baton Rouge , Louisiana , as well as music videos and interviews . Play Along Toys also created an Aaron Carter action figure in conjunction with the album 's release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3036068f3b1512bd6da5361de37ebb79", "text": "Aaron Davis (basketball) Aaron Alexander Davis ( born May 30 , 1979 ) is an American basketball player . He played collegiately for Faulkner State Community College in 1997 -- 98 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad00fc0961ec82807432cfa360a8f5eb", "text": "Arden Hayes Arden Hayes ( born January 30 , 2008 ) is an American child prodigy . From Southern California , he became known at age 5 for his knowledge of American and geopolitics . Reciting Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address , and being able to identify the countries of the world and name the capitals of each . His interest in American presidents was sparked by Arden 's learning that he shares a birthday with former United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt . On May 4 , 2013 , Arden was featured in an article and video in the Los Angeles Times . This spurred many additional newspaper articles and blogs and Arden appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! on July 2 , 2013 , to demonstrate his knowledge regarding U.S. presidents . On November 5 , 2013 , Arden again appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and displayed his knowledge of the nations of the world and their capitals and rejected a free Sony Xperia Tablet Z because he preferred the Apple iPad and would rather wait until Christmas to receive it . He appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! for the third time on April 2 , 2014 , and showed his interest and knowledge about chemical elements in the periodic table . He appeared on the show again on November 23 , 2015 , when he won a shut-out victory against the cast of Star Wars : The Force Awakens in a Star Wars trivia contest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9cd1a9917456ff1c7394dcda710a271", "text": "Chandler Park Academy Chandler Park Academy is a charter school in Harper Woods , Michigan . Founded in 1997 , it is a college preparatory elementary , middle , and high school offering grades K-12 . The student body is 98.89 % African American and 80 % of students qualify for free/reduced price lunch . The student/teacher ratio is 25:1 . Chandler Park Academy rates lower than most nearby public schools based on test scores according to greatschools.net , although their fall 2006 MEAP and National Merit scores were higher than the State of Michigan targets . The Chandler Park boys middle school track team won the championship for the 3rd time in a row . Derrick Walton Jr. attended this school along with other athletes such as C'sonte York , Andre Turner , Robert Kelly , and David Barks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfbd7d026ae90559069d0c160e62110", "text": "Carter (supercomputer) Carter is a supercomputer installed at Purdue University in the fall of 2011 in a partnership with Intel . The high-performance computing cluster is operated by Information Technology at Purdue ( ITaP ) , the university 's central information technology organization . ITaP also operates clusters named Steele built in 2008 , Coates built in 2009 , Rossmann built in 2010 , and Hansen built in the summer of 2011 . Carter was the fastest campus supercomputer in the U.S. outside a national center when built . It was one of the first clusters to employ Intel 's second generation Xenon E-5 `` Sandy Bridge '' processor and ranked 54th on the November 2011 TOP500 list , making it Purdue 's first Top 100-ranked research computing system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75c82a7706d2ec7a58dcb681deb36954", "text": "Aaron Chimbel Aaron Chimbel ( born May 5 , 1979 in Shawnee Mission , Kansas ) is an American broadcast journalist . Currently , he teaches journalism at Texas Christian University . He was the MoJo or Mobile Journalist for the website of WFAA-TV in Dallas , TX , wfaa.com . He joined WFAA as its first digital field reporter in February 2006 . He was among the first of a new breed of journalists producing original multi-media content for a television station 's website . Before joining WFAA , Aaron was a reporter for KWTX-TV based in Killeen , TX covering Fort Hood , Killeen , Temple and surrounding areas . Previously he was a producer at Texas Cable News ( TXCN ) in Dallas . He was also a co-producer for the documentary Soldier of God ( 2003 ) . Aaron graduated from Texas Christian University in 2002 and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism a year later , with a master of science degree .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffbf82e82ffdab4117dd8c2b568e6999", "text": "Aaron Riley Aaron Matthew Riley ( born December 9 , 1980 ) is a retired American mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship . A professional competitor from 1997-2013 , he has also formerly competed in PRIDE , the IFL , Shooto , and BodogFIGHT . Aside from mixed martial arts , Riley has also competed in professional boxing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "802a32787526e530dacf546a555fad65", "text": "Carter & Cone Carter & Cone Type Inc. is a digital type foundry that produces and markets the typefaces of type designer Matthew Carter . The foundry was founded in 1992 by Carter and Cherie Cone and is based in Cambridge , Massachusetts . Cone , who lives in California , manages the business aspects of the foundry . According to the Type Directors Club , `` Carter & Cone have produced types on commission for Apple , Microsoft ( the screen fonts Verdana and Georgia ) , Time , Newsweek , Wired , U.S. News & World Report , Sports Illustrated , The Washington Post , and the Walker Art Center . '' In 1981 , Carter and Cone were two of the four founders of Bitstream , a digital type foundry , also based in Cambridge , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13bd99313e7a16dfe82ab3c913b2df8", "text": "Kade Stewart Kade Stewart ( born 16 January 1997 ) is an Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League , currently with the Hawthorn Football Club .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2ab667085f820ec3edbc717908428516", "text": "Pierce Brosnan Pierce Brendan Brosnan , OBE ( born 16 May 1953 ) is an Irish actor , film producer , and activist who after leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , began training in commercial illustration . He then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele ( 1982 -- 87 ) , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol ( 1987 ) and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) . In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 ( GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day ) . He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak ( 1997 ) and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 ) . Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer ( 2010 ) and the action spy thriller The November Man ( 2014 ) . In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism . He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991 . He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001 , and became an American citizen in 2004 , holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland . He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations , first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor ( 1982 ) and next for the dark comedy film The Matador ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3ecff1f9421be4c5e3f626e3a03c2991", "text": "The Heist (1989 film) The Heist is a 1989 HBO made-for-TV movie , starring Pierce Brosnan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53632f940409271ef2f3b6d6dc4e6180", "text": "Caboblanco Caboblanco ( 1980 ) is an American drama film directed by J. Lee Thompson , starring Charles Bronson , Dominique Sanda and Jason Robards . The film has often been described as a remake of Casablanca . The movie marks the third collaboration between Bronson and director J. Lee Thompson ( following 1976 's St. Ives and 1977 's The White Buffalo ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f700d90d1d5300b90ca2215d90297ff0", "text": "The Woman He Loved The Woman He Loved is a 1988 HTV romantic drama television about the abdication of Edward VIII . Directed by Charles Jarrott , it stars Anthony Andrews , Jane Seymour and Olivia de Havilland . Jane Seymour was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film at the 46th Golden Globe Awards and Olivia de Havilland was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie . Costume designer Robin Fraser-Paye was also nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special . It was partly shot at Shirenewton Hall in Monmouthshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3513171629aff9e9987006a3bd682a61", "text": "Paul Temple Returns Paul Temple Returns is a 1952 British crime film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring John Bentley , Patricia Dainton and Peter Gawthorne . Known in the U.S. as Bombay Waterfront , it was the fourth and last in the series of Paul Temple films , although the character was revived for the BBC television series Paul Temple in 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "928ee05e5cda57aaaa82a0befd02a937", "text": "A Connecticut Yankee (film) A Connecticut Yankee is a 1931 American Pre-Code film adaptation of Mark Twain 's 1889 novel , A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court . It was directed by David Butler to a script by William M. Conselman , Owen Davis , and Jack Moffitt . It was produced by Fox Film Corporation ( later 20th Century Fox ) , who had earlier produced the 1921 silent adaptation of the novel , A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court . A Connecticut Yankee is the first sound film adaptation of Twain 's novel . As in The Wizard of Oz , many of the actors in the film play more than one role , a character in the real world and one in the dream world . The film stars Will Rogers as Hank Martin , an American accidental time traveler who finds himself in Camelot back in the days of King Arthur ( William Farnum , a Fox star for many years ) . Myrna Loy and Brandon Hurst play the evil Morgan le Fay and Merlin , who must be overcome by Hank 's modern technical knowledge , while Maureen O'Sullivan plays Alisande . Fox was likely inspired to produce A Connecticut Yankee based on the success of the 1921 silent film . The 1931 version was likewise successful , and was re-released in 1936 . It is unrelated to the 1927 musical also titled A Connecticut Yankee . The hero 's name was changed from Hank Morgan to Hank Martin , possibly because the original name sounded too similar to that of actor Frank Morgan . A trailer for the film exists at the Library of Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce6144f21aedd6c0904ef060cc9b80e", "text": "The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing . The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54ca935c220323e07501c78a76f6a80", "text": "Marion Davies Marion Cecilia Davies ( née Douras January 3 , 1897 -- September 22 , 1961 ) was an American film actress , producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . Davies was already building a solid reputation as a film comedian when newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , with whom she had begun a romantic relationship , took over management of her career . Hearst financed Davies ' pictures , promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels , and pressured studios to cast her in historical dramas for which she was ill-suited . For this reason , Davies is better remembered today as Hearst 's mistress and the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite . In particular , her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst 's yacht when one of his guests , film producer Thomas Ince , died . In the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , the title character 's second wife -- an untalented singer whom he tries to promote -- was widely assumed to be based on Davies . But many commentators , including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself , have defended Davies ' record as a gifted actress , to whom Hearst 's patronage did more harm than good . She retired from the screen in 1937 , choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work . In Hearst 's declining years , Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951 . She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death , a marriage which lasted until Davies died of stomach cancer in 1961 at the age of 64 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44f7b49a3a9044aa5586cdfa3de12252", "text": "Max Dugan Returns Max Dugan Returns is a 1983 American comedy-drama film starring Jason Robards as Max Dugan , Marsha Mason as his daughter Nora , Donald Sutherland , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew Broderick , the latter two actors each in their first film appearances . This would be the last Neil Simon film to be directed by Herbert Ross , as well as the last of his films starring Mason ( Simon 's wife at the time ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9930c6983646020d18c66d23353af4f9", "text": "The Rains Came The Rains Came is a 1939 20th Century Fox film based on an American novel by Louis Bromfield ( published in June 1937 by Harper & Brothers ) . The film was directed by Clarence Brown and stars Tyrone Power , Myrna Loy , George Brent , Brenda Joyce , Nigel Bruce , and Maria Ouspenskaya . A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee84c8b50248e183659048a017318d5", "text": "Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125744b839b50d1b8b65aabdcee3b822", "text": "Denis Cannan Denis Cannan ( 14 May 1919 -- 25 September 2011 ) was a British dramatist , playwright and script writer . Born Denis Pullein-Thompson , the son of Captain Harold J. Pullein-Thompson and novelist Joanna Cannan , he changed his name by deed poll in 1964 . His younger sisters were Josephine , Diana and Christine Pullein-Thompson . Born in Oxford , he was educated at Eton College . After attending Eton he worked as an actor , before joining the Queen 's Royal Regiment of West Surrey when the Second World War broke out , rising to the rank of captain and being mentioned in dispatches . He was married to Joan Ross in 1946 ; the couple had two sons and a daughter . The marriage was dissolved , and he later remarried , to Rose Evansky in 1965 Denis Cannan became a successful playwright and screenwriter . Apart from the plays listed below , he has written several screenplays for television and radio , also adaptions for television series . With Christopher Fry he adapted The Beggar 's Opera for the 1953 film starring Laurence Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff677cb525003758f8016b1b43af92e1", "text": "Remake A remake is a film or television series that is based on an earlier work and tells the same , or a very similar , story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f145c0bef4269adfc6f82963bafc79a4", "text": "Mrs. Fitzherbert Mrs. Fitzherbert , also known as Princess Fitz and A Court Secret , is a rarely seen 1947 British historical drama film directed by Montgomery Tully and starring Peter Graves , Joyce Howard and Leslie Banks . It depicts the relationship between George IV and Maria Fitzherbert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "173269840442fc737f817daa58bded9d", "text": "A Dream of Kings (film) A Dream of Kings is a 1969 drama film directed by Daniel Mann , adapted from the novel of the same name by Harry Mark Petrakis . It stars Anthony Quinn and Irene Papas . It was nominated for an award at the 1970 Laurel Awards . It was also the final film for Inger Stevens , who committed suicide two months after the film 's release , and the first for Radames Pera , who played young Caine on the TV show Kung Fu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e6cba8e228614f1f0f52d5092924246", "text": "On Trial (1939 film) On Trial is a 1939 drama film directed by Terry O. Morse and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. . It is based on the 1914 Broadway play by Elmer Rice . Warners had previously filmed Rice 's play in 1928 as an early talkie , also called On Trial , and , earlier , in 1917 , Essanay Studios had made a silent version with the same title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6faf22ca8884c15626aed493bd75b004", "text": "The Romance of Sleepy Hollow The Romance of Sleepy Hollow is a 1923 New Zealand film written and directed by Henry J. Makepeace , and produced and shot in Auckland . The film is now lost , with a poster the only surviving material . The poster says it is `` A Bright Sparkling Comedy-Drama in Four Reels ... . The first to be produced in New Zealand , '' and it was to open at `` The Grand '' theatre in central Auckland opposite the G.P.O. on 22 August 1924 . Sam Edwards says it may have been a melodrama set in Auckland , as the poster says `` Maoriland Pictures presents Francis X. Bouzaid of Onehunga and June Phillips of Dominion Road '' supported by four other local couples . It was shot on 35 mm , silent , and black & white . The film had been submitted to the censor in November 1923 , who required the removal of some 900 feet ( around 15 minutes ) . This reduced it from 5700 feet to 4800 feet or about 80 minutes . Nothing now remains of the film apart from the poster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "243dad99da2f30c31888dc4f67bd94d2", "text": "An Unfinished Affair An Unfinished Affair is a 1996 American television film directed by Rod Hardy . The film originally premiered on ABC and is now frequently aired on Lifetime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b454573028840571611976ae9df969a8", "text": "The Great Moment (1944 film) The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges . Based on the book Triumph Over Pain ( 1940 ) by René Fülöp-Miller , it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton , a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia . The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field , and features Harry Carey , William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall . The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years , and the released version differed from what Preston Sturges had wished , although he publicly accepted the film as his own . Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made , and pulled it from his control , re-titled and re-edited it , in the process making it ( especially in the early segment ) more confusing for the audience to understand . The studio 's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges ' comedies . The film was not well received by the critics or the public , and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges , who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released . Although rarely seen today , the film is worth viewing for its flashback structure -- comparable in some ways to Citizen Kane , which was influenced by the earlier film The Power and the Glory , for which Sturges wrote the screenplay -- and for its irreverent and subtly satirical tone , unusual for a time when most Hollywood biopics were over-inflated and sentimental . In 2003 a medical-dental historian in a lengthy analysis of the movie and its history -- which cited its flashback structure , timeless subject , injections of humor , and `` un-Pasteur-like '' treatment of its protagonist , while adhering reasonably well to the historical record -- concluded that `` The Great Moment may now be due for a general reevaluation by movie historians and critics who , like most folks , have never felt much affection for dentists past and present . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "edb801c77eb0184cb486aac97909cfc9", "text": "Turkey Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti -LSB- ˈtyɾcije d͡ʒumˈhuɾijeti -RSB- ) , is a transcontinental country in Eurasia , mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe . Turkey is a democratic , secular , unitary , parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Turkey is bordered by eight countries : Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest ; Georgia to the northeast ; Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east ; Iraq and Syria to the south . The country is encircled by seas on three sides : the Aegean Sea is to the west , the Black Sea to the north , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The Bosphorus , the Sea of Marmara , and the Dardanelles , which together form the Turkish Straits , divide Thrace and Anatolia ; they also separate Europe and Asia . Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Approximately 70-80 % of the country 's citizens identify themselves as ethnic Turks . Other ethnic groups include legally recognised ( Armenians , Greeks , Jews ) and unrecognised ( Kurds , Arabs , Circassians , Albanians , Bosniaks , Georgians , etc. ) minorities . Kurds are the largest ethnic minority group , making up approximately 20 % of the population . The area of Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic by various ancient Anatolian civilisations , as well as Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians and Armenians . After Alexander the Great 's conquest , the area was Hellenized , a process which continued under the Roman Empire and its transition into the Byzantine Empire . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , starting the process of Turkification , which was accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small Turkish beyliks . In the mid-14th century the Ottomans started uniting Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa , becoming a major power in Eurasia and Africa during the early modern period . The empire reached the peak of its power in the 16th century , especially during the reign ( 1520 -- 1566 ) of Suleiman the Magnificent . It remained powerful and influential for two more centuries , until important setbacks in the 17th and 18th century forced it to cede strategic territories in Europe , signalling the loss of its former military strength and wealth . After the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état which effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas the Ottoman Empire decided to join the Central Powers during World War I which were ultimately defeated by the Allied Powers . During the war , the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian , Assyrian and Pontic Greek citizens . Following the war , the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states . The Turkish War of Independence ( 1919 -- 1922 ) , initiated by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues against the occupying Allies , resulted in the abolition of monarchy in 1922 and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 , with Atatürk as its first president . Atatürk enacted numerous reforms , many of which incorporated various aspects of Western thought , philosophy , and customs into the new form of Turkish government . Turkey is a charter member of the UN , an early member of NATO , and a founding member of the OECD , OSCE , OIC and G-20 . After becoming one of the first members of the Council of Europe in 1949 , Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963 , joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005 . Turkey 's growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power while its location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history . Turkey 's current administration headed by president Tayyip Erdoğan has reversed many of the country 's earlier reforms which had been in place since the founding of the modern republic of Turkey , such as Freedom of the Press , a Legislative System of Checks and Balances , and a set of standards for secularism in government , as first enacted by Atatürk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564711a991c4a00e9846a5cdceae0d42", "text": "European Economic Community The European Economic Community ( EEC ) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states . It was created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957 . Upon the formation of the European Union ( EU ) in 1993 , the EEC was incorporated and renamed as the European Community ( EC ) . In 2009 the EC 's institutions were absorbed into the EU 's wider framework and the community ceased to exist . The Community 's initial aim was to bring about economic integration , including a common market and customs union , among its six founding members : Belgium , France , Italy , Luxembourg , the Netherlands and West Germany . It gained a common set of institutions along with the European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC ) and the European Atomic Energy Community ( EURATOM ) as one of the European Communities under the 1965 Merger Treaty ( Treaty of Brussels ) . In 1993 , a complete single market was achieved , known as the internal market , which allowed for the free movement of goods , capital , services , and people within the EEC . In 1994 , the internal market was formalised by the EEA agreement . This agreement also extended the internal market to include most of the member states of the European Free Trade Association , forming the European Economic Area covering 15 countries . Upon the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 , the EEC was renamed the European Community to reflect that it covered a wider range than economic policy . This was also when the three European Communities , including the EC , were collectively made to constitute the first of the three pillars of the European Union , which the treaty also founded . The EC existed in this form until it was abolished by the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon , which incorporated the EC 's institutions into the EU 's wider framework and provided that the EU would `` replace and succeed the European Community '' . The EEC was also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking countries and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "12ec4e074449621d4f65a01f6bbee479", "text": "Order of the State of Republic of Turkey The Order of the State of Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı ) is the highest state order awarded to foreign nationals by the President of the Republic of Turkey . The Order of the State is conferred by the President , upon the decision of the Council of Ministers , to the Heads of State and presidents in recognition of their contributions for enhancing the amicable relations between their respective countries and Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6214e4dc7a26d2396803be05706b191b", "text": "Australia–Turkey relations Australia -- Turkey relations are foreign relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Republic of Turkey . Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1967 . Australia has had an embassy in Ankara since 1968 , a consulate-general in Istanbul and a consulate in Çanakkale . Turkey has had an embassy in Canberra since 1967 and two consulates-general in Melbourne and Sydney . The first encounter of Turkey and Australia was on the battlefields of Çanakkale , the scene of a fierce but , at the same time , gentlemanly war . This has created a bond of mutual respect , admiration and friendship . The historical bond between the two countries constitutes a strong foundation to further strengthen and deepen their relations in every fields . The warm sentiments between Turkish and Australian nations were best voiced in the message of the Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , which was sent to the Australian and New Zealander mothers in 1934 and is as follows : `` Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives ... you are now lying in the soil of a friendly country . Therefore rest in peace . There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets where they lie side by side here in this country of ours ... You the mothers who sent their sons from far away countries , wipe away your tears . Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace . Having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well . '' The Çanakkale Battles are commemorated every year in Çanakkale on 24 -- 25 April with a wide participation from Australia . There are no contentious issues between Turkey and Australia . The Turkish community living in Australia constitutes a bridge of friendship between the two countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697f55d991c58409ba3942cce0439208", "text": "Marrakesh Agreement The Marrakesh Agreement , manifested by the Marrakesh Declaration , was an agreement signed in Marrakesh , Morocco , by 124 nations on 15 April 1994 , marking the culmination of the 12-year-long Uruguay Round and establishing the World Trade Organization , which officially came into being on January 1 , 1995 . The agreement developed out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) , supplemented by a number of other agreements on issues including trade in services , sanitary and phytosanitary measures , trade-related aspects of intellectual property and technical barriers to trade . It also established a new , more efficient and legally binding means of dispute resolution . The various agreements which make up the Marrakesh Agreement combine as an indivisible whole ; no entity can be party to any one agreement without being party to them all .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9948f557dd3d16152c4511e083bdb48a", "text": "India–Turkey relations India -- Turkey relations refer to foreign relations between India and Turkey . Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Turkey in 1948 , political and bilateral relations have been usually characterised by warmth and cordiality . India and Turkey are both secular democracies , based on ethnic , religious and linguistic plurality . India has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate -- general in Istanbul . Turkey has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate-general in Mumbai . As of 2015 , the bilateral trade between India & Turkey stood at US$ 6.26 billion & is heavily tilted in India 's favour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1ea23513ff6571435f88a0b7055d12b", "text": "Turkey Travel Centre The Turkey Travel Center ( TTC ) is an Australian - Turkish partnership , with offices based in Istanbul , Turkey and Melbourne , Australia . The travel company operates a variety of private and group tours throughout Turkey and Greece . In 2013 and 2014 , their achievements included Certificate of Excellence winner from Trip Advisor . They are a full member of TURSAB ( Association of Turkish Travel Agents ) , registered under the membership name of Mysia Travel and number of 6192 . Their tours are also listed on the official website of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism . Their staff-training program features heavily on the intimate knowledge of Turkey , including the culture and traditions . Turkey Travel Center also operate a 24-hour , seven days a week telephone line to ensure their customers can access them at all times . The last two years have seen the Turkey Travel Center , launch themselves on social media platforms , such as Facebook , to accommodate easy communication with their clients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6edde94cd7329bdf96a3ccfa6953dbf3", "text": "Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey) The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey is the government minister who heads the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is a member of the Cabinet of Turkey . The minister is responsible for overseeing the international relations of the government , though specific relations involving Turkey 's accession negotiations with the European Union are handled by the Ministry of European Union Affairs . The office was established in 1920 during the Turkish War of Independence , after which Bekir Sami Kunduh became the first Minister to hold the office . The incumbent officeholder is Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu , who took office on 24 November 2015 after Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu formed his third government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a78e5c803e574f7b4bb11d21286dd9f4", "text": "Croatia–United States relations Croatia -- United States relations refer to the bilateral relationship between Croatia and the United States . Diplomatic relations among two countries were established on April 7 , 1992 following Croatia 's independence from SFR Yugoslavia . Croatia has an embassy in Washington D.C. , general consulates in Chicago , Los Angeles , New York City , and consulates in Anchorage , Kansas City , Pittsburgh , Seattle and Houston . The US has an embassy in Zagreb . American engagement in Croatia is aimed at fostering a democratic , secure , and market-oriented society that will be a strong US partner in Euro-Atlantic institutions . Bilateral relations between the two countries are described as very strong . Croatian diaspora in the US is one of the largest in the world with an estimate of more than 1.2 million members . Most of the Croats live in Chicago ( ~ 150,000 ) , New York City , New Jersey and Connecticut ( ~ 80,000 ) , St. Louis ( ~ 40,000 ) , San Pedro ( ~ 35,000 ) , Detroit ( ~ 7,000 ) and San Jose ( ~ 5,000 ) . The National Federation of Croatian Americans is the main organization that brings together Croats in the US . Both countries are members of UN , NATO , Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council , Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe , International Monetary Fund , World Bank and World Trade Organization . In addition , Croatia is an observer to the Organization of American States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eac70cd96c5c7a67b912ebfb58a302f3", "text": "Foreign relations of Moldova After achieving independence from the Soviet Union , the Republic of Moldova established relations with other European countries . A course for European Union integration and neutrality define the country 's foreign policy guidelines . In 1995 , the country became the first post-Soviet state admitted to the Council of Europe . In addition to its participation in NATO 's Partnership for Peace program , Moldova is a member state of the United Nations , the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ( OSCE ) , the North Atlantic Cooperation Council , the World Trade Organization , the International Monetary Fund , the World Bank , the Francophonie and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development . In 2005 , Moldova and EU established an action plan that sought to improve the collaboration between the two neighboring structures . After the War of Transnistria , Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to the conflict in the Transnistria region by working with Romania , Ukraine , and Russia , calling for international mediation , and cooperating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40f6156a2e0ff13f68857c3f307ab9c7", "text": "Mustafa Aydın Aydin Mustafa is a Turkish Professor of International Relations . He is the Rector of Kadir Has University , Istanbul , and the President of the International Relations Council ( UIK ) of Turkey . He is also Co-Coordinator of the International Commission on the Black Sea . He was Head of the Department of International Relations at the TOBB University of Economics and Technology ; Director of International Policy Research Institute ( TEPAV-IPRI ) of Ankara ; member of the Economy and Foreign Policy Study Group of the President 's Office ; Board Member of the strategic research centers of both the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Turkish Armed Forces ; Deputy Chairperson of the International Commission of Eminent Persons on the Caucasus and Caspian ( 2007 ) ; Alexander S. Onassis Fellow at the University of Athens ( 2003 ) ; Research Fellow at the EU Institute for Security Studies , Paris ( 2003 ) ; Fulbright Scholar at the JFK School of Government , Harvard University ( 2002 ) ; and UNESCO Fellow at the Richardson Institute for Peace Studies , UK ( 1999 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c17398ae997708bab5b5ac7b6abdb89e", "text": "Règlement Organique (Mount Lebanon) The Règlement Organique ( `` Organic Regulation '' ) was a series of international conventions , between 1860 and 1864 , between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers , which led to the creation of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate . The 1860 Lebanon conflict led France to intervene and stop the massacre after Ottoman troops had been aiding Islamic forces by either direct support or by disarming Christian forces . France , led by Napoleon III , recalled its ancient role as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire which was established in a treaty in 1523 . Following the massacre and an international outcry , the Ottoman Empire agreed on 3 August 1860 to the dispatch of up to 12,000 European soldiers to reestablish order . The region of Syria was then part of the Ottoman Empire . The agreement was further formalized in a convention on 5 September 1860 with Austria , Great Britain , France , Prussia and Russia . France was to supply half of that number , and other countries were to send supplementary forces as needed . The agreement was signed in Paris on 5 September 1860 . An important consequence of the French expedition was the establishment of the autonomy of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate from Syria , with the nomination by the Sultan of an Armenian Christian Governor from Constantinople named Daud Pasha on 9 June 1861 . On the same day , through a further agreement , termed the Beyoglu Protocol , signed between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers in Beyoğlu , Istanbul , gave that agreement international recognition . The protocol was introduced initially for a period of three years . In September 1864 , a further convention was signed , which confirmed the permanent character of the statute and made minor changes to it . An additional Maronite district was formed and the council under the governor was reorganised ( it now had twelve members-four Maronites , three Druzes , three Greek Orthodoxes and Greek Uniates , one Sunnite and one Shi'a ) . The Règlement Organique of Lebanon remained in that form up till 1914 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dce62ae2f580c4123857a5548d16adb5", "text": "Sweden–Turkey relations Swedish -- Turkish relations are foreign relations between Sweden and Turkey . Sweden has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate -- general in Istanbul . Turkey has an embassy in Stockholm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bf7c447c20f32484f33c6c381c7d508", "text": "Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University The Faculty of Political Science of the University of Ankara ( Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi , more simply known as `` SBF '' ) is the oldest faculty of social science in Turkey , being the successor of the `` Mekteb-i Mülkiye '' ( also known as the `` Mülkiye '' ) which was established in Istanbul on February 12 , 1859 , under the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz , then moved to Ankara in 1936 under a new name , and was incorporated to Ankara University on April 3 , 1950 , under its current name . The Faculty of Political Science provides higher education in the fields of Political Science , Public Finance , Economics , Public Administration , Labor Economics , Business Administration and International Relations . It is considered to be one of the most influential institutes in the political life of Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81e3ea31d017a658dbac90d47cb1d358", "text": "Ukraine–European Union relations Relations between Ukraine and the European Union ( EU ) are currently shaped through the European Neighbourhood Policy ( ENP ) , a foreign policy instrument of the EU designed for the countries it borders . The EU is seeking an increasingly close relationship with Ukraine , going beyond co-operation , to gradual economic integration and deepening of political co-operation . Ukraine is a priority partner within the ENP . In 2012 , the EU initialled deals on free trade and political association with Ukraine ; however , EU leaders stated that these agreements would not be ratified unless Ukraine addresses concerns over a `` stark deterioration of democracy and the rule of law '' , including the imprisonment of Yulia Tymoshenko and Yuriy Lutsenko in 2011 and 2012 . Deadlines were set for Ukraine to carry out the required changes to its justice and electoral systems in order to enable the formal signing of their agreements with the EU in Vilnius on 29 November 2013 . But although the then Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych had urged the Ukrainian parliament to adopt laws so that Ukraine could meet the EU 's criteria , the Ukrainian government suspended preparations for signing the association agreement on 21 November 2013 . Yanukovych still attended the aforementioned EU summit in Vilnius on 28 -- 29 November 2013 where the association agreement was originally planned to be signed but it was not . The decision to put off signing the association agreement led to pro-EU Euromaidan movement . These led to the removal of Yanukovych and his government by parliament after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution in February 2014 . Since then , Ukraine has been striving towards integration into the European Union whilst the eastern part of the county has been engaged in pro-Russian unrest , opposing the Euromaidan movement . The political part of the Association Agreement was signed on 21 March 2014 by the new Prime Minister , Arseniy Yatsenyuk . Meanwhile , the EU has attempted to stabilize Ukraine by freezing assets of allegedly corrupt Russians and Ukrainians and by granting financial aid to Ukraine . The economic part of the Ukraine -- European Union Association Agreement was signed on 27 June 2014 by the new President , Petro Poroshenko , who described this as Ukraine 's `` first but most decisive step '' towards EU membership . Poroshenko also set 2020 as a target for an EU membership application . On January 1 , 2016 , Ukraine joined the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the EU .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0df949da80637945ad82e9148df2106c", "text": "AgroEurasia The AgroEurasia International Agriculture Fair ( Avrasya Tarim ) is one of the largest agricultural exhibitions in Eurasia . Since 2006 , it has been held in December in the Tuyap Fair and Congress Center in Istanbul , Turkey . With an exhibition area of roughly 40000 m2 , an average of 350 company and company representatives participating and over 45,000 visitors from about 40 different countries , it is a meeting place for the Eurasian agricultural sector . In 2011 over 3,000 international visitors from 34 countries attended : Afghanistan , Albania , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Bosnia Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Canada , Croatia , Denmark , Finland , France , Georgia , Greece , Hungary , Iraq , Iran , Israel , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Kosovo , Libya , Macedonia , Moldova , Russia , Sudan , Saudi Arabia , Syria , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Ukraine , and Uzbekistan . The exhibition is organised by TÜYAP Fairs and Exhibitions Inc. in cooperation with the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture , the Union of Turkish Chambers of Agriculture , and the Turkish Association of Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers ( TARMAKBİR ) . The fair is supported by the İstanbul Directorate of Urban Agriculture , the Union of İstanbul Chambers of Agriculture and the Oilseeds & Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Union of Thrace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8b92f8ee6ca30baa4b724892785bf18", "text": "UCLG MEWA United Cities and Local Governments Middle East and West Asia Section ( UCLG-MEWA ) is one of nine regional sections of United Cities and Local Governments , with headquarters in Istanbul . The International Union of Local Authorities , Section for the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Region ( IULA-EMME ) was the predecessor of UCLG-MEWA . It was established in Turkey in 1987 as one of the regional sections of International Union of Local Authorities ( IULA ) . IULA-EMME changed into UCLG-MEWA in 2004 , in parallel with the creation and restructuring of the UCLG World Organization . Since its establishment , UCLG-MEWA continues its activities for cities and local governments from its Istanbul headquarters , serving its principles of democracy , human rights , local self-government , international solidarity , accountability and transparency , and sustainable development . Activities include : Participating in the governing organs and the working groups of the UCLG World Organization Supporting global programs and campaigns conducted or supported by the UCLG World Organization ( such as GOLD , Alliance of Civilizations , Millennium Development Goals and Climate Change ) Contributing to local government-related components of global meetings involving the active presence of the UCLG World Organization ( such as the World Water Forum and Alliance of Civilizations Forum ) Serving its members through activities including cooperation and collaboration , exchange of experience and ideas , training and capacity building programs , information and documentation , and project development Involving and partnering with its members and supporting the localization process of sustainable development with City Councils after Turkey Local Agenda 21 Program . Preparing publications and documents concerning local authorities , and supporting the preparation of such publications by its members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b046c8a90c3db7d1267d4a1f65e5613", "text": "Turkish Cultural Center Turkish Cultural Center ( TCC ) is dedicated to promoting Turkish Culture in the vein of the Gülen movement in the United States . Building , increasing and fostering a strong and lasting friendship by promoting a better understanding that is based on mutual respect between the individuals of the United States of America and those of Turkish background and/or origin . Introducing , promoting and informing the people in the United States with the Turkish history and culture by bringing people together in an open dialog . TCC is a non-profit organization which operates under the Council of Turkic American Associations ( CTAA ) umbrella organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdb2782c3a2948e1dfb3a8171025bc2", "text": "Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features . Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7caff9fed2d80d3c894909f2aa09eea7", "text": "Corruption in Turkey Corruption in Turkey is an issue affecting the accession of Turkey to the European Union . In 2014 , Turkey was ranked 64th of 175 countries on Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index . The 1998 Türkbank scandal led to a no-confidence vote and the resignation of Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz . Although Yılmaz was investigated by Parliament , a five-year statute of limitations prevented further action . On 17 December 2013 , the sons of three Turkish ministers and many prominent businesspeople were arrested and accused of corruption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bc4d02831ac85ec238b4ab9e44e6f83", "text": "WELMEC WELMEC is a body set up to promote European cooperation in the field of legal metrology . WELMEC members are drawn from the national authorities responsible for legal metrology in European Union ( EU ) and European Free Trade Association ( EFTA ) member states . WELMEC state their mission as being `` to develop and maintain mutual acceptance among its members and to maintain effective cooperation to achieve a harmonised and consistent approach to the societies needs for legal metrology and for the benefit of all stakeholders including consumers and businesses . '' WELMEC was established in 1990 , at a meeting in Bern , Switzerland , and was originally the acronym for the `` Western European Legal Metrology Cooperation '' . WELMEC has 30 members and 7 associate members . Today , although the name is still WELMEC , as the European Union extended its membership outside Western Europe , so did WELMEC , the organisation 's membership encompassing EU member states , EFTA members and aspiring EU members : one of the aims of WELMEC being the provision of assistance to aspiring EU members in aligning their legal metrology process with those of the EU . As of 2013 , WELMEC 's principal activities cantered on the operation of the EU Nonautomatic Weighing Instruments Directive ( NAWI - EU directive 2009/23/EC ) and the implementation of the EU Measuring Instruments Directive ( MID - EU directive ( 2004/22/EC ) . The organisation 's working parties , which map onto various aspects of these two directives , are : WG 2 Directive Implementation ( 2009/23/EC ) WG 4 General Aspects of legal metrology WG 5 Metrological supervision WG 6 Prepackages WG 7 Software WG 8 Measuring Instruments Directive WG 10 Measuring equipment for liquids other than water WG 11 Utility meters", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09e4eaa2700aee43f7d161b05583ef74", "text": "Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement The Ukraine -- European Union Association Agreement is a European Union Association Agreement between the European Union ( EU ) , Euratom , Ukraine and the EU 's 28 member states ( which are separate parties in addition to the EU and Euratom ) . It establishes a political and economic association between the parties . The agreement has not entered into force , but parts are applied provisionally . The parties committed to co-operate and converge economic policy , legislation , and regulation across a broad range of areas , including equal rights for workers , steps towards visa-free movement of people , the exchange of information and staff in the area of justice , the modernisation of Ukraine 's energy infrastructure , and access to the European Investment Bank . The parties committed to regular summit meetings , and meetings among ministers , other officials , and experts . The agreement furthermore establishes a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the parties . The agreement commits Ukraine to economic , judicial , and financial reforms to converge its policies and legislation to those of the European Union . Ukraine commits to gradually conform to EU technical and consumer standards . The EU agrees to provide Ukraine with political and financial support , access to research and knowledge , and preferential access to EU markets . The agreement commits both parties to promote a gradual convergence toward the EU 's Common Security and Defence Policy and European Defence Agency policies . The agreement comes after more than two decades in which both parties sought to establish closer ties with each other . On the one hand , the European Union wants to ensure that its imports of grain and natural gas from Ukraine , as well as its exports of goods to Ukraine , are not threatened by instability in the region , believing that instability could eventually be reduced through sociopolitical and economic reforms in Ukraine . Ukraine , on the other hand , wants to increase its exports by benefiting from free trade with the European Union while attracting desirable external investments , as well as establishing closer ties with a sociopolitical entity to which many Ukrainians feel strong cultural connection . Western Ukraine is found to be generally more enthusiastic about EU membership than Eastern Ukraine . The political provisions of the treaty were signed on 21 March 2014 after a series of events that had stalled its ratification culminated in a revolution in Ukraine and overthrow of the then incumbent President of Ukraine , Viktor Yanukovych . This ousting was sparked by Yanukovych 's refusal to sign the agreement . Russia , Ukraine 's second largest trading partner , instead presented an association with the existing Customs Union of Russia , Belarus , and Kazakhstan as an alternative . After 21 March 2014 matters relating to trade integration were temporarily set aside ( awaiting the results of the 25 May 2014 Ukrainian presidential elections ) until the European Union and the new Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko signed the economic part of the Ukraine -- European Union Association Agreement on 27 June 2014 , and described this as Ukraine 's `` first but most decisive step '' towards EU membership . As of January 2016 the Agreement has been applied provisionally ( Titles III , V , VI and VII , and the related Annexes and Protocols have been provisionally applied since 1 November 2014 , while Title IV has been applied from 1 January 2016 ) . , as far as the provisions concern EU competences . Provisions shall formally come into force upon ratification of the Agreement by all signatories .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "198ba91144b8f4a6bc52526304c63ed8", "text": "Richard Branson Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson ( born 18 July 1950 ) is an English business magnate , investor and philanthropist . He founded the Virgin Group , which controls more than 400 companies . Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age . At the age of sixteen his first business venture was a magazine called Student . In 1970 , he set up a mail-order record business . In 1972 , he opened a chain of record stores , Virgin Records , later known as Virgin Megastores . Branson 's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s , as he set up Virgin Atlantic airline and expanded the Virgin Records music label . In March 2000 , Branson was knighted at Buckingham Palace for `` services to entrepreneurship '' . For his work in retail , music and transport ( with interests in land , air , sea and space travel ) , his taste for adventure , and for his humanitarian work , he became one of the most prominent figures in British culture . In 2002 he was named in the BBC 's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons . In January 2016 , Forbes listed Branson 's estimated net worth at $ 5.2 billion .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f85ab7f3d2a4a0a23fbd14331fb5cdd", "text": "The Quarto Group The Quarto Group is a global illustrated book publishing group founded in 1976 . It is domiciled in the US and listed on the London Stock Exchange . Their mission is to `` make and sell books that entertain , educate and enrich the lives of adults and children around the world . '' Quarto creates and owns proprietary content , publishing books from a diverse portfolio of imprints that are `` creatively independent '' and develops long-lasting content across specific niches of interest . Quarto sells books across 50 countries and in 39 languages through a variety of traditional and non-traditional channels . Quarto employs over 400 people in 11 offices in London , Brighton , Bristol , New York City , Minneapolis , Boston , Seattle , California , Hong Kong and Sydney . The group was established by co-founders Laurence Orbach and Robert Morley and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1986 . Laurence Orbach was Chairman and CEO until November 2012 , when he was replaced as Chairman by Tim Chadwick and Marcus Leaver as CEO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bd8c6a41af1649bf715cfe01ec1c574", "text": "Chrysalis Records Chrysalis Records -LSB- ˈkrɪ.sə.lɪs -RSB- is a British record label that was created in 1969 . The name was both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders ' names , Chris Wright and Terry Ellis . It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1338c566a5d90c985b4b128c34a6cde1", "text": "Virgin Unite Virgin Unite is the working name of The Virgin Foundation , the independent charitable arm of the Virgin Group . Created by Richard Branson and Virgin employees in September 2004 , Virgin Unite pools volunteering efforts from across the Virgin Group and its hundreds of subsidiaries and associated companies to grow the efforts of smaller grassroots charitable organizations . Partnered with more than a dozen charities worldwide the company also provides a resource through the Internet by serving as an online donation centre for those wanting to contribute . The primary aims of the foundation are to make sustainable change through economic development towards tough social and environmental issues . These include addressing the issue of delivering healthcare to rural parts of Africa . Branson and Virgin underwrite all the operating costs of the organization , so 100 % of contributions can be applied towards causes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "657e17c4b2a784830933a3db4a7ee764", "text": "Meridian Audio Meridian Audio is an English manufacturer of high-performance , high-fidelity audio and video components and systems founded in 1977 by Bob Stuart and Allen Boothroyd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8356e3861a19c865837c9ac6c5a0fc7", "text": "785 Records 785 Records is a record label located in New York , United States , founded in 2005 by songwriter Denise Rich . The label 's first release was the charity single Come Together Now , written by Rich , Sharon Stone , Mark Feist and Damon Sharpe from which the proceeds went to benefit the victims of Hurricane Katrina . Marc Eichner , a senior executive at RCA/BMG , joined the label as president in August 2006 . The label built a $ 1 million recording studio in Rich 's Fifth Avenue penthouse in Manhattan overlooking Central Park in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65caeb0a52abf0286522af06bb21d703", "text": "Angel Records Angel Records was a record label founded by EMI in 1953 . It specialised in classical music , but included an occasional operetta or Broadway score . The Angel mark was used by EMI , its predecessors , and affiliated companies since 1898 . EMI 's classical-music operations were sold to Warner Music Group in 2013 . The label is currently inactive since 2006 , dissolving and reassigning Angel Records ' artists and catalogues into its parent label EMI Classics and musical theatre artists and catalogues into Capitol Records . EMI Classics was sold and absorbed into Warner Classics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "208267ee4dcaaed76e204b0db49c2799", "text": "Robert Page (Lifetime Group) Robert Page MA is best known for having created The Lovers ' Guide in 1991 , when the British Board of Film Classification allowed him to make an explicit adult sex education title for release on video . It immediately went to Number One in the UK video charts and went into 13 languages and 22 territories . He has since supervised The Lovers ' Guide '' 's growth into a library of ten videos and DVDs ( distributed by such blue-chip companies as Universal , ITV Video , VCI , and Warners and shown on pay-per-view on Sky Box Office ) ; three books ( Pan Macmillan , Bloomsbury and Carlton Publishing ) ; two CD ROMs ( Waddington 's , YTV/Thomson Int ` l ) ; 85 issues of a part-work/magazine ( Marshall Cavendish ) ; games including Fun-in-Bed ( Double-G ) ; card packs -- The Lovers ' Guide Lovemaking Deck ( Connections Publishing ) ; a major website at www.loversguide.com ; and various mobile applications including Text Tips 4 Lovers , a daily sex tip service for Channel 4 . The Lovers ' Guide has also featured in two dedicated documentaries : The Making of the Lovers ' Guide on Channel 5 and Daring Himself on Sky One and there are iTV games and quizzes produced by PlayJam and Two Way TV . The Lovers ' Guide reached number 63 in Channel 4 's 100 Sexiest Movie Moments and earned Robert Page a place on the 100 strong Happy List in the Independent on Sunday -LSB- 27.04.08 -RSB- . As founder -LSB- 1985 -RSB- , Chairman and Chief Executive of the Lifetime Group , Page helped create with the Virgin Group the non-fiction sell-through video business , producing many how-to videos with such names as Alan Titchmarsh , Eric Idle , Susannah York , Johnny Morris , and Dr Desmond Morris . Some of the successes included : The Y Plan exercise series and The Scott and Charlene Love Story ( compiled from Neighbours ) . He has also produced many TV series including the drama series Runaway Bay ( 27 eps ITV & FR2 ) , documentaries including three series of Floyd on ... ( for BBC ) , with Keith Floyd , Floyd on Spain , Floyd on Italy and Far Flung Floyd ; two series of Go Wild ! ( for ITV ) , two series of Dating the Enemy ( for ITV ) , Dr Desmond Morris ' The Animal Contract ( 3 × 1hr -- winner Hollywood Genesis Award ) and Dead Men 's Tales ( ITV ) . He produced the John Cleland classic , Fanny Hill , as a TV movie and is currently producing Anna as a feature film with L.A.-based Fairweather Entertainment . Robert began his career as a University Lecturer in Drama and Theatre Arts in Australia in 1974 and founded its first national magazine of the performing arts Theatre Australia which ran to 80 issues over 7 years and went to many countries around the world . From there he produced many arts documentaries for the Australian National Broadcasting Corporation and was given his own 90 mins per week arts series , Sunday Spectrum . His last broadcast was the Opening of the Australian National Gallery by Her Majesty the Queen '' on live television before returning to England in 1983 and founding the Lifetime Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2266194f154a3b0798c51e2378587f6", "text": "Record club A record club was a mail-order retail club for selling records promoted by the major record labels during the 1950s onwards . Major clubs included EMI Records club founded in 1965 Columbia House ( redirect from Columbia Record Club ) established in 1955 . It had a significant market presence in the 1980s Capitol Record Club , Capitol Records Britannia Music Club , Polygram World Record Club Ltd. company in the United Kingdom which issued long-playing records and reel-to-reel tapes , mainly classical Customers usually joined record clubs by agreeing to buy a certain number of records , but a significant number of members would not pay for records they ordered . Record companies saw lower royalties from sales through record clubs than from sales through stores and other means . Also , the clubs could give away up to one free record for every record sold -- resulting in about half as much revenue for record companies as they might get through other kinds of distributors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c34375ed749bac269b53d09b10da4137", "text": "Sterile Records The Sterile Records record label was formed in London in 1979 by Nigel Ayers and Caroline K of the post-industrial music group Nocturnal Emissions . With a background in the mail art networks , their intention was to create and promote a new form of music . Sterile Records ' approach was a combination of the experiments of musique concrète and Fluxus combined with the critical eye of conceptual art and the spontaneity and energy of punk rock . The dark humour of industrial music and the incomprehensible nonsense of various ultra-leftist political fractions were an essential part of the mix . Sterile Records used both commercial and non-commercial media to deliver anti-capitalist messages , multi-coloured noise and information overload . Growing from cassette culture , output included records and videotapes . Caroline K left the label in 1983 . The October 2011 edition of Record Collector magazine published an article about the significance of cassette culture in the UK and listing 21 rare but sought after cassette releases , including `` Standard Response '' . In 1986 the label was effectively dissolved as Ayers turned his attention to setting up the Earthly Delights company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63f4e802dfd69de9b39107029bd7fd1", "text": "New Order discography The discography of New Order , an English rock band , consists of ten studio albums , twelve compilation albums , three live albums , five extended plays ( EPs ) , thirty-eight singles , twelve video releases , thirty-three music videos and a number of soundtrack appearances . New Order were formed in 1980 by singer and guitarist Bernard Sumner , bassist Peter Hook and drummer Stephen Morris . The group began life as a continuation of their former incarnation Joy Division . Joy Division had disbanded after the death of the lead singer Ian Curtis . Gillian Gilbert , who was Morris ' girlfriend at the time , soon joined the group and played guitar and keyboards . Remarkably , New Order 's first eight singles released between 1981 and 1984 were not taken from any album . In most cases they were not even released as a 7-inch , but exclusively available in the radio-unfriendly 12-inch format , an unusual approach for a pop-act in the eighties . Despite the high anticipation that surrounded the group , their debut single `` Ceremony '' only peaked at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart . The group 's following two singles and their debut album met with similar moderate success . It would not be until the release of their fourth single , `` Blue Monday '' , that New Order would break into the top ten , with the song peaking at number 9 . `` Blue Monday '' became a defining single for the group and caused a sensation , becoming the biggest selling 12-inch single of all time . New Order , like many other post-punk groups of the period , increasingly utilised keyboards , drum machine and sequencers in their music . As a result they became associated with the synthpop and electronic dance movements of the 1980s . Beginning with Power , Corruption & Lies from 1983 , all of the group 's studio albums reached the top ten in the United Kingdom . The group experienced a lull in popularity in the years 1985 and 1986 but the surprise international popularity of the `` Bizarre Love Triangle '' single re-launched the group across the world . The group cemented their success in 1987 with the single , `` True Faith '' , and the compilation album Substance . New Order were at the peak of their popularity in the years 1987 to 1993 , with a run of popular singles , including `` Blue Monday 1988 '' , `` Fine Time '' , `` Regret '' , `` World ( The Price of Love ) '' and in 1990 they scored their only number 1 single in the UK with the official England national football team song , `` World in Motion '' . The two albums released during these years , Technique and Republic ; each charted at number 1 in the UK . It was during this successful period that the group 's internal dynamic began to falter . Sumner was not fond of touring , and wanted to take time off from the group and produce a solo album . He formed Electronic with Johnny Marr and the pair released their first single in 1989 . Hook formed his own band , Revenge , in 1989 , while Morris and Gilbert worked together as The Other Two , primarily scoring soundtracks . Of the three side projects , Sumner 's was by far the most successful . The recording and touring of 1993 's Republic , their first for London Records , was difficult and intra-band tensions were rife . The group went on hiatus until 1998 . In the meantime two compilation albums , The Best of New Order and The Rest of New Order , and several singles were released . The group reconvened in 1998 for the Reading Festival but did not release new material until 2000 . The group released the album Get Ready in 2001 . It was met with critical warmth , but it was apparent that the group 's popularity had lessened . The lead single from the album , `` Crystal '' , reached the top ten in the UK . The film 24 Hour Party People , a humorous chronicle of their label Factory Records , was released in 2002 . New Order contributed a new song , `` Here to Stay '' , and a re-recording of the Joy Division song `` New Dawn Fades '' with Moby , for the film 's soundtrack . The compilation International and four-disc boxset Retro were released in winter 2002 . New Order followed Get Ready with Waiting for the Sirens ' Call in 2005 . During this period Gilbert stepped down from live performances due to family commitments . Phil Cunningham stepped into her role and in 2005 became an official member of the group . The group had intended to release a ninth album soon after Waiting for the Sirens ' Call , the majority of which had already been recorded . The lack of enthusiasm inside the group and relative failure of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call stalled their career momentum . In 2007 , Hook decided to leave the group , and stated that he and Sumner had no further plans to work together . Sumner formed Bad Lieutenant with Cunningham , and Hook formed Freebass . Morris continued to work with Sumner and Cunningham . In 2008 , New Order released remastered and expanded editions of their first five albums with the intention of releasing the further three albums in a similar format in future . In December 2012 it was announced that Lost Sirens would be released in the United Kingdom on 14 January 2013 . Lost Sirens is an eight-track album of tracks left out of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call . On 22 June 2015 , the band announced they are to release a new album , Music Complete , on 25 September 2015 . The album will be the first without Peter Hook , and was produced mostly by the band themselves , except `` Singularity '' and `` Unlearn This Hatred '' , both produced by Tom Rowlands , while `` Superheated '' features additional production by Stuart Price . In the US , the band has sold a certified 2 million albums , and in the UK a certified 960,000 albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a38390324534fe65f516f4dd1f3fcf4", "text": "Wonderworld (album) Wonderworld is the seventh album by British rock band Uriah Heep , released in 1974 by Bronze Records in the UK and Warner Bros. . Records in the US . The original vinyl release was a single sleeve , with the lyrics reproduced on the inner liner . The album was the last to feature bass player Gary Thain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca915d1271c24b336e29e8e02f22e7ec", "text": "Rhinos, Winos and Lunatics Rhinos , Winos and Lunatics ( stylized on the cover as man : rhinos , winos + lunatics ) is the ninth album by the Welsh psychedelic/progressive rock band Man and was released May 1974 on the United Artists Records label . It was produced by Roy Thomas Baker , noted for his work with Queen , and spent 4 weeks in the UK album chart , peaking at No 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c940ed627eb56eae2a36ead98ad30fa6", "text": "Rajon Music Group The Rajon Music Group was formed in July 2000 by John Evans after the merger of 3 leading independent record labels ( Rajon Entertainment , Redx Entertainment and Startel Entertainment ) . Consequently , the group became one of the largest independent record labels in Australia . Rajon 's core business was TV compilations ; budget , mid price and catalogue marketing and concepts ; single artist development , third party licensing ; synchronisations for TV and film , and premium CD 's . The company has also expanded into the DVD/Video market with the launch of Rajon Vision in December 2001 . Rajon owned and controlled a very successful catalogue of artists , which has earned many awards including 32 gold records , 6 platinum records and 42 major industry awards . Rajon Music Group was distributed by Sony Music in Australia who supplies product to major music and DVD retailers such Sanity , HMV , Blockbuster , K-Mart , Target , Myer/Grace , Leading Edge . The company has recently expanded the operation into New Zealand , Asia and the UK . Distribution is handled by Sony Music in Asia and Zomba/BMG in New Zealand . Rajon was a member of ARIA ( Australian Record Industry Association ) and AMCOS ( Australasian Mechanical Copyrights Owners Society ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ae82a248a456198b672a2cc7e65876", "text": "Virgin Films Virgin Films was a film production company of the early 1980s best known for making 1984 ( 1984 ) . It was part of the Virgin Group and was headed by Al Clark . Nik Powell worked for the company before going over to Palace Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b78031ec81929238734935918c59f2c", "text": "Fourth Dimension (Radiophonic album) Fourth Dimension is a 1973 BBC Records release featuring recordings created by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop composer Paddy Kingsland . Although it was credited to `` The BBC Radiophonic Workshop '' it was the work of Kingsland alone , and was the first album of Workshop music to feature only one artist . It features theme tunes used by BBC radio and television . The music prominently features VCS 3 and `` Delaware '' Synthi 100 synthesisers , both from Electronic Music Studios ( London ) Ltd , with a standard rock-based session band providing backing . The track `` Reg '' featured as the B-side to the 1973 single release of the Doctor Who theme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae642c3c08d545b3b32dfe7903796128", "text": "Dennis Publishing Dennis Publishing Ltd. is an independent publisher founded in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "077e0b9ca4621e918ab58acb35966509", "text": "Birmingham Sound Reproducers Birmingham Sound Reproducers was a British manufacturer of record player turntables . Daniel McLean McDonald founded Birmingham Sound Reproducers as a private company in 1932 in the West Midlands of England , UK . By 1947 , the company chiefly manufactured communications sets ( intercoms ) , laboratory test equipment , and sound recording and reproducing instruments , including phonographs . In the early 1950s , Samuel Margolin began buying auto-changing turntables from BSR , using them as the basis of his Dansette record player . Over the next twenty years , Margolin manufactured more than a million of these players , and `` Dansette '' became a household word in Britain . In 1957 , BSR , also known by the name BSR McDonald , became a public company and , by 1961 , had grown to employ 2,600 workers . In addition to manufacturing their own brand of player -- the Monarch Automatic Record Changer that could select and play 7 '' , 10 '' and 12 '' records at 33 , 45 or 78 rpm , changing automatically between the various settings of disc sizes only , speeds were changed Manually -- BSR McDonald supplied turntables and autochangers to most of the world 's record player manufacturers , eventually gaining 87 % of the market . By 1977 , BSR 's various factories produced over 250,000 units a week . Changing times and technology hit BSR hard in the early 1980s . Although BSR McDonald produced tape recording decks in addition to their widely used turntables and changers , consumers had begun to expect portability from their music players , and BSR were not prepared to compete with eight-track and cassette tape players or later , the groundbreaking Walkman from Japan . In the first five years of the 1980s , once-mighty BSR closed factories and made thousands of workers redundant . During the 1980s BSR manufactured the Rotronics Wafadrive for the ZX Spectrum range of computers . After producing their last turntable in 1985 , BSR McDonald closed all divisions except for Astec Power Supply , as well as keeping investments in various entities , including dbx , X10 , BSR Housewares ( the latter sold to the French small electrical appliances and kitchen equipment manufacturer Moulinex ) . BSR then moved its head office to Hong Kong , as Astec ( BSR ) plc , and continued in Hong Kong until 1998 , when Astec ( BSR ) plc was 100 % acquired by Emerson Electric Company ( NYSE : EMR ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0258d22431466856d05edbc526f6a038", "text": "Richard Anthony Hewson Richard Anthony Hewson ( born 17 November 1943 , Stockton-on-Tees , Teesside ) is an English producer , arranger , conductor and multi-instrumentalist , who created the studio group The RAH Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60188320c917f4a88ab98618ddd37a0b", "text": "The7stars the7stars is a British media agency . The organization develops promotional content and television advertising , along with social media marketing for clients , who have included music labels Cooking Vinyl , EMI Records , and Atlantic Records . In 2008 , Marketing magazine listed the agency as # 34 in the Top 50 Media Agencies in the world , rising from # 53 in 2007 . In 2015 , Campaign Magazine ranked the7stars the 12th biggest media agency in Britain .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9288ddc3cfa382a30a40e09a5b8d9a4d", "text": "Vueling Vueling Airlines , S.A. ( styled as Vueling , -LSB- ˈbwɛliŋ -RSB- ; ) is a Spanish low-cost airline based at El Prat de Llobregat in Greater Barcelona with hubs in Barcelona -- El Prat Airport and Leonardo da Vinci -- Fiumicino Airport in Rome , Italy . Its name comes from the Spanish word vuelo , which means flight . There are thirteen additional bases at A Coruña , Alicante , Amsterdam , Bilbao , Florence , Madrid , Málaga , Palma de Mallorca , Paris-Orly , Santiago de Compostela , Seville and Valencia . A fifteenth summer seasonal base is located at Ibiza . Vueling serves over 100 destinations in Africa , Asia and Europe and is the largest airline in Spain . In 2015 , the airline carried more than 24 million passengers , with a load factor of 96 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97a47461e6ec1dea9479ac86e883d60", "text": "Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ( Luchthaven Schiphol , -LSB- ˈlʏxtˌɦaːvə ( n ) ˌsxɪpˈɦɔl -RSB- ) is the main international airport of the Netherlands , located 9 km southwest of Amsterdam , in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer , province of North Holland . It is the third busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers . The airport is built as a single-terminal concept : one large terminal split into three large departure halls . Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines , Martinair , Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands . The airport also serves as a European hub for Delta Air Lines and Jet Airways and as a base for EasyJet and Vueling . Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase . The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely . By 1940 , Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles . The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol . The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war the airfield was restored quickly . In 1949 , it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands . The airport 's official English name , Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , reflects the original Dutch word order ( Luchthaven Schiphol ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4f8eabad50c139615bddc5b490540903", "text": "Meridiana Meridiana S.p.A. , operating as Meridiana ( formerly named as Alisarda S.p.A and Meridiana fly S.p.A ) , is a privately owned Italian airline headquartered in Olbia with its main base at Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport . It operates scheduled and charter flights to domestic , European and intercontinental destinations from several Italian bases . Some of its operations are carried out by its subsidiary Air Italy under the Meridiana brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75c5d7ac2c2d1255f9abf9a80a135251", "text": "Corendon Dutch Airlines Corendon Dutch Airlines ( formerly Alliance Air India ) is a Dutch branch of the Corendon Group ( which also operates Corendon Airlines in Turkey ) which started operations under its own AOC in April 2011 using a single Boeing 737 -- 800 aircraft serving European holiday destinations from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . Its head office is in Lijnden , Haarlemmermeer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e014376e1ac17bda56d7376d676e568", "text": "Atlantique Air Assistance Atlas Atlantique Airlines is a French regional airline headquartered in La Chevrolière . The airline 's base is Nantes Atlantique Airport with an office at Paris - Le Bourget Airport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e435226d17762fe607959e75fbc095c", "text": "Iberia Express Iberia Express is a Spanish low-cost airline owned by Iberia , which operates short - and medium-haul routes from its parent airline 's hub at Adolfo Suárez Madrid -- Barajas Airport , providing feeder flights onto Iberia 's long-haul network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a306850dcba3f4437b8f42fe6471809c", "text": "Helicol Helicol ( Spanish acronym : Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia ) is a helicopter operator based at El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá , Colombia . It is a subsidiary airline of Avianca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d012f9dbe83193b74a968c10885dcf", "text": "Abu Dhabi International Airport Abu Dhabi International Airport is an international airport in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi , the capital of the United Arab Emirates . The airport , located 16.5 NM east of Abu Dhabi city , is the second largest in the UAE , serving around 20 million passengers in 2014 . It has three operational passenger terminals -- Terminal 1 ( divided into Terminals 1A and 1B ) , Terminal 2 , Terminal 3 . Abu Dhabi International Airport is spread over an area of 8500 acre . Its terminal spaces are dominated by Etihad Airways , which is the United Arab Emirates ' second largest air carrier after Emirates . More than 30 airlines offered service to over 120 destinations in more than 60 countries with non-stop services to five of six inhabited continents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d393ee1f304ac51774f8317f956d07e1", "text": "Aero Caribbean Aero Caribbean ( Empresa Aerocaribbean SA ) was an airline based in Vedado , Plaza de la Revolución , Havana , Cuba . It merged with Cubana in 2015 . It operated scheduled domestic passenger services to domestic destinations and international services , and charter flights mainly within the Caribbean and South America . Its main base was at José Martí International Airport , Havana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33bc9c2bdf00ff68c2a505878cb68a56", "text": "List of aircraft operated by Scandinavian Airlines Scandinavian Airlines ( SAS ) , previously known as Scandinavian Airlines System , is the national airline of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . Headquartered in Sigtuna outside Stockholm , Sweden , it operates out of three main hubs , Copenhagen Airport , Stockholm-Arlanda Airport and Oslo Airport , Gardermoen . Owned by the eponymous SAS Group , the airline transported 22.9 million passengers to 90 destinations on an average 683 flights daily in 2011 . As of May 2017 , SAS utilize 160 aircraft -- jetliners and turboprops -- consisting of 78 Boeing 737 , 23 Bombardier CRJ900 operated by Cimber and Cityjet , 32 Airbus A319/A320/A321 , 16 Airbus A330/A340 and 11 ATR 72 's operated by Jettime and FlyBe . The airline has operated over 700 aircraft throughout its history . It was a loyal customer of Douglas Aircraft Company and its successor McDonnell Douglas , operating 290 aircraft and all major models from the DC-3 through the MD-90 , except the MD-11 . Boeing is the second-largest manufacturer with 127 aircraft , of which 105 were 737s . Other manufacturers have been Fokker ( 51 aircraft ) , Bombardier ( 40 ) , Airbus ( 29 ) , Convair ( 22 ) , Sud Aviation ( 21 ) , Saab ( 14 ) , Vickers ( 9 ) , ATR ( 6 ) , British Aerospace ( 3 ) , British Aircraft Corporation ( 2 ) , Junkers ( 2 ) and Shorts ( 2 ) . SAS has been the launch customer of the Saab Scandia , the Sud Aviation Caravelle , the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-20 and − 40 and the Boeing 737 -- 600 . SAS was the sole customer of the DC-9-20 ; the DC-9-40 served SAS for 34 years -- longer than any other model . Fourteen aircraft have been involved in hull-loss accidents , four of which were fatal . SAS started as a cooperation between Norwegian Air Lines ( DNL ) , Aerotransport ( ABA ) , Swedish Intercontinental Airlines ( SILA ) and Danish Air Lines ( DDL ) , who created Overseas Scandinavian Airlines System ( OSAS ) in 1946 and European Scandinavian Airlines System ( ESAS ) two years later . The airlines merged to create the SAS consortium in 1951 . In the early years , SAS would rapidly purchase the newest intercontinental aircraft and gradually relegate them to European and then domestic service . The Caravelle was introduced in 1959 as SAS ' first jetliner ; intercontinental jet services commenced with the DC-8 the following year . The consortium created Scanair as a charter sister company in 1961 . SAS Commuter was created in 1984 to operate regional airliners . The last such aircraft were retired in 2010 . SAS bought its main competitors Linjeflyg of Sweden in 1993 and Braathens of Norway in 2001 ; the latter was merged to operate as SAS Braathens in Norway between 2004 and 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "719bd132a299888358454fe801351114", "text": "Rhein-Main Air Base Rhein-Main Air Base ( located at ) was a United States Air Force air base near the city of Frankfurt am Main , Germany . It was a United States Air Forces in Europe ( USAFE ) installation , occupying the south side of Frankfurt Airport . Its military airport codes are discontinued . Established in 1945 , Rhein-Main Air Base was the primary airlift and passenger hub for United States forces in Europe . It was billed as the `` Gateway to Europe '' . It closed December 30 , 2005 . During its lifetime , the base 's host airlift wing operated C-130 Hercules and Douglas C-9 Nightingale aircraft , as well as supporting a large number of transient C-5 Galaxy , C-141 Starlifter , C-17 Globemaster III , KC-135 Stratotanker and KC-10 Extender flight operations each day , as well as weekly or daily contract air passenger flights for United States personnel arriving in or leaving Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abbce440c2ff3ff5e7d55093d6cc6ea7", "text": "Aviodrome The Nationaal Luchtvaart-Themapark Aviodrome ( short also Aviodrome ) is a large aerospace museum in the Netherlands that has been located on Lelystad Airport since 2003 . Previously the museum was located at Schiphol Airport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16947fcbb28a8460256890c98d28640a", "text": "Intermediación Aérea Intermediación Aérea was an airline based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . It was established in 1997 and operated domestic passenger and cargo services . It ceased operations in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13017255a92768e76a8a7c1f43aea592", "text": "Rosario – Islas Malvinas International Airport Rosario -- Islas Malvinas International Airport ( Aeropuerto Internacional de Rosario -- Islas Malvinas ) is located 13 km west-northwest from the center of Rosario , a city in the Santa Fe Province of Argentina . The airport covers an area of 550 ha and is operated by the Province of Santa Fe . The airport serves the Greater Rosario area and is the main hub for Sol Líneas Aéreas and is also served by Aerolíneas Argentinas , Gol Transportes Aéreos and TAM Linhas Aereas . There are domestic flights within Argentina from Rosario to Buenos Aires , Córdoba , Puerto Iguazú , San Carlos de Bariloche , El Calafate , Mar del Plata ( via Buenos Aires ) , Mendoza ( vía Córdoba ) , Santa Fe ( via Buenos Aires ) and Villa Gesell ( only in summer , via Buenos Aires ) cities as well as international services to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , and Punta del Este , Uruguay ( direct flight in summer and via Buenos Aires in fall , winter and spring ) . The airport is at an altitude of 26 mand the runway is 3000 x. A new terminal was constructed between 2003 and 2004 , making Rosario effectively an international airport . Because of being so close to Buenos Aires ( 340 km ) , direct flights between them are not common . In the first years of the 21st century the Rosario Airport has progressively lost air traffic volume , even after it was updated and expanded in 2003 -- 2004 . In 2005 there were only 1,807 flights , about 75 % less than in 2000 . Among the reasons cited are low ticket prices compared to the increased cost of fuel , the lack of a national air transportation policy , and the existence of a cheaper and fast alternative ( the Rosario-Buenos Aires Highway ) . The airport 's name reflects Argentina 's claims of sovereignty over the Falkland Islands ( Islas Malvinas in Spanish ) , and could be translated as `` Rosario -- Falkland Islands International Airport '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4eb0cee35e73cbc79c4489ce7252d9b3", "text": "Estafeta Carga Aérea Estafeta Carga Aérea S.A. de C.V. is a cargo airline based in Mexico City , Mexico . It operates domestic cargo charters in Mexico and the USA and has over 25 interline agreements providing connecting services to the rest of the Americas , Europe and Asia . Its main base is Ponciano Arriaga International Airport , San Luis Potosí .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2e793fe0591fed28f32c23a59e245ea", "text": "Swiss International Air Lines Swiss International Air Lines AG ( short Swiss , stylized as SWISS ) is the national airline of Switzerland operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America , South America , Africa and Asia . Its main hub is Zurich Airport , with a focus city operation at Geneva Airport . The airline was formed after the 2001 bankruptcy of Swissair , Switzerland 's former flag carrier . Swiss is a member of the Star Alliance . It is a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group , with headquarters at EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg near Basel , Switzerland , and an office at Zurich Airport in Kloten , Switzerland . The company 's registered office is in Basel . The airline uses the IATA code LX that it inherited from the Swiss regional airline Crossair ( Swissair 's code was SR ) . The ICAO code is SWR , inherited from Swissair ( Crossair 's was CRX ) , in order to keep international traffic rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d78ba40cefd5d6b1d4591ee1d4e80c2a", "text": "ASL Airlines France ASL Airlines France , formerly Europe Airpost , is an airline based in the Bâtiment Le Séquoia in Tremblay-en-France . It operates mail and cargo flights for the postal service and newspapers dispatch during the night and scheduled and charter services for other airlines and tour operators by day thanks to its fleet of Boeing 737-300QC ( `` Quick Change '' ) aircraft that can be switched between cargo and passenger configuration in less than an hour . Its main base is Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2126389bfb9324eecfc60b29ed22415", "text": "Iceland Express Iceland Express was a low-fare airline headquartered in Reykjavík , Iceland , that is now operated by WOW air . It operated services to several destinations in Europe using wet-leased aircraft . Its main base was Keflavík International Airport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa2cba279767f447b62721385a7695a1", "text": "West Air Sweden West Air Sweden , operating as West Atlantic , is a cargo airline based in Gothenburg , Sweden . It operates scheduled and ad hoc freight charter services for FedEx , DHL , TNT and UPS . It is also contracted to operate mail flights 6 nights a week on behalf of the Swedish post office and Royal Mail . Its main bases are Lidköping-Hovby Airport ( LDK ) and Malmö Airport ( MMX ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3deb397dfc356bf8eed329e0a332f4e", "text": "Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Soekarno -- Hatta International Airport ( Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno -- Hatta ) , abbreviated SHIA or Soetta , is the primary airport serving the Greater Jakarta area on the island of Java in Indonesia . Named after the first president and vice-president of Indonesia , Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta , the airport is located at Benda , Tangerang , approximately 20 km northwest of central Jakarta . Due to its proximity to the neighbourhood of Cengkareng in West Jakarta , the airport is also known as Cengkareng Airport , with the assigned three-letter IATA designator : `` CGK '' . The airport is the busiest and the largest airport in Indonesia , as well as being the busiest in the southern hemisphere . According to air travel intelligence company OAG , the airport ranked as the 7th most connected airport in the world & ranked 1st as ` megahub ' airport in Asia-Pacific region as per connectivity index , ahead of Japan 's Tokyo Haneda Airport and Australia 's Sydney Airport . The airport commenced domestic operations in 1985 replacing the old over capacity Kemayoran Airport . The airport was expanded by 1991 to replace Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport for international flights , with Halim only having been commissioned as a temporary solution until Soekarno -- Hatta was completed . Kemayoran Airport has since been demolished and is now a residential area . Halim still serves charter , VIP , and private flights , and re-opened as Jakarta 's second commercial airport for domestic flights to relieve Soekarno -- Hatta which is running over capacity , due to the rapid growth of airline travel in Indonesia . The airport often struggles to accommodate all flights at its current limit of 72 aircraft movements per hour . Although over capacity , after a survey from April 23 to May 3 the Airport Council International ( ACI ) stated on May 4 2012 that Soekarno -- Hatta International Airport is being operated safely . The two existing runways suffer from pavement and strength issues , which limits the airport 's capacity to serve large aircraft.To reduce congestion & to achieve a target to handle 100 flights/hour , works for a 3rd runway is currently going on , which is expected to open in 2018 . Upgrading of existing two runways are almost completed for safe operation & accommodation of wide-bodied aircraft at the airport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95a353e4196b97c7cafcded661416e42", "text": "European Air Transport Leipzig European Air Transport Leipzig GmbH , often shortened to EAT Leipzig or EAT-LEJ , is a German cargo airline with its head office and main hub on the grounds of Leipzig/Halle Airport in Schkeuditz . It is wholly owned by Deutsche Post DHL and operates the group 's DHL-branded parcel and express services . It also provides ad hoc charter services including livestock transport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e691989abd68f5fbad7bd412106718", "text": "Brussels Airlines Brussels Airlines ( stylized as brussels airlines ) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Belgium , based and headquartered at Brussels Airport . It operates to over 90 destinations in Europe , North America , Africa and Asia and also offers additional charter services , maintenance and crew training . The airline is a member of the Star Alliance as well as the International Air Transport Association . The airline 's IATA code SN is inherited from its predecessors , Sabena and SN Brussels Airlines . Lufthansa purchased 45 % of the company in 2009 , and on September 29 , 2016 , Lufthansa announced it would purchase the remainder of Brussels Airlines for $ 2.6 million euros . The transaction was completed in early January 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "22dab11e63431f0402e07826b1204f85", "text": "Jennifer Aniston Jennifer Joanna Aniston ( born February 11 , 1969 ) is an American actress , producer , and businesswoman . She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow . Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the popular television sitcom Friends ( 1994 -- 2004 ) , a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television . Aniston has played the female protagonist in a number of comedies and romantic comedies . Her box office hits include Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , The Break-Up ( 2006 ) , Marley & Me ( 2008 ) , Just Go with It ( 2011 ) , Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) , and We 're the Millers ( 2013 ) , each of which have grossed over 200 million in worldwide receipts . Her most critically acclaimed roles included the role of Olivia in Friends with Money ( 2006 ) , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) , for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead , and the drama Cake ( 2014 ) , for which she received nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress . Her other films include Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) and He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) . In 2008 , she co-founded the production company Echo Films . In 2012 , Aniston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She is one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood , and as of 2014 , her net worth is estimated to be 150 million . She has also been included in magazines ' lists of the world 's most beautiful women . People magazine named Aniston `` The Most Beautiful Woman '' in 2004 and 2016 , and Men 's Health magazine voted her the `` Sexiest Woman of All Time '' in 2011 . Divorced from actor Brad Pitt , to whom she was married for five years , she has been married to actor Justin Theroux since 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9ef5dbca5c4e964b38f184646ba83922", "text": "Jennifer James Jennifer James ( born Jennifer Marie Reynolds ; 3 December 1977 ) is an English actress born in Billinge Higher End , Wigan in Greater Manchester . She played the role of Geena Gregory in Coronation Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02be4656be95add179fd8cb8a61bff52", "text": "Giorgos Konstantinou Giorgos Konstadinou ( Γιώργος Κωνσταντίνου born October 27 , 1934 in Athens ) is a Greek actor , writer , and director . He is the son of actress Nitsa Filosofou . His career was boosted after the ` profiterole ' scene in the movie Ktipokardia sto thranio and reached its pinnacle with the comedy film The ... Kopanoi in the 1980s . He has written and acted in several plays and TV series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc984270ed0956f13831c40751201dd7", "text": "America America America America ( British title The Anatolian Smile -- a reference to an ongoing acknowledgment of the character Stavros ' captivating smile ) is a 1963 American dramatic film directed , produced and written by Elia Kazan , adapted from his own book , published in 1962 . The dust jacket of the novel has no comma in the title , nor does the title in the film itself . Many listings of the film include a comma . Inspired by the life of Kazan 's uncle , Avraam Elia Kazantzoglou , the director uses little-known cast members , with the entire storyline revolving around the central performance of Greek actor Stathis Giallelis ( born 1941 ) , twenty-two years old at the time of production , who is in virtually every scene of the nearly three-hour movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "672e75cc1a8a68b063ef9674709a8cbe", "text": "Zannino Zannino ( Ζαννίνο born Yannis Papadopoulos ; 21 August 1923 -- 27 May 1995 ) was a Greek actor . He performed in more than eighty films from 1956 to 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74fb6dbf43ad634626d1e8e626860652", "text": "Bodie Olmos Bodie James Olmos ( born August 27 , 1975 ) is an American actor of TV and film . He is the son of Edward James Olmos and Katija Keel , and grandson of Howard Keel . His older brother is actor Mico Olmos , and his younger sister is Daniela Olmos . His first on screen appearance was on The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez in 1982 when he was 7 years old . His most recent appearance on television is alongside his father in Battlestar Galactica as Lieutenant Junior Grade Brendan `` Hotdog '' Costanza . He also acted in a film directed by his father named Walkout .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cdfe75e575f2f122af44f0739f4bb4c", "text": "Room 10 Room 10 is a 2006 Jennifer Aniston co-directed short film starring Robin Wright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dacaad0f95e2d252bd092ac02716ba2", "text": "Manos Papayiannis Manos Papayiannis ( Greek : Μάνος Παπαγιάννης ; born December 15 , 1977 ) is a Greek , former male fashion model , theatre , stage , television and movie actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2bd95ce4ad14da1da11d862d77fa9c7", "text": "Marika Nezer Marika Nezer ( Μαρίκα Νέζερ 1906 -- 18 July 1989 ) was a Greek actress . She was the daughter of Konstantinos Nezer , brother of Christoforos Nezer ( 1903 -- 1996 ) and cousin of Christoforos Nezer ( 1887 -- 1970 ) and granddaughter of Christoforos Nezer , fort chief of Athens and an aide-de-camp of King Otto of Greece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "392239fb8d903065c667b78d3d747428", "text": "Dimitri Liakopoulos Dimitri ( or Dimitris ) Liakopoulos ( born October 28 , 1984 in Athens , Greece ) is a Greek theatre and television actor , best known for his role as Pavlos Doukas on the Greek soap opera , Erotas . His satirical portrayal of the traditional comedic character earned him critical acclaim in Greece and overseas ; he portrays Alexis in the 2009 series Lakis o Glyoulis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd8a3dd71f3e3b3d216cce894e76f29", "text": "Nikos Psacharopoulos Nikos Psacharopoulos ( born Athens , January 18 , 1928 , died St. John , U.S. Virgin Islands , on January 12 , 1989 ) was an American theater producer , director , and educator . Born Nickolas Konstantin Athanasios Psacharopoulos VII , he claimed to have organized his first theatrical troupe at age 15 under the Nazi occupation of his homeland . He moved to the United States in 1947 and attended Oberlin College where he directed productions for the Oberlin Mummers . He graduated in 1951 with a degree in art history . Three years later he received a Master of Fine Arts Degree in theater direction from the Yale Drama School . In 1955 , he joined the faculty of Yale 's undergraduate theater studies department and also taught in the graduate Drama School , where he remained until his death of colon cancer at age 60 . Psacharopoulos was a co-founder of the Williamstown Theater Festival ( WTF ) in 1955 , based in the Adams Memorial Theater on the campus of Williams College . Psacharopoulos went on to serve as WTF 's sole artistic executive director for 33 years , creating a professional summer theater that was more than a typical summer stock escapist operation . He was aided for many years by Tom Brennan , who served as the WTF associate director . Under Psacharopoulos ' leadership , WTF specialized in the plays of Anton Chekhov and Bertolt Brecht , as well as the work of many classic American playwrights such as Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , Arthur Miller , and Archibald MacLeish . Psacharopoulos traveled often between his Greek homeland and New York City , his main residence , where he staged theater productions with the Circle-in-the-Square , the New York Pro Musica , and City Opera . Psacharopoulos ' international reputation and demanding artistry drew many famous actors to perform with the WTF , names such as Frank Langella , Kate Burton , Rosemary Harris , Blythe Danner , and Colleen Dewhurst . To all -- his `` stars '' and apprentices -- he was a man of great style , a gourmet who would excuse himself from a table of friends to confer with a restaurant 's chef ; he was something of a dandy who , nevertheless , was always addressed simply as `` Nikos . '' Many directors and leaders of American theater were inspired by Nikos ' guidance . Each year he would choose an assistant from his students at Yale to accompany him to WTF to experience their first seasons as professional directors . Peter H. Hunt , Austin Pendleton , Keith Fowler , and Arvin Brown are among those who first served with Nikos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c5827a9909c312563f4f9e1040e6b34", "text": "Giannis Alafouzos Giannis Alafouzos is a Greek businessman and member of the Alafouzos family from Santorini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87e2c96974933e1ea08c40c10ecca79b", "text": "Lorelei Linklater Lorelei Grace Linklater ( born May 29 , 1994 ) is an American actress . She is the daughter of Christina Harrison and director Richard Linklater . She appears in her father 's films Waking Life and Boyhood , the latter playing the older sister to Ellar Coltrane 's Mason .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b6e96899af73286cde4d6b2ce8d83db", "text": "Nikki Samonas Nikoletta Samonas ( popularly known as Nikki Samonas , born 1985 , 5 September ) is a Ghanaian actress and model . She was born to a Greek father and a Ghanaian mother . Samonas initially became famous after her role in the film My first wife alongside Nigerian actor Jim Iyke .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1a15e4238b7227f2858e71d1aa6d385", "text": "Nikos Konstantopoulos Nikos Konstantopoulos ( ; born 8 June 1942 in Krestena , Elis ) is a Greek politician , member of the Hellenic Parliament and former president of the left-wing Synaspismos . His daughter , Zoi , was until September 2015 the Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "267dd8311b81977a060788c8fe483e8b", "text": "Michael Constantine Michael Constantine ( born May 22 , 1927 ) is an American actor of Greek descent . He is most widely recognized for his portrayal of Kostas `` Gus '' Portokalos , the Windex bottle-toting Greek father of Toula Portokalos ( Nia Vardalos ) , in the surprise hit film My Big Fat Greek Wedding ( 2002 ) . Earlier , he earned much acclaim for his extensive television work , especially as the long-suffering high school principal , Seymour Kaufman , on ABC 's sitcom , Room 222 , for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1970 ; he was again recognized by the Emmys , as well as the Golden Globes , the following year . After the conclusion of Room 222 , Constantine portrayed night court magistrate Matthew J. Sirota on the 1976 sitcom Sirota 's Court , receiving his second Golden Globe nomination . Constantine reprised his role as Gus Portokalos in My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d0446354588f8fbadd0cb3c869c96a", "text": "Panos Mihalopoulos Panos Mihalopoulos ( Πάνος Μιχαλόπουλος born 15 January 1949 ) is a Greek actor , who has appeared during the last three decades in movies and television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb593a1390a3d71b20c19407dd9a32e", "text": "Papadopoulos Papadopoulos , sometimes transliterated as Papadopulos , is the most common Greek surname . It is used in Greece , Cyprus and countries of the Greek diaspora as well , such as the USA , United Kingdom , Australia and Scandinavian countries . It means `` son of a priest '' . Its female version is Papadopoulou .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d052265c5261b9731342cddf3531bf0", "text": "Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems . The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora . Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d4ede7e67ddee6d40baa4e18f89fb9", "text": "Summer Phoenix Summer Joy Phoenix ( born Summer Joy Bottom ; December 10 , 1978 ) is an American actress , model and designer . She is the youngest sibling of actors/actresses Rain Phoenix , Joaquin Phoenix , Liberty Phoenix , and River Phoenix .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dd4751be4dfc7b6351e4a07efb5a3a9a", "text": "Kris Kristofferson Kristoffer `` Kris '' Kristofferson ( born June 22 , 1936 ) is an American singer-songwriter , musician , and actor . He wrote and recorded the songs `` Me and Bobby McGee '' , `` For the Good Times '' , `` Sunday Mornin ' Comin ' Down '' , and `` Help Me Make It Through the Night '' . Kristofferson composed his own songs and collaborated with Nashville songwriters such as Shel Silverstein . In 1985 , Kristofferson joined fellow country artists Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , and Johnny Cash in forming the country music supergroup The Highwaymen . In 2004 , Kristofferson was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame . He is also known for his starring roles in Alice Does n't Live Here Anymore and A Star Is Born , for the latter of which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6bd40307551bb87e156e1e643e096b28", "text": "The Wrights (duo) The Wrights is an American country music duo composed of husband and wife Adam Wright and Shannon Wright . Adam Wright is also the nephew of country music artist Alan Jackson . Adam and Shannon Wright met in 1998 after he filled in for a musician in her band in Atlanta , Georgia . The two started out writing songs together , eventually marrying and moving to Nashville , Tennessee in 2002 . Two of the duo 's songs can be found on Jackson 's 2004 album What I Do . A year later , the Wrights ' debut album , Down This Road , was released on Jackson 's personal label , ACR ( Alan 's Country Records ) , in association with RCA Records . Adam and Shannon wrote all of the songs on their album . A self-titled , eight-song EP and a second album , In the Summertime , both followed in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce3a6ab4c59c42f9d0ff822768ca961", "text": "Songwriters Association of Canada The Songwriters Association of Canada ( SAC ) is a Canadian organization dedicated exclusively to Canadian composers , lyricists and songwriters . Their mission is to develop and protect the creative and business environments for songwriters in Canada and around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c831825eb0d0f567d93b410b0529ef6", "text": "Gonesville `` Gonesville '' is a song by Bob Weir , which is the second single from his third solo album , Blue Mountain . Written by Weir in collaboration with members of The National ; Josh Ritter , Josh Kaufman , Scott Devendorf , Joe Russo , and The Walkmen 's Walter Martin , along with lyricists Gerrit Graham and John Perry Barlow . The producers are Josh Kaufman and Daniel Goodwin . `` Gonesville '' premiered on Rolling Stone 's website for streaming . `` Gonesville , '' is a bouncy , sing-along track that was co-written by Josh Ritter . Elias Leight , from Rolling Stone , described the song as `` Weir and his band shambling cheerfully here : The bass line hints at the verve of honky tonk , the harmonica scoots forward and the lead guitar spits lively licks . A raft of backing vocalists join in during the chorus , adding to the cool , festive air , and `` Gonesville '' comes to a close with a jaunty group chant . '' Speaking about the inspiration for song , Weir described the song as `` being a take on a Rockabilly tune . I was trying to go back and channel Elvis for the vocal , and for the music as well . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d06aef6afb0cc81fdc8ac153f15df183", "text": "The Womack Family Band The Womack Family Band is an Americana music quartet from Norwalk , Ohio . The group consists of Haley Heyman ( guitar , mandolin , keyboards , vocals ) , Noah Heyman ( guitar , mandolin , bass guitar , banjo , vocals ) , Tony Schaffer ( piano , guitar , bass guitar , alto saxophone , trumpet , clarinet , vocals ) , and Cory Webb ( drums ) . The Womacks unique and varied sound is attributed to the groups three distinct songwriters , which allows a new lyrical perspective with each song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63bcd0ad8581cff77de8accb18452339", "text": "List of Billboard number-one Americana/folk albums Americana/Folk Albums ( formerly Folk Albums ) is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks the top selling `` current releases by traditional folk artists , as well as appropriate titles by acoustic-based singer-songwriters '' in the United States . The chart debuted on the issue dated December 5 , 2009 , as a 15-position chart with its first number-one title being the Bob Dylan Christmas album Christmas in the Heart . It has since expanded to a 25-position chart . In May 2016 , Billboard renamed the chart to `` Americana/Folk Albums '' , with the increasing popularity of Americana music , giving more recognition to acts which lean more towards Americana than folk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb7aa326a747d71c15525803dc0ebb08", "text": "Dianne Wilkinson Dianne Wilkinson ( née Branscum ; born 1944 ) is an American southern gospel singer , songwriter , and pianist . She was nominated in the Songwriter of the Year non-artist category at the 46th GMA Dove Awards . Wilkinson was born Dianne Branscum , in Blytheville , Arkansas , during 1944 , to her parents Marvin O. `` Buster '' and Blanche Branscum ( née , Ross ) , while she has a brother Rev. James Branscum . She is a 1962 graduate of Blytheville High School . She is a retired healthcare worker from Dyersburg , Tennessee , where she resides with her husband , Timothy , who have been married since March 11 , 1972 , at Ridgecrest Baptist Church in Memphis , Tennessee . She is a member of Springhill Baptist Church in her hometown , where she plays the piano during their worship services . She has a long storied career as a southern gospel songwriter for many artists , and she even got a nomination at the 46th GMA Dove Awards , in the Songwriter of the Year non-artist category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "badce9695b8a4e55c49ae48334247d32", "text": "Tootsie's Orchid Lounge Tootsie 's Orchid Lounge ( also known as Tootsie 's World Famous Orchid Lounge ) is a honky-tonk bar located in Nashville , Tennessee behind the Ryman Auditorium . Tootsie 's has three stages that host live local talent each night ; covering modern day country music artist such as Jason Aldean , Taylor Swift , and other popular country music artists as well as original work . Some of its early famous first customers were Willie Nelson , Patsy Cline , Mel Tillis , Kris Kristofferson , Waylon Jennings , Roger Miller and numerous others country musicians . According to www.tootsies.net , Willie Nelson received his first songwriting gig after singing at Tootsie 's . Terri Clark a Canadian-born country artist started singing at Tootsie 's in 1987 . and has since become an internationally known country superstar with hits such as Better Things to Do , and the Warren Zevon cover , Poor Poor Pitiful Me . Originally named Mom 's , Tootsie Bess ( Hattie Louise Bess ) bought the future honky tonk in 1960 . The name however , came later when to her surprise a painter painted the lounge purple . Subsequently , the name was changed to Tootsie 's Orchid Lounge and to date , the exterior of the lounge is still painted the same color . Tootsie was known to slip 5 's and 10 's into the pockets of luckless writers and pickers . It was said she had a cigar box behind the counter full of IOU 's from where she had given drinks and food to hungry writers and pickers . Supposedly , at each year 's end , a bunch of Opry Performers would take all the IOU 's and pay Tootsie so she would n't lose the money . At her 1978 funeral were Tom T. Hall , Roy Acuff and Faron Young . She was buried in an Orchid gown , with an orchid placed in the orchid colored casket , so she could take her favorite flower to heaven . Connie Smith sang some of Tootsie 's favorite hymns at the funeral . On November 7 , 2010 , Tootsie 's celebrated its 50th Anniversary with performances at the Ryman Auditorium from Kris Kristofferson , Terri Clark , Little Jimmy Dickens , Mel Tillis , Jamey Johnson , and Joanna Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429aba119e0a5135b457d2637de968dd", "text": "Bob Montgomery (songwriter) Bob Montgomery ( May 12 , 1937 -- December 4 , 2014 ) was an American singer , songwriter , and record producer/publisher . Montgomery was born in Lampasas , Texas , United States . He was a songwriting partner and best friend of Buddy Holly , performing together as the duo `` Buddy and Bob '' while teenagers in high school . Initially , they played a variety of bluegrass music , which evolved into rockabilly sounds . Montgomery met Holly at Hutchinson Junior High School in Lubbock , Texas , in 1949 . They started playing together at school assemblies and on local radio shows . Montgomery sang lead and Holly harmonized . They soon had a weekly Sunday radio show on station KDAV . On October 14 , 1955 , Bill Haley & His Comets played a concert at the Fair Park Auditorium , at Montgomery , Holly and bassist Larry Welborn were also on the bill . Eddie Crandall , Marty Robbins ' manager , spoke to KDAV station owner Pappy Dave Stone and told him he was interested in Holly as a solo performer . Holly 's career then began after demo recordings of his music were made and sent to Decca Records . Montgomery co-wrote some of Holly 's songs , such as `` Heartbeat '' , `` Wishing '' , and `` Love 's Made a Fool of You '' . He wrote the pop standard `` Misty Blue '' and , for Patsy Cline , `` Back in Baby 's Arms '' . His son Kevin recorded a version of this , which appeared on his album True . Montgomery produced Bobby Goldsboro 's 1968 number 1 hit `` Honey '' . Montgomery died on December 4 , 2014 , in Lee 's Summit , Missouri , of Parkinson 's disease , at the age of 77 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "581c7692c91eb53cb37905c6dee94ea5", "text": "Word Records Word Records is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville , Tennessee . It is owned by Curb Records and is a part of Word Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27f3eb34bb746072f0bd3633bcf9a06", "text": "Closer to the Bone Closer to the Bone is the twentieth studio album by Kris Kristofferson . The album was released on September 29 , 2009 on the New West record label . Kristofferson has said : '' Closer to the Bone is a reflective album . It 's about making sense of life at this end of the game . '' It was originally entitled Starlight and Stone , but Kristofferson changed it to Closer to the Bone as he felt like it was more descriptive of the meaning of the album : '' ... the closer to the bone you are and the closer to the truth . '' The song , `` Good Morning John '' was written in the 1970s and is about Johnny Cash . Kristofferson wrote `` Sister Sinead '' as a tribute to Sinéad O'Connor . The album is dedicated to Stephen Bruton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae1f99847cfd261eec084ba20cac0b4c", "text": "River City Gang River City Gang is an American country music group and songwriting team founded in Richmond , Virginia . Since its creation , River City Gang has been composed of three members : Sam Hayes ( lead vocals ) , Brian S. Friedman ( guitar , vocals ) and David Phoenix Karns ( Bass Guitar , vocals ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec3538ea33f95598f0230b957a604222", "text": "The Statler Brothers Show The Statler Brothers Show was an American television variety show hosted by country music group The Statler Brothers . The show ran for seven seasons from 1991 to 1998 on The Nashville Network ( TNN ) as part of the network 's Saturday night lineup and became the most popular show on TNN , including being the highest rated show in the network 's history . The show 's theme music is an instrumental of `` The Class of ' 57 , '' one of the Statlers ' biggest hits as performed by the Bill Walker Orchestra , which along with the Statlers ' band , provided all the music for the show . Each episode of the program opened with a performance by the Statlers of one of their biggest hits , along with comedy interludes from group member Harold Reid . Other regulars on the show over the course of its run included fellow country artists Rex Allen , Jr. , Janie Fricke , Crystal Gayle , and Ronna Reeves , who would also perform their songs on the show . There was also a segment that featured magicians , jugglers , acrobats , etc. . The show also featured a segment called `` Yesteryear , '' in which a year in history was remembered through songs released in that year as well as description of events that occurred in that year as performed and told by the Statlers and the regulars . The segment became so popular at one point that it developed into a stand-alone spin-off series which also aired on TNN , but was short-lived . After `` Yesteryear , '' a similar segment was introduced called `` Music Mail Time , '' in which viewers could write in and request popular songs to be performed by the Statlers and the regulars . Each episode also included major country music guest stars who performed their hits of the day , and the show always closed with a gospel song performed by the Statlers with Bill Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53c8bf605ab51e85b4720a1c8e75d226", "text": "Johnny Neel Johnny Neel is an American vocalist , songwriter , and musician based in Nashville , Tennessee . He is best known for his songwriting , stage , and session work for the Allman Brothers , Gov ' t Mule , and Dickey Betts . As a songwriter , in addition to the material written , or co-written for the Allman Brothers , Gregg Allman , and Dicky Betts , Neel 's songs have also been recorded by Gov ' t Mule , John Mayall , Delbert McClinton , Montgomery Gentry , Keith Whitley , Travis Tritt , The Oak Ridge Boys , Restless Heart , Ann Peebles , Dorothy Moore , and John Schneider . As a studio musician , Neel has appeared on recordings by The Allman Brothers , Gov ' t Mule , Warren Haynes , Dickey Betts , Montgomery Gentry , Michael McDonald , Todd Snider , David Allan Coe , Jeff Coffin , Robert Gordon , Chris LeDoux , Tiny Town , Suzy Bogguss , Joe Diffie , Colin Raye , and Pirates of the Mississippi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "698c4ef7090d951022c358c282fd8c17", "text": "Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends `` Please Do n't Tell Me How the Story Ends '' is a song written by Kris Kristofferson , and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap . It was released in 1974 as the second single from the album Pure Love . The song was his fourth country hit and second number one on the country chart . The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent a total of nine weeks on the country chart . Kristofferson recorded the song with Rita Coolidge for their final duet album , Natural Act , and later with Mark Knopfler for The Austin Sessions . The song has been recorded by many artists including Bobby Bare , Sammy Davis , Jr. , Joan Osborne , Dee Reilly and Willie Nelson . Milsap himself recorded an earlier version of the song , released on his 1971 self-titled album , while recording for Warner Bros. . Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59f2834547fa44e5f72c0709c9b02584", "text": "This Is Country Music (song) `` This Is Country Music '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley . After performing it at the Country Music Association awards ceremony , Paisley released the song in December 2010 . The song is Paisley 's twenty-eighth single release overall ; it entered the Hot Country Songs charts dated for December 4 , 2010 . It was included on his eighth studio album , This Is Country Music , released on May 23 , 2011 release via Arista Nashville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aabc0ecb9db1085600c3aa801c31ced1", "text": "The Highwaymen (country supergroup) The Highwaymen was a country music supergroup composed of four of the genre 's biggest artists well known for their pioneering influence on the outlaw country subgenre : Johnny Cash , Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , and Kris Kristofferson . Active as a group between 1985 and 1995 , these four artists recorded three major label albums as The Highwaymen : two on Columbia Records and one for Liberty Records . Their Columbia works produced three chart singles , including the number one `` Highwayman '' in 1985 . Between the years of 1996 and 1999 , Nelson , Kristofferson , Cash , and Jennings also provided the voice and dramatization for the Louis L'Amour Collection , a four CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company , although the four were not credited as `` The Highwaymen '' in this work . Besides the four formal members of the group , only one other vocal recording artist ever appeared on a Highwaymen recording : Johnny Rodriguez , who provided Spanish vocal on `` Deportee '' , a Woody Guthrie composition , from `` Highwayman '' . The four original members starred in a movie together : the 1986 film Stagecoach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68454e532b4ffcaa0547f296109f31c2", "text": "Why Me (Kris Kristofferson song) `` Why Me '' is an American country and gospel song written and recorded by American country music singer and songwriter Kris Kristofferson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7dad7dfe6a64d6041daf4f81cc5e5ff", "text": "The Essential Johnny Cash (2002 album) The Essential Johnny Cash is a double-compact disc compilation by Johnny Cash released as part of Sony BMG 's Essential series . It was compiled to commemorate Cash 's 70th birthday . It is not to be confused with the three-CD box set of the same name released by Columbia Records in 1992 . The double album concentrates mainly on Cash 's first 15 years as a recording artist with Sun Records and Columbia , contains only eight post-1970 selections , and no selections from Cash 's work with Rick Rubin for American Recordings : Cash 's final hit single , a cover of Nine Inch Nails ' `` Hurt '' , was released ten months later . The album was certified Gold and Platinum on February 5 , 2005 and was certified 2 & 3 x Platinum on March 3 , 2016 for sales of 1,500,000 copies by the RIAA . It has sold 1,724,200 copies in the US as of April 2017 . Amongst the 36 tracks on the compilation are two songs that feature Cash prominently but never appeared on any of his albums : `` Girl from the North Country '' from Bob Dylan 's 1969 album Nashville Skyline , and `` The Wanderer '' from U2 's 1993 album Zooropa . As a testimony to Cash 's wide sphere of influence on country , rock , and other modern musics and his wide fan base , the liner notes feature testimonials and 70th birthday greetings from a wide array of artists - not only from friends and fellow travelers and collaborators like Willie Nelson , Kris Kristofferson , Tom Petty , ex-stepson-in-law Nick Lowe , and wife June Carter Cash , but from the likes of Keith Richards , Elvis Costello , Corey Taylor and Shawn Crahan of Slipknot , Metallica 's Kirk Hammett , and Henry Rollins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86d618c06915751db59481a2805af0d5", "text": "Brent Maher Brent Maher is a producer , engineer , and songwriter currently residing in Nashville , Tennessee . He has produced and engineered six Grammy-winning records and received awards from the CMA , ACM , CCMA , ASCAP , SOCAN and NSAI . He is credited with discovering and developing country duo , The Judds , and subsequently produced all ten of their albums , writing many of their hit songs . Maher is also the CEO of Moraine Music Group and has served two terms on the Board of Directors of the Academy of Country Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "706dfd1d597ab227e95e65cf29c4dc45", "text": "Hearts & Flowers Hearts & Flowers was a Los Angeles folk rock club band , perhaps most significant as one of the groups that launched the career of Eagles ' founding member and guitarist-songwriter , Bernie Leadon . The lineup included Larry Murray ( vocals , guitar ) , Dave Dawson ( vocals , guitar , autoharp ) , and Rick Cunha ( vocals , guitar ) . The individual members met at the ongoing Monday night jam sessions being held at The Troubador over which Murray presided . Cunha and Dawson , who played in a duo , were newcomers as recent transplants to the area from Hawaii . After a few informal picking sessions , the trio gelled and started performing . `` We had a unique sound , a very strange sound , particularly because we found what we did best was old , traditional , country hillbilly music , Murray told John Einarson . `` That became the core of what we did , the three of us , and we took it from there . '' The group 's sound was described as `` Merle Haggard-meets-Sgt . Pepper '' as a result of the wide-ranging influences each member brought to Hearts & Flowers . This included the aforementioned Haggard , plus Buck Owens , The Louvin and Everly brothers , The Country Gentlemen , The Beatles , and Bob Dylan . With such unorthodox influences -- plus the fact that the band featured autoharp -- , the group was torn about the direction it wanted to take . `` Had it been up to us , we would have gone way country , '' said Cunha . `` We wanted it to be commercial and fit into the pop market , but left to our own devices it would have been even more country . Production changed what we would have done . '' Meanwhile , Hearts & Flowers was influencing local musicians who heard them in various folk clubs around the Los Angeles area . This included several people who would later be credited with developing the then-germinating Southern California country-rock sound . Jim Messina ( Buffalo Springfield , Poco , Loggins and Messina ) says , `` Those three guys were probably the closest thing to what we were all flowing into . They were the cutting edge of where the rest of us were going . They were the black that did n't quite have the edge sharped on it yet . I got my first Telecaster from Rick Cunha . '' The group signed a deal with Capitol Records ' Folk World label in December 1966 . Once in the studio , the trio was filled out with studio musicians and steered into a more folk direction . On the road , the group would be augmented with an ever-changing series of musicians including Terry Paul ( Kris Kristofferson ) , Pete Carr ( The Hour Glass ) , and Karen Carpenter ( The Carpenters ) . Tensions over the direction of the group eventually came to a head . Cunha left the group in Fall 1967 to write country music and produce . Leadon replaced Cunha for the second album in 1968 . Leadon was well known to Murray as they had played in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers , a San Diego bluegrass group responsible for launching both those members ' careers as well as those of Chris Hillman ( The Byrds , The Flying Burrito Brothers , Manassas ) and Kenny Wertz ( The Flying Burrito Brothers , Country Gazette ) . Among venues they played during the mid-1960s , were Los Angeles clubs Ledbetter 's , Doug Weston 's Troubadour , The Whisky-a-Go-Go , and the Ash Grove , primarily as an opening act . Some of the groups with whom they shared a bill included The Doors , Bill Monroe , The Buffalo Springfield , and Blue Cheer . After recording two albums without major success , the group disbanded in 1968 . Murray claims the group was `` in a rut '' and each member was working with other , different musicians . `` But for a simple twist of fate , we could have been huge . We had what it took , we had a lot of charisma , the personality of the group was amazing . But I do n't think we were focused business-wise . We tended to go with losers , because they were less high-pressure , and we dodged the real pressure people whose asses we should have been kissing . But you do what you do . Everything we did seemed like a good idea at the time . '' The timing of the break-up could n't have been worse . It was just prior to the release of the seminal country-rock album by The Byrds , Sweetheart of the Rodeo , and the subsequent formation of The Flying Burrito Brothers , both of which are credited with popularizing the genre .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "404b05cb3367df631cc9720b74a50d45", "text": "Red Velvet (band) Red Velvet ( Hangul : 레드벨벳 ) is a South Korean girl group formed by S.M. Entertainment . The group debuted on August 1 , 2014 , with their digital single `` Happiness '' and with four members : Irene , Seulgi , Wendy and Joy . In March 2015 , fifth member Yeri was added to the group . Since their debut , Red Velvet has experienced notable success and recognition . Their first EP , Ice Cream Cake which was released in March 2015 , topped the Gaon Album Chart on the 12th week of 2015 and in September 2015 , the group 's first full-length album , The Red , also topped the Gaon Album Chart and the Billboard World Albums Chart . Red Velvet has received several music awards , including two awards for choreography ; Best Dance -- Female and Best Dance Performance -- Female Group , as well as three new artist awards and multiple popularity awards . Red Velvet members have also made television appearances ; Irene as a host of Music Bank , Yeri as a host of Show ! Music Core , and Joy on the fourth season of variety show We Got Married .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68aaeafba65382af394403af61664a32", "text": "Girl group A girl group is a music act featuring several female singers who generally harmonize together . The term `` girl group '' is also used in a narrower sense in the United States to denote the wave of American female pop music singing groups , many of whom were influenced by doo-wop , and which flourished in the late 1950s and early 1960s between the decline of early rock and roll and start of the British Invasion . All-female bands , in which members also play instruments , are usually considered a separate phenomenon . These groups are sometimes called `` girl bands '' to differentiate , although this terminology is not universally followed . With the advent of the music industry and radio broadcasting , a number of girl groups emerged , such as the Andrews Sisters . The late 1950s saw the emergence of all-female singing groups as a major force , with 750 distinct girl groups releasing songs that reached US and UK music charts from 1960 to 1966 . The Supremes alone held 12 number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 during the height of the wave and throughout most of the British Invasion rivaled the Beatles in popularity . In later eras , the girl group template would be applied to disco , contemporary R&B , and country-based formats , as well as pop . A more globalized music industry saw the extreme popularity of dance-oriented pop music led by major record labels . This emergence , led by the US , UK , South Korea , and Japan , produced extremely popular acts , with eight groups debuting after 1990 having sold more than 15 million physical copies of their albums . Also , since the late 2000s , South Korea has had a significant impact , with 8 of the top 10 girl groups by digital sales in the world originating there .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0b1a495c24df00a0f2ba3458dc8dbf5", "text": "The Miami Horns The Miami Horns are an American horn section best known for touring and recording with Southside Johnny , Bruce Springsteen , Little Steven and The Max Weinberg 7 . They have also toured , performed or recorded with , among others , Diana Ross , Gary U.S. Bonds , Robert Cray , Bon Jovi , Cissy Houston , Joe Cocker , Dave Edmunds , Darlene Love , The Allman Brothers Band , Eric Clapton , Sheryl Crow and Ricky Martin . As individuals , the various members have also worked with the likes of Aerosmith , David Bowie , Duran Duran , Power Station , Graham Parker and They Might Be Giants . The Miami Horns were first put together in 1976 by Steve Van Zandt as part of Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes . The connection with the city of Miami is only tenuous . Van Zandt had acquired the nickname Miami , due to his dislike of winter , and consequently the horn section also became known by that name . On occasions they have also been billed as The Jukes ' Horns , La Bamba 's Mambomen , The U.S. Horns , The J.A.M. Horns , The Tunnel Of Love Horns , The Horns of Love and The Late Night Horns . The line-up is very much impromptu and seems to depend on who is available at the time . As a consequence it has varied in size from a duo to a big band . Not unlike The Drifters , many performers have come and gone , and even returned . However Richie `` La Bamba '' Rosenberg ( trombone ) , Mark Pender ( trumpet ) and Eddie Manion ( saxophone ) have been the most consistent members . Other notable players have included Stan Harrison , Chris Anderson , Joey Stann and Mario Cruz . In 1991 Rosenberg , Pender , Manion and Harrison recorded an eponymous album as La Bamba & The Hubcaps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0573da089a8ef9925aa3a5d71ae407fc", "text": "Black Velvet (whisky) Black Velvet Whisky is a Canadian whisky brand owned by Constellation Brands . It has a smooth taste and is known for its black labeling . Black Velvet was produced at Schenley Industries in Valleyfield , Quebec , Canada . Schenley 's Black Velvet DeLuxe was the only liquor available to submarine officers at Midway in World War II , where it was held in low regard and known as `` Schenley 's Black Death . '' Original owner Heublein was sold to Grand Metropolitan in 1987 . Grand Metropolitan and Guinness merged in 1997 to form Diageo . The distillery was sold by Diageo to Canandaigua Brands in 1999 . Originally called `` Black Label '' , the name was changed to `` Black Velvet '' at the suggestion , in the late 1940s , by the Master Distiller Jack Napier because he thought it had a velvety taste and smoothness . Black Velvet produces three expressions which are primarily sold on the export market to the United States : Black Velvet and Black Velvet Reserve , which is an older-aged product ( aged eight years ) , and Black Velvet Toasted Caramel ( introduced in 2012 ) . This brand is ranked number two in Canadian Whisky market share behind number one , Crown Royal . The first Black Velvet Lady , Patricia Victoria Miller , was introduced to the world in 1969 as an advertisement tool for Black Velvet . Since that time , such famous names as Christie Brinkley , Cybill Shepherd , Kim Alexis , Cheryl Tiegs , Micah Wylde , and Kelly Emberg have all been Black Velvet Ladies . In addition , actors Telly Savalas , Larry Hagman and George Burns as well as country singer Tanya Tucker have also appeared in the ads . The current Black Velvet Lady is Tami Donaldson , born and raised in Hollywood , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcdff987bcf0f12a891bc2bead2b7d11", "text": "Always (brand) Always is a brand of feminine hygiene products , including maxi pads , ultra thin pads , pantiliners , and feminine wipes , produced by Procter & Gamble . It was first introduced in the United States in test markets in the spring of 1983 , then nationally in May of 1984 . By the end of 1984 , Always had also been introduced internationally in United Kingdom , Canada , France , Germany , and Africa . According to Rising Tide : Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble , Always was Procter & Gamble 's `` first truly global brand . '' Always is sold under the name Whisper in Japan , Singapore , India , China , South Korea , Philippines , Thailand , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Vietnam , Malaysia , Australia , Cambodia , Mongolia , and Indonesia , under the name Lines in Italy , under the name Orkid in Turkey , and under the names Evax and Ausonia in Spain and Portugal . Marketing for the product includes the company 's BeingGirl website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439854f11e19388807af1432bec9156c", "text": "The Red Chord The Red Chord is an American band from Revere , Massachusetts , formed in 1999 . The group comprises vocalist Guy Kozowyk , guitarist/vocalist Mike `` Gunface '' McKenzie , bassist Greg Weeks and drummer Michael Justian . The band gained a fanbase with its 2002 debut album Fused Together in Revolving Doors . The second album , Clients , was released in 2005 and sold over 50,000 copies in the U.S. . They released their third album , Prey for Eyes in 2007 , which sold in between 4,000 and 5,000 copies and debuted at No. 198 on the Billboard 200 chart . Their latest album , 2009 's Fed Through the Teeth Machine , debuted at No. 180 on the Billboard 200 chart . The Red Chord has released four studio albums , having toured in North America , Europe , and Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6fc0dc80538dc25283f1209dece12a", "text": "Frank Sinatra with the Red Norvo Quintet: Live in Australia, 1959 With the Red Norvo Quintet : Live in Australia , 1959 is a live album by American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in 1959 but released in 1997 . These tapes were recorded during two stops on Sinatra 's brief Australian tour of 1959 , during which he was backed by the quintet of jazz vibraphonist Red Norvo . It is considered one of the wildest performances he has ever recorded , as he exhibits great freedom in his lyric choice , often switching and twisting entire phrases . For example , just as Sinatra begins `` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' , a woman in the audience screams . He responds between lyrics with `` Get your hand off that broad ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a486ee38b1124f6d8109c556924ac95", "text": "After Hours (The Velvet Underground song) `` After Hours '' is a 1969 song written by Lou Reed and originally performed by The Velvet Underground . It is the tenth and final track on their self-titled third album . It is one of few songs with lead vocals by drummer Maureen Tucker , as Lou Reed stated the song was `` so innocent and pure '' that he could not possibly sing it himself . Tucker 's vocals are accompanied by acoustic and bass guitar . The style of the lyrics and the music is somewhat reminiscent of Tin Pan Alley songs of the 1930s . The song was re-recorded by Maureen Tucker with instrumentation by The Changelings in 2002 . It was released on the single `` I 'm Sticking with You/After Hours '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635b1b2f9fc40f8b24eb77fc9b74a1aa", "text": "The Royal Guardsmen The Royal Guardsmen are an American rock band , best known for their 1966 hit single `` Snoopy vs. the Red Baron '' , `` The Return of The Red Baron '' and the Christmas follow up `` Snoopy 's Christmas '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b870d051f505ce0929d9033ca819d841", "text": "E.Y.C. (band) E.Y.C. ( also known as Express Yourself Clearly ) was an American pop/R & B group . Its members were Damon Butler , Dave Loeffler and Trey McKay Parker . E.Y.C. failed to find success in their home country , but became more popular abroad in the United Kingdom and Australia . They scored six Top 40 hits in the UK Singles Chart before disbanding . Controversy surrounded the release of their track `` Black Book '' ; which was released as a special edition CD featuring the names of all the fans that had signed up to their mailing list encouraging them to purchase the CD . This resulted in the group scoring their biggest hit when the track peaked at Number 13 in the UK chart . They also appeared on the Childliners single , The Gift Of Christmas , alongside acts such as Backstreet Boys , Boyzone , MN8 , Sean Maguire , Deuce , Ultimate Kaos , Let Loose , East 17 , Peter Andre , Michelle Gayle and Dannii Minogue . Robbie Williams & Gary Barlow & Jason Orange & Howard Donland & Mark Owen & Kylie Minogue & Alexa Chung & Alex Zane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d044f75d7c7b0584269554878ecc29", "text": "Legs Diamond (band) Legs Diamond is an American rock band that has often been called `` The American Deep Purple '' . They formed in Los Angeles , California starting with Michael `` Diamond '' Gargano ( bass ) and Jeff Poole ( drums ) . The group released their self-titled debut album for Mercury Records in 1977 . The original band broke up in 1980 after three popular albums , but reformed in 1984 after their original albums had begun to acquire a cult following . The new lineup released several more albums and continued to perform throughout the 1990s and 2000s . In 2005 , original frontman Rick Sanford was replaced by ex-Montrose and Wild Horses vocalist John Levesque , and the band released their latest album , `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , in 2006 . Original members include Roger Romeo ( guitar ) , Michael Prince ( keyboards/rhythm guitar ) , and Jeff Poole ( percussion ) . The band still does the occasional gig in the Los Angeles area and at least once a year in San Antonio , TX where they are still hugely popular , the result of being a favorite of influential disc jockey Joe `` the Godfather '' Anthony ( 1940-1992 ) . Keyboardist Michael Prince is active in studio recording , in Los Angeles , working with some better known R+B and Pop Acts , including Beyoncé , Chris Brown , Usher , Los Lobos and Michael Jackson . Guitarist Roger Romeo is also currently working in a new band called the Funkin Maniacs . Power drummer Jon Hyde ( Detective ) and NS Stick and bassist Gary Jibilian round out the trio . They are recording a new CD slated for release early 2012 . As of 2011 , the band was working on their 12th CD due to be available within the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f406a9a8b9c9ee15061cbe00096651e", "text": "Concerto delle donne The concerto delle donne ( lit . consort of ladies ) was a group of professional female singers in the late Renaissance court of Ferrara , Italy , renowned for their technical and artistic virtuosity . The ensemble was founded by Alfonso II , Duke of Ferrara , in 1580 and was active until the court was dissolved in 1597 . Giacomo Vincenti , a music publisher , praised the women as `` virtuose giovani '' ( young virtuosas ) , echoing the sentiments of contemporaneous diarists and commentators . The origins of the ensemble lay in an amateur group of high-placed courtiers who performed for each other within the context of the Duke 's informal musica secreta in the 1570s . The ensemble evolved into an all-female group of professional musicians , the concerto delle donne , who performed formal concerts for members of the inner circle of the court and important visitors . Their signature style of florid , highly ornamented singing brought prestige to Ferrara and inspired composers of the time . The concerto delle donne revolutionized the role of women in professional music , and continued the tradition of the Este court as a musical center . Word of the ladies ' ensemble spread across Italy , inspiring imitations in the powerful courts of the Medici and Orsini . The founding of the concerto delle donne was the most important event in secular Italian music in the late sixteenth century ; the musical innovations established in the court were important in the development of the madrigal , and eventually the seconda pratica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49903c4915e45b2b0e814816304911ec", "text": "The Humans (band) The Humans are a rock band featuring singer Toyah Willcox , former REM drummer Bill Rieflin and musician Chris Wong . The band have released three studio albums , We Are The Humans , Sugar Rush and Strange Tales , and have performed live in the UK , Estonia and the USA . The Humans were formed in 2007 when musician Robert Fripp , who is married to Toyah Willcox , was invited to play a short tour in Estonia . Fripp decided to decline the invitation because he was retired . Willcox then contacted the Estonian Embassy , who had issued the invitation , and offered to put an act together for the tour . On acceptance by the Embassy , Willcox then contacted friend and former R.E.M musician , Bill Rieflin and suggested a collaboration and to '' ... do something that is just completely off the wall -LSB- with -RSB- just one bass and a voice '' . Rieflin and Willcox hired musician and musical director Chris Wong , who had previously worked with Willcox on her solo music tours and concerts , and The Humans three-piece outfit was complete . The band released their debut album We are the Humans on 1 May 2009 . The release was celebrated with a concert at the Tartu Music Festival , where the band was joined by Fripp on guitar . The Humans released their second album Sugar Rush on 27 September 2011 . A third , digital-only , album entitled Strange Tales was released worldwide in March 2014 . A UK tour , Telling Strange Tales , is scheduled for April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f1b96398d896062a9ef31f86d1699f4", "text": "Sexual field A sexual field is an arena of social life whereby individuals seek intimate partners and vie for sexual status . Sexual fields emerge `` when a subset of actors with potential romantic or sexual interest orient themselves toward one another according to a logic of desirability imminent to their collective relations and -LSB- wherein -RSB- this logic produces , to greater and lesser degrees , a system of stratification '' ( Green 2014:27 ) . The term builds on Pierre Bourdieu 's ( 1980 ) concept of field and has been defined as a `` set of interlocking institutions '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) and an `` institutionalized matrix of relations '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 ) that confers status upon sexual actors based on individual variation in sexual capital . Relative to those with a sexual capital deficit , actors in possession of sexual capital reap the rewards of the sexual field -- including the ability to select desired sexual partners and the acquisition of social significance . Sexual fields are themselves distinguished by distinct `` currencies of erotic capital '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) , the latter which are quite variable , acquiring dominance in relation to the collective preferences of players . For example , Green ( 2005 , 2008 ) argues that the characteristics which confer sexual capital in one field may not in another . Thus , in a gay leather bar , a bearded , stocky white man in his late-thirties dressed in Levi 's jeans and a leather jacket will possess an optimal form of sexual capital , whereas the same man in a swanky Martini bar catering to a twenty-something , high-fashion , urban gay customer base will face a sexual capital deficit . This variation in power and status occurs because a gay leather bar and a gay Martini bar are physical sites organized by the logic of two distinct sexual fields with contrasting currencies of sexual capital ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) -- i.e. , distinct `` hegemonic systems of judgment '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) . For sociological theory , the study of the sexual field in the sexual fields framework offers a framework for analyzing how collective attributions of desire and desirability are shaped by the sexual field itself . That is , rather than see desire and desirability as a simple function of individual wants and judgments , the sexual fields framework suggests that such wants and judgments are the consequence of sexual social life . In this approach , the sexual field acts back on what we find desirable such that desires and desirability are regarded as field effects ( Green 2014 ) . To the extent that sexual stratification is related to but not isomorphic with the structure of alternative fields , so the study of sexual fields can not be subsumed to the study of an economic or political field , for example . Nevertheless , to the extent that race , class , gender , ethnicity , age and ability , among others , are organizing features of sexual status within a given sexual field , so the relationship of sexual fields to broader historical systems of stratification requires consideration ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 . 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "022cc5577bbc17601b34852b6db69977", "text": "Red Plastic Bag Stedson Wiltshire , better known by the sobriquet of Red Plastic Bag , RPB , or merely Bag , is a calypsonian from Barbados . He has won the Barbadian calypso monarch competition a record ten times . Hailing from the eastern , rural Barbadian parish of Saint Philip , RPB became one of few performers from that region in the island to become successful . He carries a large support group of fans that show up to cheer him on from Stand C when he performs against other calypsonians at Barbados National Stadium . Red Plastic Bag began performing in 1979 . He combined the sounds of reggae and soca , and has become one of the most popular performers in Barbados and throughout the Caribbean . His biggest hit , `` Ragga Ragga '' , has been recorded in seven different languages . As a result of the finals of Barbados ' Pic o ' de Crop Competition in August 2007 , RPB became the island 's calypso king for a record eight times , following a two-year hiatus , and pledged to defend his title in 2008 , where he came in second to Adrian Clarke , but came back in 2009 to win again . In 2011 RPB won the title of Sweet Soca Monarch with his song `` Once Upon A Wine '' , a commentary on how Caribbean music and dance has evolved over time . In 2012 , Red Plastic Bag won the Pic-o-de-Crop finals for the 10th time singing `` I Thank You Calypso '' , a tribute to his 30th year in the artform as well as `` The Royal Visit '' . In January 2015 RPB , along with fellow Barbados and St. Lucia stars Charles D. Lewis , Wayne `` Poonka '' Willock , Anderson `` Blood '' Armstrong , Lennon `` Blaze '' Prospere and Nicholas Brancker were invited to Berlin , Germany to participate in a cultural exchange project , receiving high accolades from both critics and the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d31e561d1484951bd8bb1de7db67be7", "text": "Red and Black Attack Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches . New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable . The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line . This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) . As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b856f52cf98ea3c2c6777c47ce7c66a", "text": "Piano bar A piano bar ( also known as a piano lounge ) consists of a piano or electronic keyboard played by a professional musician , located in a cocktail lounge , bar , hotel lobby , office building lobby , restaurant , or on a cruise ship . Usually the pianist receives a small salary plus tips in a jar or basket on or near the piano , especially from patrons requesting a song traditionally written on a beverage napkin . Some piano bars feature a baby grand or grand piano surrounded by stools for patrons ( or , somewhat humorously , an upright piano covered by a counter that makes it appear to be a grand piano ) . Others have a bar surrounding the piano or keyboard . Jimmy Durante started as a piano bar player , as did Billy Joel . Joel 's classic hit `` Piano Man '' is based on his experiences as a piano bar player . Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli also played in piano bars to pay for singing lessons . Theatre historian John Kenrick describes the piano bar as follows : A piano bar is a hybrid creature : part performance space , part living room , part cruise-a-thon , and part saloon . The bar is there to sell drinks , the pianist is there to perform , and the crowd is there to sing , listen , drink and socialize . All of this means that it 's impossible to predict what a given evening 's chemistry will be , even if most of the people on hand are regular customers ... . While every factor counts , the most important issue is the person at the piano . The pianist determines the type of music , the style of performance , and the general tone of the evening ... . The experienced piano bar player knows how to take genial control of most any situation and generally keep the party going . The American minimalist composer Terry Riley , who worked as a cocktail pianist when younger , later offered this `` religious '' view of the profession : Having worked for years as a lounge lizard , I was smitten with the insight that the cocktail pianist is signaled out to conduct his ritual of group urban chanting on the themes of love and existence -- a kind of medicine man at the ever-present altaric piano , surrounded by his boozy tribe sipping sacraments in the circle of our common misery . The Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs presents annually several awards , MAC Awards , for piano bar performers : Piano Bar Instrumentalist , Restaurant/Hotel Lounge Instrumentalist , Piano Bar/Restaurant Singing Entertainer -- male and female .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279b5c255281a11cf5d877cd93868749", "text": "Profondo Rosso (soundtrack) The soundtrack to the film Deep Red was mainly composed and performed by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin . Director Dario Argento had originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film , but he was unhappy with his output , deeming it `` awful '' . After failing to get Pink Floyd to write music for the film , Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin . In the final score , only three of Gaslini 's original themes were retained ; however , in the film 's original theatrical release , Gaslini was given full composer credit for the entire score , while Goblin were wrongly credited only as performers -LSB- i.e. `` Music by Giorgio Gaslini , performed by Goblin '' -RSB- . This was corrected in subsequent home video releases .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f38f41f41cd3e232a687b9a4ed12c196", "text": "50 First Dates 50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by George Wing . The film stars Adam Sandler as a lothario veterinarian and Drew Barrymore as an amnesiac , along with Rob Schneider , Sean Astin , Lusia Strus , Blake Clark , and Dan Aykroyd . Most of the film was shot on location in Oahu , Hawaii on the Windward side and the North Shore . Sandler and Barrymore won an MTV award . The fictitious memory impairment suffered by Barrymore 's character , Goldfield 's Syndrome , is similar to short term memory loss and anterograde amnesia . The 2014 Malayalam film Ormayundo Ee Mukham is inspired by 50 First Dates .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ee09b53272d0919160e72c5b1f781304", "text": "5x2 5x2 ( also Cinq fois deux ; Five Times Two ) is a 2004 French film directed by François Ozon , which uncovers the back story to the gradual disintegration of a middle class marriage by depicting five key moments in the relationship , but in reverse order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "596a541373afc7c29a73e40726a97b60", "text": "Open House (2004 film) Open House is a 2004 real estate musical film starring Hedy Burress , Ann Magnuson , Anthony Rapp , Sally Kellerman , Jenna Leigh Green and Kellie Martin , and directed by Dan Mirvish , a co-founder of the Slamdance Film Festival . It played on the film festival circuit in 2004 -- 05 and was released on DVD through Wellspring Media . All the actors sang live on set , rather than lip synching .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d4e55587c1fe55b149a2e5eee939aaf", "text": "First Date (musical) First Date is a musical with a book by Austin Winsberg and music and lyrics by Alan Zachary and Michael Weiner . Based around the concept of a blind date , the musical made its world premiere during 2012 at Seattle 's ACT Theatre in a 5th Avenue Theatre co-production and made its Broadway debut August 8 , 2013 at the Longacre Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6f5d2eb662d25a97bd3d447c46ab93", "text": "Crutch (film) Crutch is a 2004 autobiographical coming of age film written and directed by Rob Moretti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532e86792e6238411b4533d36f49d6cb", "text": "1950s The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 . By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s . Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16cec031b282a1a07a5cb897af533715", "text": "Hustle (2004 film) Hustle is a television film about baseball player Pete Rose , created by ESPN Films . It was first broadcast on September 25 , 2004 . The movie follows Rose as he gambled on Major League Baseball while managing the Cincinnati Reds , then was caught and banned from baseball for life . The title , Hustle , is a reference to both Rose 's gambling problem and his nickname , `` Charlie Hustle . '' The movie stars Tom Sizemore as Pete Rose and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564fdd007e25aebf8b04700b2adbd091", "text": "All My Life (2004 film) All My Life is 2004 Filipino romantic drama film starring Aga Muhlach and Kristine Hermosa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e1db7ef5ce481651b446c320687bfdd", "text": "Love Rules (film) Love Rules is a 2004 comedy film starring Joey Lawrence and Maggie Lawson , airing on ABC Family . On its premiere night , Love Rules opened up with 4.1 million viewers tuning in for its premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190741a409db6398cf676c812270236a", "text": "Paparazzi (2004 film) Paparazzi is a 2004 American action film directed by Paul Abascal , produced by actor Mel Gibson , and starring Cole Hauser . The film chronicles the life of a popular Hollywood film star in the aftermath of a car crash caused by four paparazzo tabloid photographers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be8ef247d83f3f3d1808560cac33d111", "text": "Primer (film) Primer is a 2004 American independent science fiction drama film about the accidental discovery of time travel . The film was written , directed , produced , edited and scored by Shane Carruth , who also stars . Primer is of note for its extremely low budget , experimental plot structure , philosophical implications , and complex technical dialogue , which Carruth , a college graduate with a degree in mathematics and a former engineer , chose not to simplify for the sake of the audience . The film collected the Grand Jury Prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , before securing a limited release in the United States , and has since gained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf066fac604b5da08cb5932d16ba1c8", "text": "Black Tie Nights Black Tie Nights was a softcore drama anthology series which aired on Cinemax in the United States from 2004 to 2005 . This anthology show revolved around the adventures of Olivia Hartley and Cooper Snow who ran Black Tie dating service . They were assisted by their geeky sidekick , Ryan Lundy . Each week they would encounter new or returning customers and try to play matchmaker . The first season had two main subplots that continued in each episode . The first was the budding romance between Ryan and Cooper . The second was Olivia getting over the loss of her husband and dating again . In the second season , the show was retooled . The anthology series was renamed Hollywood Sexcapades and the characters of Olivia and Cooper were said to be out of the country opening a new branch . Candi Hicks , a recurring customer in the first season , became the new employee of Black Tie dating service . She and Ryan ( who was no longer nerdish ) partnered to run the company , and the continuing subplot was the budding romance between these two characters . Each week they would continue to try to play matchmaker to that episode 's guest stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dbfde96a4e83cb698c922b3da4d1687", "text": "Adam and Evil (2004 film) Adam and Evil is a 2004 horror film directed by Andrew Van Slee about a group of teens who face a murderer while partying at a camping site . It stars Erica Cerra , James Clayton , and Jodie Graham . Filming began on April 30 , 2003 in Los Angeles and it was released on April 27 , 2004 . The film was released on DVD as Halloween Camp 2 : Scream If You Wan na Die Faster in the United Kingdom . Although there is no plot continuity , the UK name implies a sequel to the 2003 Bloody Murder 2 : Closing Camp , released as Halloween Camp in the UK . This in turn is a sequel to the 2000 slasher movie Bloody Murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dded8262bfac90f5397b656f1cb7ab3", "text": "Shall We Dance? (2004 film) Shall We Dance ? is a 2004 American film that is a remake of the award-winning 1996 Japanese film of the same name . The film made its US premiere at the Hawaii International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9d5194ad1b9c6050faca19ce42d10f7", "text": "The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the `` Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time '' according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by Sight & Sound and published in the journal 's September 2012 issue . They published the critics ' list , based on 846 critics , programmers , academics , and distributors , and the directors ' list , based on 358 directors and filmmakers . Sight & Sound , published by the British Film Institute , has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610f97eb5cbdd09e1e41e31c8e062de6", "text": "Blast (2004 film) Blast was a 2004 action comedy film directed by Anthony Hickox . It was written by Steven E. de Souza and starring Eddie Griffin , Vinnie Jones , Breckin Meyer , and Vivica A. Fox .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a2da86391adce6b85b580eac08611400", "text": "Kapil Sharma (comedian) Kapil Sharma ( real name Kapil Punj Singh ) ( born 2 April 1981 ) is an Indian stand-up comedian , television presenter , actor and producer . He hosted a television comedy show Comedy Nights with Kapil from June 2013 to January 2016 . Currently , he is hosting another comedy show on Sony Entertainment Television named The Kapil Sharma Show . He first appeared in the Forbes India Celebrity list in 2012 , ranked 96th . Ormax Media rated Sharma the most popular Indian television personality in April 2016 . Forbes India ranked him 27th on their Celebrity-100 list in 2015 . Forbes India ranked him at 7th position in terms of fame and at 11th position in terms of income on their Celebrity - 100 list in 2016 . He was awarded the CNN-IBN Indian of the Year 2013 , in the Entertainment category and was ranked third in the Most Admired Indian Personality List by The Economic Times in 2015 . Sharma was nominated for the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan by the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and was invited to the Rashtrapati Bhavan by President Pranab Mukherjee in September 2015 to acknowledge his contribution for the same .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "28441b87048dde44e7108738b258d248", "text": "Samban-Lei Sekpil Sambal-Lei Sekpil is the world 's tallest topiary . Created by Moirangthem Okendra Kumbi , it is modelled in the shape of a series of open umbrellas and spheres . Okendra started mending the Sambal-Lei in 1983 , originally planted by his sister in a small mustard oil can . Sambal-Lei is a flowering shrub use for fencing gardens in Manipur - Sambal means fencing and Lei means flower in Meitei language . Sekpil indicates the shape of the topiary and is derived from an ancient Meitei word for a decorative bamboo post with rounded structured cloths forming canopy in many stages . The sekpil , at present also called as `` Shattra '' is generally used in worship and festivals in Manipur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c3e127ba2adcb3b4c2ba728fdda361", "text": "Frog and Toad Frog and Toad are the main characters in a series of easy-reader children 's books , written and illustrated by Arnold Lobel ( who also wrote Mouse Soup ) . Each book contains five simple , often humorous , sometimes poignant , short stories chronicling the exploits of a frog and his friend , a toad . Some of their adventures include : attempting to fly a kite , cleaning Toad 's dirty house as opposed to waiting until `` Tomorrow , '' and figuring out the ethics of being `` Alone . '' Frog is taller with a green shade , and is more cheery and relaxed than Toad ; Toad is shorter and stout with a brown shade , and while just as caring and friendly as Frog , is also the more serious and uptight of the duo . In 2008 , three of Arnold Lobel 's uncolored , unpublished Frog and Toad books were discovered in an estate sale . They were consolidated into two books and colored by Lobel 's daughter Adrianne Lobel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e4197e37f98f1f11d957ad75157446", "text": "Frog & Friends Frog & Friends is a new animated TV series about Frog and his friends based on the work of Max Velthuijs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd0777e8c4455d5548b70057ab9640de", "text": "Vegas Valley leopard frog The Vegas Valley leopard frog ( Lithobates fisheri ) is a species of frog previously declared extinct . Once it occurred in the Las Vegas Valley , as well as Tule Springs , Clark County , southern Nevada , United States of America , at elevations between 370 and . It was believed to be the only frog endemic to the United States to have become extinct in modern times . A. Vanderhorst collected 10 specimens of this species at Tule Springs on January 13 , 1942 . These frogs were believed to be the last recorded specimens of the Vegas Valley leopard frog , and are now in the University of Michigan Museum of Comparative Zoology collection . The Vegas Valley leopard frog was considered extinct after extensive searches have failed to locate the species . In 2011 , a genetic analysis using DNA from preserved museum specimens of the Vegas Valley leopard frog revealed it is 100 % identical , genetically , to the northwestern Mogollon Rim populations of the Chiricahua leopard frog ( Lithobates chiricahuensis ) , which is extant but threatened . While it has been extirpated from the Las Vegas area , the frog is no longer considered extinct because it is the same species as the Chiricahua leopard frog . According to nomenclatural priority , the northwestern Mogollon Rim population of L. chiricahuensis , described in 1979 , is referable to the 1893-described , extinct population of the species , L. fisheri . L. chiricahuensis may remain a valid taxon for the southern and eastern range of the Chiricahua leopard frog . It appears then that there are two separate species within the fisheri/chiricahuensis complex - Lithobates fisheri , comprising the former Vegas Valley leopard frogs near Las Vegas and the Chiricahua leopard frogs from the Mogollon Rim , and Lithobates chiricahuensis , comprising the Chiricahua leopard frogs from the southern and eastern portions of the range in Arizona and New Mexico . The status of the Chiricahua leopard frogs in northern Mexico may be uncertain , and this may be yet another separate lineage . The fisheri/chiricahuensis complex has a close relationship with an unnamed leopard frog species called only `` Lithobates species 2 '' known from San Luis Potosí , Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "010b5bb7ea864ac9b7502bd2545ec62b", "text": "Kaloula indochinensis Kaloula indochinensis is a recently described species of frog in the family Microhylidae . It is found in Indochina , in southern Vietnam , eastern Cambodia , and southern to central Laos . Prior to its being described , it was confused with Kaloula baleata .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b804c2021b3dd4da7223263040e59b", "text": "Limnonectes khasianus Limnonectes khasianus is a species of frog in the Dicroglossidae family . It is endemic to Khasi Hills of India . Its natural habitats are rivers , freshwater marshes , and intermittent freshwater marshes . Its status is insufficiently known .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae28948ed541fc03a93c721aa1b3c3b", "text": "Hydrophylax bahuvistara Hydrophylax bahuvistara , wide-spread fungoid frog , is a colourful frog found widespread in peninsular India , distributed in Maharashtra , Karnataka , Goa and Madhya Pradesh . It is very similar to another species with which it overlaps partly in range , Hydrophylax malabaricus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16caec352a3bf709190cc0f1cf0b35df", "text": "Megophrys montana Megophrys montana ( Asian horned frog , horned frog , Asian spadefoot toad , Javan horned frog , Malayan leaf frog ) is a species of frog found in Java and possibly Sumatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83753ab84059a90ab77e93e0cfc33351", "text": "Micrixalus uttaraghati Micrixalus uttaraghati is a newly described species of frog in the Micrixalidae family . It is endemic to the Western Ghats , India . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1b7c117447298005f252600e4ccc4f5", "text": "Odorrana chloronota Odorrana chloronota ( chloronate huia frog or copper-cheeked frog ) is a species of frog in the Ranidae family that is found in Cambodia , China , Hong Kong , India , Laos , Myanmar , Thailand , Vietnam , and possibly Bangladesh and Nepal . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and rivers . It is not considered threatened by the IUCN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a62602ce280d60592d03c31e9487d41e", "text": "Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis is a common dicroglossid frog found in South Asia . It is known under numerous common names , including Indian skipper frog or skittering frog . They are often seen at the edge of bodies of water with their eyes above the water . They noisily move away from the shore when disturbed , giving them their common name . They are rarely seen outside water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a264cd4e4a3c8de2a04be1008a5b163", "text": "Kalophrynus bunguranus Kalophrynus bunguranus is a species of frog in the Microhylidae family . It is endemic to Indonesia . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2cb1e86f46612832e7b87e06ca98ff", "text": "Rhacophorus Rhacophorus is a genus of frogs in the shrub frog family ( Rhacophoridae ) which together with the related Hylidae makes up the true tree frogs . They live in India , Japan , Madagascar , Africa , and Southeast Asia . `` Amphibian Species of the World 5.6 '' lists 81 species . These frogs have long toes with strong webbing between them , enabling the animals to slow their fall to a glide , a form of arboreal locomotion known as ` parachuting ' . They are therefore among the anurans commonly known as `` flying frogs '' . The present genus is closely related to Polypedates , which in former times was often included in Rhacophorus . Even today , it is not fully resolved in which of these genera `` P. '' feae and the Chinese flying frog ( `` R. '' dennysi ) properly belong , and the supposedly new species `` P. pingbianensis '' has turned out to be the same as R. duboisi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cdd3d015f0740c37ef3bbc0754bbbf3", "text": "Governance of Kaziranga National Park Kaziranga National Park ( Assamese : কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান Kazirônga Rastriyô Uddyan , -LSB- kaziɹɔŋa ɹastɹijɔ udːjan -RSB- ) is an Indian national park and an UNESCO World Heritage Site situated in the Golaghat and Nagaon district of Assam , India . It is a tourist destination and conservation area particularly notable as a refuge for the endangered Indian one-horned rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis ) , hosting the largest population of wild Indian one-horned Rhinoceros in the world . The park contains significant stock of three other large herbivores -- the Asian Elephant , the Asiatic Water Buffalo and the eastern subspecies of the Swamp Deer . Kaziranga also has the highest density of tiger in the world and is declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006 . Kaziranga is recognized as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International for conservation of avifaunal species . Wildlife wing of Forest department , Government of Assam is mainly responsible for the administration and management of Kaziranga . However the Ministry of Environment and Forests , Government of India manages the park in the central level along with Chief Conservator of Forests ( Wildlife ) in the regional level . Kaziranga National Park receives funds from Central Government and State Government under various Plan and Non-Plan Budgets . Central Government provide fund for development of infrastructure and eco-development . The park also receives fund under the Project Elephant from the Central Government . The State Government funds the park for conservation of rhinos in Assam ( under R.C. Scheme ) , development and management of the park and control of poaching . Most of this funding is used in paying wages and salaries of the staff and in anti-poaching measures , only a little sum is left behind for the development of the park . In spite of the funding from the government the park faces shortage of fund . The park received a total of US$ 100,000 in 1997 and 1998 under Technical Co-operation for Security Reinforcement scheme from the World Heritage Fund . The park also receives minor monetary help from various national and international NGOs . There is a plan to generate fund by the money received from the tourist . Every year an Annual Plan of Operation is prepared based on which funding is done . The administrative headquarters of the park is at Bokakhat . The park is led by a Conservator level officer as its Director . A Divisional Forest Officer is the administrative chief executive of the park . There are two Assistant Conservator of Forests and four range forest officers heading park ranges at Ghorakati ( Burapahar Range ) , Baguri ( Baguri Range ) , Kohora ( Central Range ) and Agoratoli ( Eastern Range ) respectively . The park is further divided into beats ( headed by a forester ) and sub beats ( headed by forest guard ) for administrative purposes . There are three dirt tracks inside the park corresponding to the three forest ranges of the park for patrolling and to view wildlife by the tourists . The Central or Kaziranga range with Kohora as the entry point covers the Daglang and Foliomari area . Some part of this range is the Core Zone of the Tiger Reserve or a Strict Nature Reserve , where casual visitors are not permitted . The Western range has Baguri as the entry point and covers the Monabeel , Bimoli , Kanchanjuri areas . This range is preferred for seeing big game like rhinos and water buffaloes . The Eastern range with Agortoli as the entry point covers Sohola and Rangamatia . This is 30 km from Kohora and is preferred for birding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00efc0f71e0bb95d07a3812738e5abcf", "text": "Euphlyctis ghoshi Euphlyctis ghoshi ( Manipur frog , Ghosh 's frog ) is a species of frog found in Manipur , India . It is only known from its type locality in Khugairk Reserve Forest , Manipur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffcb9ab1fedf773d0ed2233ec3a135af", "text": "Rhacophorus maximus Rhacophorus maximus ( common names : Nepal flying frog , Günther 's tree frog , giant treefrog , and others ) is a species of frog in the Rhacophoridae family found in southwestern China ( Yunnan , Tibet ) , northeastern India , Nepal , western Thailand , and northern Vietnam , and possibly in Bangladesh . Rhacophorus maximus lives in lowland to submontane moist evergreen forests . It lays eggs in foam nests built above pools and ponds . Outside the breeding season it is arboreal and lives high in the canopy . It is not considered threatened by the IUCN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f87bcbed942a04ca4ed6c3a57302ebe7", "text": "Fighter Toads Fighter Toads are fictional toads features in Raj Comics . Their individual names are Computerr , Masterr , Cuterr and Shooterr ( `` terr '' is the sound that toads make in Hindi comics ) . These were created by `` Dhananjaya '' , one of the friends of Super Commando Dhruva , another Raj Comics character . Inspired by the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , these characters became popular in their very first year . These comic books were produced in an oversized format at first , but have been reduced to normal size . Generally Anupam Sinha draws and writes Fighter Toads ' comic books but in between for some time cartoonist dilip chaubey also had taken the seat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ffca39ea58f54bdaec1dbfbb02ac6cd", "text": "Ropar Wetland Ropar Wetland , also named Ropar Lake , is a man-made freshwater riverine and lacustrine wetland . The area has at least 9 mammal , 154 bird ( migratory and local ) , 35 fish , 9 arthropod , 11 rotifer , 9 crustacean and 10 protozoan species , making it biologically diverse . This important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River , in the Punjab state of India , by building a head regulator to store and divert water for beneficial uses of irrigation , drinking and industrial water supply . The endangered turtle Chitra indica and the threatened snake Python molurus ( `` at lower risk '' ) , as per IUCN Red List , are reported to be resident in the wetland . Considering the wetland 's diverse and rich biodiversity , Ramsar Convention has included Ropar Wetland ( listed as Ropar Lake ) as one of the Ramsar sites among the 26 sites listed under India , for `` the conservation of global biological diversity and for sustaining human life through the ecological and hydrological functions they perform . '' The wetland is a popular tourist attraction for bird watching and boating . A tourism complex called the ` Pinccasia ' is located within the wetland boundary , which is run by the Punjab Tourism Development Corporation . A boat club is also functioning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a3b55c94f04920cdc455eac23724f6f", "text": "Microhyla pulchra Microhyla pulchra is a species of narrow-mouthed frog found in northeastern India , southern China , and Southeast Asia south to at least Thailand but possibly as far south as Malaysia and Singapore . It has many common names , including beautiful pygmy frog , Guangdong rice frog , and marbled pygmy frog . Microhyla pulchra is a common species in suitable habitat , but it is not often seen because it is cryptic and seasonal . It typically occurs near forest edges . It is eaten in Laos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f737c27a716953375c4adf35dc41f8c", "text": "Beck's tree frog Beck 's tree frog ( Litoria becki ) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae . It is endemic to Papua New Guinea . Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests , grasslands and streams . It was first described by the British biologist and herpetologist Arthur Loveridge in 1945 and is named in honour of the American ornithologist and explorer Rollo Beck who led the Whitney South Seas Expedition in the 1920s , collecting bird and other specimens from thousands of islands in the South Pacific .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "92bba07c6f5fd87f013025d18a22ab9e", "text": "Babe Ruth George Herman `` Babe '' Ruth Jr. ( February 6 , 1895 -- August 16 , 1948 ) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) spanned 22 seasons , from 1914 through 1935 . Nicknamed `` The Bambino '' and `` The Sultan of Swat '' , he began his MLB career as a stellar left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox , but achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder for the New York Yankees . Ruth established many MLB batting ( and some pitching ) records , including career home runs ( 714 ) , runs batted in ( RBIs ) ( 2,213 ) , bases on balls ( 2,062 ) , slugging percentage ( .6897 ) , and on-base plus slugging ( OPS ) ( 1.164 ) ; the latter two still stand today . Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time . In , Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its `` first five '' inaugural members . At age seven , Ruth was sent to St. Mary 's Industrial School for Boys , a reformatory where he learned life lessons and baseball skills from Brother Matthias Boutlier of the Christian Brothers , the school 's disciplinarian and a capable baseball player . In 1914 , Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox . By 1916 , he had built a reputation as an outstanding pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs , a feat unusual for any player in the pre-1920 dead-ball era . Although Ruth twice won 23 games in a season as a pitcher and was a member of three World Series championship teams with Boston , he wanted to play every day and was allowed to convert to an outfielder . With regular playing time , he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919 . After that season , Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy . The trade fueled Boston 's subsequent 86 year championship drought and popularized the `` Curse of the Bambino '' superstition . In his 15 years with New York , Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League ( AL ) championships and four World Series championships . His big swing led to escalating home run totals that not only drew fans to the ballpark and boosted the sport 's popularity but also helped usher in the live-ball era of baseball , in which it evolved from a low-scoring game of strategy to a sport where the home run was a major factor . As part of the Yankees ' vaunted `` Murderer 's Row '' lineup of 1927 , Ruth hit 60 home runs , extending his MLB single-season record . He retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves . During his career , Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times . Ruth 's legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties . During his career , he was the target of intense press and public attention for his baseball exploits and off-field penchants for drinking and womanizing . His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals and orphanages . After his retirement as a player , he was denied a managerial job in baseball , most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career . In his final years , Ruth made many public appearances , especially in support of American efforts in World War II . In 1946 , he became ill with cancer , and died two years later .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8f281c4388a9a772f526b4ab2aae2aea", "text": "Bobby Doerr Robert Pershing Doerr ( born April 7 , 1918 ) is a former Major League Baseball ( MLB ) second baseman and coach . He played his entire 14-year baseball career for the Boston Red Sox ( 1937 -- 51 ) . A nine-time all star , Doerr batted over .300 three times , drove in more than 100 runs six times , and set Red Sox team records in several statistical categories despite missing one season due to military service during World War II . Doerr is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame . After he retired as a player , Doerr served as a scout and a coach , including work with Carl Yastrzemski before his Triple Crown season . As of April 25 , 2017 , Doerr is the oldest living former major league player . He is also the last living person who played in the major leagues in the 1930s , and the oldest of only three living people who made their MLB debut before U.S. involvement in World War II , the other two being Chuck Stevens and Fred Caligiuri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ee374d69a84be8b80b6fbf45d64af4", "text": "Bill Abernathie William Edward `` Bill '' Abernathie ( January 30 , 1929 -- February 19 , 2006 ) was a professional baseball pitcher in the late 1940s and early 1950s . Abernathie played high school baseball at Colton High School in Colton , California , and after graduating was signed by the Cleveland Indians in 1948 . He began his professional career that year with the Tucson Cowboys of the Arizona -- Texas League . In 35 games , he had a 17-14 win-loss record and a 4.63 earned run average ( ERA ) in 239 innings pitched . In 1949 , he spent the year with Tucson , and had a 19-8 record , a 5.04 ERA and 252 innings pitched in 37 games . The following year , he was promoted to the Dayton Indians , and had a 13-8 record and a 3.54 ERA in 30 games . In 1951 , Abernathie spent the year with the Dallas Eagles , and had a 16-16 record and a 2.84 ERA in 37 games . After the season , the Indians purchased his contract and planned to have him compete for a roster spot in spring training . He did not win a roster spot during the spring , and spent 1952 with the Indianapolis Indians , and had an 11-9 record in 34 games for the team . After the season ended , he was promoted to the Indians roster . His only appearance came on September 28 in relief of Bob Chakales . He pitched the final two innings and allowed three runs , but got the save as the Indians won , 11-6 . Abernathie spent the following year with Indianapolis , and had a 4-9 record in 15 games . At the end of the 1953 season , Abernathie was traded to the Brooklyn Dodgers with cash for Rocky Nelson . After playing in one game for the Montreal Royals in 1954 , Abernathie joined the United States Marine Corps , and served until mid-1956 when he went back to playing baseball and joined the San Francisco Seals . He had a 2.63 ERA for the Seals in 36 games in 1956 , then had a 13-2 record and a 4.65 ERA the following year over 45 games . He then spent the 1958 season with the Memphis Chickasaws , the Houston Buffaloes , the Salt Lake City Bees , and the Minneapolis Millers , retiring at the end of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6371d5b513cf3b0b8d0801e9b6e6907", "text": "Lonny Frey Linus Reinhard Frey -LSB- Junior -RSB- ( August 23 , 1910 -- September 13 , 2009 ) was an infielder in Major League Baseball who played from through for the Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1933 -- 1936 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1937 , 1947 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1938 -- 1943 , 1946 ) , New York Yankees ( 1947 -- 1948 ) , and New York Giants ( 1948 ) . He was born in Saint Louis , Missouri . Frey began his career as a switch hitter and continued to bat from both sides of the plate until the end of 1938 . Starting in 1939 , he batted exclusively from the left side of the plate . He started at shortstop with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1933 and switched to second base after leading the National League in errors in 1935 ( 44 ) and 1936 ( 51 ) . Traded to the Chicago Cubs before the 1936 season he developed as a competent second baseman . Frey enjoyed his best years with the Cincinnati Reds , helping them to reach two consecutive World Series in 1939 and 1940 , after hitting .291 with 11 home runs and 95 runs ( 1939 ) and leading the National League with 22 stolen bases ( 1940 ) while scoring 102 runs . Five days before the 1940 World Series against Detroit , Frey injured his foot when he dropped the iron lid of the dugout water cooler on it . Eddie Joost replaced him at second base for the series . A three-time All-Star ( 1939 , 1941 , 1943 ) Frey also led the NL second basemen twice each in fielding percentage and double plays ( 1940 and 1943 ) . After missing two full seasons while serving in World War II , his career faded . In 1947 he divided his playing time between the Cubs and the New York Yankees , and he was a member of the Yankees team that won the 1947 World Series . He played his final game with the New York Giants in 1948 . In a 14-season career , Frey was a .269 hitter with 61 home runs , 549 RBI , 848 runs , 105 stolen bases , and a .359 on-base percentage in 1,535 games played . In 1961 Frey was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame , and in 1969 , as part of the franchise 's 100th anniversary , was selected the Reds all-time second baseman . Frey died in Coeur d'Alene , Idaho , at the age of 99 . At the time of his death , he was recognized as the second-oldest living major league ballplayer , the oldest living All-Star , and the last living player to play for all three New York baseball teams in the 1930s and 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd563a9f9de10af109ee221f51b1879", "text": "Rex Cecil Rex Ralston Cecil ( October 8 , 1916 -- October 30 , 1966 ) was an American professional baseball player . The right-handed pitcher , a native of Lindsay , Oklahoma , had a 14-year pro career , including 18 games pitched , 16 as a starter , in Major League Baseball for the Boston Red Sox ( 1944 -- 1945 ) . Cecil batted left-handed , stood 6 ft tall and weighed 195 lb . Cecil 's early pro career ( 1937 -- 1939 ; 1941 -- 1944 ) was based on the West Coast , especially in the Western International and Pacific Coast leagues . In , during the peak of the World War II manpower shortage , Cecil won 19 of 30 decisions , with a stellar 2.16 earned run average , for the PCL San Diego Padres and was acquired by the Red Sox . Making his Major League debut on August 13 , 1944 , in relief against the eventual American League champion St. Louis Browns at Fenway Park , Cecil threw four scoreless innings and earned the victory when Baseball Hall of Fame second baseman Bobby Doerr hit a walk-off home run in the 13th inning . He then threw successive complete games as a starting pitcher , against the Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians , and split two decisions . During his rookie campaign for Boston , Cecil won four games , lost five and compiled a 5.11 earned run average . In , Cecil began the year with the BoSox and was Boston 's Opening Day starting pitcher on April 17 against the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium . Cecil lasted 6 innings and allowed eight runs -- although only two were earned , as he was victimized by three errors by first baseman Catfish Metkovich and made one miscue himself . New York won the game , 8 -- 4 . He started six more games during April and May , but in his seven 1945 starts he lost five , won two , and again compiled a high earned run average , at 5.20 . He then was demoted to Boston 's top farm team , the Louisville Colonels of the American Association , and spent the rest of his pro career in the minors . In a two-season Major League career , Cecil posted a 6 -- 10 record with 63 strikeouts and a 5.18 ERA in 106 innings pitched , allowing 118 hits and 60 bases on balls . During his long minor league career , he won 161 games , including 21 games in his final pro season , 1953 , in the Class C Arizona -- Texas League . Rex Cecil died in Long Beach , California , at the age of 50 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbba5e735b988d5cb744929a30d519a7", "text": "World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) in North America , contested since 1903 between the American League ( AL ) champion team and the National League ( NL ) champion team . The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff , and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner 's Trophy . As the series is played in October ( and occasionally November ) , during the fall season in North America , it is often referred to as the Fall Classic . Prior to 1969 , the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series ; since then each league has conducted a championship series ( ALCS and NLCS ) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance . As of 2016 , the World Series has been contested 112 times , with the AL winning 64 and the NL winning 48 . The 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs . Seven games were played , with the Cubs victorious after game seven , played in Cleveland . The final score was 8 -- 7 ; the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6 -- 6 . This was the third World Series won by the Cubs , as well as their first title since 1908 , a period of 108 years . With the Cubs ' record long title drought finally ended , the Indians ' championship dry spell of 68 years and counting -- the Indians last won the Series in 1948 -- is currently the longest-running Series title absence . In the American League , the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27 , the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9 , and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8 , including the first World Series . In the National League , the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11 , the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8 , the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6 , and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5 . As of 2016 , no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in , , and -- the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5694ea9276e7eed9dc152faa00f8c75e", "text": "Benny Zientara Benedict Joseph Zientara ( February 14 , 1918 -- April 16 , 1985 ) was a professional baseball infielder . He played all or part of four seasons in Major League Baseball ( 1941 , 1946 -- 48 ) , playing mainly as a second baseman for the Cincinnati Reds . Listed at , 165 lb. , he batted and threw right-handed . A native of Chicago , Zientara was one of many major leaguers who saw his baseball career interrupted by a military stint during World War II . In parts of four seasons , he was a .254 hitter ( 230-for-906 ) with two home runs and 49 RBI in 278 games , including 106 runs , 29 doubles , five triples , and five stolen bases . In 1958 , Zientara was manager for the minor league team the Olean Oilers . The Oilers played their home games at Bradner Stadium located in Olean , New York . Zientara led the team in its last year affiliated with the Philadelphia Phillies and playing in the New York -- Pennsylvania League . Zientara took the Oilers on a wild season , landing them in the playoffs . The team lost in the first round . Zientara died in 1985 in Lake Elsinore , California , at the age of 67 . He was buried at the Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39448a656cbe89e3af6894bdfb03731a", "text": "Elias Sports Bureau The Elias Sports Bureau ( ESB ) is a company providing historical and current statistical information for sports , especially for major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . In 1913 , Al Munro Elias and his brother Walter established the Al Munro Elias Bureau in New York City . At first they sold printed scorecards with baseball data directly to fans , until The Telegram daily newspaper purchased their weekly compilation of `` averages '' in 1916 . Elias was appointed official statistician of the National League and International League in 1919 with the American League and other minor leagues to follow . In 1937 , the Elias brothers assumed publication of Charley White 's Record Book , the so-called Little Red Book , after the death of its originator . It became an official ( authorized ) source for major league records . In 1938 , the Bureau began producing the Pocket Cyclopedia of Major League Baseball , and for many years published the official Green Book , the National League 's annual summary . After the Elias brothers died in the 1940s , the company was managed by Lester Goodman . Seymour Siwoff , who had worked for the Elias brothers as a high school student before serving his country in World War II and earning the Purple Heart , returned to become the company 's accountant . In 1952 , after Lester Goodman 's sudden death , Seymour Siwoff purchased the company from the widows of the Elias brothers . The new company was renamed Elias Sports Bureau to better fulfill Siwoff 's vision of incorporating all professional sports , and Siwoff took the company into the computer age . Under Siwoff 's leadership for over 60 years and to the present , ESB has become the leading authority on sports statistics . Originally official statistician of Major League Baseball , Siwoff was able to add to this distinction the National Football League , the National Basketball Association , the National Hockey League , Major League Soccer , and the Arena Football League . More recently , ESB added pro-women 's basketball ( WNBA ) and pro-golf to its list of league clientele . ESB also is a primary source of statistics for national newspapers , magazines and websites , as well as dozens of broadcasters of MLB , NBA and NHL telecasts . With Sporting News having phased out its record book publishing business during 2007 , The Elias Book of Baseball Records appears to be the sole hard-copy source of official baseball records . This book is available only through the company website . Steve Hirdt , executive vice-president , added his skills as a sports writer . His first venture was writing for ESPN 's Page2 website for a brief time . Later , he moved to a column for ESPN The Magazine . The column is entitled `` Do the Math '' and focuses on sports statistics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c538d1371cc5778f2e5aaa04dfdf76f3", "text": "Bob Blaylock Robert Edward Blaylock ( born June 28 , 1935 ) is an American former professional baseball player , a right-handed pitcher who played parts of two Major League Baseball seasons for the 1956 and 1959 St. Louis Cardinals . Blaylock batted right-handed , stood 6 ft tall and weighed 185 lb . Blaylock spent his entire , ten-year professional career in the Cardinal organization after signing with the club following his Muldrow , Oklahoma , high school graduation . A hard thrower who led the 1958 American Association in strikeouts , Blaylock lost two fingers on his left ( non-pitching ) hand after a farm accident in his youth . His first trial with the Cardinals came in after a hot start ( nine wins , four losses and an earned run average of 1.67 ) with the Rochester Red Wings of the International League . On July 22 , he made his Major League debut as a starting pitcher against the Brooklyn Dodgers at Busch Stadium ; he pitched five shutout innings against the defending world champions , but tired thereafter and surrendered five runs ( including home runs by Rube Walker and Duke Snider ) in 7 2/3 innings in a 5 -- 3 defeat . Wildness plagued Blaylock in his next start four days later against the Philadelphia Phillies , as he issued seven bases on balls in four innings pitched and was lifted with none out in the fifth frame . All told , Blaylock appeared in 14 games and 41 innings as a rookie ; while he struck out 39 batters , he walked 24 and gave up 45 hits . He dropped six of his seven decisions , with an earned run average of 6.37 . Blaylock spent the next three seasons in minor league baseball before he was recalled in September . Blaylock appeared in three games , all against the Chicago Cubs , one as a starter . He was more effective than in 1956 , but lost his only decision . As a Major Leaguer , he appeared in 17 games and 50 innings , and yielded 53 hits and 27 bases on balls , with 42 strikeouts . His minor league career ended after the 1962 season , his fourth consecutive season with the Redbirds ' Double-A Tulsa Oilers affiliate in Blaylock 's home state of Oklahoma . Bob Blaylock was one of three men with the same surname who played in the National League during the 1950s . Marv was a first baseman , mostly for the Phillies , who walked twice and grounded out against Bob Blaylock in his July 26 , 1956 , start . Gary Blaylock was also a right-handed pitcher for the Cardinals and an occasional teammate of Bob 's . The Blaylocks were not related .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9bd6674ff070d11b1012fe9b0d6104d", "text": "1956 Major League Baseball season The 1956 Major League Baseball season was contested from April to October 1956 , featuring eight teams in the National League and eight teams in the American League . The 1956 World Series was a rematch of the previous year 's series between the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers . The series is notable for Yankees pitcher Don Larsen 's perfect game in Game 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d42daafed133c58aea436bd74f59e2a", "text": "Gene Mauch Gene William Mauch ( November 18 , 1925 -- August 8 , 2005 ) was an American professional baseball player and manager . He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1944 , 1948 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1947 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1948 -- 49 ) , Boston Braves ( 1950 -- 51 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1952 ) and the Boston Red Sox ( 1956 -- 57 ) . Mauch was best known for managing four teams from 1960 to 1987 . He is by far the winningest manager to have never won a league pennant ( breaking the record formerly held by Jimmy Dykes ) , three times coming within a single victory . He managed the Philadelphia Phillies ( 1960 -- 68 ) , Montreal Expos ( 1969 -- 75 , as their inaugural manager ) , Minnesota Twins ( 1976 -- 80 ) , and California Angels ( 1981 -- 82 , 1985 -- 87 ) . His 1,902 career victories ranked 8th in major league history when he retired , and his 3,942 total games ranked 4th . He gained a reputation for playing a distinctive `` small ball '' style , which emphasized defense , speed and base-to-base tactics on offense rather than power hitting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91111f1e4f96b35a18ed6b7aca3794cd", "text": "Doc Gautreau Walter Paul `` Doc '' Gautreau ( July 26 , 1901 -- August 23 , 1970 ) was an American professional baseball player , manager and scout . The native of Cambridge , Massachusetts , was a second baseman during his playing days . Also nicknamed `` Punk '' , he stood a diminutive 5 ft tall and weighed 129 lb , and threw and batted right-handed . Gautreau attended The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester , Massachusetts , and the Crusaders went 92-8-1 during his tenure as the team 's second baseman . He played his first year of professional baseball in , making his debut in the Major Leagues that June as a member of the Philadelphia Athletics . After four games played and seven hitless at bats , his contract was sold to the Boston Braves of the National League in July . Gautreau 's batting then picked up , as he hit .267 for the Braves that season , and won a job as a part-time player in and . His tenure with the Braves was curtailed , however , when Boston obtained future Baseball Hall of Fame second baseman Rogers Hornsby for the 1928 campaign . Gautreau spent most of that season in the Class A Eastern League and made his final Major League appearance at the end of September . All told , he appeared in 261 games over four big-league seasons ( 1925 -- 1928 ) , and batted .257 with 207 hits and 40 stolen bases . After leaving the Majors , Gautreau became a regular with the Montreal Royals of the International League , playing with them for five seasons , including two as playing manager . After his career in uniform , he scouted for the Braves in both Boston and Milwaukee , as well as with the Los Angeles/California Angels . He died in Salt Lake City , Utah , at age 69 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16c715d3039f501a406b713b2bdbb4b6", "text": "List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders In baseball , a home run is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle all the bases ending at home plate , scoring himself and each runner who was already on base , with no errors by the defensive team on the play . The feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence in fair territory without it first touching the ground , which results in an automatic home run . There is also the rarer inside-the-park home run , where the hitter circles the bases while the baseball is in play on the field . In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , a player in each league wins the home run title each season by hitting the most home runs that year . Only home runs hit in a particular league count towards that league 's seasonal lead . Mark McGwire , for example , hit 58 home runs in 1997 , more than any other player that year . However , McGwire was traded from the American League 's ( AL ) Oakland Athletics to the National League 's ( NL ) St. Louis Cardinals midway through the season and his individual AL and NL home run totals ( 34 and 24 , respectively ) did not lead either league . The first home run champion in the National League was George Hall ; in the league 's inaugural 1876 season , Hall hit five home runs for the short-lived National League Philadelphia Athletics . In 1901 , the American League was established and Hall of Fame second baseman Nap Lajoie led it with 14 home runs for the American League Philadelphia Athletics . Over the course of his 22-season career , Babe Ruth led the American League in home runs 12 times . Mike Schmidt and Ralph Kiner have the second and third most home run titles respectively , Schmidt with eight and Kiner with seven , all won in the National League . Kiner 's seven consecutive titles from 1946 to 1952 are also the most consecutive home run titles by any player . The most recent champions ( 2015 ) are Chris Davis with 47 home runs in the American League , and Nolan Arenado and Bryce Harper tied with 42 in the National League . Ruth set the Major League Baseball single-season home run record four times , first at 29 ( 1919 ) , then 54 ( 1920 ) , 59 ( 1921 ) , and finally 60 ( 1927 ) . Ruth 's 1920 and 1921 seasons are tied for the widest margin of victory for a home run champion as he topped the next highest total by 35 home runs in each season . The single season mark of 60 stood for over 30 years until Roger Maris hit 61 home runs in 1961 . Maris ' mark was in turn broken by both Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa during the 1998 home run record chase , with McGwire ultimately setting the mark at 70 . Barry Bonds , who also has the most career home runs , set the current single season record of 73 in 2001 . The 1998 and 2001 seasons each had 4 players hit 50 or more home runs -- Greg Vaughn , Ken Griffey , Jr. , Sosa , and McGwire in 1998 and Alex Rodriguez , Luis Gonzalez , Sosa , and Bonds in 2001 . A player has hit 50 or more home runs 42 times . Of these feats , 25 occurred since 1990 . The lowest home run total to ever lead a major league was four , a feat achieved in the NL by Lip Pike in 1877 and Paul Hines in 1878 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0673234aad020949e4ebb0dc8117be5f", "text": "Jimmy Ring James Joseph `` Jimmy '' Ring ( February 15 , 1895 , Brooklyn , New York -- July 6 , 1965 , Queens , New York ) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Cincinnati Reds ( 1917 -- 1920 ) , Philadelphia Phillies ( 1921 -- 1925 , 1928 ) , New York Giants ( 1926 ) and St. Louis Cardinals ( 1927 ) . Ring batted and threw right-handed . Ring was used sparingly by the Cincinnati Reds from 1917 to 1918 . He won 10 games in 1919 , and beat Ed Cicotte and the Chicago White Sox in Game Four of the World Series on a five-hit , 2 -- 0 shutout . He pitched again in Game Six , losing after allowing one run in five innings of relief . The next year he won 17 games , and was sent to the Philadelphia Phillies at the end of the season along with Greasy Neale in the same trade that brought Eppa Rixey to Cincinnati . From 1921 to 1925 Ring averaged 12.8 wins per season , with a career-high 18 wins in 1923 . Then , he was traded by the Phillies to the New York Giants before the 1927 season . After an 11 -- 10 mark with the Giants , he was sent to the St. Louis Cardinals along with Frankie Frisch in exchange for Rogers Hornsby . Ring failed to win a game for St. Louis in 1927 . He appeared in 13 games and had a 0 -- 4 record . In 1928 , his last major league season , he returned to the Phillies and had a 4 -- 17 mark in 35 appearances . In a 12-season career , Ring posted a 118 -- 149 record with 835 strikeouts and a 4.12 ERA in 2354-1/3 innings pitched . Jimmy Ring died in Queens , New York , aged 70 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d11486bb36e7094d63501118af9ed06", "text": "The Victory Season The Victory Season : The End of World War II and the Birth of Baseball 's Golden Age is a 2013 book written by Robert Weintraub whose previous work includes the New York Times best-seller The House That Ruth Built .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428298697ff99a4f1ff602aaecae1c13", "text": "Jay Porter J. W. `` Jay '' Porter ( born January 17 , 1933 , in Shawnee , Oklahoma ) is a former Major League Baseball player who played for the St. Louis Browns ( 1952 ) , Detroit Tigers ( 1955 -- 1957 ) , Cleveland Indians ( 1958 ) , Washington Senators ( 1959 ) , and St. Louis Cardinals ( 1959 ) . Porter played in 229 major league games , 91 as a catcher , 62 as an outfielder , 16 as a first baseman , and 3 at third base . He was a career .228 hitter who had his best season in 1957 when he hit .250 in 58 games for the Detroit Tigers . Porter was signed as an 18-year-old `` bonus baby '' in 1951 . Bobby Mattick was scouting Porter , when he noticed another prospect , Frank Robinson . Mattick wound up signing both Porter and Robinson , `` with Porter signing for a much higher bonus . '' John Eisenberg , `` From 33rd Street to Camden Yards '' ( McGraw-Hill 2001 ) , p. 161 . Despite the early promise , Porter played in only 33 games for the St. Louis Browns in 1952 . On December 4 , 1952 , Porter was traded by the Browns with Owen Friend and Bob Nieman to the Tigers for Virgil Trucks ( who threw two no-hitters in 1952 ) , Hal White , and Johnny Groth . Porter did not make it to the Tigers ' big league team until 1955 and played only 92 games for the Tigers from 1955 -- 1957 . Though he never became a starter in Detroit , he was selected by Sports Illustrated in October 2006 as one of the `` 10 Greatest Characters in Detroit Tigers History '' , along with Mark Fidrych , Norm Cash , Boots Poffenberger , and Herbie Redmond . Porter 's favorite meal was `` two dozen ( eggs ) over light '' , which he would eat all at once . This became a `` favorite meal '' when his teammates encouraged him to compete against the world 's champion for eating the most eggs in one sitting and Porter began his `` training . '' A date was set for the contest ; however , the current world champion failed to show . On February 18 , 1958 , the Tigers traded Porter to the Cleveland Indians with Hal Woodeshick for Jim Hegan and Hank Aguirre . Porter learned of the trade while driving to Spring Training . Porter drove from his home in Oregon , down the West Coast , stopping in Tucson , Arizona to visit friends in the Indians training camp . When he was an hour outside Lakeland , Porter heard on the car radio that he had been traded to the Indians , made a U-turn and headed back to Arizona . Van Dusen , Ewald & Hawkins , `` The Detroit Tigers Encyclopedia ( Sports Publishing 2003 ) , p. 94 . While playing for Cleveland , Porter had the task of catching for knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm . Porter was reportedly so baffled by Wilhelm 's knuckleball that he used a first baseman 's glove . After his playing career , he served as a minor league manager in the Montreal Expos organization ( including a stint with the West Palm Beach Expos in 1970 ) . Porter also managed the Montreal Expos ' entry in the 1969 Florida Instructional League . Porter is the youngest living former member of the St. Louis Browns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0ed9d9d8af3b790699bd6ab2fec53f7", "text": "Murderers' Row Murderers ' Row were the baseball teams of the New York Yankees in the late 1920s , widely considered one of the best teams in history . The nickname is in particular describing the first six hitters in the 1927 team lineup : Earle Combs , Mark Koenig , Babe Ruth , Lou Gehrig , Bob Meusel , and Tony Lazzeri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f103a30ced4fecb24b5cafe2e01d5f6", "text": "1990 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1990 season was their 23rd in Oakland , California . It was also the 90th season in franchise history . The team finished first in the American League West with a record of 103-59 . The Athletics ' 1990 campaign ranks among the organization 's finest . Oakland , in winning 103 games , led the league outright in wins for a third consecutive season ; they remained the last major North American team to accomplish this until 2017 , when the feat was matched by the nearby Golden State Warriors of the NBA . The Athletics benefited from stellar performances in all areas of the game . The team 's offense was led by eventual Hall-of-Famer Rickey Henderson . Henderson finished the season with 65 stolen bases , 28 home runs , and a .325 batting average ; for his efforts , he took home the 1990 American League MVP Award . The Athletics also benefited from strong performances by superstars Mark McGwire and Jose Canseco . The pair clubbed 39 and 37 home runs , respectively ; in doing so , they drove in a combined total of 209 runs . Over the course of the season , the team added to an already strong offense ; the additions of recent All-Stars Willie Randolph , Willie McGee , and Harold Baines further widened the gap between the Athletics and the rest of the league . Established veterans ( such as Carney Lansford , Terry Steinbach , Dave Henderson , and Mike Gallego ) and promising young players ( mainly Walt Weiss and Mike Bordick ) rounded out arguably the deepest roster in all of Major League Baseball . Eight of the Athletics ' nine main postseason starters ( R. Henderson , McGwire , Canseco , McGee , Steinbach , Randolph , Baines , and Lansford ) played in at least one All-Star Game between 1988 and 1990 . The Athletics pitching staff , in many regards , had an even stronger campaign . The starting rotation was led by veteran Bob Welch . Welch would finish the season with both an MLB-leading 27 wins and a 2.95 ERA ; this performance was strong enough to net the 1990 Cy Young Award . Welch , as of 2014 , remains the last MLB pitcher to win at least 25 games in a season . Fellow starter Dave Stewart , winner of 22 games , finished in a tie ( with Pittsburgh starter Doug Drabek ) for the second-most wins in MLB . 1989 All-Star Mike Moore , 1991 All-Star Scott Sanderson , and longtime Athletic Curt Young rounded out the American League 's top rotation . The Athletics ' bullpen was led by superstar closer Dennis Eckersley , who posted a microscopic 0.61 ERA while recording 48 saves . As a team , the Athletics allowed only 570 runs ( the fewest in the American League by a wide margin ) . The Athletics easily won the American League West for a third consecutive season . They swept the Boston Red Sox , four games to none , in that year 's American League Championship series ; in doing so , they won a third consecutive American League pennant . The Athletics entered the 1990 World Series as heavy favorites . Despite this , however , they were themselves swept by the Cincinnati Reds . The Athletics have not reached the World Series since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39b891ae8bee6526dee21e149b0cd551", "text": "Ruth Lessing Ruth Elizabeth Lessing -LSB- Tex -RSB- ( August 15 , 1925 -- October 26 , 2000 ) was a female catcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Listed at , 128 lb. , she batted and threw right-handed . Ruth Lessing has been considered as one of the best defensive catchers in All-American Girls Professional Baseball League history . Respected for her solid skills behind home plate , including a strong and accurate arm , Lessing also was renowned for her fiery and competitive spirit . She played over 100 games during four straight seasons , was selected to the All-Star Team three consecutive years , and set several all-time , single-season records before suffering a career-ending shoulder injury that forced her to retire prematurely . Known for her fiery demeanor , she was once fined $ 100 for punching an umpire after he made a call she disapproved . In response , a collection taken up by fanatics netted more than $ 2000 . She paid the fine and gave the rest of the money to charity . Lessing said she was not proud of what she had done and wrote the umpire a letter of apology . Both later became close friends . A native of San Antonio , Texas , Lessing was a standout athlete at Jefferson High School . She was spotted in the early 1940s by a scout from the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Then in 1944 , at the age of 18 , she graduated and immediately joined the Minneapolis Millerettes , an expansion AAGPBL team managed by former big leaguer Bubber Jonnard . In her rookie season Lessing shared catching duties with Pepper Paire . In 1944 Lessing hit a .177 batting average in 57 games for Minneapolis , scoring 13 runs while driving in 27 more . She posted a single-season , career-high with 22 stolen bases , and ten of her 35 hits were doubles . Playing their home games at Nicollet Park , the Millerettes could not compete with the local Minneapolis Millers . In addition , Minneapolis was far from the other five cities in the league , forcing the Millerettes spent most of the season on the road . As a result , the team finished last in both halves of the season with a compiled 45 -- 72 record , being replaced in 1945 by the Fort Wayne Daisies . Lessing became a regular with Fort Wayne in 1945 , appearing in 110 games and setting an all-time single season record for a catcher with a .982 fielding average . She also hit .123 with 32 runs and 21 RBI , while the Daisies , with Bill Wambsganss at the helm , had a strong season debut , going 62 -- 47 and finishing four and a half games behind first-place Rockford Peaches . During the playoffs , Fort Wayne disposed of the Racine Belles in the first round , three to one games , but struggled to Rockford in the final round , four-to-one . In 1946 Lessing joined the Grand Rapids Chicks , playing for them for the rest of her career . As a member of the Chicks , she solidified her position as one of the best backstops around . In her first year with the team , she led all catchers with 141 assists , which also is an all-time record . Besides this , Lessing improved her offensive numbers with a .215 average , 43 runs and 35 RBI , and was selected to the All-Star Team . Managed by Johnny Rawlings , Grand Rapids finished 71 -- 41 and advanced to the playoffs , only to be beaten by Rockford in the first round , three-to-two . Lessing became one of two hundred players to attend the first AAGPBL spring training outside the United States , which was held in 1947 in Cuba at the Gran Stadium de La Habana . With deliveries changing from underhand ( or , underarm ; compare pitching in softball ) to sidearm in that season , the work of Lessing behind the plate was an instrumental part of the success for the pitching staff . She caught splendidly , giving her pitchers confidence and stability by calling the game and instigating defensive plays on the field . Lessing also contributed with her bat , hitting .205 with 24 runs and 42 RBI in 111 games , while earning a second selection to the All-Star Team . The Chicks went 65 -- 47 and made the playoffs for the second consecutive year . In the first round , the team defeated the South Bend Blue Sox in five games , and won the Championship Title behind Mildred Earp , who pitched a 1 -- 0 shutout against the Belles in decisive Game 7 . In 1948 Lessing set another all-time record , appearing in 125 games behind the plate in the regular season . She also posted career-numbers in hits ( 86 ) , runs ( 43 ) and RBI ( 36 ) , while hitting a .206 average and making her third and last All-Star Team , helping the Chicks win the Eastern Section with a 77 -- 47 record . In the postseason , Grand Rapids defeated South Bend in five games but was swept by Fort Wayne in three games during the second round . Unfortunately , just 44 games into the 1949 season , Lessing suffered a career-ending shoulder injury . At the time , she was hitting .233 ( 28-for-120 ) with nine runs and nine RBI . Once her playing days were gone , Lessing returned to San Antonio , where she took a job at the Kelly Air Force Base . In 1991 , she served as a technical adviser for filmmaker Penny Marshall during the shooting of her film A League of Their Own , which brought many of the real players began to earn a rebirth of celebrity with the first season of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Lessing , like many AAGPBL players , were relatively unknown until the Marshall 's film was exhibited for the first time . After that , the AAGPBL Players Association reunions became formal annual events in 1998 . Ruth Lessing died of cancer in her homeland of San Antonio at the age of 75 . In 2006 , she was awarded a posthumous induction into the Texas Baseball Hall of Fame . She is also part of the AAGPBL permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown , New York , opened in , which is dedicated to the entire league rather than any individual player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4546832710fbf2b93ec91c47d0a357e0", "text": "List of St. Louis Cardinals no-hitters The St. Louis Cardinals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in St. Louis Missouri . They play in the National League Central division . Also known in their early years as the `` St. Louis Brown Stockings '' ( 1882 ) , `` St. Louis Browns '' ( 1883 -- 98 ) , and `` St. Louis Perfectos '' ( 1899 ) , pitchers for the Cardinals have thrown 10 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . A perfect game , a special subcategory of no-hitter , has yet to be thrown in Cardinals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . '' Ted Breitenstein threw the first no-hitter in Cardinals franchise history on his first major league start on October 4 , 1891 when the team was known as the `` St. Louis Browns '' ; the most recent no-hitter was thrown by Bud Smith on September 3 , 2001 . Two left-handed pitchers have thrown no-hitters in franchise history , while seven were by right-handers . Four no-hitters were thrown at home and six on the road , whilst all ten have been pitched against different opponents . The Cardinals have thrown one no-hitter in April , one in June , one in July , two in August , four in September , and one in October . The longest interval between no-hitters was between the games pitched by Breitenstein and Jesse Haines , encompassing 32 years , 9 months , and 13 days from October 4 , 1891 till August 17 , 1924 . Conversely , the shortest interval between no-hitters was between the games pitched by Jiménez and Smith , encompassing merely 2 years , 2 months , and 9 days from June 25 , 1999 till September 3 , 2001 . In none of their ten no-hitters did the Cardinals allow any runs via errors , walks , hit batters or uncaught third strikes . The most baserunners allowed in a no-hitter was by Ray Washburn ( in 1968 ) , who allowed five . Of the ten no-hitters , two have been won by a score of 2 -- 0 , 3 -- 0 , and 5 -- 0 , more common than any other results . The largest margin of victory in a no-hitter was an 11 -- 0 win by Bob Gibson in 1971 . The smallest margin of victory was a 1 -- 0 win by Jiménez in 2001 . The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter . Eight different umpires presided over each of the franchise 's ten no-hitters . The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager is to determine the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game . Managers choosing the right pitcher and right defensive lineup at a right game at a right place at a right time would contribute to a no-hitter . Eight different managers have led to the franchise 's ten no-hitters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ee60ef831aca895d8c30ca3b3cc671e", "text": "Curt Davis `` Curt Davis '' was also a pseudonym used by Jack Kirby . Curtis Benton Davis ( September 7 , 1903 -- October 12 , 1965 ) was a Major League Baseball pitcher . On October 2 , 1933 he was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies from the Pacific Coast League San Francisco Seals in the 1933 rule V draft . He played for the Phillies ( 1934 -- 36 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1935 -- 37 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1938 -- 40 ) , and Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1940 -- 46 ) . The right-hander was a native of Greenfield , Missouri . Even though Davis did n't pitch in the major leagues until he was 30 , he still managed to have a 13-season National League career . He had quite a list of accomplishments , including winning 19 games as a rookie , 22 wins in 1939 , eleven double-digit victory seasons , twice a NL All-Star , and pitching in the 1941 World Series . He had excellent control , leading the league in BB/9IP in 1938 and 1941 , and finishing in the top ten in that category ten times . Other top ten rankings for Davis include wins ( 4 times ) , winning percentage ( 4 times ) , ERA ( 4 times ) , H/9IP ( 3 times ) , WHIP ( 5 times ) , shutouts ( 5 times ) , saves ( 5 times ) , games finished ( 1 time ) , and oldest player ( 5 times ) . Career totals for 429 games pitched include a 158 -- 131 record , 281 games started , 141 complete games , 24 shutouts , 111 games finished , 33 saves , and an ERA of 3.42 in 2325 innings pitched . After pitching one game in the 1946 season ( April 28 ) , he was released by Brooklyn three days later . Davis died at the age of 62 in Covina , California .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4028a838752b7451cc230c95329095a8", "text": "Kato Kaelin Brian Gerard `` Kato '' Kaelin ( -LSB- ˈkeɪtoʊ_ˈkeɪlɪn -RSB- born March 9 , 1959 ) is an American radio and television personality who gained fame as a witness during the 1994 -- 95 murder trial of O. J. Simpson .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "46f0a2a1929389869a6f58fbed168334", "text": "Sunshine in the Courtroom Act The Sunshine in the Courtroom Act is a bill to allow the broadcasting of U.S. District Court and U.S. Court of Appeals proceedings . The name of the bill is an apparent reference to Louis Brandeis ' remark that `` sunshine is the best disinfectant '' for ill-doings . The proposed act relates to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 53 , which states , `` Except as otherwise provided by a statute or these rules , the court must not permit the taking of photographs in the courtroom during judicial proceedings or the broadcasting of judicial proceedings from the courtroom . '' The bill was introduced in 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , and 2009 . The 2009 bill was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee . The Senate version is S. 657 , and the House version is H.R. 3054 . In 2009 , the Judicial Council of the 9th Circuit expressed interest in televising certain proceedings . In Congressional testimony , Ted Poe stated : When I was Assistant District Attorney , I spent my career trying criminal cases , and based on my experiences , I actually feel the cameras in the courtroom benefit a defendant . A public trial ensures fairness . That is the purpose of a public trial . It ensures professionalism by the lawyers and the judge , and a camera in the courtroom protects the defendant 's right to a public trial . Poe also opined that lawyers play to the jury , not to the camera , and that jurors stated they liked the camera inside the courtroom because they wanted the public to know what they heard `` instead of waiting to hear a 30-second sound bite from a newscaster who may or may not have the facts correct . '' Judge John R. Tunheim opposed the bill , stating that it could deny some defendants a fair trial ; e.g. a defendant corporation might forgo its right to a trial because it does not want its president to be cross-examined on television . He also expressed concern that televising trials could increase the incidence of threats against federal judges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b7e94c83414f8acddb2c64a130e6608", "text": "Omega Trust Omega Trust was a fraudulent US investment scheme in Illinois . Clyde D. Hood is a former electrician from Mattoon , Illinois . In 1994 Hood formed Omega Trust and Trading Limited and began to lecture to church groups . He said that the Lord had given him a mission . He claimed that he was one of the international traders who could make secret multimillion-dollar deals to benefit humanitarian programs through debentures and `` prime bank notes '' in foreign banks . Hood asked for an investment of $ 100 and promised a payout of $ 5,100 within 275 days . He wanted the money delivered wrapped in aluminum foil and via Federal Express because U.S. federal government was trying to block the trades through the United States Postal Service . Therefore the scheme should remain secret . Thousands of people from USA and overseas sent money . The program stopped accepting new investors in 1995 . By that time , Hood had received more than $ 10 million . He began to present number of excuses as to why investors had not been paid , blaming administrative costs , problems with foreign banks and international financial conflicts . When some people still wanted to join , Hood and accomplices claimed that they could sell share units of people who had wanted to leave the program . The estimated total amount of money was $ 20 million . In addition , Hood began new investment schemes named Alpha and Destiny and obtained more money from those who had invested to Omega . With the money Hood and his associates bought land and businesses in Mattoon , gave no-interest loans and made trips to Europe . Some of the money also went to finance businesses of other Hood associates like construction contractor Chris Engel . Engel later cooperated with the police and let them tape a phone conversation with Hood . Hood lawyer Steve Ryan was also later removed from the case when he was subpoenaed as a witness and for possible collusion . Clyde Hood and his 18 associates were indicted in 2000 . Some of them pleaded guilty or were convicted of multiple counts of fraud , mail fraud , money laundering and filing a false tax return ( see ) . On April 10 , 2001 , Hood pleaded guilty to mail or wire fraud conspiracy , money laundering conspiracy , and filing a false tax return . On January 24 , 2002 Hood was sentenced to prison for 14 years and was fined $ 5,000 . Five of his associates were convicted of active participation of the scheme and were ordered to make restitution . Thirteen associates were convicted of money laundering . Three hundred fifty-five victims received restitution from forfeited Omega Trust funds to the total of $ 1,697,310.00 . The Omega Trust still lives on in the Internet as a supposed global poverty relief program ( see NESARA ) . Hood is imprisoned at the `` Federal Medical Center Devens , '' north of Worcester , Massachusetts , and was scheduled for release in November 2012 . Category : Fraud in the United States Category : Crimes in Illinois", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0c254f0591f2af497615024d197c618", "text": "Zama and Shibuya shootings The Zama and Shibuya shootings were the double spree shootings in Japan on July 29 , 1965 by , which left one police officer dead and 17 people injured , at the conclusion of which he was captured by police officers . Katagiri was later executed . Katagiri was born in Setagaya , Tokyo and reportedly loved guns . On July 29 , 1965 , he shot dead one policeman and injured another with a rifle in Zama , Kanagawa Prefecture . He stole a handgun and hijacked four cars . In Shibuya , Tokyo , he entered a gun shop near the Shibuya fire station and took four hostages , which resulted in a gun battle with the police . About 5,000 people , including Norio Nagayama , witnessed the gunfight , during which he injured 16 people . One hostage attacked him and police officers eventually captured him . Katagiri was sentenced to death and was executed on July 21 , 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e004343372bf498fc51e02875850ee", "text": "Heller v. New York Heller v. New York , was a United States Supreme Court decision which upheld that states could make laws limiting the distribution of obscene material , provided that these laws were consistent with the Miller test for obscene material established by the Supreme Court in Miller v. California , 413 U.S. 15 ( 1973 ) . Heller was initially convicted for showing a sexually explicit film in the movie theater which he owned , under New York Penal Law § 235.0 which stated that and individual `` is guilty of obscenity when , knowing its content and character , he 1 . Promotes , or possesses with intent to promote , any obscene material ; or 2 . Produces , presents or directs an obscene performance or participates in a portion thereof which is obscene or which contributes to its obscenity . '' Heller appealed this ruling to the supreme court , claiming that his first amendment rights had been violated due to the broad nature of New York 's obscenity laws . The defendant also claimed that his 14th amendment rights had been violated due to the fact the film was seized prior to him receiving a hearing of any kind . The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Heller in a 5-4 decision , with the majority decision delivered by Justice Burger . The Court found the procedure by which the film was seized to be constitutional , but ruled in favor of Heller in order to afford New York a chance to bring their obscenity laws in line with the guidelines established by the Supreme Court in Miller v. California . The Dissenting opinions were written by Justice Douglas as well as Justice Brennan , the latter of which was joined by Justice Stewart and Justice Marshall . These dissenting opinions argued that the obscenity laws that Heller was convicted under were themselves unconstitutional and thus the seizure of the film was unconstitutional . This case was one of several cases that the Burger court ruled on concerning obscenity laws in the early 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee53a4e55d6692ec2046aa33497d9d5", "text": "False light False light is a legal term that refers to a tort concerning privacy that is similar to the tort of defamation . The privacy laws in the United States include a non-public person 's right to protection from publicity which puts the person in a false light to the public . That right is balanced against the First Amendment right of free speech . False light differs from defamation primarily in being intended `` to protect the plaintiff 's mental or emotional well-being '' , rather than to protect a plaintiff 's reputation as is the case with the tort of defamation and in being about the impression created rather than being about veracity . If a publication of information is false , then a tort of defamation might have occurred . If that communication is not technically false but is still misleading , then a tort of false light might have occurred . False light privacy claims often arise under the same facts as defamation cases , and therefore not all states recognize false light actions . There is a subtle difference in the way courts view the legal theories -- false light cases are about damage to a person 's personal feelings or dignity , whereas defamation is about damage to a person 's reputation . The specific elements of the tort of false light vary considerably , even among those jurisdictions which do recognize this Tort . Generally , these elements consist of the following : A publication by the Defendant about the Plaintiff ; made with actual malice ( very similar to that type required by New York Times v. Sullivan in `` Defamation '' cases ) ; which places the Plaintiff in a false light ; AND that would be highly offensive ( i.e. , embarrassing to reasonable persons ) . Some U.S. state courts have ruled that false light lawsuits brought under their states ' laws must be rewritten as defamation lawsuits ; these courts generally base their opinion on the premises that a ) any publication or statement giving rise to a false-light claim will also give rise to a defamation claim , such that the set of statements creating false light is necessarily , although not by definition , entirely within the set of statements constituting defamation ; and b ) the standard of what would be `` highly offensive '' or `` embarrassing '' to a reasonable person is much more difficult to apply than is the state 's standard for defamation , such that the potential penalties for violating the former standard would have an unconstitutional or otherwise unacceptable chilling effect on the media . However , `` most states do allow false light claims to be brought , even where a defamation claim would suffice . '' Roughly two-thirds of states do not recognize the false light claim . The states that do recognize it will not allow a plaintiff to maintain suit for both false light and defamation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5837c49b11a439fb3860224beafdb976", "text": "Jared Lee Loughner Jared Lee Loughner ( -LSB- ˈlɒfnɚ -RSB- born September 10 , 1988 ) is an American mass murderer who pleaded guilty to 19 charges of murder and attempted murder in connection with the January 8 , 2011 Tucson shooting , in which he shot and severely injured U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords , his target , and killed six people , including Chief U.S. District Court Judge John Roll , as well as a nine-year-old bystander , Christina-Taylor Green . Loughner shot and injured a total of 13 people , while one man was injured while subduing him . Acquaintances said that Loughner 's personality had changed markedly in the years prior to the shooting , a period when he was also abusing alcohol and drugs . He had been suspended from Pima Community College in September 2010 because of his bizarre behavior and disruptions in classes and the library . After his arrest , two medical evaluations diagnosed him with paranoid schizophrenia and incompetent to stand trial . He was medicated while in jail as part of his treatment . He was again judged incompetent in May 2012 . In August 2012 , Loughner was judged competent to stand trial , and at the hearing , he pleaded guilty to 19 counts . In November 2012 , he was sentenced to life plus 140 years in federal prison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e29b0d55c8175659983ca627b2dc31", "text": "Albert Burstein Albert Burstein ( born November 22 , 1922 ) is an American Democratic Party politician , who served five terms in the New Jersey General Assembly , where he represented the 37th Legislative District . He served as Majority Leader of the Assembly . In June 2004 , Burstein was appointed to serve on the New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission . Burstein was born to Julius and Hannah Burstein on November 22 , 1922 in Jersey City , New Jersey , where he graduated from Henry Snyder High School . He went on to receive his undergraduate degree from Columbia College , Columbia University and his law degree from Columbia Law School . A resident of Tenafly , New Jersey , Burstein has been a partner in the law firm of Herten , Burstein , Sheridan , Cevasco , Bottinelli , Litt , & Harz , L.L.C. . He served as chair of the New Jersey State Commission of Investigation Review Committee , chair of the New Jersey Law Revision Commission , chair of the Bergen County IIB South District Ethics Committee as well as serving as a member of the New Jersey Law Journal editorial board . In the Assembly , Burstein sponsored legislation that included a major revision to New Jersey 's election law , as well as the Gubernatorial Public Financing Law of 1974 . Burstein served as chair of the Education Committee , and as a member of the Election Law Revision Committee , the Capital Budgeting and Planning Commission , and the Public Employees Relations Study Commission . In what The New York Times described as a `` surprising victory '' , Nicholas S. Mastorelli of Secaucus , New Jersey won the Democratic primary in June 1978 for the nomination to run for the house seat of Harold C. Hollenbeck in New Jersey 's 9th congressional district . While Burstein won in the Bergen County area , Mastorelli 's edge came from large margins in the Hudson County , New Jersey portion of the district . Burstein is the recipient of numerous awards from his more than 60-year career as a practicing attorney in N.J. , including `` Lawyer of the Year '' from the Committee on Professionalism in 1999 and the Daniel J. O'Hern Professional Award from the New Jersey Bar Association in 2006 . On Veterans Day , November 11 , 2010 , Burstein received the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor for his bravery on the battlefield as a soldier fighting the Germans on French territory during World War II . Burstein is also the recipient of the Bronze Star for his service in World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4eda387974c92051ae6cca4612c6d37a", "text": "Harmelin v. Michigan Harmelin v. Michigan , 501 U.S. 957 ( 1991 ) , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Court ruled that the Eighth Amendment 's Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause allowed a state to impose a life sentence without the possibility of parole for the possession of 672 grams of cocaine . The Court 's narrow ruling left a major question of Eighth Amendment law unresolved . Since the Court 's decision in Gregg v. Georgia , 428 U.S. 153 ( 1976 ) , the Court had incorporated a detailed proportionality analysis into the cruel and unusual punishment analysis required in capital cases . The defendant in Harmelin directly asked the Court to extend the reach of that analysis to noncapital cases such as his . Although five Justices agreed that Harmelin 's sentence was not unconstitutionally cruel and unusual , six Justices agreed that the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause bore some kind of proportionality analysis . Yet among those six , three supported a proportionality principle that is highly deferential to legislative judgments , while three others supported a more searching proportionality analysis that would have struck down Michigan 's mandatory life-without-parole sentence for possessing more than 650 grams of cocaine . The State of Michigan was represented by Richard Thompson and Michael Modelski . Thompson 's other credits include serving as a prosecutor of Dr. Jack Kevorkian . Various state attorneys general , as well as the United States Solicitor General , filed amicus curiae briefs on behalf of the State of Michigan . The Court-appointed counsel for Harmelin , the ACLU and a group of criminal defense attorneys filed briefs in support of the defendant 's position .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecf0efc250126c4bb86edc6b915c630b", "text": "Kenneth McGriff Kenneth `` Supreme '' McGriff ( born September 19 , 1960 ) is a convicted American drug trafficker and organized crime figure . McGriff came to prominence in the early 1980s when he formed his own crack distributing organization which he called the Supreme Team based in the South Jamaica section of Queens , New York . Under McGriff 's leadership , the gang 's numbers swelled to the hundreds and came to control the crack cocaine trade in the Baisley Park Houses , the neighborhood where McGriff was raised . In 1987 , McGriff was arrested following a joint state and federal investigation and in 1989 pleaded guilty to engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise . He was sentenced to 12 years incarceration . McGriff was released from prison on parole in early 1994 after serving approximately seven years of his sentence . He was sent back to prison on parole violations by year 's end , and served another 2 1/2 years ' incarceration before being released in 1997 . McGriff is alleged to have had a hand in the 2002 murder of Run D.M.C. member Jam Master Jay , and was convicted of ordering the 2001 killing of Mobb Deep affiliate E-Moneybags ( real name Eric Smith ) . Federal authorities also accused him in connection with the attempted murder of 50 Cent . Persistent rumors suggest that McGriff felt 50 Cent had exposed too much of the drug kingpin in Jamaica , Queens and others involved in the drug trade through the lyrics of his song `` Ghetto Qu ` ran '' released in 2000 . On February 1 , 2007 McGriff was convicted of murder-for-hire at a Federal court in the Eastern District of New York on charges that he paid $ 50,000 to have two rivals ( Eric Smith and `` Big Nose '' Troy Singleton ) gunned down in 2001 . The jury deliberated for five days before finding McGriff guilty of murder conspiracy and drug trafficking . On February 9 , 2007 , the same jury sentenced McGriff to life in prison . Throughout this case he was defended by a court-appointed attorney because nearly all of his assets had been seized . McGriff began serving his life sentence at ADX Florence , the federal supermax prison in Colorado , but in 2011 was transferred to the United States Penitentiary , Lee , a high-security federal prison in Pennington Gap , Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d50b109f62075a3f6ad48cd977474bf2", "text": "International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) The International Crimes Tribunal ( Bangladesh ) ( ICT of Bangladesh ) is a domestic war crimes tribunal in Bangladesh set up in 2009 to investigate and prosecute suspects for the genocide committed in 1971 by the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators , Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams during the Bangladesh Liberation War . During the 2008 general election , the Awami League ( AL ) pledged to establish the tribunals in response to long-standing calls for trying war criminals . The first indictments were issued in 2010 . However , the main perpetrators of the war crimes , the Pakistan soldiers , remained out of the reach of the courts . The government set up the tribunal after the Awami League won the general election in December 2008 with a more than two-thirds majority in parliament . The War Crimes Fact Finding Committee , tasked to investigate and find evidence , completed its report in 2008 , identifying 1,600 suspects . Prior to the formation of the ICT , the United Nations Development Programme offered assistance in 2009 on the tribunal 's formation . In 2009 , the parliament amended the 1973 act that authorised such a tribunal to update it . By 2012 , nine leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami , the largest Islamist party in the nation , and two of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party , had been indicted as suspects in war crimes . Three leaders of Jamaat were the first tried ; each were convicted of several charges of war crimes . The first person convicted was Abul Kalam Azad , tried in absentia as he had left the country ; he was sentenced to death in January 2013 . The ICT initially received some offers of international assistance . In 2009 , the UN offered its expertise , expressing an interest in helping Bangladesh avoid the problems other countries faced in similar trials . The EU has passed three resolutions supporting the trials and Jean Lambert has said `` she expected that the trial would conform to the highest standard possible . '' However , since the beginning of the trials several human rights organisations and international legal figures have raised objections to the court proceedings . Human Rights Watch , which initially supported the establishment of the tribunal , have criticised it for issues of fairness and transparency , as well as reported harassment of lawyers and witnesses representing the accused . Bianca Karim and Tirza Theunissen have written that the international community have voiced concerns that the trial will not be transparent or impartial . Jamaat-e-Islami supporters and their student wing , Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir , called a general strike nationwide on 4 December 2012 , which erupted in violence . The group demanded the tribunal be scrapped permanently and their leaders be released immediately . Annual public opinion polls regularly rank the war-crimes trials ranked among the top three `` positive steps that the government has taken '' , though the issue is not considered among the top ten most pressing issues facing the country . Polling in 2013 by AC Nielsen found that more than two-thirds of Bangladeshis characterise the ICT as `` unfair '' or `` very unfair '' , though 86 % support its implementation . In February 2013 , Abdul Quader Molla , Assistant Secretary General of Jamaat , was the first person sentenced to death by the ICT who was not convicted in absentia . Initially , Molla was sentenced to life imprisonment , but demonstrations , including the 2013 Shahbag protests in Dhaka , lead to a new punishment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e07ad861032ddd5fcf162017ec6ab0c", "text": "Pohl trial The Pohl trial against the Nazi German administration of the `` Final Solution '' ( also known as the WVHA Trial and officially The United States of America vs. Oswald Pohl , et al ) was the fourth of the twelve trials for war crimes that the United States authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II . The twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts , not before the International Military Tribunal , although both courts presided in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice . They are known collectively as the `` Subsequent Nuremberg Trials '' or more formally , as the `` Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals '' ( NMT ) . In the Pohl case , SS-Obergruppenführer Oswald Pohl and 17 other SS officers employed by the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office ( abbreviated in German as SS-WVHA ) , were tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the time of the Nazi regime . The main charge against them was their active involvement in and administration of the `` Final Solution '' . The WVHA was the Nazi government office that ran the concentration and extermination camps . It also handled the procurement for the Waffen SS and , as of 1942 , the administration of the SS-Totenkopfverbände . The judges in this case , heard before Military Tribunal II , were Robert M. Toms ( presiding judge ) , Fitzroy Donald Phillips , Michael A. Musmanno , and John J. Speight as an alternate judge . The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor ; James M. McHaney and Jack W. Robbins were the principal prosecutors . The indictment was presented on January 13 , 1947 ; the trial began on April 8 , and sentences were handed down on November 3 , 1947 . Four persons , including Oswald Pohl , were sentenced to death by hanging . Three were acquitted . The others received sentences of imprisonment between 10 years and lifetime . At the request of the judges , the court reconvened on July 14 , 1948 to consider additional material presented by the defense . On August 11 , 1948 , the tribunal issued its final sentences , confirming most of its earlier sentences , but slightly reducing some of the prison sentences and changing the death sentence of Georg Lörner into a sentence of life imprisonment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a3460d77191e2060a7ba29ae8d787f5", "text": "Manolo Rivera Morales Manuel Rivera Morales ( aka `` Manolo '' , `` El Olimpico '' , `` Mr. Apuntenlo '' ) ( 1923 -- May 25 , 2000 ) ( in Spanish ) was a Puerto Rican sportscaster , radio announcer and marketing sales executive . Rivera Morales is considered by many to be the best sportscaster in Puerto Rican history . `` The achievements of ` El Olimpico ' ( The Olympic ) have given him national and international regard and have left huge prints in our hearts . '' ( Puerto Rican Legislature , Law # 228 , 1998 ) Rivera Morales was born in Trujillo Alto on May 14 , 1923 . He was inducted in the Hall of Fame for Puerto Rican Sports on November 22 , 1992 . In 1998 the Government of Puerto Rico honored Rivera by naming a main highway after him : PR-181 Road , `` Expreso Manuel Rivera Morales '' , also known as `` El Expreso de Trujillo Alto '' ( Trujillo Alto Expressway ) . Manuel Rivera Morales gained nationwide fame in Puerto Rico during the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s , when he covered BSN basketball games live , first on radio , and later on television , for various broadcasters ( most famously WAPA-TV ) , along other famous Puerto Rican sportscasters such as Johnny Flores Monge , Rafael Bracero and Fufi Santori . Rivera Morales became a cultural icon in Puerto Rico : His phrases , many of which he invented , were commonly repeated by many Puerto Ricans and became part of colloquial Puerto Rican dialogue . When he accompanied the Puerto Rican team that played the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo to broadcast the games through radio , his style was so colorful and attracted so much attention that a local Japanese newspaper covered him . In Japan , he was also recognized with a medal as `` The World 's Best and Most Dramatic Narrator '' . He started as an Olympic sportscaster in the 1960 Olympics held in Rome and continued during the following games : 1964 Tokyo , 1968 Mexico , 1972 Munich y 1976 Montreal . Due to this vast Olympic experience , he was nicknamed `` El Olimpico '' ( The Olympic ) . He also was a narrator for the Pan-American Games and for the famous `` Roller Derby '' television show ( Puerto Rico 's Spanish version ) . Morales was also recognized for giving nicknames to some of Puerto Rico 's basketball players . José Ortiz , for example , was nicknamed `` El Concorde '' by Rivera Morales . Mario Morales became `` El Quijote '' ( was better known by his nickname than by his real name ) , José Sosa `` El Galgo '' ( The Greyhound ) , Angel `` Cachorro '' Santiago `` El Orgullo del Caserio '' ( The Pride of the Housing Projects ) , Hector `` El Mago '' Blondet ( The Magician ) , Rolando Frazier `` El Principe '' ( The Prince ) , Mario Butler `` El Expreso Panameño '' ( The Panamanian Express ) , Ruben Rodriguez `` Sharp Shooter '' , and Martín Ansa got the nickname `` El Señor '' from Morales . During the 1970s and 1980s , local laws established that boxing fights held in Puerto Rico could not be transmitted live on television ; this to encourage fans to pay tickets to see the fights live . They were , however , transmitted live by radio , and Rivera Morales also became a well-known boxing commentator on the Puerto Rican radio stations . Some phrases popularized by Manuel Rivera Morales include : - '' ¡ Apuntenlo !! '' ( score it !! ) - His trademark phrase , and a reminder to the radio crew 's scorer to write down the latest successful two-point basket . - '' ¡ Manos Arriba !! Manos Arriba ! '' ( Hands up ! Hands up ! ) After a three-point shot had been made , alluding to the gesture that basketball referees do after a three-point basket . - '' ¡ Que juego señores ... que juego ! '' ( What a great game gentlemen ... what a great game . ) - '' ¡ Me va a poner a gozar ... y me puso a gozar ! '' ( He 's going to make me enjoy ... he made me enjoy . ) Referring to a dunk . - `` Yo lo conozco ... va a tirar ... '' ( I know him ... he 's going to shoot . ) Anticipating a play . - '' ¡ Miralooooooooo ! '' ( Look at him . ) Anticipating a basket . - '' ¡ Ayúdanos , divina Pastora , a salir de aqui con vida ! '' ( Help us , `` Divine Shepherdess '' , to get out of here alive !! ) A religious imploration used by him in a playfull tone when a basketball game was close enough for the visiting team to steal a win during the closing minutes . - `` Wonderful !! '' - '' ¡ Sensacional ! '' ( Sensational ) He 'd say this after an impressive play . - `` Mi abuela decía : ' ¡ Son de goma , Manolo , son de goma ! ' '' ( My grandma used to say : `` they 're made out of rubber , Manolo , they 're made out of rubber '' ! ) - Said after a player fell dramatically and recuperated quickly . - '' ¡ Wes ... Wes ... Wes ... WES !! '' - Whenever local ( and later international ) player Wesley Correa charged to the basket . - '' ¡ Este juego es no apto para cardiacos ! '' ( This game is not suitable for cardiac patients ! ) - Said during close games , particularly those that ended up in overtime ( at a particular one that had five OT 's he almost had a cardiac incident himself ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d613fdc99865fc05c5ba535c8760af2", "text": "Gerardo Flores Gerardo Flores ( born 1986 ) of Lufkin , Texas , was convicted in 2005 of two counts of capital murder for giving his girlfriend , who was carrying twins , an at-home abortion the previous year . Prosecutors chose not to seek the death penalty , and so he was sentenced automatically to life in prison without the possibility of parole for 40 years . The conviction and sentence were denounced as the most draconian punishment for abortion in America in decades . His girlfriend , Erica Basoria , was sixteen years old and five months pregnant at the time . She was unable to get an abortion , so after her own attempts to induce miscarriage failed she called upon Flores to try stepping on her midsection . A week later she miscarried . Under Texas law a woman can not be charged with causing the deaths of her own fetuses , so Flores alone stood trial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80abe91126bcc7212ae6085bd712ec69", "text": "Jerome Silberstein Jerome D. Silberstein , owner of Silberstein , Awad & Miklos ( Born May 27 , 1924 , Deceased February 20 , 2005 at Stony Brook hospital in Stony Brook , New York ) Silberstein , Awad & Miklos won the largest verdict of the year in 2002 in Nassau County . The 35 million dollar verdict was against hospital and pediatric neurology for negligent diagnosis and treatment of enzyme disorder . Silberstein is renowned for the 1986 `` Personal Best '' case against Dr. Dumbroff , which turned into a class action suit for about 100 injured by Dumbroff , who operated with his non-physician wife and chauffeur . In 1987 , the Dumbroff case resulted in record-setting settlement . Silberstein was a trial attorney for the Public Service Mutual Insurance Company and in a ten year time frame never lost a single case . Some of his great legal victories were : Gallo , Fusfeld , & Baez . These cases were great victories for the client , the firm and the New York Bar Association . Each set historical precedents . The New York Law Journal named Jerome D. Silberstein 's prior firm , Reichenbaum & Silberstein , as one of the five big winners in medical malpractice suits against the city in December 1987 . Reichenbaum & Silberstein , having settled a case for $ 2.6 million , was second of the five top firms listed . Silberstein graduated from Brooklyn Law in 1950 and was a trial lawyer for 50 years . He also represented The Dental Society . In February 1967 , Silberstein won one of the largest cases in Nassau history for one , Arthur Lebowitz , who was run down and left with two fractured legs . Silberstein said , `` Lebowitz was once an avid skier who would never again be able to indulge in the social and athletic activities that composed a substantial part of his life prior to the accident . '' The verdict was for 500K ( an astronomical verdict for 1967 ) in damages to Mr. Lebowitz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9aef7acebdfad60a53e360e58f74c9e", "text": "Christopher Peterson (serial killer) Obadyah Ben-Yisrayl ( born Christopher Dwayne Peterson January 20 , 1969 ) is an American man found guilty of committing four murders and acquitted on three other murder charges related to the `` Shotgun Killer '' spree in Indiana from October 30 , 1990 to December 18 , 1990 . The murders took place in a number of jurisdictions , and Peterson faced a number of trials in different venues . Peterson had initially confessed and then recanted . He was acquitted in two trials for three of the murders and found guilty of four murders in two subsequent trials . Initially sentenced to death for those murders , his death sentence was commuted in 2004 . Ronald J. Harris was also charged and found guilty in two of the murders . The incident is controversial for a number of reasons such as Peterson is African American , while the initial descriptions of the suspect of the murders was described as white ; Peterson had been illegally arrested for committing another crime which impacted the use of evidence in the `` Shotgun Killer '' spree trials because it was deemed improperly collected ; Peterson 's initial confession was recanted under claims of duress ; the trials with all-white juries came to different conclusions than juries which included people of other races ; and in the final case to go to trial , the judge over-ruled the jury 's decision not to impose the death penalty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e756e47e2af558afb02bd74ac560ccc3", "text": "Pan Am Flight 830 Pan Am Flight 830 was a flight from Narita International Airport in Tokyo , Japan to Honolulu International Airport in Hawaii . On August 11 , 1982 , the Boeing 747-121 serving the flight , nicknamed `` Clipper Ocean Rover '' was en route to Hawaii when the airplane was damaged by a bomb that had been placed on board . Despite the damage to the aircraft , Captain James E. ( Skipper ) O'Halloran III was able to land in Honolulu safely . At the time of the explosion , the aircraft was approximately 225 kilometers northwest of Hawaii , cruising at 36000 ft with 270 passengers and 15 crew on board . The bomb , which had been placed under a seat cushion , killed 16-year-old Toru Ozawa , a Japanese national . The blast also injured 16 other people ( including Ozawa 's parents ) and caused damage to the floor and ceiling . The aircraft remained airborne and made an emergency landing in Honolulu . The bomb was placed by Mohammed Rashed , a Jordanian linked to the 15 May Organization . In 1988 , he was arrested in Greece , tried , convicted of murder and sentenced to fifteen years in prison . He was paroled in 1996 after serving eight years . He was later extradited to the US from Egypt in 1998 to stand trial . In 2006 , as part of a plea bargain agreement he was sentenced to a further seven years in federal prison . As per his agreement with US prosecutors in providing information about other terrorist plots he was released from prison in March 2013 but still remained in a federal immigration detention facility in upstate New York awaiting deportation . Abu Ibrahim was also indicted in the bombing of Pam Am Flight 830 and in 2009 was placed on the FBI 's most wanted list . On November 24 , 2009 , the Department of State announced that it was offering a reward of up to $ 5M for Abu Ibrahim , now about 73 years old . The previous reward of $ 200,000 had produced no results . The aircraft was later put back in service by Pan American World Airways and remained in operation for various carriers through the early 1990s . It served as a prop for the 1996 film Executive Decision for the fictional Oceanic Airlines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "337dad2f46e229cd135f515c61626535", "text": "SportsCentury SportsCentury is an ESPN biography program that reviews the people and athletic events that defined sports in North America throughout the 20th and 21st centuries . Using stock footage , on-camera interviews , and photographs of their athletic lives , who grew up . In 1999 , ESPN counted down the Top 50 Athletes of the 20th Century , selected from North American athletes and voted on by a panel of sports journalists and observers , premiering a new biography highlighting each top athlete every week throughout the year . The episodes for the top two athletes , Michael Jordan and Babe Ruth , appeared on a special combined edition broadcast on Christmas Day on ABC . The top two names were announced in no particular order , and the final positioning was announced at the conclusion of the two episodes . An additional list of numbers 51-100 were announced on the ESPN SportsCentury website . Themed specials such as Greatest Games , Greatest Coaches , Greatest Dynasties , and Most Influential Individuals were premiered throughout the year , as well as six SportsCenter of the Decade programs . After the initial run was complete , the episodes were rerun at various times on ESPN , ESPN2 and ESPN Classic . The original plan for the series was to expand to include # 51 through # 100 . Ultimately , the series featured just over half of the athletes from # 51 to # 100 , and instead expanded to include over 150 other athletes , coaches , owners , personalities , and notable moments in sports history . Acknowledgements were given to athletes that were notable for more recent accomplishments , even if they spent only a small part of their career in the 20th century ( e.g. , Tiger Woods , Tom Brady ) , or were recently deceased ( e.g. Pat Tillman , Dale Earnhardt ) . Special subsets of episodes were created revolving around a particular event , including athletes associated with the particular sport . They would typically air in the days leading up to those events . ( e.g. , Winter Olympics , golf majors , Indianapolis 500 , etc. . ) ESPN Classic began to feature the program with host , Chris Fowler , as the highlight of its weeknight prime-time programing , airing five nights a week . After cycling through the entire series several times , and after debuting several new episodes , it was removed as a nightly program . , reruns of the documentary series airs Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. Eastern time . The last original program was that of Shaquille O'Neal , which aired in November 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d85a6bc478303a90f917cd5da6219cf", "text": "Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali ( -LSB- ɑːˈliː -RSB- born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 -- June 3 , 2016 ) was an American professional boxer and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring . Cassius Clay was born and raised in Louisville , Kentucky , and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old . At age 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year . At age 22 in 1964 , he won the WBA , WBC , and lineal heavyweight titles from Sonny Liston in a big upset . Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay , which he called his `` slave name '' , to Muhammad Ali . He set an example of racial pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement . In 1966 , two years after winning the heavyweight title , Ali further antagonized the white establishment by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military , citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War . He was eventually arrested , found guilty of draft evasion charges , and stripped of his boxing titles . He successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court , which overturned his conviction in 1971 , by which time he had not fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak performance as an athlete . Ali 's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation . Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century . He remains the only three-time lineal heavyweight champion , having won the title in 1964 , 1974 , and 1978 . Between February 25 and September 19 , 1964 , Ali reigned as the undisputed heavyweight champion . He is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times . He was ranked as the greatest athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated , the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC , and the third greatest athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury . Nicknamed `` The Greatest '' , he was involved in several historic boxing matches . Notable among these were the first Liston fight ; the `` Fight of the Century '' , `` Super Fight II '' , the `` Thrilla in Manila '' versus his rival Joe Frazier , and `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' versus George Foreman . At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking , Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight , where he was often provocative and outlandish . He was known for trash talking , and often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry , both for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his activism , anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music . As a musician , Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song , and received two Grammy Award nominations . As an actor , he performed in several films and a Broadway musical . Additionally , Ali wrote two autobiographies , one during and one after his boxing career . As a Muslim , Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammad 's Nation of Islam ( NOI ) and advocated their black separatist ideology . He later disavowed the NOI , adhering initially to Sunni Islam and later to Sufism , and supporting racial integration , like his former mentor Malcolm X. After retiring from boxing in 1981 , Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable work . In 1984 , Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson 's syndrome , which his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries . As the condition worsened , Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3 , 2016 , in Scottsdale , Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c896acbf59ba7b6e2eb1e9a58658d8b5", "text": "Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times Muhammad Ali : His Life and Times is an award-winning biography of the boxer Muhammad Ali , written in 1991 by Thomas Hauser . It won the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award in that year . A review of the book in the Chicago Tribune states :", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cde0a5372890b217ffa0af105d42a419", "text": "2001 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position -- who in turn are given the honorific `` All-America '' and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' , or simply `` All-Americans '' . Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit , the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media . Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889 . The NCAA recognizes four different All-America selectors for the 2001 college baseball season : the American Baseball Coaches Association ( since 1947 ) , Baseball America ( since 1981 ) , Collegiate Baseball ( since 1991 ) , and the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association ( since 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5d75a0cdf9c279288400e1905b48671", "text": "List of WBC world champions This is a list of WBC world champions , showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council ( WBC ) . The WBC is one of the four major governing bodies in professional boxing , and certifies world champions in 10 different weight classes . In 1963 , the year of its foundation , the WBC inaugurated titles in all divisions with the exception of light flyweight , super flyweight , super bantamweight , super middleweight and cruiserweight , which were inaugurated in the subsequent decades . The most recent title inaugurated by the WBC is in the minimumweight ( also called strawweight ) division in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84a314d5858449ea1671815afeb2ae3", "text": "3v3 Soccer 3v3 Soccer is a variety of soccer played between two teams . Each team may only have 3 players on the field at a time ( hence providing the name , `` 3 v 3 '' , `` 3 versus 3 '' , or `` 3 on 3 '' ) . This style of soccer is more commonly referred to as a `` small-sided '' game , as compared to a full game with larger teams . The field used is smaller than a regulation soccer pitch , instead it typically is 30 yards wide by 40 yards long , although these dimensions vary quite a bit when the game is played indoors due to the varied styles and sizes of indoor pitches . It uses a much smaller goal than fullsided soccer . In most 3v3 there is no keeper , although one variant , 3v3 Micro Soccer , does use a keeper . `` 3v3 Soccer '' is claimed to be the fastest growing form of soccer in the World . Its greatest popularity is in the United States , where hundreds , and perhaps thousands of Tournaments take place each year , however it is also now begun to catch on in many other countries . Nike helped to popularize it with its international Joga3 Joga Bonito Tour back in 2006 , in which teams qualified at local events around the World , culminating in a big 3v3 World Cup played in Brazil . It is a much faster paced , and higher scoring game than traditional full sided soccer . The speed of the attack , the use of triangulation , and the strategies bring aspects of Hockey into the game . The quick shift from one end of the field to the other after a goal is scored , or upon loss of possession is reminiscent of Basketball . It requires the blending of individual skills with teamwork . Its gain in popularity is largely because every member of the team gets equal playing time , and equal touches on the ball . All players on the field are a part of the play . Because of the speed of the game , and the fact that players are constantly in motion , there are frequent substitutions . A typical player may be rotated on six times or more in one game . There are no permanently assigned positions as there are in full sided soccer , giving each team member equal status and equal importance . This helps to develop individual skills . Currently there are Four major tours in the United States , Colorado based Kick it 3v3 Soccer http://www.kickit3v3.com/ with their World Championship 's held at the ESPN Wide World Of Sports Complex in Florida , Utah based 3v3 Live , Florida based Challenge3v3 and 3v3 World Tour , a 3v3 soccer tour that offers a 3v3 ranking system . There is also a new California based US 3v3 Soccer is promoting 3v3 soccer throughout California and the West . Canada also finally has its own home grown tour attempting to promote 3v3 there . Ontario based Ultimate 3 on 3 Soccer is the first Canadian based 3v3 Soccer Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5dae1949a2c4aec2ae67a991bc26d6d", "text": "Bill Kazmaier William Kazmaier ( born December 30 , 1953 ) is an American former world champion powerlifter , world champion strongman and professional wrestler . During the 1970s and 1980s , he set numerous powerlifting and strongman world records , and won two International Powerlifting Federation ( IPF ) World Championships and three World 's Strongest Man titles . In the 1980s , Kazmaier became famous for his claim to be `` the strongest man who ever lived '' by equaling and surpassing spectacular and versatile feats of strength of famous strongmen of the 20th century . He is widely considered to be one of the all-time greatest competitors in strength competitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f297c8d0808d5e41b7f2bb88ae23ca24", "text": "Ohio State Football All-Century Team The Ohio State Football All-Century Team was chosen in early 2000 by the Touchdown Club of Columbus . It was selected to honor the greatest Ohio State Buckeyes football players of the 20th century . No effort was made to distinguish a first team or second team , the organization instead choosing only to select an 80-man roster and a five-man coaching staff . Members selected to the team were honored at a banquet on February 19 , 2000 . Living members of the team elected all-century captains and an all-century Most Valuable Player . As captains they chose Archie Griffin and Rex Kern on offense , and Chris Spielman and Jack Tatum on defense . Archie Griffin was selected as MVP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c91e97644e28129eae9dc92731604f03", "text": "Greatest Sports Legends Greatest Sports Legends is a sports anthology series on the lives and careers of noted athletes . First aired in 1972 , the series was produced with 10 new episodes per year nestled amongst 42 reruns . 207 episodes were produced , with athlete hosts including Michael Jordan and Reggie Jackson interviewing the featured athlete . The series won one Emmy award out of three nominations . After production , the series continued to air in reruns . In 2012 , it was announced that Steve Rotfeld Productions would offer one-hour editions.As of 2015 , the series airs sporadically on the cable network Decades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f86b4c7e3abf10a836eca2864c85745d", "text": "Utah Sports Hall of Fame The Utah Sports Hall of Fame is an athletics hall of fame in the U.S. state of Utah . The Utah Sports Hall of Fame Foundation , organized in 1967 as The Old Time Athletes Association , was founded `` to celebrate and preserve Utah 's storied sports heritage . '' The charter class of 18 members was inducted in 1970 and included Jack Dempsey , Gene Fullmer , and Frank Christensen . Other inductees include professional basketball player Fred Sheffield ( 1975 ) , Major League Baseball pitcher Kent Peterson ( 1977 ) , and rodeo champion Earl W. Bascom ( 1985 ) . In 2015 , the hall inducted former Major League Baseball pitcher Kelly Downs , former Olympic marathoner Ed Eyestone , former National Football League quarterback Scott Mitchell , Olympic gold medalist wrestler and wrestling coach Cael Sanderson , and former college basketball player Wayne Estes . The fall 2016 class , inducted on October 18 in Salt Lake City , comprised women 's college basketball coach Elaine Elliott , former National Basketball Association player Devin Durrant , philanthropist Jon Huntsman Sr. , volleyball player Annette Cottle , and NCAA steeplechase champion Farley Gerber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d934b69e34abf6b530d70861b2d4632e", "text": "The Greatest Love of All `` The Greatest Love of All '' is a song written by composers Michael Masser ( music ) and Linda Creed ( lyrics ) . It was originally recorded in 1977 by American singer and guitarist George Benson , who made the song a substantial hit , peaking at number 2 on the R&B chart that year , the first R&B chart Top Ten hit for Arista Records . The song was written and recorded to be the main theme of the 1977 film The Greatest , a biopic of the boxer Muhammad Ali . Eight years after Benson 's original recording , the song became even more well known for a version by Whitney Houston , whose 1985 cover ( with the slightly amended title `` Greatest Love of All '' ) eventually topped the charts , peaking at number 1 in Australia , Canada , U.S. and on the R&B chart in 1986 . The original recording by Benson was released in 1977 in the U.S. , Japan , France , Germany , New Zealand , Australia , Italy , Brazil , Netherlands , U.K. and in Thailand , on an extended play ( EP ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2023fd75216b3ab583d6e2069c85583", "text": "The Ring magazine Prospect of the Year The Ring magazine was established in 1922 . Since 1983 , it has named a boxer who had the most potential to become a future star in the sport as Prospect of the Year , based on the magazine 's writers ' criteria . However , it had been discontinued between 1989 and 2010 . Here is a list of The Ring magazine 's Prospects of the Year : 1983 Kenny Baysmore 1984 Mark Breland 1985 Mike Tyson 1986 Michael Williams 1987 Engels Pedroza 1988 Michael Moorer 2011 Gary Russell , Jr. . 2012 Keith Thurman 2013 Vasyl Lomachenko 2014 Anthony Joshua 2015 Takuma Inoue 2016 Erickson Lubin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1b7cf19223b2372393b79a20477e0e", "text": "Jim Thorpe James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox ( Sauk ) : Wa-Tho-Huk , translated as `` Bright Path '' ; May 22 or 28 , 1887March 28 , 1953 ) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist . A member of the Sac and Fox Nation , Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country . Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports , he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon , and played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball . He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he had been paid for playing two seasons of semi-professional baseball before competing in the Olympics , thus violating the amateurism rules that were then in place . In 1983 , 30 years after his death , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) restored his Olympic medals . Thorpe grew up in the Sac and Fox Nation in Oklahoma , and attended Carlisle Indian Industrial School , where he was a two-time All-American for the school 's football team . After his Olympic success in 1912 , which included a record score in the decathlon , he added a victory in the All-Around Championship of the Amateur Athletic Union . In 1913 , Thorpe signed with the New York Giants , and he played six seasons in Major League Baseball between 1913 and 1919 . Thorpe joined the Canton Bulldogs American football team in 1915 , helping them win three professional championships ; he later played for six teams in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played as part of several all-American Indian teams throughout his career , and barnstormed as a professional basketball player with a team composed entirely of American Indians . From 1920 to 1921 , Thorpe was nominally the first president of the American Professional Football Association ( APFA ) , which became the NFL in 1922 . He played professional sports until age 41 , the end of his sports career coinciding with the start of the Great Depression . He struggled to earn a living after that , working several odd jobs . He suffered from alcoholism , and lived his last years in failing health and poverty . He was married three times and had eight children , before suffering from heart failure and dying in 1953 . Thorpe has received various accolades for his athletic accomplishments . The Associated Press named him the `` greatest athlete '' from the first 50 years of the 20th century , and the Pro Football Hall of Fame inducted him as part of its inaugural class in 1963 . A Pennsylvania town was named in his honor and a monument site there is the site of his remains , which were the subject of legal action . Thorpe was portrayed in the 1951 film Jim Thorpe -- All-American , and appeared in several films himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd4b02313bb45aec2bd1a1f631a51cf7", "text": "Ali Baba (wrestler) Arteen Ekizian ( September 28 , 1901 -- November 16 , 1981 ) , better known by the ring name Ali Baba , was an Turkish professional wrestler and World Heavyweight Champion who was active in the early portion of the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08391bf07c5fd33f48ba0b5dbecb9ced", "text": "Religious views of Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali evolved considerably in his religious and spiritual views throughout his life . Ali was introduced to the Nation of Islam in 1962 , and officially became a member of the organization shortly after his first bout with Liston . He converted to Sunni Islam after the death of the Nation 's leader , Elijah Muhammad , in 1975 , following which the organization 's leader Wallace D. Muhammad had aligned the ideology of the Nation with Sunni Islam . Around 2005 , Ali again converted , this time to Sufism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe81724965e80d9b5787c4ce7f82f3c", "text": "Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting . Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality . Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60a5988524460be7f653b0a0cd312297", "text": "J.H. McLaughlin James Hiram McLaughlin ( June 8 , 1844 -- September 11 , 1905 ) ( also known as Colonel J.H. McLaughlin or simply J.H. McLaughlin ) was a wrestling champion in the United States in the 19th century . He is generally considered the first American professional wrestling champion , and along with William Muldoon , was one of the two key people to establish and popularize professional wrestling in the United States . The 6-foot-1 McLaughlin weighed between 215 and 265 pounds , depending on whether he 'd kept himself in fighting shape . He was born in Oriskany , New York . McLaughlin was known for his superior Irish-style `` collar-and-elbow '' standing skills , in which throwing an opponent was the aim . However , he also excelled at the rougher , undisciplined catch-as-catch-can style which was then prominent , and three opponents are known to have died as a result of wrestling McLaughlin . Newspaper accounts of the time are sometimes exaggerated , and even in the late 19th century , numerous fans and reporters already regarded the burgeoning sport 's credibility with skepticism . However , contemporary reports of McLaughlin 's earnings , including the side bets that were commonly several multiples of his official pay , indicate that he was phenomenally well-compensated . Adjusting for inflation , it is possible that he was the highest-paid wrestler in history . McLaughlin 's wrestling career began in earnest with a few matches just before the U.S. Civil War . His first was in 1859 against the irascible Hiram McKee . Though half McKee 's age , McLaughlin may have outweighed his opponent , who he successfully pinned . When McKee angrily demanded a rematch , McLaughlin lost his temper and threw McKee to the ground , fracturing McKee 's leg . McKee fought for the Union Army during the war , while continuing to pursue wrestling , which was a popular pastime among the troops . After defeating Louis Ainsworth in 1866 or 1867 , McLaughlin declared himself to be the collar-and-elbow champion of America . Even after losing a bout to Homer Lane in 1868 , the public still regarded McLaughlin 's claim to the title . In March 1870 , a tournament was held , and is believed to have been wholly legitimate . McLaughlin emerged as the winner , and was awarded a belt with a gold buckle , which he would later put at stake in matches . In the tournament final , McLaughlin was safely ahead in a match against Barney Smith , but the referee declined to end the match . McLaughlin ended the match by either slamming Smith on his head or off the stage ( accounts differ ) , delivering an impact which led to Smith 's mental incapacitation and eventual death from cranial trauma . The remorseful McLaughlin gave his tournament winnings to Smith 's widow , saying `` I forgot I was so wicked strong . '' McLaughlin successfully defended his golden belt for the next year , before announcing his retirement in mid-1871 . Despite remaining inactive for nearly four years , he was generally considered the reigning champion . His next match came in February 1875 , with a decisive win over Mike Whalen in which he collected $ 2,500 for the match itself , and another $ 15,000 by betting on himself , more than half a million dollars in today 's money . McLaughlin did not fight again for a year , winning a January 1876 rematch against Joe Benjamin , who he 'd beaten five years earlier . He fought several times that year , including two draws and a win against James H. Martin . But the year took its toll on McLaughlin 's opponents . Dutch Hogan died after wrestling McLaughlin , and Charles Meier was paralyzed . It was at this point that McLaughlin publicly declared his intention to restrict his future fights to collar-and-elbow rules , rather than the anything-goes style that led to those in-ring tragedies . In December 1876 , McLaughlin injured his heel in an exhibition tune-up match , leaving him at a disadvantage for a title match against James Owens a few weeks later . That bout lasted more than five hours , with McLaughlin protecting his injured foot , and Owens being reluctant to press the advantage against the larger and stronger McLaughlin . Ultimately Owens won the title in two straight falls . McLaughlin spent a few months healing before winning three matches in the spring , then retired again . McLaughlin gained a substantial amount of weight during his sabbatical , but was lured out of retirement in November 1878 against the formidable John McMahon . McLaughlin defeated McMahon in a rematch three weeks later , and a third contest the following March resulted in a draw . Almost four years later , at the end of 1882 , McLaughlin beat Canadian champion Edras Lambert . In 1884 , he reentered the competition with a series of bouts . In January , he beat top star H.M. Dufur to capture his third collar-and-elbow championship . In March , he lost to Duncan C. Ross , then beat Ross three weeks later , then lost a rematch to Dufur three weeks after that . A month later , in June , he defeated Dufur for his fourth title , before relinquishing it to Dufur at the end of July . Wrestling reporter/historian Dave Meltzer believes the back-and-forth results and the shortened time between the matches suggests that the sequence and outcomes of these matches were most likely deliberately prearranged by the wrestlers to excite public interest , and maximize the payout . Four months later , McLaughlin split a pair of matches with William Muldoon in November and December . Muldoon won the rematch , and assumed McLaughlin 's spot as the nation 's preeminent wrestling star . The second Muldoon match marked the effective end of McLaughlin 's professional career and title hopes . However , in 1901 , McLaughlin emerged in the Yukon territory as part of a threesome of wrestlers , travelling from town to town pretending to confront and challenge one another over the `` real '' championship . The other wrestlers , primarily future star Frank Gotch and Joe Carroll , used pseudonyms , but McLaughlin 's name was still a draw after forty years . Their alleged antipathy included the first high-profile `` three way '' match , in which McLaughlin , Gotch and Carroll wrestled one another in five different styles , purportedly to determine which of the three was the most versatile . Gotch would emerge the winner of these round robin challenges . McLaughlin died four years later , aged 61 , on September 11 , 1905 , in Fairmont , Alaska . He was an inductee into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame class of 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65d28c5973354e3828725d1152a42ae9", "text": "All-America This article is about the concept in sports teams . For similarly-named articles , see All American . An All-America team is a hypothetical American sports team composed of outstanding amateur players . These players are broadly considered by media and other relevant commentators as the best players in a particular sport , of a specific season , for each team position . Such athletes at the high school and college level are given the honorific title and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' or simply `` All-Americans '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "345d61e53ade5e052a376cb9e17cee8e", "text": "Walter Beach Walter Beach , III ( born January 31 , 1933 ) is a former American football player . As a safety , he played college football at the Central Michigan University , where he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1986 . He also played professionally in the American Football League for the Boston Patriots in 1960 and 1961 , and in the National Football League for the Cleveland Browns from 1962 through 1966 . He was part of the Cleveland Browns team which won the NFL Championship in 1964 . Beach was also part of a group of black athletes who publicly supported Muhammad Ali 's refusal to be inducted into the United States Army , as a conscientious objector to the Vietnam War . Beach is the CEO of Amer-I-Can of New York , a life skills management program founded by his friend and teammate , Jim Brown . In 2014 , Beach authored the book , Consider This .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "37d95df6d449b046ff5eab5883b21827", "text": "François de Belleforest François de Belleforest ( 1530 -- 1 January 1583 ) was a prolific French author , poet and translator of the Renaissance . He was born in Comminges , into a poor family , and his father ( a soldier ) was killed when he was seven . He spent some time in the court of Marguerite of Navarre , traveled to Toulouse and Bordeaux ( where he met George Buchanan ) , and then to Paris where he came into contact with members of the young literary generation , including Pierre de Ronsard , Jean Antoine de Baïf , Jean Dorat , Remy Belleau , Antoine Du Verdier and Odet de Turnèbe . In 1568 he became historiographer to the king . He died in Paris . Belleforest wrote on cosmography , morals , literature and history , and he translated the works of Matteo Bandello , Boccaccio , Antonio de Guevara , Lodovico Guicciardini , Polydore Vergil , Saint Cyprian , Sebastian Münster , Achilles Tatius , Cicero and Demosthenes into French . He is also the author of the first French pastoral novel , La Pyrénée ( or La Pastorale amoureuse ) ( 1571 ) modeled on the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor . His Grandes Annales are a polemic tract against François Hotman . His total output comprises more than 50 volumes . His most successful work was most likely his translation and adaptation of the `` histoires tragiques '' by the Italian Matteo Bandello , which built on the work of Pierre Boaistuau and eventually amounted to seven volumes ( 1564-1582 ) . One of these tales might be the source for Shakespeare 's Hamlet .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "170316168093e35ce2227177edba175b", "text": "Père Goriot Le Père Goriot ( -LSB- lə pɛʁ ɡɔʁjo -RSB- , Old Goriot or Father Goriot ) is an 1835 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac ( 1799 -- 1850 ) , included in the Scènes de la vie privée section of his novel sequence La Comédie humaine . Set in Paris in 1819 , it follows the intertwined lives of three characters : the elderly doting Goriot ; a mysterious criminal-in-hiding named Vautrin ; and a naive law student named Eugène de Rastignac . Originally published in serial form during the winter of 1834/35 , Le Père Goriot is widely considered Balzac 's most important novel . It marks the first serious use by the author of characters who had appeared in other books , a technique that distinguishes Balzac 's fiction . The novel is also noted as an example of his realist style , using minute details to create character and subtext . The novel takes place during the Bourbon Restoration , which brought profound changes to French society ; the struggle by individuals to secure a higher social status is a major theme in the book . The city of Paris also impresses itself on the characters -- especially young Rastignac , who grew up in the provinces of southern France . Balzac analyzes , through Goriot and others , the nature of family and marriage , providing a pessimistic view of these institutions . The novel was released to mixed reviews . Some critics praised the author for his complex characters and attention to detail ; others condemned him for his many depictions of corruption and greed . A favorite of Balzac 's , the book quickly won widespread popularity and has often been adapted for film and the stage . It gave rise to the French expression `` Rastignac '' , a social climber willing to use any means to better his situation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1b88270252db373e8f346e29e51db5", "text": "Octave Mirbeau Octave Mirbeau ( 16 February 1848 -- 16 February 1917 ) was a French journalist , art critic , travel writer , pamphleteer , novelist , and playwright , who achieved celebrity in Europe and great success among the public , while still appealing to the literary and artistic avant-garde . His work has been translated into thirty languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e5ea8d847883726621000c42ac8d2e2", "text": "Translations of The Devil's Dictionary Ambrose Bierce 's book of satirical definitions The Devil 's Dictionary has acquired an international reputation as an entertaining and important work of satire , and so has been translated from its original American English into other languages many times . In addition , writers in several countries have made critical observations in non-English languages about The Devil 's Dictionary in their introductions and afterwords to Bierce 's book , and in scholarly essays . Some translations , with the first year of publication and of reprints ( as well as new printings by other publishers of existing editions ) , include :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd2ef58a273ce37058cdff8c21545148", "text": "Jean d'Outremeuse Jean d'Outremeuse or Jean des Preis ( Liège , 1338-1400 ) was a writer and historian who wrote two romanticised historical works and a lapidary . La Geste de Liége is an account of the mythical history of his native city , Liège , written partly in prose and partly in verse . It was probably based on an existing text and consists of three books : book one , in 40,000 lines , book two , in 12,224 lines with prose summaries , book three , has been lost , but a few passages have been found . Ly Myreur des Histors ( `` The Mirror of Histories '' ) is a more ambitious narrative , purporting to be a history of the world from the flood up to the 14th century . It combines Vincent de Beauvais 's early works Ogier le Danois and the Geste de Liège into a universal history , from the fall of Troy to 1340 , mixing real and legendary events . The Liège herald , Louis Abry ( 1643-1720 ) , refers to the lost fourth book of the Myreur des Hystors of Johans des Preis , styled d'Oultremeuse . In this `` Jean de Bourgogne , dit a la Barbe '' , is said to have revealed himself on his deathbed to d'Oultremeuse , whom he made his executor , and to have described himself in his will as `` messire Jean de Mandeville , chevalier , comte de Montfort en Angleterre et seigneur de l'isle de Campdi et du château Pérouse '' . It is added that , having had the misfortune to kill an unnamed count in his own country , he engaged himself to travel through the three parts of the world , arrived at Liège in 1343 , was a great naturalist , profound philosopher and astrologer , and had a remarkable knowledge of physics . And the identification is confirmed by the fact that in the now destroyed church of the Guillemins was a tombstone of Mandeville , with a Latin inscription stating that he was otherwise named `` ad Barbam '' , was a professor of medicine , and died at Liège on November 17 , 1372 : this inscription is quoted as far back as 1462 . Tresorier de philosophie naturelle des pierres precieuses ( a lapidary ) This book is a compilation of recipes for making fake gems by coloring glasses by various means . It is of interest to glassworkers or historians seeking to understand the manufacture of ancient glass or fake gems adorning various pieces of goldsmith 's work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e4641ef8a0757c7241c97c5314b41f1", "text": "Mikhail Lozinsky Mikhail Leonidovich Lozinsky ( Russian : Михаил Леонидович Лозинский , 20 July 1886 -- 31 January 1955 ) is deemed to be the most accomplished Russian translator of the 20th century . `` In the difficult and noble art of translation , '' said Anna Akhmatova , `` Lozinsky was for the twentieth century what Zhukovsky was for the nineteenth . '' Lozinsky 's granddaughters include writers Tatyana Tolstaya and Natalia Tolstaya . Lozinsky was born in Gatchina and spent his life in St. Petersburg . His uncle was married to an aunt of Alexander Blok , who was one of the first to appreciate Lozinsky 's highly polished verse . During the Silver Age of Russian Poetry he was close to the Acmeist circle of Nikolay Gumilyov ; he was briefly arrested and interrogated following the latter 's execution . Despite his impeccable craftsmanship , Lozinsky 's poetry failed to attract public attention owing to its lack of substance and originality . Lozinsky therefore began applying his literary skills to the translation of works by notable non-Russian literary figures such as Benvenuto Cellini , Lope de Vega , Richard Brinsley Sheridan , and others . In his diary , Blok noted that some of Lozinsky 's translations were superior to those of Zhukovsky , who had been regarded as a model for Russian verse translators for generations . Lozinsky 's greatest feat was his translation of Dante 's The Divine Comedy which he completed between 1939 and 1945 in spite of poor health . This accomplishment won him the Stalin Prize in 1946 . Lozinsky 's copious translations of Shakespeare have been somewhat less popular than contemporary translations by Boris Pasternak and Samuil Marshak . Unlike them , Lozinsky did not strive to modernise Shakespeare by stripping him of obscure details and puns . Soviet critics tended to dismiss his Shakespeare translations as `` obscure , heavy , and unintelligible '' ; Akhmatova , however , felt that Lozinsky brilliantly achieved his aim of `` conveying the age of Shakespeare 's language and the complexity about which even the English complain '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edccc1ac16f26b8f968591ceed40528", "text": "Mingxin baojian The Mingxin baojian is an ancient Chinese book containing `` a collection of aphorisms and quotations form the Chinese classics and other works '' The author and date of authorship are not reliably known , although later references suggest that it was compiled in 1393 by Fan Liben . The quotations and aphorisms in the book appear to be from scholarly writings of Confucianism , Buddhism , and Taoism , with `` a great many of the quotations ... taken from Taoist writings '' , suggesting that the author was a follower of Taoism . The Mingxin baojian was the first book translated from Chinese into a Western language . `` The Ming-hsin pao-chien seems to have widely circulated among the people in Fukien in the late Ming period . It was brought by the Chinese to the Philippines '' . It was translated into Spanish by a Dominican friar named Juan Cobo who arrived in the Philippines in 1588 . In 1595 , the Dominicans presented this translation , along with a copy of the original , to Philip III of Spain , then Crown Prince . Prior to its acquisition by westerners , the work had already been translated and circulated in other Asian countries . It is known as the Myeongsim Bogam in Korean , and the Minh tâm bửu giám Vietnamese . It was included in The Chinese Repository , translated by William Milne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8623ddc4a5cc29cfe2431c87e10e074", "text": "Clara Bell Clara Bell , née Poynter ( 1835 -- 1927 ) , was an English translator fluent in French , German , Danish , Dutch , Italian , Norwegian , Russian , and Spanish , noted for her translations of works by Henrik Ibsen , Balzac , Georg Ebers , Huysmans , Maupassant , and others . She was educated in France , where she became fluent in French and German ; she did not acquire her knowledge of the other languages until after her fortieth birthday . She spent most of her life in London . Bell was born in Westminster to architect Ambrose Poynter and Emma Forster ; her brother was Sir Edward Poynter , a director of the National Gallery . She was a distant relation of Edward Burne-Jones and Rudyard Kipling . She was married to banker Robert Courtenay Bell ( 1816 -- 1896 ) with whom she had six children , one of whom was Charles Francis Bell , who oversaw the Fine Art Department of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford . Under the direction of George Saintsbury , Bell , Ellen Marriage , and Rachel Scott were responsible for translating the vast majority of Balzac 's Human Comedy into English , superseding earlier translations that had generally been regarded as stilted . The low pay that translators received at that time required Bell and her colleagues to complete work quickly , but her translations have nonetheless been noted for their close adherence to the source texts , and their high degree of readability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca888c872d280bd3e82daac612eb852", "text": "Jean-François de Bastide Jean-François de Bastide ( 15 July 1724 , Marseille -- 4 July 1798 , Milan aged 73 ) was an 18th-century French writer and playwright . The son of a magistrate from Provence , Bastide was a polygraph : he wrote novels ( Histoire d'une religieuse par elle-même , `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' , May 1786 , 24 p. in-16 ) , theatre plays , critics , and was also a journalist and a compilator . As a journalist , he published Le Nouveau spectateur ( 1758 -- 60 ) , Le Monde tel qu'il est ( 1760 -- 61 ) , Journal de Bruxelles ou le Penseur ( 1766 -- 67 ) , etc. . He also directed the `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' from 1779 to 1789 . As a playwright , he composed : 1749 : Le Désenchantement inespéré 1762 : L'Épreuve de la probité 1763 : Les Caractères de la musique 1763 : Les Deux talents , opéra comique presented at Comédie Italienne 11 August ( music by chevalier d'Herbain ) 1764 : Le Jeune homme , comedy presented in Bordeaux 1766 : Les Amants opposés , comedy presented in The Hague 11 March La Majorité , comedy presented the same day in the same theatre 1766 : Le Soldat par amour , opéra comique presented in Brussel , at Théâtre de la Monnaie , 4 November ( music by Pierre Van Maldere and Ignaz Vitzthumb ) Gésoncourt et Clémentine , tragedy presented the same day in the same theatre . La Petite-Maison , published in Contes de M. de Bastide , Paris , L. Cellot , 1763 , II , 1 , p. 47-88", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaed7085d6e026400e24b6cdaa38766a", "text": "Ettore Balestrero Ettore Balestrero ( 21 December 1966 ) is the current apostolic nuncio to Colombia since his appointed was announced on 22 February 2013 . He had previously served as Undersecretary for Relations with States , the deputy to Archbishop Dominique Mamberti . Monsignor Balestrero will take his position as under-secretary in the section for relations with states . The Genoa-born monsignor was already serving as an advisor in that department . After attending law school , he entered the Almo Collegio Capranica and was ordained a priest on 18 September 1993 for the diocese of Rome by Cardinal Camillo Ruini . He earned a degree in theology and a doctorate in Canon Law . After serving in the Parish of Santa Maria Mater Ecclesiae al Torrino in Rome , he became a student at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy . He entered the Holy See 's diplomatic service in 1996 , serving in Korea , Mongolia and the Netherlands . Since 2001 he has served in the Secretariat of State . He was appointed as Undersecretary for Relations with States replacing Pietro Parolin who was appointed as Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela on the same day . Msgr. Balestrero 's task will be to oversee the work of the office of Relations with States and maintain contacts with ambassadors around the world . Msgr. Balestrero has an American mother and speaks fluent English as well as French , Spanish , German and Dutch . In July 2012 the Council of Europe released a report that marked a milestone in the Holy See 's efforts to shed its reputation as a tax haven long mired in secrecy and scandal . The report showed the Vatican had received compliant or largely compliant grades on nine of the 16 `` key and core '' internationally recognised recommendations to fight money laundering and terrorist financing . However , seven other areas were found lacking , particularly its anti-terror finance measures and the Vatican 's financial oversight agency . The report found the agency had yet to conduct any inspections , and that its role , authority and independence needed clarification . The so-called Moneyval committee praised the Holy See for making so much progress in a short amount of time , but said more needs to be done . `` We take both the praise and criticism contained in the report with seriousness '' said Monsignor Balestrero , head of the Vatican delegation to the Moneyval committee . He went on to say that the `` report released today is not an end , but a milestone in our continuing efforts . In regards to the actual findings , simply stated we obviously wish to strengthen the overall system ; in particular out of the 16 key and core recommendations of the international standards to fight ML/FT there are 7 areas where the Holy See must and will focus on . In this light , the report released today is not the end , but is rather an important passage of our continuing efforts to marry moral commitments to technical excellence . We have taken a definitive step to lay the foundations to a structure -- a house if you will -- that is to a robust and sustainable system to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism . Now it is our wish to fully construct a building that effectively shows the Holy See 's and Vatican City State 's desire to be a reliable partner in the international community '' . On 22 February 2013 , in the last week of the papacy of Pope Benedict XVI Msgr Balestrero was appointed apostolic nuncio to Colombia and at the same time Titular Archbishop of Vittoriana . He was replaced by Antoine Camilleri a priest of the diocese of Malta . Camilleri had previously served as a former personal secretary to Archbishop Dominique Mamberti . Balestrero 's name was prominently mentioned in a sensational story in the Italian daily La Repubblica about the `` Vatileaks '' scandal . As the Vatican 's chief negotiator in talks with European banking officials , Msgr. Balestrero was caught up in a heated intramural debate about Vatican procedures for ensuring transparency in financial transactions . The sharp differences among members of the Roman Curia were reportedly cited by a commission of investigating cardinals as one motivation for the unauthorized leaks of confidential Vatican correspondence . However Father Federico Lombardi , the director of the Vatican press office , denied that the new assignment for Msgr. Balestrero was connected with new reports on the `` Vatileaks '' investigation . The Vatican spokesman reminded reporters that the appointment of an apostolic nuncio is a time-consuming matter , since it entails obtaining approval from the government of the country to which he will be posted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8acda486180160ebfb15ba460d84fdee", "text": "Dictionnaire universel The Dictionnaire universel , contenant generalement tous les mots françois ( originally Dictionaire universel ) was a dictionary and encyclopedia compiled by Antoine Furetière and published posthumously in 1690 . Unlike the rival dictionary of the Académie française , finally published in 1694 , Furetière 's Dictionnaire included specialized technical and scientific vocabulary . It was also an encyclopedia of sorts in dealing with things as well as words . Despite having been banned in France , it was a commercial success and exerted an enormous influence on eighteenth-century French dictionaries and encyclopedias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9495b12b1fd35ad6567aafa241ab618c", "text": "Bible translations into Bulgarian The royal Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander is an illuminated manuscript Gospel Book in Middle Bulgarian , prepared and illustrated in 1355 -- 1356 for Tsar Ivan Alexander of the Second Bulgarian Empire . The manuscript is regarded as one of the most important manuscripts of medieval Bulgarian culture . The manuscript , now in the British Library ( Add . MS 39627 ) , contains the text of the Four Gospels illustrated with 366 miniatures and consists of 286 parchment folios , 33 by 24.3 cm in size . Bible translations into modern Bulgarian date from the 1820s and were largely organised by Protestant missionaries . The Bulgarian Orthodox Church initially preferring the continued use of Old Church Slavonic . The archimandrite Theodosius , abbot of the Bistritsa Monastery in Romania , translated the New Testament for the British and Foreign Bible Society , which was printed at St. Petersburg in 1823 . `` It was begun by the Archimandrite Theodosius , with the sanction of Gregory , Patriarch of Constantinople . ( St. Matthew 's Gospel in Church Slavic and Bulgarian 1823 ) was published by the Russian Bible Society . '' This attempt to translate the Bible into modern Bulgarian was characterized with poor grammatical style and was greatly influenced by the Church-Slavonic version . The entire edition was sent to Saint Petersburg and is said to have been destroyed there . The BFBS had also contracted nationalist journalist Konstantin Fotinov who translated the New Testament but the BFBS did not approve it because `` it was neither Slav -LSB- onic -RSB- nor Bulgarian '' . An independent attempt to publish a Bulgarian translation of the New Testament occurred in 1828 , as Petar Sapunov and his brother Father Serafim published a translation of the four gospels at the Bucharest metropolitan press in Wallachia ( Romania ) . This translation was completed in the Eastern Bulgarian dialect . In 1835 Bulgarian monk Neofit Rilski started a new translation of the New Testament . The translation was completed on April 18 , 1838 . The translation was done in the Bulgarian dialect from the area of Gorna Dzhumaya ( present day Blagoevgrad in the region of Macedonia ) . In 1840 5,000 copies of the first complete translation of the New Testament were printed in Smyrna by the British and Foreign Bible Society . A second edition which was printed in Smyrna in 1850 was an almost exact reprint of the 1840 edition . A third edition followed in 1853 with 15,000 copies . The fourth edition was published in 1857 in Bucharest , and for the first time civil characters type was used . In 1859 , two more editions were published . In 1866 , a new `` pocket '' edition with text revised by Elias Riggs and Dr. Albert Long was printed in Constantinople . The New Testament was revised and reprinted a total of nine times . In the period from 1840 to 1860 the Eastern ( Tarnovo ) dialect was adopted as literary Bulgarian language and the Macedonian dialect , in which the New Testament had been translated , was widely rejected . By 1858 Neofit Rilski had finished large portion of the Old Testament . Riggs met with Neofit Rilski and discussed a possible revision of the Bulgarian New Testament to remove the Macedonian dialect elements . Neofit objected the revision , so Riggs took the translation and returned to Constantinople . In January 1859 Riggs invited the Bulgarian teacher Hristodul Kostovich to help him with the revision . In 1862 Long and Riggs visited the noted Bulgarian writer and poet Petko Rachov Slaveykov in Tryavna . Slaveykov agreed to help with the translation and began the work on the revising of Neofit 's New Testament at once . Long joined the revision of the New Testament into the Eastern dialect in 1863 and later assisted with the translation of the Old Testament . In June 1871 , after more than 12 years of revision and translation , 36,000 copies of the complete Bible translation in Bulgarian were published in Constantinople . The translation came to be known as the Tsarigrad ( Constantinople ) edition . The decision to revise and publish the Bible in the Eastern dialect was the historical factor based on which the modern Bulgarian language departed from the Macedonian dialect to adopt the Eastern/Thracian dialect . With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 , several organizations attempted to provide a new translation of the Bible in Bulgarian . In 1993 a Protestant New Testament was printed . A complete new Orthodox translation was published in 1995 , followed by three new Protestant revisions of the Bulgarian Bible in the period of 2000 -- 2001 by publishing houses of Veren ( Faithful ) , Nov Chovek ( New Man ) and the Bible League . Jáni Vasilčin published in 1998 the New Testament in Banat Bulgarian language . The Banat Bulgarians are a Catholic minority group in western Romania and northeastern Serbia . Jehovah 's Witnesses have translated their New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures into Bulgarian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95dfbb28043511df1cb2c419ee7cf873", "text": "André Goosse André Goosse ( born 16 April 1926 in Liège ) is a Belgian grammarian . The son-in-law of Maurice Grevisse , he took over editing and updating Grevisse 's last book , Le Bon Usage . In 1988 , he married the Belgian writer France Bastia . Professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain , he is also the president of the Conseil international de la langue française . His earliest research was carried out on the work of the 14th century writer from Liège , Jean d'Outremeuse . His work , carried out under the direction of Omer Jodogne , turned into a thesis which he defended in 1959 , which was published in 1965 . Notable among his publications is a work exposing and commenting on the Les rectifications de l'orthographe ( `` corrections to orthography '' ) , which was a report published on 6 December 1990 in the Journal officiel de la République française . Goosse 's book , trying to make the debate less personal , was titled La `` nouvelle '' orthographe , Exposé et commentaires , published by Ed.Duculot in 1991 . ISBN 2-8011-0976-2 . The topic , according to Goosse , was less of a `` reform '' than of `` developments '' aimed at eliminating certain `` anomalies and absurdities '' as well as `` contradictions existing among dictionaries '' . Also noteworthy is Une langue , une communauté . Le français en Belgique , published in 1997 with Daniel Blampain , Jean-Marie Klinkenberg , Marc Wilmet ( `` One language , one community . French in Belgium '' ) . In Novembre 2007 , Goosse was the editor , at De Boeck , of the 14th edition of Le Bon Usage . This edition was a complete rewrite . `` This time '' , he told Belgian newspaper Le Soir , `` it 's like 2,000 pieces of a puzzle have been thrown into the air . Then , we had to rebuild . '' André Goosse was the secretary of the Académie de Langue et de Littérature françaises de Belgique ( Royal Academy of French Language and Literature in Belgium ) from 1996 until 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54611054fc9cfee98e5a20b8306981fa", "text": "Eurotra Eurotra was an ambitious machine translation project established and funded by the European Commission from 1978 until 1992 . Emboldened by modest success with an older , commercially developed machine translation system SYSTRAN , a large network of European computational linguists embarked upon the Eurotra project with the hope of creating a state-of-the-art MT system for the then seven , later nine , official languages of the European Community . However , as time passed , expectations became tempered ; `` Fully Automatic High Quality Translation '' was not a reasonably attainable goal . The true character of Eurotra was eventually acknowledged to be in fact pre-competitive research rather than prototype development . The project was motivated by one of the founding principles of the EU : that all citizens had the right to read any and all proceedings of the Commission in their own language . As more countries joined , this produced a combinatorial explosion in the number of language pairs involved , and the need to translate every paper , speech and even set of meeting minutes produced by the EU into the other eight languages meant that translation rapidly became the overwhelming component in the administrative budget . To solve this problem Eurotra was devised . The project was unusual in that rather than consisting of a single research team , it had member groups distributed around the member countries , organised along language rather than national lines ( for example , groups in Leuven and Utrecht worked closely together ) , and the secretariat was based at the European Commission in Luxembourg . While this contributed significantly to the culture of the project , it also demonstrated graphically Brooks ' assertion in The Mythical Man-Month that adding personnel to a project results in it taking longer to complete ; the more the number of groups involved , the more time is spent on administration and communication rather than actual research per se . The actual design of the project was unusual as MT projects go . Older systems , such as SYSTRAN , were heavily dictionary-based , with minor support for rearranging word order . More recent systems have often worked on a probabilistic approach , based on parallel corpora . Eurotra addressed the constituent structure of the text to be translated , going through first a syntactic parse followed by a second parse to produce a dependency structure followed by a final parse with a third grammar to produce what was referred to internally as Intermediate Representation ( IR ) . Since all three modules were implemented as Prolog programs , it would then in principle be possible to put this structure backwards through the corresponding modules for another language to produce a translated text in any of the other languages . However , in practice this was not in fact how language pairs were implemented . The first `` live '' translation occupied a 4Mb Microvax running Ultrix and C-Prolog for a complete weekend some time in early 1987 . The sentence , translated from English into Danish , was `` Japan makes computers '' . The main problem faced by the system was the generation of so-called `` Parse Forests '' - often a large number of different grammar rules could be applied to any particular phrase , producing hundreds , even thousands of ( often identical ) parse trees . This used up huge quantities of computer store , slowing the whole process down unnecessarily . While Eurotra never delivered a `` working '' MT system , the project made a far-reaching long-term impact on the nascent language industries in European member states , in particular among the southern countries of Greece , Italy , Spain , and Portugal . There is at least one commercial MT system ( developed by an academic/commercial consortium in Denmark ) derived from Eurotra technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b479cb30a5ba9e82d63cb0a46da91990", "text": "Comte de Gabalis Comte de Gabalis is a 17th-century French text by Abbé Nicolas-Pierre-Henri de Montfaucon de Villars ( 1635-1673 ) . The titular `` Comte de Gabalis '' ( `` Count of Cabala '' ) is an occultist who explains the mysteries of the world to the author . It first appeared in Paris in 1670 , anonymously , though the identity of the author came to be known . The original title as published by Claude Barbin was Le comte de Gabalis , ou entretiens sur les sciences secrètes , `` The Count of Cabala , Or Dialogs on the Secret Sciences '' . The book was widely read in France and abroad , and is a source for many of the `` marvelous beings '' that populate later European literature . French readers include Charles Baudelaire and Anatole France -- it was the main source for his At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque ( 1892 ) . In English literature , it influenced Alexander Pope , who borrowed from it to create the sylphs in The Rape of the Lock ( 1714 ) , and in German , it is a likely source for Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 's Undine . In recent times it has been considered by some to have been intended as a satire of occult philosophy , though in its time it was taken seriously by many readers . Many later authors have also taken it to be a serious source , including Edward Bulwer-Lytton and prominent occult writers such as Eliphas Levi , Helena Blavatsky , and M.P Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b0edb717448d64fda2d88503fb25a89", "text": "Grand Ricci Le Grand Ricci ( or Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise , Simplified Chinese : 利氏汉法辞典 ; Traditional Chinese : 利氏漢法辭典 ; pinyin : Lìshì Hàn-Fǎ cídiǎn ; literally : `` Dictionnaire chinois-français Ricci '' ( 2001 ) , from the name of the 15th century Italian missionary , Matteo Ricci . It is composed of seven volumes of more than 1,200 pages each , identifying 13,500 characters , and about 300,000 entries of terms and expressions . It is , therefore , the largest Chinese-French dictionary yet , and probably the largest dictionary of Chinese into a Western language . It has become widely known since its publication in 2001 , Le Grand Ricci is the most comprehensive up-to-date dictionary of Chinese into a modern Western language . Though it covers the whole history of Chinese language development , most of the dictionary deals with early and imperial period Chinese language usage . `` It is difficult to imagine any scholar in Chinese studies who will not eagerly welcome this new digital incarnation of the Le Grand Ricci . Le Grand Ricci is to all purposes the most comprehensive bilingual dictionary of Chinese in the Western world . It covers three millennia of the Chinese language , from the Classics to the modern age , and is encyclopedic in its scope . The compilers were able to draw on the full range of French sinological expertise in completing the project . Since its publication Le Grand Ricci has established itself as an indispensable reference tool . Now available online , and easily searchable , its functionality has only further increased . `` Wilt L. Idema . Research Professor of Chinese Literature , HarvardOn the 11th of May , 2010 , the DVD version was presented for the first time at the Shanghai Museum . The resources of the Ricci dictionary are available on Android phones and tablets and Apple IOS via Pleco Software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28b52775bf2caf1151e7a40b6109b707", "text": "Translations of One Thousand and One Nights The translations of One Thousand and One Nights have been made into virtually every major language of the world . They began with the French translation by Antoine Galland ( titled Les mille et une nuits , finished in 1717 ) . Galland 's translation was essentially an adapted Arabic manuscript of Syrian origins and oral tales recorded by him in Paris from a Maronite Arab from Aleppo named Youhenna Diab or Hanna Diab . The first English translation appeared in 1706 and was made from Galland 's version ; being anonymous , it is known as the Grub Street edition . It exists in two known copies kept in the Bodleian Library and in the Princeton University Library . Since then several English reissues appeared simultaneously in 1708 . As early as the end of the 18th century the English translation based on Galland was brought to Halifax , Montreal , Philadelphia , New York and Sydney . Galland-based English translations were superseded by that made by Edward William Lane in 1839 -- 41 . In the 1880s an unexpurgated and complete English translation , The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night , was made by Richard Francis Burton . The original scattered Arabic texts were collected in four corpuses : the so-called Calcutta I or the Shirwanee Edition ( 1814 -- 18 , 2 volumes ) , Bulaq or the Cairo Edition ( 1835 , 2 volumes ) , Breslau Edition ( 1825 -- 38 , 8 volumes ) and Calcutta II or the W.H. Macnaghten Edition ( 1839 -- 42 , 4 volumes ) . Some translations starting from Galland were censored due to lewd content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99aaaf2431f35e518db9a1da6cde56ad", "text": "Martin le Franc Martin le Franc ( c. 1410 -- 1461 ) was a French poet of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance . He was born in Normandy , and studied in Paris . He entered clerical orders , becoming an apostolic prothonotary , and later becoming secretary to both Antipope Felix V and Pope Nicholas V. He was named provost at Lausanne in 1443 , became canon of the Church of Geneva in 1447 . In 1451 he was employed by the Duke of Savoy , and he became administrator of the abbey of Novalèse in 1459 . Le Franc 's most famous work was his huge , 24,000-verse composition Le Champion des Dames ( The Champion of Women ) , dedicated to Philip the Good and dating from 1440 or 1442 ( first printed in Lyon in 1485 and again in Paris in 1530 ) . It recounts the nobility and deeds of many women throughout history , including Joan of Arc , and also fiercely attacks corruption in government as well as the hedonistic luxury of the aristocratic class . It was illuminated by Peronet Lamy . Martin le Franc is famous in music history for penning the phrase `` la contenance angloise '' , the English countenance , a much-debated phrase referring to a characteristically English sound found in the music of composers such as John Dunstaple . The `` countenance '' -- probably consonant , sweet intervals ( 3rds and 6ths ) which were predominant in the music of contemporary English composers -- was massively influential on the music of the Burgundian School during the period that Burgundy was allied with England . Another long poem by Le Franc is L'Estrif de Fortune et Vertu ( 1447-1448 ) , which was also moralistic and didactic , presenting a debate between Fortune and Virtue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "413acf11db41a24cc1408a1fcef9933c", "text": "Antoine Halley Antoine Halley ( 1593 -- 3 June 1675 ) was a French professor and poet . Halley was born at Bazenville near Bayeux . A professor of belles-lettres and Principal of the Collège du Bois , at the University of Caen , he succeeded Antoine Gosselin and distinguished himself from the age of twenty-two , by his eloquence and the brilliance of his teaching . He taught Latin poetry at the University of Caen , for nearly forty years . He cultivated Latin and French poetry and won the prize of the Immaculate Conception time and again so that the Académie des Sciences , Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen pleaded with him to quit competing . Halley had ties with Charles de la Rue and Huet , the bishop of Avranches . The latter urged him to publish his poems . Huet , in his Origines de Caen , hailed him as mentor : `` I am obliged to give this testimony of gratitude to Mr. Halley . I deem it one of the greatest joys of my life to have been his disciple at his home for five years . He trained my mind , he refined my taste , he gave me an understanding of good authors . He taught me an infinite number of rare and curious things . '' Halley , in the meantime , professed no less esteem for his former student , sending him a poem a propos his book De Interpretatione . He also published a Traité sur la grammaire latine , at Caen in 1652 . His collection of Poems is dedicated to the Duke of Montausier , the tutor of the dauphin and governor of Normandy . Cadomus , a play in which he paid tribute to all the literary celebrities born in his city , from Nicole Oresme , tutor of Charles V , to Pierre Patrix , the favorite poet of Gaston d'Orleans , is amongst his best . When the chancellor Pierre Séguier , who had subdued the Harelle revolt of 1640 with undue harshness , made his way to Caen , Halley sent him far too flattering a couplet for the occasion . In 1642 , he thanked him for having increased the privileges of the Académie de Caen , founded by Moisant de Brieux . He addressed the Dauphin a long letter in Latin verse reminding him about the origins of the kings of France and celebrating the Trojan kings Dardanus , Erichthonius , Tros , Ilus , Laomedon and Priam , the supposed ancestors of Louis XIV . A few letters written at Lisieux by Jean-Pierre Camus , the bishop of Belley have been found in his works . One of them is dated thus : `` At Lisieux , on November 22nd , the day of St. Cecilia , patron saint of music , sister of poetry . When the Duchesse de Longueville came to Caen in 1648 , Halley was commissioned to compose the verses that decorated the tables placed at city 's expense on the way of the Duchess and her two children . In 1649 , during the famous Jobelins and Uranists Quarrel , Aubert , the princess ' chaplain , sent him the Voiture and Benserade 's sonnets , to get his opinion , as the French Academy had refused to get involved . That grave matter had been evoked before the very king , queen and princes , who were not able to settle it . It was then agreed that it was necessary to submit it to Halley whose decision would be final . The latter found in favor of Voiture against Benserade , i.e. in favor of the Duchesse de Longueville . Pierre Bayle has proclaimed Halley to be `` one of the greatest poets of his century '' ; even if his French poetry is weak , his Latin rhymes lack neither ease nor elegance . La Rue , Huet , Gilles Ménage , Lesueur de Pétiville , Pierre Cailly , and Michel Gonfrey have composed Latin verses in his honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e95d44b98c0ddcae7a107e36541bcb50", "text": "François de La Rochefoucauld François de La Rochefoucauld may refer to : François de La Rochefoucauld ( writer ) ( 1613 -- 1680 ) , French author François de La Rochefoucauld ( cardinal ) ( 1558 -- 1645 ) , French cardinal of the Catholic Church François de La Rochefoucauld , marquis de Montendre ( 1672 -- 1739 ) , Field Marshal of the British Army François Alexandre Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld , Duke of La Rochefoucauld ( 1747 -- 1827 ) , French social reformer François , duc de La Rochefoucauld ( 1765 -- 1848 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c024d3a438a2e5fc0de97d7a4433d5ca", "text": "Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan ( also seen as de Pisan ; -LSB- kʁistin də pizɑ̃ -RSB- ; 1364 -- c. 1430 ) was an Italian French late medieval author . She served as a court writer for several dukes ( Louis of Orleans , Philip the Bold of Burgundy , and John the Fearless of Burgundy ) and the French royal court during the reign of Charles VI . She wrote both poetry and prose works such as biographies and books containing practical advice for women . She completed forty-one works during her 30-year career from 1399 to 1429 . She married in 1380 at the age of 15 , and was widowed 10 years later . Much of the impetus for her writing came from her need to earn a living to support her mother , a niece and her two surviving children . She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy , and wrote entirely in her adopted language , Middle French . Her early courtly poetry is marked by her knowledge of aristocratic custom and fashion of the day , particularly involving women and the practice of chivalry . Her early and later allegorical and didactic treatises reflect both autobiographical information about her life and views and also her own individualized and humanist approach to the scholastic learned tradition of mythology , legend , and history she inherited from clerical scholars and to the genres and courtly or scholastic subjects of contemporary French and Italian poets she admired . Supported and encouraged by important royal French and English patrons , she influenced 15th-century English poetry . Her success stems from a wide range of innovative writing and rhetorical techniques that critically challenged renowned writers such as Jean de Meun , author of the Romance of the Rose , which she criticized as immoral . In recent decades , Christine de Pizan 's work has been returned to prominence by the efforts of scholars such as Charity Cannon Willard , Earl Jeffrey Richards and Simone de Beauvoir . Certain scholars have argued that she should be seen as an early feminist who efficiently used language to convey that women could play an important role within society . This characterization has been challenged by other critics , who say that it is either an anachronistic use of the word or a misinterpretation of her writing and intentions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e2fc1aa9eb5c95c34256835f634b5fb8", "text": "Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn ( Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae or , more commonly , The Golden Dawn ( Aurora Aurea ) ) was an organization devoted to the study and practice of the occult , metaphysics , and paranormal activities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Known as a magical order , the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn was active in Great Britain and focused its practices on theurgy and spiritual development . Many present-day concepts of ritual and magic that are at the centre of contemporary traditions , such as Wicca and Thelema , were inspired by the Golden Dawn , which became one of the largest single influences on 20th-century Western occultism . The three founders , William Robert Woodman , William Wynn Westcott , and Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers , were Freemasons and members of Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia ( S.R.I.A. ) . Westcott appears to have been the initial driving force behind the establishment of the Golden Dawn . The Golden Dawn system was based on hierarchy and initiation like the Masonic Lodges ; however women were admitted on an equal basis with men . The `` Golden Dawn '' was the first of three Orders , although all three are often collectively referred to as the `` Golden Dawn '' . The First Order taught esoteric philosophy based on the Hermetic Qabalah and personal development through study and awareness of the four Classical Elements as well as the basics of astrology , tarot divination , and geomancy . The Second or `` Inner '' Order , the Rosae Rubeae et Aureae Crucis ( the Ruby Rose and Cross of Gold ) , taught magic , including scrying , astral travel , and alchemy . The Third Order was that of the `` Secret Chiefs '' , who were said to be highly skilled ; they supposedly directed the activities of the lower two orders by spirit communication with the Chiefs of the Second Order .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "61cbe42253f7f2dbefc89e1e08f128fa", "text": "Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States . The movement began around 1790 , gained momentum by 1800 and , after 1820 , membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement . It was past its peak by the late 1850s . The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm , emotion , and an appeal to the super-natural . It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment . The revivals enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations . Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age . The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ . Historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s . These revivals were part of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across Europe at the time , mainly throughout England , Scotland , and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "567559469974b00a42a186d5c51371b8", "text": "Carl Adolf Boheman Carl Adolf Andersson Boheman ( 3 September 1764 -- 14 April 1831 ) , was a Swedish mystic , Freemason , merchant and royal secretary . Boheman was born in Jönköping as the son of city Councillor Anders Bohman and Regina Katarina Schelle . Early on , he became a member of the Masonic Lodge . There is a legend that Boheman assisted count Axel von Fersen the Younger in his attempt to help the French royal family to escape during the Flight to Varennes in 1791 , and that he founded a fortune by stealing the jewelry box of Marie Antoinette . This is probably without foundation . Boheman lived in Denmark during the 1790s , where he worked for the Masonic `` The Enlightened of Avignon '' or D.E.L.U. ( deus est lux universalis ) , on the commission of its grand master Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel . As such , he visited Sweden on several occasions , during which he was presented by Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm to Duke Charles , the grand master of the Swedish Freemasons , who made him his secretary . Boheman acquired a great deal of influence upon Prince Charles and his consort , Duchess Charlotte , who were both interested in mystic and the occult . In 1802 , Boheman founded the Masonic lodge Gula Rosen ( Yellow Rose ) . This Masonic lodge was open to both sexes , and among its members he inducted , except for the prince and princess , the queen 's mother Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt , count Erik Ruuth , Charlotte Wahrendorff , count Magnus Fredrik Brahe and Catharina Ulrica Koskull . In 1803 , he attempted to initiate the king , Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden , which led to the Boheman Affair , which damaged the relationship between the Ducal couple and the king . Gustav IV Adolf feared Boheman , after a warning from Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt , who pointed out Boheman as a member of the Illuminati and the Yellow Rose as a society of conspirators . The King had Boheman arrested , the Duke and Duchess questioned , banned secret societies at court , forced Duke Charles to excluded Boheman from the Freemasons and had Boheman exiled for crimes against national safety . He was banished from Denmark as well and forced to continue to Germany . He returned to Sweden in 1814 and asked for compensation , but was banished again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcbae6607406c9e7a745f9f4d5fa2339", "text": "History of infantry Although the term infantry dates from the 15th century , the foot troops of the previous eras in history who fought with a variety of weapons before the introduction of the firearms are also referred to as infantry . During the Ancient and Middle Ages Infantry were categorized by the types of weapons and armour they used , such as heavy , medium , and light infantry . Since the introduction of firearms , classifications have changed initially to reflect their formations on the battlefield as line infantry , and later to reflect modes of transport and type of tactics used by specific units as Mechanized infantry or airborne infantry . The word infantry was borrowed into other Romance languages from the Latin infantem , originally `` a youth '' who as an infante , a `` foot soldier '' who served in groups composed of those soldiers who were too-inexperienced or too low in rank for membership to the cavalry . As a meaning for an organised type of combat troops , the word dates to 1579 in the French infantrie and Spanish infanteria . However , in military history it has become a common English term to apply to troops from earlier historical periods . With the notable exception of the Mongol Empire , infantry has represented the largest component in most armies of the past , and the present . While the specific weapons have varied , the common factor is that these soldiers have relied on their feet for tactical movements , but since the introduction of the rail and motor transport have been operationally transported behind the front-lines , and have made use of strategic airlift with the introduction of aircraft into warfare . During Ancient history , infantry was essentially an armed mob , fighting in loosely organized opposing lines , under the vocal direction of individual commanders in the immediate vicinity of the troops ' hearing range . However , the benefits of uniform , equipment , weaponry and , above all , training led to the development of formations able to carry out pre-arranged tactical maneuvers in the heat of battle . Since that time , infantry organization has focused on finding a balance between heavily armed formations that emphasise firepower and ability to withstand direct assaults , and more lightly armed but also more mobile units able to manoeuvre around the battlefield faster , to exploit tactical opportunities . Mobility , armament , and protection have been the three competing primary factors that complement and compete in the balanced approach to development of infantry doctrine throughout history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ecdbac8b4e00bca0770aa7e2202ff92", "text": "Swedenborg Rite The Swedenborg Rite or Rite of Swedenborg was a fraternal order modeled on Freemasonry and based upon the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg . It comprised six Degrees : Apprentice , Fellow Craft , Master Neophyte , Illuminated Theosophite , Blue Brother , and Red Brother . It was created in Avignon in 1773 by the Marquis de Thorn . It was initially a political organization , whose aims might bring freemasonry into disrepute , although the political ideology was eventually discarded from the rite . This version of the Swedenborg Rite died out within a decade of its founding . Starting in the 1870s , the Rite was resurrected as an hermetic organization . This version faded out sometime around 1908 . In 1982 a patent of the Swedenborg Rite was transmitted by the English Freemason Desmond Bourke , in his office at the British Museum , to Masonic author Michele Moramarco , who after revising the rituals by Bourke 's permission revived that tradition in Italy under the title of `` Antico Rito Noachita '' ( `` Ancient Noachide Rite '' )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c083fa4fd956975bbdf6e0beb1dd197", "text": "Modern converts to Christianity from Judaism The number of post-Mendelssohnian Jews who abandoned their ancestral faith is very large . According to Heman in Herzog-Hauck , `` Real-Encyc . '' ( x. 114 ) , the number of converts during the 19th century exceeded 100,000 ; Salmon , in his Handbuch der Mission ( 1893 , p. 48 ) , claims 130,000 ; others ( `` Divre Emeth , '' 1880 , p. 47 ; 1883 , p. 187 ) claim as many as 250,000 . For Russia alone 40,000 are claimed as having been converted from 1836 to 1875 ( `` Missionsblatt des Rheinisch-Westphälischen Vereins für Israel , '' 1878 , p. 122 ) ; while for England , up to 1875 , the estimate is 50,000 ( Johannes Friedrich Alexander de le Roi , `` Die Evangelische Christenheit und die Juden , '' iii . 60 ) . Modern conversions mainly occurred en masse and at critical periods . In England there was a large secession when the chief Sephardic families , the Bernals , Furtados , Ricardos , Disraelis , Ximenes , Lopez 's , Uzziellis , and others , joined the Church ( see Picciotto , `` Sketches of Anglo-Jewish History '' ) . Germany had three of these periods . The Mendelssohnian era was marked by numerous conversions . In 1811 , David Friedlander handed Prussian State Chancellor Hardenberg a list of 32 Jewish families and 18 unmarried Jews who had recently abandoned their ancestral faith ( Rabbi Abraham Geiger , `` Vor Hundert Jahren , '' Brunswick , 1899 ) . In the reign of Frederick William III. , about 2,200 Jews were baptized ( 1822 -- 1840 ) , most of these being residents of the larger cities . The 3rd and longest period of secession was the anti-Semitic , beginning with the year 1880 . During this time the other German states , besides Austria and France , had an equal share in the number of those who obtained high stations and large revenues as the price for renouncing Judaism . The following is a list of the more prominent modern converts , the rarity of French names in which is probably because conversion was not necessary to a public career in that country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c17398ae997708bab5b5ac7b6abdb89e", "text": "Règlement Organique (Mount Lebanon) The Règlement Organique ( `` Organic Regulation '' ) was a series of international conventions , between 1860 and 1864 , between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers , which led to the creation of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate . The 1860 Lebanon conflict led France to intervene and stop the massacre after Ottoman troops had been aiding Islamic forces by either direct support or by disarming Christian forces . France , led by Napoleon III , recalled its ancient role as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire which was established in a treaty in 1523 . Following the massacre and an international outcry , the Ottoman Empire agreed on 3 August 1860 to the dispatch of up to 12,000 European soldiers to reestablish order . The region of Syria was then part of the Ottoman Empire . The agreement was further formalized in a convention on 5 September 1860 with Austria , Great Britain , France , Prussia and Russia . France was to supply half of that number , and other countries were to send supplementary forces as needed . The agreement was signed in Paris on 5 September 1860 . An important consequence of the French expedition was the establishment of the autonomy of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate from Syria , with the nomination by the Sultan of an Armenian Christian Governor from Constantinople named Daud Pasha on 9 June 1861 . On the same day , through a further agreement , termed the Beyoglu Protocol , signed between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers in Beyoğlu , Istanbul , gave that agreement international recognition . The protocol was introduced initially for a period of three years . In September 1864 , a further convention was signed , which confirmed the permanent character of the statute and made minor changes to it . An additional Maronite district was formed and the council under the governor was reorganised ( it now had twelve members-four Maronites , three Druzes , three Greek Orthodoxes and Greek Uniates , one Sunnite and one Shi'a ) . The Règlement Organique of Lebanon remained in that form up till 1914 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f4ffebc7194a89eca03319b50b852", "text": "1910s The 1910s ( pronounced `` nineteen-tens '' , also abbreviated as the `` teens '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1910 , and ended on December 31 , 1919 . The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century . The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade , as well as the legacy of military alliances , was forever changed by the assassination , on June 28 , 1914 , of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . The murder triggered a chain of events in which , within 33 days , World War I broke out in Europe on August 1 , 1914 . The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11 , 1918 , leading to the controversial , one-sided Treaty of Versailles , which was signed on June 28 , 1919 . The war 's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia , Germany , China , Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary , with the latter splintered into Austria , Hungary , southern Poland ( who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia ) , Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia . However , each of these states ( with the possible exception of Yugoslavia ) had large German and Hungarian minorities , there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades . ( See Dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire : Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter . ) The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries . The Mexican Revolution spearheaded the trend in November 1910 , which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz , developing into a violent civil war that dragged on until mid-1920 , not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified . Russia also had a similar fate , since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos . This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism , which was later renamed as communism . Like the Mexican Revolution , the Russian Revolution of 1917 , known as the October Revolution , immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1922 . Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed . Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors . Prohibition in the United States began January 16 , 1919 , with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dbfa680be3f491a407e22520c5d3c71", "text": "Custody of the Holy Land The Custody of the Holy Land ( Latin : Custodia Terræ Sanctæ ) is a custodian priory of the Franciscan order in Jerusalem , founded as Province of the Holy Land in 1217 by Saint Francis of Assisi , who also founded the Franciscan Order . Its mission is to guard `` the grace of the Holy Places '' of the Holy Land and the rest of the Middle East , `` sanctified by the presence of Jesus '' , as well as pilgrims visiting them , on behalf of the Catholic Church . The Custodial Curia was led by Custos Fr . Pierbattista Pizzaballa since 2004 , with the approval of the Holy See ; since 2016 , the chief custodian is Francesco Patton . Its headquarters are located in the Monastery of Saint Saviour , a 16th-century Franciscan monastery near the New Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem . The Franciscan presence in the Holy Land traces back to 1217 with Frater Elias of Cortona as Minister . By 1229 , the friars had a small house near the fifth station of the Via Dolorosa . In 1272 , Sultan Baibars of Egypt permitted the Franciscans to settle in the Cenacle on Mount Zion . The Custodian subsequently came to be described as the `` Guardian of Mount Zion in Jerusalem '' . From 1309 settling in Bethlehem and the Holy Sepulchre along with the Canons Regular , in 1342 they were officially declared custodians of the Holy Places in the name of the Catholic Church by the Papal bulls Gratiam agimus and Nuper charissimae by Pope Clement VI . After the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1291 , the title of Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem was vested in the Custody ex officio in Rome , while resuming its activities in the Holy Land , including surveiling the accolades of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre 1342-1489 until its Grand Magistry was vested in the papacy . Following the restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem as residential episcopal see in 1847 , the Patriarch henceforth additionally assumed the position of the order 's ecclesiastical superior , eventually supplanting the Custody of the Holy land as Grand Prior of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre . The Custody of the Holy Land has repeatedly expressed concern about the survival of the Christians in the Holy Land , including the strained situation for Christians in the rest of the Middle East .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71403800f2dde9101b46bdb7eec4b5cc", "text": "Priory of Sion The Prieuré de Sion ( French : IPA/API : -LSB- pʁijœʁe də sjɔ̃ -RSB- ) , translated as Priory of Sion , is the name given to a fringe fraternal organisation , founded and dissolved in France in 1956 by Pierre Plantard as part of a hoax . In the 1960s , Plantard created a fictitious history for that organization , describing it as a secret society founded by Godfrey of Bouillon on Mount Zion in the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1099 , conflating it with a genuine historical monastic order , the Abbey of Our Lady of Mount Zion . In Plantard 's version , the Priory was devoted to installing a secret bloodline of the Merovingian dynasty on the thrones of France and the rest of Europe . This myth was expanded upon and popularised by the 1982 pseudohistorical book The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail and later claimed as factual in the preface of the 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code . After becoming a cause célèbre from the late 1960s to the 1980s , the mythical Priory of Sion was exposed as a ludibrium created by Plantard as a framework for his claim of being the Great Monarch prophesied by Nostradamus . Evidence presented in support of its historical existence and activities before 1956 was discovered to have been forged and then planted in various locations around France by Plantard and his accomplices . Nevertheless , many conspiracy theorists still persist in believing that the Priory of Sion is an age-old cabal that conceals a subversive secret . The Priory of Sion myth has been exhaustively debunked by journalists and scholars as one of the great hoaxes of the 20th century . Some skeptics have expressed concern that the proliferation and popularity of books , websites and films inspired by this hoax have contributed to the subject of conspiracy theories , pseudohistory and other confusions becoming more mainstream . Others are troubled by the romantic reactionary ideology unwittingly promoted in these works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2de39b568165a8b7cde4576f9541b8b", "text": "Henri Antoine Jules-Bois Henri Antoine Jules-Bois ( or simply Jules Bois ; 29 September 1868 , Marseille -- 2 July 1943 , New York ) , was a French writer with an interest in the occult . He wrote Le Satanisme et la magie ( Satanism and Magic ) . He was a noted friend of McGregor Mathers , the founder of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn . In a 1909 essay for The New York Times , Bois successfully predicted the rise of suburbia , the onset of gender equality and technical innovations such as a flying bicycle ( though he overestimated its success ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f05c223e2ecfe8a1e31fabd4e4c74ba", "text": "History of Hinduism History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent , most of whom live in modern-day India , Nepal , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Afghanistan . Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali . Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India . It has thus been called the `` oldest living religion '' in the world . Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no single founder or source . The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development , with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE . The subsequent period , between 800 BCE and 200 BCE , is `` a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions '' , and a formative period for Hinduism , Jainism and Buddhism . The Epic and Early Puranic period , from c. 200 BCE to 500 CE , saw the classical `` Golden Age '' of Hinduism ( ( c. 320-650 CE ) , which coincides with the Gupta Empire . In this period the six branches of Hindu philosophy evolved , namely Samkhya , Yoga , Nyaya , Vaisheshika , Mīmāṃsā , and Vedanta . Monotheistic sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhakti movement . The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period or early Middle Ages , in which classical Puranic Hinduism is established , and Adi Shankara 's Advaita Vedanta , which incorporated Buddhist thought into Vedanta , marking a shift from realistic to idealistic thought . Hinduism under both Hindu and Islamic rulers from c. 1200 to 1750 CE , saw the increasing prominence of the Bhakti movement , which remains influential today . The colonial period saw the emergence of various Hindu reform movements partly inspired by western movements , such as Unitarianism and Theosophy . The Partition of India in 1947 was along religious lines , with the Republic of India emerging with a Hindu majority . During the 20th century , due to the Indian diaspora , Hindu minorities have formed in all continents , with the largest communities in absolute numbers in the United States and the United Kingdom . In the Republic of India , Hindu nationalism has emerged as a strong political force since the 1980s , the Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Government of India from 1999 to 2004 , and its first state government in South India in 2006 , and also the Narendra Modi led Government from 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a912c1729b7a814d35605475ac21fb8f", "text": "Antisemitic League of France The Antisemitic League of France ( Ligue antisémitique de France ) was founded in 1889 by the journalist Edouard Drumont . First known under the name of Ligue nationale antisémitique de France ( National Antisemitic League of France ) or Ligue antisémite française ( French Antisemitic League ) , this nationalist league was particularly active during the Dreyfus Affair . Beside spreading anti-Semitic propaganda , the League was also anti-Masonry and anti-Communist . It had as general delegates Jacques de Biez . Jules Guérin was an active member of it . The League was located on rue Lepic in Paris . Its 1889 foundation was inspired by the success of Drumont 's antisemitic pamphlet La France juive ( 1886 ) , and also by the Boulangist crisis . It was supported by newspapers such as Drumont 's La Libre Parole ; Jules Guérin 's French weekly L'Antijuif ( fr ) ( Paris , 1896-1902 ) ; the daily La Cocarde ( fr ) ( 1888-1907 ) founded by Georges de Labruyère ( fr ) and edited September 1894 - March 1895 by Maurice Barrès ; Henri Rochefort 's L'Intransigeant ; and the Catholic newspaper La Croix . Beside propaganda , the League also organized antisemitic demonstrations and provoked some riots , a method later generalized by the far-right leagues in France . It denounced the Panama scandals , took side against Alfred Dreyfus and spread conspiracy theories concerning the Masonry 's alleged activities in the Third Republic . After a disagreement between Drumont and Guérin in 1899 , the League became , under the direction of Guérin , the Grand Occident de France , still antisemitic but even more anti-Masonic , the name itself being a reaction against the Masonic Grand Orient de France . It was thereafter essentially linked to Guérin 's newspaper , L'Antijuif . The League progressively disappeared after the `` Fort Chabrol '' affair and the arrest of Guérin . After an initial surge during the Dreyfus Affair , far right leagues appeared again during the interwar period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d810f4c40c6ae8b6a01096b33aec91", "text": "Knights and Ladies of Honor The Knights and Ladies of Honor were an American fraternal benefit organizations in the late 19th and early twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95b6d9ca2b726fb66d26089aa3d58e4d", "text": "Islam in Albania (1913–1944) Islam in Albania ( 1913 -- 1944 ) was characterised by an increasing secularisation of Albanian society which had begun with Albanian Independence in 1912 carrying on influences from the Albanian National Awakening . During the interwar period , new local Muslim institutions such as the Muslim Community of Albania arose that severed ties with the Ottoman Caliphate and placed a focus on localising Islam in Albania . The Albanian state also played a significant role in that process through state interference and pressuring the uptake of reforms by those institutions and wider Muslim society . Measures that were adopted were banning the veil and others which were interpreted as modernising Albania . These events caused tensions within parts of Muslim society between conservatives and those who viewed themselves as progressives which caused discussions and reflections about the future role of Islam in Albania and Albanian identity . The interwar era also saw Sufi Islam expand in Albania with various orders gaining new adherents with the largest , the Bektashi Order moving its world headquarters to Albania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6763234d0f74973d64bd3323600567d0", "text": "Greek National Awakening The concept and term `` National Awakening '' ( in Greek Εθνική αφύπνιση ) is used by many historians , intellectuals and lay authors to refer to the revival of the Greek national self-conscious , or modern Greek nationalism , which paved the way to the Greek Revolution of 1821 . Whereas most authors do not define the exact time-frame of this period , it is generally agreed that this awakening ( or revival ) occurred in the 18th century . According to the Greek historian Nikos Svoronos ( 1911-1989 ) , the period of the Greek National Awakening is 1715-1821 . The periodization of exhibits in the National Historical Museum of Athens sets the beginning of the Awakening era at 1670 . Other authors put the onset of this period in the mid 18th century . For example , a series of historical presentations by academic historians in the Greek State Television ( ERT ) , defined as `` National Awakening '' period the years 1750-1821 . The Greek -- as well as other Balkan nations ' -- awakening was generated by internal and external forces . Opposition to the Ottomans was the main internal impetus . The main external factor was the assistance from Russia , on the ground of the common religion and long historical bonds . Since the fall of Constantinople to the Turks , the Greek national aspirations for liberation were expressed in the form of popular oracle and prophecies , some of them alleging to the intervention of fair-haired people ( xanthon genos ) to help Greeks . In 1656 a prominent Greek clergyman interpreted the `` fair-haired people '' as the Russians . With the emergence of Russia as a big power in Eastern Europe , the Greek-Russian ties assumed a military and political dimension . Beginning with the 1711 Pruth Campaign , Peter the Great called for the cooperation of all Orthodox people under the Russian leadership , to fight for `` the belief and the fatherland '' . After this campaign , the sultan appointed Greek Phanariots as governors of the Ottoman vassal territories of Wallachia and Moldavia . The Phanariots introduced an enlighted reform in their principalities , and produced a line of educated Greek and Balkan scholars who contributed to the national awakening of their respective countries . The Greek communities in Russia , as well as in the Western and Central Europe , were also a key factor to the Greek awakening . After the Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji ( 1774 ) Russia assumed the role of protector of the Orthodox people subjects of the Ottoman Empire . After Peter the Great , Catherine II envisaged a `` Greek Project '' which involved a revival of a Greek state with Constantinople as capital , to be ruled by her grandson Constantine . The Russian expansionist policy greatly facilitated the modern Greek awakening , catalyzing key components such as military resistance , political activism , commercial growth , educational and cultural progress . Russia 's wars against the Ottoman Empire in 18th early 19th century ( 1711 , 1737 -- 39 , 1768 -- 74 , 1787 -- 92 , 1806 -- 12 ) , as well as the short-lived Russian occupation of the Ionian islands after the Napoleonic wars , nourished the Greek tradition of armed resistance to the Ottomans and helped Greeks to receive fighting experience . The most important Russian influenced revolutionary activities of the Greeks in 18th c. were the failed Orlov expedition in 1769-1770 and the Lambros Katsonis ' flotilla raids against the Turks in 1778-1792 . Other independence movements of the 18th century , were those of the Souli and Souliotes . Counter to the `` national awakening '' historiographic view is the one that emphasizes the importance of the French Revolution and Napoleon in the Greek and other Balkan national movements . Among the eminent works of this school in the 20th century are those of the Romanian historian N. Iorga ( 1934 ) and the Greeks A. Daskalakis ( 1937 ) , N. Moschopoulos ( 1939 ) and other subsequent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef8bb334675772b19a7ac19f8aeeae0a", "text": "Hasidic Judaism Hasidism , sometimes Hasidic Judaism ( , hasidut , Ashkenazi pronunciation : -LSB- χaˈsidus -RSB- ; originally , `` piety '' ) , is a Jewish religious sect . It arose as a spiritual revival movement in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , what is now contemporary Western Ukraine , during the 18th century and spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe . Today , most affiliates reside in the United States , Israel , and Britain . Israel Ben Eliezer , the `` Baal Shem Tov '' , is regarded as its founding father , and his disciples developed and disseminated it . Present-day Hasidism is a sub-group within Ultra-Orthodox ( `` Haredi '' ) Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion . Its members adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice -- with the movement 's own unique emphases -- and the traditions of Eastern European Jews , so much that many of the latter , including various garments or the use of the Yiddish language , are nowadays associated almost exclusively with Hasidism . Hasidic thought draws heavily on Lurianic Kabbalah and to an extent is a popularization of it . Teachings emphasize God 's immanence in the universe , the need to cleave and be one with Him at all times , the devotional aspect of religious practice , and the spiritual dimension of corporeality and mundane acts . Hasidim , the adherents of Hasidism , are organized in independent sects known as `` courts '' or dynasties , each headed by its own hereditary leader , a Rebbe . Reverence and submission to the Rebbe are key tenets , as he is considered a spiritual authority with whom the follower must bond to gain closeness to God . The various `` courts '' share basic convictions , but operate apart and possess unique traits and customs . Affiliation is often retained in families for generations , and being Hasidic is as much a sociological factor , entailing birth into a specific community and allegiance to a dynasty of Rebbes , as it is a purely religious one . There are several `` courts '' with many thousands of member households each , and dozens of smaller ones . The total number of Hasidim , both adults and children , is estimated to be above 400,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "126eaf1b8717fef673e434dedaefe23c", "text": "Talisman A talisman is an object believed to contain certain magical properties thought to draw good luck to the possessor , or offer the possessor protection from possible evil or harm . According to the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn , a magical order active in the United Kingdom during the late-19th and early-20th centuries , a talisman is `` a magical figure charged with the force which it is intended to represent . '' The Order also cautions that one must take great care in creating a talisman , making sure that the physical item 's symbolism closely represents the intended purpose of the talisman . The Order notes that the forces depicted by the item `` should be in exact harmony with those you wish to attract , and the more exact the symbolism , the easier it is to attract the force . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05325d2864eeb551bd2a548c332c397d", "text": "Order of Good Cheer The Order of Good Cheers ( French : L'Ordre de Bon Temps ) , was originally a French Colonial Order founded by suggestion of Samuel de Champlain upon arrival in New France , present day Canada . The Order of Good Cheer , was founded at Port-Royal , Nova Scotia and was originally chartered under the Royal auspices of the Baron de Poutrincourt and Pierre Dugua , Sieur de Mons . The Order 's practices were established by the first Chief Steward Marc Lescarbot . On May 11 , 2001 , the Speaker of the House in Nova Scotia , Canada , the Hon. Murray Scott reaffirmed official recognition of the Order in Canada as grant of the Province under the custodianship of the Nova Scotia Ministry of Heritage . According to resolution 1111 , the minimum condition of membership to the Order is that a pledge to visit Nova Scotia must be made . The Order is generally presented in recognition of individuals valued by the Province of Nova Scotia or in honour of the Acadian tradition in Canada . One becomes a member of the Order of Good Cheer by receiving an invitation from the Province of Nova Scotia or by a Chevalier / Member of the Order . It was after an impossible winter at Ste. Croix Island where many of the first French settlers in North America died of scurvy that the French fur trading colony relocated across the Baie Française ( Bay of Fundy ) , settling the following year in a location they named Port-Royal . At the time it was believed that `` land sickness '' ( now known as scurvy ) was caused by idleness , so Champlain organized the Order to include not just food , but also entertainment . The first meeting , which took place on November 14 , 1606 , included a theatrical performance called `` Le Theatre de Neptune en la Nouvelle-France '' . The play told the story of sailors travelling to the New World , only to encounter Neptune , god of the sea on the way . The Baron de Poutrincourt , Intendant to the King of France in North America , had been on an expedition on the Atlantic coast to the coast of present-day Maine , and , on the occasion of his return to the fort at Port-Royal , the Order was founded at a glorious reception , the preparations for which reportedly involved all those remaining at Port-Royal . His return on the 14th of November , 1606 , is a date to remember in the annals of the New World , as the establishment of the first North American order of chivalry and the birth of the Nouveau Noblesse of New France . The feasting of the Order occurred weekly and continued throughout the winter until the last of March , only to recommence annually in the Fall . The first toast of the Order made by the Baron de Poutrincourt : Quoting Lescarbot , the French historian François-Edme Rameau de Saint-Père writes : Poutrincourt returned from his excursion on the 14th November , 1606 ; Lescarbot , who was always full of ideas , and who knew , no doubt , the useful part to be obtained by exterior demonstrations , foresaw to prepare for his honor a quasi - triumphal return from his voyage ; Nature itself has already furnished the principle -LSB- sic -RSB- initiative , and advantage of it had been taken , everywhere were decorations and garlands of natural green ; a magnificent forest hid the rusticity of wooden buildings and huts ; even a theatre was built where allegoric scenes were represented ; there was a feast , a discharge of musketry , and as much noise as could be made by some fifty men , joined by a few Indians , whose families served as spectators . In 1606 , there were less than 70 men at Port-Royal . Lescarbot states that , in total , about 50 Frenchmen , joined by Indians , participated in the welcoming home of Poutrincourt and the first gathering of the Order . However only fifteen men of birth are recognized as founding the Order . These would have been the only men present at the time of sufficient social standing with whom Champlain and the Baron de Poutrincourt would care to dine . The guests of the Order likely sat at other tables , probably getting equally good dinners as the rest , but without being recognized as official members of the Order . Likely everyone at the settlement took part in the staging of `` Le Théâtre de Neptune en la Nouvelle-France , '' written by Lescarbot and performed at the first celebration Order , which was the first theatrical performance in North America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5664af0ecff86162997589169b4068ff", "text": "Freemasonry in France Freemasonry in France has been influential on the worldwide Masonic movement due to its founding of Continental Freemasonry . There are many and varied Masonic rites and obediences in France . The main male-only masonic organisations are the Grande Loge de France and the Grande Loge Nationale Française , the main female-only organisation is the Women 's Grand Lodge Of France , and the main mixed organisations are now the Grand Orient de France and the Droit Humain . Other organisations exist such as the Felicitaries .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b32b95bf5cf758eabea1cc9835f6946c", "text": "Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements . He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 . The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s . Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0029bad544ce3423542651dd7f515c7", "text": "On the Waterfront On the Waterfront is a 1954 American crime drama film directed by Elia Kazan and written by Budd Schulberg . It stars Marlon Brando and features Karl Malden , Lee J. Cobb , Rod Steiger , Pat Henning , and , in her film debut , Eva Marie Saint . The soundtrack score was composed by Leonard Bernstein . The film was suggested by `` Crime on the Waterfront '' by Malcolm Johnson , a series of articles published in November-December 1948 in the New York Sun which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting , but the screenplay by Budd Schulberg is directly based on his own original story . The film focuses on union violence and corruption amongst longshoremen while detailing widespread corruption , extortion , and racketeering on the waterfronts of Hoboken , New Jersey . On the Waterfront was a critical and commercial success and received twelve Academy Award nominations , winning eight , including Best Picture , Best Actor for Brando , Best Supporting Actress for Saint , and Best Director for Kazan . In 1997 it was ranked by the American Film Institute as the eighth-greatest American movie of all time and in AFI 's 2007 list it was ranked 19th . It is Bernstein 's only original film score not adapted from a stage production with songs . In 1989 , On the Waterfront was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "34886f976d731b779b81445f9bac8347", "text": "Willie Dynamite Willie Dynamite is a 1974 American blaxploitation film , starring Roscoe Orman , Diana Sands , Thalmus Rasulala , Joyce Walker , and was released by Universal Pictures . The eponymous Willie Dynamite is a pimp in New York City , who strives to be number one in the city . As he is trying to do so , a social worker named Cora , is trying to change his ways - as well as those of the women who work for him - for the better . It was the first film produced by the Zanuck-Brown Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12230bc07fa65b8a4ad81c99aec40d7", "text": "Rialto Pictures Rialto Pictures is a film distributor founded in 1997 by Bruce Goldstein . A year later , Adrienne Halpern joined him as partner . In 2002 , Eric Di Bernardo became the company 's National Sales Director . It was described as `` the gold standard of reissue distributors '' by Los Angeles Times/NPR film critic Kenneth Turan . In 1999 , Rialto received a special Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics , and in 2000 received a special award from the New York Film Critic 's Circle , presented to Goldstein and Halpern by Jeanne Moreau . The two co-presidents have each received the French Order of Chevalier of Arts and Letters . During the past decade , Rialto Pictures has become one of the great names in film distribution . In 2002 , the company released the critically acclaimed first-run film Murderous Maids , the chilling true story of two homicidal sisters , starring Sylvie Testud . Rialto celebrated a record-breaking 2004 with the previously unreleased , original 1954 Japanese version of Ishiro Honda 's Godzilla ; Peter Davis 's Oscar-winning and newly restored 1974 documentary Hearts and Minds ; and Gillo Pontecorvo 's groundbreaking The Battle of Algiers , one of 2004 's top-grossing foreign films . Rialto 's re-release of Alberto Lattuada 's Mafioso , a dark comedy from 1962 starring Alberto Sordi , was the unqualified highlight of the 2006 New York Film Festival . One of Rialto 's 2008 releases was Max Ophüls ' legendary film Lola Montès in a definitive new 35mm restoration , which was showcased to enormous acclaim at Cannes Film Festival and Telluride Film Festival and was the spotlight retrospective of the 2008 New York Film Festival . In 2009 , Rialto undertook the very first U.S. release of Jean-Luc Godard 's Made in U.S.A. , which could not be previously released due to rights issues , and also re-released Costa-Gavras ' Academy-Award winning thriller Z. Most recently , the San Francisco International Film Festival presented Goldstein with its prestigious Mel Novikoff Award . 2007 marked Rialto 's tenth anniversary , a milestone that was celebrated with a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York . Similar tributes were held at George Eastman House , in Rochester , New York ; the AFI Silver Theater in Washington , D.C. ; and the SIFF Theater in Seattle . In honor of the company 's anniversary , The Criterion Collection has issued a special gift box set containing ten films displaying the breadth of Rialto 's collection , including Army of Shadows , Au Hasard Balthazar , Band of Outsiders , Billy Liar , Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie , Mafioso , Murderous Maids , Rififi , The Third Man and Touchez pas au grisbi . The DVD box set was released under the name `` Ten Years of Rialto Pictures '' on October 28 , 2008 . Rialto Pictures also handles North American distribution for most of the back catalog of French film production and distribution company StudioCanal , including titles from the company 's Embassy Pictures and Carolco Pictures libraries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abb6a93bd346346e3316ab03ae19cd06", "text": "Tobacco Road (film) Tobacco Road is a 1941 film directed by John Ford starring Charley Grapewin , Marjorie Rambeau , Gene Tierney , William Tracy Dana Andrews and Ward Bond . It was based on the novel of the same name by Erskine Caldwell , but the plot was rewritten for the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb8f794418ab55c63dc9f50bdb37757", "text": "Takeo Kimura filmography The following is the filmography of Takeo Kimura , the Japanese art director , writer , and film director who has art-directed more than 200 films over a span of more than six decades and ranks among Japan 's best-known art directors . His training began with the Nikkatsu Company in 1941 , whose production division was merged into Daiei during the wartime industry reorganization , where he was promoted to art director in 1945 . His debut film as such was Umi no yobu koe ( 1945 ) . Nikkatsu re-opened its production studio in 1954 and Kimura moved there . He worked with several directors , including top action director Toshio Masuda on films such as Red Quay ( 1958 ) with top star Yujiro Ishihara and Gangster VIP ( 1968 ) starring Tetsuya Watari . However , his longest and most famous collaboration has been with director Seijun Suzuki , which began with The Bastard ( 1963 ) . Together they developed a bold , expressive style exemplified in Gate of Flesh ( 1964 ) and Tokyo Drifter ( 1966 ) . Suzuki often rewrote his scripts with Kimura , who was given his first screenwriting credit on The Flower and the Angry Waves ( 1964 ) . Kimura was also a part of Guryū Hachirō , the pen name of the writing group that formed around Suzuki in the mid-1960s and wrote Branded to Kill ( 1967 ) . Kimura left Nikkatsu in 1973 to work freelance . He subsequently art-directed many films for director Kei Kumai over almost 20 years . This included Kumai 's best-known film Sandakan No. 8 ( 1974 ) , Love and Faith ( 1978 ) featuring Toshirō Mifune and The Sea Is Watching ( 2002 ) based on one of Akira Kurosawa 's final scripts . Kimura 's collaboration with director Kazuo Kuroki exceeded 20 years , including the Art Theatre Guild film Preparation for the Festival ( 1975 ) and The Face of Jizo ( 2004 ) . He worked with Suzuki on several more films , including Zigeunerweisen ( 1980 ) and Pistol Opera ( 2001 ) , a follow-up to Branded to Kill . Zigeunerweisen was voted best Japanese film of the 1980s by Japanese film critics . He art-directed on Fire Festival and Tampopo ( both 1985 ) , career highlights in the respective oeuvres of directors Mitsuo Yanagimachi and Juzo Itami . Kaizō Hayashi 's best remembered and debut film To Sleep so as to Dream ( 1986 ) marked the beginning of another long collaboration which also encompassed his Maiku Hama trilogy : The Most Terrible Time in My Life ( 1994 ) , Stairway to the Distant Past ( 1995 ) and The Trap ( 1996 ) . At age 86 Kimura directed the first of four short films with Mugen Sasurai ( 2004 ) , which earned him the title for oldest directorial debut . The last was Matouqin Nocturne ( 2007 ) in which Suzuki appeared in a prominent role . Kimura then wrote and directed the feature-length film Dreaming Awake ( 2008 ) based on his own self-published novel . He was recognized by Guinness World Records for `` the oldest debut as a feature film director '' at age 90 . Suzuki again appeared in the film . Kimura himself acted in a couple small roles for other directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d081a6771f08671d9d920c7a746f9475", "text": "Lucrèce Borgia Lucrèce Borgia ( also known as Lucretia Borgia or Sins of the Borgias ) is a 1953 French drama film starring Martine Carol and Pedro Armendáriz . The film was directed by Christian-Jaque , who co-wrote screenplay with Cécil Saint-Laurent and Jacques Sigurd , based on a novel by Alfred Schirokauer . The film tells the story of the Borgia family of Italy during the Renaissance . It was released on DVD in the US on May 26 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "050851b3346fae9922bf7847bd7da30b", "text": "The Forbidden Christ The Forbidden Christ ( Il Cristo proibito ) is a 1951 Italian drama film directed by Curzio Malaparte .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca22ac7cb718acabc226442ba432625f", "text": "Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle . Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . '' Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position . Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7ce9a2c66a34a0921ba1ffc00bd29f", "text": "Beneath the 12-Mile Reef Beneath the 12-Mile Reef is a 1953 American adventure film directed by Robert D. Webb . The screenplay by A. I. Bezzerides was inspired by Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare . The film was the third motion picture made in CinemaScope , coming after The Robe and How to Marry a Millionaire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466fa179779d944bc01227d49545b4aa", "text": "Macbeth (1971 film) Macbeth ( or The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a 1971 British-American historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan . A film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name , it retells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder . The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth , noted for their relative youth as actors . Themes of historic recurrence , greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare 's story of moral decline , which is presented in a more realistic style . The production , funded by Playboy Enterprises , was troubled by poor weather around the British Isles , and the film was a box office bomb . Polanski 's Macbeth was screened out of competition at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . It was somewhat controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity , but has also received positive attention , and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1223cb27a32f7be88ccc6ecdfed41b80", "text": "The Tuxedo The Tuxedo is a 2002 American comedy -- action film directed by Kevin Donovan and starring Jackie Chan , Jennifer Love Hewitt and Jason Isaacs . It is a spy spoof that involves a special tuxedo that grants its wearer special abilities and a corporate terrorist threatening to poison the United States ' fresh water supply with bacteria that spills electrolytes into the blood and totally dehydrates the host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af03b63d03a923361788a1c057feb73", "text": "The Legend of Valentino The Legend of Valentino is a 1975 American television film written and directed by Melville Shavelson . It deals with real life events about the actor and sex symbol of the 1920s Rudolph Valentino . It was broadcast by ABC on November 23 , 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b55ff2540a0e6ff782487c583c41c193", "text": "Other Men Other Men ( Altri uomini ) is a 1997 Italian crime drama film written and directed by Claudio Bonivento . It is based on real-life characters documented in the Antonio Carlucci and Paolo Rossetti 's book Io il Tebano ( `` I , the Theban '' ) . For his performance Claudio Amendola received a Nastro d'Argento nomination for best actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9a45ef93c40ea3e43343e7b9dcd1a51", "text": "True Identity True Identity is a 1991 American comedy film directed by Charles Lane and starring Lenny Henry , Frank Langella and Anne-Marie Johnson . The plot revolves around a black man ( British actor Henry ) , who disguises himself as a white man to escape the mob .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9453bd0efdfd0a51c8417807aedaee9c", "text": "Currito of the Cross (1936 film) Currito of the Cross ( Spanish : Currito de la Cruz ) is a 1936 Spanish drama film directed by Fernando Delgado and starring Antonio Vico , Elisa Ruiz Romero and José Rivero . The film was adapted from Alejandro Pérez Lugín 's 1921 novel of the same title , set in the bullfighting world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ec958f88843ccf7cc3f6e8027341b56", "text": "Day by Day (film) Day by Day ( Spanish :D ía tras día ) is a 1951 Spanish drama film directed by Antonio del Amo . Shot in Madrid , it has certain characteristics similar to Italian neorealism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d91d04342583eb37d8b76b2128ddb37f", "text": "The Americano (1916 film) The Americano is a 1916 American silent adventure/romantic comedy film directed by John Emerson and stars Douglas Fairbanks in his last production for Triangle Film Corporation . Based on the novel Blaze Derringer , by Eugene P. Lyle , Jr. , the scenario was written by John Emerson and Anita Loos who also wrote the film 's intertitles . The film was re-released by S.A. Lynch Enterprises on August 21 , 1923 . Three 16mm prints and one 8mm print of the film still exists . Set in a fictional South American country of Paragonia , it has been described as one of a group of films that supported United States imperialism by providing support to the idea of manifest destiny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95538a900d63c4f1eb4ff3394003ebd", "text": "Algiers (film) Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer , Sigrid Gurie , and Hedy Lamarr . Written by John Howard Lawson , the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah . Feeling imprisoned by his self-imposed exile , he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris . The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko , which derived its plot from the Henri La Barthe novel of the same name . Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr , whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences . The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the original female lead . Charles Boyer 's depiction of the main character , Pepe Le Moko , inspired the Warner Bros. animated character , Pepé Le Pew . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea16382c775e115eae07213f85945ca4", "text": "Ten Wanted Men Ten Wanted Men is a 1955 Technicolor Western film from Columbia Pictures directed by H. Bruce Humberstone . It stars Randolph Scott , Jocelyn Brando , Richard Boone and Alfonso Bedoya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95712e2f1f3535859a29e89dd06fbbbc", "text": "Shoeshine (film) Shoeshine ( Sciuscià -LSB- ʃuʃˈʃa -RSB- , from Italian pronunciation of the English ) is a 1946 Italian film directed by Vittorio De Sica . Sometimes regarded as his first major work , the film follows two shoeshine boys who get into trouble with the police after trying to find the money to buy a horse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53632f940409271ef2f3b6d6dc4e6180", "text": "Caboblanco Caboblanco ( 1980 ) is an American drama film directed by J. Lee Thompson , starring Charles Bronson , Dominique Sanda and Jason Robards . The film has often been described as a remake of Casablanca . The movie marks the third collaboration between Bronson and director J. Lee Thompson ( following 1976 's St. Ives and 1977 's The White Buffalo ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d8c7cb7a5cc098477dc96099df9afab4", "text": "In Dubious Battle (film) In Dubious Battle is a 2016 drama film directed by and produced by James Franco , based on John Steinbeck 's novel of the same name , with a screenplay by Matt Rager . The film features an ensemble cast , consisting of Franco , Nat Wolff , Josh Hutcherson , Selena Gomez , Vincent D'Onofrio , Analeigh Tipton , Zach Braff , Bryan Cranston , Ed Harris , and Robert Duvall . The film gets caught up in the labor movement for fruit workers in California during the 1930s . The film had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on September 3 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4cab07ba8e441edfd81aadf1af8e7b", "text": "Josh Hutcherson Joshua Ryan `` Josh '' Hutcherson ( born October 12 , 1992 ) is an American actor . A native of Kentucky , Hutcherson began his acting career in the early 2000s and appeared in several commercials and minor film and television roles before landing his first major role in 2002 in the pilot episode of House Blend . His first film role was in Miracle Dogs ( 2003 ) on Animal Planet , followed by a motion-capture performance in The Polar Express ( 2004 ) and a voice-acting role in Howl 's Moving Castle ( 2005 ) . Hutcherson 's other early film appearances include Little Manhattan , Zathura ( both 2005 ) , RV ( 2006 ) , Bridge to Terabithia ( 2007 ) , Journey to the Center of the Earth ( 2008 ) , and The Kids Are All Right ( 2010 ) . In 2011 , he landed the leading role of Peeta Mellark in the box office record-setting film series The Hunger Games , released annually from 2012 to 2015 , for which he won three MTV Movie Awards and a People 's Choice Award . During the same period he also played a lead role in Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island ( 2012 ) and a voice role in the animated film Epic ( 2013 ) . Throughout his career , Hutcherson has expressed an interest in directing and producing . He has served as an executive producer in Detention ( 2011 ) , The Forger ( 2012 ) and Escobar : Paradise Lost ( 2015 ) , while also playing a lead role in each film . He is also heavily involved in the gay -- straight alliance chapter called `` Straight But Not Narrow '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "09109252fc83a6803dd86f19de21bac3", "text": "Tim Rooney Timothy Hayes Yule ( January 4 , 1947 -- September 23 , 2006 ) , better known as Tim Rooney , was an American actor and voice actor . He was the second son of actor Mickey Rooney and suffered from a muscle disease known as dermatomyositis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4651c21c82ce5537c936c66da646ae46", "text": "Michael T. Weiss Michael Terry Weiss ( born February 2 , 1962 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c1ba10c529cbbc020fdd4409e081797", "text": "Born to Battle (1935 film) Born to Battle is a 1935 American western produced by Bernard B. Ray and Harry S. Webb and directed by Webb for Reliable Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0f785dc9d060e4c07901ead9ff42ae", "text": "Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace ( born July 15 , 1930 ) is an American actor of film , stage , and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3419d5f4c7e90f530ce42cbbac0e76e4", "text": "John Ridgely John Ridgely ( September 6 , 1909 -- January 18 , 1968 ) was an American film character actor with over 175 film credits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e281237a1da91775b3ccfad50e78ab4", "text": "Arthur Anderson (actor) Arthur John Miles Anderson ( August 29 , 1922 -- April 9 , 2016 ) was an American actor of radio , film , television , and stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa644dab4eb1f6a263002c37d55ca235", "text": "Holmes Herbert Holmes Herbert ( born Horace Edward Jenner ; 30 July 1882 -- 26 December 1956 ) was an English character actor who appeared in Hollywood films from 1915 to 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc25a3ef841e1cf8c02b8475956345de", "text": "James R. Black James Richard Black ( born April 3 , 1962 ) is an American actor and former professional football player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e037f36e734fb6d154691ebb3e2079", "text": "Tefft Johnson William Tefft Johnson , Jr. ( September 23 , 1883 -- October 15 , 1956 ) , better known as Tefft Johnson , was an American stage and film actor , and film director and screenwriter . He appeared in 131 films between 1909 and 1926 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08f0fa8f99076249ac540b7a8db53e08", "text": "Battle at Bloody Beach Battle at Bloody Beach , ( aka Battle on the Beach ) , is a 1961 drama directed by Herbert Coleman , starring Audie Murphy and Gary Crosby . Battle at Bloody Beach is only the second Audie Murphy movie set in World War II , after his autobiographical To Hell and Back .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8cebf8bb1005ae1128b9e3ca77f9bc0", "text": "Strength and Honour Strength and Honour is a boxing film that was shot in Cork , Ireland . Filming took place in the city and county including Kinsale , Rochestown , Passage West and the un-opened maternity ward of the Cork University Hospital as well as the new airport . The film had its market premiere screening at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007 , and won the `` Best Picture '' and `` Best Actor '' awards at the Boston Film Festival . It was released on November 20 , 2007 in Ireland and was tested on a limited capacity in the United States on December 7 , 2007 . It was given a 15A rating in Ireland . After the U.S. testing , the film was re-cut taking 13 minutes off it . In 2009 , the Film was selected to screen at the Writers Guild of America and received a review in the Los Angeles Times that described it as ` another Slumdog Millionaire ' . Later the same year , Michael Madsen and Mark Mahon appeared on the TODAY show in New York , as there was such strong word of mouth about the Film . On March 17 , 2010 , Mark Mahon and the film 's main cast were invited by Prince Albert of Monaco to a private Royal screening at the Palace of Monaco . The film 's tagline was : '' Wounds Heal , Scars Fade , Hope is for Everyone '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d4486529f794ae82edf71981c55860a", "text": "John Justin John Justin ( 24 November 1917 -- 29 November 2002 ) was a British stage and film actor . John Justinian de Ledesma was born in London , England , the son of a well-off Argentine rancher . Though he grew up on his father 's ranch , he was educated at Bryanston School in Bryanston , Dorset . He developed an interest in flying and became a qualified pilot at the age of 12 , though he was not allowed to fly solo at the time because of his age . He became interested in acting at a young age . By the age of 16 , he had joined the Plymouth Repertory . In 1937 , he briefly trained with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art , but did not like it and soon joined the repertory company of John Gielgud . In 1938 , he auditioned for and won the role for which he is perhaps best remembered , Ahmad in the 1940 version of The Thief of Bagdad , opposite Sabu . The Second World War broke out during the film 's production . After completing the picture , Justin joined the Royal Air Force , serving as a test pilot and flying instructor . He also worked on two films , The Gentle Sex ( 1943 ) with Leslie Howard , and Journey Together ( 1944 ) , an RAF feature film with a cast led by Richard Attenborough , Jack Watling and David Tomlinson ; with a special appearance by the American film star , Edward G. Robinson . Legendary silent film star Bessie Love also appeared in the cast . With the war 's end , Justin returned to acting . He made more films , such as David Lean 's The Sound Barrier ( 1952 ) , Island in the Sun ( 1957 ) and Lisztomania ( 1975 ) , but his strong preference was for the stage . He became a member of the Old Vic company in 1959 . He made his Broadway debut in 1960 in the play Little Moon of Alban . In 1979 , he played the ghoulish lover in the BBC 's dramatisation of Le Fanu 's Strange Incident in the Life of Schalcken the Painter , one of its Christmas ghost stories . In 1968 , he played Thorin Oakenshield in the BBC Radio adaptation of The Hobbit . Justin was married three times , first to dancer and choreographer Pola Nirenska . His second marriage , to actress Barbara Murray , lasted from 1952 to 1964 ; they had three daughters . From 1970 to his death in 2002 , he was married to Alison McMurdo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fc2b2874ad05f390116f6fe827a193d", "text": "Kurt McKinney Kurt Robin McKinney ( born February 15 , 1962 in Louisville , Kentucky ) is an American actor . McKinney is perhaps best known for his role as Jason Stillwell in 1986 martial arts film No Retreat , No Surrender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdcd201f02f5ce3b46a9bf583e902744", "text": "Chris Sandford Christopher Duke Sandford ( born 6 June 1939 ) is a British actor . He appeared in more than fifty films since 1956 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5741bc845014ea5acdfae58b140e3d80", "text": "Tyrese Gibson Tyrese Darnell Gibson ( born December 30 , 1978 ) , also known mononymously as Tyrese , is an American Grammy-nominated singer , songwriter , actor , author , television producer , former fashion model and MTV VJ . He is best known for his roles as Joseph `` Jody '' Summers in Baby Boy , Roman Pearce in the Fast and the Furious series and Robert Epps in the Transformers film series . After releasing several albums , he transitioned into films , with lead roles in several major Hollywood releases .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "465bef8042d2112c21339ceb858b0db3", "text": "Sam Groom Sam Groom ( born June 13 , 1938 in Columbus , Ohio ) is an actor most noted for his numerous roles on television . He portrayed the title role in the Canadian television series Dr. Simon Locke ( 1971 ) , later renamed Police Surgeon . Prior to that , he had played Dr. Russ Matthews in the daytime soap opera Another World ( 1966-1971 ) . He also played Hal Sterling , the father of a castaway family , on a little-known 1980s science fiction television series Otherworld . During the 1980s , Groom also was a spokesperson for American Motors , appearing in many commercials for the popular AMC Concord and AMC Eagle model lineups . He later played Joseph Orsini in the soap opera All My Children in 1993 . Groom made guest appearances in Law & Order , Murder , She Wrote , The Love Boat , Hill Street Blues , Quincy M.E. , Gunsmoke , The Feather and Father Gang , and The Time Tunnel as the inspiring young scientist named Jerry . In 1976 , he appeared both in an episode of Sara and in Territorial Men , a television movie version of the series . His film career included roles in Act One ( 1963 ) , The Baby Maker ( 1970 ) , Time Travelers ( 1976 ) , Run for the Roses ( 1977 ) , Institute for Revenge ( 1979 ) , Hanging by a Thread ( 1979 ) , The Day the Loving Stopped ( 1981 ) , Deadly Eyes ( 1982 ) , and as John F. Kennedy in the television miniseries Blood Feud ( 1983 ) . He has three children from his first marriage to Kathleen Sullivan ( 1962 - 1974 ) , Samuel ( born in 1962 ) , Patrick ( born in 1964 ) , and Christopher ( born in 1966 ) . Groom married actress Suzanne Rogers in 1980 . They divorced in 1982 . He currently teaches acting at HB Studio in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6eac3bb9176148e28bf0ad34263ce19", "text": "Soulboy (film) Soulboy ( previously given the working title Souled Out ) is a 2010 British film directed by Shimmy Marcus about 17-year-old Joe McCain ( Martin Compston ) coming of age in 1974 amidst the northern soul scene . The film was shot in Stoke on Trent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ddc5d21e09699d0a8f495cbff4301", "text": "Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer . Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively . In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards . Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccc273d50bbfa1c63d18946a725aa162", "text": "Reversal (film) Reversal is a 2001 movie about a high school wrestler , directed by Jimi Petulla . The movie , starring Danny Mousetis , chronicles the struggle of Leo Leone as he strives for the Pennsylvania state title and his dad 's affection . Coached by his father , Edward Leone ( played by Jimi Petulla ) , he is constantly pushed towards this goal . He is forced to decide between the approval of his father or his own wishes as he feels the strain from years of training and making weight . The movie never made it to the mainstream public , however received vocal support from many leaders in the wrestling community such as Cael Sanderson and Kurt Angle . The soundtrack was composed by Jeff Danna . His first credits were as a contributing composer for Fox 's popular series Beverly Hills 90210 . One of his more recent and noteworthy scores were for The Boondock Saints ( Parts I & II ) . In 2001 , other than Reversal , Danna composed three more films ; O , The Grey Zone and Green Dragon . His music has also been heard on the hit syndicated series Kung Fu : The Legend Continues and in the telefilm `` Baby , '' with Farrah Fawcett .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454", "text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a7a8c062ba47a5e494e00e3fd8ee2dd", "text": "Playback (The Appletree Theatre album) Playback was an album recorded by The Appletree Theatre in 1967 . The project was set up by brothers Terry and John Boylan . It was written , directed and performed by the Boylan brothers , supported by leading jazz session musicians including Larry Coryell and Eric Gale . Playback was essentially a loosely woven concept album , divided into three acts , an overture , and an epilogue , with full-length pop songs such as `` Hightower Square '' and `` I Wonder If Louise Is Home '' linked by vocal narratives and snatches of music , including elements of jazz , acid rock , and classical music , sometimes given distorted sonic treatment . It was released on the Verve Forecast label in the US and UK in 1968 , with a different cover to the UK re-release from 1972 on the MGM Records label . John Lennon , in a 1968 interview with Penny Nichols in London , called Playback one of his favourite new albums , and Philip Proctor acknowledged its influence on his own group , The Firesign Theatre . Time magazine stated that `` this cycle of rock songs is an explosion of surprises , blending fey whimsy with just plain loony-bin clowning . '' In the wake of the album 's commercial failure Terry went solo , releasing three albums as a singer/songwriter , while John reappeared as a member of the short-lived Hamilton Streetcar before turning his attention to production with the Eagles , Linda Ronstadt , and others . Three of the songs on the album - `` I Wonder If Louise Is Home '' , `` Do n't Blame It on Your Wife '' , and `` Barefoot Boy '' - were released before by Ricky Nelson on his 1967 album Another Side of Rick , in which both the Boylan brothers were involved . Playback was reissued on CD in 2007 , with the different cover of the UK re-release from 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3038e5dd6b60bf511f14fb96079c587c", "text": "The Leather Boys The Leather Boys is a 1964 British drama film about the rocker subculture in London featuring a gay motorcyclist . This film is notable as an early example of a film that violated the Hollywood production code , yet was still shown in the United States , as well as an important film in the genre of queer cinema . An example of British kitchen sink realism , it was considered daring in 1964 as it touched upon homosexuality , however obliquely . Reviewers have noted that it contains naturalistic photography and period locations such as the Ace Cafe . The film is based on a novel commissioned by the London literary agent and publisher Anthony Blond , who suggested that Gillian Freeman write about a `` Romeo and Romeo in the South London suburbs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70058caa7aec706763d0bc84501026ee", "text": "Principal boy In pantomime , a principal boy role is the young male protagonist of the play , traditionally played by a young actress in boy 's clothes . The tradition grew out of laws restricting the use of child actors in London theatre , and the responsibility carried by such lead roles . A Breeches role was also a rare opportunity for an early 20th-century actress to wear a costume revealing the legs covered only in tights , potentially increasing the size of the audience . The practice of having a female play the principal boy has become less common , as further outlets are sought for the talents of young male popular stars and actors . Although not written as a pantomime , Peter Pan , or The Boy Who Would n't Grow Up is often produced as one with the tradition of a female principal boy continuing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5af6de769eb001dd7ebe151d25567bb3", "text": "Sweet Lady (Tyrese song) Sweet Lady is the second single released from Tyrese 's first studio album Tyrese . The single reached # 12 on the Hot 100 and # 9 on the R&B charts . The song stayed on the Hot 100 charts for a total of twenty five weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd43d30f73f1f1e2caae0ce42d996a02", "text": "Barrel children Barrel children are children who are abandoned or `` left behind '' by their parents who are seeking a better life abroad . Dr. Claudette Crawford-Brown , the University of the West Indies academic who first described the phenomenon of barrel children , defines `` barrel children '' as those children who , while waiting in the Caribbean to migrate to their parents in the metropoles of North America and the United Kingdom , receive material resources in the form of food and clothing in lieu of direct care . Dr. Crawford-Brown , in her publication Who will save our children : The plight of the Jamaican child in the nineties , showed that these children have surrogate parents who are often unable to give them the emotional support and nurturance that they need , most of these children may be instead raised by grandparents or close relatives . The impact on these children of this type of neglect includes a range of emotional and behavioural problems including run-away behaviour , withdrawal , depression , and , in some cases , acting-out behaviour . The Trinidad and Tobago News said that for `` barrel children the psychological scars have been great and have been troubling factors unto the second , third and fourth generations . '' The Wellcome Trust discussed barrel children in an article focusing on violence in the Caribbean while it was the title and subject of a short film by Cara Elmslie Weir about a Trinidadian family split by migration , the parents `` sending barrels full of material goods '' from the U.S.A. to their children in Trinidad . UNICEF in Jamaica agreed that `` Migration of parents who seek more lucrative employment abroad has had a negative impact on Jamaican children . Some children are left in the care of strangers , neighbours or even older siblings who are still children . These so-called `` barrel children '' are left without parental guidance or adult supervision and with access to significant material resources in the form of cash remittances and barrels of clothing and toys sent by absentee parents . '' It has also been discussed in Caribbean Studies Journals , conferences on the Caribbean , the Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Newsday . Discussing absent parents The Trinidad Guardian noted that `` At holiday time , they ship their barrels of love , disguised as brand-name sneakers and clothing , believing that these would make their children happy and make up for them being not around . But the fact remains that children are deprived of the real love of their parents . '' An article published in Newsweek by Brook Larmar entitled the `` Barrel Children '' dramatised the problem in its effects on one particular family . `` The cardboard barrel has been sitting empty in Marsha Flowers 's backyard for more than a month now , but the Jamaican teenager hangs onto it as though it were a sacred totem . And in a way , it is . Five years after her mother immigrated to the United States , leaving Marsha and two sisters to fend for themselves in a Kingston slum , the barrel is one of the few tangible signs of her mother 's love - and of her own frustrated desires . '' Blogs also exist highlighting the experiences of barrel children . Memories of a Caribbean Barrel Child was created by Dr. Anthony Salandy ( a native of Trinidad and Tobago ) to shed light of the experiences and outcomes associated with being a barrel child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e2beeded1134cddbb80f02590bb449f", "text": "Baby Face Nelson (film) Baby Face Nelson is a 1957 film noir crime film based on the real-life 1930s gangster , directed by Don Siegel , co-written by Daniel Mainwaring -- who also wrote the screenplay for Siegel 's 1956 sci-fi thriller Invasion of the Body Snatchers -- and starring Mickey Rooney , Carolyn Jones , Cedric Hardwicke , Leo Gordon , Anthony Caruso , Jack Elam and John Hoyt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b648a7edc5f8f480f661fdf04f42f070", "text": "Wesley Barry Wesley Barry ( August 10 , 1907 -- April 11 , 1994 ) was an American child actor in silent motion pictures . He later became a producer and director of both film and television . As a director , he was sometimes billed as Wesley E. Barry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a5cfe8d0589c2e5b584f3e5238f6e4", "text": "Dream Boy (film) Dream Boy is a 2008 gay-themed romantic drama film written and directed by James Bolton and based on Jim Grimsley 's 1995 novel of the same name about two gay teenagers who fall in love in the rural South during the late 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22537c7a86cc33336310f82156fd5d39", "text": "Baby Driver Baby Driver is a 2017 British -- American action comedy film written and directed by Edgar Wright , and starring Ansel Elgort , Kevin Spacey , Lily James , Jon Bernthal , Eiza González , Jon Hamm and Jamie Foxx . The film follows a young getaway driver ( played by Elgort ) who is reluctantly coerced to work for a veteran kingpin ( played by Spacey ) at `` one last job '' in exchange to start a better life . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2017 and is scheduled to be released theatrically on June 28 , 2017 , by TriStar Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e214b68f74c8d1d202d7f638ce7b7e5", "text": "Aaron Hotchner Aaron Hotchner is a fictional character from the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds , portrayed by Thomas Gibson . He is a Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI 's Behavioral Analysis Unit , and has appeared from the series ' pilot episode `` Extreme Aggressor '' , which was originally broadcast on September 22 , 2005 . Hotch begins the series married to his high school sweetheart Haley ( Meredith Monroe ) . They have a son named Jack ( Cade Owens ) , though they later separated over Hotch 's dedication to his job . Meredith Monroe 's character Haley was later killed in season five by serial killer George Foyet . Two years after Haley 's death , he met triathlon runner Beth Clemmons , and had been in a relationship with her , until season ten when it is revealed he broke things off with her when she was offered a job in Hong Kong . On August 12 , 2016 , CBS producers announced that Gibson had been dismissed from Criminal Minds following a physical altercation with one of the show 's writers and that `` creative details '' regarding the character 's departure would be announced at a later date . After appearing in the first two episodes of the 2016-2017 season , the Hotchner character was removed from the opening credits of subsequent episodes . At the start of the third episode , one character explained Hotch 's absence by remarking that he was on TDY . In episode 12.6 titled `` Elliott 's Pond '' it was revealed that Gibson 's character , Aaron Hotchner , was leaving his post as longtime head of the Behavioral Analysis Unit after Peter Lewis ( aka Mr. Scratch ) began stalking Hotch 's son , Jack . The two decided to enter the Witness Protection Program . The move would make it nearly impossible for Hotch to return to his field of work at the BAU , prompting him to resign from the position in effort to protect Jack . A new BAU chief had to be named and Hotch personally requested Emily Prentiss ( Paget Brewster ) , which in turn she eventually accepted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bbb5d2bf0bb834d2e48fedacce78b1a", "text": "The Boys (1998 film) The Boys is a 1998 Australian drama film directed by Rowan Woods . The screenplay by Stephen Sewell is based on the play by Gordon Graham ( loosely based on the murder of Anita Cobby ) , first performed by Griffin Theatre Company directed by Alex Galeazzi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51e14fc1a7339b2f84689bbf2b34689b", "text": "Four Seasons of Love Four Seasons of Love is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Donna Summer . Released on October 11 , 1976 , this concept album became her third consecutive successful album to be certified gold in the US . It peaked at # 29 on the Billboard 200 . In addition , all the cuts on this album went to number one on the disco chart . This was the third concept album Summer had made , though unlike the previous two which had contained one long track on side one and a small selection of slightly shorter ones on side two , Four Seasons Of Love was more equally balanced . The album told the story of a love affair by relating it to the four seasons . Side One contained `` Spring Affair '' and `` Summer Fever '' , both disco tracks , and Side Two contained `` Autumn Changes '' ( a slightly slower disco number ) and `` Winter Melody '' ( which had an even slower beat ) , plus a reprise of `` Spring Affair '' . This concept was reflected in the four photos of Summer , one for each season of the year , in a pull-out 1977 calendar included with the original LP album . The photo on the cover was , fittingly , the Summer photograph . Summer 's `` first lady of love '' image came across strongly on this album , though her trademark moans and groans were slightly less evident than on previous work . Pics included `` Winter '' in a fur with a tear on her cheek ; `` Spring '' in a Scarlett O'Hara style hoop skirt on a swing ; and `` Autumn '' re-enacting Marilyn Monroe 's famous scene from The Seven Year Itch with the billowing white dress over the subway grate - an allusion to her song `` Love to Love You Baby '' , which she has been quoted as using Monroe for inspiration on her recording of it . As with the previous two albums , Four Seasons of Love was distributed by different record labels in different countries , including Casablanca Records in the U.S. Edited versions of `` Spring Affair '' and `` Winter Melody '' were released in various places , but neither had a big impact on any charts ( although the latter made the Top 30 on the UK singles chart ) . The album was also released as a Club Special Edition / Club Sonderauflage in West Germany on the Atlantic Records Label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a97cebe6a71c095cdeced6f8c0b1b22", "text": "Big Babies Big Babies ( CBBC ) is a 2010 British children 's television series , which was shown on CBBC , the British Broadcasting Corporation 's children 's digital channel . The main characters are two babies ( actually babies with adult heads and voices superimposed ) named Brooks and Rocco , who are reluctantly dragged away from watching television to go on unpredictable adventures in the world of the everyday . However , the toys on the shelf always have concerns about what the babies are up to , and get Budge , one of their own , to tag along with the babies ( which he does for his own selfish reasons ) . It is broadcast on CBBC , and ABC3 in Australia . In 2010 , Big Babies was nominated for a BAFTA Children 's Award in the section of Best Comedy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e1de7701eaa732c6da433b7fa98dd806", "text": "Hugo Weaving Hugo Wallace Weaving ( born 4 April 1960 ) is a Nigerian-born English-Australian film and stage actor . He is best known for playing Agent Smith in The Matrix trilogy ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Elrond in The Lord of the Rings ( 2001 -- 2003 ) and The Hobbit ( 2012 -- 2014 ) film trilogies , V in V for Vendetta ( 2006 ) , Red Skull in Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) and Tom Doss in Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) . Weaving 's first television role was in the 1984 Australian television series Bodyline , where he portrayed English cricket captain Douglas Jardine . In film , he first rose to prominence for his performance as Martin in the Australian drama Proof ( 1991 ) . Weaving played Anthony `` Tick '' Belrose/Mitzi Del Bra in the comedy-drama The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert ( 1994 ) ; and multiple roles in the science fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . His roles as a voice actor include Rex in Babe , Noah in Happy Feet and Happy Feet Two , and Megatron in the Transformers film series . Weaving 's awards for acting include a Satellite Award , MTV Movie Award and six Australian Film Institute Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4ba0f175d9635a0afe64b8e6ef0547c4", "text": "The Last Unicorn (film) The Last Unicorn is a 1982 animated fantasy film directed and produced by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass . It was produced by Rankin/Bass Productions for ITC Entertainment and animated by Topcraft . Based on the novel The Last Unicorn written by Peter S. Beagle , who also wrote the film 's screenplay , the film is about a unicorn who , upon learning that she is the last of her species in the world , goes on a quest to find out what has happened to the others of her kind . The film includes the voices of Alan Arkin , Jeff Bridges , Mia Farrow , Angela Lansbury , and Christopher Lee . The musical score and the songs were composed and arranged by Jimmy Webb , and performed by the group America and the London Symphony Orchestra , with additional vocals provided by Lucy Mitchell . The film earned $ 2,250,000 on its opening weekend and grossed $ 6,455,330 domestically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93a74a1165afff17b1a50fca4362c12", "text": "Jackrabbit (film) Jack Rabbit is a 2015 American cyberpunk film directed by Carleton Ranney , who co-wrote it with Destin Douglas . Josh Caras and Ian Christopher Noel star as residents of a dystopian city who attempt to find details about the death of their mutual friend , a computer hacker . It premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c27f6ed70989e873a6705de08b4111c", "text": "Peter-Hugo Daly Peter-Hugo Daly ( born 1956 in Islington , London ) is an actor and musician . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , he was a member of new wave band the Cross along with fellow actor Phil Daniels . The band released a 1979 single , `` Kill Another Night '' , on RCA Records . In 1980 , Daly appeared with Daniels as drummer Mick `` Lethal '' in the Hazel O'Connor film Breaking Glass . Extensive television appearances include Minder , Bergerac , The Bill , Foyle 's War , Martin Chuzzlewit , Silent Witness , New Tricks , Midsomer Murders , Between the Lines , Little Dorrit , The History Man , Lark Rise to Candleford , Alan Bleasdale 's G.B.H. and as Dave Morris in McLibel ! . He appeared in two of the Sharpe television films : Sharpe 's Gold ( 1995 ) and Sharpe 's Challenge ( 2006 ) . Film appearances include Julian Temple 's Absolute Beginners , Martin Scorsese 's Gangs of New York , Woody Allen 's Cassandra 's Dream and Made in Dagenham . Theatre credits include Strawberry Fields at Royal National Theatre , Crass in The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists , Saved at Royal Court Theatre and Class Enemy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82fa68113e4dd88f0835aab82a5a8dad", "text": "Les Misérables (1998 film) Les Misérables is a 1998 film adaptation of Victor Hugo 's 1862 novel of the same name , directed by Bille August . It stars Liam Neeson , Geoffrey Rush , Uma Thurman , and Claire Danes . As in the original novel , the storyline follows the adult life of Jean Valjean ( Liam Neeson ) , an ex-convict ( paroled following 19 years of hard labor , for stealing bread ) pursued by police Inspector Javert ( Geoffrey Rush ) . It was filmed at Barrandov Studios in Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228a3089b5d62c3587b5e5585a6aa75b", "text": "Unfinished Business (2015 film) Unfinished Business is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Ken Scott and written by Steven Conrad . The film stars Vince Vaughn , Tom Wilkinson , Dave Franco , Sienna Miller , Nick Frost , and James Marsden . It was released on March 6 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59db4f79f50650e0c63d6e3b0905ef5", "text": "Nowhere to Run (1978 film) Nowhere to Run is a 1978 drama television film directed by Richard Lang , based on the 1976 novel The Blackjack Hijack by Charles Einstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad81f327fc082fede376cd6591d0b5ed", "text": "My Name Is Nobody My Name Is Nobody ( Il mio nome è Nessuno ) is a 1973 Italian Spaghetti Western comedy film . The film was directed by Tonino Valerii and , in some scenes , by Sergio Leone . It was written by Leone , Fulvio Morsella and Ernesto Gastaldi . Leone was also the uncredited executive producer . The cast includes Terence Hill , Henry Fonda , and Jean Martin . The film 's title alludes to the reply Odysseus gave when Polyphemus the Cyclops asked his name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc8899a590def7cc6c5a2fd0994fa289", "text": "All Hallows' Eve (2016 film) All Hallows ' Eve is an 2016 indie family halloween film directed by Charlie Vaughn . The film stars Lexi Giovagnoli , John DeLuca , Ashley Argota , Diane Salinger , and Martin Klebba .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c43bb43cb6fce909eeb1a735e0db5d13", "text": "List of films based on magazine articles This is a list of films based on non-fiction articles published in periodicals such as magazines or newspapers . See also List of films based on short fiction . Adaptation . - `` The Orchid Thief '' , The New Yorker , January 23 , 1995 - Susan Orlean Almost Famous - `` The Allman Brothers Story '' , Rolling Stone , December 6 , 1973 - Cameron Crowe American Gangster - `` The Return of Superfly '' , New York , August 14 , 2000 - Mark Jacobson Argo - `` How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans From Tehran '' , Wired , April 2007 Joshuah Bearman Bigger Than Life - `` Ten Feet Tall '' , The New Yorker , September 10 , 1955 - Berton Roueche Biker Boyz - `` Biker Boyz '' , New Times Los Angeles , April 2000 , Michael Gougis The Bling Ring - `` The Suspects Wore Louboutins '' , Vanity Fair , March 2010 - Nancy Jo Sales Blue Crush - `` Life 's Swell '' , Women Outside , September 1998 - Susan Orlean Boogie Nights - `` The Devil and John Holmes '' , Rolling Stone , May 1989 - Mike Sager City by the Sea - `` Mark of a Murderer '' , Esquire , September 1997 - Michael McAlary Coyote Ugly - `` The Muse of the Coyote Ugly Saloon '' , GQ , March 1997 - Elizabeth Gilbert Dog Day Afternoon - `` The Boys in the Bank '' , Life , September 22 , 1972 - P. F. Kluge The Fast and the Furious - `` Racer X '' , Vibe , May 1998 - Ken Li Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas - `` Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas '' , Rolling Stone , November 11 & November 25 , 1971 - Hunter S. Thompson In Cold Blood - `` In Cold Blood : The Last to See Them Alive '' ' The New Yorker , September 25 , 1965 - Truman Capote The Insider - `` The Man Who Knew Too Much '' , Vanity Fair , May 1996 - Marie Brenner Into the Wild - `` Death of an Innocent '' , Outside , January 1993 - Jon Krakauer The Killing Fields - `` The Death and Life of Dith Pran '' , The New York Times Magazine , January 20 , 1980 - Sydney Schanberg Ladybug Ladybug - `` They Thought the War Was On '' , McCall 's , April 1963 - Lois Dickert Live Free or Die Hard - `` A Farewell to Arms '' , Wired , May 1997 - John Carlin Perfect -- Series of articles in Rolling Stone - Aaron Latham Proof of Life - `` Adventures in the Ransom Trade '' Vanity Fair , May 1998 - William Prochnau Pushing Tin - `` Something 's Got to Give '' , The New York Times Magazine , March 24 , 1996 - Darcy Frey Radio - `` Someone to Lean On '' , Sports Illustrated , December 16 , 1996 - Gary Smith Saturday Night Fever - `` Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night '' , New York , June 7 , 1976 - Nik Cohn Shattered Glass - Vanity Fair , September 1998 - Buzz Bissinger Top Gun - `` Top Guns '' , California , May 1983 - Ehud Yonay Urban Cowboy - `` The Ballad of the Urban Cowboy : America 's Search for True Grit '' , Esquire , September 12 , 1978 - Aaron Latham `` War Dogs ( 2016 film ) '' - `` The Stoner Arms Dealers : How Two American Kids Became Big-Time Weapons Traders '' , `` Rolling Stone '' , March 16 , 2011 - Guy Lawson", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5401878bee0dd20db7e6686d1ddf9339", "text": "Australian Film Institute Awards 2005 45th Annual Australian Film Institute Awards 2005 Best Film : The Proposition Best Actor in a Lead Role : Hugo Weaving -- Little Fish Best Actress in a Lead Role : Cate Blanchett -- Little Fish", "title": "" }, { "docid": "885262934b2501d4cc2fbc70c8e96539", "text": "Filmography and awards of Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick directed 13 feature films and three short documentaries over the course of his career , from Day of the Fight in 1951 to Eyes Wide Shut in 1999 . Many of Kubrick 's films were nominated for Academy Awards or Golden Globes , but his only personal win of an Academy Award was for his work as director of special effects on 2001 : A Space Odyssey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e887c7d720cc21d266e943d9c968ce", "text": "Lethal Weapon (franchise) Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action comedy franchise created by Shane Black that focuses on two Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) detectives , Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh . The franchise consists of four films released during the 1980s and 1990s , as well as a television series in 2016 . All four films in the series were directed by Richard Donner and also share many of the same core cast members , while the television series recast the main roles with younger actors instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "694dada184a2cffa3c91241da5db7b79", "text": "Not Another Happy Ending Not Another Happy Ending is a 2013 British romantic comedy film directed by John McKay , starring Karen Gillan , Stanley Weber and Freya Mavor . Produced by Claire Mundell and Wendy Griffin , and written by David Solomons , the film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 30 June 2013 . It was largely shot in Glasgow 's Merchant City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41f84b51dd5781d6b11047cec25641c4", "text": "The Animatrix is a 2003 American-Japanese anthology anime film based on The Matrix trilogy produced by The Wachowskis , who wrote and directed the trilogy . The film is a compilation of nine animated short films , including four written by the Wachowskis . It details the backstory of the Matrix universe , including the original war between man and machines which led to the creation of the Matrix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d41f1470c5f3700d029d0ba62c5e93", "text": "The Undying The Undying is a 2011 American supernatural romantic thriller written by David M. Flynn and Steven Peros and directed by Steven Peros . The film stars Robin Weigert , Anthony Carrigan , Wes Studi , Jay O. Sanders , and Sybil Temtchine .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4ac22ce7a8de567bb07fc56d54d6b322", "text": "Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak ( or Lokmanya Tilak , ; 23 July 1856 -- 1 August 1920 ) , born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak , was an Indian nationalist , teacher , social reformer , lawyer and an independence activist . He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement . The British colonial authorities called him `` Father of the Indian unrest . '' He was also conferred with the title of `` Lokmanya '' , which means `` accepted by the people ( as their leader ) '' . Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ( `` self-rule '' ) and a strong radical in Indian consciousness . He is known for his quote in Marathi , '' स्वराज्य हा माझा जन्मसिद्ध हक्क आहे आणि तो मी मिळवणारच '' ( `` Swarajya is my birthright and I shall have it ! '' ) in India . He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal , Lala Lajpat Rai , Aurobindo Ghose , V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c34782e6c93a61b5533d741de2167800", "text": "Telugu years TeluguTelugu year is the calendar year for the Telugu and Kannada speaking people of India . Each Yuga ( Era ) has a cycle of 60 years . Each year of Ugadi year has a specific name in Panchangam ( Astrnomical calendar ) based on astrological influences and the name of the year would represent the character of that year . The calendar includes 60 year names . Every 60 years one name cycle completes and the names repeat in the next cycle . For example , the Telugu name for 1954 is `` jaya '' , repeated in 2014 . Ugadi is the Telugu new year festival that comes in the spring season ( usually March or April ) . The sixty Ugadi year names are as follows : ( 1867,1927,1987 , 2047 ) Prabhava ప్రభవ ( 1868,1928,1988 , 2048 ) Vibhava విభవ ( 1869,1929,1989 , 2049 ) Sukla శుక్ల ( 1870,1930,1990 , 2050 ) Pramodyuta ప్రమోద్యూత ( 1871,1931,1991 , 2051 ) Prajothpatti ప్రజోత్పత్తి ( 1872,1932,1992 , 2052 ) Aangeerasa ఆంగీరస ( 1873,1933,1993 , 2053 ) Sreemukha శ్రీముఖ ( 1874,1934,1994 , 2054 ) Bhāva భావ ( 1875,1935,1995 , 2055 ) Yuva యువ ( 1876,1936,1996 , 2056 ) Dhāta ధాత ( 1877,1937,1997 , 2057 ) Īswara ఈశ్వర ( 1878,1938,1998 , 2058 ) Bahudhānya బహుధాన్య ( 1879,1939,1999 , 2059 ) Pramādhi ప్రమాధి ( 1880,1940,2000 , 2060 ) Vikrama విక్రమ ( 1881,1941,2001 , 2061 ) Vrisha వృష ( 1882,1942,2002 , 2062 ) Chitrabhānu చిత్రభాను ( 1883,1943,2003 , 2063 ) Svabhānu స్వభాను ( 1884,1944,2004 , 2064 ) Tārana తారణ ( vaikan ) ( 1885,1945,2005 , 2065 ) Pārthiva పార్థివ ( 1886,1946,2006 , 2066 ) Vyaya వ్యయ ( 1887,1947,2007 , 2067 ) Sarvajita సర్వజిత ( 1888,1948,2008 , 2068 ) Sarvadhāri సర్వధారి ( 1889,1949,2009 , 2069 ) Virodhi విరోధి ( 1890,1950,2010 , 2070 ) Vikruti వికృతి ( 1891,1951,2011 , 2071 ) Khara ఖర ( 1892,1952,2012 , 2072 ) Nandana నందన ( 1893,1953,2013 , 2073 ) Vijaya విజయ ( 1894,1954,2014 , 2074 ) Jaya జయ ( 1895,1955,2015 , 2075 ) Manmadha మన్మధ ( 1896,1956,2016 , 2076 ) Durmukhi దుర్ముఖి ( 1897,1957,2017 , 2077 ) Hevalambi హేవళంబి ( 1898,1958,2018 , 2078 ) Vilambi విళంబి ( 1899,1959,2019 , 2079 ) Vikāri వికారి ( 1900,1960,2020 , 2080 ) Sārvari శార్వరి ( 1901,1961,2021 , 2081 ) Plava ప్లవ ( 1902,1962,2022 , 2082 ) Subhakrita శుభకృత ( 1903,1963,2023 , 2083 ) Sobhakrita శోభకృత ( 1904,1964,2024 , 2084 ) Krodhi క్రోధి ( 1905,1965,2025 , 2085 ) Viswāvasu విశ్వావసు ( 1906,1966,2026 , 2086 ) Parābhava పరాభవ ( 1907,1967,2027 , 2087 ) Plavanga ప్లవంగ ( 1908,1968,2028 , 2088 ) Kīlaka కీలక ( 1909,1969,2029 , 2089 ) Soumya సౌమ్య ( 1910,1970,2030 , 2090 ) Sādhārana సాధారణ ( 1911,1971,2031 , 2091 ) Virodhikrita విరోధికృత ( 1912,1972,2032 , 2092 ) Paridhāvi పరిధావి ( 1913,1973,2033 , 2093 ) Pramādeecha ప్రమాదీచ ( 1914,1974,2034 , 2094 ) Ānanda ఆనంద ( 1915,1975,2035 , 2095 ) Rākshasa రాక్షస ( 1916,1976,2036 , 2096 ) Nala నల ( 1917,1977,2037 , 2097 ) Pingala పింగళ ( 1918,1978,2038 , 2098 ) Kālayukti కాళయుక్తి ( vamshidhar ) ( 1919,1979,2039 , 2099 ) Siddhārtha సిద్ధార్థ ( 1920,1980,2040 , 2100 ) Roudri రౌద్రి ( Kalyani ) ( 1921,1981,2041 , 2101 ) Durmathi దుర్మతి ( 1922,1982,2042 , 2102 ) Dundubhi దుందుభి ( 1923,1983,2043 , 2103 ) Rudhirodgāri రుధిరోద్గారి ( 1924,1984,2044 , 2104 ) Raktākshi రక్తాక్షి ( 1925,1985,2045 , 2105 ) Krodhana క్రోధన ( 1926,1986,2046 , 2106 ) Akshyaya అక్షయ Significance : In ancient days Yogis ( saints ) interact directly with god , according to that , they have given information related to our Indian Kalachakra ( time-cycle ) by considering Lord Shiva ( Destroyer of bad ) , Lord Vishnu ( Manager of good and bad ) , Lord Bharmha ( Creator of things ) and Goddess Shakthi ( Energy ) life 's span . Below is the Indian Kalachakra ( time-cycle ) : 60 years = Shashti Poorthi ( For Reference : Shashti Poorthi ) 4,32,000 years = Kali yuga ( Age of vice ) ( For Reference : Kali Yuga ) 8,64,000 years = Dwapar yuga ( For Reference : Dvapara Yuga ) 12,96,000 years = Treta Yuga ( For Reference : Treta Yuga ) 17,28,000 years = Sat Yuga or Krta Yuga or Krita Yuga ( For Reference : Satya Yuga ) Total 43,20,000 years = 1 Maha yuga ( Total 4 yugas . For Reference : Yuga ) 71 Maha yugas = 1 Manvantara or Manuvantara or Manvanter ( For Reference : Manvantara ) 14 Manvantara = 1 Kalpa ( For Reference : Kalpa ( aeon ) ) 2 Kalpas = Lord Bhrama 1 day 2000 Kalpas = Lord Bhrama 's life span 200 Kalpas of Lord Vishnu = Lord Shiva 1 day 200 Kalpas of Lord Shiva = 1 eye blink of Lord Shakthi ( Energy ) . For more information : Hindu units of time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27e2dc612589ae2626dae6f78d6f259b", "text": "G. Gangadharan Nair G. Gangadharan Nair ( born October 2 , 1946 ) is an international Sanskrit scholar and a pioneer in the field of spoken Sanskrit . He has a PhD in Sanskrit grammar and Master of Arts degrees in Russian and Sanskrit . He has over forty years of teaching experience in Sanskrit colleges and universities . It was he who dared to be the Research Guide of Ms. Fathima Beevi , the first Muslim lady to get her PhD in Vedanta ( the supreme branch of Hindu philosophy ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6458fe8835a4c46d84d6f6a7ab60b896", "text": "Gopi Mohan Tagore Raja Gopi Mohan Tagore ( 1760 -- 1819 ) was scion of the Pathuriaghata Tagore family and noted zamindar and philanthropist from Bengal . He was son of Darpanarayan Tagore , who branched and founded Pathuriaghata branch of Tagore family . He knew Sanskrit , French , Portuguese , English , Persian and Urdu languages . Gopi Mohan Tagore was well known for his wealth and in 1812 , made what may be the largest ever gift of gold to the Kali temple at Kalighat . He was one of the founders of Presidency College , Kolkata , the institution that initiated western education in the country . He was fluent in English , and familiar with French , Portuguese , Sanskrit , Persian and Urdu , apart from Bengali . His donation for founding of Presidency College later known as Hindu College was second largest , next only to Maharaja of Burdwan and a marble tablet was erected of him in Library Hall of College to commemorate it . He was later appointed Governor of Hindu College and instituted a scholarship in his name for the eligible students . Goopi Mohan celebrated Durga Pujo with grandeur and many Europeans including General Wellesly attended the festival and dinner hosted by him . He was a great patron of art , music , sanskrit learning and athletic sports and used to donate generously for this purpose . The famous wrestler , Radha Gowla , was in his pay role . Among others in his pensioners were Lakhi Kanta , the noted Bengali lyricist and Kali Mirza , the noted singer of that time . He was a close friend of Raja Raj Krishna Deb of Sovabazar Raj . He once assisted father of Raja Baroda Kanta Roy of Jessore . He had begun the Tagore family 's art collection with the assistance of the British artist George Chinnery , who had visited Calcutta in 1803. , which was later expanded by his great-grandson , Prodyot Coomar Tagore . He had six sons . Surji Kumar , Chandra Kumar , Nanda Kumar , Kali Kumar , Hara Kumar and Prassana Kumar. , of which Hara Kumar Tagore and Prasanna Kumar Tagore both of whom carried forward legacy of Tagore family , were noted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "399c0511c001acd9e083df5aa9abc4c8", "text": "Social movement in India From the early 1970s new forms of social mobilisation began in India . They gained a variety of names such as social movement , people 's movement , popular movements etc. . These movements emerged and highlighted some of the major issues such as gender and environment . One of the leading analyst and participant in social movements in India , Sanjay Sangvi , identified the major agendas of them as `` Movements of landless , unorganised labour in rural and urban areas , adivasis , dalits , displaced people , peasants , urban poor , small entrepreneurs and unemployed youth took up the issues of livelihood , opportunities , dignity and development . '' Most well known movements in the country are Chipko movement , Save Silent Valley , Narmada Bachao Andolan , Koel Karo , Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha , Jhola Aandolan chutmarika ( fighting polythene ) , Appiko movement , Save Kudremukh , Lok Satta Movement , Swadhyay Movement , Swatantra Sharad Joshi , Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha These movements largely distanced themselves from political parties , or tried to cut across the ideologies of the political parties . Yet many of them rooted themselves or drew from ideologies of the Mahatma Gandhi , various shades environmentalisms or gender politics , or socialism . The most recent of social movements is ` Campaign against corruption ' , April 2011 , led by a group of social activists - Anna Hazare , Arvind Kejriwal , Kiran Bedi , a Gandhian sits on , Sri Ram Burgula the heart of New Delhi , capital of India , for fast unto death , demanding enactment of the long pending Jan Lokpal Bill . This movement got support of general masses and media . This created a buzz when political leaders were denied sharing of dias with the social activists . This movement is a landmark in the constitutional history of independent India , which has forced government to include 5 non-official members in the Sri Ram Burgula Bill Drafting committee . Usually , only ministers are members of any legislation drafting committees . While enactment of the law and action by Sri Ram Burgula and Sri Ram Burgula ( ombudsmen ) will take some more time to be on actual ground , this movement has certainly made corruption a major social issue in India . Some of the popular leaders of such movements are Sunderlal Bahuguna , Medha Patkar , Baba Amte , Vandana Shiva , Vijaypal Baghel , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3948cc8ce58560e328bbfcc74452ba6", "text": "Reserve Bank of India The Reserve Bank of India ( RBI ) is India 's central banking institution , which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee . It commenced its operations on 1 April 1935 during the British Rule in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act , 1934 . The original share capital was divided into shares of 100 each fully paid , which were initially owned entirely by private shareholders . Following India 's independence on 15 August 1947 , the RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949 . The RBI plays an important part in the Development Strategy of the Government of India . It is a member bank of the Asian Clearing Union . The general superintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the 21-member Central Board of Directors : the Governor , 4 Deputy Governors , 2 Finance Ministry representatives , 10 government-nominated directors to represent important elements of India 's economy , and 4 directors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai and New Delhi . Each of these local boards consists of 5 members who represent regional interests , the interests of co-operative and indigenous banks . A Central Bank is an independent apex monetary authority which regulates banks and provides important financial services like storing of foreign exchange reserves , control of inflation , monetary policy report . A Central Bank is known by different names in different countries . The functions of a Central Bank vary from country to country and are autonomous or quasi-autonomous body and perform or through another agency vital monetary functions in the country . A central bank is a vital financial apex institution of an economy and the key objects of central banks may differ from country to country still they perform activities and functions with the goal of maintaining economic stability and growth of an economy . The bank is also active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion ( AFI ) . The bank is often referred to by the name Mint Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc687894e4e4a185346b0310f2ed0143", "text": "Radha Soami Radhasoami . The Radhasoami mat or faith derives its name from its original Founder , the Supreme Being , Radhasoami who appeared in this world in human form and designated Himself Sant Sat Guru or perfect Saint or true Guide and Preceptor , and preached holy doctrines to sincere enquirer of Truth for the deliverance of their spirit from the bondage of body and its surroundings , as well as from the pains and pleasures of this world , and for the ultimate admission ( of their spirit ) into the Holy Presence of the Supreme Being after traversing and breaking through the trammels and impediments in the material spheres . There are many phases of development on the spiritual path , the most important being love , manifest in devotion , discipline and obedience to Guru guru bhakti . With the Grace and Protection of the Guru , the disciple moves from outer methods of devotion , prayer and ritual , to the inner spiritual practice - meditation . The meditation practice is called Surat Shabd Yoga , the Yoga of the Sound Current , which emphasizes collecting the scattered attention at the Eye Center third eye , by means of repetition ( mantra/simran ) , and listening bhajan to the Inner Celestial Sound , Nam or Inner Word , the Real Form of both Master and Disciple . In practice , Guru bhakti leads to Nam bhakti . `` The socio-religious revolution or renaissance which took place in India in the nineteenth century is generally known for its three facets : the change in Indian thought current under the hypnotic impact of the West ; a positive leaning towards puritanic revivalism as a reaction to the influx of western ideas ; and a deliberate attempt at synthesis of the Oriental and the Occidental . But besides these currents , there was one more - a spontaneous outburst of an inner urge of the Spirit , which was far away from any external influence whatsoever . The father of this spiritual renaissance was Soamiji Maharaj , the founder of the Radhasoami Faith , who started his teachings as early as the twenties of the nineteenth century . Whatever he said or wrote was the outcome of his intuitive realization and mystic revelations . Under this spiritual impulse he could draw a super-sensitive and English educated disciple like Hazur Maharaj towards him . The devotion of the disciple for the Master was matchless in form and precedence . And it was on his repeated requests that Soamiji Maharaj founded this esoteric faith in 1861 . The chief characteristics of this faith are love and devotion . It revitalized the medieval Bhakti trends and revived the ancient Guru traditions . The faith presents a new concept of the Supreme Being , a novel revelation of the name `` Radhasoami '' and introduces a well-defined and developed method of internal practice -- surat-shabd-yoga -- to the seekers after Truth . Not only an ascetic but also a man living in family can practise this Yoga . The faith has many other spiritual observances and a well spelled code of moral conduct to be followed by devotees . The faith owes its systematization to the second guru , Rai Saligram Bahadur ( Hazur Maharaj ) , who was its real architect . The Radhasoami Faith has made a remarkable contribution in the socio-religion field as well . The founder gurus of the faith made direct hit upon the prevalent malpractices and anomalies in the indigenous socio-religious beliefs . They advocated for steady and gradual reforms in Indian society and simplified religion so as to make it accessible to all who desire salvation from worldly bondage , without any distinction of caste , colour and nationality . '' Shiv Dayal Singh , called `` Soamiji Maharaj '' by devotees and admirers , was a khatri seth by caste in Agra , India . He used to insist that anyone who chose to follow him must give up non-vegetarian food , abstain from alcohol and intoxicants , lead a high moral life and engage in over two hours of shabd yoga ( sound-current yoga ) meditation per day . In the mid-1850s , Shiv Dayal Singh had a handful of followers in Agra . However , his teachings eventually attracted disciples from across India and by the time of his death in 1878 , Shiv Dayal had several thousand followers . He died on 15 June 1878 in Agra , India . Shiv Dayal Singh 's wife , Narayani Devi ( called Radhaji ) , Rai Saligram ( called Huzur Maharaj ) , Sanmukh Das , Gharib Das , Partap Singh ( Shiv Dayal 's younger brother ) and Baba Jaimal Singh were some of his prominent followers around whom individual satsang groups formed . This splintering off , led to the propagation of Radhasoami teachings to a wider audience , although with slightly varied interpretations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d050c64ccb42880acaae4db7f99c48cc", "text": "Syama Prasad Mukherjee Shyama Prasad Mukherjee alternatively spelt as Syama Prasad Mookerjee ( 6 July 1901 -- 23 June 1953 ) was an Indian politician , barrister and academician , who served as Minister for Industry and Supply in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru 's cabinet . After falling out with Nehru , Mukherjee quit the Indian National Congress and founded the right wing nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh ( which would later evolve into BJP ) in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "066de4e3e82d9e8238cdeabe20e4ff93", "text": "Shapland Hugh Swinny Shapland Hugh Swinny ( 30 January 1857 , Dublin -- 31 August 1923 , London ) was an Irish economist and Comtean positivist . Shapland Hugh Swinny was born in Dublin in 1857 , the son of Captain Shapland Swiny . He was educated at St John 's College , Cambridge , graduating B.A. in 1880 and M.A. in 1884 . He joined the London Positivist Society immediately after graduating from Cambridge and succeeded Edward Spencer Beesly as President of the London Positivist Society ( 1901 -- 1923 ) . He also was editor of the Positivist Review . He was the Chairman of the Council of the Sociological Society from 1907 to 1909 . He was a co-founder of the Church of Humanity , together with Philip Thomas . Swinny was a personal friend of several Indian nationalists , including Bal Gangadhar Tilak . Shapland Hugh Swinny died in 1923 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6ffccba979eaaeed22c3cbcc3d8e609", "text": "Baba Kharak Singh Baba Kharak Singh ( 6 June 1867 - 6 October 1963 ) was born at Sialkot in British India . He was involved in the Indian independence movement and was president of the Central Sikh League . ) His samadhi exists at gurdwara , at Sikhwala village in Malout tehsil of district Sri Mukatsar Sahib , Punjab . Today , a prominent road , which is a radial road of Connaught Place , New Delhi towards Gurdwara Bangla Sahib , is named Baba Kharak Singh Marg , after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f7a5ff6816551e4c55e72969a5e9f5", "text": "Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition . Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea4d286751550c658ab643e2c9b2e479", "text": "Sumatheendra R. Nadig Sumathendra Raghavendra Nadig ( born 1935 ) is an Indian professor and writer . Nadig came upon the literary scene as a prominent modern poet in the 1960s . He was a close associate of Gopalakrishna Adiga , the leader of the modernist movement . Nadig 's `` Dampatya Gita '' has been translated into English , Hindi , Bengali and other Indian languages . His other major poem , `` Panchabhut '' , is considered to be an important and original contribution to modern Indian literature . His poetic achievement has been acknowledged by great poets including Gopalakrishna Adiga , Pu . Ti . Narasimhachar , Ayyappa Panikar , Sitanshu Yashaschandra , Manohar Rai Sardesai , and G. S. Shivrudrappa ; writers including S. L. Bhyrappa and U. R. Anantha Murthy ; and scholars including Kapila Vatsyayan and Sibnarayan Ray . Nadig has two master 's degrees in English , one from Mysore University and the other from Temple University ( US ) . He also received a PhD in Kannada from Bangalore University and an honorary doctorate , `` Shabda Marthand '' , from Gurukul Kangri University , Hardwar . He has received many awards , including the Karnataka Rajyothsava Prashsti , Dinakara Pratisthana Prashasti , V. M. Inamdar Prashsti , and M.V.Si . Puraskara . He was the Chairman of National Book Trust from 1996 to 1999 . He is well known for his critical studies of Bendre , K.S. Narasimha Swamy and Adiga , and short stories and nursery rhymes , and translations from Bengali to Kannada , and from Kannada to English . He knows Kannada , English , Hindi , Marathi , Konkani , and Bengali . `` Poetry makes strange things happen . I reach the society in me , and the society meets me in my poetry . '' -- Sumatheendra Nadig", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0be8e7583b6a62c7d0a7e6f7d72e81a", "text": "Shri Balwant Institute of Technology Shri Balwant Institute of Technology is a technology institute based in Delhi , India . It was founded in 2006 by Chanderwati Educational and Charitable Trust . SBIT is the part of SB Group of Institutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f878bfedfa738256b56703f022af43b", "text": "Dayaram Gidumal Dayaram Gidumal Shahani ( 1857-1927 ) or Rishi Dayaram , was a social reformer , judge , poet , and scholar in British India . Born in Sindh , Dayaram received his early education in Persian at home from Akhoond Noor Mahammed . He later studied at Elphinstone College in Bombay and joined the Civil Service . He rose to the position of Judicial Commissioner in Sindh but chose not to accept a position as High Court Judge . He helped establish the D.J. Sind College in Karachi and supported education for women . He was a scholar of Arabic , Persian , and Sanskrit . He retired in 1911 to Bombay where he lived in a `` Blue Bungalow '' on the beach . He founded the Seva Sadan along with Behramji Malabari . He published numerous books including Sata saheliyun ( Seven girl-friends , 1906 ) and Chabak mana lai ain rihan ( Lashes for the mind , 1923 -- 29 ) . Works in English include The History of a Humble Soul ( a biography of Sadhu Hiranand ) , Something about Sindh ( 1882 ) and a biography of Malabari with an introduction by Florence Nightingale . He wrote on religion and spiritualit under the pen-names of Zero , Bijal and Sigma . Dayaram married young to Yashoda and had two sons and three daughters . His second marriage was at the age of 56 to a young girl Urmila aged 26 in his Ashram in 1913 . He withdrew himself from society after this but it was apparently to protect the girl who had become pregnant after a relationship with another boy in the ashram .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b8d8acd32da3c6945c5845c5f5343b", "text": "Indian National Association The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876 . The objectives of this Association were `` promoting by every legitimate means the political , intellectual and material advancement of the people '' . The Association attracted educated Indians and civic leaders from all parts of the country , and became an important forum for India 's aspirations for independence . It later merged with the Indian National Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8789ca7e515de2e36c1b64d24d7553a", "text": "Brajkishore Prasad Brajkishore Prasad ( 1877 -- 1946 ) was a lawyer inspired by Mohandas Gandhi during the Indian Independence Movement . Born in a prominent Kayastha family in Shrinagar , Prasad took his early education in Chhapra and Patna before moving to Presidency College in Calcutta , where he completed his legal training . In between he married to Phool Devi . He set up a legal practise in Darbhanga and had two sons Vishwa Nath and Shiv Nath Prasad , more commonly known as SN Prasad , and two daughters , Prabhavati Devi and Vidyawati . Prabhavati Devi was married to Jayaprakash Narayan and Vidyawati to Mrityunjaya Prasad , son of Rajendra Prasad . He met with Mahatma Gandhi in 1915 and was immediately taken in by him . He decided to get involved full-time in the freedom struggle and gave up his legal practice . He was instrumental in Gandhi taking up the Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha , in which Gandhi handpicked Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha along with him to successfully lead the movement . Gandhi was so impressed by Prasad 's dedication that he set aside a full chapter on him in his autobiographical book , The Story of My Experiments with Truth , called `` The Gentle Bihari '' . He remained at the forefront of the freedom struggle in Bihar , and his collaboration with several colleagues was instrumental in the setting up of the Bihar Vidyapeeth . For the last ten years of his life he was severely infirmed , and died in 1946 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f05c223e2ecfe8a1e31fabd4e4c74ba", "text": "History of Hinduism History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent , most of whom live in modern-day India , Nepal , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Afghanistan . Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali . Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India . It has thus been called the `` oldest living religion '' in the world . Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no single founder or source . The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development , with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE . The subsequent period , between 800 BCE and 200 BCE , is `` a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions '' , and a formative period for Hinduism , Jainism and Buddhism . The Epic and Early Puranic period , from c. 200 BCE to 500 CE , saw the classical `` Golden Age '' of Hinduism ( ( c. 320-650 CE ) , which coincides with the Gupta Empire . In this period the six branches of Hindu philosophy evolved , namely Samkhya , Yoga , Nyaya , Vaisheshika , Mīmāṃsā , and Vedanta . Monotheistic sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhakti movement . The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period or early Middle Ages , in which classical Puranic Hinduism is established , and Adi Shankara 's Advaita Vedanta , which incorporated Buddhist thought into Vedanta , marking a shift from realistic to idealistic thought . Hinduism under both Hindu and Islamic rulers from c. 1200 to 1750 CE , saw the increasing prominence of the Bhakti movement , which remains influential today . The colonial period saw the emergence of various Hindu reform movements partly inspired by western movements , such as Unitarianism and Theosophy . The Partition of India in 1947 was along religious lines , with the Republic of India emerging with a Hindu majority . During the 20th century , due to the Indian diaspora , Hindu minorities have formed in all continents , with the largest communities in absolute numbers in the United States and the United Kingdom . In the Republic of India , Hindu nationalism has emerged as a strong political force since the 1980s , the Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Government of India from 1999 to 2004 , and its first state government in South India in 2006 , and also the Narendra Modi led Government from 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "040bb783a73af0f86bbc7f5c8b6c9bf3", "text": "Barapali Barpali a small town , a Notified Area Council ( NAC ) and a block ( Tehsil ) within the Bargarh district in the state of Odisha , India . This town has its own significance in the state of Odisha and its culture and arts with respect to the great Odia Poet Gangadhar Meher , who was born here in 1862 AD . Known for his tremendous contribution to the Odia literature in the form of numerous magnificent poetic-collections ( Kavyavali ) mostly through his unique touch of devotional , mythological and vastly nature-connecting narratives . Some of his great Poetry works were : Tapaswini , Pranaya-Ballari , Kichaka-Vadha , Indumati , Rasa-Ratnakara , Balaram-Dev , Ayodhya Drusya , Padmini etc. , which have been critically acclaimed by literature scholars across the globe . Aptly , he was known as the Swabhaba Kavi of the Odia literature amongst his contemporaries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8a5cb26f1077d89e239eaa593b9774", "text": "Pollution of the Ganges Pollution of the Ganges ( or Ganga ) , the largest river in India , poses significant threats to human health and the larger environment . Severely polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants , the river provides water to about 40 % of India 's population across 11 states , serving an estimated population of 500 million people or more , more than any other river in the world . Today , Ganges is considered to be the fifth most polluted river in the world . Raghubir Singh has noted that no one in India spoke of the Ganges as polluted until the late 1970s . However , pollution has been an old and continuous process in the river as by the time people were finally speaking of the Ganges as polluted , stretches of over six hundred kilometers were essentially ecologically dead zones . A number of initiatives have been undertaken to clean the river but failed to deliver desired results . After getting elected , India 's Prime minister Narendra Modi affirmed to work in cleaning the river and controlling pollution . Subsequently , the Namami Ganga project was announced by the government in the July 2014 budget . An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores have been spent till July 2016 in various efforts in cleaning up of the river .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9723404883bb32a66c86950949a1fae", "text": "Kanker State Kanker State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj . Its last ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union in 1947 . Kanker State was located north of Bastar State and , except for the valley of the Mahanadi in its eastern part , it consisted mostly of hills covered by forests in which teak ( Tectona grandis ) , sirsā ( Dalbergia latifolia ) , śāl ( Shorea robusta ) and bījāsāl ( Pterocarpus marsupium ) predominated . The state had 63,610 inhabitants in 1881 and 103,536 in 1901 , more than half of which were Gonds . Kanker town in Kanker District , Chhattisgarh , was the capital of the state and the see of the Raja 's residence . The languages spoken in the state were mainly Chhattisgarhi and Gondi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddd9596966a8e231612be2a867665f94", "text": "Vidyananda Acharya Vidyanand ji ( Born 22 April 1925 ) is one of the senior most principal thinker , philosopher , writer , composer , editor , curator and a versatile Jain monk who has dedicated his entire life in preaching and practicing the noble concept of nonviolence ( Ahimsa ) through Jainism . He is the disciple of Acharya Deshbhushan . He has written may books and articles . He is now about 90 years old . He has spent his past four chaturmas ( 4 months stay during the rainy season ) in Delhi . Several institutions like D.J. Muni Vidyanand Shodhpith , Baraut , Uttar Pradesh are named after him . He has many monk disciples like Muni and lay disciples like Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain , Dr. Jay Kumarji Upadhye , a renowned Jain Scholar . Ahinsa Sthal in Delhi was established at the initiative of Acharya Vidyanandji on the land granted by the late Prime Minister , Rajiv Gandhi . Vidyanand was a notable figure in voicing the opinions of Digambara in the Bahubali affair . There have been several distinguished Jain monks with the same name in history . One of whom is commentator of Tattvartha Sutra and Aptmimamsa , lived during 800 CE .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a2284a3f4c6fb9164c04e69a70c6554c", "text": "Iraq Iraq ( -LSB- ɪˈræk -RSB- , -LSB- ɪˈrɑːk -RSB- , or -LSB- aɪˈræk -RSB- العراق ; عێراق ) , officially known as the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest , and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds ; others include Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians , and Kawliya . Around 95 % of the country 's 36 million citizens are Muslims , with Christianity , Yarsan , Yezidism , and Mandeanism also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range , and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws , and live in cities under an organised government -- notably Uruk , from which `` Iraq '' is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian , and Babylonian empires . It was also part of the Median , Achaemenid , Hellenistic , Parthian , Sassanid , Roman , Rashidun , Umayyad , Abbasid , Ayyubid , Mongol , Safavid , Afsharid , and Ottoman empires . Iraq 's modern borders were mostly demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations when the Ottoman Empire was divided by the Treaty of Sèvres . Iraq was placed under the authority of the United Kingdom as the British Mandate of Mesopotamia . A monarchy was established in 1921 and the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from Britain in 1932 . In 1958 , the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created . Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003 . After an invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003 , Saddam Hussein 's Ba'ath Party was removed from power and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in 2005 . The American presence in Iraq ended in 2011 , but the Iraqi insurgency continued and intensified as fighters from the Syrian Civil War spilled into the country .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2873267ef80190189e3f9c7c0291a9b3", "text": "Battle of Al Kut (2003) The Battle of Al Kut was an armed confrontation between elements of the United States military and Iraqi forces during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq . Before the 2003 invasion , Al Kut was home to an Iraqi airfield and suspected chemical weapons plant , thus making it an important target during the invasion . Al Kut lay in the way of the planned Coalition advanced into Baghdad . On April 3 , 2003 , the 1st Marine Division reached the outskirts of Al Kut , and broadcast a warning to the Iraqi defenders there , ordering them to surrender by 0700 GMT . The deadline passed with no response , and the US launched their assault on Al Kut . On April 3 , several US military units advanced into Al Kut , meeting little resistance until they closed in within 1,000 yards of their objectives . At that point , Iraqi soldiers and irregulars opened fire with small arms and RPG 's . Fearing a close-quartered urban battle , the US forces remained on the outskirts of the city , returning fire and killing many defenders . Numerous air strikes , including a B-52 strike , were launched on the Iraqi defenses . Numerous GBU-16 missiles were fired from US warplanes , destroying many Iraqi T-62 tanks , BMPs , and support vehicles . On the ground , American soldiers were briefly pinned down by gunfire from an Iraqi bunker , where numerous Iraqi infantry had gathered . The gunfire was answered by numerous tank rounds and heavy machine gun fire , and after four hours the bunker 's defenders had been killed , injured , or captured . One US soldier , Corporal Mark Evnin , was killed during the battle when he was mortally wounded by enemy machine gun fire . In a last attempt to drive off the attackers , Iraqi soldiers attempted to charge the American tanks with small arms and machine guns , but were cut down by American tank fire , and the 1st Marine Division advanced into Al Kut . After capturing the city and its bridges , Al Kut was effectively under US control . Several militants of the Fedayeen Saddam continued to hold out within isolated pockets in the city , but no major Iraqi forces now opposed the American drive into Baghdad . American losses during the battle numbered at least 1 dead , about a dozen wounded , and 1 ACE truck destroyed . Iraqi losses are unclear , but were described as `` heavy '' , with at least 150 -- 250 killed and nearly a thousand wounded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31c89cdd8098037341965882c4069f34", "text": "Combatants of the Iraq War The combatants of the Iraq War include the Multinational Force in Iraq and armed Iraqi insurgent groups . Below is a list of armed groups or combatants that participated in the Iraq War of 2003-2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fcc52a57c9f333808fbe2b5ac9fe433", "text": "Umm al-Qura Mosque The Umm al-Qura ( `` Mother of All Cities '' ) mosque in Baghdad is the city 's largest place of worship for Sunni Muslims . Originally called the Umm al-Ma ` arik ( `` Mother of All Battles '' ) mosque , it was designed to commemorate Saddam Hussein 's victory in the 1991 Gulf War and was intended to serve as a personal tribute to Saddam himself . It is located in the Sunni-populated al-Adel area of western Baghdad . Costing $ 7.5 million to build , the mosque 's cornerstone was laid on Saddam 's 61st birthday on 28 April 1998 . It was formally completed on 28 April 2001 in time for the ten-year anniversary of the Gulf War . Although never confirmed by his regime or himself during his lifetime , there has been speculation that it was intended to have been Saddam 's final resting place . Many architectural features of the mosque and the surrounding complex allude to either Saddam or the war ( or both ) . It has four minarets on its perimeter , each resembling a Kalashnikov rifle barrel and standing 43 m high , marking the 43 days of the Gulf War . Around the dome are another four minarets , each in the shape of a Scud missile on its launchpad standing 37 m high . The dome is set in the middle of a lake in the shape of the Arab world , in which was set a 7.5 m wide mosaic representation of Saddam 's thumbprint with an inset magnified version of his initials , made from gold . The mosque was formerly used to display a Qur ` an written in Saddam 's blood . The 28 fountains of the lake , the four inner minarets and the 37 m height of each minaret together represent the date of Saddam 's birth - 28 April 1937 . The building is constructed from white limestone with blue mosaic decorations , and red , white and black Iraqi flags are painted on the peaks of the inner minarets . Following the fall of Saddam Hussein in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the mosque was taken over by a Sunni group called the Association of Muslim Scholars . It became a recruiting site and propaganda centre for the early Iraqi insurgency . The association became a de facto Al Qaeda ally ; its leader Harith Suleiman al-Dhari , who operated out of the mosque , is said to have played a key role in mobilizing insurgents during the 2004 fighting in Fallujah , west of Baghdad . In 2007 , the association was expelled by the Sunni Endowment , a quasi-governmental agency responsible for Sunni mosques in Iraq , which took control of Umm al-Qura . On 28 August 2011 , the mosque was attacked by a suicide bomber during prayers , killing at least 28 people and injuring 30 more . An Iraqi member of parliament was among the dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e923f2512a4102aa1f25de1170da9f1", "text": "Iraq–Syria relations Iraq -- Syria relations are marked by long-shared cultural and political links , as well as regional rivalry . The two countries took their present form after the Sykes -- Picot Agreement to dismember the Ottoman Empire into British and French spheres of influence after World War I. Both countries are largely Arab and Muslim , with Kurdish and Christian minorities . Political relations between them have often been hostile . Ever since King Faisal took the Iraqi throne in the early 1920s , Iraqi leaders have dreamed of unifying the two countries . Even during the thaw in Iraqi-Syrian relations during the last years of Saddam Hussein , relations between the two countries were not good . New diplomatic relations established in November 2006 , were heralded as the beginning of an era of close cooperation between Iraq and Syria . Both countries are at war with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50f92dbf5a17f53473f5255cb9bc9131", "text": "Green Zone The Green Zone ( Arabic : المنطقة الخضراء , al-minṭaqah al-ḫaḍrā ' ) is the most common name for the International Zone of Baghdad . It is a 10 km2 area in the Karkh district of central Baghdad , Iraq , that was the governmental center of the Coalition Provisional Authority during the occupation of Iraq after the American-led 2003 invasion and remains the center of the international presence in the city . Its official name beginning under the Iraqi Interim Government is the International Zone , though Green Zone remains the most commonly used term . The contrasting Red Zone refers to parts of Baghdad immediately outside the perimeter , but was also loosely applied to all unsecured areas outside the off-site military posts . Both terms originated as military designations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e422425f20742afcf6f259a64116164b", "text": "Iraq Liberation Act The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 is a United States Congressional statement of policy stating that `` It should be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq ... '' It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton , and states that it is the policy of the United States to support democratic movements within Iraq . The Act was cited in October 2002 to argue for the authorization of military force against the Iraqi government . The bill was sponsored by Representative Benjamin A. Gilman ( Republican , NY-20 ) and co-sponsored by Representative Christopher Cox ( Republican , CA-47 ) . The bill was introduced as on September 29 , 1998 . The House of Representatives passed the bill 360 - 38 on October 5 , and the Senate passed it with unanimous consent two days later . President Clinton signed the Iraq Liberation Act into law on October 31 , 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5e8add75ed9cc86567924f849afd678", "text": "List of assassinations of the Iraq War Since the beginning of the War in Iraq in 2003 , Iraqi insurgents have targeted public figures and important individuals whom they believe to be working for the Coalition or its allied Iraqi forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "914cdbcf9f65bfd3f43bf79108a2ed1a", "text": "April 2016 Baghdad bombing At least 38 people were killed and 86 others wounded , as a result of two car bombings , in Iraq 's capital of Baghdad . The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7a543f0516c9c5a84ec92349713cb74", "text": "The Gamble (book) The Gamble : General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq , 2006-2008 is a 2009 book by journalist Thomas E. Ricks about the Iraq War . It covers the 2006-2008 period where his last book Fiasco left off . A primary focus is the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 , along with the ascension to command of Gen. David Petraeus and the change in approach of Gen. Ray Odierno towards the use of counter-insurgency strategies . Ricks believes that the troop surge was successful in reducing violence in Iraq and `` reviv -LSB- ing -RSB- American prospects in the war , '' but that it was a failure based on its initial goal of bringing about a political reconciliation in Iraq . Ricks states in the first chapter of the book ( page 8 ) : In revisiting the U.S. approach to the Iraq war , Petraeus found tactical success -- that is , improved security -- but not the clear political breakthrough that would have meant unambiguous strategic success . At the end of the surge , the fundamental political problems facing Iraq were the same ones as when it began . At the end of 2008 , two years into the revamped war , there was no prospect of the fighting ending anytime soon . But it was almost certain that whenever it did end , it would n't be with the victory that the Bush administration continued to describe , of an Iraq that was both a stable democracy and an ally of the United States . Nor was that really the goal anymore , though no one had said so publicly . Under Petraeus , the American goal of transforming Iraq had quietly been scaled down . But even his less ambitious target of sustainable security would remain elusive , with no certainty of reaching it anytime soon . Ricks also predicted that the US will have combat troops in Iraq until at least 2015 , . The last combat troops left with the war 's end in December 2011 , only to return three years later during the American-led intervention in Iraq ( 2014 -- present ) . Ricks appeared to promote the book on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart on 10 February , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49416f4e2d2aec8e35cb01c86a25dc89", "text": "Capital punishment in Iraq Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Iraq . It was commonly used by the government of Saddam Hussein ; and has been since his removal from office . After the invasion of Iraq in 2003 , the U.S. administrator , L. Paul Bremer , suspended capital punishment on June 10 , declaring that `` the former regime used certain provisions of the penal code as a means of oppression , in violation of internationally acknowledged human rights . '' On August 8 , 2004 , capital punishment was reinstated in Iraq . Iraqi law states that no person over the age of 70 can be executed , despite people like Tariq Aziz , sentenced to death at the age of 74 . There is an automatic right to appeal on all such sentences . Iraqi Law requires execution within 30 days of all legal avenues being exhausted . The last legal step , before the execution proceeds , is for the condemned to be handed a red card . This is completed by an official of the court with details of the judgment and a notice that execution is imminent . In September 2005 , three murderers were the first people to be executed since the restoration . Then on March 9 , 2006 , an official of Iraq 's Supreme Judicial Council confirmed that Iraqi authorities had executed the first insurgents by hanging . 27 people , including one woman , were executed by the Iraqi government on September 6 , 2006 , for high crimes against civilians . At least 285 people were sentenced to death in 2008 ; at least 34 were executed . In 2007 , at least 199 people were sentenced to death and 33 executed , in 2006 , at least 65 people were executed . The actual figures could be much higher as there are no available official statistics . '' There were at least 120 executions in 2009 , overwhelmingly for alleged terrorist offences . More than 900 people , including 17 women , were thought to be at risk of imminent execution in Iraq at the end of 2009 - they had reportedly exhausted all forms of appeal and their death sentences were said to have been ratified by the Presidential Council . On January 19 , 2012 , 34 people were executed in a single day . Early in October 2013 , 42 people convicted of terrorism charges were hanged over the course of two days . By that date a total of 132 people had been executed in 2013 . In July 2016 , the Prime minister Haider Al-Abadi ordered the execution of all terrorists condemned in the country following the Baghdad suicide truck bombing which killed over 250 people at a mall in Karrada , Baghdad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c3c2e76cb27777307c5c75a4de9f0c4", "text": "Amiriyah Fallujah Al-Amiriyah ( العامرية al-ʻāmiriyyah ) or Amiriyah Fallujah , also Ameriyah , Amiriyyah , Ameriya , Amiriyat , Ameriyat and the like , is a city in the Fallujah District of Al Anbar province , about 30 km south of the city of Fallujah , in Iraq . Ameriyah residents belong mostly to the Albu Issa subtribe , part of the Dulaim tribe . The city was named Amiriyah Fallujah after the occupation of Iraq because of huge number of displaced persons from the city of Fallujah , with a total population of 17 thousand people . During the lead up to the Gulf War in 1990 , several Western hostages were held as a human shield at a suspected ammunition factory in the area from September 1990 until their release 6 December 1990 . These included a crew member from British Airways Flight 149 . Nationals of Britain , Japan and France were held on the site . Only the British were detained until December , the French and Japanese being released in October and November 1990 respectively . The nature of their internment makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact location , but they were told by their Iraqi minders that they were at `` a factory in Amiriyah '' During the American war on Iraq the city witnessed violent clashes such as those seen in the cities of Fallujah and Ramadi as well as explosions and car bombs with chlorine , but in the end in 2007 the Anbar police took over on the city . In 2016 , during the Siege of Fallujah , there was intense fighting in the area between the Iraqi army and ISIL militants . Also several suicide attacks by ISIL were reported .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12b30ecc767329fb9a2f95b5c174c064", "text": "Lead-up to the Iraq War The lead-up to the Iraq War ( i.e. , the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent hostilities ) began with United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 and subsequent UN weapons inspectors inside Iraq . This period also saw low-level hostilities between Iraq and the United States-led coalition from 1991-2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002b333f9384113c51fb043d638a2556", "text": "Iraqi diaspora The Iraqi diaspora refers to native Iraqis who have left for other countries as emigrants or refugees , and is now one of the largest in modern times , being described by the UN as a `` humanitarian crisis '' caused by the 2003 invasion of Iraq and by the ensuing war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3c6378a15256538a9241257cb0271f", "text": "1941 Iraqi coup d'état The 1941 Iraqi coup d'état ( Arabic : ثورة رشيد عالي الكيلاني ) , also called the Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani coup or the Golden Square coup , was a nationalist and pro-Nazi Coup d'état in Iraq on 1 April 1941 that overthrew the pro-British regime of Regent ` Abd al-Ilah and his Prime Minister Nuri al-Said and installed Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as Prime Minister . The coup was led by four Iraqi nationalist army generals , known as `` the Golden Square '' , who intended to use the war to press for full Iraqi independence following the limited independence granted in 1932 . To that end , they worked with German intelligence and accepted military assistance from Germany and Italy . The change in government led to a British invasion of Iraq and subsequent occupation until 1947 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d77413a9eb625ad2f46078542b9d5983", "text": "Role of Georgia in the Iraq War Georgia joined the Iraq war as part of the United States-led coalition in August 2003 . By 2008 , Georgia had deployed 2,300 troops in Iraq , becoming the third largest contributor to the coalition forces in the Iraq War . In addition , the country provided a battalion of approximately 550 troops to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq . All Georgian troops were withdrawn from Iraq amid the Russia -- Georgia war in August 2008 . Georgia suffered five fatal casualties in Iraq .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7df489aaca300e2d9a8e469f55e3c7e", "text": "Multi-National Corps – Iraq Multi-National Corps -- Iraq ( MNC-I ) was a formerly multinational , later U.S. only , army corps created on 15 May 2004 , fighting the Iraq War . Its superior body , the Multi-National Force-Iraq ( MNF-I ) had replaced Combined Joint Task Force 7 on May 15 , 2004 . The change was made due to `` concerns that had existed for some period of time , that the Combined Joint Task Force 7 headquarters was not sufficient to handle the range of military operations in Iraq , including peace support , civil military operations , and at the same time conduct strategic engagement such as talking to the sheiks and talking to the political authorities . '' Multi-National Force-Iraq was established to handle strategic level issues while Multi-National Corps -- Iraq , a subordinate command , directed the tactical battle . A number of US Army corps headquarters have rotated into Iraq to provide the MNC-I headquarters . Also created under MNF-I was the Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq ( MNSTC-I ) , which primarily directed the reconstruction of Iraqi security forces . With the planned drawdown of US forces from Iraq per the Status of Forces Agreement and President Barack Obama 's announced timeline , Multi-National Corps -- Iraq merged back into its parent command of MNF-I , which was renamed United States Force - Iraq ( USF-I ) following the withdrawal of all remaining coalition partners from the country . In 2005 , the 1st Corps Support Command based at Logistics Support Area Anaconda at Balad , Iraq , was providing theatre logistics support .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09784d7a0a1c62f28771a64e8aad5ba6", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1454 United Nations Security Council resolution 1454 , adopted on 30 December 2002 , after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq , including resolutions 661 ( 1991 ) , 986 ( 1995 ) , 1284 ( 1999 ) , 1352 ( 2001 ) , 1360 ( 2001 ) , 1382 ( 2001 ) , 1409 ( 2002 ) and 1447 ( 2002 ) concerning the Oil-for-Food Programme , the Council adjusted the list of restricted goods ( Goods Review List ) and procedures for its implementation under the Oil-for-Food Programme . It was the final Security Council resolution adopted in 2002 . The Security Council was convinced of the need for a temporary measure to provide humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi people until the Iraqi government fulfilled the provisions of Resolution 687 ( 1991 ) and 1284 , and had distributed aid throughout the country equally . It reaffirmed the commitment of all states to Iraq 's sovereignty and territorial integrity , its determination to improve the humanitarian situation and pledge to adjust the Goods Review List . Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter , the Council adjusted the Goods Review List and procedures for its implementation . More than 50 items were added to the Goods Review List . It would conduct a review of the measures within 90 days and before the end of the current extension of the Oil-for-Food Programme , while the Committee established in Resolution 661 was also requested to conduct reviews . The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was instructed to develop consumption rates and use levels for chemicals and medications specified in the annexes of the resolution within 60 days . Finally , the resolution appealed to all states to co-operate in the timely submission of technically complete applications and the issuing of export licences . Resolution 1454 was adopted by 13 votes to none against and two abstentions from Russia and Syria . Russia opposed the `` restrictive '' nature of the text while Syria noted that Iraq had begun complying with weapons inspections and regretted that the speed of negotiations resulting in the adoption of the current resolution did not allow enough time for examining the list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1f6d3c64061c2f006f63b5b039703ab", "text": "2003 in Iraq The following lists events in the year 2003 in Iraq .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5722755871a0f2b5fecf2a1c41171dec", "text": "Iraqi Armed Forces The Iraqi Armed Forces are the military forces of the Iraqi government . They consist of the Iraqi Army , the Iraqi Air Force , and the Iraqi Navy . They were initially formed in the early 1920s . Six military Coup d'états were mounted by the Army between 1936 and 1941 . The armed forces first saw combat in the Anglo-Iraqi War of 1941 . They fought against Israel in the 1948 Arab -- Israeli War , in the 1967 Six Day War , and in the 1973 Yom Kippur War . Two wars with the Kurds were fought in 1961 -- 70 and 1974 -- 75 . A much larger conflict was the Iran -- Iraq War , initiated by the Iraqis in 1980 , which continued until 1988 . Thereafter Iraq began the Invasion of Kuwait , which led to the Persian Gulf War of 1991 , which led in turn to confrontations over the Iraqi no-fly zones during the 1990s , and finally the Iraq War of 2003 . The Iraqi armed forces have had mixed success at the strategic level but consistently poor tactical performance during most of their history . Iraq had one of the largest and strongest militaries in the world in 1990 , before the Persian Gulf War of 1991 . The armed forces are administered by the Ministry of Defence ( MOD ) . Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq , which toppled the Saddam Hussein regime , the Iraqi Armed Forces have been rebuilt with substantial assistance from the United States Armed Forces . Since the implementation of the U.S.-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement on January 1 , 2009 , the Iraqi Armed Forces and the forces of the Interior Ministry are responsible for providing security and upholding law and order throughout Iraq . The Iraqi Army , in particular , is one of the most trusted national institutions of Iraq . Iraqi Armed Forces deficiencies have been identified in enabling functions , such as , e.g. , logistics and military intelligence . In high-end conventional operations , Iraqi capabilities are currently limited by lack of artillery and air power . There are also concerns regarding corruption and sectarian agendas within the force .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cd2f6b52444152cee74629b5006c979", "text": "Hood event The Hood event ( Çuval Olayı ) was an incident on July 4 , 2003 following the 2003 invasion of Iraq where a group of Turkish military personnel operating in northern Iraq were captured , led away with hoods over their heads , and interrogated by the United States military . American soldiers seized 15kg of explosives , sniper rifles , grenades and maps of Kirkuk , with circles drawn around positions near the governor 's building when they raided Turkish offices in Sulaimaniya . The soldiers were released after sixty hours , after Turkey protested to the United States . A Kurdish intelligence official claimed that the Turkish soldiers had been linked to a plot to assassinate the newly elected governor of Kirkuk to destabilise the region so that Turkish forces would be needed to restore order . Though neither side ever apologized , a US-Turkish commission set up to investigate the incident later issued a joint statement of regret . In addition , US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld wrote a letter to the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressing sorrow over the incident . The Hood event damaged diplomatic relations between Turkey and the United States and marked a low point in US-Turkish relations . While the incident received comparatively little coverage in the United States , it was a major event in Turkey , many of whose citizens saw it as a deliberate insult and nicknamed it `` The Hood event '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0f416bc6036e3e0764348c72c26a10d7", "text": "Donkey (Shrek) Donkey is a fast-talking donkey created by William Steig and adapted by DreamWorks Animation for the Shrek franchise . The character is voiced by Eddie Murphy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f0b1eba584a7dd1136a3e5b74820dde7", "text": "Michael Schur Michael Herbert `` Mike '' Schur ( born October 29 , 1975 ) is an American television producer and writer , best known for his work on the NBC comedy series The Office and Parks and Recreation , the latter of which he co-created along with Greg Daniels . He also co-created the FOX comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine , and created the NBC comedy series The Good Place . Schur is also known for his small role on The Office as Mose Schrute , the cousin of Dwight Schrute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa436d4f5820c20b7ad0fbfa9ebbf69a", "text": "DJ Magic Mike D.J. Magic Mike ( born Michael Hampton ) is one of the most pivotal Miami bass producers , and the first platinum selling recording artist from Orlando , Florida . < ref name = `` Orlando Sentinel '' > </ref>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0dc03e06dfcf1779ab5d09f829287d1", "text": "Crazy Kong For the album by Wild Willy Barrett , released the same year , see Krazy Kong . is an arcade game created by Falcon , released in 1981 and is similar to Nintendo 's Donkey Kong . Although commonly believed to be a bootleg version , the game was officially licensed for operation in Japan when Nintendo could n't keep up with demand at home ( even though Donkey Kong was still released in Japan ) , and is based on different hardware . The game retains all of the gameplay elements of Donkey Kong , but has all of the graphics redrawn and re-colorized . Crazy Kong is also known as Congorilla , Crazy Kong Part II , Donkey King , and Monkey Donkey . There are two versions of the original : Crazy Kong and Crazy Kong Part II . The differences between them are in minor cinematic artifacts and bugs , color palette choices and minor gameplay differences . Crazy Kong Part I shows no copyright or company name on the title screen . Crazy Kong ( parts I and II ) runs on modified Crazy Climber hardware . In addition there are other versions of the game that run on Scramble , Jeutel , Orca , and Alca hardware . The official versions of game came in two different stand up cabinets that featured a large and angry , rather than comic , ape embedded in the artwork . The cabinets were created by Zaccaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c167832a97ddec1fdab8d7a51479dd", "text": "The Gnome-Mobile The Gnome-Mobile is a 1967 Walt Disney Productions comedy-fantasy film directed by Robert Stevenson . It was one of the last films personally produced by Walt Disney . It was based on a 1936 book by Upton Sinclair titled The Gnomobile . Walter Brennan plays a dual role as D.J. Mulrooney , the kind-hearted lumber tycoon of Irish descent ; and as the irascible 943-year-old gnome Knobby . The children , Elizabeth and Rodney , were played by Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber , familiar from their roles as Jane and Michael Banks in Mary Poppins . Tom Lowell who plays the young gnome Jasper in this movie , also appeared in the 1965 Disney film That Darn Cat ! as Canoe , the befuddled surfer boyfriend of Hayley Mills . The Gnome-Mobile was both Matthew Garber and Ed Wynn 's last movie role . Wynn died of throat cancer before the movie was released and Garber died ten years later , having contracted hepatitis while visiting India . Richard and Robert Sherman contributed the song `` Gnome Mobile . '' The Gnome-Mobile was re-released theatrically on November 5 , 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9254d76b35e11581139d59d24274d94", "text": "Wild Mouse roller coaster A Wild Mouse roller coaster ( also Mad Mouse or Crazy Mouse ) is a type of roller coaster characterised by small cars that seat four people or fewer and ride on top of the track , taking tight , flat turns ( without banking ) at modest speeds , yet producing high lateral G-forces . The track work is characterised by many turns and bunny hops , the latter producing abrupt negative vertical G forces . When approaching a turn from a straight section the intended impression is that one will simply continue straight , and thus plunge off of the device , this since there are no transition sections as are in a conventional high speed coaster track and the turn itself is obscured upon close approach . Almost all Wild Mice feature `` switchback '' sections , consisting of several of these unbanked turns , separated by straight sections . Usually the turns on the switchback section are 180 ° , but some coasters feature 90 ° turns as well as more rarely steep runs with loops ( for example Crazy Mouse at Tobu Zoo in Japan , which is no longer operating ) . Some riders , usually among taller people , report sustaining whiplash after being subjected to these turns . The feeling of a Wild Mouse coaster is amplified by using cars that are wider than the track itself , giving the impression that the riders are hanging off the side or that they might fly out , thus giving it the name `` wild '' . Some may include trick-track -- a `` straight '' piece of track banked slightly side to side designed to throw the rider left to right . Some wild mouse coasters , such as Primeval Whirl , also have spinning cars . The modern Wild Mouse was invented by German designer Franz Mack . In the original wooden Wild Mouse coasters of the 1960s and 1970s , the cars were so small that they could only fit two adults in close contact . While the low capacity of these rides led to long lines , the cars were small by design . Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the Wild Mouse type coaster was nearly extinct . However , beginning in the mid-1990s , Wild Mouse-style rides made a comeback for two reasons : First , they were cheaper than larger , conventional coasters ; second , they added to a park 's `` coaster count '' with minimal impact on cost and square footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7521cc4f13ea3521a9dded055cd63165", "text": "Mike Riley (cartoonist) For other people named Mike Riley , see Mike Riley ( disambiguation ) . Mike Riley ( born October 22 , 1975 ) is an American cartoonist and comic book creator currently residing in Baltimore , Maryland . He is best known as the creator of the single-panel webcomic I Taste Sound and the comic series Goatscape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439c38242be73ceb473ec9d3648366ac", "text": "The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series , a.k.a. . The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series or The Wally Gator Show , was a syndicated television package of animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , starting in 1962 . The series included three unrelated short cartoon segments featuring funny animal characters : Wally Gator Touché Turtle and Dum Dum Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har The package consisted of Fifty-two episodes , each with three individual segments and no bridge animation . Each individual cartoon segment , had its own opening theme and closing title . The title The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon series was an off-screen promotional title to distinguish this package from other Hanna-Barbera cartoons ( such as Ruff and Reddy , Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear all of which had bridge animation between the cartoons . ) available at the time . For example , WGN-Channel 9 in Chicago ran the three segments in a half-hour timeslot under the name Wally Gator . In New York , WPIX-TV originally used the segments for a local series , Cartoon Zoo , featuring Milt Moss as host and `` Zookeeper '' , with life-sized cutouts of the characters in `` cages '' as a backdrop . The package was originally syndicated by Screen Gems , the TV division of Columbia Pictures . The Hanna-Barbera studio was later purchased by Taft Broadcasting Company , which distributed the studio 's product first through Taft-HB Program Sales , and later through Worldvision Enterprises . Over time , the studio regained control of many of its earlier productions and distributed them through Worldvision . The elements of The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series were split up , with Wally Gator airing as a segment on Magilla Gorilla and Friends on USA Network 's Cartoon Express from 1987 through 1991 . Meanwhile , Touche Turtle and Lippy the Lion were part of another package of cartoons aired on The Family Channel . Following the purchase of the Hanna-Barbera library by Turner Entertainment , these shorts eventually appeared on Cartoon Network and later Boomerang . The cartoons were put on DVD with Saturday Morning Cartoons : Vol . 2 . Strangely , the Lippy the Lion cartoon was of noticeably better quality than the other two on the DVD . Very likely due to the cartoon coming from a better quality film print then the others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1345fa0f325b226ad6f23a1ce07c8a73", "text": "Donald Duck universe The Donald Duck universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting of stories involving Disney cartoon character Donald Duck , as well as Daisy Duck , Huey , Dewey , and Louie , Scrooge McDuck , and many other characters . The world is a part of the Mickey Mouse universe , but is more detailed . Life in the Donald Duck universe centers on the city of Duckburg , usually located in the fictional U.S. state of Calisota , analogous to Northern California . The world also incorporates several other real and fictional locations , as well as historical figures and a fictional timeline , which is followed with varying degrees of consistency . Disney comics are the primary medium for Donald Duck stories . Contributors include Americans Carl Barks , Ted Osborne , Don Rosa , Tony Strobl , Al Taliaferro , and William Van Horn , as well as Italians Giovan Battista Carpi , Marco Rota , and Romano Scarpa . Other media includes short films in the Donald Duck series , children 's books such as Little Big Books and Little Golden Books , television series such as DuckTales ( 1987 -- 1990 ) and Darkwing Duck ( 1991 -- 1992 ) , and video games such as QuackShot ( 1991 ) , Goin ' Quackers ( 2000 ) , and DuckTales : Remastered ( 2013 ) . `` Donald Duck universe '' is not an official Disney term , but is sometimes used by fans . Don Rosa has also used the terms Barks Universe and Italian Duck Universe to describe different versions of the world 's continuity . The terms `` Barksian '' or `` Barksian facts '' has also been used to describe the canon of the Donald Duck universe , as many comic book creators and fans only consider the stories by Carl Barks as factual , since he is the creator of many of its major characters , locations and ideas . Don Rosa is an example of this when creating his comic book series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck , with most of his stories being based on the works by Barks . Additionally , the stories by Al Taliaferro and Ted Osborne are also considered canon by many fans , being that they are the creators of Huey , Dewey and Louie and Grandma Duck , and part of their work precedes Barks ' work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "305d1069f15785bab623e02cd7ce48b7", "text": "Mike Pearse Mike Pearse is a cartoonist notable for the work he has drawn and written for The Beano comic . His first multi-page strip was called `` It 's A Funny Old Game . '' It was 24 pages in length and it is the first time in Beano 's history to be the only featured story . Since then he has created work for The Bash Street Kids , the Three Bears , and other Beano characters . Mike Pearse is recognized for his unique and highly detailed artwork , animated characters and quick-witted storylines . Nowadays he 's working for Studio Beer , an advertising agency in the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c404215ddbfc07bf027dbe3d1f06ef7a", "text": "The Lonesome Mouse The Lonesome Mouse is a 1943 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 10th Tom and Jerry cartoon released . This is notable for being the first speaking role of the cat and mouse duo . It was created and released in 1943 , and re-released to theatres on June 24 , 1950 . It was directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby . The animators of the cartoon were not credited ( typically for early MGM shorts ) , and this was the last Tom and Jerry cartoon to follow this trend . All future Tom and Jerry theatrical shorts credited the animators . The original opening theme was `` Runnin ' Wild '' , as heard in Barney Bear 's Wild Honey . It was replaced by the later Tom & Jerry theme on re-issue . This cartoon is animated by Kenneth Muse , George Gordon , Jack Zander and Irven Spence with additional animation by Pete Burness and Al Grandmain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7310a59c0e268d525ec55906a2001b2", "text": "Din Dong Din Dong ( Chinese : 癲噹 ) is a Hong Kong based cartoon cat , formed by two comic author - John Chan and Pam Hung . Din Dong cat is a very happy and positive cat that has his dreams , his motto is `` Impossible is possible '' . Din Dong often publishes illustrations on its Facebook page . Din Dong is also a multimedia creation covering animation , comics , licensing projects ; appearing on books , DVD , Apps , household items , etc. . Din Dong animation was also screened on Japan BS TV Station . His animation collections are picked as `` Famous Animation Section '' in the 34th Hong Kong International Film Festival ; Din Dong statue is on the Comic Avenue of Stars in Tsim Sha Tsui ( Hong Kong )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b178c4733c24f6e64769fe3ef6560f3", "text": "The Mighty Boosh (TV series) The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy television show created by Julian Barratt , Noel Fielding and others ( collectively known as The Mighty Boosh ) . The Mighty Boosh is a surreal comic fantasy , often featuring elaborate musical numbers in different genres , such as electro , heavy metal , funk , and rap . The show has been known for popularising a style called `` crimping '' ; short a cappella songs which are present throughout all three series . Julian Barratt wrote the music within the show , and performs it with Noel Fielding . Fielding also designed many of the show 's graphics and artwork . The show takes place in a surreal universe following Howard Moon ( Barratt ) and Vince Noir ( Fielding ) , two eccentric , failing musicians , as well as Naboo , a mystic alien shaman , and Bollo , a gorilla and Naboo 's familiar . They frequently have adventures while they pursue fame . The TV series has many animated sequences , puppets and special effects . Barratt has said that he approached Fielding with the idea of doing a show like The Goodies , as if it were a complete `` world '' rather than simply a sketch show . Barratt and Fielding play many of the recurring and one-off characters themselves , with other characters being played by other Boosh members Rich Fulcher , Dave Brown , and Michael Fielding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21096d80f5273fd1f18a57e5dd89a7e", "text": "Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns . Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams . Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6efadf9c85e2631c4c0cdc9ac1ed2440", "text": "Chilly Willy Chilly Willy is a funny animal cartoon character , a diminutive anthropomorphic penguin living in Alaska ( although , in reality , the species is native only to the Southern Hemisphere ) . He was created by Paul J. Smith for the Walter Lantz studio in 1953 . The character soon became the second most popular Lantz/Universal character , behind Woody Woodpecker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b79f5e1da9d12e577389c86087bc801", "text": "List of Cow and Chicken episodes This is a list of episodes of the animated television series Cow and Chicken , which ran on Cartoon Network from July 15 , 1997 , to July 24 , 1999 . The series was created and directed by David Feiss , with the co-directions of : Monte Young in `` The Ugliest Weenie '' ; John McIntyre in `` Alive ! '' ; Robert Alvarez in : `` Field Trip to Folsom Prison '' , `` The Girl 's Bathroom '' , `` Supermodel Cow '' , `` Part Time Job '' , `` Who Is Supercow ? '' , `` Confused '' , `` Happy Meat '' , `` Orthodontic Police '' , `` The Cow with Four Eyes ! '' , `` Cow 's Instincts ... Do n't It ? '' , `` Ballerina Cow '' , `` Lawnmower Chicken '' , `` Space Cow '' , `` Headhunting in Oregon '' , and `` The King and Queen of Cheese '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4612b633f586b1785d42aa5608603556", "text": "Size Five Games Size Five Games ( formerly Zombie Cow Studios ) is a British independent video game developer founded by Dan Marshall in 2008 . Dan Marshall 's previous games , Gibbage and Cruxade were retroactively brought under the Zombie Cow banner upon its founding . Their first new release was a donationware adventure game called Ben There , Dan That ! , released in 2008 . It was widely praised by the adventure game community and downloaded 50,000 times but brought in only `` a couple of hundred quid '' due to its donation model . Marshall self-funded the games development , telling the BBC in 2010 `` What I do keeps me fed and warm . I 'm not sure I get to lead the most extravagant lifestyle , or how my earnings compare to people working in the mainstream games industry . '' Marshall later said of the game `` I did n't think people would really pay money for it ... I think that was a bit naive , in retrospect . It 's well worth a couple of quid , and I do regret not charging for it initially . You can always move the price down , you ca n't really move it up . '' A 2011 updated edition of the game , which added a soundtrack and other features , was sold on a `` pay what you want '' model , with a minimum price . The sequel , Time Gentlemen , Please ! , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . PC Gamer called it `` point-and-click adventuring done right for a change . '' It holds a Metacritic score of 84 % . Both Ben There , Dan That ! and Time Gentlemen , Please ! were later made available for purchase on Steam and GOG.com . In 2010 , Zombie Cow Studios released Privates , a sex education game funded by Channel 4 and intended to match the `` personal , social , and health education '' guidelines of the National Curriculum The Xbox 360 version was cancelled when Microsoft confirmed that the game contravened the Xbox Live guidelines on sexual content of games , but the company released the Microsoft Windows version for free download from Channel 4 's website . The game won a BAFTA award in the `` Learning - Secondary '' category . In May 2011 , Zombie Cow Studios changed their name to Size Five Games . In 2013 , Zombie Cow Studios released Gun Monkeys , a `` procedurally-generated , physics-based , 1-on-1 online platform shooter '' featuring the voice of English actor and comedian , Kevin Eldon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d6242165b6b6ba8dc75ae44504a426b", "text": "Adventures of Mowgli Adventures of Mowgli ( Маугли also spelled Maugli ) is an animated feature-length story originally released as five animated shorts of about 20 minutes each between 1967 and 1971 in the Soviet Union . They were directed by Roman Davydov and made by Soyuzmultfilm studio . In 1973 , the five films were combined into a single 96-minute feature film . The Russian DVD release of the restored footage , distributed by `` Krupnyy Plan '' and `` Lizard '' , separates the animation into the original five parts . An English-language version made by Films by Jove was released direct-to-video in 1996 under the name Adventures of Mowgli . Charlton Heston is the narrator in the English version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e31f791af62521f78ba2e7d79339de", "text": "Bink (animated character) Bink is a cartoon character and the unofficial mascot of Eric Miller Animation Studios . He was created by Eric M. Miller and Charlie Petrek at the Eric Miller Animation Studios in 2015 , and designed by Valerio Fabbretti . Bink is an unknown species from Earth who is covered in yellow fur with blue spots , and cloth wraps around his forearms , and lower legs . He also wears an amulet around his neck which looks like a compass of some sort . Bink first appeared in the first episode of the animated web series `` Bink '' which was released in May 2016 . In the web series it shows Bink in a testing facility where scientist perform tests on him to learn about him and his unknown species . In the web series there is a mechanical hand which attempts to perform the tests on Bink , but is often unsuccessful at getting Bink to behave during the tests . The humor comes from this conflict between the two characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4872947f5049727ae5c73b4900c1f857", "text": "Mike Costanza Mike Costanza is an award-winning filmmaker and writer/director . Mike began his career in the Art Department on feature films . He then went on to direct short films . Mike 's short Mama Said screened at Sundance and in the prestigious Official Selection of films in Competition at The Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Palme d'Or award . Stylized with disorienting authenticity , Mama Said is a critique of Race relations and pop culture of 60 's America . Mama Said also screened on The Sundance Channel . The Collingswood Story is Mike 's innovative horror film . Made years before Skype and Video conferencing were mainstream , TCS explores the lives of a young couple attempting a long distance relationship via webcams . His film screened at numerous festivals including Frightfest in London , won the Best Indie Film and Best Cast Award and received worldwide praise with quotes including : `` A Low Budget Triumph '' , `` Inventive and Frightening '' , and `` The Best Low Budget Horror Movie Since The Blair Witch Project '' . Michael 's additional credits include Creator/Producer of the television series Dante 's Cove . Venturing into New media , Michael created the popular genre portal eerieTube.com . EerieTube showcases original content , stylized news and reviews , geared towards the Science fiction and Horror genre . In addition , Michael directed Music videos and EPKs for various labels including Capitol Records , Verve , and Sony Music Entertainment . in 2013 the filmmaker sued the producers of Paranormal Activity and Paramount for copyright infringement as a result `` the matter has been resolved amicably '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b4f34caa3d45296f5be1cb1e6b817653", "text": "The Blues Brothers (film) The Blues Brothers is a 1980 American musical crime comedy film directed by John Landis . It stars John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as `` Joliet '' Jake and Elwood Blues , characters developed from `` The Blues Brothers '' musical sketch on the NBC variety series Saturday Night Live . The film 's screenplay was written by Aykroyd and Landis . It features musical numbers by rhythm and blues ( R&B ) , soul , and blues singers James Brown , Cab Calloway , Aretha Franklin , Ray Charles , and John Lee Hooker . The film is set in and around Chicago , Illinois , where it was filmed . It features non-musical supporting performances by John Candy , Carrie Fisher , Charles Napier , and Henry Gibson . The story is a tale of redeem for paroled convict Jake and his brother Elwood , who set out on `` a mission from God '' to save from foreclosure the Catholic orphanage in which they were raised . To do so , they must reunite their R&B band and organize a performance to earn $ 5,000 needed to pay the orphanage 's property tax bill . Along the way , they are targeted by a destructive `` mystery woman '' , Neo-Nazis , and a country and western band -- all while being relentlessly pursued by the police . Universal Studios , which had won the bidding war for the film , was hoping to take advantage of Belushi 's popularity in the wake of Saturday Night Live , Animal House , and the Blues Brothers ' musical success ; it soon found itself unable to control production costs . The start of filming was delayed when Aykroyd , new to film screenwriting , took six months to deliver a long and unconventional script that Landis had to rewrite before production , which began without a final budget . On location in Chicago , Belushi 's partying and drug use caused lengthy and costly delays that , along with the destructive car chases depicted onscreen , made the final film one of the most expensive comedies ever produced . Concerns that the film would fail limited its initial bookings to less than half those a film of its magnitude normally received . Released in the United States on June 20 , 1980 , it received mostly positive reviews . It earned just under $ 5 million in its opening weekend and went on to gross over $ 115 million in theaters worldwide before its release on home video . It has become a cult classic , spawning the sequel , Blues Brothers 2000 , 18 years later , which was a critical and commercial failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d9a74428a9db3cc0226f7e3462ac4bc", "text": "Dan Aykroyd Daniel Edward `` Dan '' Aykroyd ( born July 1 , 1952 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , producer , voice artist , screenwriter , musician and businessman . He was an original member of the `` Not Ready for Prime Time Players '' on Saturday Night Live ( 1975 -- 1979 ) . A musical sketch he performed with John Belushi on SNL , The Blues Brothers , turned into an actual performing band and then a highly successful 1980 film , also called The Blues Brothers . He conceived and starred in Ghostbusters ( 1984 ) , which spawned a sequel ( Ghostbusters II ) and eventually an entire media franchise . In 1990 , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy . He starred in his own sitcom , Soul Man , from 1997 -- 98 . Aykroyd is also a successful businessman , having co-founded the House of Blues chain of music venues and the Crystal Head Vodka brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96134ab79c05e0260d2c6b98aa131ee7", "text": "Driving Miss Daisy Driving Miss Daisy is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry , based on Uhry 's play of the same name . The film stars Jessica Tandy , Morgan Freeman , and Dan Aykroyd . Freeman reprised his role from the Original Off-Broadway production . The story defines Daisy and her point of view through a network of relationships and emotions by focusing on her home life , synagogue , friends , family , fears , and concerns over a 25-year period . At the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990 , Driving Miss Daisy received nine nominations , and won the Academy Award for Best Picture , Best Actress ( Jessica Tandy ) , Best Makeup , and Best Adapted Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5823e72e5b0cf1faeb9872f101560cbd", "text": "Ghostbusters Ghostbusters is a 1984 American supernatural comedy film directed and produced by Ivan Reitman and written by Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis . The film stars Bill Murray , Aykroyd and Ramis as three eccentric parapsychologists who start a ghost-catching business in New York City . Sigourney Weaver and Rick Moranis co-star as a client and her neighbor , and Ernie Hudson as the Ghostbusters ' first recruit . Aykroyd conceived the film as a project for himself and fellow Saturday Night Live alumnus John Belushi , with the `` Ghostmashers '' travelling through time and space in the future with magic wands . He and Ramis dramatically rewrote the script following Belushi 's death and after Reitman deemed Aykroyd 's initial vision financially impractical . Ghostbusters was released in the United States on June 8 , 1984 . It received a positive response from critics and audiences and grossed $ 242 million in the United States and more than $ 295 million worldwide . It was nominated for two Oscars at the 57th Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects and Best Original Song ( for the eponymous theme song ) , but lost to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and The Woman in Red respectively . The American Film Institute ranked Ghostbusters 28th in its AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list of film comedies . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . The film launched the Ghostbusters media franchise , which includes a 1989 sequel , Ghostbusters II , two animated television series , The Real Ghostbusters and Extreme Ghostbusters and several video games . A reboot , also titled Ghostbusters , was released on July 15 , 2016 , by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "969574736086f1e027c219810e05ae24", "text": "Freddy vs. Jason Freddy vs. Jason is a 2003 American slasher film directed by Ronny Yu and written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift . The film is a crossover between the Friday the 13th and A Nightmare on Elm Street franchises and pits Jason Voorhees and Freddy Krueger against each other in the eleventh and eighth installments in their respective series . The film is also the last in both the Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elm Street franchises before they were both rebooted . In the film , Freddy ( Robert Englund ) has grown incapable of haunting people 's dreams as the citizens of Springwood , Ohio , have mostly forgotten about him . To regain his power , Freddy manipulates Jason ( Ken Kirzinger ) into resurrecting himself and traveling to Springwood to cause panic and fear , leading to rumors that Freddy has returned . However , while Jason succeeds in causing enough fear for Freddy to haunt the town again , Jason angers Freddy by depriving Krueger of his potential victims . This ultimately sends the two undying monsters into a violent conflict . Freddy vs. Jason was released in the United States on August 15 , 2003 . It grossed $ 114 million , making it the highest-grossing film in the Friday the 13th series and the second-highest-grossing film in the Nightmare on Elm Street series . This film marked Englund 's final appearance to date as Freddy Krueger , and it was the first since Friday the 13th Part VI : Jason Lives not to feature Kane Hodder as Jason Voorhees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38c9d99705caa2aa846f88dfd4237ce", "text": "The Cooler The Cooler is a 2003 American romantic drama film directed by Wayne Kramer . The original screenplay was written by Kramer and Frank Hannah . In old-school gambling parlance , a casino `` cooler '' is an unlucky individual , usually a casino employee , whose mere presence at the gambling tables usually results in a streak of bad luck for the other players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "687281727c8f97ae75fe8f0ea5f0bbee", "text": "List of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films of 2004 This is a list of lesbian , gay , bisexual or transgender-related films released in 2004 . It contains theatrically released cinema films that deal with or feature important gay , lesbian or bisexual or transgender characters or issues and may have same-sex romance or relationships as an important plot device .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72a1cc2d2d39fcc2f463931d835126d2", "text": "Lead Us Not into Temptation Lead Us Not into Temptation is an album by David Byrne , released in 2003 for the movie Young Adam , a film directed by David MacKenzie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90339107c380ae419815ed2cdeff548f", "text": "The Greatest Expectation The Greatest Expectation is a 2003 South Korean romantic comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dbfde96a4e83cb698c922b3da4d1687", "text": "Adam and Evil (2004 film) Adam and Evil is a 2004 horror film directed by Andrew Van Slee about a group of teens who face a murderer while partying at a camping site . It stars Erica Cerra , James Clayton , and Jodie Graham . Filming began on April 30 , 2003 in Los Angeles and it was released on April 27 , 2004 . The film was released on DVD as Halloween Camp 2 : Scream If You Wan na Die Faster in the United Kingdom . Although there is no plot continuity , the UK name implies a sequel to the 2003 Bloody Murder 2 : Closing Camp , released as Halloween Camp in the UK . This in turn is a sequel to the 2000 slasher movie Bloody Murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1810e20c47ffb43c81cbaf37e93688", "text": "Love Don't Cost a Thing (film) Love Do n't Cost a Thing ( stylized as Love Do n't Co $ t a Thing ) is a 2003 American teen comedy film written and directed by Troy Beyer and starring Nick Cannon and Christina Milian . It also stars Steve Harvey , Kenan Thompson and Kal Penn. . The film is a remake of the 1987 film Ca n't Buy Me Love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8684e628e7e3fe50fdb40a1d6b8c27", "text": "Comic Book: The Movie Comic Book : The Movie is a 2004 direct-to-DVD mockumentary starring and directed by Mark Hamill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "132bb9ce9a2a372f9b47a86cb77fbf58", "text": "Getting Away with Murder (film) Getting Away with Murder is a 1996 American comedy film written and directed by Harvey Miller . The film stars Dan Aykroyd , Jack Lemmon , Lily Tomlin and Bonnie Hunt . This was the final project for veteran writer and director Harvey Miller . It received poor reviews and was panned by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4acac70833dc2b60822ed207d6cb33f", "text": "Taxi 3 Taxi 3 is a 2003 French comedy film directed by Gérard Krawczyk . Starring Samy Naceri , Frédéric Diefenthal and Marion Cotillard . It is the sequel to Taxi 2 and was followed by Taxi 4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd627cf54e90a96c7f5bc3e24a196303", "text": "American Film Institute Awards 2003 The American Film Institute ( AFI ) Awards 2003 honored the Top 10 Films and Top 10 Television Programs of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e843454bb5c0f7ee1c0e0d78e6c71015", "text": "Kill Bill Kill Bill is an American two-part martial arts film series , and the fourth film overall that was written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . It was originally set to be released as one film , but with a running time of over four hours , it was separated into two films : Kill Bill : Volume 1 , released in late 2003 , and Kill Bill : Volume 2 , released in early 2004 . The original four-hour cut , retitled Kill Bill : The Whole Bloody Affair , was screened at select cinemas in 2011 . Tarantino has discussed the possibility of a third Kill Bill film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f090a1bb358d36fd956cc77356e2ba3a", "text": "Bad Boys (2003 film) Bad Boys ( Pahat pojat ) is a 2003 Finnish crime drama film directed by Aleksi Mäkelä , based on the story of a notorious real-life family of criminals . It was the second most successful film in Finnish theatres after The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King in 2003 , taking in $ 4,778,324 . This makes the film one of the most successful Finnish films at the national box office of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8de018078afcb2fa0dff7f5b9fc99f5", "text": "Ultraman: The Next Ultraman : The Next , released in Japan simply as , is a 2004 Japanese science fiction tokusatsu superhero film directed by Kazuya Konaka and produced by Tsuburaya Productions . A reimagining of the Ultraman character and franchise , the film was part of the `` Ultra N Project '' , a three-phase experiment aimed to reinvent the franchise for an older audience . Ultraman : The Next was released in Japan on December 4 , 2004 but had its premiere at Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood on June 25 , 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aa93011689555ed3429c618d359e5b7", "text": "Artworks (film) Artworks is a 2003 crime film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d1c75963f4f18fd39934314e0d3819", "text": "Fallen Angel (2003 film) Fallen Angel is a 2003 Hallmark Hall of Fame television film starring Gary Sinese and Joely Richardson . It would be rerun in December 2004 and shown since on the Feeln on-demand movie service which shows many Hallmark Hall of Fame productions . It is based on the novel of the same name by Don Snyder , who also wrote the teleplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279b10a100e44bf8bd4b835b271889e5", "text": "The Fourth World War The Fourth World War is a 2003 feature film directed by Richard Rowley .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bcc29c345a22d0e7d5eee004424b509e", "text": "Cersei Lannister Cersei Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones , where she is portrayed by Lena Headey . In the novels , she is a point of view character . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Cersei is a member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the kingdom of Westeros . She subsequently appeared in A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . She becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning in A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) and A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) . The character will also appear in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter . In the story , Cersei Lannister , Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros , is the wife of King Robert Baratheon . Her father arranged the marriage , after his attempt to betroth her to Rhaegar Targaryen as she wanted failed and Targaryen dynasty lost the war , initiating himself as a political counselor for the newly crowned King Robert . The Lannisters are the richest family in Westeros and helped him to win the Throne , which is why Robert was interested in a marriage between them . Cersei has a twin brother , Jaime , with whom she has been involved in an incestuous affair . All three of Cersei 's children are Jaime 's . Cersei 's main character attribute is her desire for power and her ambition . Headey has garnered enormous praise for her portrayal of the character on the HBO series Game of Thrones . Headey has been nominated for three Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her performance . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 . In season 5 , a young version of the character is portrayed by Nell Williams in a flashback .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6e1b35eecf2d1ed5f9e9cc6d139f36cf", "text": "Torenth (fictional) Torenth is a fictional kingdom in the Deryni series of historical fantasy novels by Katherine Kurtz . It lies to the east of the Kingdom of Gwynedd , and the rulers of the two kingdoms often oppose each other , with the Torenthi monarchs serving as antagonists to the Haldane kings that are the primary protagonists of the novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f3c23169a1eec011855d32099bc2a33", "text": "Game of Thrones: Season 3 (soundtrack) The soundtrack album of the third season of HBO series Game of Thrones , titled Game of Thrones : Season 3 , was released digitally on June 4 , 2013 , and on CD on July 2 , 2013 . The album was composed by Ramin Djawadi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edce6129746dbcdd7e8a0031b100f202", "text": "The Bane Chronicles The Bane Chronicles is a series of connected novellas featuring the character of Magnus Bane from Cassandra Clare 's The Mortal Instruments series . The novellas are co-written by Clare , Maureen Johnson , and Sarah Rees Brennan . Release of the novellas began in April 2013 in e-book and audio versions , and were released in a combined print edition in November 2014 . The Bane Chronicles has appeared on the New York Times Bestsellers list for Children 's Books a number of times beginning in July 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3e8f88cade417fdd890c4134da7899a", "text": "The Magisterium Series The Magisterium Series is intended to be a 5-book series for young adults . It is a fantasy series co-authored by Holly Black and Cassandra Clare . It is their first collaboration . The series was acquired by Scholastic in April 2012 . The first book , The Iron Trial , was published in September 2014 , and hit third on the New York Times Middle Grade Bestseller List . The series is set in an underground school where mages train apprentices to control the elements . The books are illustrated by Scott Fischer . The main characters are Callum Hunt , Tamara Rajavi , Aaron Stewart , Master Rufus , and Havoc , Call 's pet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de2148c0682c3bcf2df0137115bbdc92", "text": "The Bone Season The Bone Season is a supernatural dystopian novel by British writer Samantha Shannon and is her debut novel . The novel was published on 20 August 2013 by Bloomsbury Publishing and is the first of a seven book series . Film rights to Bone Season have been sold to Andy Serkis 's Imaginarium Studios . The Bone Season was also named the first book in NBC 's Today show 's monthly book club . Of the novel , Shannon stated that she wondered what would happen if `` dystopia dealt with the supernatural '' and if there were a second Salem Witch Trials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9304371daeb89b3b82108d9f50a3e550", "text": "Shadowhunters Shadowhunters ( also known as Shadowhunters : The Mortal Instruments ) is an American fantasy television series that is loosely based on The Mortal Instruments by Cassandra Clare , and developed for television by Ed Decter . It is the second adaptation of the novel series , after the 2013 film The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , which like Shadowhunters was produced by Constantin Film . The show received a straight-to-series order on March 30 , 2015 , and premiered on January 12 , 2016 on Freeform . In March 2016 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 20 episodes , which premiered on January 2 , 2017 . In April 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1857b19c0dc80f22ef8230b35ea57afc", "text": "Mhysa `` Mhysa '' is the third season finale of the American medieval epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 30th episode overall . Written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by David Nutter , it originally aired on on HBO in the United States . The episode revolves on the aftermath of the events instigated by `` The Red Wedding '' : House Frey receives the Seat of Riverrun , Roose Bolton is appointed the new `` Warden of the North '' , while House Greyjoy begins a new military campaign . In the North , Maester Aemon sends out ravens to alert the whole of Westeros about the arrival of the White Walkers . And across the narrow sea , the freed slaves of Yunkai hail Daenerys as their `` mhysa '' , the Ghiscari language 's word for `` mother '' . According to Nielsen Media Research , `` Mhysa '' was seen by 5.4 million household viewers in the United States , a twenty-eight percent increase compared to the second season finale , `` Valar Morghulis '' . After its broadcast , the episode received generally positive reviews from television critics , with some of them addressing its anti-climactic closure of the series ' third season , and its establishment of potential storylines for the fourth season , such as through the final scene 's `` glimmer of hope '' . The episode received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series at the 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23585aef9ebc6c14724579bca7249e4b", "text": "The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 . The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ffd9ff0fe412761331451d78f58240", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million . The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner . Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05d1a3b725269fe65a76a4abcce70fcc", "text": "The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid 's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood . Set in a near-future New England , in a totalitarian theocracy that has overthrown the United States government , the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence . The novel 's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales , which comprises a series of connected stories ( `` The Merchant 's Tale '' , `` The Parson 's Tale '' , etc. ) . The Handmaid 's Tale won the 1985 Governor General 's Award and the first Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987 ; it was also nominated for the 1986 Nebula Award , the 1986 Booker Prize , and the 1987 Prometheus Award . The book has been adapted into a film ( 1990 ) , an opera ( 2000 ) , a TV series ( 2017 ) , and other media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904a52308a902f1fd861fe8c9cdf39ad", "text": "Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter . Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e5827d6f20d94d6fe775297e58cda62", "text": "Dragon Hunters Dragon Hunters is a French 52-episode 24-minute animated fantasy comedy television series created by Arthur Qwak and produced by the French company Futurikon . It follows the adventures of two hunters for hire through a medieval world of floating land masses that is terrorized by a widely varying menace of monsters known collectively as dragons . A 3-D feature film and a videogame based on the film have also been released . The original French title is Chasseurs de Dragons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d22d9f72b4f8005f464a9df3675e93", "text": "Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5886f40111b7b9b246557a9858e5e20", "text": "Catherine (1986 TV series) Catherine - a French TV series produced for Antenne 2 channel in 1986 . It was based on the series of `` Catherine '' novels written by Juliette Benzoni . The series was directed by Marion Sarraut , who had already successfully brought on TV another of Madame Benzoni 's work - Marianne . The director had the author 's assistance going so far as working together , like mother and daughter , to work on the best-seller Catherine . Two years of preparation , fifteen months of shooting , two hundred actors - over fifteen hundred costumes . The episodes were not to be seen in prime time - but from 13:30 - 14:00 each afternoon . The production was nevertheless a huge success . The readers of the books were more than satisfied with what Marion Sarraut had done to Catherine . To their great joy , the producers had adapted the seven books more or less truthfully . Some minor changes had to be made , probably also because of the small bugdet they had at their disposal . Claudine Ancelot was a perfect Catherine . At her side , Pierre-Marie Escourrou as her great love Arnaud de Montsalvy . Pascale Petit was Sara , Benoît Brione was the evil Gilles de Rais , and Geneviève Casile Queen Yolande . For over two decades , the story of `` Catherine and Arnaud '' had vanished . In December 2007 the French company France Loisirs started releasing the long awaited Catherine Il suffit d'un amour TV-Serie on DVD . At the moment the whole TV series has been released on 5 double DVDs .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b25ab07475379188019dd27d18f64a1b", "text": "Tony Bill Gerard Anthony `` Tony '' Bill ( born August 23 , 1940 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He produced the 1973 movie The Sting , for which he shared the Academy Award for Best Picture with Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips . As an actor , Bill has had supporting roles in films including Come Blow Your Horn ( 1963 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , Pee-Wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) , and Less Than Zero ( 1987 ) . He made his directorial debut with My Bodyguard ( 1980 ) , and has since directed movies like Six Weeks ( 1982 ) , Five Corners ( 1987 ) , Crazy People ( 1990 ) , and Flyboys ( 2006 ) . He often casts Dudley Moore in his films .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48929d0db43509ad9e93c04b85b6cea4", "text": "Gran Torino Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film co-stars Christopher Carley , Bee Vang and Ahney Her . This was Eastwood 's first starring role since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby . The film features a large Hmong American cast , as well as one of Eastwood 's younger sons , Scott . Eastwood 's oldest son , Kyle , provided the score . Gran Torino opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12 , 2008 , and later to a worldwide release on January 9 , 2009 . Set in Detroit , Michigan , it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans . Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975 . The story follows Walt Kowalski , a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world . Walt 's young neighbor , Thao Vang Lor , is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt 's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino for his initiation into a gang . Walt thwarts the theft with his M1 Garand rifle and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family . Gran Torino was a critical and commercial success , grossing nearly $ 270 million worldwide ( making it Eastwood 's second highest-grossing film to date ) . Within the Hmong community in the United States , the film received both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa4fef8d33048dba12a88f5a9ee917d", "text": "Bill Thurman Bill Thurman ( November 4 , 1920 -- April 13 , 1995 ) was an American film and television actor . From the early 1960s until his death in 1995 , he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films , often playing `` redneck types '' or sheriffs . He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films , for example In the Year 2889 and ` It 's Alive ! ' . Thurman was one of those Southern actors who were specialized in so called `` regional '' pictures , films which were made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States . However , Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played the Coach Popper , the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman , in Peter Bogdanovich 's classic The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) . The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial . One of his last big roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2199c5660e63b9e7fa26d4efbedcb452", "text": "Door to Door (film) Door to Door is a 2002 television film about Bill Porter , an inspiring and successful door-to-door salesman with cerebral palsy . The film stars William H. Macy , who plays Porter , and also features Helen Mirren , Kyra Sedgwick , Michael Shanks and Kathy Baker . Door to Door , directed by Steven Schachter , was produced for the TNT cable network . It was nominated for twelve and won six Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Made for Television Movie , and also won a Peabody Award . Porter had been told for many years that he was not employable , but he was determined to succeed and focused his efforts into working as a salesman for Watkins . Despite the awkwardness and pain of his condition , he would walk eight to ten miles a day to meet his customers . Porter supported himself and continued to work as a salesman until age 69 . Door to Door is also the name of a 2009 Japanese TV movie starring Kazunari Ninomiya loosely based on the Bill Porter story set in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fe87dffebba5afa217a94590cf66a4", "text": "Bill Cracks Down Bill Cracks Down is a 1937 American film directed by William Nigh . The film is also known as Men of Steel in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d303cc4ded81bc3802c8beeb0d19b926", "text": "Paycheck (film) Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction thriller film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick . The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck , Uma Thurman and Aaron Eckhart . Paul Giamatti , Michael C. Hall , Joe Morton and Colm Feore also appear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a29b0dd6ce357bd0a90f8d8828818544", "text": "Tony Berg Anthony Rains `` Tony '' Berg ( born October 21 , 1954 in Connecticut ) is an American musician , record producer , and A&R man , in which role he has been described as an `` industry guru '' . Berg 's music career began in the late 1970s , when he was a session guitarist who appeared on several notable releases including Air Supply , Debby Boone , The Rocky Horror Picture Show and several Muppet Show releases . It the early 1980s , Berg founded Zeitgeist Studios . His first major success was with Michael Penn 's 1989 debut March . From there Berg went on to produce Edie Brickell , Public Image Limited , Altered State , and Aimee Mann as well as an extensive collection of other artists . In the early 1990s , Berg became an A&R exec with Geffen Records where he played a role in signing artists such as Beck , Wild Colonials , Black Rebel Motorcycle Club , At the Drive-In etc. . During this time he continued to produce records and play on a wide variety of releases including Peter Gabriel 's Up . In 2004 Berg founded Three Records with industry veteran Michael Rosenblatt and super producer Eric Valentine . Their first release was Mellowdrone 's Box .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12ed01cfca43018e6838521bf96aff3f", "text": "Mr. Saturday Night Mr. Saturday Night is a 1992 American comedy-drama film that marks the directorial debut of its star , Billy Crystal . It focuses on the rise and fall of Buddy Young Jr. , a stand-up comedian . Crystal produced and co-wrote the screenplay with the writing duo Babaloo Mandel and Lowell Ganz . It was filmed from November 1991 to March 1992 and released on September 23 , 1992 , by Columbia Pictures . Co-star David Paymer received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . The opening title sequence was designed by Elaine and Saul Bass . The film is based on the Saturday Night Live Weekend Update sketch in which Billy Crystal plays Buddy Young Jr. reviewing a restaurant he went to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25d72c6328fab712fa22a5aa22a02669", "text": "Last Night at the Alamo Last Night at the Alamo is a 1983 American black-and-white independent film directed and co-produced by Eagle Pennell , written and co-produced by Kim Henkel and starring Sonny Carl Davis and Lou Perryman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f12113ffa2a6df4e1dfaf3133e3e653b", "text": "Assault on Wall Street Assault on Wall Street ( also known as Attack on Wall Street and formerly known as Bailout : The Age of Greed ) is a 2013 action thriller film written and directed by Uwe Boll , and starring Dominic Purcell . The film stars Purcell as a security guard who struggles to pay for his wife 's medical bills and loses his investments in the 2007 -- 08 financial crisis , prompting a shooting spree on Wall Street after his wife takes her own life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e41ef3f6650bc75c4daa0feae3e2e03e", "text": "Anna Biller Anna Biller is an independent American filmmaker who was born and raised in Los Angeles . She is known for her visual style , and for her use of period genres and satire . Her background is mainly in art ( her father is a visual artist , and she has a B.A. in art from U.C.L.A. and an MFA in art and film from The California Institute of the Arts ) . Her 2007 feature film Viva premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and won the Best of Fest Award at the Boston Underground Film Festival . The film was also entered into the main competition at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival . Reason magazine called Viva an `` uncannily precise rendition of the look , sound , mood , and arch dialogue '' of seventies sexploitation films , with `` high-key , pseudo-Technicolor lighting and spare , colorful set design . '' Her latest film , The Love Witch , is a twist on classic serial killer films , featuring a female killer who kills through calculated sexuality , causing her male victims to fall too much in love . Richard Brody of The New Yorker said of The Love Witch , `` Biller puts genre to the test of do-it-yourself artistry , and puts feminist ideology itself to the test of style . The film pulsates with furious creative energy throughout , sparking excitement and giddy amazement that it even exists . '' In May 2016 , The Love Witch was acquired for distribution by Oscilloscope Laboratories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3ed33139ddf292ea0c43809d6c8e5e", "text": "Chantal (film) Chantal is a 2007 direct-to-video film written and directed by Tony Marsiglia about a small town girl wanting to make it big in Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d35f3c5c48b1fbd93d483c68be2fc92", "text": "Buffalo '66 Buffalo '66 is a 1998 comedy-drama film that is writer-director Vincent Gallo 's full-length motion picture debut . Vincent Gallo and Christina Ricci star in the lead roles and the supporting cast includes Mickey Rourke , Rosanna Arquette , Ben Gazzara , and Anjelica Huston . Gallo also composed and performed much of the music for the film . The film received critical acclaim and Empire listed it as the 36th-greatest independent film ever made . It was filmed in and around Gallo 's native Buffalo , New York in winter . The film uses British progressive rock music in its soundtrack , notably King Crimson and Yes . The title refers to the Buffalo Bills football team , with the number referring to the statement , `` They have n't won a championship since 1966 . '' This is critical to the plot which focuses on the Super Bowl in which the Bills , in the early 1990s , came very close to winning , but the game was blown with a missed field goal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f5e12c161800424c6535fc340899eef", "text": "Black Hawk Down (film) Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu . The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials . In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e843454bb5c0f7ee1c0e0d78e6c71015", "text": "Kill Bill Kill Bill is an American two-part martial arts film series , and the fourth film overall that was written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . It was originally set to be released as one film , but with a running time of over four hours , it was separated into two films : Kill Bill : Volume 1 , released in late 2003 , and Kill Bill : Volume 2 , released in early 2004 . The original four-hour cut , retitled Kill Bill : The Whole Bloody Affair , was screened at select cinemas in 2011 . Tarantino has discussed the possibility of a third Kill Bill film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7948ef852a05a5144a25f3394752773", "text": "Million Dollar Bill (album) Million Dollar Bill is the debut album by Australian musician Billy Thorpe , released in 1975 . The album spawned the singles `` It 's Almost Summer '' , `` Drive My Car '' , `` Do the Best You Can '' and `` Mama Told Her '' . The album peaked at number 37 on the Kent Music Report in Australia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f9ae8267537eb0eed9a7d438c1573f52", "text": "Colin Quinn Colin Edward Quinn ( born June 6 , 1959 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , and writer . On television , he is best known for his work on Saturday Night Live , where he anchored Weekend Update , on MTV 's 1980s game show Remote Control , where he served as the announcer/sidekick , and as host of Comedy Central 's late-night panel show Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn . Notable film work includes his role as Dooey in A Night at the Roxbury , Dickey Bailey in the Grown Ups films and playing Amy Schumer 's father in the film Trainwreck . Comedians such as Jerry Seinfeld and Dave Attell cite him as the quintessential New York comedian . Quinn has also become known for his comedic one-man shows that offer his unique takes on history and growing up in New York City . As of 2015 , he has written and starred in five shows : Irish Wake , My Two Cents , Long Story Short , Unconstitutional , and The New York Story , two of which he collaborated on with Seinfeld as director . Long Story Short was filmed as an HBO special that aired on April 9 , 2011 and Unconstitutional and The New York Story were released as Netflix specials .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c19ad8af815f192d114f9135c7eb0266", "text": "Colin Crompton George Colin Crompton ( 22 June 1931 -- 24 August 1985 ) was an English stand-up comedian . Crompton was born in Manchester , Lancashire , and found fame on the Granada Television programme The Comedians in the early 1970s . From 1974 to 1977 he was also the `` club chairman '' in another Granada programme , The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club . An attempt by producer Johnnie Hamp to reproduce the atmosphere of the working men 's clubs in a television studio , Crompton was famous for ringing a hand-operated fire alarm bell and telling the audience to `` give order '' when making announcements from `` the committee '' in between acts . He wrote his own scripts , with occasional additions by Neil Shand . The MC for the show , Bernard Manning , claimed he was cast in the role because he `` had been on The Comedians and he had that gormless look about him so he was ideal . '' According to Johnnie Hamp : `` Colin was criticised by real club chairmen for the way he acted . One actual club chairman wanted to appear and have it out with him on the show . He came along and met Colin , who was dressed in a very good suit , very smart , and here was this man looking more of a caricature than Colin ever did . '' Later , Crompton also had a small role as ` Roughage ' in the film Confessions from a Holiday Camp in 1977 . A favourite moment during The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club was when he rang his bell to interrupt ventriloquist Ray Alan halfway through his act : '' ... excuse me Mr. Allen we 've had some complaints that they ca n't quite hear you at the back . Could you hold your dummy a little closer to the microphone please ? '' This particular joke , like the character of the club chairman itself , owed a heavy debt to the comedian Norman Collier . In later life Crompton bought and ran a pub called the Birch and Bottle in Whitley , Cheshire . He died of lung cancer at the age of 54 . He was survived by his three children , Cheryl , Erica and John .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a86db93dcd8479c2ae9e75f6dbce6f7", "text": "Colin Clark Colin Clark may refer to : Colin Clark ( economist ) ( 1905 -- 1989 ) , British and Australian economist and statistician Colin Clark ( soccer ) ( born 1984 ) , American soccer player Colin Clark ( filmmaker ) ( 1932 -- 2002 ) , British writer and filmmaker Colin Clark of the Clark baronets Colin Clark ( golfer ) in NCAA Division III Men 's Golf Championships `` Colin Clark '' , the name under which Kryptonian orphan Kal-El ( a.k.a. Superman ) is raised in the alternate universe of Superman : True Brit Colin W. Clark , Canadian mathematician and behavioural ecologist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd9b4479b56935c864cfd4a7a4b0cf82", "text": "Colin Bruce (disambiguation) Colin Bruce is a British science writer . Colin Bruce may also refer to : Colin S. Bruce ( born 1965 ) , United States judge Colin Bruce ( actor ) in Gotham ( film ) etc. . Colin Bruce , editor and chief compiler of Standard Catalog of World Coins", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397d73046fb1223b8039fd08af7616af", "text": "Ben Travers Ben Travers CBE AFC ( 12 November 1886 -- 18 December 1980 ) was an English writer . His output includes more than twenty plays , thirty screenplays , five novels , and three volumes of memoirs . He is best remembered for his long-running series of farces first staged in the 1920s and 1930s at the Aldwych Theatre . Many of these were made into films and later television productions . After working for some years in his family 's wholesale grocery business , which he detested , Travers was given a job by the publisher John Lane in 1911 . After service as a pilot in the First World War , he began to write novels and plays . He turned his 1921 novel , The Dippers , into a play that was first produced in the West End in 1922 . His big break came in 1925 , when the actor-manager Tom Walls bought the performing rights to his play A Cuckoo in the Nest , which ran for more than a year at the Aldwych . He followed this success with eight more farces for Walls and his team ; the last in the series closed in 1933 . Most of the farces were adapted for film in the 1930s and 1940s , with Travers writing the screenplays for eight of them . After the Aldwych series came to a close , in 1935 Travers wrote a serious play with a religious theme . It was unsuccessful , and he returned to comedy . Of his later farces only one , Banana Ridge ( 1938 ) , rivalled the runs of his 1920s hits ; it was filmed in 1942 . During the Second World War Travers served in the Royal Air Force , working in intelligence , and later served at the Ministry of Information , while producing two well-received plays . After the war Travers 's output declined ; he had a long fallow period after the death of his wife in 1951 , although he collaborated on a few revivals and adaptations of his earlier work . He returned to playwriting in 1968 . He was inspired to write a new comedy in the early 1970s after the abolition of theatre censorship in Britain permitted him to write without evasion about sexual activities , one of his favourite topics . The resulting play , The Bed Before Yesterday ( 1975 ) , presented when he was 89 , was the longest-running of all his stage works , easily outplaying any of his Aldwych farces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7f9a72fc9d1efdf331150199a035ae5", "text": "Colin MacIntyre Colin MacIntyre ( born 8 April 1971 ) is a Scottish musician and novelist . A singer , song-writer , and multi-instrumentalist , he has released five albums under the name Mull Historical Society as well as two albums under his own name . His most successful album , Mull Historical Society 's Us ( 2003 ) , reached number 19 in the UK Albums Chart . His debut novel , The Letters of Ivor Punch , was published in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df298a2b2bde75ac8dc23ee41fd01354", "text": "Tom Quinn (Spooks) Tom Quinn is a fictional character in the BBC espionage television series Spooks ( called MI-5 in the United States ) , which follows the exploits of Section D , a counter-terrorism division of MI5 . He is portrayed by British actor Matthew Macfadyen . In the first two series , Tom is the chief of Section D . The character was in the first and second episode of the third series but was decommissioned as a result of sabotaging an operation . Series creator David Wolstencroft believed that writing Tom was the most fun , yet hardest to work on . During the second series , the producers were unsure whether Macfadyen would return for the third ; because of this , Tom was originally killed in the second series finale . However , when Macfadyen decided to appear in the first two episodes of the third series , series writer Howard Brenton had to `` unkill him . '' Reaction towards the character by fans were positive , though critics were mixed about Macfadyen 's portrayal . Tom Quinn would later appear again as a cameo on the final episode of Spooks ; his brief return was met with generally positive reactions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a97e223765f22019e64eb30207fe667e", "text": "Peggy O'Shea Mary Margaret `` Peggy '' O'Shea ( October 3 , 1922 -- May 1 , 2014 ) was an American screenwriter for soap operas . Born in Niagara Falls , New York , she began writing for television with her former husband Lou Shaw for such series as Dr. Kildare , Ben Casey , and Have Gun -- Will Travel . She would later serve as head writer for One Life to Live from 1979 to 1983 , Capitol from 1983 to 1984 , and again for OLTL from 1984 to 1987 . She also wrote for Peyton Place . She won a Writers Guild of America Award and a Daytime Emmy Award for her work on OLTL . She was also nominated for a total of four WGA Awards and five Daytime Emmys . While writing for OLTL , O'Shea lived in New York City , but she would move to live in Los Angeles . On May 1 , 2014 , she died of complications from a stroke . She was 91 . She was survived by a son from her marriage to Shaw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e50f2c8297c7045ca7c7f686e731a4a9", "text": "Pat Quinn (copywriter) Patrick `` Pat '' Quinn ( 1937 , London -- , Melrose , Scotland ) was a professional advertising copywriter and author who was also an aeroplane pilot and active in the Edinburgh music scene . Quinn had 40 years ' experience of the advertising business , and was also an advertising industry trainer and seminar leader . After moving to Scotland , he was a jazz critic for the Edinburgh Evening News . He died of prostate cancer on 13 June 2008 at Borders General Hospital in Melrose , Scotland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df181b595dbb9a5230cf8ecb56e5330a", "text": "Providence: The Story of a Fifty-Year Vision Quest Providence : The Story of a Fifty-Year Vision Quest is a book by Daniel Quinn , published in 1994 , and written largely as an autobiography blended with additional philosophical reflections . It details how Quinn arrived at the ideas behind his 1992 novel Ishmael and articulates upon some of these ideas . Although primarily nonfiction in content , Providence is written with a fictional backdrop , in which the reader is presented as someone who has read Ishmael and sneaked into Daniel Quinn 's house at night to ask Quinn for further information regarding his inspirations for the novel and its philosophical ideas . Quinn , though tired , welcomes the reader into his house and opens himself up to the reader 's questions . Throughout the story , Quinn narrates as though replying to questions asked by ( the character of ) the reader , which Quinn `` restates '' in his answers and explanations ; the voice of the reader is never directly heard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0b40ab107845dae5414e90e4c3615", "text": "Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' . The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows : Fiction William Boyd - Any Human Heart Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up ! Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal Nick Hornby - How to Be Good Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story Matthew Kneale - English Passengers Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now Ali Smith - The Accidental Zadie Smith - White Teeth Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Pat Barker - Regeneration Non-fiction Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival Niall Ferguson - Empire Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World Malcolm Gladwell - Blink Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation Crime Donna Tartt - The Secret History P. D. James - A Certain Justice John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders Alex Garland - The Beach Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy Travel and adventure Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari Biography Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life Jeremy Paxman - The English Essays Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson Alistair Cooke - Letter from America", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe666db95f7b00c8d0866dfb98e190a8", "text": "Patricia Leitch Patricia Leitch born 13 July 1933 , Paisley , Renfrewshire , Scotland , died 28 July 2015 , was a Scottish writer , best known for her series of children 's books in the pony story genre about Jinny Manders and her wild , traumatised Arabian horse Shantih , set in the Scottish Highlands . The 12 books in the Jinny series were published between 1976 and 1988 by Armada . They are currently in reprint by Catnip Publishers The Jinny series books often contain this brief biographical information : `` Patricia Leitch started riding when a friend persuaded her to go on a pony trekking holiday - and by the following summer she had her own Highland pony , Kirsty . She wrote her first book shortly after this and writing is now her full-time occupation , but she has also done all sorts of different jobs , including being a riding-school instructor , groom , teacher and librarian . She lives in Renfrewshire , Scotland , with a bearded collie called Meg . '' Patricia Leitch was a vegan . Animal welfare and vegetarianism are strong themes in her books . Celtic , Arabic and Buddhist mythology and philosophy are also frequently referred to . The Jinny series marks a significant departure from the traditional ` tweedy ' horse and pony stories aimed at middle-class children . Jinny is a scruffy , willful , tom-boyish girl who does n't have any social or romantic aspirations . Serious social justice issues are raised throughout the series , forcing Jinny to confront her own prejudices and character faults . Underlying the series is a sense of predestination deriving from Celtic mythology . Jinny is portrayed as a gifted or chosen child with special and dangerous tasks to perform , guided by mysterious and sometimes frightening characters such as the Red Horse ( agent of the Celtic Horse Goddess Epona ) and the Walker . In this way it resembles the Dark Is Rising sequence by Susan Cooper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ebb78c6909b69ecd83afcb0bb21bed4", "text": "Jane Bryant Quinn Jane Bryant Quinn ( born February 5 , 1939 ) is an American financial journalist . She is one of the nation 's leading commentators on personal finance . Her policy columns have addressed matters of top concern to citizens , including investor protection , health insurance , Social Security , and the sufficiency of retirement plans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01e0c5bf1dd90c6ba3c9ed54e44fd36e", "text": "Pegarty Long Pegarty Long ( born August 17 , 1940 in New York City , New York ) is a film producer and director , best known for the campy horror movie An Irish Vampire in Hollywood ( 2007 ) and the experimental film Incision ( 1999 ) . She runs Raven Productions ( in Venice , CA ) , a production company for film and literature , whose catalogue includes these poetry books : `` The Prose and Poetry of John Thomas , `` The Collected Poems of Philomene Long , '' `` Memoirs of a Nun on Fire , '' and `` Bukowski in the Bathtub , '' about Charles Bukowski Pegarty lives in Venice , California . She is the twin sister of the poet Philomene Long . Reviews of An Irish Vampire in Hollywood Winner Best Film Score The International Moondance Film Festival . `` Utterly fantastic ! Most cinema is boring . This film is different , creative and artistic . Better than Batman ! '' - Peter McCarthy , Producer-Director `` Repo Man '' , `` Sid & Nancy '' , `` Floundering '' `` Death and Taxes '' . `` I was very taken with the film , by its poetic sensibility and often arresting images and by the narrative permutations you brought to the vampire genre . Conjuring up a vivid and indelible world , you present an Ireland admittedly a `` tad '' darker than say John Ford in The Quiet Man but no less evocative . '' - Robert Dawson , Award-Winning Movie Titleler ` The Doors '' , `` Point Break '' , `` Gladiator '' , `` X Men '' . `` The Irish Vampire Goes West '' , is the first Irish vampire film . '' - Kim Newman The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies `` Art / vampire . Pegarty Long has discovered a new genre . Reminds one a bit , stylistically , of the German expressionists , especially NOSEFERATU . '' - Peter Belsito , Founder Filmfinders , Producer `` Tarkowsky : Time Within Time '' . `` A beautifully shot film . `` Irish Vampire '' brought back my evenings in the underground cinema of the 60s . Too bad it 's not still with us , because then you have a camp cult classic on your hands . - Wanda Coleman , Award-Winning Poet , Writer `` Mad Dog Black Lady , `` A War of Eyes and Other Stories '' . `` Timelessly classical . '' - Jeanne Collachia , Director , Editor , Producer `` Bread and Salt '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecddc8c9a60db18fa9937da0add0c4ba", "text": "Human Writes Human Writes is a long established , non-profit organization founded for the purpose of befriending prisoners on Death Row in the USA . Whilst they are against the death penalty , the organisation does not campaign as such , its main remit being the befriending , and in many ways ` humanising ' of inmates through letter writing : `` Receiving letters can make a huge difference to -LSB- prisoners ' -RSB- quality of life ; prisoners speak of us as their sunshine or their window on the world . Above all , they value being able to have a normal conversation with someone and the feeling that someone cares . '' ( * Human Writes website ` Human Writes ' is not linked to any particular political or religious groups . The organisation has become well known internationally though and many prominent public figures actively encourage and support the work that they do , among them the former Archbishop of Canterbury , Dr. Rowan Williams , who describes the organisation 's aims as : `` A small but hugely significant witness , telling someone that they are not facing death alone . '' ` Human Writes ' has become generally known and accepted by the US prison authorities as a reputable organisation , working within the parameters of their systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79b5404437adac07e7781532026a5c4b", "text": "Steve Regan Steve Regan ( born 1958 in Wigan ) is a UK-based journalist and television critic who worked for the ORACLE teletext service during the 1980s and early 1990s . For many years he wrote a popular column on the service under the pseudonym Sam Brady in which he regularly poured scorn on the `` middle class blandies '' he believed were running the British television industry . The column was very popular with viewers and when ORACLE closed on 31 December 1992 , the column was taken up by its replacement Teletext on 3 . It continued for nine years until it was dropped following a change in direction by Teletext . From the mid-1990s Regan wrote columns for the Hull Daily Mail ( where he became known as the King of Hull ) , the Whitstable Times , the Kentish Times and the Moorlands Trader ( Staffordshire ) . He is now working as a communications director . He writes a blog under his real name , and he also writes as Sam Brady , but again now as a blogger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b6ba0e7c26479c3d4a5d1b22ca96e88", "text": "Len Doherty Len Doherty ( 1930 -- 1983 ) was a British miner , journalist and writer . He has been named as `` among the most important practitioners of the socialist novel in Britain . '' Born in Maryhill , Glasgow in 1930 , Doherty moved with his family to Yorkshire , England in the 1940s and started work as a miner at the age of 17 . In the mid 1950s while working at Thurcroft Colliery near Rotheram he became active in the local Communist Party and was one of a number of working class writers of the period sponsored by the Party and published by in-house company Lawrence and Wishart . His 1955 debut novel A Miner 's Sons was the most successful of its type . Second novel The Man Beneath appeared in 1957 ; Doherty left the Party the same year and began work as a journalist for the Sheffield Star , later becoming chief leader writer . Third and final completed novel The Good Lion was published in 1958 and praised in The Spectator . Doherty was the model for the character of ` Davie ' in Clancy Sigal 's semi-autobiographical 1960 novel Weekend in Dinlock , the pair becoming friends after having been introduced by Doris Lessing . His writing was also an influence on Stan Barstow . According to Sid Chaplin , Doherty was part of a `` Northern writers ' mafia '' brought together by media coverage of kitchen sink/angry young men literature of the period , including Chaplin , Barstow , John Braine and Keith Waterhouse . Doherty was named Provincial Journalist of the Year in 1969 , which led to foreign assignments . In February 1970 , he was one of several passengers injured in a terrorist attack by the PDFLP at Munich airport while on a return El Al flight from a trip to Israel , which affected his career and health . He committed suicide in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f21bf5f4f988d0348a68e33cd9e566dc", "text": "Harry Wingfield John Henry `` Harry '' Wingfield ( 4 December 1910 -- 5 March 2002 ) was an English illustrator , best known for his drawings that illustrated the Ladybird Books Key Words Reading Scheme ( also known as Peter and Jane ) in the 1960s through to the 1980s , which sold over 80 million copies worldwide . Wingfield was born in Denby , near Derby , the son of a blastfurnace man . He grew up in Manchester and Derbyshire . Hoping to become an engineer , he failed to obtain an apprenticeship to Rolls Royce because of his stammer , he started his first job , in an advertising agency in Derby , aged 16 , and then worked in Walsall and Birmingham . He took evening classes in drawing , where he met his wife , Ethel and he served in the RAF in the Second World War as a driver in the RAF regiment . Based in the Azores he painted camouflage but also gained a reputation for painting portraits of colleagues and family members . He worked as a graphic designer when he returned to England before working as a freelance illustrator for Ladybird in the 1950s . His watercolours , along with those of Martin Aitchison , provided strong images to accompany the simple text devised by William Murray . Wingfield 's wife Ethel , as an expert in early learning , was a significant collaborator . His best-known work accompanied books in the Key Words Reading Scheme brought out by Ladybird as competition to the American Janet and John books . They conformed to stereotypes , with neat , obedient children ; Peter helping Daddy with the car or in the garden , and Jane helping Mummy in the kitchen . They featured images initially based on photography of families on new council estates of the period , a market they targeted with phenomenal success . Within a few years , new lifestyles meant that Wingfield 's images were looking out of date , so he modernised the illustrations in the 1970s . The children became scruffier , and the domestic settings changed , though the books never truly reflected the social changes of the period . Wingfield remained a freelance for most of his life and in 1989 , Ladybird returned a catalogue of around 600 original pictures to him , some of which were sold at exhibition , but many of which he retained . He lived modestly , and after retirement continued to live in the house in Little Aston , near Walsall , where he had spent his working life as an artist . Exhibitions of Wingfield 's pictures were held in Walsall in 2002 and 2003 and across the UK , organised by Ladybird enthusiasts including the writer Cressida Connolly . His works , along with the books , have increased in value in recent years as Ladybird books and their accompanying illustrations have become more fashionable and therefore more collectable . In late 2014 Ladybird books received major UK media coverage with the release of an iconic ` covers ' collection to celebrate their 100th anniversary . Many of Harry Wingfield 's illustrations were reproduced in the UK media as part of that announcement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9da0c3e50b75803fa7f55d792dd1d9f1", "text": "Pat Kavanagh (agent) Patricia Olive `` Pat '' Kavanagh ( 31 January 1940 , Durban , South Africa -- 20 October 2008 , London , England ) was a British literary agent . Kavanagh was born in 1940 in Durban , South Africa , where her father was a journalist before and after his service as a fighter pilot in the SAAF during the Second World War . Her mother , Olive ( née Le Roux ) , was a pioneering public health inspector . Her half-sister , Julie Kavanagh , is a ballet critic . Her half-brother , Michael O'Brien , is a geologist living in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . She attended the University of Cape Town , but pursued an interest in acting . She had an uncredited , non-speaking role in Dylan Thomas 's Under Milk Wood after coming to Britain in 1964 . She did not get paid for the part , but , as she later recalled , she did `` get to snog Richard Burton '' . It marked the end of her acting career . While working for J. Walter Thompson as a copywriter , she answered an advertisement for a position as a literary agent . She was hired by `` legendary agent '' A. D. Peters who taught her how to negotiate and gave her responsibility for selling serialization and newspaper rights for the agency 's early group of clients , including Arthur Koestler , S. J. Perelman , Rebecca West and Tom Wolfe . She was married to , and was the literary agent of , the writer Julian Barnes . They lived in North London . In the 1980s , Kavanagh left Barnes for a relationship with author Jeanette Winterson , author of Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit , but later returned to the marriage . Winterson is said to have used the relationship as the basis of her novel The Passion ( 1987 ) . Kavanagh became the agent in 1985 of Martin Amis , who left her after 23 years to `` throw in his lot '' with American agent , Andrew Wylie , as part of an effort to get a large advance for his own novel , The Information . In 2001 , her employer , now known as Peters , Fraser & Dunlop , was purchased by CSS Stellar , a company specializing in sports marketing . Kavanagh was one of several former employees who left the company in September 2007 to form United Agents . Her clients left to join her at the new firm . She died of a brain tumour on 20 October 2008 in London , aged 68 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "31aac81e24c769d00419808e26d747ad", "text": "Moses Malone Moses Eugene Malone ( March 23 , 1955 -- September 13 , 2015 ) was an American basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) and the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1974 through 1995 . The center was named the NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) three times and was a 12-time NBA All-Star and an eight-time All-NBA selection . Malone won his only NBA championship in 1983 , when he was both the league and Finals MVP with the Philadelphia 76ers . He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2001 . Malone began his pro career out of high school after he was selected in the third round of the 1974 ABA Draft by the Utah Stars . He was named an ABA All-Star as a rookie and played two seasons in the league until it merged with the NBA in 1976 . He landed in the NBA with the Buffalo Braves , who traded him after two games to the Houston Rockets . Malone became a five-time All-Star in six seasons with the Rockets . After leading the NBA in rebounding in 1979 , he was named league MVP for the first time . He led the Rockets to the NBA Finals in 1981 , and won his second MVP award in 1982 . Malone was traded to Philadelphia the following season , when he repeated as MVP and led the 76ers to a championship in his first year . In his first of two stints with Philadelphia , he was an All-Star in each of his four seasons . Following another trade , Malone was an All-Star in his only two seasons with the Washington Bullets ( known later as the Wizards ) . He signed as a free agent with the Atlanta Hawks , earning his 12th straight and final All-Star selection in his first season . In his later years , he played with the Milwaukee Bucks before returning to the 76ers and completing his career with the San Antonio Spurs . Malone led the NBA in rebounding six times , including a then-record five straight seasons ( 1981 -- 1985 ) . He finished his career as the all-time leader in offensive rebounds after leading both the ABA and NBA in the category a combined nine times . Malone was nicknamed `` Chairman of the Boards '' for his rebounding prowess . Combining his ABA and NBA statistics , he ranks seventh all-time in career points ( 29,580 ) and third in total rebounds ( 17,834 ) . He was named to both the ABA All-Time Team and the NBA 's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a70ebcc90995eedf35bfee7068f7c1a", "text": "NBA Finals The NBA Finals is the seasonal championship series of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The entrants are determined by the victors of the Eastern and Western conferences , who engage in a best-of-seven game series to determine the league champion . The winners of the Finals are awarded the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy , which replaced the Walter A. Brown Trophy in 1983 . Prior to the 1949-50 season , the series was named the BAA Finals , before seeing alteration following the merger between the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) and the National Basketball League ( NBL ) which created the modern NBA . The competition oversaw further name changes to NBA World Championship Series from 1950 to 1982 , as well as a brief stint as the Showdown , before settling on NBA Finals in 1986 . The NBA Finals was initially structured to harbor a 2 -- 3 -- 2 format until 2013 , where the first and last two games of the series were played at the arena of the team who earned home court advantage by having the better record during the regular season . This was then altered as teams with home-court went 21 -- 8 in all Finals appearances . The competition is currently structured under a 2 -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 format , where the first two games are played at home for the higher seeded team , and the following two at the home of the lower seeded team . The following three are played at each team 's home arena respectively . A total of 19 franchises have won the NBA Finals . The Boston Celtics hold the record for the most victories , having won the competition 17 times , as well as winning the competition the most times in a row , winning it eight times from 1959 to 1966 . The Los Angeles Lakers have been runners-up the most times , losing fifteen finals . The Eastern Conference has provided the most champions , with 38 wins from eight franchises , while the Western Conference have 32 , also from eight franchises . The current champions are the Cleveland Cavaliers , who beat the Golden State Warriors in seven games in the 2016 Finals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "da4277598f81ce4dd04f958739997763", "text": "Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286fd59b30f28396b943b37fd15a937d", "text": "Michael Malone (basketball) Michael Malone ( born 1971 ) is an American professional basketball coach who is currently the head coach of the Denver Nuggets in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9bdb0d54d73e3ced82b49ab59d691c5", "text": "NBA Live 96 NBA Live 96 is the second installment of the NBA Live video games series . The PC and PlayStation covers features Shaquille O'Neal of the Orlando Magic , while the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis box covers show a photo of the tip-off to Game 1 of the 1995 NBA Finals . The game was published by EA Sports and released on November 30 , 1995 . The PlayStation and PC versions were the first games in the series to feature a 3D rendered court , allowing for multiple camera angles using EA 's `` Virtual Stadium '' technology ( also used by FIFA Soccer 96 ) . The on-court player graphics remained 2D sprites . It was also the first NBA Live game released for the PlayStation . NBA Live 96 is followed by NBA Live 97 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e48427c3eb829098e06ac4376a51684", "text": "1998 NBA Finals The 1998 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1998 playoffs of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the 1997 -- 98 NBA season . The Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls played against the Western Conference champion Utah Jazz , with the Jazz holding home-court advantage with the first 2 games in Salt Lake City . In a repeat of the previous year 's Finals , the Bulls won the series 4 games to 2 for their third consecutive NBA title and their sixth in eight seasons . Michael Jordan was voted the NBA Finals MVP of the series ( he also had won the award the last five times the Bulls won the Finals : 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , and 1997 ) . This would be his sixth NBA championship and sixth Finals MVP award in six full basketball seasons . Until 2014 , it was the last consecutive Finals rematch between two teams . The 1998 Finals garnered the highest Nielsen TV ratings in NBA history at 18.7 , and even surpassed the Nielsen ratings for the 1998 World Series , marking the first time the NBA had a higher rating in its championship round than of Major League Baseball 's championship round . The 1998 NBA season documentary `` Unforgettabulls '' was the first of five narrated by Will Lyman through NBA Entertainment , which recaps the entire Bulls ' season . Rick Telander narrates on the opening credits . Marv Albert narrates the timeline of Michael Jordan 's career with the Bulls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c47cd76d9d5e1f0b6d93112acc3ad6e3", "text": "Joe Smith (basketball) Joseph Leynard Smith ( born July 26 , 1975 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played at power forward position for 12 teams of the NBA during his 16-year career . Born and raised in Norfolk , Virginia , Smith was the College Player of the Year at Maryland in 1995 and the No. 1 pick of that season 's NBA draft , picked by the Golden State Warriors . He was named to the 1995 -- 96 All-Rookie team . Smith was mobile throughout his career , the NBA indicated that he was one of the most traded players . In 1998 , Smith was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers ; he then played for the Minnesota Timberwolves ( with a mid-way pitstop for the Detroit Pistons ) until 2003 . He later played for the Milwaukee Bucks , the Denver Nuggets , the 76ers again , the Chicago Bulls , the Oklahoma City Thunder , the Cleveland Cavaliers , the Atlanta Hawks , the New Jersey Nets , and the Los Angeles Lakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d945f989791166c585d7edc5fc263a9a", "text": "2004 NBA Finals The 2004 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 2003 -- 04 National Basketball Association season . The Finals were between the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference and the Detroit Pistons of the Eastern Conference ; the Lakers held home court advantage . The series was played under a best-of-seven format , so the first team to collect four game victories would win the series . Although the Lakers were the heavy favorite , the Pistons won the series four games to one to win their first title since 1990 and their fifth overall ( three NBA Championships , two NBL Championships ) . Pistons point guard Chauncey Billups was named as the NBA Finals MVP . The series was noted for the perceived underdog , the Pistons , dominating a Lakers team that had four future Hall of Famers . Pistons owner William Davidson became the first owner in sports history to win two championships in one year . Eight days earlier , the other team that Davidson owned , the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League had won the Stanley Cup in seven games over the Calgary Flames .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f84ad9b6d86f4ed66a51351fa174906", "text": "1996–97 Denver Nuggets season The 1996 -- 97 NBA season was the Nuggets ' 21st season in the National Basketball Association , and 30th season as a franchise . In the offseason , the Nuggets acquired Mark Jackson and Ricky Pierce from the Indiana Pacers while signing free agent Ervin Johnson . However , after a 4 -- 9 start to the season , Bernie Bickerstaff was forced out as head coach and replaced with Dick Motta , where the Nuggets then lost ten straight games along the way . Midway through the season , Jackson was traded back to the Indiana Pacers , while Pierce was dealt to the Charlotte Hornets . Meanwhile , the Nuggets signed free agent Kenny Smith , who won championships with the Houston Rockets . As the season drew , the Nuggets still struggled losing 26 of their final 30 games finishing fifth in the Midwest Division with a 21 -- 61 record . Despite playing just 55 games due to injury , LaPhonso Ellis led the team in scoring with a career high of 21.9 points per game . Following the season , second-year star Antonio McDyess was traded to the Phoenix Suns , Dale Ellis was traded back to the Seattle SuperSonics , Johnson was dealt to the Milwaukee Bucks , Tom Hammonds signed as a free agent with the Minnesota Timberwolves , Smith retired and Motta was fired as coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ff1570bb3a667557dcb83141f2cbbd", "text": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association All-Star Game Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given to the player ( s ) voted best of the annual All-Star Game . The award was established in 1953 when NBA officials decided to designate an MVP for each year 's game . The league also re-honored players from the previous two All-Star Games . Ed Macauley and Paul Arizin were selected as the 1951 and 1952 MVP winners respectively . The voting is conducted by a panel of media members , who cast their vote after the conclusion of the game . The player ( s ) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award . No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . , the most recent recipient is New Orleans Pelicans forward Anthony Davis . Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times . Oscar Robertson , Michael Jordan , and Shaquille O'Neal have each won the award three times , while Bob Cousy , Julius Erving , Isiah Thomas , Magic Johnson , Karl Malone , Allen Iverson , LeBron James and Russell Westbrook have all won the award twice . James ' first All-Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years , 1 month . Kyrie Irving , winner of the 2014 All-Star Game MVP , is the second-youngest at 21 years , 10 months . They 're notable as being the two youngest to win the award , both as Cleveland Cavaliers . Four of the games had joint winners -- Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959 , John Stockton and Malone in 1993 , O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000 , and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009 . O'Neal became the first player in All-Star history to share two MVP awards . The Los Angeles Lakers have had eleven winners while the Boston Celtics have had eight . Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Irving of Australia are the only winners not born in the United States . Both Duncan and Irving are American citizens , but are considered `` international '' players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. No player trained entirely outside the U.S. has won the award ; Irving lived in the U.S. since age two , and Duncan played U.S. college basketball at Wake Forest . Bob Pettit ( 1958 , 1959 ) and Russell Westbrook ( 2015 , 2016 ) are the only players to win consecutive awards . Pettit ( 1956 ) , Bob Cousy ( 1957 ) , Wilt Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Bill Russell ( 1963 ) , Oscar Robertson ( 1964 ) , Willis Reed ( 1970 ) , Dave Cowens ( 1973 ) , Michael Jordan ( 1988 , 1996 , 1998 ) , Magic Johnson ( 1990 ) , Shaquille O'Neal ( 2000 ) , and Allen Iverson ( 2001 ) all won the All-Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season ; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times . 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All-Star Game : Macauley ( 1951 ) , Cousy ( 1957 ) , Pettit ( 1958 , 1962 ) , Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Adrian Smith ( 1966 ) , Rick Barry ( 1967 ) , Jerry West ( 1972 ) , Tom Chambers ( 1987 ) , Jordan ( 1988 ) , Karl Malone ( 1993 ) , John Stockton ( 1993 ) , O'Neal ( 2004 , 2009 ) , Bryant ( 2011 ) and Davis ( 2017 ) ; Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All-Star Games ( 18 ) without winning the All-Star Game MVP , while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All-Star Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f67bc855e770b615c1cc9c33813b48", "text": "List of AAU men's basketball champions The Athletic Amateur Union Tournament ( AAU ) is the annual championship series for the AAU teams . It started in 1897 and has continued until present . Most of the Finals have been played in a single final format , apart from some occasions that the winner 's tournament had been decided by a round robin format . Later professional players like David Robinson , Larry Brown , Gregg Popovich were crowned champions of the AAU . Popovich and Robinson represented the US Armed Forces All-Stars . Between 1920 and 1950 , some of the strongest basketball teams in the United States were sponsored by corporations , including Phillips 66 , 20th Century Fox , Safeway Inc. , Caterpillar Inc. , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4f447aa17033adf4fa3309000d5ae12", "text": "List of American Basketball Association awards and honors The American Basketball Association ( ABA ) was a professional basketball league that operated from the until it ceased to exist with the ABA -- NBA merger in 1976 . The ABA presented a variety of annual awards and honors to recognize its players and executives . There were six awards presented by the ABA . Three Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) awards were presented annually in the All-Star Game , the regular season , and the playoffs . In sports , the player judged to be the most important to the team is the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . Other annual awards include the Executive of the Year , the Coach of the Year , and the Rookie of the Year . Honors were also presented to players who excelled in the respective categories of : best players , best defensive players , and best rookies . The Executive of the Year Award and the All-Defensive Team started in the , while the rest started in the first season . Julius Erving has won the most ABA awards with five MVP awards -- three in the regular season and two in the playoffs . Artis Gilmore has won the most ABA honors with nine . A total of 80 ABA players and executives have received at least one award or honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ea0570cd3e9957a8489ae4e4426f307", "text": "1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio . During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game . In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69aa3290e3b9cd7058694274721532c0", "text": "1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason . The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference . In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee92f56ea9ba2b65e427337de74057ed", "text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards . Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA . Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f95a6b11ca0432f58d14ef6e4722f4b", "text": "2004–05 Cleveland Cavaliers season The 2004-05 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 35th season of NBA basketball in Cleveland , Ohio . During the offseason , the Cavaliers acquired Drew Gooden from the Orlando Magic . In his second season , expectations were high for LeBron James as the Cavaliers hoped for a return to the playoffs . Through the first half of the season , the Cavs held a 30 -- 21 record at the All-Star Break as James was selected to his first All-Star selection in the 2005 NBA All-Star Game . However , as March began , the Cavaliers were unable to upgrade at the trading deadline as the team went on a 6-game losing streak . Head coach Paul Silas was fired and replaced by interim Brendan Malone . The Cavaliers finished the season with a 42 -- 40 record , a fourth-place finish in the Central Division , and barely missed out of the playoffs , losing a tiebreaker for the 8th spot to the New Jersey Nets . Despite their collapse , James had an outstanding sophomore season averaging 27.2 points , 7.4 rebounds and 7.2 assists per game . Key dates : On June 24 , the 2004 NBA Draft , took place in New York City , New York . In July , the free agency period began . On September 15 , the Cavaliers named Brendan Malone assistant coach . On October 14 , the Cavaliers ' preseason began with a 94 -- 102 loss to Memphis . On November 3 , the Cavaliers ' regular season began with a 104 -- 109 2OT loss to Indiana . On March 21 , head coach Paul Silas was fired and Brendan Malone was named interim head coach . Mike Bratz and Wes Wilcox were added to Malone 's staff as assistants . On April 20 , the Cavaliers ' season ended in a 104 -- 95 win over the Toronto Raptors . On April 21 , Jim Paxson was fired as President of Basketball Operations and General Manager .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eafb9210a8fa801938df0fc525d5689e", "text": "1966 NBA All-Star Game The 16th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on January 11 , 1966 , at Cincinnati Gardens in Cincinnati , Ohio . The coaches were Red Auerbach for the East , and Fred Schaus for the West . Much of the game would focus around the local team 's three named All-Stars . Cincinnati 's Oscar Robertson had been named the event 's MVP in 1964 , and Cincinnati 's Jerry Lucas had been named MVP in 1965 . At game time , the East Division 's top three teams , Boston , Philadelphia and Cincinnati , had the three best records in the league , with New York trailing far behind . This lead East Coach Red Auerbach to name Cincinnati 's Adrian Smith as a reserve and not New York 's sharpshooting Dick Barnett , a source of some controversy at the time . The home crowd rallied behind Smith as he emerged as the game 's star . It was Smith 's only All-Star appearance , and he remains to-date the only one-time NBA All-Star ever named the event 's MVP . The overmatched West suffered not just from poor shooting , but also from losing key All-Star Jerry West to an eye injury in the first quarter . The game was nationally televised , with an attendance of 13,653 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3d969775f0c99af3a083340a61c9f2f", "text": "Eastern Conference (NBA) The Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association is made up of 15 teams , organized in three divisions . The three division winners and the non-division winner with the best record are seeded 1 through 4 for the playoffs in order of their records , with all remaining non-division winners seeded 5 through 8 . This leaves open the possibility that a # 2 or # 3 seed could be a non-division winner . Home-court advantage in a playoff series is decided by record , not by seeding , so if the # 4 and # 5 teams meet in a playoff series in which the # 5 team has the better record , the # 5 team would have home-court advantage . The reasoning behind this seeding arrangement is that a non-division winner could have a better record than the winners of the two divisions other than the non-division winning team in question . If the three division winners were seeded 1 through 3 for the playoffs in order of their records , and all non-division winners seeded 4 through 8 , it would be possible for the two best teams of the conference to meet in the Conference Semifinals . This actually happened in the 2006 NBA Playoffs when the two best teams in the Western Conference , the San Antonio Spurs and the Dallas Mavericks , both from the Southwest Division , faced one another in the Western Conference Semifinals while the 3rd seed , the Northwest Division-leading Denver Nuggets , had fewer wins than the 4th , 5th , 6th , and 7th seeds.The NBA proposed and approved of the current format to ensure that the best two teams of a conference can meet no earlier than the Conference Finals . The Eastern Conference playoffs are divided into two preliminary rounds followed by the Eastern Conference Finals , with the winner of the Conference Championship facing the Western Conference champion in the NBA Finals to determine the champion . All playoff series are best-of-seven . The current divisional alignment was adopted at the start of the 2004 -- 05 season , when the now Charlotte Hornets began play as the NBA 's 30th franchise . This necessitated the move of the New Orleans Pelicans from the Eastern Conference 's Central Division to the newly created Southwest Division of the Western Conference", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f64cc68abd1c453227920e357959d2fe", "text": "John Mason (announcer) John Mason ( real name Earnest Wooten ) is the public address announcer for the Detroit Pistons games at The Palace of Auburn Hills who is best known for his 18-year career as the host of Mason in the Morning show on WJLB , and for his colorful introductions , and is credited with coining the popular chant `` Deeeeee-troit basketball ! '' Mason 's flamboyant voice has been requested at many sporting events , and he was chosen to serve as the PA announcer at the 2007 NBA All-Star Game in Las Vegas . In addition , he also served as the announcer for the international ALL-STAR game in Cyprus & Turkey in 2005 . Mason is very popular with his announcing during nationally televised games . When the NBA on ESPN or the NBA on ABC features a Detroit Pistons home game , both networks put him on TV when he introduces the starting lineups . Mason is also a radio personality in Detroit , Michigan . He was the host of the extremely Popular `` Mason in The Morning '' on WJLB for 18 years . He was also host of his own radio show on 102.7 / 105.9 KISS-FM ( WDMK ) . Mason left WDMK in July 2006 as his contract had expired . Mason was offered an intriguing contract from the Cleveland Cavaliers , his former hometown . He declined the offer , saying the Pistons gave him the raw shot to craft his art in their gym . The Pistons have also given Mason the opportunity to serve as PA announcer for an NBA title contender . When Mason replaced longtime Pistons PA announcer Ken Calvert before the start of the 2001-02 NBA season , Detroit soon became a perennial contender for the NBA Championship . Mason saw the Pistons win back-to-back NBA Eastern Conference titles in 2004 & 2005 , and most notably saw them win the NBA title in 2004 , upsetting the Los Angeles Lakers in 5 games . From 2003 to 2008 , Mason saw his Detroit Pistons make an impressive 6 consecutive appearances in the NBA Eastern Conference Finals . Mason independently owns his morning show , MASON RADIO INC. . Mason is perhaps the only morning show personality in a major market to own his own show . Mason 's morning show is a syndicated program , which can be heard live from Detroit on the 50 thousand watt powerhouse 107.5 WGPR . Mason also won a television Emmy for an entertainment video show ( Urban Chartbusters ) on the local NBC station WDIV Detroit . Mason has also been an acclaimed motivational speaker in prisons throughout Michigan , and schools and universities in Ohio and Michigan . The Fox network comedy hit , Martin starting Martin Lawrence that ran from 1992 to 1997 , was based on the radio career of John Mason and characters such as Gina Waters , Bruh Man , Tommy Strawn , and Sheneneh Jenkins were also loosely based on Mason 's friends , as well as characters on his Detroit radio show . Currently , Mason is the host of `` Mason and Coco in the Morning '' alongside the female comedian Coco on KISS 105.9 FM Detroit . He is also the host of a syndicated weekend show entitled `` Once Upon a Time in Soul '' which features Angie Starr along with his famous radio characters and legendary artist stories . `` Once Upon a Time in Soul '' is produced by John Mason , co-produced and engineered by Tobias Smith and recorded at Luv2flo Studios in Detroit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37cd651896a6068d23c2db2365bb6ee4", "text": "1970 ABA Playoffs The 1970 ABA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the American Basketball Association 's 1969-1970 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Indiana Pacers defeating the Western Division champion Los Angeles Stars , four games to two in the ABA Finals . The Indiana Pacers finished the season with the league 's best regular season record ( 59-25 , .702 ) before going on to win the ABA championship . This same feat was accomplished by the Oakland Oaks during the prior season and by the Pittsburgh Pipers in the year before that . The Pacers became the first ABA champions to return in the same form for the following season . The Oakland Oaks became the Washington Caps for the 1969-1970 ABA season ; the Pittsburgh Pipers had become the Minnesota Pipers after winning the ABA championship the prior season . Roger Brown of Indiana was the Most Valuable Player of the ABA playoffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d6b488729701e7b53fc68263816a03", "text": "Three-peat Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships . The term , a portmanteau of the words three and repeat , originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association , during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988 -- 89 season , having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons , but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals . The term is a registered trademark owned by Hardo Beers , the Lakers ' Hardo strength coach from 1981 -- 1990 , although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b418a1eeddbdc8fa5ab9077945d98a2", "text": "1999–2000 Phoenix Suns season The 1999 -- 2000 NBA season was the 32nd season for the National Basketball Association 's Phoenix Suns . During the offseason , the Suns acquired All-Star guard Anfernee Hardaway from the Orlando Magic , while signing free agent Rodney Rogers and re-signing former Suns center Oliver Miller . Scott Skiles would come on as head coach , replacing Danny Ainge after a 13 -- 7 start to the season . The Suns would finish third in the Pacific Division at 53 -- 29 , and extend the franchise 's record for playoff appearances before losing in the Western Conference semifinals . Clifford Robinson led the team in scoring at 18.5 points per game . Hardaway , Jason Kidd , Rodney Rogers , Tom Gugliotta , and top draft pick Shawn Marion rounded out a list of six Suns players averaging double-digits in points . Kidd led the NBA in assists per game and was tied for fifth in steals , while being selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game . Rogers finished the regular season fourth in three-point field goal percentage , and won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award . Kidd would earn All-NBA First Team and NBA All-Defensive Second Team honors . In March , former Suns guard Kevin Johnson came out of his retirement and played in six games . He would then retire for the second time after the playoffs . The Suns finished with the same regular season record , but did not have home court advantage going into their first round match-up with the San Antonio Spurs . Still , the Suns would advance to their first conference semifinals appearance since the 1994 -- 95 season en route to taking the series three games to one . The Suns lost in the conference semifinals to new league MVP Shaquille O'Neal and the eventual champion Los Angeles Lakers four games to one . Following the season , Rex Chapman retired , Miller was released and Luc Longley was traded to the New York Knicks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9478626d1e99ca6826bf35ddf24533a4", "text": "Haim Saban Haim Saban ( -LSB- səˈbɑːn -RSB- חיים סבן born October 15 , 1944 ) is an Israeli-American media proprietor , investor , philanthropist , musician , record , film & television producer . A businessman with interests in financial services , entertainment , and media , and an estimated net worth of $ 3 billion , he is ranked by Forbes as the 232nd richest person in America . Saban is the founder of Saban Entertainment , producer and distributor of children 's television programs in the US such as Power Rangers . He headed up consortiums which purchased the broadcasters ProSiebenSat .1 Media and Univision Communications . He is a major donor to the US Democratic Party and active in pro-Israel political efforts in the US . In March 2017 , Saban was honored with the 2,605 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in television .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d80e79fb418c0f45d2608585799c2b24", "text": "Biltmore Conference The Biltmore Conference , also known by its resolution as the Biltmore Program , was a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy with its demand `` that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth . '' The meeting was held in New York City at the prestigious Biltmore Hotel from May 6 to May 11 , 1942 with 600 delegates and Zionist leaders from 18 countries attending . The Biltmore Program has been described by a number of historians as `` a virtual coup d'etat '' within the Zionist movement , in which more moderate leaders were replaced with leaders with more aggressive goals . Prior to Biltmore , official Zionism steadfastly refused to formulate the ultimate aim of the movement preferring instead to concentrate on the practical task of building the Jewish National Home . The Biltmore Program became the official Zionist stand on the ultimate aim of the movement . According to Ben-Gurion , the `` first and essential '' stage of the program was the immigration of two million additional Jews to Palestine , a target which later became official Zionist policy after being revised downwards in the One Million Plan . There was no reference to the Arab population of Palestine , and , according to Anita Shapira , marked a transition to the view that conflict was inevitable between the Arabs and Jews , and could only resolved by the sword . The major shift at Biltmore was prompted by intense common opposition to the British White Paper of 1939 , which interpreted the terms of the Mandate in a way that would freeze `` the Jewish community to a permanent minority status , '' and the then-current war negative situation . It was also prompted by the realization that America would play a larger part in fulfillment of Zionist designs after the war . Official Zionism 's firm , unequivocal stand did not please every one , however . The pro-British Chaim Weizmann had bristled at them and bi-nationalists such as Henrietta Szold and Judah L. Magnes rejected them and broke off to establish their own party , Ichud ( Unification ) , that advocated an Arab -- Jewish Federation . Opposition to the Biltmore Program also lead to the founding of the anti-Zionist American Council for Judaism . Various Zionist organizations were represented in the American Emergency Committee of Zionist Affairs , which called an `` Extraordinary Zionist Conference '' as a substitute for the full ( 22nd ) Zionist Congress which had been cancelled due to World War II . Attendees included Chaim Weizmann , as President of the World Zionist Organization , David Ben-Gurion as Chairman of the Jewish Agency Executive , and Nahum Goldmann as a member of the Executive of the Zionist Organization of America . The four main organisations of American Jewry represented were : the Zionist Organization of America , Hadassah , Mizrahi , and Poale Zion . Among the American organizers was Reform Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246e6915e7d23283c3c86de558d28075", "text": "Sandbox Industries Sandbox Industries is a United States venture capital firm located in Chicago . The firm focuses on connecting established corporations , or incumbents , with disruptive startups , or innovators , across several lines of business : strategic corporate investment funds , new business accelerators , and innovation consulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c710b63541f530aa4183b1db736843d1", "text": "Saad Al Barrak Saad Al Barrak is a Kuwaiti businessman and investor . He is best known for his role as the CEO of Zain Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eb61494691d4e777a7990cac8bc753f", "text": "James O'Shaughnessy James Patrick O'Shaughnessy ( born May 24 , 1960 ) is an American investor and the founder , chairman , and CEO of O'Shaughnessy Asset Management , LLC ( OSAM ) , an asset management firm headquartered in Stamford , Connecticut . O'Shaughnessy 's areas of expertise include quantitative equity analysis , portfolio management , research decisions , and investment models . O'Shaughnessy has authored several books that use Standard & Poor 's Compustat database to provide extensive quantitative analysis of stock market performance . O'Shaughnessy has been awarded several U.S. patents for his investment strategies and was recognized as a legendary investor by Forbes.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a92d6c3f68df9220235934c9a609d00", "text": "Howard Sosin Howard Sosin was born in Illinois and became a financial whiz . He was for a time an associate professor at the Columbia Business School . He founded American International Group Financial Products in 1987 and remained there until 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "521bca7071445fa67c45ef27a0cd6d00", "text": "Seth Goldstein Seth Goldstein is an American entrepreneur and angel investor . A `` pioneer of internet marketing practices , '' he has founded six companies , including Crossfader , Turntable.fm , SiteSpecific , SocialMedia , and Majestic Research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1de582408c1dc460543ecbfd9b8022", "text": "PIMCO Pacific Investment Management Company , LLC ( commonly called PIMCO ) , is an American investment management firm headquartered in Newport Beach , California , with over 2,000 employees working in 13 offices across 12 countries , and $ 1.51 trillion in assets under management as of 30 June 2016 . The company provides mutual funds and other portfolio management and asset allocation solutions for millions of investors worldwide . PIMCO offers a broad list of investment strategies that encompass the entire risk spectrum and capital structure , including core bonds and credit , structured credit , alternatives , real assets , equities and currencies . PIMCO oversees investments on behalf of millions of clients , including retirement savers , public and private pension plans , educational institutions , central banks and government agencies , foundations and endowments and financial intermediaries among others . The firm , a prominent thought leader in the financial markets , is known to have coined and popularized the phrase `` The New Normal '' in the aftermath of the subprime mortgage crisis in 2009 . `` The new normal '' as a standalone phrase has a long history dating to the post-First World War era and then seeing a new resurgence in use in the post 9/11 era . More recently , PIMCO introduced `` The New Neutral '' thesis to characterize a period of lower but stable economic growth , and interest rates to remain lower than historically for a longer period of time . In April 2015 , PIMCO announced the hire of former Federal Reserve Chairman , Dr. Ben Bernanke as a Senior Advisor , following in the footsteps of predecessor Federal Reserve Chairman , Alan Greenspan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abc68bbe5a8a00e277c068be52272100", "text": "Siyum A siyum ( `` completion '' ) is the completion of any unit of Torah study , or book of the Mishnah or Talmud in Judaism . A siyum is usually followed by a celebratory meal , or seudat mitzvah , a meal in honor of a mitzvah , or commandment . Siyum also refers to the celebration . An enduring custom is for the community to complete a unit of Torah or tractate ( s ) of Talmud during the 30 days following the death of a beloved one and hold a communal siyum thereafter , in tribute and honor of the memory of the deceased . It has become customary for synagogues to arrange a siyum on the morning before Passover to allow those fasting for Ta'anit Bechorim ( Fast of the Firstborn ) to break their fast , taking advantage of the halakhic principle that prioritizes Torah study . A siyum ha-sefer , meaning `` completion of the book , '' is also held as a ceremonial completion and dedication of a sefer Torah , a handwritten copy of the Torah , the most important Jewish ritual object , which is kept in the Ark of a synagogue . Usually , when an individual or a group conclude the study of any tractate of the Talmud , or even of the Mishnah , a siyum is celebrated . At the end of every volume of the Talmud a special hadran prayer is printed with a set order of prayers and a special kaddish , Kaddish D'itchadita , in honor of the completion of that volume , which Judaism considers to be an important achievement and a milestone worth celebrating . In the merit and honor of a deceased individual , it is customary to undertake Mishnah study with the goal of holding a siyum . Rabbi Moshe Feinstein , based on the Nemukei Yosef , the Ran ( Rabbeinu Nissim ) , the Rashbam , and the Eliyah Rabbah , extends the concept of a siyum to include even a festive meal celebrating the completion of any mitzvah ( commandment ) that has taken a significant duration of time ( such as a number of weeks or months ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f5f287fad74e542da5fe0b8ac7da4b6", "text": "American Bankers Association The American Bankers Association ( ABA ) is a Washington , D.C.-based trade association for the U.S. banking industry . Founded in 1875 , ABA today represents banks of all sizes and charters , including community banks , regional and money center banks , savings associations , mutual savings banks , and trust companies , with the average member bank having approximately $ 250 million in assets . Like many large trade associations , ABA 's principal activities include lobbying , professional development for member institutions , maintenance of best practices and industry standards ( for example , routing transit numbers ) , consumer education , and distribution of products and services . ABA is considered the largest financial trade group in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4737377f03c9e19a92e6c118c1c4c7e4", "text": "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy is a book by John Mearsheimer , Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago , and Stephen Walt , Professor of International Relations at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University , published in late August 2007 . It was a New York Times Best Seller . The book describes the lobby as a `` loose coalition of individuals and organizations who actively work to steer U.S. foreign policy in a pro-Israel direction '' . The book `` focuses primarily on the lobby 's influence on U.S. foreign policy and its negative effect on American interests '' . The authors also argue that `` the lobby 's impact has been unintentionally harmful to Israel as well '' . Both Mearsheimer and Walt argue that although `` the boundaries of the Israel lobby can not be identified precisely '' , it `` has a core consisting of organizations whose declared purpose is to encourage the U.S. government and the American public to provide material aid to Israel and to support its government 's policies , as well as influential individuals for whom these goals are also a top priority '' . They note that `` not every American with a favorable attitude to Israel is part of the lobby '' , and that although `` the bulk of the lobby is Jewish Americans '' , there are many American Jews who are not part of the lobby , and the lobby also includes Christian Zionists . They also claim a drift of important groups in `` the lobby '' to the right , and overlap with the neoconservatives . The book was preceded by a paper commissioned by The Atlantic Monthly and written by Mearsheimer and Walt . The Atlantic Monthly rejected the paper , and it was published elsewhere . The paper attracted considerable controversy , both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2e6eecdf500bbaebce7349f90c1464", "text": "The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group is an American investment management company based in Malvern , Pennsylvania with over $ 4 trillion in assets under management . It is the largest provider of mutual funds and the second-largest provider of exchange-traded funds ( ETFs ) in the world after BlackRock 's iShares . In addition to mutual funds and ETFs , Vanguard offers brokerage services , variable and fixed annuities , educational account services , financial planning , asset management , and trust services . Founder and former chairman John C. Bogle is credited with the creation of the first index fund available to individual investors and has been a proponent of and a major enabler of low-cost investing by individuals . Vanguard is structured as a mutual company ; it is owned by funds managed by the company , and is therefore owned by its customers . Vanguard offers two classes of most of its funds : investor shares and admiral shares . Admiral shares have slightly lower expense ratios but require a higher minimum investment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e363605646e38b2694838393c67ddd8", "text": "Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs . The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America . Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b729f5879cb570b53822cc27a230aba2", "text": "Clarity Capital Clarity Capital is an investment firm founded in 2007 with offices in both Tel Aviv and New York . Clarity Capital serves high net wealth families and institutions including arts and educational endowments and philanthropic endowments . The firm manages over $ 1 billion in assets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1ebb041eeadc843ed209a55809db745", "text": "Viola Group Viola Group , established in 2000 , is an Israeli private equity investment group with over $ 2.5 billion under management . Viola Group is focused on funding Israeli technology-based companies . Viola group consists of four independent investment funds including Carmel Ventures -- a Venture Capital fund ; Viola Credit -- a growth and venture lending fund ; Viola Growth ( formerly Viola Private Equity ) -- a technology-focused growth capital and buyout fund ; and Viola Partners -- an investment fund mainly for private investors . Viola Group is based in Herzeliya , Israel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7217e53f5341cf456bb373f80194a7e4", "text": "Asset health management Asset health management or ( AHM ) is the field of study which looks at how to manage the `` health '' of an asset or assets . This often includes methods to establish asset health and effort to decide the appropriate actions to be taken to manage the assets ' health . This also includes the discussion of health at end of life to ensure the asset 's full life is used efficiently . Asset health management includes many different methods which can sometime overlap in their intended scope and methods . Asset health management has become a difficult field to discuss due to the use of the same acronym to describe multiple different approaches and the use of the same approach with different names . Asset health management can be considered a subset of Asset management", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86db7916ec5e0b779b052a095c9a67d1", "text": "Bias ratio The bias ratio is an indicator used in finance to analyze the returns of investment portfolios , and in performing due diligence . The bias ratio is a concrete metric that detects valuation bias or deliberate price manipulation of portfolio assets by a manager of a hedge fund , mutual fund or similar investment vehicle , without requiring disclosure ( transparency ) of the actual holdings . This metric measures abnormalities in the distribution of returns that indicate the presence of bias in subjective pricing . The formulation of the Bias Ratio stems from an insight into the behavior of asset managers as they address the expectations of investors with the valuation of assets that determine their performance . The bias ratio measures how far the returns from an investment portfolio -- e.g. one managed by a hedge fund -- are from an unbiased distribution . Thus the bias ratio of a pure equity index will usually be close to 1 . However , if a fund smooths its returns using subjective pricing of illiquid assets the bias ratio will be higher . As such , it can help identify the presence of illiquid securities where they are not expected . The bias ratio was first defined by Adil Abdulali , a risk manager at the investment firm Protégé Partners . The Concepts behind the Bias Ratio were formulated between 2001 and 2003 and privately used to screen money managers . The first public discussions on the subject took place in 2004 at New York University 's Courant Institute and in 2006 at Columbia University . In 2006 , the Bias Ratio was published in a letter to Investors and made available to the public by Riskdata , a risk management solution provider , that included it in its standard suite of analytics . The Bias Ratio has since been used by a number of Risk Management professionals to spot suspicious funds that subsequently turned out to be frauds . The most spectacular example of this was reported in the Financial Times on 22 January 2009 titled `` Bias ratio seen to unmask Madoff '' !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3086afdd655e3b9d7b05d4ef41af2fd", "text": "Ezra Zilkha Ezra Khedouri Zilkha ( born 1925/1926 ) is an Iraqi-born American financier and philanthropist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "972d758e113d9d8d802856623f6a04e7", "text": "Private equity firm A private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout , venture capital , and growth capital . Often described as a financial sponsor , each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies . Typically , a private equity firm will raise pools of capital , or private equity funds that supply the equity contributions for these transactions . Private equity firms will receive a periodic management fee as well as a share in the profits earned ( carried interest ) from each private equity fund managed . Private equity firms , with their investors , will acquire a controlling or substantial minority position in a company and then look to maximize the value of that investment . Private equity firms generally receive a return on their investments through one of the following avenues : an initial public offering ( IPO ) -- shares of the company are offered to the public , typically providing a partial immediate realization to the financial sponsor as well as a public market into which it can later sell additional shares ; a merger or acquisition -- the company is sold for either cash or shares in another company ; a recapitalization -- cash is distributed to the shareholders ( in this case the financial sponsor ) and its private equity funds either from cash flow generated by the company or through raising debt or other securities to fund the distribution . Private equity firms characteristically make longer-hold investments in target industry sectors or specific investment areas where they have expertise . Private equity firms and investment funds should not be confused with hedge fund firms which typically make shorter-term investments in securities and other more liquid assets within an industry sector but with less direct influence or control over the operations of a specific company . Where private equity firms take on operational roles to manage risks and achieve growth through long term investments , hedge funds more frequently act as short-term traders of securities betting on both the up and down sides of a business or of an industry sector 's financial health .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b9517351ce06d167af41f1a3bffd83a", "text": "New York Angels New York Angels is an organization of business angel investors based in New York , New York , US that provides equity capital for early stage companies , primarily in the field of technology and new media . Its members typically invest between US$ 250,000 and US$ 1,000,000 in companies that have begun operations but are not yet ready for venture capital . New York Angels is the successor group to the Angel Investor Program of the former New York New Media Association ( NYNMA ) , which began as the industry association representing the fast-growing technology companies in what was nicknamed Silicon Alley . In 1997 , at the suggestion of a number of NYNMA 's original founders , including Brian Horey , Laura Sachar , Alain Bankier and Jason Wright , the organization facilitated the creation of program to match new entrepreneurs with experienced Angel Investors . Following the crash of the dot-com bubble , NYNMA was disbanded and in 2003 the active angel investors whom it had brought together spun themselves off into a separate , not-for-profit group under the leadership of David S. Rose , a serial entrepreneur and investor . Since 2003 , New York Angels has invested over $ 50 million into more than 60 early stage companies , mostly in and around the New York regional area . Among the 75 Accredited Investor members of the invitation-only group are Gideon Gartner ( Gartner Group and GIGA ) , Esther Dyson ( Release 1.0 and PC Forum ) , Alan Patricof ( Apax Ventures and Greycroft Partners ) , Scott Kurnit ( About.com ) , Roger Ehrenberg ( IA Capital ) , Jeff Stewart ( Mimeo.com ) , Jon Whelan ( AfterNIC.com ) , Linda Holliday ( Digitas Health ) and other technology entrepreneurs . The group also accepts venture capital firms as members , among which are First Round Capital , Softbank Ventures , RRE Ventures , and SAVP/Greenhill . New York Angels was the first member of the Angel Capital Association , the professional trade group of American angel investor organizations . The organization is currently headed by businessman , Brian Cohen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cf33d4117a8d32d319037a1f054b30d", "text": "Saeb N. Jaroudi Dr. Saeb N. Jaroudi ( Arabic : صائب جارودي ) was the former Minister of National Economy , Industry , and Tourism in Lebanon and a senior economic consultant advising international public and private institutions on economic policy and project finance . He held a number of leadership roles in the Arab world , Europe , and the United States throughout his career . He also served on several Boards and was a long-standing member of the Board of Directors of Arab Finance Corporation . He was elected as the first Chairman of the Board and President of the Kuwait-based Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development by the Arab Ministers of Finance . He established the Fund as the regional development bank of the Arab world , initiating and financing major national and inter-country industrial , agriculture , rural development , power , water , education , and healthcare projects . During his tenure , he also initiated the establishment of the Arab Monetary Fund and the Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development . As minister in Saeb Salam 's first cabinet during president Suleiman Frangieh 's mandate , Dr. Jaroudi introduced policies that successfully stimulated the development of lesser developed regions of the country , encouraged the flow of foreign direct investment into the country and increased exports through bilateral trade agreements . To promote investment in Lebanon 's industrial sector , he developed and led a pioneering matchmaking program with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO ) , which culminated in the signing of 20 new joint venture projects between Lebanese and foreign investors . His strong United Nations ties began when he joined the UN 's Center for Development Planning in New York as a Senior Economist . During a decade-long UN career , he assisted in the establishment and implementation of several Arab countries ' national development plans . He also assisted the Kuwaiti government in establishing the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development and driving its operations during its early years . Fresh from completing his Master 's degree at the University of California , Berkeley and his PhD Studies at Columbia University , Dr. Jaroudi began his professional experience teaching Economics at the American University of Beirut , where he also participated in the pioneering work of the Economic Research Institute on economic development and business legislation in the Middle East . In recognition of his contributions to the economic and social advancement of developing countries , Dr. Jaroudi was elected as a member of the United Nations Committee for Development Policy and UNESCO 's International Fund for the Promotion of Culture . He also served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Arab British Chamber of Commerce Foundation , the British Lebanese Association , and International College in Lebanon . He was also an elected fellow of The Royal Numismatic Society ( RNS ) , a learned society and charity based in London , United Kingdom whose patron as of 2014 was Queen Elizabeth II . On September 18 , 2014 , upon the request of the Lebanese Prime Minister Tammam Salam , he was honored by a minute of silence by the Lebanese Council of Ministers at the start of the cabinet meeting .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bcf041589579611258679a0ba0a1d08f", "text": "Homeland (TV series) Homeland is an American spy thriller television series developed by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa based on the Israeli series Prisoners of War ( Original title חטופים Hatufim , literally `` Abductees '' ) , which was created by Gideon Raff . The series stars Claire Danes as Carrie Mathison , a Central Intelligence Agency officer with bipolar disorder , and Damian Lewis as Nicholas Brody , a U.S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper . Mathison had come to believe that Brody , who was held captive by al-Qaeda as a prisoner of war , was `` turned '' by the enemy and poses a threat to the United States . The series is broadcast in the U.S. on the cable channel Showtime , and is produced by Fox 21 Television Studios ( formerly Fox 21 ) . It premiered on October 2 , 2011 . The first episode was made available online , more than two weeks before the television broadcast , with viewers having to complete game tasks to gain access . On October 22 , 2013 , Showtime renewed Homeland for a fourth season , which premiered on October 5 , 2014 . On November 10 , 2014 , Showtime renewed the series for a 12-episode fifth season that premiered on October 4 , 2015 . On December 9 , 2015 , the series was renewed for a sixth season . The sixth season debuted on January 15 , 2017 . The series has also been renewed for a seventh and eighth season ; the eighth is planned to be the series ' final season by the creators . The series has received generally positive reviews , and has won several awards , including the 2012 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series , and the 2011 and 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama , as well as the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Lead Actress in a Drama Series for Damian Lewis and Claire Danes , respectively .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f64bb9961419cb7cee311361b0c4fcd0", "text": "Fringe (season 2) The second season of the American science fiction television series Fringe commenced airing on the Fox network on September 17 , 2009 , and concluded on May 20 , 2010 . The season was produced by Bad Robot Productions in association with Warner Bros. . Television , and its showrunners were Jeff Pinkner and J.H. Wyman . Actors Anna Torv , John Noble , and Joshua Jackson reprised their roles as FBI agent Olivia Dunham and father-son duo Walter and Peter Bishop , respectively . Previous series regulars Lance Reddick , Jasika Nicole , Blair Brown , and Kirk Acevedo also returned , though with Acevedo in a limited capacity . The season followed the continuation of a war between two universes , the prime and the parallel . It was set in the former , until the last several episodes when Peter Bishop ( Jackson ) journeyed back to the parallel universe after being lured there by his real father , `` Walternate '' ( Noble ) . While co-creator J.J. Abrams described the first season as `` identifying that there is an enemy '' , he referred to season two as `` getting to know the enemy '' as it `` build -LSB- s -RSB- to a very specific type of confrontation '' between the two universes . The writers focused on their characters ' development , in particular making them more comfortable with each other while solving cases for Fringe Division . By inventing the `` mythalone '' style of episode , the producers sought to create the perfect episode that mixed standalone episode qualities for casual viewers with the further development of the series ' mythology for regular viewers . In a departure from the previous season , the second season aired in a new competitive timeslot at 9:00 pm on Thursdays . It contained 22 episodes , plus an unaired episode that was produced during the first season ; `` Unearthed '' aired as a special as episode 11 of season two , days prior to `` Johari Window '' , the first new episode of 2010 . Also part of the season was the series ' only musical episode , `` Brown Betty '' , which was produced at the request of the network . The season finale , `` Over There '' , fully introduced the parallel universe and laid the groundwork for the third season . Fringe ended its second season with a per episode average of 6.252 million total viewers and a 2.3 ratings share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The season was generally well-received by critics , though most agreed that the second half was a considerable improvement over the first . The series was chosen for a number of 2010 `` best of television '' lists , including The New York Times , the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , and Entertainment Weekly . Despite its critical acclaim , Fringe failed to earn any major category nominations at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards , but did receive nominations at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards , Golden Reel Awards , and Satellite Awards ; at the Saturn Awards , Torv and guest actor Leonard Nimoy won in their respective categories . The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 14 , 2010 , in region 2 on September 27 , and in region 4 on November 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "784b1a5e88f75c4caebe3fb6cb9c3f6d", "text": "The Expanse (TV series) The Expanse is an American science fiction television series on Syfy , developed by Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby , based on the series of novels by Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck ( writing under the pseudonym James S. A. Corey ) . Set in a future where humanity has colonized the Solar System , it follows United Nations executive Chrisjen Avasarala ( Shohreh Aghdashloo ) , police detective Josephus Miller ( Thomas Jane ) , and ship 's officer Jim Holden ( Steven Strait ) and his crew as they unravel a conspiracy that threatens peace in the system and the survival of humanity . The series premiered on demand on November 23 , 2015 , and on Syfy on December 14 , 2015 . A 13-episode second season premiered on February 1 , 2017 . In March 2017 , Syfy renewed The Expanse for a 13-episode third season to air in 2018 . The series received positive reviews from critics , who highlighted its beautiful visuals , well-developed characters , and thrilling political narrative . It has received Saturn Award and Hugo Award nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6796a606c0dbff31772d153fe5827946", "text": "Chaos Theory (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Chaos Theory '' is the seventh episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they deal with the monstrous Lash . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Lauren LeFranc , and directed by David Solomon . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , Adrianne Palicki , Henry Simmons , and Luke Mitchell . Matthew Willig guest stars as Lash , with Blair Underwood playing his human form , Andrew Garner . `` Chaos Theory '' originally aired on ABC on November 10 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 3.49 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8072a19774336dd83270f911d3427e68", "text": "List of Person of Interest episodes Person of Interest is an American science fiction crime drama television series created for CBS by Jonathan Nolan , who serves as an executive producer alongside J.J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Chris Fisher , Greg Plageman , and Denise Thé . The series stars Jim Caviezel as John Reese , a former CIA agent who is presumed dead . He is approached by a mysterious billionaire named Harold Finch ( Michael Emerson ) who is trying to prevent violent crimes before they happen by using an advanced surveillance system dubbed `` The Machine '' that provides the SSN of a POI ( person of interest ) who will be involved in an imminent lethal crime as either a perpetrator or a victim . Their unique brand of vigilante justice attracts the attention of two NYPD officers , Joss Carter ( Taraji P. Henson ) and Lionel Fusco ( Kevin Chapman ) , whom Reese uses to his advantage as he investigates the POI . Reese and Finch are later aided by Samantha `` Root '' Groves ( Amy Acker ) , a highly intelligent computer hacker and contract killer whom the Machine later identifies as its `` analog interface '' , and Sameen Shaw ( Sarah Shahi ) , a former ISA assassin who unknowingly dealt with the `` relevant '' numbers found by the Machine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ea97addb49c4b3716e26b125f769da2", "text": "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c25bdf07233bd9033fce25930a442466", "text": "National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive The National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive ( National Security Presidential Directive NSPD 51/Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-20 , sometimes called simply `` Executive Directive 51 '' for short ) , created and signed by President of the United States George W. Bush on May 4 , 2007 , is a Presidential Directive which claims power to execute procedures for continuity of the federal government in the event of a `` catastrophic emergency '' . Such an emergency is construed as `` any incident , regardless of location , that results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties , damage , or disruption severely affecting the U.S. population , infrastructure , environment , economy , or government functions . '' The unclassified portion of the directive was posted on the White House website on May 9 , 2007 , without any further announcement or press briefings , although Special Assistant to George W. Bush Gordon Johndroe answered several questions on the matter when asked about it by members of the press in early June 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41ccba2ffc8cae2ba716f79eb9297a3f", "text": "America First (Homeland) `` America First '' is the sixth season finale of the American television drama series Homeland , and the 72nd episode overall . It premiered on Showtime on April 9 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b457f18aed754db0725db664433233e", "text": "Holocaust (miniseries) Holocaust is a 1978 American four part television miniseries which tells the story of the Holocaust from the perspective of the ( fictional ) Weiss family of German Jews and that of a rising member of the SS , who gradually becomes a merciless war criminal . Holocaust highlighted numerous important events which occurred up to and during World War II , such as Kristallnacht , the creation of Jewish ghettos and later , the use of gas chambers . Although the miniseries won several awards and received critical acclaim , it was criticized by some , including noted Holocaust survivor and author Elie Wiesel , who described it as `` untrue and offensive . '' The series was presented in four parts on NBC : Part 1 : The Gathering Darkness ( original airdate : April 16 , 1978 ) Part 2 : The Road to Babi Yar ( original airdate : April 17 , 1978 ) Part 3 : The Final Solution ( original airdate : April 18 , 1978 ) Part 4 : The Saving Remnant ( original airdate : April 19 , 1978 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e10621c55e79d9c7c898beedf5a268f", "text": "List of Awake episodes Awake is an American television police procedural fantasy drama , created by writer and executive producer Kyle Killen . The drama centers on Michael Britten ( Jason Isaacs ) , a detective living in two separate realities after a car accident . In one reality , in which he wears a green wrist band , his wife Hannah Britten ( Laura Allen ) was killed in the crash , and in another reality , in which he wears a red wrist band , his son Rex Britten ( Dylan Minnette ) was the one killed . Michael does not know which reality is real . He sees two separate therapists : Dr. Jonathan Lee ( BD Wong ) in the `` red reality '' , and Dr. Judith Evans ( Cherry Jones ) in the `` green reality '' . The series was conceived by Killen after creating and developing Lone Star for the Fox network . NBC encouraged Killen to conceive a concept for a future television series . Although inspired by the processes of dreaming , the script was cited as potentially being too complex for mainstream American television . The first episode of Awake was released on Hulu on February 16 , officially premiering in the United States on NBC on March 1 , 2012 . On May 11 , NBC canceled the series and aired the final episode on May 24 , 2012 . Awake averaged 4.8 million viewers per episode and ranked 125th in viewership for the 2011 -- 12 television season . Despite its relatively short life span , the series had large support by fans who teamed up to create the `` Save Awake '' campaign . It was well received by television critics based on its storylines . `` Say Hello to My Little Friend '' was generally considered the best episode of the series since the pilot by commentators . Various cast members have also been praised by critics , particularly Isaacs ' performance as Michael .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74698863dd95e34b584d210fa5a27623", "text": "Instinct (2017 TV series) Instinct is an upcoming American drama television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5ce986e03612dfc2c5cb70e90bda4f", "text": "Still Positive `` Still Positive '' is the sixth episode of the third season of the American television drama series Homeland , and the 30th episode overall . It premiered on Showtime on November 3 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e823613cad16fff707ce130d1a4d6e", "text": "New Normal (Homeland) `` New Normal '' is the tenth episode of the fifth season of the American television drama series Homeland , and the 58th episode overall . It premiered on Showtime on December 6 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c3c8ae7ee57f6656058037141e4c44b", "text": "Exile (TV series) Exile is a British psychological thriller television series dealing with the topic of Alzheimer 's disease against a background of corruption . It stars John Simm and Jim Broadbent and was broadcast on BBC One . The series received varyingly positive reviews . John Simm received a BAFTA nomination for his role as Tom Ronstadt , as did the director John Alexander .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd8be6dbd9c63060ae83fe95dc2658b8", "text": "Gideon Raff Gideon `` Gidi '' Raff ( גדעון '' גידי '' רף born 1973 ) is an Israeli film and television director , screenwriter , and writer . He is best known for the award-winning 2010 Israeli television drama series Prisoners of War ( which he created , wrote and directed ) and its acclaimed US adaptation , Homeland ( for which he won two Primetime Emmy Awards in 2012 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "173e628ba887b06232c23d832970c943", "text": "Halfway to a Donut `` Halfway to a Donut '' is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the American television drama series Homeland , and the 44th episode overall . It premiered on Showtime on November 16 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "176eeaf14fb040ac041bf8d991e831ca", "text": "The Blacklist (season 1) The first season of the American crime thriller television series The Blacklist premiered on NBC on September 23 , 2013 . The season was produced by Davis Entertainment , Universal Television , and Sony Pictures Television , and the executive producers are Jon Bokenkamp , John Davis , John Eisendrath , John Fox , and Joe Carnahan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bfda64ceebf67ae6e0927ddae5bcb734", "text": "Halle Berry Halle Maria Berry ( born Maria Halle Berry ; August 14 , 1966 ) is an American actress . She won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) . As of 2017 , she is the only black woman to have won a Best Actress Academy Award . Berry was one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed . She is also a Revlon spokesmodel . Before becoming an actress , she started modeling and entered several beauty contests , finishing as the 1st runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant and coming in 6th place in the Miss World Pageant in 1986 . Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang ( 1992 ) , alongside Eddie Murphy , which led to roles in films such as the comedy The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , the political comedy-drama Bulworth ( 1998 ) and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge ( 1999 ) , for which she won the Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , among many other awards . In addition to her Academy Award win , Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s such as Storm in the X-Men film series ( beginning in 2000 ) , the action crime thriller Swordfish ( 2001 ) , and the spy film Die Another Day ( 2002 ) , where she played Bond Girl Jinx . She then appeared in the X-Men sequels , X2 ( 2003 ) and X-Men : The Last Stand ( 2006 ) . In the 2010s , she appeared in movies such as the science fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , the crime thriller The Call ( 2013 ) and X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) . Berry was formerly married to baseball player David Justice , and singer-songwriter Eric Benét . She has a daughter by model Gabriel Aubry , and a son by actor Olivier Martinez .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "65b53075eeb5e47d40d626b6267347b9", "text": "Gothika Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez . Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a women 's mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars , accused of having murdered her husband . The film was first released on November 21 , 2003 in the United States . At the time of its release , Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment , with a worldwide gross of $ 141.6 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2881e569d5d63d1f7868775f0ddbd90", "text": "American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist ( now titled Favorite Female Artist - Country ) has been awarded since 1974 . Years reflect the year in which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) . The all-time winner in this category is Reba McEntire with ten ( ' 88 ' , ' 89 , ' 90 , ' 91 , ' 92 , ' 93 , ' 94 , ' 95 , ' 98 , ' 04 ) wins stretching across three decades . McEntire was also the first woman to win the award 8 years in a row . Second place belongs to Barbara Mandrell ( ' 81 , ' 82 , ' 83 , ' 84 , ' 85 , ' 87 ) and Taylor Swift ( ' 08 , ' 09 , ' 10 , ' 11 , ' 12 , ' 13 ) , who both won the award six times . Tied in third place are Faith Hill ( ' 01 , ' 02 , ' 03 , and ' 06 ) , Shania Twain ( ' 96 , ' 97 , ' 99 , and ' 00 ) , and Carrie Underwood ( ' 07 , ' 14 , ' 15 , and ' 16 ) , who have each won 4 times , respectively . Crystal Gayle ( ' 79 , ' 80 , and ' 86 ) has won three times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e531384eb46573145087f1520f557ec", "text": "Johnny Mathis discography Johnny Mathis has recorded 71 studio albums , 11 of which achieved sales of 500,000 units and were awarded Gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Five of his greatest hits albums also accomplished this , and of these 16 Gold albums , six eventually went Platinum by reaching sales of one million copies . In 1999 , sales figures totaled five million for his first holiday LP , Merry Christmas , and three million for Johnny 's Greatest Hits , a 1958 collection that has been described as the `` original greatest-hits package '' and once held the record for most weeks on Billboard magazine 's album chart with a total of 490 ( three of which were spent at number one ) . His second longest album chart run was the 295 weeks belonging to his Platinum 1959 album Heavenly , which gave him five weeks in the top spot . In a ranking of the top album artists of the last half of the 1950s in terms of Billboard chart performance , he comes in at number two , for the 1960s , number 10 , and for the period from 1955 to 2009 he is at number six . The recurring appearance of Mathis holiday releases on the various album charts in Billboard began with 1958 's Merry Christmas , which peaked at number three during the four weeks it spent that holiday season on the magazine 's biggest album chart ( now known as the Billboard 200 ) and returned to place at various positions within the top 40 slots there for the next four years . When the magazine first had a separate chart for Christmas albums from 1963 to 1973 , Merry Christmas ranked somewhere in the top 10 on it for another seven years , and on the Top Pop Catalog chart that was created for older titles , it had eight return appearances during the 1990s . His Sounds of Christmas LP spent two weeks at number two on the Christmas Albums chart upon its 1963 release and re-charted for the next five years , and 1969 's Give Me Your Love for Christmas reached number one there during its first of several annual chart showings before achieving Platinum certification . Other notable holiday projects include Home for Christmas , a 1990 home video special that went platinum , and Sending You a Little Christmas , a 2013 release that earned him a Grammy nomination in the category of Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album . Mathis also recorded 43 songs that reached Billboard magazine 's Hot 100 chart in the United States and another nine that `` bubbled under '' the Hot 100 . Six of these 52 recordings made the top 10 , including 1957 's `` Chances Are '' and the 1978 Deniece Williams duet , `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' , which each spent a week at number one , and 32 of them are also on the list of 50 entries that Mathis had on the magazine 's Easy Listening chart , which was started in 1961 . 19 of those 50 songs made the top 10 on that list , and two of them ( `` I 'm Coming Home '' and `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' ) went on to number one . The Williams duet also spent four weeks at number one on the magazine 's R&B chart and was certified Gold after selling one million copies . In the UK Mathis spent three weeks at number one on the singles chart in 1976 with `` When a Child Is Born '' and had two compilations reached the top spot on the albums chart : 1977 's The Mathis Collection and 1980 's Tears and Laughter . `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' and `` When a Child Is Born '' both achieved Silver certification for singles by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of 250,000 units in the UK , and the latter eventually reached the 500,000 mark to earn Gold certification . 16 of his LPs met the 60,000 album sales mark in the UK to be certified Silver , with eight of those going on to sell 100,000 copies for Gold certification and one of those eight ( The Johnny Mathis Collection , 1976 ) making it to the 300,000 total necessary for the Platinum award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "973b3947e77a5cc87feeea79e2641c0f", "text": "Hallerin Hilton Hill Hallerin Hilton Hill ( born 1964 ) is an American talk radio host on Newstalk 98.7 WOKI Knoxville , Tennessee , and television talk show host of Anything is Possible on WBIR-TV in Knoxville . For two years ( 2003-2005 ) he hosted a separate talk radio show on Nashville 's WGFX . Hill also works as singer/songwriter , author , motivational speaker , and trainer . He wrote `` Who Would Imagine a King '' along with Mervyn Warren which was recorded by Whitney Houston for the film The Preacher 's Wife , and was included on the film 's Grammy-nominated soundtrack . Hill earned his bachelor 's degree in communications at Oakwood University in Huntsville , Alabama . He resides in Knoxville , Tennessee with his wife and children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0a7c5eb81a1d0ca50a2e3c0b82b13c4", "text": "Alexandra Burke discography The discography of British R&B and pop recording artist Alexandra Burke , which consists of one studio album , seven singles as a main artist , two as a featured artist and nine music videos . All songs which have been released under the recording label of Sony BMG and Syco Music . Alexandra made her debut in 2008 when she auditioned for British reality talent show , The X Factor during the fifth series , and ultimately won the show on 12 December 2008 . During the series she dueted with Beyoncé Knowles on Knowles ' `` Listen '' . After winning the show , she instantly had a record deal with Sony BMG and Syco Music and released debut single , `` Hallelujah '' . `` Hallelujah '' peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart . The song became the current European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 copies in one day . It was also the top-selling song of the year in the UK , and became the 2008 UK Christmas number one single . By January 2009 , UK sales of Burke 's version had passed one million copies , a first for a British female soloist . The music video for the song was directed by Max and Dania who directed the charity single Burke released with fellow X Factor Finalists 2008 , `` Hero '' which also charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart . Burke returned in late 2009 with follow up single , `` Bad Boys '' which featured vocals from American rapper , Flo Rida . She performed the song on the first live show of the sixth series of The X Factor . The R&B single debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart as well as Burke gaining international success with the single . `` Bad Boys '' went on to gain a Platinum certification and Burke was nominated for a BRIT Award , it was the second time Burke was nominated for the Best British Single , first time with `` Hallelujah '' . In the UK , `` Bad Boys '' is the 18th Biggest Download of all time . She released her debut album Overcome in October 2009 . It was described as `` edgy '' and `` beaty '' . The album was said to resemble artists such as Rihanna or Lady Gaga . Upon the release of the album , the album went straight to number one on the UK Albums Chart selling 132,065 in its first week . Its first-week numbers were the fourth largest first-week sales by a female artist in 2009 behind releases by Susan Boyle , Lily Allen and Leona Lewis and was the twenty-second best-selling album of 2009 , and the forty-third best-selling album of 2010 . The album spent 60 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by The British Recorded Music Industry for shipments over 600,000 copies . `` Broken Heels '' was released as the album third single and `` All Night Long '' featuring Pitbull as the fourth . `` All Night Long '' received a platinum certification and Burke was nominated for another BRIT Award in 2010 . `` Start Without You '' was released in mid-2010 and the song went on to top the UK Singles Chart , `` The Silence '' was released as the final single from the album . Work began in 2011 on a second studio album , titled Heartbreak on Hold - was released on the 4 June 2012 . The lead single , `` Elephant '' - featuring Erick Morillo - was released on 11 March 2012 through RCA Records , where it debuted at number three in the United Kingdom ; marking Burke 's sixth top ten single as a solo artist . A second single , `` Let It Go '' was released and underperformed peaking at 33 . The album then debuted and peaked at 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff6c51711fff8acdfe95480994c3c509", "text": "Berry House Berry House may refer to : in the United States ( by state , then city/town ) Berry House ( Palmer , Alaska ) , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) in Alaska Berry House ( Beebe , Arkansas ) , listed on the NRHP in White County , Arkansas First Presbyterian Church -- Berry House , Dardanelle , AR , listed on the NRHP in Yell County , Arkansas George O. Berry House , Columbus , GA , listed on the NRHP in Muscogee County , Georgia Thomas A. Berry House , Dalton , GA , listed on the NRHP in Whitfield County , Georgia Dr. William E. and Ethel Rosenberger Berry House , Oskaloosa , IA , listed on the NRHP in Mahaska County , Iowa George F. Berry House , Frankfort , KY , listed on the NRHP in Franklin County , Kentucky Richard Berry Jr. . House ( Springfield , Kentucky ) , listed on the NRHP in Washington County , Kentucky Frank A. and Elizabeth Berry House , Faribault , MN , listed on the NRHP in Rice County , Minnesota Captain James Berry House , Harwich , MA , listed on the NRHP in Barnstable County , Massachusetts Burnette -- Berry House , Kansas City , MO , listed on the NRHP in Jackson County , Missouri Chuck Berry House , St. Louis , MO , listed on the NRHP in Missouri Martin Berry House , Pompton Plains , NJ , listed on the NRHP in Morris County , New Jersey Yereance -- Berry House , Rutherford , NJ , listed on the NRHP in Bergen County , New Jersey Col. Sidney Berry House , Northumberland , NY , listed on the NRHP in Saratoga County , New York Richard Berry Jr. . House ( Columbus , Ohio ) , listed on the NRHP in Franklin County , Ohio Luke D. Berry House , Cushing , OK , listed on the NRHP in Payne County , Oklahoma James E. Berry House , Stillwater , OK , listed on the NRHP in Payne County , Oklahoma Berry House ( Stephenville , Texas ) , listed on the NRHP in Erath County , Texas J. S. Berry House , Waxahachie , TX , listed on the NRHP in Ellis County , Texas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c66a7b2328b5aa990f3d0533e0ec52b1", "text": "Jules Berry Jules Berry ( born Marie Louis Jules Paufichet ; 9 February 1883 -- 23 April 1951 ) was a French actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a1c368217fe6184a2d02ad141e3ebff", "text": "Michael Berry Michael Berry may refer to : Michael Berry ( athlete ) ( born 1991 ) , American sprinter Michael Berry ( physicist ) ( born 1941 ) , British mathematical physicist Michael Berry ( radio host ) ( born 1970 ) , American talk show host Michael Berry , Baron Hartwell ( 1911 -- 2001 ) , newspaper proprietor and journalist Michael Berry Jr. ( born 1964 ) , British actor Mike Berry ( actor ) ( born 1942 ) , English actor and singer Mike Berry ( ice hockey ) ( born 1983 ) , Canadian ice hockey player", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640facb4c495f82c7281def1b5db7120", "text": "Alex Haley's Queen Alex Haley 's Queen ( also known as Queen ) is a 1993 American television miniseries that aired in three installments on February 14 , 16 , and 18 on CBS . The miniseries is an adaptation of the novel Queen : The Story of an American Family , by Alex Haley and David Stevens . The novel is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley , Haley 's paternal grandmother . Alex Haley died in February 1992 before completing the novel . It was later finished by David Stevens and published in 1993 . Stevens also wrote the screenplay for the miniseries . Alex Haley 's Queen was directed by John Erman , and stars Halle Berry in the title role . It tells the life story of a young woman and it shows the problems which biracial slaves and former slaves faced in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries . Throughout her life , Queen struggles to fit into the two cultures of her heritage , and at times each side shuns her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e66bca97fc363d7961d99a2dc4db978f", "text": "Bonnie Owens Bonnie Owens ( October 1 , 1929 -- April 24 , 2006 ) , born Bonnie Campbell , was an American country music singer who was married to Buck Owens and later Merle Haggard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56bbdce2930f1c838312fbd1ef173d2c", "text": "Anna McCune Harper Anna McCune Harper ( née Anna Virginia McCune , July 2 , 1902 -- June 14 , 1999 ) was an American female tennis player . She won the mixed doubles title at Wimbledon in 1931 partnering George Lott . She was the runner-up in singles at the 1930 U.S. Championships , losing to Betty Nuthall . She also was the runner-up in women 's doubles at the 1928 , 1930 , and 1932 U.S. Championships and in mixed doubles at the 1931 edition of those championships . Harper was ranked in the U.S. top ten five consecutive years from 1928 through 1932 and was top ranked in 1930 . In 1932 , Harper was called home because of an illness in her family . She then decided to give up tournament tennis for other tasks , including the rearing of three children . But she continued to follow the game and played for many years . She even had arthroscopic knee surgery at age 81 so she could continue to play . An adverse reaction to a general anesthetic sidelined her for good and precipitated a long , slow decline in her health . Harper is buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland , California . In 1924 she graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of California , Berkeley . The following year , 1925 , she married Lawrence Averell Harper , a history professor at Berkeley . They had three children . Harper was inducted into the Cal Athletic Hall of Fame in 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d223936da361e8b9d90d5c958cf13969", "text": "Bob Berry (American football) Robert Chadwick `` Bob '' Berry ( born March 10 , 1942 ) is a former American football player , a quarterback in the National Football League for twelve seasons . He was selected to one Pro Bowl in 1969 as a member of the Atlanta Falcons . Berry was a member of three Super Bowl teams with the Minnesota Vikings in the mid-1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16568feae0ded850664d42559d76aecc", "text": "3 Natsu Natsu Mini Berryz is the third studio album ( a mini-album ) by the Japanese girl group Berryz Kobo . It was released in Japan on July 5 , 2006 . It 's the group 's third studio album ( Although this is a mini album ) , fourth non-single release , and fifteenth audio release overall .3 Natsu Natsu Mini Berryz is a concept album with a summer theme . It is also Berryz ' second seasonal-themed release ( Their previous EP , Special ! Best Mini : 2.5 Maime no Kare '' , featured a winter theme in its artwork but no winter-related songs ) and features their previous single `` Jiriri Kiteru '' along with five tracks exclusive to the EP . The EP is equally notable to Berryz fans for featuring separate members , or clusters of members , covering summer-related Hello ! Project songs by Aya Matsuura , Coconuts Musume , and 3nin Matsuri . The album debuted at number 20 in the Oricon Weekly Single Chart , remaining in the list for 3 weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40c4934e90e209f88a983750e4988d31", "text": "Berry Center Berry Center may refer to : Richard E. Berry Educational Support Center , Cypress , Texas , United States Berry Events Center , Marquette , Michigan , United States", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb8fefb0a04cfa281e8167b05c8e710", "text": "Mike Berry (actor) Mike Berry ( born Michael Hubert Bourne , 24 September 1942 ) is an English actor and singer , known for his appearances as Mr. Spooner on the British sitcom Are You Being Served ? .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99c3ae03cb48f41770b89cc7f09f487f", "text": "Lucien Grant Berry Lucien Grant Berry , Sr. ( November 29 , 1863 -- December 31 , 1937 ) was a brigadier general in the United States Army who served in three wars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cb7102f9ca4d38d17c9bded27c07e72", "text": "Berry Hill, Tennessee Berry Hill is a city in Davidson County , Tennessee . According to the 2010 census , the city had a population of 537 . The current mayor is Beth Sartain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "413acf11db41a24cc1408a1fcef9933c", "text": "Antoine Halley Antoine Halley ( 1593 -- 3 June 1675 ) was a French professor and poet . Halley was born at Bazenville near Bayeux . A professor of belles-lettres and Principal of the Collège du Bois , at the University of Caen , he succeeded Antoine Gosselin and distinguished himself from the age of twenty-two , by his eloquence and the brilliance of his teaching . He taught Latin poetry at the University of Caen , for nearly forty years . He cultivated Latin and French poetry and won the prize of the Immaculate Conception time and again so that the Académie des Sciences , Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen pleaded with him to quit competing . Halley had ties with Charles de la Rue and Huet , the bishop of Avranches . The latter urged him to publish his poems . Huet , in his Origines de Caen , hailed him as mentor : `` I am obliged to give this testimony of gratitude to Mr. Halley . I deem it one of the greatest joys of my life to have been his disciple at his home for five years . He trained my mind , he refined my taste , he gave me an understanding of good authors . He taught me an infinite number of rare and curious things . '' Halley , in the meantime , professed no less esteem for his former student , sending him a poem a propos his book De Interpretatione . He also published a Traité sur la grammaire latine , at Caen in 1652 . His collection of Poems is dedicated to the Duke of Montausier , the tutor of the dauphin and governor of Normandy . Cadomus , a play in which he paid tribute to all the literary celebrities born in his city , from Nicole Oresme , tutor of Charles V , to Pierre Patrix , the favorite poet of Gaston d'Orleans , is amongst his best . When the chancellor Pierre Séguier , who had subdued the Harelle revolt of 1640 with undue harshness , made his way to Caen , Halley sent him far too flattering a couplet for the occasion . In 1642 , he thanked him for having increased the privileges of the Académie de Caen , founded by Moisant de Brieux . He addressed the Dauphin a long letter in Latin verse reminding him about the origins of the kings of France and celebrating the Trojan kings Dardanus , Erichthonius , Tros , Ilus , Laomedon and Priam , the supposed ancestors of Louis XIV . A few letters written at Lisieux by Jean-Pierre Camus , the bishop of Belley have been found in his works . One of them is dated thus : `` At Lisieux , on November 22nd , the day of St. Cecilia , patron saint of music , sister of poetry . When the Duchesse de Longueville came to Caen in 1648 , Halley was commissioned to compose the verses that decorated the tables placed at city 's expense on the way of the Duchess and her two children . In 1649 , during the famous Jobelins and Uranists Quarrel , Aubert , the princess ' chaplain , sent him the Voiture and Benserade 's sonnets , to get his opinion , as the French Academy had refused to get involved . That grave matter had been evoked before the very king , queen and princes , who were not able to settle it . It was then agreed that it was necessary to submit it to Halley whose decision would be final . The latter found in favor of Voiture against Benserade , i.e. in favor of the Duchesse de Longueville . Pierre Bayle has proclaimed Halley to be `` one of the greatest poets of his century '' ; even if his French poetry is weak , his Latin rhymes lack neither ease nor elegance . La Rue , Huet , Gilles Ménage , Lesueur de Pétiville , Pierre Cailly , and Michel Gonfrey have composed Latin verses in his honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4699dbf46a74e826316ab4dca9c73d12", "text": "Wendell Berry Wendell Erdman Berry ( born August 5 , 1934 ) is an American novelist , poet , environmental activist , cultural critic , and farmer . A prolific author , he has written many novels , short stories , poems , and essays . He is an elected member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers , a recipient of The National Humanities Medal , and the Jefferson Lecturer for 2012 . He is also a 2013 Fellow of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences . Berry was named the recipient of the 2013 Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award . On January 28 , 2015 , he became the first living writer to be inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "419c9e2aaabc5e743aa5f7c541992cf8", "text": "Geraldine Chaplin Geraldine Leigh Chaplin ( born July 31 , 1944 ) is a prolific actress of English , French , and Spanish language films , the fourth child of Charlie Chaplin , the first of eight with fourth wife Oona O'Neill . After beginnings in dance and modeling , she turned her attention to acting , and made her American acting debut ( and came to prominence in what would be a Golden Globe -- nominated role ) in her portrayal of Tonya in David Lean 's Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . She made her Broadway acting debut in Lillian Hellman 's The Little Foxes in 1967 , and received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman 's Nashville ( 1975 ) . She also appeared in his other pictures , including Buffalo Bill and the Indians , or Sitting Bull 's History Lesson ( 1976 ) , and A Wedding ( 1978 ) . She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Welcome to L.A. ( 1976 ) , and then appeared in Roseland ( 1977 ) and Remember My Name ( 1978 ) . She played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin in the biopic , Chaplin ( 1992 ) for which she received her third Golden Globe nomination . She also appeared in The Age of Innocence ( 1993 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1996 ) , Mother Teresa : In the Name of God 's Poor ( 1997 ) , and a decade later , in The Wolfman ( 2010 ) . Chaplin has appeared in a wide variety of critically recognised Spanish and French films . She starred in Claude Lelouch 's Les Uns et les Autres ( 1981 ) , the Alain Resnais comedy Life Is a Bed of Roses ( 1983 ) and the Jacques Rivette experimental film Love on the Ground ( 1984 ) . She enjoyed her greatest critical success collaborating with Carlos Saura , starring in several notable films by the director , including Ana and the Wolves ( 1973 ) , Cría cuervos ( 1976 ) , Elisa , vida mía ( 1977 ) , and Mamá cumple cien años ( 1979 ) . She collaborated with Pedro Almodóvar in Talk to Her ( 2002 ) . She was awarded a Goya Award for her role in En la ciudad sin límites ( 2002 ) , and was nominated again for The Orphanage ( 2007 ) . Her contribution to Spanish cinema culminated in her being awarded the Gold medal by the Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences in 2006 . Chaplin had a long term relationship with Spanish film director Carlos Saura , giving birth to their son , Shane Suara , in 1976 . A subsequent long-term relationship with Chilean cinematographer Patricio Castilla ( married , 2006 ) , gave her a daughter , Oona , born 1986 . As of 2011 , Chaplin maintained homes in Miami , Florida , in the United States , and in Madrid , Spain , and Corsier-sur-Vevey , Switzerland .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb98d994520e6368bb18bd2162764e20", "text": "The Chaplin Revue The Chaplin Revue is a 1959 film comprising three silent films made by Charlie Chaplin . The three shorts included are A Dog 's Life , Shoulder Arms , and The Pilgrim . All three star Chaplin 's trademark character , The Tramp . For the 1959 release , Chaplin added a soundtrack to help appeal to modern audiences . Chaplin also added extra footage including clips from to express the context . He provides a personal introduction to each of the clips . Current releases of the compilation on DVD also feature other Chaplin films produced with First National , including The Idle Class , Pay Day , A Day 's Pleasure , and Sunnyside , with Chaplin 's 1918 propaganda short The Bond as a special feature . Introductions by David Robinson , and behind-the-scenes footage are also included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2983f99fb09c6d468b5d20a4ddd93975", "text": "Edward Kelly (dancer) Edward ( Eddie ) Lawrence Kelly is an actor and dance and music consultant born August 26 , 1943 at the Episcopal Hospital in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , best known as a dancer on American Bandstand . An only child , Kelly spent his younger years in Kensington , Philadelphia . His mother was a housewife and his father a police officer and detective with the Philadelphia Police Department . He attended The Ascension of Our Lord Grammar School and Northeast Catholic High School . An avid fan of American Bandstand , Kelly made his first appearance on the show in 1959 . Kelly was featured in national teen magazines of the time ( Teen , 16 , Dig , Teen Screen , Movie Teen Illustrated etc. ) but was one of the few regulars to be acknowledged outside of the fan based periodicals , like Photoplay magazine , which was primarily devoted to Hollywood movie stars . Kelly appeared in the 1997 Teleductions documentary , Bandstand Days , and represented Bandstand in the American Bandstand Anniversary Special 33 1/3 held in Santa Monica , California . In 1985 , he was one of only six regular Bandstand dancers to appear on The Oprah Winfrey Show . He has been a guest on The Today Show , and , along with his Bandstand partner , Kathleen `` Bunny '' Gibson , made a cameo appearance on American Dreams the TV series . He appeared in the Broadway Revue - Radio Hits of 1958 and is depicted on the mural in the original American Bandstand studio in Philadelphia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53080f63ca09a2abc024b8fad39363d2", "text": "Melissa P. (film) Melissa P. is a 2005 erotic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino . It is based on Melissa Panarello 's semi-autobiographical diary novel , 100 colpi di spazzola prima di andare a dormire ( One Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed ) which focuses on the narrator 's teenage sex life . María Valverde stars as the protagonist , alongside Geraldine Chaplin in the Italian-Spanish production . The film was released on 18 November 2005 in Italy , where it topped the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28296509a256daeda41a5df2c1a2adfd", "text": "Aerial (dance move) A Aerial ( also acrobatic or air ) is a dance move in Lindy Hop where one 's feet leave the floor . The term has come to mean a wide range of special and unusual dance moves , including dips , slides , and tricks . The first Lindy Hop aerial was performed by Frankie Manning in 1935 . Frankie Manning and George `` Shorty '' Snowden competed in weekly dance contests at the Savoy Ballroom . Shorty George and Big Bea had a move , where they stood back-to-back ; they locked arms ; Big Bea bent over , picking Shorty George up on her back ; and then she carried him off the floor , while he kicked his feet . Frankie Manning wanted to outdo Shorty George , so he convinced his partner Freda Washington , to flip over his back . Called the ` over the back ' , this flip is considered the first Lindy aerial . Aerials quickly caught on in Lindy Hop . In 1935 , the troupe Whitey 's Lindy Hoppers ( aka the Harlem Congeroos ) formed and performed at private parties in New York . From 1936 to 1941 , they toured the world and performed in movies and some after 1945 , showing Lindy Hop and aerials to the world . Aerials had been performed in other dances before 1935 . For example , the Nicholas Brothers used leaps and flips in their tap dance routines in the early 1930s at the Cotton Club . Flash dancers , who toured with big bands in the United States in the early twentieth century , performed acrobatic dances , often matched with tap dancers and contortionists in traveling shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867e8184fdc9d637274d4fd4f543c7ce", "text": "Gaiety Girls Gaiety Girls were the chorus girls in Edwardian musical comedies , beginning in the 1890s at the Gaiety Theatre , London , in the shows produced by George Edwardes . The popularity of this genre of musical theatre depended , in part , on the beautiful dancing corps of `` Gaiety Girls '' appearing onstage in bathing attire and in the latest fashions . The 1890s Gaiety Girls were respectable , elegant young ladies , unlike the corseted actresses from London 's earlier musical burlesques . Later , even the stars of these musical comedies were referred to as Gaiety Girls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db9c6f1399b4f4b476e2f7c52578fdf6", "text": "Carol Raye Carol Raye ( born 17 January 1923 ) is a retired English-born singer and dancer , theatre and television and film actress and comedian . She is well known for her early career in the UK and later in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "988cfc0770d4791b0d1b005ca675c371", "text": "Louis Elliman Louis Elliman ( 1906 -- 1965 ) , was an Irish impresario and theatre manager . Elliman was born in Dublin , a son of Maurice Elliman , who had fled from Tsarist persecution in Russia . He was educated at Synge Street CBS . His father became involved in cinema by establishing the Theatre De Luxe in Camden St. in 1912 . After university Louis started work at a pharmacy but after a few years gave that up to become a film agent in London . In the meantime Maurice acquired Dublin 's Gaiety Theatre , which was passed on to Louis . In the early 1930s , Louis Elliman sold a 50 % share in the Gaiety to entrepreneur Patrick Wall , a Clare man . The pair also owned the Metropole and the Savoy cinemas . Along with Patrick Wall , Elliman acquired the Theatre Royal , Dublin in 1936 . With the outbreak of the Second World War , Wall and Elliman were forced to keep the two theatres going with native talent only . This led to the emergence of a raft of Irish acts who were to provide the mainstay of the Royal 's output for the remainder of its existence . These included such Irish household names as Jimmy O'Dea , Harry O'Donovan , Maureen Potter , Danny Cummins , Mike Nolan , Alice Dalgarno , Noel Purcell , Micheál MacLiammoir , Cecil Sheridan , Jack Cruise , Paddy Crosbie and Patricia Cahill . In July 1951 Judy Garland appeared for a series of sold out performances at the Royal and was received with tremendous ovations . The legendary singer sang from her dressing room window to hundreds of people who were unable to get tickets and critics dubbed her `` America 's Colleen '' Popular Irish American entertainer Carmel Quinn also made her singing debut in the Theatre Royal during the early 1950s . After a spell acquiring cinemas around the country , which were taken over by the Rank Organization , Louis went into film production . In 1957 he opened Ardmore Studios . With managing director Emmet Dalton he travelled to the US to promote the studios and to acquire foreign investment . The studios accordingly landed its first major foreign booking with 1959 's Shake Hands with the Devil , starring Oscar winner James Cagney and Dana Wynter . A year later progress was consolidated when Robert Mitchum appeared in Tay Garnett 's `` A Terrible Beauty '' . In 1961 , Ardmore Studios hosted the controversial `` The Mark '' , directed by Guy Green , which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and earned its star , Stuart Whitman , an Oscar nomination . Other films produced at this time include Don Chaffey 's The Webster Boys and `` Johnny Nobody '' with Cyril Cusack . Hammer Films also utilised the studios as a base for their production , The Viking Queen . The studios went into receivership in 1963 but re-opened later . Under pressure from rising overheads and the increasing popularity of the cinema and the introduction of television , the Theatre Royal closed its doors on 30 June 1962 . By this time Louis was dogged by bad health and died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d4061e567b30540507970825a12046", "text": "Maria Karnilova Maria Karnilova ( August 3 , 1920 -- April 20 , 2001 ) was an American dancer and actress . She was initially known legally as Maria Karniloff . She was born in Hartford , Connecticut , the daughter of Filip and Stefanida Dovgolenko ( or Dowholonok ) , emigrants from Tsarist Russia . The family later moved to Brooklyn , New York . She started her professional career in 1927 in the Children 's Ballet of the Metropolitan Opera and joined the corps when Ballet Theater , now American Ballet Theater , was founded in 1939 . She adopted the name Karniloff , and later , Karnilova as her professional name . Her professional surname was often ascribed as her own mother 's maiden name , however , that is inaccurate as her mother 's maiden name was `` Shlonskaya '' . Karnilova made her Broadway debut in 1946 in Call Me Mister . She won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for the original 1964 production of Fiddler on the Roof starring Zero Mostel and was nominated as Best Actress in a Musical for Zorba ( 1968 ) . Other Broadway credits include Miss Liberty ( 1949 ) , Two 's Company ( 1952 ) , Jerome Robbins ' Ballet : U.S.A. ( 1958 ) , Gypsy ( as the original `` Tessie Tura '' ; 1959 ) , Bravo Giovanni ( 1962 ) , Gigi ( 1973 ) , God 's Favorite ( 1974 ) , Bring Back Birdie ( 1981 ) , and the 1981 revival of Fiddler . Her film credits include The Unsinkable Molly Brown ( 1964 ) and Married to the Mob ( 1988 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a64c04733095dde44abe3cc1665f150", "text": "Gillian Norris Gillian Norris ( born 29 December 1978 ) is an Irish dancer and model best known for her work in Lord of the Dance and Feet of Flames . Norris was born in Kilmacthomas , County Waterford , Ireland on 29 December 1978 to Mary Norris and Desmond Norris , a carpenter and well-known tenor . Norris is the youngest of five children . She started dancing at the age 10 , when her parents signed her up for dance lessons at the Higgins School of Irish Dance in Waterford . She later won the All-Ireland , Great Britain , and British National titles and placed 3rd at the World Championships . Norris debuted as a professional dancer when she played `` Morrighan , The Temptress '' in Michael Flatley 's show , Lord of the Dance . Gillian danced with the show from its premiere in July 1996 at the Point Theater in Dublin until her departure in 2000 . Gillian toured the world with the show . Her rendition of Morrighan has been featured in two videos : The original video and the 1998 Feet of Flames video ( taped live in Hyde Park , London ) . When the show began in 1996 , she danced with Michael Flatley in the original show for a year , and then in late 1997 joined the second touring company ( Troupe 2 ) in the United States . In July 1998 , she returned to Troupe 1 and danced the lead in Feet of Flames in Hyde Park . She remained with Troupe 1 and toured Europe until she left the show in 2000 . After Gillian left the show , she returned to Ireland and briefly pursued a modeling and singing career . In summer 2001 , she briefly danced in the show Ragus in Dublin . She then enrolled in beauty therapy school , where she was a top student . In June 2005 , she opened her own beauty salon/spa in Kilmacthomas . Gillian says about performing , `` To me , no matter if there 's two people I 'm performing to or 20,000 people , I 'd perform the same way . I go out to make those happy ; they deserve that , they 're paying to see me dance and that 's what I do ; I go out and do my job . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b91ba86682fa5e9f3b9eed0fa54aa4a5", "text": "Eugene Chaplin Eugene Anthony Chaplin ( born August 23 , 1953 ) is a Swiss recording engineer and documentary filmmaker . He is the fifth child of Oona O'Neill and Charlie Chaplin , the grandson of playwright Eugene O'Neill , and the father of Kiera Chaplin . He is the president of the International Comedy Film Festival of Vevey , Switzerland . He directed the documentary film Charlie Chaplin : A Family Tribute produced by Jarl Ale de Basseville and created the musical `` Smile '' , which is a narration of Charlie Chaplin 's life through his music . As a recording engineer , he worked with The Rolling Stones , David Bowie , and Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7220494b5df4169be7cd5bcdb6e89205", "text": "Diana Gould (dancer) Diana Rosamond Constance Grace Irene Gould , later Diana Menuhin , Baroness Menuhin ( 12 November 1912 -- 25 January 2003 ) was a British ballerina and occasional actress and singer , who is best remembered as the second wife of the violinist Yehudi Menuhin . As a dancer , however , she was described by Anna Pavlova as the only English dancer she 'd seen who `` had a soul '' , and by Arnold Haskell as `` the most musical dancer the English have yet produced '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3ec70f9d5ba986698ee5a0ff19a14e9", "text": "Geraldine Newman Geraldine Newman ( born 18 February 1934 ) is an English film and television actress who has acted in more than 30 television programmes and films . Her most notable television performance was in the sitcom Ever Decreasing Circles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d108881bc2da5730d1ef400b5e6cda9", "text": "Rises and falls Rises and falls is a category of the ballroom dance technique that refers to rises and falls of the body of a dancer achieved through actions of knees and feet ( ankles ) . This technique is primarily recognized in International Standard and American Smooth dance categories . Rises and falls are important in Waltz , Foxtrot , Quickstep , and Viennese Waltz . Tango is described the `` level '' or `` flat '' dance , and its basic technique specifically eliminates rises/falls in the overall motion , with the exception of certain advanced figures and styles . The expression `` rises and falls of the body '' is a rather vague one , and in attempts to be more precise some texts refer to center of gravity , rather than body . This may also be misleading if taken out of context : the center of gravity may be lowered , e.g. , by bends and sways . In addition , a certain amount of body rise and fall may be achieved by hip action , used in Latin dance , but absolutely proscribed in Standard and Smooth . Rises and falls of the body is a natural phenomenon during casual walking : when feet are apart the body is closer to the ground than when the feet are together . Some dances , e.g. , Charleston , exaggerate this natural `` bobbing '' , while in many others bobbing at each step is considered to be bad style or lack of proper technique .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c829bf19c68597a3a040ff8715a7992b", "text": "Elsa Buchanan Elsa Buchanan ( 22 December 1908 -- 17 January 2004 ) was an English character actress with a brief career in theatre and film . Born Elsie Winifred Buchanan Tinker , Buchanan made her stage debut at age three at the Palace Theatre , London at a performance attended by Queen Mary . Buchanan was later the first Briton admitted to the training school of the Académie française . She made seventeen films in the United States , where she was noted for her blonde hair and called `` the girl with the largest eyes and the smallest waist in Hollywood . '' She accepted the proposal of her husband , a merchant sailor named Noll Charlton , while attending a coronation ball for King George VI and retired from film thereafter . Shortly before her death saw Gosford Park , in which one of the characters , a Hollywood producer , discusses casting for Charlie Chan in London , inviting a blonde maid to audition for the part that she actually played in that film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3996ecc2cc09ba976a45a881442eba2e", "text": "British Sequence Championships The British Sequence Championships are ballroom dancing championships for adults and children held annually in Blackpool , England . The championships for adults take place as part of the Blackpool Sequence Dance Festival and have been running since 1949 . They are held in the Empress Ballroom at the Winter Gardens in Blackpool . Dancers compete in up to five sequence dances determined by the organiser each year for the titles . The British Championship is seen as the highlight of the year , not only because it is `` one of the country 's most prestigious titles '' , but also due to the grandeur of the location . The Blackpool Sequence Dance Festival incorporates a popular competition day for children on the Saturday , followed by inventive competitions for professionals and the British Sequence Championships for Professional , Amateur Classical Sequence ( previously `` Old Time '' ) , Amateur Modern Sequence , Senior Classical Sequence and Under 21s Classical Sequence . The championship events are granted by the British Dance Council and are run under their rules . The festival celebrated its 60th year in 2009 . Entrants to the Championships predominantly come from Great Britain , although many Irish dance schools have attended the festival over the years . Entrants have also come from as far away as Japan and Australia . The British Sequence Championships for children takes place as part of the Blackpool Junior Dance Festival , running since 1947 . They start on Easter Monday each year and run for a week . Until 2010 , when increasing numbers prompted a move to the Empress Ballroom , they had been held at the Tower Ballroom in Blackpool Tower . The events incorporate the Juvenile Classical Sequence Championship , the Junior Classical Sequence Championship and the Junior Modern Sequence Championship . Famous entrants to the championships include a young Cheryl Cole and former World Amateur Ballroom Champion Jonathon Crossley with partner Kylie Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598973aceeb62fcaa84f89c61f3e512d", "text": "The Dancer (2000 film) The Dancer is a 2000 English-language french drama film , starring Mia Frye . It was written by Jessica Kaplan & Luc Besson ( who also produced it ) and directed by Frédéric Garson . The film was first shown at the Cannes Film Festival on May 19 , 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd63c5fd9dbd1c6f6979141f7ef5ff5c", "text": "The Freak The Freak was an unfinished dramatic comedy from Charles Chaplin . The story revolved around a young South American girl who unexpectedly sprouts a pair of wings . She is kidnapped and taken to London , where her captors cash in by passing her off as an angel . Later she escapes , only to be arrested because of her appearance . She is further dehumanized by standing trial to determine if she is human at all . Chaplin began work in and around 1969 with his daughter Victoria in mind for the lead role . However , Victoria 's abrupt marriage and his advanced age proved roadblocks and the film was never made . Chaplin biographer Jeffrey Vance maintains that Chaplin script for The Freak `` borrows many themes , ideas , and even phrases from his three previous films but is nevertheless an original story filled with marvelous Chaplin comedy touches . '' Vance , who interviewed Victoria Chaplin , believes The Freak `` had strong potential for being a very moving -- and fitting -- swan song . '' Chaplin 's memoir , My Life in Pictures ( 1974 ) , describes The Freak as a work still in progress . He also mentioned his intent to make it in an interview on his 85th birthday in 1974 . `` I mean to make it someday '' , Chaplin writes in a caption alongside a photograph of Victoria in winged costume published in My Life in Pictures . No footage from the film is known to exist , though brief color footage of Victoria in wings can be seen in Charlie Chaplin - Les années suisses ( 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e433214333cdf87506389a4a735aed", "text": "Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera . The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work . For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed . The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation . This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616ea9a536a135981725e00e4707fb6b", "text": "Letty Lind Letitia Elizabeth Rudge , better known as Letty Lind ( 21 December 1861 -- 27 August 1923 ) , was an English actress , singer , dancer and acrobat , best known for her work in burlesque at the Gaiety Theatre , and in musical theatre at Daly 's Theatre , in London .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1c6957ccd64aca66c09d76a2e371d0e7", "text": "Louis Tomlinson Louis William Tomlinson ( born Louis Troy Austin ; 24 December 1991 ) is an English singer-songwriter and actor . He is known as a member of the pop boy band One Direction . Tomlinson began his career as an actor , initially appearing in ITV drama Fat Friends as an extra . He also went on to appear in another ITV drama film If I Had You and the BBC drama Waterloo Road . In 2010 , he became a founding member of One Direction after auditioning as a solo artist on The X Factor . Following the band 's hiatus , Tomlinson released the single `` Just Hold On '' with Steve Aoki in December 2016 . In 2013 , he was signed as a footballer by Doncaster Rovers of the Football League Championship on a non-contract basis . The same year he also formed his own record label , Triple Strings Ltd. . He appeared on Debrett 's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "efbb55a372b66a24ad9376396bb69a4a", "text": "Lemon La Vida Loca Lemon La Vida Loca is a British spoof reality show created and written by , and starring , comedian Leigh Francis and actress Laura Aikman . The show 's title is a parody of Ricky Martin 's 1999 hit single `` Livin ' la Vida Loca '' . The series follows the character of television personality Keith Lemon , capturing his home and work life , and everything in between . The series began airing on 2 August 2012 on ITV2 , and concluded its first series on 23 August 2012 . Whilst on Let 's Do Lunch with Gino & Mel , Lemon announced that a Christmas special of Lemon La Vida Loca would air in December . He confirmed this news on his Twitter page as well . A second series began airing on 6 June 2013 . Aikman announced that she would not be returning to the show for the second series , but she did make an appearance on episode 1 . It was announced in January 2014 that Lemon La Vida Loca would not be renewed for a third series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda2957cc532360202f55f547fce01e6", "text": "List of The Big Reunion episodes The Big Reunion is a British reality-documentary series that began airing on ITV2 on 31 January 2013 . The show follows chart-topping groups that have reformed for the show and were big names in the UK pop music scene in the 1990s and early 2000s , and the show follows them through their two weeks of intensive rehearsals before they step back on stage for a comeback performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb649781b74ee5387dc44ba7e6cbbd26", "text": "Truckers (2013 TV series) Truckers is a British drama television series that first broadcast on BBC One on 10 October 2013 . The series is about Britain through the lives of truck drivers working in Nottingham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "516fe394fca9e4d37b493caec8bacefe", "text": "Lions4Life Lions4Life is a monthly reality show produced by GreenSmile Productions . It debuted on SuperSport ( TV channel ) 1 on Thursday , 23 February 2012 at 19:30 for its first season , which ran for 11 episodes . Currently , Lions4Life is in its second season , which aired on 31 January 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2817380c7e8feb5ca9885aec329e11e", "text": "TVGoHome TVGoHome was a website which parodied the television listings style of the British magazine Radio Times . It was produced fortnightly from 1999 to 2001 , and sporadically until 2003 , by Charlie Brooker . The site now exists only in archive form . TVGoHome columns also appeared for a short time in Loaded magazine , sometimes edited from their original web version . The website gained a cult following , partly due to its tie-up with the technology newsletter Need To Know , and its use of strong language , surreal imagery and savage satire reminiscent of the work of Chris Morris . Indeed , Morris himself contributed on occasion , under the pseudonym ` Sid Peach ' . Regular targets for ridicule were the Daily Mail , Mick Hucknall of Simply Red , and the TV presenters Rowland Rivron and Nicky Campbell . TVGoHome '' 's most consistent target , however , was fictional . Nathan Barley , an ex-public-school media wannabe living off his parents ' wealth , had his life chronicled in a fly-on-the-wall documentary series ( in the TVGoHome universe ) entitled simply ` Cunt ' . Detailing Barley 's life in comfortably wealthy Westbourne Grove in west London , the programme essentially mocked the `` new media '' scene and its population of middle-class web designers , DJs and magazine producers , their obsessions with absurd fashions and gadgetry , their inevitably feeble attempts at creativity and their tireless and ludicrous efforts to embody the cutting edge of urban cool . A spinoff book of the same title was later released featuring old and new material . Brooker has cited the increasing absurdity of reality television as one of the main reasons he stopped writing TVGoHome . The ideas for real life shows such as Touch the Truck , in which contestants must continually touch a truck for 24 hours in order to win the truck as a prize , were the kind of idea that at one point would only have existed as a satirical creation of Brooker 's website . Now that they were becoming a reality , Brooker felt it was time to stop . In 2006 , Brooker began a regular column in The Guardian '' , featuring new TVGoHome listings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc00a7acdcc0c77461c1d80fc36ae0f", "text": "Life with the Lyons Life with the Lyons was a British radio and television domestic sitcom from the 1950s ( 1950 -- 1961 on radio , 1955 -- 1960 on television ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27d7bb60c3a67663bf60b4fcbfabdf3", "text": "The King Is Dead (TV series) The King is Dead is a British comedy show created , written by and starring Simon Bird . Also presenting are Nick Mohammed and Katy Wix . It aired on Thursdays at 10.30 pm on BBC Three , with repeats on both Friday and Saturday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3206354cf5daaae26d01682ef618c5ef", "text": "An Audience with... An Audience with ... is a British entertainment television show produced by London Weekend Television ( now part of ITV Studios ) , in which a host , usually a singer or comedian , performs for an invited audience of celebrity guests , interspersed with questions from the audience , in a light hearted revue/tribute style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8ff5e5ccef373441d5aefc5d5f9731b", "text": "The Robinsons The Robinsons is a British comedy television series that debuted on BBC Two on 5 May 2005 . The show 's central character is a divorced reinsurance actuary , Ed Robinson ( played by Martin Freeman ) , who realises that reinsurance is not his passion and decides to rethink his life . The series is written and directed by Mark Bussell and Justin Sbresni . The show 's executive producers include Jon Plowman and Michele Buck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4baf37bcb28f2a02905d053c6a9cfdb3", "text": "Louis Walsh (disambiguation) Louis Walsh ( born 1952 ) is an Irish entertainment manager and television personality . Louis Walsh may also refer to : Louis Walsh ( politician ) , member of Seanad Éireann Louis Joseph Walsh ( 1880 -- 1942 ) , Irish republican activist and author Louis Sebastian Walsh ( 1858 -- 1924 ) , American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9312b0127b36a8db33c7b5c05b21abae", "text": "Got Talent Got Talent is a British talent show television format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell 's SYCOtv company . A pilot was made in the United Kingdom in 2005 , hosted by Paul O'Grady , but after O'Grady 's split with ITV , the series was postponed , resulting in NBC 's America 's Got Talent -- the first full series of the format . It has spawned spin-offs in over 58 countries ( as of April 2014 ) , in what is now referred to as the ` Got Talent ' format , similar to that described by FremantleMedia of the Idol and The X Factor formats . Unlike those shows , Got Talent showcases several artistic disciplines in addition to singing . In April 2014 , the format was named the world 's most successful reality TV format ever by the Guinness World Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41bcfff1d38f7d1679d4364c9e60becb", "text": "Car Booty Car Booty is a British television programme shown on BBC One as part of their daytime schedule , and is showing on Digital channel , Home , it was also repeated on Challenge TV for a brief period in February 2005 . The concept of the show is for a family or group who are in need of funds to sell items from around their home at a car boot sale , in order to raise the desired amount of money . There are times when there is an antique too good for the boot sale , so coverage of a family member taking an item to a specialist is often shown . The show is presented by Lorne Spicer , who can also be seen on daytime show Money Spinners and recently on BBC 's My Life For Sale . She is joined by valuer Mark Franks and from time to time Paul Hayes , who also presents the show by himself when Lorne is not available . The show is made by Leopard Films , who also make Cash in the Attic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f5c88ad45c06d0ea2578d56af29e74b", "text": "You're Back in the Room You 're Back in the Room is a British television game show that has broadcast on ITV from 14 March 2015 to 9 April 2016 . The show is hosted by Phillip Schofield and stars Keith Barry . The premise consists of contestants who have to complete a series of normally straightforward tasks after being subject to deep hypnosis , causing them to be compelled to develop various distracting tics or quirks that hinder their ability to compete . A second series consisting of four episodes was announced on 21 July 2015 and began airing on 12 March 2016 . On 7 October 2016 , it was announced that the show had been axed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9580af6a51792362e7b9121f5ab41a6", "text": "This Is... (TV series) This Is ... is a British entertainment show , celebrating the best of British Music . Starring Michael Bublé , JLS , Justin Bieber and Lionel Richie . Presented by various celebrity hosts including Christine Bleakley and Reggie Yates", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad3cca7e2148e3617b0f8ac12586235", "text": "Today with Des and Mel Today with Des and Mel was a British television series hosted by Des O'Connor and Melanie Sykes . The show featured celebrity guests , phone-in competitions and chat between the hosts . It was produced by Carlton Television , at The London Studios . The show was previously produced at Teddington Studios for the first series . Today with Des and Mel was loosely based on the format of the popular American television show , Live with Regis and Kelly . At one stage , the show was given the green light for an evening version to be made . For a short time in January 2005 , the show appeared in a 5 p.m. slot , but this was soon dropped , and a full prime-time version never came about . ITV announced on 12 May 2006 , that the show had been axed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "970de0c22230124a3ee012cde4521b25", "text": "Celebrity Poker Club Celebrity Poker Club was a British television series featuring celebrities playing poker . It aired on Challenge for three series from 2003 to 2005 as a spin-off from Channel 4 's popular Late Night Poker series . Liam Flood was the casino manager for the series , and Cayt Dear was the producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3408204a8872c50c674a9594862bff17", "text": "The Music Show The Music Show was an early American television program which was broadcast on the now defunct DuMont Television Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb155e7c7fca45c93595ed997188530c", "text": "The Catherine Tate Show The Catherine Tate Show is a British television sketch comedy written by Catherine Tate and Aschlin Ditta . Tate also stars in all but one of the show 's sketches , which feature a wide range of characters . The Catherine Tate Show airs on BBC Two and is shown worldwide through the BBC . Collectively , the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award , and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards , two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3e4d6d1afd8a764a6c2da541ed6a2878", "text": "George Best George Best ( 22 May 1946 -- 25 November 2005 ) was a Northern Irish professional footballer who played as a winger for Manchester United and the Northern Ireland national team . In 1968 , he won the European Cup with Manchester United , and was named the European Footballer of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year . The Irish Football Association described him as the `` greatest player to ever pull on the green shirt of Northern Ireland '' . Born and brought up in Belfast , Best began his club career in England with Manchester United , with the scout who had spotted his talent at the age of 15 sending a telegram to manager Matt Busby which read : `` I think I 've found you a genius . '' After making his debut for United aged 17 , he scored 179 goals from 470 appearances over 11 years , and was the club 's top goalscorer in the league for five consecutive seasons . One of the greatest dribblers of all time , his playing style combined pace , skill , balance , feints , two-footedness , goalscoring and the ability to beat defenders . Best unexpectedly quit United in 1974 at age 27 , but returned to football for a number of clubs around the world in short spells , until retiring in 1984 , age 37 . In international football , he was capped 37 times and scored nine goals between 1964 and 1977 , although a combination of the team 's performance and his lack of fitness in 1982 meant that he never played in the finals of a European Championship or World Cup . Best was one of the first celebrity footballers , earning the nickname `` El Beatle '' in 1966 , but his subsequent extravagant lifestyle led to various problems , most notably alcoholism , which he suffered from for the rest of his life . These issues affected him on and off the field , at times causing controversy . He said of his career : `` I spent a lot of money on booze , birds -LSB- women -RSB- and fast cars -- the rest I just squandered '' . After football , he spent some time as a football analyst , but his financial and health problems continued into his retirement . He died in 2005 , age 59 , due to complications from the immunosuppressive drugs he needed to take after a liver transplant in 2002 . Best was married twice , to two former models , Angie Best and then Alex Best . His son Calum Best was born in 1981 from his first marriage . Before he died , Best was voted 8th in the World Soccer 100 greatest football players of the 20th century election in 1999 and was voted 16th in the IFFHS World Player of the Century election in 1999 . He was on the six man short list for the BBC 's Sports Personality of the Century in 1999 . Best was one of the inaugural 22 inductees into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 . In 2004 , he was voted 19th in the public UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll and was named in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . Former Brazilian footballer Pelé stated , `` George Best was the greatest player in the world '' . Best was once quoted as saying , `` Pelé called me the greatest footballer in the world . That is the ultimate salute to my life . '' On what would have been his 60th birthday , Belfast City Airport was renamed the George Best Belfast City Airport . According to the BBC , Best was remembered by mourners at his public funeral held in Belfast as `` the beautiful boy '' -LSB- with a -RSB- `` beautiful game '' . Mark Garnett and Richard Weight have explored the enduring appeal of George Best . The British like their heroes to be tragic ones : possessed of enough glamour and talent for stardom to be lived vicariously through them ; yet flawed and vulnerable enough for the public not to be threatened by their success .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c5127455c8edeae1b611c546d1870b30", "text": "Highest and best use Highest and best use , or highest or best use ( HBU ) , is a concept that originated with early economists such as Irving Fisher ( 1867-1947 ) , who conceptualized the idea of maximum productivity . One of the earliest citations of the term is found in the Minutes of the Maine Legislature as early as 1831 in speaking about the assessment and valuation of real estate : '' ... the land was classified preceding such change of use , had such real estate been assessed at its highest and best use ... '' It is the concept in real estate appraisal that shows how the highest value for a property is arrived at . In any case where the market value of real property is sought , that value must be based on its highest and best use . Highest and best use is always that use that would produce the highest value for a property , regardless of its actual current use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f7c657aaea89db88a9c84e7dad65ea", "text": "George IV of the United Kingdom George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle . His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "357b787a838627dd8c0c395b9980323a", "text": "George Morrow (computers) George Morrow ( January 30 , 1934 -- May 7 , 2003 ) was part of the early microcomputer industry in the United States . Morrow promoted and improved the S-100 bus used in many early microcomputers . Called `` one of the microcomputer industry 's iconoclasts '' by Richard Dalton in the Whole Earth Software Catalog , Morrow was also a member of the Homebrew Computer Club . Born in Detroit in 1934 , Morrow was a high school dropout . At the age of 28 , he decided to return to school , receiving a bachelor 's degree in physics from Stanford University , followed by a master 's degree in mathematics from the University of Oklahoma . He sought a PhD in mathematics from UC Berkeley , but while there became fascinated by computers and began working as a programmer in the computer lab there . Meanwhile , the Altair 8800 made its debut in 1975 , and Morrow began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club . Starting in 1976 , he designed and sold computers , computer parts , and accessories under several company names , including Thinker Toys ( changed after CBS threatened a suit as it was too close to their trademark Tinker Toys ) and restarted the business as Morrow Designs . His initial product was an 8080 board with an octal-notation keypad , but it proved unappealing to hobbyists who preferred the binary notation and flip switches of the Altair 8800 . Afterwards , he attempted a 16-bit machine based on the National Semiconductor PACE CPU with the help of Bill Godbout , Chuck Grant , and Mark Greenberg . Differences between him and the latter two led to their leaving to found North Star Computers . He then sold 4 KB S-100 memory boards before attempting a new computer with Howard Fulmer in 1977 . The Equinox 100 was a powerful machine in an attractive cabinet , but failed to attract much attention as it used an 8080 at a time when the Z80 was rapidly taking over . Morrow turned to selling floppy drives for S-100 machines . The package ( which proved quite popular ) included an 8 '' external drive , controller board , CP/M , and CBASIC . In 1982 , he issued the Morrow Micro Decision line , a group of single-board Z80 machines designed to answer the high price of computer hardware . A single-drive 200k system sold for under $ 2000 equipped with a terminal , which placed it squarely in competition with the other CP/M systems , they were respectable business machines with `` no sex appeal '' but an extensive software bundle , and came in a desktop case like the IBM Displaywriter they were intended to compete against . The CP/M platform was rapidly displaced by the newer ( yet very similar ) MS-DOS/PC-DOS platforms . The 16-bit 8086 architecture of the new machines enabled them to break the 64 KB RAM limit of CP/M and address up to a megabyte of RAM . CP/Ms fortunes were n't helped by the user-oriented marketing of Microsoft and IBM and the lack of same by Digital Research . In 1986 , Morrow released its first IBM-compatible computer , a lunchbox portable known as the Morrow Pivot II ( based on its unique form factor where neither the keyboard nor the monitor folded away from the case ) . Produced by an outside OEM manufacturer , the same model was also sold by Zenith Data Systems as the Z-171 . In addition to its lower cost and more prominent brand name , Zenith won an extremely profitable contract to sell computers to the US government , after the President of Morrow Designs left to go to work for Zenith . Morrow filed for bankruptcy by the end of the year . Following the collapse of his computer businesses , Morrow devoted the rest of his life to his hobby of collecting original 78 RPM jazz and dance records from the 1920s and '30s . Until his death , he digitally transcribed and restored thousands of recordings using a computer system he developed , reissuing them under his Old Masters label . He died in May 2003 from aplastic anemia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b83c66a3886721631434539e999f3efb", "text": "Best of World Championship Wrestling Best of World Championship Wrestling ( a.k.a. Best of Championship Wrestling ) was an hour-long Sunday evening edition of TBS ' Saturday night wrestling shows , Georgia Championship Wrestling and NWA World Championship Wrestling . The rights to Best of World Championship Wrestling now belong to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e505ce08107a4dd04fb27d9bc65582d", "text": "Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges . Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "343faa2922f0d3ecf5ab80e64fa2eed2", "text": "State funerals in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom , a state funeral is usually reserved for a monarch . The last such funeral was held in 1952 for King George VI . In addition , very exceptionally , a state funeral may be held to honour a highly distinguished figure , with the approval of the monarch and with Parliament 's approval ( of the expenditure of public funds ) . This last happened in 1965 for Sir Winston Churchill . Other funerals ( including those of senior members of the Royal Family and high-ranking public figures ) may share many of the characteristics of a state funeral without being gazetted as such ; for these , the term ` ceremonial funeral ' is used . In the 21st century , the funerals of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ( 2002 ) and Baroness Thatcher ( 2013 ) have fallen into this category . Along with the funeral service itself ( which will be a large-scale national occasion ) , these events tend to be characterized by the use of a gun carriage to transport the coffin between locations , accompanied by a procession of military bands and detachments along with mourners and other officials . They may also feature a lying in state and other associated ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68faeda2f50eab595360a56c517a2da2", "text": "List of Prime Ministers of King George VI King George VI was the monarch of the United Kingdom , the British Commonwealth and the British Empire from 11 December 1936 until his death on 6 February 1952 . During his reign George was served by a total of 31 Prime Ministers ; 4 from the United Kingdom , 7 from Australia , 2 from Canada , 1 from Ceylon , 1 from India , 1 from Ireland , 3 from Malta , 3 from New Zealand , 3 from Northern Ireland , 2 from Pakistan , 3 from South Africa and 1 from Southern Rhodesia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e36436b375a0d7b3c0ed113bc283ac30", "text": "William Best William Best may refer to : William Best ( cricketer ) ( 1865 -- 1942 ) , English cricketer William Thomas Best ( 1826 -- 1897 ) , English organist William Best , 1st Baron Wynford ( 1767 -- 1845 ) , British politician and judge William Best ( Nova Scotia politician ) ( died 1782 ) , Nova Scotia politician , one of the founders of Halifax William Best , composed the music for the song '' ( I Love You ) For Sentimental Reasons '' Willie Best ( 1916 -- 1962 ) , American television and film actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fbf9e9b902b514ed2c5553401a24d32", "text": "George Shearing Sir George Shearing , OBE ( 13 August 1919 14 February 2011 ) was a British jazz pianist who for many years led a popular jazz group that recorded for Discovery Records , MGM Records and Capitol Records . The composer of over 300 titles , including the jazz standard `` Lullaby of Birdland '' , had multiple albums on the Billboard charts during the 1950s , 1960s , 1980s and 1990s . He died of heart failure in New York City , at the age of 91 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22bdbf4df6746708413f55b7f302e8d0", "text": "It's Bad for Ya It 's Bad for Ya is the 19th and final album , and 14th and final HBO stand-up comedy special by stand-up comedian George Carlin . It was televised live on March 1 , 2008 on HBO , less than four months before he died of heart failure at age 71 . The album is the follow-up to the 2005 HBO special Life Is Worth Losing . Carlin worked on this material since ending his `` Life Is Worth Losing '' Tour . The working title for this show was The Parade of Useless Bullshit . Filmed in the Wells Fargo Center for the Arts in Santa Rosa , California , the show 's stage behind Carlin was designed to represent a cozy living room theme . The CD was released July 29 , and the DVD and Blu-ray Disc on November 25 . It 's Bad For Ya received the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album , awarded posthumously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef0d0bda38d2801a9f9695d9b981812", "text": "George Peabody Medal The George Peabody Medal , named in honour of George Peabody , is the highest honour bestowed by the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University . The award , established in 1980 , honours individuals who have made exceptional contributions to music in America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6129067205e756a9990a65da0e0e1f0", "text": "21st Screen Actors Guild Awards The 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards , honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2014 , were presented on January 25 , 2015 , on both TNT and TBS 8:00 p.m. EST / 5:00 p.m. PST . Nominees were announced on December 10 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304f0e23664a3ad2050f97743b2da900", "text": "Concert for George (album) Concert for George is a live tribute soundtrack album in honour of George Harrison , issued in 2003 in conjunction with the simultaneous DVD release of the same name . Featuring performances of many of Harrison 's best-known songs , played by his closest musician friends , Concert for George is considered a fitting and heartfelt celebration of Harrison 's considerable career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c47eb52b465a9aab24358a84a1d16d03", "text": "George Daniels (watchmaker) George Daniels , CBE , DSc , FBHI , FSA , AHCI ( 19 August 1926 -- 21 October 2011 ) was a British horologist who was considered to be the best in the world during his lifetime . He was one of the few modern watchmakers who built complete watches by hand ( including the case and dial ) . But it was his creation of the coaxial escapement for which he is most remembered . The movement , which removed the need to add a lubricant , has been used by Omega in their highest-grade watches since 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "324c6a26eec1925953bfad923492d9a6", "text": "21st Century Hits: Best of 2000–2012 21st Century Hits : Best of 2000 -- 2012 is the fourth greatest hits compilation album by American country music artist Dwight Yoakam . It was released by New West Records on October 1 , 2013 . It includes songs from the albums Tomorrow 's Sounds Today , Population Me , Blame the Vain , Dwight Sings Buck and 3 Pears , as well as a cover of `` Crazy Little Thing Called Love '' from his last best-of Last Chance for a Thousand Years and a previously unreleased duet with Michelle Branch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b65fb53651f33f973f1f9aa070b74b4", "text": "The Best American Essays The Best American Essays is a yearly anthology of magazine articles published in the United States . It was started in 1986 and is now part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin . Articles are chosen using the same procedure with other titles in the Best American series ; the series editor chooses about 100 article candidates , from which the guest editor picks 25 or so for publication ; the remaining runner-up articles listed in the appendix . The series is edited by Robert Atwan , and Joyce Carol Oates assisted in the editing process until 2000 with the publication of The Best American Essays of the Century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f339a0544f94c6739f865ffdb5f36390", "text": "George Edward Hilt George Edward Hilt , also known as George E Hilt or George Hilt ( March 7 , 1916 -- October 2 , 2012 ) , was a businessman and philanthropist . Many of his financial gifts were for the benefit of Muskegon and Whitehall , Michigan . Hilt was founder of Quality Farm and Fleet , which briefly developed into the United States ' largest farm-store retailer . He served in World War II .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "16ae3bae18e35ddc77244d4418757a46", "text": "Bill Gates William Henry Gates III ( born October 28 , 1955 ) is the co-founder of Microsoft and is an American business magnate , investor , author and philanthropist . In 1975 , Gates and Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft , which became the world 's largest PC software company . During his career at Microsoft , Gates held the positions of chairman , CEO and chief software architect , while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014 . Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000 , but he remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect for himself . In June 2006 , Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie and Craig Mundie . He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014 , taking on a new post as technology adviser to support the then newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella . Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution . He has been criticized for his business tactics , which have been considered anti-competitive , an opinion that has in some cases been upheld by numerous court rulings . Later in his career , Gates pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors , donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , established in 2000 . Since 1987 , Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world 's wealthiest people . Gates is the richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 88.5 billion . In 2009 , Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge , whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0e55a23e19de6705c31f7398eea900ee", "text": "Monad (functional programming) In functional programming , a monad is a structure that defines how functions , actions , inputs , and outputs are used together to build a computer program . Monads can be seen as a functional design pattern to build generic types , with the following organization : Define a data type , and how values of that datatype are combined . Create functions that use the data type , and compose them together into actions , following the rules defined in the first step . A monad may encapsulate values of a particular data type , creating a new type associated with a specific computation . For example , the simple Maybe monad encapsulates variables which may have a null value , representing an option type , and automatically ensures that null values are not passed as arguments to functions that can not handle them . Another example is the List monad , where the empty list is a constant value of type List , and the cons operator binds a plain value as the head of a previous list . The monad represents computations with a sequential structure : a monad defines what it means to chain operations together . This enables the programmer to build pipelines that process data in a series of steps ( i.e. a series of actions applied to the data ) , in which each action is decorated with the additional processing rules provided by the monad . A monad is defined by a return operator that creates values , and a bind operator used to link the actions in the pipeline ; this definition must follow a set of axioms called monad laws , which are needed for the composition of actions in the pipeline to work properly . Monads allow a programming style where programs are written by putting together highly composable parts , combining in flexible ways the possible actions that can work on a particular type of data . As such , monads have been described as `` programmable semicolons '' ; a semicolon is the operator used to chain together individual statements in many imperative programming languages , thus the expression implies that extra code will be executed between the actions in the pipeline . Monads have also been explained with a physical metaphor as assembly lines , where a conveyor belt transports data between functional units that transform it one step at a time . Purely functional programs can use monads to structure procedures that include sequenced operations like those found in structured programming . Many common programming concepts can be described in terms of a monad structure without losing the beneficial property of referential transparency , including side effects such as input/output , variable assignment , exception handling , parsing , nondeterminism , concurrency , continuations , or domain-specific languages . This allows these concepts to be defined in a purely functional manner , without major extensions to the language 's semantics . Languages like Haskell provide monads in the standard core , allowing programmers to reuse large parts of their formal definition and apply in many different libraries the same interfaces for combining functions . The name and concept comes from category theory , where monads are one particular kind of functor , a mapping between categories . In functional programming contexts , thanks to the specifics of the category used , the term monad denotes what is known as strong monad in category theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5613a57821ac5649b2895bd3ad68a393", "text": "Microsoft PowerPoint Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program currently developed by Microsoft , for use on both Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems . PowerPoint , initially named `` Presenter '' , was created by Forethought Inc. . Microsoft 's version of PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22 , 1990 , as a part of the Microsoft Office suite . PowerPoint is useful for helping develop the slide-based presentation format and is currently one of the most commonly used slide-based presentation programs available . Microsoft has also released the PowerPoint mobile application for use on Apple and Android mobile operating systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9e69f7723e38f4a101e551eb220cb7f", "text": "MSX MSX is the name of a standardized home computer architecture , first announced by Microsoft on June 16 , 1983 , and marketed by Kazuhiko Nishi , then Vice-president at Microsoft Japan and Director at ASCII Corporation . Microsoft conceived the project as an attempt to create unified standards among various hardware makers of the period . They were popular mostly in Japan , and several other countries . It is difficult to estimate how many MSX computers were sold worldwide , but eventually 5 million MSX-based units were sold in Japan alone . Despite Microsoft 's involvement , the MSX-based machines were seldom released in the United States , Before the appearance and great success of Nintendo 's Family Computer , MSX was the platform for which major Japanese game studios , such as Konami and Hudson Soft , produced video game titles . The Metal Gear series , for example , was originally written for MSX hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28dfdfea79740d223d94bb1e964c83a", "text": "Media Foundation Media Foundation ( MF ) is a COM-based multimedia framework pipeline and infrastructure platform for digital media in Windows Vista , Windows 7 , Windows 8 , Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 . It is the intended replacement for Microsoft DirectShow , Windows Media SDK , DirectX Media Objects ( DMOs ) and all other so-called `` legacy '' multimedia APIs such as Audio Compression Manager ( ACM ) and Video for Windows ( VfW ) . The existing DirectShow technology is intended to be replaced by Media Foundation step-by-step , starting with a few features . For some time there will be a co-existence of Media Foundation and DirectShow . Media Foundation will not be available for previous Windows versions , including Windows XP . The first release , present in Windows Vista , focuses on audio and video playback quality , high-definition content ( i.e. HDTV ) , content protection and a more unified approach for digital data access control for digital rights management ( DRM ) and its interoperability . It integrates DXVA 2.0 for offloading more of the video processing pipeline to hardware , for better performance . Videos are processed in the colorspace they were encoded in , and are handed off to the hardware , which composes the image in its native colorspace . This prevents intermediate colorspace conversions to improve performance . MF includes a new video renderer , called Enhanced Video Renderer ( EVR ) , which is the next iteration of VMR 7 and 9 . EVR has better support for playback timing and synchronization . It uses the Multimedia Class Scheduler Service ( MMCSS ) , a new service that prioritizes real time multimedia processing , to reserve the resources required for the playback , without any tearing or glitches . The second release included in Windows 7 introduces expanded media format support and DXVA HD for acceleration of HD content if WDDM 1.1 drivers are used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8ad63651501c4d2d4f4ff6c098429e", "text": "Turning the Pages Turning the Pages is software technology for viewing scanned books on-line in a realistic and detailed manner . It was developed by the British Library in partnership with Armadillo Systems . The original version , first released in 1997 , uses Adobe Shockwave . In January 2007 version 2.0 version was developed for Microsoft Vista using a browser-based Windows Presentation Foundation format . Features include page turns that are modeled on the actually deformation of different types of material ( for example in a book with vellum pages , which is heavier than printed on paper , will appear to collapse under its own weight as it is turned ) . For certain books , such as the Sherborne Missal , the gold leaf catches the light as the book moves around . The British Library has released a `` Turning the Pages Toolkit '' for libraries around the world to put their collections online . The Codex Leicester along with Codex Arundel was one of the first to be made available in the 2.0 format , with Bill Gates saying `` This is an innovative way to bring treasures - including mine - to a new audience , ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3483db41f68915839b58eebd4c9b3059", "text": "Mark Lucovsky Mark Lucovsky is an American software developer who worked for Microsoft and who is now employed by VMware as Vice President of Engineering in charge of Cloud Foundry . He is noted for being a part of the team that designed and built the Windows NT operating system , which after Windows XP became the basis of all current Windows releases . Lucovsky received his bachelor 's degree in computer science in 1983 from California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo . He worked at Digital Equipment Corporation , where he came to the attention of Dave Cutler and Lou Perazzoli . When Cutler and Perazzoli moved to Microsoft to work on their next generation operating system , they asked him to join them . Among his contributions to Windows NT was an eighty-page manual that he wrote with Steve R. Wood defining the Windows application programming interfaces for software developers working on the Windows NT platform . He also managed check-ins to the Windows NT source code , tracking each check-in and discussing it with the developer before allowing it to be committed . Lucovsky was instrumental in moving the Windows team from the homegrown SLM revision control system to a custom version of Perforce ( SourceDepot ) . Mark Lucovsky has stated that Steve Ballmer , on being informed that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google , picked up a chair and threw it across the room , hitting a table in his office . Lucovsky also described Ballmer as saying : `` Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy . I 'm going to fucking bury that guy , I have done it before , and I will do it again . I 'm going to fucking kill Google , '' then resumed trying to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft . Ballmer has described this as a `` gross exaggeration of what actually took place . '' Lucovsky worked on the Microsoft . NET My Services product ( codenamed Hailstorm ) prior to moving to Google . At Google , he served as a Technical Director for the Ajax Search API . He joined VMware in July 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b29a7b15dc33690def877e234ac4bcc8", "text": "MS-DOS MS-DOS ( -LSB- ˌɛmɛsˈdɒs -RSB- ; acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System ) is a discontinued operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft . Collectively , MS-DOS , its rebranding as IBM PC DOS , and some operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS , are sometimes referred to as `` DOS '' ( which is also the generic acronym for disk operating system ) . MS-DOS was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s and the early 1990s , when it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface ( GUI ) , in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system . MS-DOS resulted from a request in 1981 by IBM for an operating system to use in its IBM PC range of personal computers . Microsoft quickly bought the rights to 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products , and began work on modifying it to meet IBM 's specification . IBM licensed and released it in August 1981 as PC DOS 1.0 for use in their PCs . Although MS-DOS and PC DOS were initially developed in parallel by Microsoft and IBM , the two products diverged after twelve years , in 1993 , with recognizable differences in compatibility , syntax , and capabilities . During its life , several competing products were released for the x86 platform , and MS-DOS went through eight versions , until development ceased in 2000 . Initially MS-DOS was targeted at Intel 8086 processors running on computer hardware using floppy disks to store and access not only the operating system , but application software and user data as well . Progressive version releases delivered support for other mass storage media in ever greater sizes and formats , along with added feature support for newer processors and rapidly evolving computer architectures . Ultimately it was the key product in Microsoft 's growth from a programming languages company to a diverse software development firm , providing the company with essential revenue and marketing resources . It was also the underlying basic operating system on which early versions of Windows ran as a GUI . It is a flexible operating system , and consumes negligible installation space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff20ed6e8e6a206f492b9d91f23256a", "text": "Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. . , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion . Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage . The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd194a94133cde34b7fda3118379729b", "text": "William Appleton (entrepreneur) William `` Bill '' Appleton ( born May 23 , 1961 ) is an American entrepreneur and technologist best known as the programmer of the first rich media authoring tool World Builder , the multimedia programming language SuperCard , a best-selling CD-ROM Titanic : Adventure Out of Time , and DreamFactory , a cloud service platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56b0ff3f4d565eb544d7f43689e91c9", "text": "Chromeffects Microsoft announced Chromeffects as an add-on for Windows 98 to play 3D graphics and video through a web browser or in separate player software , for ads with flashing text and other animation , or to generate user interface enhancements for Web-based applications . Chromeffects promised to deliver complex multimedia over low-bandwidth connections . Using HTML , XML , C++ , VBScript , and Jscript , developers would turn a web browser into a rippling , 3D space with audio and video playback . Later versions of Chromeffects were planned to have the ability to be used for representing databases in 3D . A MacWeek article from August 1998 quoted David Card , an analyst at Jupiter Communications as saying , `` Chromeffects is cool software , and it 's not often I say Microsoft has cool software . Apple does n't have anything comparable '' . Chromeffects had problems with its business model , it was not intended to be a freely distributed technology , rather OEM PC manufacturers or other commercial entities would license the technology to provide to their customers as an IE add-on . However , despite a hard marketing push in mid-1998 , OEM interests never materialized and Microsoft canceled the project as part of a major internal reorganization in November 1998 . The different components of Chromeffects were separated and integrated into other Microsoft products , such as DirectAnimation in Internet Explorer . The Microsoft Liquid Motion technology used Chromeffects `` under the hood '' . A similar newer modern initiative by Microsoft is Silverlight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0707b7bf0af1b15992daab5b72542f1", "text": "Gordon Letwin James Gordon Letwin ( born July 2 , 1952 ) is an American software developer and one of the eleven early Microsoft who posed for an iconic staff portrait taken in Albuquerque in 1978 . Prior to joining Microsoft , he worked for Heathkit , porting Colossal Cave Adventure to the computer and working on HDOS and Benton Harbor Basic . While at Microsoft , Letwin worked on a number of projects . His first project at Microsoft was writing a BASIC compiler . He is most noted for being the lead architect of the OS/2 operating system on the Microsoft side , with Ed Iacobucci being the lead architect from IBM 's side . Letwin contributed much of the design and code for several core components , including the HPFS file system . Letwin left Microsoft in 1993 to `` kick back '' with his wife . While at Microsoft he had become a millionaire , with a 2000 TIME article estimating his worth at around $ 20 million . Since leaving Microsoft , Letwin has donated substantial amounts of money to environmental causes via the Wilburforce Foundation , a charitable foundation created by him and his wife , Rose .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dafd530a7e3244c263c36ffcae52bb6e", "text": "Cairo (operating system) Cairo was the code name for a project at Microsoft from 1991 to 1996 . Its charter was to build technologies for a next generation operating system that would fulfill Bill Gates ' vision of `` information at your fingertips . '' Cairo never shipped , although portions of its technologies have since appeared in other products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba9c05a1604bd7ae383da74295bd34cd", "text": "Bundling of Microsoft Windows Bundling of Microsoft Windows is the installation of Microsoft Windows in computers before their purchase . Microsoft encourages original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) of personal computers to include Windows licenses with their products , and agreements between Microsoft and OEMs have undergone antitrust scrutiny . Users opposed to the bundling of Microsoft Windows have sought refunds for Windows licenses , arguing that the Windows end-user license agreement entitles them to return unused Windows licenses for a cash refund . Although some customers have successfully obtained payments ( in some cases after litigation or lengthy negotiations ) , others have been less successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71692a8990011a7be6d703c1b8599355", "text": "Microsoft Azure Microsoft Azure -LSB- ˈæʒər -RSB- is a cloud computing service created by Microsoft for building , deploying , and managing applications and services through a global network of Microsoft-managed data centers . It provides software as a service , platform as a service and infrastructure as a service and supports many different programming languages , tools and frameworks , including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems . Azure was announced in October 2008 and released on February 1 , 2010 as Windows Azure , before being renamed to Microsoft Azure on March 25 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42fca029eccd2136e6232d97a556b5f0", "text": "WinFS WinFS ( short for Windows Future Storage ) was the code name for a canceled data storage and management system project based on relational databases , developed by Microsoft and first demonstrated in 2003 as an advanced storage subsystem for the Microsoft Windows operating system , designed for persistence and management of structured , semi-structured and unstructured data . WinFS includes a relational database for storage of information , and allows any type of information to be stored in it , provided there is a well defined schema for the type . Individual data items could then be related together by relationships , which are either inferred by the system based on certain attributes or explicitly stated by the user . As the data has a well defined schema , any application can reuse the data ; and using the relationships , related data can be effectively organized as well as retrieved . Because the system knows the structure and intent of the information , it can be used to make complex queries that enable advanced searching through the data and aggregating various data items by exploiting the relationships between them . While WinFS and its shared type schema make it possible for an application to recognize the different data types , the application still has to be coded to render the different data types . Consequently , it would not allow development of a single application that can view or edit all data types ; rather what WinFS enables applications to understand is the structure of all data and extract the information that it can use further . When WinFS was introduced at the 2003 Professional Developers Conference , Microsoft also released a video presentation , named IWish , showing mockup interfaces that showed how applications would expose interfaces that take advantage of a unified type system . The concepts shown in the video ranged from applications using the relationships of items to dynamically offer filtering options to applications grouping multiple related data types and rendering them in a unified presentation . WinFS was billed as one of the pillars of the `` Longhorn '' wave of technologies , and would ship as part of the next version of Windows . It was subsequently decided that WinFS would ship after the release of Windows Vista , but those plans were shelved in June 2006 , with some of its component technologies being integrated into ADO.NET and Microsoft SQL Server .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9815115862363bf098243f86ab446b19", "text": "Casio is a multinational consumer electronics and commercial electronics manufacturing company headquartered in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan . Its products include calculators , mobile phones , digital cameras , electronic musical instruments , and digital watches . It was founded in 1946 , and in 1957 released the world 's first entirely electric compact calculator . Casio was an early digital camera innovator , and during the 1980s and 1990s , the company developed numerous affordable home electronic keyboards for musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4fc45f5358f0752026587801c118de", "text": "Scott Oki Scott D. Oki ( born October 5 , 1948 in Seattle , Washington ) is a former senior vice-president of sales and marketing for Microsoft who conceived and built Microsoft 's international operations . Oki also played a crucial role in Microsoft 's rapid domestic growth during the 1980s . Born to a Japanese-American family , Oki attended the University of Washington , but left after 18 months to join the Air Force . While in the service he took courses at the University of Colorado . After he left the service in 1974 , he went on to receive a BA in accounting and information systems and earned an MBA the following year . After holding several computer-related jobs , Oki went to work for Microsoft in 1982 . Oki built Microsoft 's international operations , and within two years it was more profitable than Microsoft 's domestic operation . Bill Gates then made him Vice President of Domestic Operation , and within five years , the company 's sales rose from $ 100 million to $ 1 billion . One of Oki 's major contributions to Microsoft 's success during that time was convincing Bill Gates and the board of directors to center product development and marketing efforts on Windows instead of OS/2 . By the time he retired Oki was overseeing 3,000 employees . When Oki retired in 1992 , he reportedly cashed in stock options estimated at $ 100 million . He now runs the non-profit Oki Foundation , owns several golf courses , and serves on dozens of advisory boards and boards of directors for both for-profit and non-profit companies . Oki is the Co-Chair of the United Way of King County Campaign Board and Co-Chair of the Million Dollar Roundtable , Founder and Chairman of the Japanese American Chamber of Commerce , Founder and Co-President of the Chief Seattle Council Boy Scout Foundation , Co-Founder of Sounders For Kids , Co-Founder of America 's Foundation for Chess , Co-Founder of SeeYourImpact.org and Co-Founder of Social Venture Partners . He is a past-President of the Board of Regents for the University of Washington and a past Chair of Seattle Children 's Hospital Foundation . Scott also serves on the national boards for United Way of America , Boys & Girls Clubs of America , Japanese American National Museum , and the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team Foundation . Scott Oki is a member of the National Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America , the organization 's governing body . Oki Golf In 1994 , Scott Oki purchased The Golf Club at Echo Falls in Snohomish , Washington . This initial acquisition was the preliminary step toward building what eventually became a unique portfolio of golf properties known collectively as Oki Golf . This collection has grown to include nine properties comprising eleven championship golf courses , both public and private , spread throughout the Puget Sound . In addition to The Golf Club at Echo Falls , the Oki Golf portfolio also includes Indian Summer Golf & Country Club in Olympia , Washington ( private ) , The Plateau Club in Sammamish , Washington ( private ) , and The Woodlands and The Links courses ( formerly Meriwood and Vicwood -- both public ) at The Golf Club at Hawks Prairie in Lacey , Washington . The flagship courses in Oki Golf 's celebrated collection are located at The Golf Club at Newcastle in Newcastle , WA . Two additional golf properties were added to the group in December 2005 . Washington National Golf Club ( public ) in Auburn , WA , and Trophy Lake Golf & Casting ( public ) in Port Orchard , WA . ( source : okigolf.com ) In the winter of 2007 , Oki Golf added Harbour Pointe ( public ) in Mukilteo , Washington . An additional property - Trilogy Golf Course ( public ) - was purchased in 2008 and has since been renamed to The Golf Club at Redmond Ridge . During October , 2016 , Oki sold eight of his golf courses for $ 137 million dollars to Chinese based HNA Holdings . Ownership of commercial real property by foreign businesses is prohibited in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe82020c4ba3002d9a3c847262264d5a", "text": "Jim Knopf Jim Knopf , nicknamed Jim Button ( `` Knopf '' meaning `` button '' in German ) ( October 20 , 1942 -- October 1 , 2013 ) , is considered by many to be one of the `` fathers '' of shareware ( so named by fellow software veteran Peter Norton ) . As an IBM employee , he wrote a program to help with a local church congregation . When demand for his program consumed too much of his time , he quit IBM and created Buttonware . He released his first program , PC-File ( a flat file database ) , in late 1982 as `` user supported software '' . He has been quoted as saying this expression not only reflected the optional payment model , but also that comments from users drove the development of later releases . He collaborated with PC-Talk ( communications software ) developer Andrew Fluegelman to adopt similar names ( PC-File was originally `` Easy-File '' ) , and prices , for their initial shareware offerings ; they also agreed to mention each other 's products in their program 's documentation . Fluegelman referred to this distribution method as `` freeware '' . A few months later ( early 1983 ) , Bob Wallace followed suit , coining the term `` shareware '' for his similarly marketed product , PC-Write , a word processor . , of the three founders of shareware , Knopf was the only one still alive , despite having a near-death experience in 1992 , when his heart stopped beating briefly while experiencing a heart attack . Shortly thereafter , he sold all his business assets and retired to the Pacific Northwest . He died on October 1 , 2013 , after suffering for several years from heart disease and Crohn 's disease .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "198d5b7b514594a694637abb21b8149c", "text": "Mark Malamud Mark Malamud ( born 1960 ) is the Principal and Manager of Busymonster LLC , a consultancy company focused on advanced user interface and design . During his 10-year tenure at Microsoft , Mr. Malamud became the company 's first User Interface Architect , leading design teams in the Advanced Windows , Consumer , Systems , and Research groups . In addition to designing the fundamental conceptual , user , and interaction models for Windows 95 and future versions of Windows NT , Mr. Malamud also pursued future user interface abstractions . Some of his work involved creating psychosocial models of users to improve the interaction between people and machines . Mr. Malamud produced Bill Gates ' groundbreaking demo , `` Information at Your Fingertips , '' which was shown at Fall Comdex in 1990 . Before joining Microsoft , Mr. Malamud contributed his expertise to a variety of trade magazines and educational publications . He has created several award-winning educational adventure games for Scholastic Books , and he has worked on various multimedia projects , including Nam June Paik 's `` Good Morning , Mr. Orwell '' for WNET in New York . Mr. Malamud studied at Brown University where he received his A.B. in psychology . He holds over 200 major patents in the area of user interface and has been named as an inventor on over 600 US patents and numerous patents pending . Mark Malamud has participated in several Intellectual Ventures ' invention sessions relating to user interface , human-technology interaction , information processing , and health informatics . He is on the List of prolific inventors with over 200 patents , and in 2012 he was the 8th most-prolific inventor of US patents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fcef6c9370619820948bc7eed17cebb", "text": "Glenn Henry (IT entrepreneur) Glenn Henry ( né Gaylord Glenn Henry ; born July 26 , 1942 Berkeley , California ) , is an American computer industry executive , cofounder of Centaur Technology , and inventor of computer technology at the advent and frontier era of the development of personal computers . He holds multiple patents .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0d61e4cb96a192a60d8a2f53e64acb26", "text": "Chris Evans (actor) Christopher Robert Evans ( born June 13 , 1981 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . Evans is known for his superhero roles as the Marvel Comics characters Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and the Human Torch in Fantastic Four and its 2007 sequel . He began his career on the 2000 television series Opposite Sex , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Not Another Teen Movie , Sunshine , Scott Pilgrim vs. the World , Snowpiercer and Gifted . In 2014 , Evans made his directorial debut with the drama film Before We Go , in which he also starred .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0db5e98be904d9a2f169d3f5ea8d1c37", "text": "Christopher McDonald Christopher McDonald is an American actor . He is known for his roles as Darryl Dickinson in Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) , Shooter McGavin in Happy Gilmore ( 1996 ) , Ward Cleaver in the film adaptation of Leave It to Beaver ( 1997 ) , Kent Mansley in The Iron Giant ( 1999 ) , Tappy Tibbons in Requiem for a Dream ( 2000 ) , and Mel Allen in the HBO film 61 * ( 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08e77439b180eb4cad7745ed8c4d639f", "text": "Now Is Good Now Is Good is a 2012 British teen drama film directed by Ol Parker . Based on the 2007 novel Before I Die by Jenny Downham , it was adapted by Parker who had recently written the screenplay for The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel . The film , which stars Dakota Fanning , Jeremy Irvine and Paddy Considine , centres on Tessa , a girl who is dying of leukaemia and tries to enjoy her remaining life as much as she possibly can . The first trailer for the film was released on 5 March 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0d4c8e6e01a30f6d63819d8886a1380", "text": "Nils Olaf Chrisander Nils Olaf Chrisander ( 14 February 1884 -- 5 June 1947 ) was a Swedish actor and film director in the early part of the twentieth century . Born Waldemar Olaf Chrisander in Stockholm , Sweden , Chrisander 's first screen appearances as an actor were in German and Swedish silent films in the mid-1910s . His first motion picture role was in the 1915 Carl Schönfeld-directed German silent film drama Um ein Weib . As an actor , Chrisander is possibly best recalled for starring as `` Erik the Phantom '' in the now lost 1916 Ernst Matray-directed German adaptation Das Phantom der Oper , based on Gaston Leroux 's novel The Phantom of the Opera opposite Norwegian actress Aud Egede-Nissen . Matray 's version is the first film adaptation of Leroux 's 1909-1910 serialized novel . In 1917 , he appeared opposite the popular Polish film actress Pola Negri in her first role in a German production , Nicht lange täuschte mich das Glück . In 1919 , he co-directed the German silent film Alraune und der Golem with actor and director Paul Wegener . After performing in a film serial for director Karl Gerhardt opposite actress Lil Dagover from 1920 to 1921 , Chrisander began his career in Germany as a director . In total , he directed three films in Germany , before relocating to the United States where he directed two dramatic films : 1927 's Fighting Love , starring Jetta Goudal , Victor Varconi and Henry B. Walthall for Cecil B. DeMille Pictures , and that same year , The Heart Thief , starring Joseph Schildkraut and Lya De Putti . By 1930 , he was living at S. Gramercy Place in Los Angeles , California . He died in 1947 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12cc40c78f7eb7a6a31d674779a00352", "text": "Gareth Jones (actor) Gareth Jones ( 6 June 1925 -- 30 November 1958 ) was a British actor , born in Lampeter , Wales , chiefly remembered for the circumstances of his death . During a live television broadcast of the Armchair Theatre play Underground on the ITV network in the UK on 30 November 1958 , Jones suffered a massive heart attack and died while off-camera between two of his scenes . Some contemporary news reports stated that he had suffered the heart attack while on camera , although most references claim that he was stricken while in a make-up chair , between scenes . However , actor Peter Bowles , also in the cast , recalled that `` During transmission , a little group of us was talking on camera while awaiting the arrival of Gareth Jones 's character , who had some information for us . We could see him coming up towards us , but we saw him fall . We had no idea what had happened , but he certainly was n't coming our way '' . Director Ted Kotcheff and the remaining cast were forced to improvise to carry the play to its conclusion , with producer Sydney Newman ordering Kotcheff to `` shoot it like a football match '' . Coincidentally , Jones 's character was to have suffered a heart attack during the play . Jones had appeared in three other Armchair Theatre plays in 1958 - `` Noon On Doomsday '' ( 6 July 1958 ) , `` Trial By Candlelight '' ( 22 June 1958 ) , and `` Miss Olive '' ( 6 April 1958 ) . Other TV appearances included the ITV Television Playhouse production of `` Thunder On Sycamore Street '' ( 11 October 1957 ) , the BBC Television adaptation of Under Milk Wood ( 9 May 1957 ) , the BBC series `` Onion Boys '' ( 1957 ) , and `` A Tale Of Two Cities '' ( 1957 ) . He earlier appeared in Dundee Repertory Theatre plays including `` Petticoat Influence '' ( 1952 ) , The Beaver Coat ( 1952 ) , `` The Hollow Crown '' ( 1952 ) , `` The Queen 's Husband '' ( 1952 ) , `` Young Madame Conti '' ( 1952 ) , and The Lark ( 1955 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d761992b481d6b3eeb1db6a7da2f0e0b", "text": "Christopher St. John Christopher St. John , sometimes credited as Chris St. John , is an African-American film and television actor . He is also a film producer , film director and screenwriter and played a minor role in the television series Remington Steele .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0708f2a47cb698fda346226dcacb7bf5", "text": "Chris Cwej Christopher Rodonanté Cwej , usually just known as Chris Cwej , is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who . His surname should technically be pronounced `` Shvay '' , but he pronounces it `` Kwedge '' rather than keep correcting people . His first appearance was in the novel Original Sin by Andy Lane , with his adjudicator partner Roz Forrester . Adjudicators are the police force of 30th century Earth , which was at that time divided into the Overcity and the Undercity . Chris was born in 2954 to a family who lived in the lower levels of the Overcity . Chris 's father , Volsted Kornbluth Cwej , was also an adjudicator . Chris 's father was fairly old when Chris was born , having retired from the Adjudicators the previous year , 2953 , after 48 years of service , and he is well over 70 years old when the young Chris meets the Doctor . Chris 's grandfather died when Chris was only five , and Chris cried when he saw his grandfather being put into a coffin . A more distant ancestor , possibly a great grandfather was Nathaniel Cwej . Even further back , there was a Cwej involved with the founding of the Adjudicators , and the family have had a long association with the Adjudicators ever since . Chris 's accent sounds American , although his home would once have been considered a part of England , and his surname may have a Germanic/Saxon derivation . Chris is tall , blonde and muscular , and when he first met the Seventh Doctor and Bernice , he had had a `` body bepple '' ( bodily alteration ) which made him look like a teddy bear . He and Roz were investigating a murder case in Undercity in the year 2975 when they encountered the Doctor and Bernice . They helped the Doctor defeat his old enemy Tobias Vaughn , who had been manipulating human advancement since the 20th century . Having realise the extent of corruption in the Earth Empire and the Adjudicators , Chris and Roz chose to leave in the TARDIS . Chris and Roz travelled with the Doctor for many adventures . In this eventful period , Chris fathered two daughters : Jasmine Surprise Cwej-Hutchings with Ishtar Hutchings , and iKrissi with Dep of the People . After Roz 's death in battle , Chris continued to travel with the Doctor for a short time , but the event had a profound effect on him . During the events of Eternity Weeps , the Doctor 's former companion Liz Shaw contracted a deadly virus and begged Chris to kill her , however he was unable to do it . This and the subsequent death of millions of people from the virus caused Chris to question himself and first consider quitting the TARDIS . It took the apparent death of the Doctor in Japan to make him put aside his doubts and help protect the people of the local village from the local warlord , who wanted an alien device in their possession . The Doctor and Chris then travelled to the Doctor 's home planet of Gallifrey , where the Doctor faced members of his House and many dark secrets were revealed . After this , Chris decided to travel alone using a time ring given to him by Romana . The book which depicts Chris 's sexual encounter with a gay man , Damaged Goods , was written by future executive producer of the series Russell T Davies , whose works often include gay themes . Much like Davies ' later introduction to the series proper , Jack Harkness , Cwej opines that sexuality is not an issue where he comes from .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dec4132245c92b721bc549fb8076c7", "text": "Freeze Frame (2004 film) Freeze Frame is a British-American psychological thriller-mystery film written and directed by John Simpson , and starring comedian Lee Evans in the lead role . The film follows the story of Sean Veil played by Evans who eventually becomes paranoid after being accused of triple murder and films his every moment of life to provide an alibi . The film was rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7", "text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adbf5450ca5841dbf594d88bc963a680", "text": "George Ogilvie George Buchan Ogilvie , born in Goulburn , New South Wales on 5 March 1931 , is a prolific Australian theatre director and actor , who has also worked as director and actor within film and television . George Ogilvie began as an actor at the Canberra Rep Theatre , and eventually moved to the United Kingdom where he trained , taught and acted . In 1965 , he returned to Australia to take up the position of associate director with the Melbourne Theatre Company , where he stayed for six years . He then worked as artistic director at the South Australian Theatre Company for four years , followed by 12 years as part of the subsidised theatre network . In 1988 he became a freelance director , working with the Australian Opera , the Australian Ballet Company and various theatre companies . His television credits include the 1983 miniseries The Dismissal ( where he played the Labor Senator Jim McClelland ) , the miniseries Bodyline ( 1984 ) ( where he was one of the writers and also directed three of the seven episodes ) , and direction of the TV films The Shiralee ( 1987 ) , Touch the Sun : Princess Kate ( 1988 ) , The Battlers ( 1994 ) , two episodes of the miniseries The Feds ( 1994 ) , and 11 episodes of the long-running police series Blue Heelers between 2002 and 2006 . His film credits include Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome ( 1985 ) , which he directed together with George Miller , Short Changed ( 1985 ) , the much awarded The Place at the Coast ( 1987 ) , and The Crossing ( 1990 ) , where Russell Crowe was first seen on the screen . George Ogilvie regularly teaches and directs at NIDA and Actors Centre Australia . In 1983 he was made an AM ( Member of the Order of Australia ) in the 1983 Queen 's Birthday Honours List for his services to the theatre and the performing arts . In 2006 , the Australian performing arts association Currency House published his autobiography : Simple Gifts - a life in the theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef263104a2da7fbc3345634fa4ead7b7", "text": "Sins of our Youth Sins of our Youth is a thriller/drama released in 2016 starring Lucas Till , Joel Courtney , and Mitchel Musso . `` Sins of Our Youth '' is a cautionary tale that highlights a new generation in the United States that is desensitized by an oversaturation of violence in the mainstream media and who have ready access to firearms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cc9b93bf5da971018e302863673d6ab", "text": "Christopher Neame Christopher Neame ( born 12 September 1947 , London ) is an English actor now moved to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1663a1e0b74e853a51ca19309072c798", "text": "The Last Day of August The Last Day of August is a 2012 American film drama about four friends recovering from the physical and psychological damage of a car accident . An independent feature film , it was directed by Craig DiFolco with a screenplay written by DiFolco and Sara Rempe . It was the debut film of the writers and the director . Its running time is 75 minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec544881f97add4bc28563b11e130650", "text": "Blackway Blackway ( also known as Go With Me ) is a 2015 American thriller film directed by Daniel Alfredson and written by Joseph Gangemi and Gregory Jacobs , based on the 2008 novel Go with Me by Castle Freeman , Jr. . The film stars Anthony Hopkins , Julia Stiles , Ray Liotta , and Alexander Ludwig . Filming began on November 12 , 2014 , in Enderby , British Columbia . Although screened as Go with Me at the Venice Film Festival in 2015 , it was not released for public viewing in the U.S. until 10 June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48505a4e30aed3797b5ff44c81bdc4ed", "text": "Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f4c635f93073af0f0dfe8f232a629ef", "text": "Chris Piechocki Kristof ( Chris ) Piechocki , born on 14 August 1979 in Gdańsk , Poland , is an Australian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9658272ae0ec739ef9cccd2320aaf163", "text": "Jeff Lieberman Jeff Lieberman ( born 1947 ) is an American film director and screenwriter , perhaps best known for his cult horror and thriller films , namely Squirm , Blue Sunshine , and Just Before Dawn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c97671934568b1faca59c3f59dc5ced", "text": "I've Been in Love Before (song) `` I 've Been in Love Before '' is a song by English rock band Cutting Crew . Written by lead singer Nick Van Eede , it was released as the second single from the band 's debut album , Broadcast ( 1986 ) . It reached No. 9 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , making the song their second biggest hit in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ef99af5c43b02f066eee6ed1bd7173a", "text": "Mike Evans (journalist) Michael David Evans ( born June 30 , 1947 ) is an author , journalist , commentator and the head of several international non-profit organizations in the U.S. and Netherlands . Evans is also a Christian Zionist . Evans has written 42 books and has provided analysis and commentary on Middle East affairs for a variety of media . He has appeared on network television and radio shows . His op-eds have been published in The Washington Times , The Jerusalem Post and others . He founded and serves as head of a number of politically conservative Christian organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eb02b306221bd80b0ac0cb949e5d9d", "text": "Christopher Evans (outlaw) Christopher `` Chris '' Evans ( February 19 , 1847 -- February 9 , 1917 ) , a native of Bells Corners near Ottawa , Canada , was an American farmer and teamster turned outlaw . Evans was accused of robbing the Southern Pacific Railroad in California between 1889 and 1892 . After killing a member of a posse outside his home on the outskirts of Visalia , he fled to the Sierra Nevada mountains with his younger partner , John Sontag . While Evans and Sontag hid out , writers Ambrose Bierce and Joaquin Miller championed their cause in the San Francisco Examiner . The outlaws evaded capture for ten months . They had a shootout with a posse at the Young cabin which resulted in the death of Wilson , the posse leader , and McGinnis , a former friend of Chris Evans . Later , John Sontag was mortally wounded in what is called the Battle of Stone Corral . Evans was himself severely wounded at Stone Corral , having lost an eye and his left arm . He was taken into custody and convicted of murder and sentenced to life in Folsom State Prison in Folsom , California . John Sontag 's younger brother , George Contant , testified against Evans and hence acquired the lifelong hatred of Evans ' family . After Evans served for seventeen years at Folsom , he was paroled in 1911 by Governor Hiram Johnson , a liberal Republican , who had been elected on an anti-Southern Pacific campaign theme . Banished from California , he died in Portland , Oregon , in 1917 , denying to the end that he had ever robbed a train and continuing to assert that he had killed only in self-defense . He also wrote a socialist book which calls for expanded government to check what he viewed as the abuses of the business community . Evans is interred in Portland at Mount Calvary Cemetery . An accomplice to the Evans-Sontag Gang was Ed Morrell , who served fourteen years total in Folsom and San Quentin . Championed by author Jack London , Morrell was pardoned in 1908 and thereafter became a well-known advocate for prison reform . Morris Ankrum and John Smith portrayed Evans and Sontag , respectively , in an episode of the 1955 syndicated television series Stories of the Century , starring and hosted by Jim Davis . Jimmie Dodd of The Mickey Mouse Club appears as a deputy in this episode .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b5e90e75c2574317f97307b4524b28b9", "text": "University of Oxford The University of Oxford ( informally Oxford University or simply Oxford ) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford , England . It has no known date of foundation , but there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096 , making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world 's second-oldest university in continuous operation . It is one of the world 's most prestigious universities . It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris . After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209 , some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge . The two `` ancient universities '' are frequently jointly referred to as `` Oxbridge '' . The university is made up of a variety of institutions , including 38 constituent colleges and a full range of academic departments which are organised into four divisions . All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university , each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities . Being a city university , it does not have a main campus ; instead , its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre . Most undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly tutorials at the colleges and halls , supported by classes , lectures and laboratory work provided by university faculties and departments . Oxford is the home of the Rhodes Scholarship , one of the world 's oldest and most prestigious scholarships , which has brought graduate students to study at the university for more than a century . The university operates the world 's oldest university museum , as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system in Britain . Oxford has educated many notable alumni , including 28 Nobel laureates , 27 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom , and many heads of state and government around the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f25ebf4bd31d99d7d58889ba497efdd1", "text": "Edmund Castell Edmund Castell ( 1606 -- 1686 ) was an English orientalist . He was born at Tadlow , in Cambridgeshire . At the age of fifteen he entered Emmanuel College , Cambridge , gaining his BA in 1624-5 and his MA in 1628 . Appointed Professor of Arabic in 1666 , with the full title ` Sir Thomas Adams Professor of Arabic ' . He moved to St John 's in 1671 , because of the valuable library there . His great work , the Lexicon Heptaglotton Hebraicum , Chaldaicum , Syriacum , Samaritanum , Aethiopicum , Arabicum , et Persicum ( 1669 ) , took him eighteen years to complete , working ( according to his own account ) from sixteen to eighteen hours a day . He employed fourteen assistants on the project , and spent # 12,000 , ruining himself in the process as there was little demand for his finished lexicon . By 1667 , he found himself in prison because he was unable to discharge his brother 's debts , for which he had made himself liable . However , a volume of poems dedicated to the king brought him preferment . He was made prebendary of Canterbury Cathedral and professor of Arabic at Cambridge . Before undertaking the Lexicon Heptaglotton , Castell had helped Dr Brian Walton in the preparation of his Polyglott Bible . He died at Higham Gobion , Bedfordshire , where he was rector , and bequeathed his manuscripts to the University of Cambridge . The Syriac section of the Lexicon was issued separately at Göttingen in 1788 by J.D. Michaelis , who made a tribute to Castell 's learning and industry . Trier published the Hebrew section in 1790 -- 1792 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67762934cd0c4117c369d1053d737d17", "text": "Oxford Philosophical Club The Oxford Philosophical Club refers to a group of natural philosophers , mathematicians , physicians , virtuosi and dilettanti gathering around John Wilkins FRS ( 1614 -- 1672 ) at Oxford in the period 1649 to 1660 . It is documented in particular by John Aubrey : he refers to it as an `` experimental philosophical club '' run weekly by Wilkins , who successfully bridged the political divide of the times . There is surviving evidence that the Club was formally constituted , and undertook some projects in Oxford libraries . Its historical importance is that members formed one of the major groups that came together in the early 1660s to form the Royal Society of London . Wilkins was Warden of Wadham College , and the circle around him is also known as the Wadham Group , though it was not restricted to members of the College . It included William Petty , Jonathan Goddard and John Wallis from the 1645 group in London . The term Oxford Philosophical Society may refer to this club , or at least two later societies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34aa2c500432cd71d2b1be26a47427b4", "text": "Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church ( Ædes Christi , the temple or house , aedes , of Christ , and thus sometimes known as `` The House '' ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . The college is associated with Christ Church Cathedral , Oxford , which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the college head . It is the second wealthiest Oxford college by financial endowment ( after St John 's ) with an endowment of # 436m . Christ Church has produced thirteen British prime ministers , more than any other Oxbridge college . The college was the setting for parts of Evelyn Waugh 's Brideshead Revisited , as well as a small part of Lewis Carroll 's Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland . More recently it has been used in the filming of the movies of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series and also the film adaptation of Philip Pullman 's novel Northern Lights ( the film bearing the title of the American edition of the book , The Golden Compass ) . Distinctive features of the college 's architecture have been used as models by a number of other academic institutions , including the National University of Ireland , Galway , which reproduces Tom Quad . The University of Chicago and Cornell University both have reproductions of Christ Church 's dining hall ( in the forms of Hutchinson Hall and the dining hall of Risley Residential College , respectively ) . ChristChurch Cathedral in New Zealand , after which the City of Christchurch is named , is itself named after Christ Church , Oxford . Stained glass windows in the cathedral and other buildings are by the Pre-Raphaelite William Morris group with designs by Edward Burne-Jones . Christ Church is also partly responsible for the creation of University College Reading , which later gained its own Royal Charter and became the University of Reading . The first female undergraduates matriculated at Christ Church in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b546c4ce5249841392a06ecfcf9b4b59", "text": "Siege of Oxford The Siege of Oxford refers to the English Civil War military campaigns waged to besiege the Royalist controlled city of Oxford , involving three short engagements over twenty-five months , which ended with a Parliamentarian victory in June 1646 . The first engagement was in May 1644 , during which King Charles I escaped , thus preventing a formal siege . The second , in May 1645 , had barely started when Sir Thomas Fairfax was given orders to stop and pursue the King to Naseby instead . The last siege began in May 1646 and was a formal siege of some three months ; but the war was obviously over and negotiation , rather than fighting , took precedence . Being careful not to inflict too much damage on the city , Fairfax even sent in food to the King 's second son , James , and was happy to conclude the siege with an honourable agreement before any further escalation occurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "297fb6b27af654b640a340070d39f299", "text": "Lawrence Brockett Lawrence Brockett ( 13 August 1724 -- 12 July 1768 ) was an English academic . The youngest of five sons born to Lawrence Brockett and Anne Clarke , Lawrence inherited from his parents Headlam Hall , a country house near Gainford , County Durham . The house was originally built by Henry Birkbeck , Lawrence 's maternal great great grandfather . Brockett matriculated at Trinity College , Cambridge in 1743 from Scorton Grammar School , graduating BA in 1747 and becoming a fellow of Trinity in 1749 . Brockett was tutor to James Lowther ( 1736 -- 1802 ) , 1st Earl of Lonsdale . Lowther later married the daughter of John Stuart , 3rd Earl of Bute . Stuart had been tutor to King George III , and was from May 1762 to April 1763 his first appointment as prime minister . On the death of Shallet Turner in 1762 , the King preferred Brockett over Thomas Gray for the post of Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge University , a sinecure . Gray succeeded Brockett in this position after the latter 's death . Brockett died on 12 July 1768 after a riding accident while returning from Hinchingbrooke , near Huntingdon , to Cambridge . He was buried according to tradition at Gainford by torchlight , probably the church 's last nocturnal burial . An ancient foliated cross in the porch of Gainford church , Co. . Durham , is superinscribed as memorial to Lawrence Brockett , MA , BD of Trinity College , Cambridge . `` Professor Brockett was the last person who was buried , according to the custom of the family , by night and with torchlight . There are several persons now living who retain a vivid recollection of the awful solemnity of the scene as the procession moved slowly on with its line of torches down the long and shady lane from Headlam to the last resting-place of the dead . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d1f73dba0dd977c05d25a8a0ea9d24", "text": "Buildings of Jesus College, Oxford The main buildings of Jesus College , one of the colleges of the University of Oxford , are located in the centre of the city of Oxford , England , between Turl Street , Ship Street , Cornmarket Street , and Market Street . Jesus College was founded in 1571 by Elizabeth I upon the petition of a Welsh clergyman , Hugh Price , who was treasurer of St David 's Cathedral . Her foundation charter gave to the college the land and buildings of White Hall , a university hall that had experienced a decline in student numbers . Price added new buildings to those of White Hall , and construction work continued after his death in 1574 . The first of the college 's quadrangles , which includes the hall , chapel , and principal 's lodgings was completed between 1621 and 1630 . Construction of the second quadrangle began in the 1630s , but was interrupted by the English Civil War and was not completed until about 1712 . Further buildings were erected in a third quadrangle during the 20th century , including science laboratories ( now closed ) , a library for undergraduates , and additional accommodation for students and fellows . In addition to the main site , the college owns flats in east and north Oxford , and a sports ground . The chapel , which was dedicated in 1621 and extended in 1636 , was extensively altered in 1864 under the supervision of the architect George Edmund Street . The alterations have had their supporters and their critics ; one historian of the college ( Ernest Hardy , principal from 1921 to 1925 ) described the work as `` ill-considered '' . The hall 's original hammerbeam roof was hidden by a plaster ceiling in 1741 when rooms were installed in the roofspace . The principal 's lodgings , the last part of the first quadrangle to be constructed , contain wooden panelling from the early 17th century . The Fellows ' Library in the second quadrangle dates from 1679 and contains 11,000 antiquarian books ; it was restored at a cost of # 700,000 in 2007 . A new Junior Common Room , about twice the size of its predecessor , was completed in the third quadrangle in 2002 . Further student and teaching rooms were added in Ship Street , opposite the college , in 2010 . Eleven parts of the college are listed buildings , including all four sides of the first and second quadrangles . Nine parts , including the chapel , hall , and principal 's lodgings , have the highest Grade I designation , given to buildings of exceptional interest . Two other parts ( an external wall and an early 20th-century addition in the third quadrangle ) have a Grade II designation , given to buildings of national importance and special interest . The architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner described the first quadrangle as `` small and pretty '' , and said that the reredos behind the chapel altar was `` heavily gorgeous '' ; he was , however , critical of the Old Members ' Building in the third quadrangle , opened in 1971 , describing it as a `` mannered and modish design '' . The historian John Julius Norwich said that the first quadrangle had `` a curious charm '' , while the second quadrangle had `` a strong feeling of unity owing to the somewhat relentless succession of ogival gables '' . The poet Sir John Betjeman said that the clear planning of the first and second quadrangles , coupled with the relationship of their size to the heights of the buildings around them , `` make what would be undistinguished buildings judged on their detail , into something distinguished '' . However , he regarded the early 20th-century additions in the third quadrangle as `` dull '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f0fb7714310462a55d81e609df3cfc1", "text": "Old Schools The Old Schools are part of the University of Cambridge , in the centre of Cambridge , England . The Old Schools house the Cambridge University Offices , which form the main administration for the University . Within the Old Schools are West Court and Cobble Court . The building is Grade I listed . It is two storeys high with ashlar facing and a parapet above . The Old Schools building is located at the end of Trinity Lane and is surrounded by other historic University and College buildings . To the north is Gonville and Caius College . To the east is the University of Cambridge Senate House where degree ceremonies are held , on King 's Parade . To the south , the scene is dominated by the large King 's College Chapel . To the west are Trinity Hall and Clare College . The Old Schools Site covers the Old Schools , the Senate House , and Great St Mary 's , the University Church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b931133b7277870a2647f3a5aedf320", "text": "Michaelhouse, Cambridge Michaelhouse is the name of one of the former colleges of the University of Cambridge , that existed between 1323 and 1546 , when it was merged with King 's Hall to form Trinity College . Michaelhouse was the second residential college to be founded , after Peterhouse ( 1284 ) . Though King 's Hall was established earlier in 1317 , it did not acquire actual premises until its re-foundation by Edward III in 1336 . The name Michaelhouse is now used for St Michael 's Church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63e220988e131b3fa5b2c24bc88a926b", "text": "Worcester College, Oxford Worcester College -LSB- ˈwʊstər -RSB- is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes , a Worcestershire baronet , with the college gaining its name from the county of Worcestershire . Its predecessor , Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 . , Worcester had a financial endowment of # 16.7 million . Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , actress Emma Watson and novelist Richard Adams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "988195594b68d0fe15d523b21f8a9a49", "text": "Oxbridge Oxbridge is a portmanteau ( composite word ) of `` Oxford '' and `` Cambridge '' , both elite universities in the United Kingdom . The term is used to refer to them collectively , both in contrast to other British universities and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of University of Oxford and University of Cambridge , often with implications of superior social or intellectual status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c2ad3de9ed15c052b3f55655c3ab50e", "text": "Kings Manor Community College Kings Manor Community College ( formerly Kings Manor School ) was a secondary school located in Shoreham-by-Sea , West Sussex . A specialist status state school , Kings Manor closed and reopened as an Academy named Shoreham Academy , with funding from the central government , in September 2009 . Kings Manor School was formed in 1970 by the merger of King 's Manor Girls school in Kingston Lane which had opened in 1959 , with Shoreham and Southwick Senior Boys County school in Middle Road which had opened in 1937 . Initially , the school operated on both sites , but later all facilities were transferred to the Kingston Lane site . The school took in students from years seven through eleven and had an adjoined sixth form college , the student population of which was derived primarily from the main school . The wide catchment area of the school resulted in pupils being taken from diverse social-economic backgrounds . For ease of administration , each year group was divided into ten bands , assigned the letter K or M and a number from 1-5 ( e.g. 9K5 or 10M3 ) . However , beyond this , there was little resemblance to a traditional house system . With regards to uniforms , year seven , eight , and nine pupils wore dark blue shirts while those in years ten and eleven wore pale blue . Local newspaper The Argus commented upon the irony of the school 's first pupil to go onto the University of Oxford in the same year that Secretary of State for Children , Schools and Families Ed Balls threatened the school with closure . This was , however , incorrect , as the government economist Paul Johnson had gone on from the school to Oxford in the mid 1980s . The Education Secretary noted King 's Manor as one of 11 schools in the Sussex area which qualified as `` failing schools '' because less than 30 % of students manage to achieve A-C grades at General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE ) . In 2007 , 23 % of pupils attained five or more GCSEs at Grade C or above including English and Maths , which was roughly half the national average of 46.7 % ; only 11 % of pupils got an A * - C pass in GCSE Science .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4500c1f0287bf28bc560859bc52fdfa2", "text": "University A university ( universitas , `` a whole '' , `` a corporation '' ) is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education . The word `` university '' is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means `` community of teachers and scholars . '' Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc6595951cca3e9542a436454ae35ffa", "text": "Christ Church Meadow, Oxford Christ Church Meadow is a well-known flood-meadow , and popular walking and picnic spot in Oxford , England . Roughly triangular in shape it is bounded by the River Thames ( the stretch through Oxford being known as `` The Isis '' ) , the River Cherwell , and Christ Church . The meadow provides access to many of the college boat houses which are on an island at the confluence of the two rivers . The lower sections of the meadow , close to the Thames , are grazed by cattle , while the upper sections have sports fields . Broad Walk is at the northern edge with Merton Field to the north and Merton College , dominated by the tower of Merton College Chapel , beyond that . Christ Church Meadow is owned by Christ Church , and is thus the private property of the college , however access is allowed during the day . Access starts very early to allow rowers to go to the boathouses . Eights Week and Torpids , Oxford University 's two main rowing events , and Christ Church Regatta are held on the Thames here . In past times , ornamental wooden barges were moored on the river here to store boats and house spectators . However these have all now been replaced by boathouses . The meadow can be accessed from St Aldate 's to the northwest via Broad Walk through the Christ Church War Memorial Garden , from the north in Merton Street via Grove Walk and Merton Walk , and from the eastern end of the High Street via Rose Lane near the Oxford Botanic Garden to the northeast . There is also lesser used access from near the Head of the River public house by Folly Bridge on the River Thames to the southwest , connecting to Poplar Walk ( created by Henry Liddell in 1872 ) and the path by the river . All entrances are via railinged gates that are locked at night . James Sadler made the first ascent in a balloon by an Englishman from the Meadow on 4 October 1784 . The balloon rose to a height of around 3,600 feet and landed six miles away near the village of Wood Eaton near Islip to the north-east of Oxford . A plaque notes the event . The Meadow was also the location where the medieval royal pretender , John Deydras , claimed to have been persuaded by the devil to impersonate Edward II in 1318 . Postwar development planned for central Oxford included a relief road passing through the meadow and joining the district of St Ebbe 's . The proposal was defeated after vigorous opposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2a20a64e67fbb9be4fac40cd2e42939", "text": "University House, University of Birmingham Originally a hall of residence at the University of Birmingham , University House became the home for the university 's business school in 2004 after having been extensively refurbished and extended to provide teaching and research facilities . It is located in grounds in the conservation area of Edgbaston , Birmingham . The name ` University House ' was originally given to a building on Hagley Road in 1908 . The present building was constructed in 1912 as a residence for female students at the university . In 1964 , the hall became one of the UK 's first mixed-sex university residences . It remained so until its closure as a residence in July 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8312fb41084e21269d0bd61d2de522e3", "text": "Oxford–Cambridge rivalry Rivalry between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is a phenomenon going back many centuries . During most of that time , they were the only two universities in England and Wales , making the rivalry more intense than it is now . The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge , sometimes collectively known as Oxbridge , are the two oldest universities in the United Kingdom . Both were founded more than 800 years ago , and between them they have produced a large number of Britain 's most prominent scientists , writers and politicians , as well as noted figures in many other fields . Competition between Oxford and Cambridge also has a long history , dating back to around 1208 when Cambridge was founded by scholars taking refuge from hostile townsmen in Oxford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0bb77b03018b4b73bc16d249d81e0b", "text": "Universities Act 1825 The Universities Act 1825 ( Ch 97 6 Geo 4 , long name An Act for the better Preservation of the Peace and good Order in the Universities of England ) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which provides for officers of police constable status within Cambridge and Oxford Universities . Sections 3 and 4 have been repealed . In 2003 the University of Oxford closed its police force to avoid the complexity and costs of complying with new standards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "777900deb8aa7e19c7e8d1d3780d20bd", "text": "West Road, Cambridge West Road is located in western Cambridge , England . It links Grange Road to the west with Queen 's Road to the east . The road is north of Sidgwick Avenue and the Sidgwick Site , a major site of the University of Cambridge , currently under redevelopment . Facilities on West Road include the Cambridge University Faculty of Law , the Faculty of Music , and the West Road Concert Hall . To the north of West Road are King 's College School , associated with King 's College , and the Cambridge University Library . There are also tennis courts here . There are a number of University of Cambridge college buildings off West Road : Harvey Court , Gonville and Caius College Garden Hostel , King 's College St Chad 's , St Catharine 's College", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02e5fee5891f3a0dc62441138bed49f", "text": "London Institution The London Institution was an educational institution founded in London in 1806 ( not to be confused with the British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom founded the previous year , with which it shared some founders ) . It preceded the University of London in making scientific education widely available in the capital to people such as the Dissenters who adhered to non-orthodox religious beliefs and were consequently barred from attending Oxford University or Cambridge University . The Institution moved into premises at Finsbury Circus in 1815 and was particularly noted for the teaching of chemistry . It closed in 1912 and the buildings were used for the University of London until their demolition in 1936 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "626a61aa7e54d6962e632f702ccee820", "text": "Witton Isolation Hospital Witton Isolation Hospital was a facility for the treatment and quarantine of smallpox victims and their contacts in Birmingham , England . Built around 1900 , it was initially in a semi-rural district but by the 1930s the site was surrounded by the newly built Kingstanding and Perry Common social housing developments . It occupied the site now enclosed by College Road , Brackenbury Road and Plumstead Road . The hospital was used sporadically during the 20th century , particularly during the outbreak of smallpox that occurred in the city in 1962 . The last cases quarantined there were during January and February 1966 , following an outbreak that originated at the University of Birmingham Medical School . In May 1966 , the hospital 's resident caretaker resigned and the facility of ten buildings was left unguarded except for the ten feet high perimeter wall . In the middle of 1966 , local children broke in , causing some vandalism . Birmingham 's Chief Medical Officer , Ernest Millar , was contacted by a local resident who had regularly seen the children from the top seats of a double-decker bus . Dr Millar ordered the facility to be destroyed by fire and on 3 May 1967 -- chosen because the wind was blowing from the south , away from the city centre -- the buildings were set ablaze by firemen of the Birmingham Fire and Ambulance Service , under the supervision of William Nicholls , Deputy Chief Medical Officer , and George Merrill , Deputy Chief Fire Officer , accompanied by representatives of the news media . Four tons of flammable material , including kerosene , waste oil and aluminium powder accelerants , were needed to burn the buildings , which were empty . A virologist from UK government microbiology laboratories at Porton Down , ( then part of the Ministry of Defence ) , was asked to conduct tests to assess the efficiency of the conflagration . The affair was discussed in Parliament . Harold Gurden , Member of Parliament for the Selly Oak constituency in Birmingham asked The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health , Julian Snow how such a danger could have occurred in `` a densely populated area '' , why the local residents had not been informed , was the facility going to be replaced and what evidence there was of the destruction of any remaining sources of smallpox virus by the fire . In his reply Julian Snow said : In October 1967 an application to redevelop the site for housing was made to the Birmingham City Council , which was approved by the Council in February 1968 . The hospital was superseded by the UK 's first National Isolation Hospital , established at nearby Catherine-de-Barnes in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8797ae9e08228b67896d455d066d16da", "text": "Silicon Fen Silicon Fen ( sometimes known as the Cambridge Cluster ) is the name given to the region around Cambridge , England , which is home to a large cluster of high-tech businesses focusing on software , electronics and biotechnology . Many of these businesses have connections with the University of Cambridge , and the area is now one of the most important technology centres in Europe . It is called `` Silicon Fen '' by analogy with Silicon Valley in California , because it lies at the southern tip of the English Fenland . The interest in technology in the area started with Acorn Computers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f96cb4f50f7153bd1d5efdef864c7510", "text": "Supercopa de España The Supercopa de España or the Spanish Super Cup is a Spanish football championship contested by the winners of La Liga and the Copa del Rey . In the event that a team wins both La Liga and the Copa del Rey , the runners up of the Copa del Rey will play against the winner of La Liga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22fa9f153ec82543d4303b65cd270463", "text": "FC Barcelona Futbol Club Barcelona ( -LSB- fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ) , commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a professional football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto `` Més que un club '' ( `` More than a club '' ) . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the second most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 3.56 billion , and the world 's second richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of $ 560.8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the `` Cant del Barça '' , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Domestically , Barcelona has won 24 La Liga , 29 Copa del Rey , 12 Supercopa de España , 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies , as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions . In international club football , Barcelona has won twenty European and World titles -- four UEFA Champions League titles and one European Cup , a record four UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , a shared record five UEFA Super Cup , a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup . Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the third position on the UEFA club rankings . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid ; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico . Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world , and the club has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams . Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards ( 11 ) , with recipients including Johan Cruyff , as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards ( 7 ) , with winners including Ronaldo , Romário and Ronaldinho . In 2010 , three players who came through the club 's youth academy ( Lionel Messi , Andrés Iniesta and Xavi ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school . Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division , along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . In 2009 , Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and the UEFA Champions League , and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year , completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup , UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup . In 2011 , the club became European champions again and won five trophies . This Barcelona team , which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under Pep Guardiola , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time . By winning their fifth Champions League trophy on 6 June 2015 , Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689257fcc0f43fcbe3bbaeb4439d5be4", "text": "Copa Eva Duarte The Copa Eva Duarte was a Spanish football tournament organized by the Royal Spanish Football Federation ( RFEF ) and contested by the winners of La Liga and the Copa del Generalísimo . In 1940 , it had the name of Copa de Campeones , and was not played again until 1945 , when the ambassador of Argentina , due to the good relations with the military government , offered a trophy called `` Copa de Oro Argentina '' . Both these tournaments were unofficial . In 1941 the `` Copa Presidente FEF '' was established as an official tournament founded and organized by the RFEF . In 1947 the `` Copa Eva Duarte de Perón '' was established as an annual and official tournament founded and organized by the RFEF , as a tribute to Argentine president Juan Perón and his wife Eva Perón . It was played between September and December , usually as one-match finals . The trophy was the predecessor of the current Supercopa de España , first held in 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7283e57d1f0354ef5548d5e2642a8d54", "text": "La Liga The Primera División , commonly known as La Liga and as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander , is the top professional association football division of the Spanish football league system . Administrated by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional ( LFP ) , La Liga is contested by 20 teams , with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top two teams in that division plus the winner of a play-off . A total of 60 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception . Nine teams have been crowned champions , with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 24 times . Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through the 1980s . From the 1990s onwards , Barcelona ( 14 titles ) and Real Madrid ( 8 titles ) both dominated , though La Liga also saw other champions , including Atlético Madrid , Valencia , and Deportivo de La Coruña . In more recent years , Atlético Madrid has joined a coalition of now three teams dominating La Liga alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona . According to UEFA 's league coefficient , La Liga has been the top league in Europe over the last five years , and has produced the continent 's top-rated club more times ( 18 ) than any other league , double that of second-placed Serie A. Its clubs have won the most UEFA Champions League ( 16 ) , UEFA Europa League ( 10 ) , UEFA Super Cup ( 13 ) , and FIFA Club World Cup ( 5 ) titles , and its players have accumulated the highest number of ( FIFA ) Ballon d'Or awards ( 19 ) . La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world , with an average attendance of 26,741 for league matches in the 2014 -- 15 season . This is the sixth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional association football league in the world , behind the Bundesliga , the Premier League , and the Indian Super League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e2bb367fd3bfb5972186929d98db3ad", "text": "Copa del Rey The Copa del Rey ( King 's Cup ) is an annual football cup competition for Spanish football teams . Its full name is Campeonato de España - Copa de Su Majestad el Rey ( Championship of Spain - His Majesty the King 's Football Cup ) , and is also known as La Copa . The competition was founded in 1903 , thus making it the oldest Spanish football competition . Typically , the winner of Copa del Rey goes to the UEFA Europa League ; unless they qualify for the UEFA Champions League . Barcelona are currently the cup holders , who won their 29th Copa del Rey against Deportivo Alavés at the 2017 Copa del Rey Final held at the Vicente Calderón Stadium .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3018faa57830872a2124bb3ef2d063ce", "text": "1958–59 FC Barcelona season The 1958 -- 59 season was the 60th season for FC Barcelona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541825701184e307bcd9d093cd461a2", "text": "2014 UEFA Europa League Final The 2014 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2013 -- 14 UEFA Europa League , the 43rd season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the fifth season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Juventus Stadium in Turin , Italy on 14 May 2014 , between Spanish side Sevilla and Portuguese side Benfica . Sevilla won the match 4 -- 2 on penalties , following a 0 -- 0 draw after extra time . Sevilla secured their third title in eight years , after winning the competition in 2006 and 2007 . With this triumph , they joined Juventus ( 1977 , 1990 , 1993 ) , Internazionale ( 1991 , 1994 , 1998 ) and Liverpool ( 1973 , 1976 , 2001 ) as the teams with the most wins . Benfica lost their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final , following their defeat against Chelsea in the 2013 final . Including their runner-up finish in 1983 , Benfica are the team with the most lost finals in the competition . As the winners , Sevilla earned the right to play against 2013 -- 14 UEFA Champions League winners Real Madrid in the 2014 UEFA Super Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1333baf6687f437fbae9a3c530a6dcab", "text": "AS Monaco FC in European football Association Sportive de Monaco Football Club is a French -- listed football club , located in Monaco . They received entry to their first European competition , the European Cup , after being crowned as winners of the league in 1961 . The side qualified for the beginning round , the preliminary stage , where they were beaten 4 -- 6 on aggregate by Scottish opponents Rangers in both legs of the tie , 2 -- 3 at home , and 3 -- 2 on foreign ground . As runners-up of the French annual cup , the Coupe de France , AS Monaco added their name to a second European tournament , the 1974 -- 75 European Cup Winners ' Cup , also exiting in the first phase against Eintracht Frankfurt with a 2 -- 5 total score . The outfit achieved their best results in the 1991 -- 92 European Cup Winners ' Cup , being defeated in the final 0 -- 2 contrary to Werder Bremen , and the 2003 -- 04 UEFA Champions League , where they suffered a 0 -- 3 loss to Porto . AS Monaco recorded their highest win against Swansea City of Wales with 8 -- 0 at the Stade Louis II in the first phase , second leg of the 1991 -- 92 Cup Winners ' Cup . Their largest deficit was against another Scottish club , Dundee United , in the 1981 -- 82 UEFA Cup first home round which they lost 2 -- 5 . The club 's latest participation was in the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League round of 16 , where their last fixture was against Manchester City on 15 November 2017 at Stade Louis II , which they won 3 -- 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aa9922a3577598172bdd9695b22121d", "text": "Jordi Cruyff Johan Jordi Cruijff ( -LSB- ˈjoːɦɑn ˈjɔrdi krœyf -RSB- , anglicised to Cruyff ; born 9 February 1974 ) is a Dutch former footballer . Cruyff is currently Maccabi Tel Aviv 's sports director , a position he previously held at AEK Larnaca . He is the son of Dutch former player and manager Johan Cruyff . Cruyff was also Maccabi Tel Aviv 's interim manager between January and February 2017 . Under his stewardship as Maccabi Tel Aviv 's sports director , the club has enjoyed a successful period , becoming a dominant force in Israeli football . The team won consecutive league titles from 2012-2015 , as well as regularly qualifying for the Europa League and Champions League . As a footballer , he played from 1992 through to 2010 , his list of clubs include Barcelona and Manchester United . He earned nine caps for the Netherlands national football team , playing at UEFA Euro 1996 . Jordi played mainly as an attacking midfielder , although he could also perform as a second striker . In his later years , notably with Metalurh Donetsk , he also played as a centre back . After starting his career with Barcelona and playing for the Netherlands aged 22 , Cruyff 's career stalled while at Manchester United , as he appeared just 36 times in the league over four years due largely to injuries . His most successful period was arguably with Deportivo Alavés , whom he led to the 2001 UEFA Cup Final . He also played for Celta Vigo , RCD Espanyol and finished his playing career with Valletta in the Maltese Premier League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab31bf4c361eb6b4b6fb8243c081b641", "text": "1936–37 FC Barcelona season The 1936 -- 37 season was the 38th season for FC Barcelona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51f87d39a30c1151d926676e69dd65b6", "text": "1912 Copa del Rey The Copa del Rey 1912 was the 11th edition of the oldest Spanish Association Football cup competition the Copa del Rey . The competition started on March 31 , 1912 , and concluded on April 12 , 1912 , with the Final , held at the Industria Stadium in Barcelona , in which FC Barcelona lifted the trophy for the second time ever after a 2 -- 0 victory over Sociedad Gimnástica . Six teams were planned to take place in the tournament , but Athletic de Bilbao and Academia de Infantería withdrew just before the start of the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76782c3f3c06aca283bb6da71ee0dfc", "text": "UEFA Euro 2012 The 2012 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012 , was the 14th European Championship for men 's national football teams organised by UEFA . The final tournament , held between 8 June and 1 July 2012 , was co-hosted for the first time by Poland and Ukraine , and was won by Spain , who beat Italy 4 -- 0 in the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy in Kiev , Ukraine . Poland and Ukraine 's bid was chosen by UEFA 's Executive Committee on 18 April 2007 . The two host teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through a qualifying competition , featuring 51 teams , from August 2010 to November 2011 . This was the last European Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since 1996 ; from Euro 2016 onward , it was expanded to 24 finalists . Euro 2012 was played at eight venues , four in each host country . Five new stadiums were built for the tournament , and the hosts invested heavily in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA 's request . Euro 2012 set attendance records for the 16-team format , for the highest aggregate attendance ( 1,440,896 ) and average per game ( 46,481 ) . Spain became the first team to win two consecutive European Championships , and also three straight major tournaments ( Euro 2008 , 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012 ) . Spain had already gained entry to the 2013 Confederations Cup by winning the 2010 World Cup , so runners-up Italy qualified instead . As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland , both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bbf2225b7d11085fbf95526de1fbff5", "text": "1974 Intercontinental Cup The 1974 Intercontinental Cup was a football tie held over two legs in March and April 1975 between Independiente , winners of the 1974 Copa Libertadores , and the runners up of the 1973 -- 74 European Cup , Atlético Madrid ( European Cup winners Bayern Munich declined to participate ) . The first leg was held on 12 March 1975 at the Estadio Libertadores de América , then known as La Doble Visera , home of Independiente . The match finished up as a 1-0 victory for Independiente . The goals was scored by Agustín Alberto Balbuena in the 34th minute . Estadio Vicente Calderón hosted the return leg on 10 April 1975 . Atlético de Madrid won the second leg 2-0 . The goals came from Javier Irureta in the 23rd minute , and Rubén Ayala in the 85th minute . Atlético won on aggregate 2-1 . To this date , Atletico Madrid is the only team that participated in the Intercontinental Cup as the runner-up of the European cup and have managed to win it . ( Panathinaikos lost in 1971 , Juventus lost in 1973 , Borussia Mönchengladbach lost in 1977 , Malmö FF lost in 1979 and Milan lost in 1993 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8573d7d39d190c55c7b78bea9360b5", "text": "1999–2000 UEFA Cup The 1999 -- 2000 UEFA Cup season was the 29th edition of the UEFA Cup competition . The final took place at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen and was won by Galatasaray , who defeated Arsenal in the final . The game was scoreless through the first ninety minutes and stayed that way through thirty minutes of extra time . The match went on to penalty kicks in which Gheorghe Popescu scored the winning goal to win the cup . Galatasaray won the cup without losing a single game . The competition was marred by violence involving English and Turkish hooligans in the semi-finals and the final , in particular the fatal stabbings of Leeds United fans Kevin Speight and Christopher Loftus by Galatasaray fans in Istanbul . Parma were the defending champions , but were eliminated by Werder Bremen in the fourth round . It was the first season of the new format UEFA Cup ; it had absorbed the now defunct Cup Winners ' Cup to include domestic cup winners , and now featured an additional knockout round . This season 's champions qualified for the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship , which was never disputed . So far , Galatasaray are the only UEFA Cup champions to qualify for a Club World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "927df896e08b4fe4d0f2c6f740aa34fc", "text": "1929–30 FC Barcelona season The 1929 -- 30 season is FC Barcelona 's 31st in existence , and was their second year in the Primera División , and covers the period from 1929-08-01 to 1930-07-31 . FC Barcelona won the Catalan League for the 16th time , their only title in the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67b0e5f28044d0497a80b189f66b5412", "text": "2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process . The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c242cb03b817b71d2c0a7eccc25b1a01", "text": "Ciutat de Barcelona Trophy Ciutat de Barcelona Trophy is a summer tournament organized by RCD Espanyol in Barcelona . In the beginning there used to be four participating teams , but in the last years it has been a two-team tournament . Normally the teams are club-level , but in 1981 the Honduras national football team participated , finishing last in the tournament . The 1980 Final was the only final played in which RCD Español did not played . The current holders of the trophy are RCD Espanyol after a 1 -- 1 ( 5 -- 4 p ) victory against Betis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a10e4935627159ff1fc8dc850df59bb4", "text": "Celtic F.C. in European football Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Glasgow , which has regularly taken part in European competitions since its first appearance in the 1962 -- 63 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup . Since then , the club has competed in every UEFA organised competition , with the exception of the now defunct Intertoto Cup . The club became the first British team and only Scottish team to win the European Cup , by beating Inter Milan in the 1967 final . The team that defeated Inter at the final held at the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon have since become known as `` The Lisbon Lions '' . During the 1960s , Celtic also twice reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup before reaching a further European Cup final in 1970 where they lost 2 -- 1 to Feyenoord after extra-time , and then two further European Cup semi-finals in 1972 and 1974 . In more recent years , Celtic reached the 2003 UEFA Cup Final in Seville , which they lost 3 -- 2 after extra time to Porto , and also reached the last 16 of the Champions League on three occasions in the 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 and 2012 -- 13 seasons . The 2016 -- 17 season competing in the Champions League saw Celtic participating in its 53rd European campaign . Scott Brown , Celtic 's current captain , holds the club record for the most appearances , playing in 75 matches . Henrik Larsson , who scored twice in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final , is the club 's record goalscorer , with 35 goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457d6529ce7d99ad11b7f72fc1672cf2", "text": "1955–58 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup The first Inter-Cities Fairs Cup took place over three seasons from 1955 to 1958 . The competition began with a group stage with each team playing home and away against each other . Due to the competition rules which stated only one side from each city was allowed to compete , many cities with several football clubs picked the best players from those teams to create a city representative side . One of these , the London XI , went on to reach the final where they were beaten over two legs by the Barcelona XI ( later recognized as FC Barcelona ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9f4268e87e07d3c5ef3b44ff4929d33", "text": "2016–17 RCD Espanyol season Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : -LSB- rəˈjaɫ ˈkɫub dəpurˈtiw əspəˈɲɔɫ də βərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ; Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona ) , commonly known as RCD Espanyol , or simply as Espanyol , is a professional sports club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain.During the 2016/17 campaign they will be competing in the following competitions : La Liga , Copa del Rey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b05c51b7d6b4b4e1660d7d6515418a", "text": "1998 UEFA Champions League Final The 1998 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match that took place at the Amsterdam Arena in Amsterdam , Netherlands on 20 May 1998 to determine the winner of the 1997 -- 98 UEFA Champions League . It pitted Real Madrid of Spain and Juventus of Italy . Juventus appeared in their third consecutive final , while Real Madrid were in their first of the Champions League era . Real Madrid won 1 -- 0 , the only goal scored by Predrag Mijatović , to clinch their seventh European title , their first for 32 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc50f8c791b7a63beecaacb1313ed5d0", "text": "CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments . CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members . CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "677630da23a9452f76a4080c032b6f9d", "text": "Barcelona Esporte Clube Barcelona Esporte Clube , commonly known as Barcelona , is a Brazilian football club based in Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b158bca6ae574c22e5f06797dec03ba", "text": "UEFA The Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA , -LSB- juːˈeɪfə -RSB- Union des Associations Européennes de Football ) Vereinigung Europäischer Fußballverbände ) is the administrative body for association football in Europe , although several member states are primarily or entirely located in Asia . It is one of six continental confederations of world football 's governing body FIFA . UEFA consists of 55 national association members . UEFA represents the national football associations of Europe , runs nation and club competitions including the UEFA European Championship , UEFA Champions League , UEFA Europa League , and UEFA Super Cup , and controls the prize money , regulations , and media rights to those competitions . Until 1959 the main headquarters were located in Paris , and later in Bern . In 1995 , UEFA headquarters were transferred to Nyon , Switzerland . Henri Delaunay was the first general secretary and Ebbe Schwartz the first president . The current president is Aleksander Čeferin , a former Football Association of Slovenia president , who was elected as UEFA 's seventh president at the 12th Extraordinary UEFA Congress in Athens in September 2016 , and automatically became a vice-president of the world body FIFA .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "85c823a7262f58ed2cca33fc9157ee20", "text": "Netherlands The Netherlands , ( -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlân ) also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht ( collectively known as G4 ) . Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government . The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe . The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces : North Holland and South Holland . `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level . Most of the areas below sea level are artificial . Since the late 16th century , large areas ( polders ) have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass . With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 ( January 2017 ) if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country . Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density . Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States . This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate . The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state . The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy . In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage . The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon . The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust . This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . '' The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders . The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom . It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life . The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ddf08bdfc8ae82f58e510f8df8555b41", "text": "Singapore International Arbitration Centre Singapore International Arbitration Centre ( SIAC ) is a not-for-profit arbitration organisation based in Singapore , which administers arbitrations under its own rules of arbitration and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules . It was established in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22dd0a2bf3c833d3b9c85784e38d9be6", "text": "Supreme Court of the Netherlands The Supreme Court of the Netherlands ( Hoge Raad der Nederlanden -LSB- ˈɦoːɣə raːdɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə ( n ) -RSB- , literally `` High Council of the Netherlands '' ) is one of the highest courts of the Netherlands , Curaçao , Sint Maarten and Aruba . The Court was established on 1 October 1838 and sits in The Hague , Netherlands . The Court has exclusive final jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters . In certain administrative cases it has final jurisdiction as well , while in other cases this jurisdiction rests with the adjudicative division of the Council of State , the Central Appeals Tribunal , the Trade and Industry Appeals Tribunal as well as judicial institutions in the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The Court is a court of cassation , which means that it has the competence to quash or affirm rulings of lower courts , but no competence to re-examine or question the facts . It only considers whether the lower courts applied the law correctly and the rulings have sufficient reasoning . In so doing it establishes case law . According to Article 120 of the Constitution , courts may not rule on the constitutionality of laws passed by the States General and treaties . With the exception of constitutional Court of Sint Maarten courts ( which rules on constitutionality with regards to the Sint Maarten constitution only ) have thus no competence for judicial review with respect to the Constitution . The Supreme Court currently consists of 36 judges : a president , 6 vice-presidents , 25 justices ( , literally `` Lords of the Council '' ) and 4 justices in exceptional service . All judges are appointed for life , until they retire at their own request or mandatorily at the age of 70 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c3d1b206b2bc4b9407b7baa192004c9", "text": "Netherlands in World War II The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London . Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service . Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict ; a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , the city of Amsterdam organized the only industrial action in protest to the persecution of their Jewish fellow citizens ever in all of the Nazi occupied areas . Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6f3880c7313b6468953f7271b9864be", "text": "T.M.C. Asser Instituut The T.M.C. Asser instituut ( established in 1965 ) is a professional inter-university centre of knowledge and research . The institute carries out research in private and public international law , European law , international commercial arbitration and all other related fields , such as international sports law and international humanitarian and criminal law . It is based in The Hague and it is affiliated to the University of Amsterdam . The institute is named after Tobias Michael Carel Asser ( 1838 -- 1913 ) , who was a Dutch jurist , and co-winner ( with Alfred Fried ) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1911 for his role in the formation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the first Hague peace conference ( 1899 ) . He also advocated for the creation of an international academy of law , which led to founding of the Revue de Droit International et de Législation Comparée with John Westlake and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns , the Institut de Droit International and the creation of the Hague Academy of International Law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "968c5a8b47eceda7cf93f016e0fe01e2", "text": "Bert Koenders Albert Gerard `` Bert '' Koenders ( -LSB- ˈɑlbərt ˈɣɪːrɑrt bɛrt ˈkundərs -RSB- ; born 28 May 1958 ) is a Dutch politician and diplomat , a member of the Labour Party . He has been the Netherlands ' Minister of Foreign Affairs since 17 October 2014 . Koenders studied political science and international relations . He was a member of the House of Representatives ( 1997 -- 2007 ) , the Minister for Development Cooperation ( 2007 -- 2010 ) , the UN Secretary-General 's Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Operation in the Ivory Coast ( 2011 -- 2013 ) , and the UN Secretary-General 's Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali ( 2013 -- 2014 ) . Koenders founded the Parliamentary Network on the World Bank/International Monetary Fund and has served as President of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Parliamentary Assembly and leader of its Socialist Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00caea2dbbfa26aaeb514377f0d5422b", "text": "Judiciary of Germany The judiciary of Germany is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Germany . The German legal system is a civil law mostly based on a comprehensive compendium of statutes , as compared to the common law systems . In criminal and administrative law , Germany uses an inquisitorial system where the judges are actively involved in investigating the facts of the case , as compared to an adversarial system where the role of the judge is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecutor or plaintiff and the defendant . In Germany , the independence of the judiciary is historically older than democracy . The organisation of courts is traditionally strong , and almost all federal and state actions are subject to judicial review . Judges follow a distinct career path . At the end of their legal education at university , all law students must pass a state examination before they can continue on to an apprenticeship that provides them with broad training in the legal profession over two years . They then must pass a second state examination that qualifies them to practice law . At that point , the individual can choose either to be a lawyer or to enter the judiciary . Judicial candidates start working at courts immediately . However , they are subjected to a probationary period of up to five years before being appointed as judges for life . The judicial system is established and governed by part IX of the Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ( the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany ) . Article 92 of the Basic Law establishes the courts , and that states that `` the judicial power shall be vested in the judges ; it shall be exercised by the Federal Constitutional Court , by the federal courts provided for in this Basic Law , and by the courts of the Länder . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cbc2b7669516f0bdb34c2d81aa65988", "text": "United Netherlands (organization) United Netherlands ( UNL ) is an educational student-led organization that focuses on the theory and practice of international relations and diplomacy . It is based at the Radboud University in Nijmegen , the Netherlands . UNL has organized various student activities related to the United Nations , including the Radboud international Model United Nations ( RiMUN ) , the Month of the United Nations ( MotUN ) , and the High School Program ( HSP ) . Furthermore , United Netherlands offers the accredited United Nations and Multilateral Diplomacy ( UNMD ) course , and its corresponding Delegation to Oxford University and Harvard University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf24772ad6a0030d332a6b347c0c3e8a", "text": "Netherlands Worldwide Students Netherlands Worldwide Students ( Nederlandse Wereldwijde Studenten ) , NWS for short , is a Dutch student organisation NWS forms a worldwide network of Dutch students currently , formerly and prospectively enrolled at foreign universities or professional schools . It offers a platform for joint activities and bridges the gap to the government , private sector , academic sector and society of the Netherlands . Most importantly , NWS tries to maintain a strong connection between Dutch students abroad and the Netherlands , and vice versa . Integral to this mission is making sure that the voices of Dutch students abroad are being heard in policy debates and that the value of studying abroad is appreciated from an individual , economic and societal perspective . NWS Clubs form an integral part of the NWS network , offering local activities , seminars , borrels and Dutch gezelligheid at universities outside of the Netherlands . NWS Clubs are active at Harvard , Cornell , Oxford , Cambridge , LSE , Paris and Bruges , amongst others . In addition , NWS maintains an online database of Dutch students currently or formerly enrolled at foreign universities . This network provides its participants access to local contacts , knowledge and advice in any sector or country to facilitate studying abroad or returning to the Netherlands . NWS also has its own Wiki-based site , for user-generated information on studying abroad , foreign universities , financial aid and such . NWS was founded in 2007 by and for students and is completely run by volunteers . It is registered as a charity and receives support from Nuffic , the IB-Group , as well as several Dutch multinationals through sponsorship for events . As part of their activities , NWS conducts research on studying abroad through surveys among its members . The findings are presented in the `` NWS-onderzoek '' research report , which is published every other year . After publicatiosen , the report is presented to a representative of the Dutch government . Previous representatives to receive the report include Sybrand Haersma Buma and former State Secretary of Education Halbe Zijlstra . In past years , the research report has focused on obstacles for Dutch students in going abroad and returning to the Netherlands . Over the past few years , NWS has increasingly become involved in informing Dutch secondary school and university students about the opportunities for studying abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcff90137f6e6e15a1c3cfb2be218a02", "text": "International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice ( Cour internationale de justice commonly referred to as the World Court , ICJ or The Hague ) is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations ( UN ) . Seated in the Peace Palace in The Hague , Netherlands , the court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches , agencies , and the UN General Assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b67475507169a8d394e3f8671d1894a3", "text": "Politics of Aruba Aruba , a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic country , whereby the prime minister is the head of government , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament . The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Aruba has full autonomy on most matters . Exceptions are defence , foreign affairs , and the Supreme Court . The constitution was enacted in January 1986 . Executive power rests with a governor , and a prime minister heads an eight-member Cabinet . The governor of Aruba is appointed for a six-year term by the monarch , and the prime minister and deputy prime minister are elected by the Staten ( legislature ) for four-year terms . The Staten is made up of 21 members elected by direct , popular vote to serve four-year terms . Aruba 's judicial system , which has mainly been derived from the Dutch system , operates independently of the legislature and the executive . Jurisdiction , including appeal , lies with the Common Court of Justice of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles and the Supreme Court of Justice in the Netherlands . Category : Aruba Category : Government of Saba * Category : Politics of the Caribbean by territory or dependency", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e17d12b0c28232c830217c94dc9c60d0", "text": "Hague Marriage Convention The Hague Convention on Celebration and Recognition of the Validity of Marriages or Hague Marriage Convention is a multilateral treaty developed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law that provides the recognition of marriages . The convention was signed in 1978 by Portugal , Luxembourg and Egypt , and later by Australia , Finland and the Netherlands . It entered into force more than 10 years after opening for signature after ratification by Australia , the Netherlands ( for its European territory only ) and Luxembourg , and no countries have acceded to the convention since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "808e6140c35666fccef3820669732a07", "text": "Peace Palace Library The Peace Palace Library is a collection of studies and references specializing in international law . It is located in The Hague , Netherlands , and was established to support the Permanent Court of Justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b94de28bf7f6a99d12fe0c57f069e1b", "text": "Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels . The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae59979d679cd563bd4fb715232ef8b0", "text": "List of municipalities of the Netherlands There are 388 regular municipalities ( gemeenten ) ( January 2017 ) and 3 public bodies ( openbare lichamen ) , also referred to as special municipalities ( bijzondere gemeenten ) , in the Netherlands . Municipalities are the second-level administrative division in the Netherlands and are subdivisions of their respective provinces . Their duties are delegated to them by the central government and they are ruled by a municipal council that is elected every four years . Municipal mergers have reduced the total number of municipalities by two-thirds since the first official boundaries were created in the mid 19th century . Municipalities themselves are informally subdivided into districts and neighbourhoods for administrative and statistical purposes . These municipalities come in a wide range of sizes , Westervoort is the smallest at 7.84 km2 and Súdwest-Fryslân the largest with an area of 841.56 km2 . Schiermonnikoog is both the least populous municipality and has the lowest population density with 938 inhabitants for a density of 21 / km2 . Amsterdam has the highest population with 810,909 residents , whereas The Hague is most densely populated with a density of 6131 / km2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9bee44f0a322cea964b21d5779461f9", "text": "Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 The Netherlands was represented by Re-Union and the song `` Without You '' . The Dutch Songfestival has had five selection rounds where a total of 24 artists participated . The selection rounds and the National Final were held in the Pepsi Stage Theatre in Amsterdam , hosted by Nance & Humberto Tan . Each selection round contained six songs of which the two highest-scoring songs proceeded to the final , while the third placed song moved on to a wildcard stage where they would compete for another chance to reach the final . A total of 10 songs were chosen to compete in the final , which was held on February 22 , 2004 . The jury accounted for 50 % of the score while televoting took care of the rest . On the jury was Ruth Jacott who represented The Netherlands in 1993 at the Eurovision Song Contest with the song `` Vrede '' . At Eurovision , the performance began with an `` A cappella '' opening sung by the backing singers . After the music started the focus shifted to the duo who delivered their presentation on stools . The simple performance and the advantage of performing last pushed the song into the final from the semi . In the final , the song was drawn into a bad spot surrounded by stronger songs that made the Dutch performance forgettable . The song finished 20th with 11 points , which is a huge difference from the 146 points they earned in the semi-final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d02a988e814aab193fa31c6ede81172", "text": "Human rights in Switzerland Human rights are comprehensively guaranteed in Switzerland , one of Europe 's oldest democracies . Together with other European states , Switzerland is often at or near the head in international civil liberties and political rights rankings . Switzerland places human rights at the core of the nation 's value system , as represented in the Federal Constitution and political model . Promotion of peace , mutual respect , equality and non-discrimination are central to the country 's democratic election . Switzerland is signatory to all relevant international human rights instruments . It is also the depositary state of the Geneva Conventions and the place where several human rights-related NGOs were established or headquartered , including the Red Cross . The United Nations Human Rights Council , of which Switzerland is a member and which it was instrumental in establishing , has its seat in Geneva . Respect for human rights and the promotion of democracy is also one of the five official policy goals of Switzerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac9ef789f48641cc8e81f2a1dd2c702c", "text": "List of companies of Austria Austria is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north , Hungary and Slovakia to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The territory of Austria covers 83879 km2 . Austria is the 12th richest country in the world in terms of GDP ( Gross domestic product ) per capita , has a well-developed social market economy , and a high standard of living . Until the 1980s , many of Austria 's largest industry firms were nationalised ; in recent years , however , privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies . Labour movements are particularly strong in Austria and have large influence on labour politics . Next to a highly developed industry , international tourism is the most important part of the national economy . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Austria '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cedb4667277b97eca9f90546b6f327a5", "text": "Belgium Belgium ( -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ( along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany ) were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , '' a reputation strengthened by both world wars . Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) enclave within the Flemish Region . A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments . Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC ( observers ) , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS ( observer ) , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB ( non-regional ) , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5381538745046c4b16a2ee586760f36d", "text": "Frisian Islands The Frisian Islands , also known as the Wadden Islands or Wadden Sea Islands , form an archipelago at the eastern edge of the North Sea in northwestern Europe , stretching from the northwest of the Netherlands through Germany to the west of Denmark . The islands shield the mudflat region of the Wadden Sea ( large parts of which fall dry during low tide ) from the North Sea . The Frisian Islands , along with the mainland coast in the German Bight , form the region of Frisia ( German and Dutch : Friesland ) , homeland of the Frisian people . Generally , the term Frisian Islands is used for the islands where Frisian is spoken and the population is ethnically Frisian . In contrast , the term Wadden Islands applies to the entire archipelago , including the Dutch speaking western islands of Texel and Vlieland in North Holland and Danish-speaking Danish Wadden Sea Islands further north off the west coast of Jutland . Most of the Frisian Islands are environmentally protected areas , and an international wildlife nature reserve is being coordinated between the Netherlands , Germany and Denmark . Natural gas and oil drilling continue , however , and in the vicinity of the Ems , Weser and Elbe estuaries , and ship traffic causes tension between wildlife protection and economic values .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39d2f81240e002d253b9d0f6e0b8ba8", "text": "Peace Implementation Council The Peace Implementation Council ( PIC ) is an international body charged with implementing the Dayton Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Council was established at an implementation conference held in London , United Kingdom on December 8 and 9 , 1995 , subsequent to the completion of the negotiations of the accord the preceding month . The Council is , in effect , the realization , through the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina , of the international community 's governance of Bosnia and Herzegovina after signature of the Dayton Agreement . This international control over Bosnia and Herzegovina is to last until the country is deemed politically and democratically stable and self-sustainable . The PIC comprises 55 countries and agencies that support the peace process in many different ways - by assisting it financially , providing troops for SFOR , or directly running operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina . There is also a fluctuating number of observers . Since the London conference , the PIC has come together at the ministerial level another six times to review progress and define the goals of peace implementation for the coming period : in June 1996 in Florence , Italy ; in December 1996 for a second time in London ; in December 1997 in Bonn , Germany ; in December 1998 in Madrid , Spain , in May 2000 and February 2007 in Brussels , Belgium . The PIC clarifies the responsibilities of the High Representative as the main implementing body of the civilian part of the Dayton Agreement , as set out in Annex 10 the Dayton Agreement . For example , the 1997 Bonn session provided the Office of the High Representative with the so-called `` Bonn authority '' to dismiss elected and non-elected officials who obstruct the implementation of the Dayton Agreement . The High Representative from 2006-2007 , Christian Schwarz-Schilling , used this power sparingly , to promote confidence in elected domestic government . This strategy was reversed by the new appointee to that post , Miroslav Lajčák , who imposed several decisions on his first day at work .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad0f99ab917340c3078af66176feccdb", "text": "Isabella of France Isabella of France ( 1295 -- 22 August 1358 ) , sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France , was Queen of England as the wife of Edward II , and regent of England from 1326 until 1330 . She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre . Queen Isabella was notable at the time for her beauty , diplomatic skills , and intelligence . Isabella arrived in England at the age of 12 during a period of growing conflict between the king and the powerful baronial factions . Her new husband was notorious for the patronage he lavished on his favourite , Piers Gaveston , but the queen supported Edward during these early years , forming a working relationship with Piers and using her relationship with the French monarchy to bolster her own authority and power . After the death of Gaveston at the hands of the barons in 1312 , however , Edward later turned to a new favourite , Hugh Despenser the Younger , and attempted to take revenge on the barons , resulting in the Despenser War and a period of internal repression across England . Isabella could not tolerate Hugh Despenser and by 1325 her marriage to Edward was at a breaking point . Travelling to France under the guise of a diplomatic mission , Isabella began an affair with Roger Mortimer , and the two agreed to depose Edward and oust the Despenser family . The Queen returned to England with a small mercenary army in 1326 , moving rapidly across England . The King 's forces deserted him . Isabella deposed Edward , becoming regent on behalf of her son , Edward III . Many have believed that Isabella then arranged the murder of Edward II . Isabella and Mortimer 's regime began to crumble , partly because of her lavish spending , but also because the Queen successfully , but unpopularly , resolved long-running problems such as the wars with Scotland . In 1330 , Isabella 's son Edward III deposed Mortimer in turn , taking back his authority and executing Isabella 's lover . The Queen was not punished , however , and lived for many years in considerable style -- although not at Edward III 's court -- until her death in 1358 . Isabella became a popular `` femme fatale '' figure in plays and literature over the years , usually portrayed as a beautiful but cruel , manipulative figure .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f75f991578266ec643008554ea71298", "text": "14th century in architecture", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8c09f6b067a17dcf372a25bae50619", "text": "Crisis of the Late Middle Ages The crisis of the Late Middle Ages refers to a series of events in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that brought centuries of European prosperity and growth to a halt . Three major crises led to radical changes in all areas of society : demographic collapse , political instabilities and religious upheavals . A series of famines and plagues , beginning with the Great Famine of 1315 -- 17 and especially the Black Death of 1348 , reduced the population perhaps by half or more as the Medieval Warm Period came to a close and the first century of the Little Ice Age began . Popular revolts in late medieval Europe and civil wars between nobles within countries such as the Wars of the Roses were common -- with France fighting internally nine times -- and there were international conflicts between kings such as France and England in the Hundred Years ' War . The unity of the Roman Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism . The Holy Roman Empire was also in decline ; in the aftermath of the Great Interregnum ( 1247 -- 1273 ) , the Empire lost cohesion and politically the separate dynasties of the various German states became more important than their common empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bbc853e1f221a99083f46d03995a639", "text": "Portrait of Isabella d'Este (Titian) Portrait of Isabella d'Este ( or Isabella in Black ) is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian painter Titian , completed between 1534 and 1536 . It shows the Marquess of Mantua , Isabella d'Este ( 1474 -- 1539 ) , daughter of Ercole I d'Este , Duke of Ferrara , and Eleanor of Naples with an ermine zibellino draped over her shoulder . Although Titan depicts her as a young woman , she was around 62 at the time Isabella was socially ambitious and aware of the effect a painting by a renowned artists might have on her reputation and prestige - she also commissioned portraits by Leonardo da Vinci and Andrea Mantegna . It is one of two portraits Titian painted of her ; Isabella in Red ( or Aged Isabella ) of 1529 is known only through a Peter Paul Rubens copy . It showed a more aged and matronly Isabella , but she was so displeased with the picture that she asked for a second idealised portrait , showing how she thought she looked forty years earlier . Art historian Lionel Cust mentions that Isabella 's fame and renown was not due to `` beauty , but to intellect and character '' . Fred Kleiner wrote that the work is a `` distinctive portrayal of his poised and self-assured patron that owes little to its model '' . It is today in the Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b08880992b1084cddbc71e227334282", "text": "Eleanor of Anjou Eleanor of Anjou ( August 1289 -- 9 August 1341 ) was the Queen consort of Frederick III of Sicily . She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou by birth . She was the third daughter of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary . Eleanor was firstly married in 1299 to Philip de Toucy , son of Narjot de Toucy and Lucia of Tripoli . Their marriage was dissolved on 17 January 1300 by Pope Boniface VIII because they were related and had not sought permission from the pope to marry . On 17 May 1302 , Eleanor married secondly to Frederick III of Sicily . Her father and her new husband had been engaged in a war for ascendancy in the Mediterranean Sea and especially Sicily and the Mezzogiorno . The marriage was part of a diplomatic effort to establish peaceful relations which would lead to the Peace of Caltabellotta ( 19 August 1302 ) . The peace divided the old Kingdom of Sicily into an island portion and a peninsular portion . The island , called the Kingdom of Trinacria , went to Frederick , who had been ruling it , and the Mezzogiorno , called the Kingdom of Sicily contemporaneously , but called the Kingdom of Naples by modern scholarship , went to Charles II , who had been ruling it . Thus , the peace was formal recognition of an uneasy status quo . Eleanor and Frederick had nine children : Peter II of Sicily ( 1304 -- 1342 ) , successor Roger ( born 1305 ) , died young Manfred , Duke of Athens and Neopatria ( 1306 -- 1317 ) , Duke of Athens and Neopatria Constance , married on December 29 , 1331 to Leo IV of Armenia Elisabeth ( 1310 -- 1349 ) , married ( 1328 ) Stephen II of Bavaria ( also known as Isabella ) William , Prince of Taranto ( 1312 -- 1338 ) , Prince of Taranto , Duke of Athens and Neopatria Giovanni di Randazzo ( 1317 -- 1348 ) , Duke of Randazzo , Duke of Athens and Neopatria , Regent of Sicily ( from 1338 ) Catherine ( 1320 -- 1342 ) Margaret ( 1331 -- 1360 ) , married ( 1348 ) Rudolf II of the Palatinate Eleanor died on the 9 August 1341 at the Monastery of San Nicolo di Arena ( Catania ) , she had been a widow since 1337 . She was buried at a Franciscan monastery in Catania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989072003eecdd442d680b4d806efedd", "text": "Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany Isabella of Burgundy ( 1270 -- August 1323 ) , Lady of Vieux-Château , was the second and last Queen consort of Rudolph I of Germany . She was the second daughter of Hugh IV , Duke of Burgundy and his second wife Beatrice of Navarre . Isabella was betrothed in 1272 to Charles of Flandres . He was born in 1266 to the later Robert III of Flanders and his first wife Blanche of Sicily . Her betrothed died in 1277 . On 6 February 1284 , Isabella became the second wife of Rudolf I of Germany . The bride was fourteen years old and the groom almost sixty-six . Their marriage remained childless . Rudolph died on 15 July 1291 . He was succeeded as Duke of Austria by his co-ruling sons Albert I and Rudolph II . She returned to the Court of Burgundy and was granted the title of Lady of Vieux-Château on 20 November 1294 . She had a second marriage to Pierre IX de Chambly , Lord of Neaufles who died c. 1319 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2827b067f20b3d77b2bc00748aa5b73f", "text": "Louis II, Duke of Bourbon Louis de Bourbon , called the Good ( 4 February 1337 -- 10 August 1410 ) , son of Peter de Bourbon and Isabella de Valois ( the sister of French King Philip VI ) , was the third Duke of Bourbon . Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable , specifically having a trait of nervous breakdowns which is presumably hereditary ; this trait was also evidenced in his sister Joanna of Bourbon ( the wife of French King Charles V ) , his nephew Charles VI of France ( called `` The Mad '' ) , his father Duke Peter , and his grandfather Louis I , Duke of Bourbon . The teenage Louis inherited the duchy from his father Duke Peter I after his death in the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . On August 19 , 1371 , he married Anne of Auvergne ( 1358 -- 1417 ) , Countess of Forez and a daughter of Beraud II , Dauphin of Auvergne , and his wife the Countess of Forez , and they had four children : Catherine of Bourbon ( b. 1378 ) , d. young John of Bourbon ( 1381 -- 1434 ) , Duke of Bourbon Louis of Bourbon ( 1388 -- 1404 ) , Sieur de Beaujeu Isabelle of Bourbon ( 1384 -- aft . 1451 ) In 1390 , Duke Louis launched the Barbary Crusade against the Hafsids of Tunis , in conjunction with the Genoese . Its objective was to suppress piracy based in the city of Mahdia , but the siege was unsuccessful . Duke Louis died at Montlucon in 1410 , at the age of 72 or 73 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9158943861f455ec155ed149a559f9", "text": "Isabella of England Isabella of England ( 1214 -- 1 December 1241 ) , was Holy Roman Empress , Queen of the Germans , and Queen consort of Sicily . She was the fourth child and second daughter of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "535ccd45adaa9b7d093c4f0b85e51b2f", "text": "Basil of Trebizond Basil Megas Komnenos ( died April 6 , 1340 ) was Emperor of Trebizond from August 1332 until his death in 1340 . Although Basil 's reign was a period of stability during the civil war that dominated the pocket empire during the second quarter of the 14th century , some of that conflict had its origins in his marital actions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da51d11ad168d6af0ee9fa90c52b6ba", "text": "Joan II of Navarre Joan II ( Jeanne 28 January 1312 -- 6 October 1349 ) was Queen of Navarre from 1328 until her death . She was the only surviving child of Louis X of France , King of France and Navarre , and Margaret of Burgundy . Joan 's paternity was dubious because her mother was involved in a scandal , but Louis X declared her his legitimate daughter before he died in 1316 . However , the French lords were opposed to the idea of a female monarch and elected Louis X 's brother , Philip V , king . The Navarrese noblemen also did homage to Philip . Joan 's maternal grandmother , Agnes of France , Duchess of Burgundy , and uncle , Odo IV of Burgundy , made attempts to secure the counties of Champagne and Brie ( which had been the patrimony of Louis X 's mother , Joan I of Navarre ) to Joan , but the French royal troops defeated her supporters . After Philip V married his daughter to Odo and granted him two counties as her dowry , Odo renounced Joan 's claim to Champagne and Brie in exchange for a compensation in March 1318 . Joan married Philip of Évreux , who was also a member of the French royal family . Philip V was succeeded by his brother , Charles IV , in both France and Navarre in 1322 , but most Navarrese lords refused to swear loyalty to him . After Charles IV died in 1328 , the Navarrese expelled the French governor and declared Joan the rightful monarch of Navarre . In France , Philip of Valois was crowned king . He concluded an agreement with Joan and her husband , who renounced Joan 's claims to Champagne and Brie in exchange for three counties , while Philip acknowledged their right to Navarre . Joan and her husband were together crowned in Pamplona Cathedral on 5 March 1329 . The royal couple closely cooperated during their joint reign , but Philip of Évreux was more active . However , they mostly lived in their French domains . Navarre was then administered by governors during their absence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bddc14811b8249fcc5af9733ac6ad594", "text": "John VII, Count of Harcourt Jean VII d'Harcourt ( 1369-18 December 1452 , Châtellerault ) was a French nobleman . He was Count of Aumale , Viscount of Châtellerault , and Seigneur of Mézières , of Elbeuf , of Lillebone , of La Saussaye etc. . He was the son of John VI of Harcourt , Count of Harcourt , and of Catherine de Bourbon , sister-in-law of King Charles V. On 17 March 1390 he married Marie of Alençon ( 29 March 1373-1417 ) , princess of the blood , daughter of Peter II of Alençon and of Marie Chamaillart d'Anthenaise , viscountess of Beaumont , and they had three children : John VIII of Harcourt , count of Aumale , lieutenant and captain general of Normandy , killed at the battle of Verneuil . Marie d'Harcourt ( 1398 -- 1476 , wife of Antoine de Lorraine , comte of Vaudémont and of Guise , who is the origin of the Harcourt-Lorraine branch ) Jeanne of Harcourt ( 1399 -- 1456 ) He participated in the siege of Taillebourg , where he was made a knight by his uncle Louis II , Duke of Bourbon , and at the siege of Tunis and Harfleur . He distinguished himself at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) , where he was taken prisoner . In 1418 , his castle at Harcourt was taken by the English . His titles of count of Aumale and count of Harcourt were usurped and given to the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence . His cousin -- king Charles VI -- therefore supported him and named him captain general of Normandy and gave him a gift of 1000 books . On his death in 1452 , he was buried at the Franciscan convent at Châtellerault which he had founded . With him the oldest branch of Harcourt became extinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1730c9c1b85b6a9fdcc1804c3cddf2fb", "text": "House of Burgundy The House of Burgundy ( Casa de Borgonha , -LSB- buɾˈɣoɲɐ -RSB- ) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty , descending from Robert I , Duke of Burgundy , a younger son of Robert II of France . The House ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032 -- 1361 . The main line of the dynasty ended with the death in 1361 of Philip I , Duke of Burgundy . His duchy was inherited by John II of France , whose mother had been a member of the House of Burgundy , so the duchy passed to the House of Valois , then the ruling house of France . Notable members of the main line of the House of Burgundy include : Robert I , Duke of Burgundy Henry , Count of Portugal Hugh III , Duke of Burgundy Odo IV , Duke of Burgundy Margaret of Burgundy , the first wife and Queen of Louis X of France Joan the Lame , the first wife and Queen of Philip VI of France Philip I , Duke of Burgundy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b135143641dd338439675fb93d1209f5", "text": "François Villon François Villon ( pronounced -LSB- fʁɑ̃swa vijɔ̃ -RSB- in modern French ; in fifteenth-century French , -LSB- -LSB- frɑnswɛ vilɔn -RSB- -RSB- ) , born in Paris in 1431 and disappeared from view in 1463 , is the best known French poet of the late Middle Ages . A ne'er - do-well who was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities , Villon wrote about some of these experiences in his poems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fcc9381fef6131c85df630724c69f5", "text": "Constance of Aragon, Queen of Sicily Constance of Aragon ( Constança d'Aragó 1343 -- 2/18 July 1363 ) , was the first Queen consort of Frederick III the Simple and she was an infanta of Aragon . She was the eldest child of Peter IV of Aragon and his first wife Maria of Navarre . Her father unsuccessfully proposed her as heir to the throne in early 1347 , in the absence of a male heir . On 8 February 1351 at Perpignan , was performed the betrothal between Constance and Louis I of Anjou , son of King John II of France . However , the marriage never took place . On 11 April 1361 at Catania , Constance married King Frederick III of Sicily . They only had one daughter , Maria ( 2 July 1363 - 25 March 1401 ) , who succeeded her father and married Martin of Aragon . In 1363 Constance died in Catania , Sicily , either from the plague , or following childbirth complications . She is buried in the Cathedral of Catania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a7a9f91ae5bc525c157a80bdc00a63", "text": "Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes ( English : Papal palace , lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan ) is a historical palace in Avignon , southern France , one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe . Once a fortress and palace , the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century . Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais , leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334 , Clement VI in 1342 , Innocent VI in 1352 , Urban V in 1362 , Gregory XI in 1370 and Antipope Benedict XIII in 1394 . The Palais is actually two joined buildings : the old palais of Benedict XII , which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms , and the new palais of Clement VI , the most extravagant of the Avignon popes . Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages , it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style . The construction design was the work of two of France 's best architects , Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena ( Italy ) , Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti . In addition , the papal library housed in the Palais ( the largest in Europe at the time with over 2,000 volumes ) , attracted a group of clerics passionate in the study of `` belle-lettres '' , amongst them the founder of Humanism , Petrarch . At the same time , composers , singers and musicians were drawn to the Great Chapel of the Palais . It was there that Clement VI appreciated the Mass of Notre-Dame of Guillaume de Machaut , there that Philippe de Vitry at the pope 's invitation presented his Ars Nova and there that Johannes Ciconia came to study . Due to its immense size , the Palais was also the place where the general organisation of the Church began to change . It facilitated the centralisation of services and the adaption of operations in order to suit the needs of the papacy , creating a truly central administration for the Church . The manpower of the Curia ( Church administration ) , while 200 at the end of the 13th century , surpassed 300 at the beginning of the 14th century and reached 500 people in 1316 . To this were added over 1,000 lay officials working within the Palais . Despite this , the Palais became obsolete when the papacy found it necessary to return to Rome . The hope of reuniting Latin and Orthodox Christians , along with the achievement of peace in the Papal States in Italy , made the case of returning stronger . Added to that was the strong conviction of both Urban V and Gregory XI that the seat of the papacy could only be the tomb of St Peter . Despite strong opposition from the Court of France and the College of Cardinals , both popes found the means to return to Rome , the first , on 30 April 1362 , the second on 13 September 1370 . This time , the return was absolute . In the following centuries , the Palais lost all of its former glory , despite it serving as the seat of two anti-popes and many cardinals . It retained , however , a `` work of destruction '' aspect that French poets and writers such as Charles Forbes René de Montalembert have referred to over the centuries , with its powerful sense of beauty , simplicity , grandeur and immortality . Since 1995 , the Palais des Papes has been classified , along with the historic center of Avignon , as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , under cultural criteria i , ii and iv .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf53796897080996fbfe93ae1ffbf46", "text": "Maria of Naples Maria of Anjou ( 1290 -- end of April 1346/January 1347 ) was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou who served as Queen of Majorca during her marriage to King Sancho . She was the daughter of Charles II of Naples and his wife , Maria of Hungary . Maria married King Sancho by proxy at Palma de Majorca on 20 September 1304 and in person in 1308 . The marriage produced no children , which threatened the survival of the young independent state . Sancho willed the kingdom to his nephew James to prevent it from falling to the Crown of Aragon , and died in 1324 . Two years after Sancho 's death , Maria married James of Ejerica , a member of the House of Barcelona . She was imprisoned in Jerica in 1331 by King Alfonso IV of Aragon , and was later transferred to Valencia . Her brother , King Robert of Naples , arranged her release , and she left Valencia after June 1337 for Barjals in Provence . Maria died childless in 1346 or 1347 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ca798ac50f737db3033fe3566785c29", "text": "Granada War The Granada War ( Guerra de Granada ) was a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1492 , during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs ( los Reyes Católicos ) Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon , against the Nasrid dynasty 's Emirate of Granada . It ended with the defeat of Granada and its annexation by Castile , ending all Islamic rule on the Iberian peninsula ( al-Andalus ) . The ten-year war was not a continuous effort , but a series of seasonal campaigns launched in spring and broken off in winter . The Granadans were crippled by internal conflict and civil war , while the Christians were generally unified . The war also saw the effective use of artillery by the Christians to rapidly conquer towns that would otherwise have required a long siege . On January 2 , 1492 Muhammad XII of Granada ( King Boabdil ) surrendered the Emirate of Granada , the city of Granada , and the Alhambra palace to the Castilian forces . The war was a joint project between Isabella 's Crown of Castile and Ferdinand 's Crown of Aragon . The bulk of the troops and funds for the war came from Castile , and Granada was annexed into Castile 's lands . The Crown of Aragon was less important : apart from the presence of King Ferdinand himself , Aragon provided naval collaboration , guns , and some financial loans . Aristocrats were offered the allure of new lands , while Ferdinand and Isabella centralized and consolidated power . The aftermath of the war saw the end of convivencia ( `` live and let live '' ) between religions In the Iberian peninsula : the Jews were forced to convert to Christianity or be exiled in 1492 , and by 1501 , all of Granada 's Muslims were obliged to either convert to Christianity , become slaves , or be exiled ; by 1526 this prohibition spread to the rest of Spain . `` New Christians '' ( conversos ) came to be accused of crypto-Islam and crypto-Judaism . Spain would go on to model its national aspirations as the guardian of Christianity and Catholicism . The fall of the Alhambra is still celebrated every year by the City Council of Granada , and the Granada War is considered in traditional Spanish historiography as the final war of the Reconquista . At the same time , and uniquely in the `` Reconquista '' , the Granada War itself is never called `` the reconquest of Granada '' '' , but rather `` the conquest of Granada '' . Granada had never been Christian before the `` reconquista '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d712ac1bba41125aa5bb47d7bf0d2c1f", "text": "Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death . In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation . Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom . Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War . Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4598e8a6e459d06b2ea189171d5d5e7e", "text": "Early modern Europe Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century . Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s , the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487 , the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s , the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 , or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 . The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century Britain . Some of the more notable trends and events of the early modern period included the Reformation and the religious conflicts it provoked ( including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years ' War ) , the rise of capitalism and modern nation states , and European colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c906580814b82cf9a7bb1ec702298256", "text": "Portrait of Isabella of Portugal (van Eyck) __ NOTOC __ Portrait of Isabella of Portugal was a betrothal painting by the Early Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck , one of his earliest works and now lost , known only from copies . It dates to his 1428-29 visit to Portugal on behalf of Philip the Good , when he was sent as part of an embassy to evaluate the then 30-year-old Isabella 's suitability as a bride for Philip . Van Eyck was tasked with bringing back two ( mostly likely a pair were painted to increase the probability that one would make it back to the Netherlands ) faithful representations of her likeness for the duke to evaluate . Because Portugal was ridden with plague , their court was itinerant and the Dutch party met them at the out of way castle of Aviz . Van Eyck spent nine months there , returning successfully to the Netherlands with Isabella as a bride to be ; the couple married on Christmas Day of 1429 . The portrait was executed around the time the preliminary marriage agreement was drawn up , to be sent concurrently to Philip , with the document of agreement . In this it was intended as eyewitness testimony to the `` person of the princess '' , providing independent verification of her identity when she would later travelled to Philip in Burgundy . Portrait of Isabella of Portugal is especially notable for the forward way in which she places her hand over the faux stone parapet . With this gesture Isabella extends her presence out of the pictorial space and into that of the viewer . This illusionistic motif was later developed in his London Léal Souvenir , where the subject 's arm rests on the painting 's lower left frame as if the subject had just suddenly and informally arrived to the sitting and casually positioned herself . This conceit was later and most famously emulated by Petrus Christus 's Portrait of a Carthusian '' 's which placed a fly perched on the faux center lower border of his canvas . Van Eyck had already gone further than this however , and has in this portrait created a number of illusionistic perspectives . From surviving copies it can be deduced that apart from the actual oak frame there were two other ` painted on ' frames , one of which was lettered with gothic inscription to the top , while a faux stone parapet provided support for her hands to rest upon . Van Eyck painted a second portrait during his visit to Portugal , his 1428 Portrait of a Man with a Blue Chaperon . Art historians tend to look to this work to deduce how the Isabella portrait may have looked . The Blue Hood '' painting is rendered in a miniaturist scale , presumably so as to make it easier to ship back to Bruges , so it is reasonable to assume the future Queen 's portrait was of much the same scale . Although the original has been lost and is today known only from a few copies , van Eyck was a renowned and widely copied artist at the time and its probable influence can be seen in paintings of the queen by Rogier van der Weyden as well as in a depiction by an unknown northern artist of the mid-15th century , although both works show Isabella at a much older age . From a copy by an unknown follower , we can see that Isabella is shown directly gazing at the viewer , a highly daring and intimate pose for a betrothal portrait . Although her look is suitably coy , it is obviously intended to be alluring .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "15487dfc3c8c452c9046c052051daed5", "text": "Ramona Marquez Ramona Marquez ( born 24 February 2001 ) is a British child actress from London , best known for her role as Karen Brockman in the BBC One sitcom Outnumbered .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f6550c75b612de5aa860f376e061727a", "text": "Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 was the 15th anniversary of the awards . the show was hosted by Mexican presenters Marco Antonio Regil and Adal Ramones . Juanes , Thalía , Marc Anthony , Pilar Montenegro , Sin Bandera , Banda el Recodo and other Latin music greats gave electrifying performances . In the show , there was 36 awards winners with 135 nominations . In Pop genre , Awards was given for : Album of the Year , Best Male Artist , Best Female Artist , Best Group or duo , Best New Artist and Song of the Year . In Rock Genre : Best Rock Album and Best rock Performer of the Year . In Tropical genre : Best Tropical Album of the Year , Best Tropical Male Artist , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Group or Duo of the Year , Best Tropical New Artist , Tropical Song of the Year , Best Merengue Performance , Best Salsa Performance and Best Traditional Performance . Juanes was the biggest winner of night , took home four awards Best Pop Male Artist , Best Music Video , Best Rock Performance , and Pop Song of the Year . In the Regional Mexican , Pilar Montenegro took three awards for Regional Mexican Song of the Year , Pop Song of the Year ( `` Quitame Ese Hombre '' ) , and for Best Regional Mexican Female Artist . In the tropical genre , Celia Cruz took home with four great awards of the night for Best Salsa Performance , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Song of the year and Tropical Album of the Year . At the night , the greatest performance was a medley of top Latin hits from the last 15 years , performed by the artists that made them famous , including Vikki Carr , Son by Four , Los Ilegales , La Mafia , Luis Enrique , Wilfrido Vargas and Olga Tañón . There was a great tribute to Celia Cruz by the world-famous salsa group `` Fania All-Stars '' , of which Cruz was a member during the 1970s , reunited for an exclusive performance that rocked the house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf51ea88a37c1b3a25d7a2a69f4c4cbb", "text": "Reina de Corazones (album) Reina de Corazones : La Historia is a compilation album from Mexican singer Alejandra Guzmán . Was released on July 31 , 2007 . The album includes singles from the beginnings of Guzman 's career on Melody and Sony BMG from eight of her albums ( no tracks from Bye Mama , Dame tu Amor , Enorme '' and La Guzmán were included . A CD/DVD edition was also released including six videos . This DVD is also available on its own . The title of this album came from the signature song of Alejandra Guzmán of the same title . This compilation peaked at # 22 on the Billboard Top Latin Albums and # 14 in the Top Heatseekers album chart . The cover photography was taken from the sessions for her album Cambio de Piel '' and was taken by Alejandro Cabrera .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c6deadbc826939547a08c85381275a6", "text": "Ramón Montaño Ramón Carlos Montaño Córdova ( born November 8 , 1982 in Ciudad Obregón , Sonora , Mexico ) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Light Welterweight division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac1f5165122ecb0cf620d664d2b8d7ce", "text": "Soraya discography The discography of Soraya , who was a Colombian-American Latin pop singer-songwriter , consists of five studio albums and four compilation albums . Soraya has also released fifteen singles and twelve music videos . Her first album , En Esta Noche/On Nights Like This , was released in 1996 by Universal Music , and was successful across Latin America , the United States and in Germany . Two more albums Torre de Marfil/Wall of Smiles and Cuerpo y Alma/I 'm Yours were released by the same label over the next four years . In 2000 Soraya was diagnosed with breast cancer and took time off from her career to fight the disease . Having seemingly recovered , she moved to EMI Music in 2002 and released Soraya the following year . Her fifth and final studio album El Otro Lado de Mi was released in 2005 , by which point her cancer had returned , and Soraya died in May 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce0570c6a107d9e8a33f9828552b804", "text": "Gilberto Ruiz Valdez Gilberto Ruíz Valdéz ( born 1950 in Havana , Cuba ) is a Cuban-American artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a94e6a0a57e31c1f79b062156413680", "text": "Porno para Ricardo Porno para Ricardo ( Porn for Richard ) is a Cuban rock band founded in 1998 . It is considered to be one of the most visible examples of young Cubans disagreement with the Castro 's rule . Their lyrics are mostly about politics and contemporary Cuban society , and are harshly critical of the Cuban government . Their lyrics are frequently very explicit and strongly critical of Castro . The band was originally well received by the Cuban cultural scene . However , in 2003 Gorki Águila , the leader of the band , was arrested under drugs charges at a music festival in Pinar del Rio . He was imprisoned for 4 years only to be released after serving 2 years in prison . After his release , his lyrics became increasingly political . In March 2004 Gorki was nominated for the British Index on Censorship prize in the category `` Music '' . The critical stance of the group against the regime accelerated only to be prohibited and their website cancelled the same year . In August 2008 Águila was arrested by the Cuban police with the charge of dangerousness , which allows them to detain people whom they think they are likely to commit crimes . The charge carries a penalty of up to four years in prison . He was eventually ordered to pay a $ 30 fine ( 2 months salary ) for the lesser offense of public disorder which he paid after some hesitation in coins , after prosecutors dropped the more serious charge following intense international pressure after broad media coverage . This is an unprecedented event in Cuban jurisprudence ; the communist government is usually strict about punishment given to independent journalists and other dissident voices . The group organizes a small recording studio for other prohibited groups that can not play in Cuba called Paja Recolds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d93f36607b836df00898c9c891f5676", "text": "1999–2000 Real Madrid C.F. season The 1999 -- 2000 season was Real Madrid C.F. 's 69th season in La Liga . This article shows statistics of the club 's players in the season , and also lists all matches that the club played in the 1999 -- 2000 season . This was the season that marked the start of the Vicente del Bosque era of trophy winning at the club , having taken over from John Toshack early in the campaign . The squad was also largely different from the previous squad , with the arrival of Steve McManaman and Nicolas Anelka from the English Premier League , as well as local talents Míchel Salgado , and Iván Helguera , to support the budding young talent of Raúl , Iker Casillas , Fernando Morientes and Guti , as well as the older veterans such as Fernando Hierro and Roberto Carlos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30dcbf3ecdeb2e041e45a601ab8a50d1", "text": "Estrella del Valle Estrella del Valle is a Mexican poet . She was born in Córdoba , Veracruz , in 1971 and studied creative writing at the Writer 's General Society of Mexico ( Sociedad General de Escritores de México , SOGEM ) . In 2000 , she won the Ephraim Huerta National Prize of Poetry for Fábula para los cuervos . Her poems have appeared in the anthology Generación del 2000 , Literatura Mexicana hacia el Tercer Milenio . She currently lives in Los Angeles , California , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a0a64c76e5f2da2802ec1ed308a156b", "text": "Karen Reyes Karen Mae Reyes ( born 17 October 1996 ) is a Filipino actress . On 7 July 2012 , she was declared Second Big Placer of Pinoy Big Brother : Teen Edition 4 . She is a typical teenager in her hometown Calapan , Oriental Mindoro before joining the biggest reality show in the Philippines Pinoy Big Brother and finished as the second teen big placer next to Myrtle Sarrosa . Karen Reyes is currently managed and under contract to Star Magic , ABS-CBN 's home based talent agency . Reyes is currently member of Star Magic Angels with Sarrosa , Aiko Climaco , Hanna Ledesma , Jed Montero and Shey Bustamante .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92549284a8289a2f533c5b674a81ee91", "text": "Gabriela Palacio Gabriela Palacio Díaz de León ( born March 28 , 1989 ) is a Mexican singer , model and beauty pageant titleholder who obtained the 2010 Nuestra Belleza Internacional México title . A marketing student from Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , Gabriela Palacio was designated to participate in the 2010 Nuestra Belleza México contest , held September 25 , 2010 in Saltillo , Coahuila . The 21-year-old was crowned Nuestra Belleza Internacional México by Anagabriela Espinoza , the outgoing national titleholder and reigning Miss International 2009 . She is the first delegate from her state to obtain a national title from the Nuestra Belleza México organization . Palacio competed in the 50th Miss International pageant , held on November 7 , 2010 in Chengdu , China where she won the Miss Photogenic award . She previously won the 2009 Reina Nacional de la Feria de San Marcos contest . On August 3 , 2011 it was announced by the Nuestra Belleza Mexico organization that Palacio would represent her country in the 61st Miss World pageant , held on November 6 , 2011 after Cynthia de la Vega was dethroned . Gabriela Palacio participated in the successful Musical `` Anjou , a tale of horror '' 2009-2010 . This TJMC ( Thomas Jefersson Musical Theatre Company ) musical has been presented in New York Musical Theatre Festival and China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0246b7ed8f112c536bc7d15a68347016", "text": "Yolanda Pérez Yolanda Pérez ( born May 20 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in banda music . She is sometimes known by the stage name `` La Potranquita '' , ( Spanish : `` little filly '' ) , a name taken by her father from his home city of Zacatecas , Mexico . Perez was born in Los Angeles , California . Her family later moved to Montclair , California . She graduated from Montclair High School in 2001 . When she was 11 years old , Perez won a music contest held in the Los Angeles-area Lynwood . As part of the prize package , she recorded an album that launched her musical career . She has since recorded several more albums . Her career was especially enhanced when she signed with the Fonovisa label , part of the Univision Music Group . Perez followed in the footsteps of her father and grandparents who were also exponents of banda music . Her minor-label albums exhibited all the traditional characteristics of banda , but from Déjenme Llorar ( 2003 ) onwards she has combined the banda sound with modern elements such as rap as well as introducing set-piece dialogues into some tracks . Her music also shows other influences from hip hop and R&B artists - this has led her to include Spanglish phrasing in some lyrics , such as in the duet Estoy Enamorada with Don Cheto . Perez therefore , while continuing to exemplify traditional banda , has placed her own stamp and interpretation on this genre . In 2005 , Pérez was nominated for an Urban Artist of the Year award at the 17th Lo Nuestro Awards . Perez has also performed public service announcements and has been involved with other charitable work . In 2006 she volunteered to help with the `` Got Milk '' campaign , explaining that Latin American women tend to worry about outer beauty but need to also focus on their diet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95a74e7aade816ef1c5d4592d1906b46", "text": "2000–01 La Liga The 2000 -- 01 La Liga season , the 70th since its establishment , started on 9 September 2000 and finished on 17 June 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce4b826a2452be0cbe8a7818a1ccc84", "text": "Christell Christell Jazmín Rodriguez Carrillo ( Talcahuano , January 2 , 1998 ) is a Chilean child singer . She became known in the popular Chilean TV Show called `` Rojo Fama Contrafama '' imitating to the young singer Maria Jose Quintanilla in a contest . She has recorded three albums since then . She was nominated for the Grammy Latino by her second record production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ced91facc1c7e8bba3a4b2adebcf5a", "text": "Miss Colombia 2000 Miss Colombia 2000 , the 66th Miss Colombia pageant , was held in Cartagena de Indias , Colombia , on November 12 , 2000 , after three weeks of events . The winner of the pageant was Andrea María Noceti Gómez , Miss Cartagena de Indias . The pageant was broadcast live on RCN TV from the Centro de Convenciones Julio Cesar Turbay in Cartagena de Indias , Colombia . At the conclusion of the final night of competition , outgoing titleholder Catalina Inés Acosta Albarracín crowned Andrea María Noceti Gómez of Cartagena de Indias as the new Miss Colombia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b24f4f0e0eec2504b31871256ed057e4", "text": "Karina Mora Karina Mora ( born 17 November 1980 ) is a Mexican actress . She has appeared in various telenovelas ( e.g. , Pecadora and ¿ Dónde Está Elisa ? ) and more than fifteen films since 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f278b9fc63a5c4e48fbabd43054268a4", "text": "Miss Universe Dominicana 2000 Miss Universe Dominicana 2000 was held on March 25 , 2000 . There were 54 candidates , representing provinces and municipalities , who entered . The winner would represent the Dominican Republic at Miss Universe 2000 . The Miss Mundo Dominicana would enter Miss World 2000 . The Miss Internacional Dominicana would enter in Miss International 2000 . The first runner-up would enter in Miss Tropical International 2000 . The second runner-up would enter in Reinado Internacional del Café 2000 . The rest of finalists entered different pageants . This edition would be the last edition to select Top 20 quarter finalist in the history of Miss Dominican Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ded8e6b67adfb1e3f8c7845e1ebb768c", "text": "Corazones (song) Corazones ( Eng. : Hearts ) is a song written by Ana Torroja , Lanfranco Ferrario , Massimo Grillo and Miguel Bosé . The song is a live recording taken from GiraDos En Concierto , an album released by Bosé and Torroja in 2000 . Is the only new song included on the setlist of a very successful worldwide tour by both performers . The track was later included on Torroja 's compilation album Essential in 2004 and in 2007 on Bosé 's Papito Special Edition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e50c9956e119ced7c8b9b6d10d6ff4e9", "text": "Ramona (1988 TV series) Ramona is a Canadian children 's television series which followed the life of eight-year-old title character Ramona Quimby ( Sarah Polley ) . It was based on the Ramona book series by Beverly Cleary . The television series debuted on September 10 , 1988 , and its ten episodes spanned four months . It aired on CBC Television in Canada and on PBS in the United States . The TV series was released on video by Lorimar Home Video , but when Lorimar Home Video was acquired by Warner Communications , video releases were then released by Warner Home Video . Eight-year-old Ramona Quimby ( Sarah Polley ) feels that no one really understands her . She 's bright , imaginative , and according to her older sister , Beezus , a `` pest '' . Every day she tries to find out more about herself and her world , with an optimism that only children possess . The series follows Ramona 's adventures in school and at home as her family struggles with financial woes and the coming of a new baby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed3e5cd989ca68df6950ca0c764e515", "text": "Yuna (singer) Yunalis Mat Zara'ai , professionally known as Yuna , is a Malaysian singer-songwriter and businesswoman . Born and raised in Kedah and Selangor , she began writing songs at age 14 . She soon taught herself to play guitar , and by 2006 , in need of a creative outlet while attending law school , performed for an audience for the first time . Yuna offered her music on her MySpace page , which received over one million plays . This online success tipped off the Indie-Pop label/management company to her music , and in early 2011 she signed with the Fader label . Joined by guitarist Pa'an , bassist Efry Arwis , and drummer Adib Azfar ( and later , Adil Ali ) , Yuna made her recorded debut album in Malaysia in 2008 with a self-titled EP , which went on to snag five Malaysian Music Awards nominations ( the Malaysian equivalent of the Grammy ) . She took home four trophies , including Best New Artist and Best Song ( for the breakout hit `` Dan Sebenarnya '' ) . The Decorate ( EP ) followed two years later ( and was released stateside in spring 2011 ) . Decorate included the viral hit `` Rocket , '' which won raves from Billboard magazine , indie rock radio station KEXP , and hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons , as well as ink in SPIN 's Eight Bands You Need to Hear Now . On the performance end , Yuna was nominated as one of MTV Iggy 's Best New Bands in the World in 2011 , and she marked the occasion by playing at the historic MTV Studios . A new single , `` Live Your Life '' ( 2012 ) , produced by Pharrell Williams , was a preamble to her self-titled full-length debut , which arrived that April . That summer , Yuna appeared at Lollapalooza . In 2013 , Yuna returned with the album Nocturnal , featuring the single `` Falling . '' In February 2016 , Yuna previewed her third album with the release of `` Places to Go , '' a single produced by hip-hop legend DJ Premier . The full album , Chapters , was released three months later . In December 2016 , her album Chapters broke into the Top 10 of the Billboard Best R&B Albums Of 2016 : Critic 's Pick . Chapters ranked at No. 7 out of 10 best R&B albums of the year . Yuna received an award for the Most Successful Malaysian Singer from The Malaysia Books Of Record . Chapters was also nominated in the Top 20 Best R&B Albums Of 2016 by the Rolling Stone magazine . Yuna got invited as special guest to perform on stage in 2016 Soul Train Music Awards ( US ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc9edf76cba9b1d67dfe3de7ea7cb599", "text": "José Ramón Medina José Ramón Medina Elorga ( San Francisco de Macaira , Guárico , 20 July 1919 - Caracas , 14 June 2010 ) , was a Venezuelan lawyer , writer , poet and politician .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5aad5fdb658b00ff706c0ca41ae08075", "text": "Samuel L. Jackson Samuel Leroy Jackson ( born December 21 , 1948 ) is an American actor and film producer . He achieved prominence and critical acclaim in the early 1990s with films such as Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , Patriot Games ( 1992 ) , Amos & Andrew ( 1993 ) , True Romance ( 1993 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) and his collaborations with director Quentin Tarantino including Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , and The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) . He is a highly prolific actor , having appeared in over 100 films , including Die Hard with a Vengeance ( 1995 ) , Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , Shaft ( 2000 ) , The 51st State ( 2001 ) , Black Snake Moan ( 2006 ) , Snakes on a Plane ( 2006 ) , and the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( 1999 -- 2005 ) , as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe . With Jackson 's permission , his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury . He later cameoed as the character in a post-credits scene from Iron Man ( 2008 ) , and went on to sign a nine-film commitment to reprise this role in future films , including major roles in Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Marvel 's The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and minor roles in Thor ( 2011 ) and Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) . He has also portrayed the character in the second and final episodes of the first season of the TV show Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. . He has provided his voice to several animated films , television series and video games , including the roles of Lucius Best / Frozone in Pixar Animation Studios ' film The Incredibles ( 2004 ) , Mace Windu in Star Wars : The Clone Wars ( 2008 ) , Afro Samurai in the anime television series Afro Samurai ( 2007 ) , and Frank Tenpenny in the video game Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas ( 2004 ) . Jackson has achieved critical and commercial acclaim , surpassing Frank Welker as the actor with the highest-grossing film total of all time in October 2011 , and he has received numerous accolades and awards . He is married to LaTanya Richardson , with whom he has a daughter , Zoe . Samuel L. Jackson is ranked as the highest all-time box office star with over $ 4.9053 billion total box office gross , an average of $ 69.1 million per film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ca94caafc718c2c53580877ff30ec47c", "text": "Spy Hard Spy Hard is a 1996 American spy comedy film parody starring Leslie Nielsen and Nicollette Sheridan , parodying James Bond films and other action films . The introduction to the movie is sung by comedy artist `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is the first film to be written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . The film 's title is a pun of Die Hard . The film is directed by Rick Friedberg and produced by Doug Draizin and Jeffery Knovitz . The film was released by Buena Vista Pictures on May 24 , 1996 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics . While many praised Nielsen 's acting and its humor , most found the script , story and its direction lame . The film eventually grossed $ 26 million against a production budget of $ 18 million , making it a relative success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "febc52f2f1329ccee0fc962e3fb24ccc", "text": "Jonathan Hensleigh Jonathan Blair Hensleigh ( born February 1959 ) is an American screenwriter and film director , working primarily in the action-adventure genre , best known for writing film such as Jumanji , Die Hard with a Vengeance , and Armageddon , as well as making his own directorial debut with the 2004 comic book action film The Punisher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd666059a1475c42e531a3b54b3dbcd", "text": "Death Warrant (film) Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark DiSalle . The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC , and was Goyer 's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially . In the film , the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders , and finds himself locked up with his arch-nemesis ; Christian Naylor , a psychotic serial killer who calls himself `` The Sandman '' whom sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison . Death Warrant was released on September 14 , 1990 . Upon its release , the film grossed $ 46 million against production budget of only $ 6 million . The film received general mixed to poor critical reaction from critics who found the direction , its storyline , villain , and the plot poor , but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63fc0bc52c53e7d8ec70b3f3c2c9d7eb", "text": "Strong Arm Steady Strong Arm Steady , often referred to as SAS , is a hip hop group in California 's underground hip hop scene . As of December 2009 , the act consists of members Mitchy Slick of San Diego , California , and ( both of Los Angeles ) Phil Da Agony and probably the most visually distinct member , Krondon , who is albinistic . Originally an amorphous collective of at least eight , formed as an alternative to the gang-focused productions of West Coast rap 's then-dominant Death Row Records , SAS pared down to four members for recording in the studio and performing live , with Xzibit as the frontman . Since he left the group in 2006 , the three remaining members have been a stable trio . Over the years they have recorded many mixtapes and have distributed them all over the world . `` Speaking directly to their fans , '' they were West Coast pioneers in the use of mixtapes as a group 's principal method of distribution and marketing , a model necessitated by their neither being DJs nor closely affiliated with a DJ , and a method already proven on the East Coast by 50 Cent and others in the early 2000s . Talib Kweli signed Strong Arm Steady to his Blacksmith Records label in 2007 . The group released a collaboration with producer Madlib , In Search of Stoney Jackson , with a roster of guest vocalists including studio head Talib Kweli , former SAS member Planet Asia , Guilty Simpson , Phonte ( of Little Brother ) , Fashawn , and `` a host of underground Los Angeles 's emerging rap talent '' . Stoney Jackson , as it has been called for short , was released online as MP3 files in December 2009 through Stones Throw Records , with a CD release date of January 26 , 2010 . The album was named one of the best albums of 2010 by numerous media outlets including AllHipHop and on the blog of famed producer DJ Premier . Their album Arms & Hammers was released on February 22 , 2011 by Blacksmith Records and Element 9 and distributed by Fontana Distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb4eea846a696a6c2abe4f24492f0ef9", "text": "Arena (2011 film) Arena is a 2011 independent action film starring Kellan Lutz , Samuel L. Jackson , Derek Mears , and Daniel Dae Kim . The film revolves around an illegal web show pitting fighters against each other in a gladitorial combat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9db35529c1710a924c47b8bba9259787", "text": "Dark Vengeance (film) Dark Vengeance is a 1993 action/Science fiction film directed by Faruque Ahmed , written by Faruque Ahmed and Ronald D. Herbst , starring James Lew and Michael Standing . The film is also known under the title `` Warlords 3000 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e24faf8a9c7e70dd05cb3927a7fccb3", "text": "Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations . In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec7d7d1983f9aa7d27643e536e9e821", "text": "The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery ( also called The St. Louis Bank Robbery , the film title in the opening credits ) is a 1959 heist film . The film stars Steve McQueen as a college dropout hired to be the getaway driver in a bank robbery . The film is based on a 1953 bank robbery attempt of Southwest Bank in St. Louis . The film was shot on location in St. Louis in 1958 with some of the men and women from the St. Louis Police Department , as well as local residents and bank employees , playing the same parts they did in the actual robbery attempt . Steve McQueen was quite unknown when filming began , because he would get the role of Josh Randall in the famous TV series Wanted Dead or Alive only some months later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ba92f6d404257150d1a9259cef3910", "text": "The Avenger (1931 film) The Avenger is a 1931 Western directed by Roy William Neill , starring Buck Jones and Dorothy Revier . The film is loosely based on the exploits of legendary Mexican bandit Joaquin Murrieta , who , in the mid-19th century , went to California and , according to the legend , swore vengeance against Americans and began of a series of robberies in the mining country after being discriminated against by white men . The Avenger was remade in 1942 as Vengeance of the West , directed by Lambert Hillyer and starring Bill Elliott and Tex Ritter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba186929e6828a958a1954e070a7651c", "text": "Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions . The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "193b1c1cc03e65e349dca149fb7456af", "text": "Ms. 45 Ms. 45 , also known as Angel of Vengeance , is a 1981 American exploitation thriller film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Zoë Tamerlis Lund . Inspired by films such as 1973 's Thriller -- A Cruel Picture and 1974 's Death Wish , the film is a rape and revenge story about Thana , a mute woman who becomes a misandristic spree killer after she is raped twice in one day when going home from work . It was critically maligned on its theatrical release , but is now generally highly regarded among fans of underground and independent film . It was acquired by Alamo Drafthouse Films in October 2013 and remastered in HD from the original negatives . The distributor released the film on Blu-ray , DVD , and digital copy in March 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704df7fba03cd1b36a2d74025c745f77", "text": "Rules of Engagement (film) Rules of Engagement is a 2000 American war film directed by William Friedkin , written by Jim Webb and starring Tommy Lee Jones and Samuel L. Jackson . Jackson plays U.S. Marine Colonel Terry Childers , who is brought to court-martial after men under Childers ' orders kill a large number of civilians outside the U.S. embassy in Yemen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f2b308d0d171a0efe5bc90b5446344", "text": "Robert Duvall Robert Selden Duvall ( -LSB- duːˈvɔːl -RSB- born January 5 , 1931 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards ( winning for his performance in Tender Mercies ) , seven Golden Globes ( winning four ) , and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Award , and Emmy Award . He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005 . Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series , including To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , The Twilight Zone ( 1963 ) , The Outer Limits ( 1964 ) , Bullitt ( 1968 ) , True Grit ( 1969 ) , MASH ( 1970 ) , THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , Joe Kidd ( 1972 ) , The Godfather ( 1972 ) , The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , The Conversation ( 1974 ) , Network ( 1976 ) , Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) , The Great Santini ( 1979 ) , Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , The Handmaid 's Tale ( 1990 ) , Rambling Rose ( 1991 ) , and Falling Down ( 1993 ) . Duvall began appearing in theatre during the late 1950s , moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s , playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) and appearing in Captain Newman , M.D. ( 1963 ) . He landed many of his most famous roles during the early 1970s , such as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy MASH ( 1970 ) and the lead role in THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , as well as Horton Foote 's adaptation of William Faulkner 's Tomorrow ( 1972 ) , which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall 's personal favorite . This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films . Since then , Duvall has continued to act in both film and television with such productions as Tender Mercies ( 1983 ) , The Natural ( 1984 ) , Colors ( 1988 ) , the television mini-series Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , Stalin ( 1992 ) , The Man Who Captured Eichmann ( 1996 ) , A Family Thing ( 1996 ) , The Apostle ( 1997 ) , A Civil Action ( 1998 ) , Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , Gods and Generals ( 2003 ) , Secondhand Lions ( 2003 ) , Broken Trail ( 2006 ) , Get Low ( 2010 ) , Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , and The Judge ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4447f737ba4387b5527c073c2dbfd45", "text": "Die Hardest (film)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e53cfede627f8cbb57d13ba14ca818", "text": "Commando (1985 film) Commando is a 1985 American action film directed by Mark L. Lester , and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rae Dawn Chong . The film was released in the United States on October 4 , 1985 . The film was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Special Effects but lost to Back to the Future . The film 's score was provided by James Horner . A critical and commercial success , Commando was the 7th highest-grossing R-rated movie of 1985 worldwide , and the 25th highest-grossing overall .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c6bf8b5c6053a998a4e68ab61ca19c77", "text": "Elizabeth II Elizabeth II ( Elizabeth Alexandra Mary ; born 21 April 1926 ) has been Queen of the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand since 6 February 1952 . She is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession : Jamaica , Barbados , the Bahamas , Grenada , Papua New Guinea , Solomon Islands , Tuvalu , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Belize , Antigua and Barbuda , and Saint Kitts and Nevis . Elizabeth was born in London as the elder child of the Duke and Duchess of York , later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth , and she was educated privately at home . Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936 , from which time she was the heir presumptive . She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War , serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service . In 1947 , she married Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , a former prince of Greece and Denmark , with whom she has four children : Charles , Prince of Wales ; Anne , Princess Royal ; Prince Andrew , Duke of York ; and Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex . Elizabeth 's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes . She has seen major constitutional changes , such as devolution in the United Kingdom , Canadian patriation , and the decolonisation of Africa . She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms . She is the world 's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain 's longest-lived . In 2015 , she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother , Queen Victoria , to become the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in world history . In October 2016 , she became the longest currently reigning monarch and head of state following the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand . Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children , her coronation in 1953 , and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver , Golden , and Diamond Jubilees in 1977 , 2002 , and 2012 , respectively . In 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee . Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father in 1952 at age 56 ; the assassination of Prince Philip 's uncle Lord Mountbatten in 1979 ; the breakdown of her children 's marriages in 1992 ( her annus horribilis ) ; the death in 1997 of her son 's former wife , Diana , Princess of Wales ; and the deaths of her mother and sister in 2002 . Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the royal family ; however , support for the monarchy remains high , as does her personal popularity .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bcf21ebc186d744193de8a19d62d00a7", "text": "List of heads of state of Uganda This is a list of the heads of state of Uganda , from the independence of Uganda in 1962 to the present day . From 1962 to 1963 , the head of state under the Uganda Independence Act 1962 was the Queen of Uganda , Elizabeth II , who was also the monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms . The Queen was represented in Uganda by a governor-general . Uganda became a republic under the Constitution of 1963 , when the monarch and governor-general were replaced by an executive president .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4388d46d427f298ac24fd6446b930c3e", "text": "Mauritius (Commonwealth realm) The Commonwealth realm of Mauritius , officially known as `` Mauritius '' , was a predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Mauritius and an independent state that existed between 1968 and 1992 . When British rule ended in 1968 , the Mauritius Independence Act 1968 transformed the British Crown Colony of Mauritius into an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm . The British monarch , Elizabeth II , remained head of state . Mauritius shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms . The monarch 's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Mauritius . The royal succession was governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701 . During the Commonwealth realm phase , the following governors-general held office : Sir John Shaw Rennie ( 12 March -- 27 August 1968 ) Sir Michel Rivalland ( 27 August -- 3 September 1968 ) Sir Leonard Williams ( 3 September 1968 -- 27 December 1972 ) Sir Raman Osman ( 27 December 1972 -- 31 October 1977 ) Sir Henry Garrioch ( 31 October 1977 -- 26 April 1979 ) Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay ( 26 April 1979 -- 28 December 1983 ) Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam ( 28 December 1983 -- 15 December 1985 ) Sir Cassam Moollan ( 15 December 1985 -- 17 January 1986 ) ( acting ) Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo ( 17 January 1986 -- 12 March 1992 ) Seewoosagur Ramgoolam and then Sir Anerood Jugnauth held office as Prime Minister of Mauritius . Elizabeth II visited Mauritius 24 -- 26 March 1972 in her capacity as Queen of Mauritius . The Republic of Mauritius was proclaimed on 12 March 1992 . It is the most recent former Commonwealth realm to become a republic within the Commonwealth . Following the abolition of the monarchy , the last Governor General of Mauritius , Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo became the first President of Mauritius .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ba99564c10b31cb89cb4b8eb7a7a21", "text": "Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person , currently Elizabeth II , as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch , but retains a crown legally distinct from the other realms . As of 2017 , there are 16 Commonwealth realms : Antigua and Barbuda , Australia , Barbados , Belize , Canada , Grenada , Jamaica , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Solomon Islands , The Bahamas , Tuvalu and the United Kingdom . The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions -- named therein as Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the Union of South Africa , the Irish Free State , and Newfoundland -- to have full or nearly full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations , having , together with the United Kingdom , one person as the sovereign of each . Subsequently , India and Pakistan ( both in 1947 ) and Ceylon ( in 1948 ) became Dominions . By the early 1950s , in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group , each ( including the United Kingdom , but not the former Irish Free State and India , which had by that time become republics ) came to be known as a realm . The word was formally used in Britain 's proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries . The principle was applied to other countries as they became Commonwealth realms , having sovereign status granted directly . The phrase Commonwealth realm , though used officially , is not a statutory term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e21da5415e4db6432fe54fc5461b3bb", "text": "Politics of Wales Politics in Wales forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom , with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom ( UK ) . Constitutionally , the United Kingdom is de jure a unitary state with one sovereign parliament and government . However , under a system of devolution ( or home rule ) adopted in the late 1990s three of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland , voted for limited self-government , subject to the ability of the UK Parliament in Westminster , nominally at will , to amend , change , broaden or abolish the national governmental systems . As such the National Assembly for Wales ( Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru ) is not de jure sovereign . Executive power in the United Kingdom is vested in the Queen-in-Council , while legislative power is vested in the Queen-in-Parliament ( the Crown and the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster in London ) . The Government of Wales Act 1998 established devolution in Wales , and certain executive and legislative powers have been constitutionally delegated to the National Assembly for Wales . The scope of these powers was further widened by the Government of Wales Act 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f080e4ef7d3f87dfafa68c0bdd2e464", "text": "Malawi (Commonwealth realm) Malawi was a predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Malawi . It existed between 1964 and 1966 . When British rule ended in 1964 , by the Malawi Independence Act 1964 , the Nyasaland Protectorate , formerly a constituent of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland , became an independent Commonwealth realm . The British monarch was head of state . Malawi shared the sovereign , Queen Elizabeth II , with the other Commonwealth realms . The monarch 's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Malawi , Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones ( 6 July 1964 -- 6 July 1966 ) . The royal succession was governed by the same rules as the succession to the British throne . Elizabeth II did not reside in or visit Malawi in the 1960s but she did visit in 1979 ( 22 -- 25 July ) as Head of the Commonwealth . Hastings Banda held office as prime minister ( and head of government ) of Malawi during this period . Following the abolition of the monarchy , the Republic of Malawi came into existence on 6 July 1966 and Banda became the first President of Malawi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65db15b7b1b6d8061b34c5578b25d138", "text": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference The 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations . It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister 's conference held in January 1952 . The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States ' surging role in the world . The principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars , the future of the Pound sterling area , and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference , particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain 's economic position . This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth , with the exception of Canada , had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves . Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an `` agreement in platitudes '' . British concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia , New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain 's demand for a voice in ANZUS . In addition , Commonwealth prime ministers , after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles , it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth `` should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all '' and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments . The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen , Elizabeth II , Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father , George VI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f12b27ba766a69a17800e77858b1c40", "text": "Home Secretary Her Majesty 's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department , normally referred to as the Home Secretary , is a senior official as one of the Great Offices of State within Her Majesty 's Government and head of the Home Office . The office is a British Cabinet level position . The Home Secretary is responsible for the internal affairs of England and Wales , and for immigration and citizenship for the United Kingdom . The remit of the Home Office also includes policing in England and Wales and matters of national security , as the Security Service , MI5 , is directly accountable to the Home Secretary . Formerly , the Home Secretary was the minister responsible for prisons and probation in England and Wales ; however , in 2005 those responsibilities were transferred to the newly created Ministry of Justice under the Lord Chancellor . The current Home Secretary is Amber Rudd , appointed formally by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of her Prime Minister Theresa May on 13 July 2016 . Mrs. May had been the previous incumbent , appointed on 12 May 2010 by Prime Minister , David Cameron , to serve in the Conservative -- Liberal Democrat coalition government . May was reappointed by Cameron on 8 May 2015 to serve as Home Secretary in the Conservative government . She stood down from this role on 13 July 2016 upon assuming the office of Prime Minister , succeeding Cameron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "010bf990a7fdfcd70ee29e8d654e3d2e", "text": "List of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1980–99 This is a complete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1980 -- 1999 . Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801 ; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland ) . For Acts passed up until 1707 see List of Acts of the Parliament of England and List of Acts of the Parliament of Scotland . For Acts passed from 1707 to 1800 see List of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain . See also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland . For Acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom , see the List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament from 1999 , the List of Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and the List of Acts and Measures of the National Assembly for Wales ; see also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland . The number shown after each Act 's title is its chapter number . Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number , preceded by the year ( s ) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held ; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as `` 39 & 40 Geo . 3 c. 67 '' , meaning the 67th Act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign . Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations ( thus `` 41 Geo . 3 '' rather than `` 41 Geo . III '' ) . Note also that Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as `` 41 Geo . 3 '' . Acts passed from 1963 onwards are simply cited by calendar year and chapter number . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4182a7525b8c515de33bed895515ea", "text": "Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne ( 6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 . On 1 May 1707 , under the Acts of Union , two of her realms , the kingdoms of England and Scotland , united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain . She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death . Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II , who had no legitimate children . Her father , James , was first in line to the throne . His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England , and on Charles 's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican . Three years after he succeeded Charles , James was deposed in the `` Glorious Revolution '' of 1688 . Anne 's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife , Anne 's elder sister Mary II . Although the sisters had been close , disagreements over Anne 's finances , status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary 's accession and they became estranged . William and Mary had no children . After Mary 's death in 1694 , William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702 . As queen , Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians , who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents , the Whigs . The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession , until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office . Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , turned sour as the result of political differences . Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life . From her thirties onwards , she grew increasingly lame and obese . Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband , Prince George of Denmark , she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart . Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 , she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover , who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother , Elizabeth , a daughter of James VI and I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e41bfebc99d55bae53becb9b34506218", "text": "Absence of King William Act 1689 The Absence of King William Act 1689 ( 2 Will . & Mar. c. 6 ) was an Act of the Parliament of England which stated that Queen Mary II was to govern England whenever her husband , King William III , was absent from England . ( It did not apply to Scotland or Ireland . ) The Act was passed because , following the Glorious Revolution , the Bill of Rights had enacted that although William and Mary were to reign as joint monarchs ( with Mary as a queen regnant , not a mere consort ) , William alone was to exercise the actual power of government . However William intended to travel to Ireland , and so another Act was necessary to provide for the administration of the kingdom while he was abroad . The Act declared that `` whensoever and as often as it shall happen that his said Majestie shall be absent or continue out of this Realme of England It shall and may be lawfull for the Queens Majestie to exercise and administer the Regall Power and Government of the Kingdome of England Dominion of Wales and Towne of Berwicke-upon-Tweede and the Plantations and Territories thereunto belonging in the Names of both their Majestyes for such time onely dureing their joynt Lives as his said Majestie shall be absent or continue out of this Realme of England any thing in the said Act -LSB- the Bill of Rights -RSB- to the contrary notwithstanding '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b8d0fdf75e26b95ec3f58724e557690", "text": "Queen of Guyana Elizabeth II was Queen of Guyana from 1966 to 1970 , when Guyana was independent sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy . She was also the Sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms , including the United Kingdom . Her constitutional roles were delegated to the Governor-General of Guyana . The Crown colony of British Guiana became an independent country called Guyana on 26 March 1966 . Its new constitution provided for the country to become a republic after 45 months by a majority vote in the House of Assembly . Exactly 45 months from independence , Guyana became a republic within the Commonwealth , with the President of Guyana as head of state . The Queen visited the country twice : in 1966 shortly before independence ( 4 -- 5 February ) and in 1994 ( 19 -- 22 February ) . Both trips were part of a Caribbean tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "035cc9af370a75a6e75675386dfcd211", "text": "Queen of the Gambia Elizabeth II was Queen of the Gambia from 1965 to 1970 , when the Gambia was a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations . The Queen was also the monarch of the other Commonwealth realms , including the United Kingdom . Her constitutional roles in the Gambia were delegated to a Governor-General . The Gambia was granted independence in 1965 under the Parliament of the United Kingdom 's Gambia Independence Act 1964 , which unified the Gambia Colony and Protectorate into an independent sovereign state . After two referenda on constitutional amendments , the first unsuccessful because it did not pass by the necessary two-thirds majority and the second successful , the Gambia adopted a new constitution that abolished the monarchy on 24 April 1970 . The Gambia became a republic within the Commonwealth , with the President of Gambia as head of state . The Queen visited the Gambia on 3 -- 5 December 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "920608f0085a6bb66095c76e50d585fc", "text": "Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition (United Kingdom) Her Majesty 's Most Loyal Opposition , or the Official Opposition , in the United Kingdom is led by the Leader of the Opposition . This is usually the political party with the second-largest number of seats in the House of Commons , as the largest party will usually form Her Majesty 's Government . Since May 2010 , the Official Opposition has been the Labour Party , currently led by Jeremy Corbyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d4ce90546a5a6f135201d76e1219963", "text": "2012 British cabinet reshuffle British prime minister David Cameron conducted the first major reshuffle of his coalition government on 4 September 2012 . The reshuffle , nearly two and a half years after the government was sworn in , was highly anticipated , and eschewed the trend of annual reshuffles which had become common under the governments of the 1990s and 2000s . As a result , many ministers had been in place not just since the government was elected in 2010 , but had covered the portfolio in Cameron 's shadow cabinet or even earlier ; Andrew Lansley had covered the health brief since 2004 , when Michael Howard led the Conservatives in opposition . Despite this , Cameron 's room to manoeuvre was limited by his coalition agreement with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg 's Liberal Democrats , which guaranteed the minority party seats in government , and Clegg the right to select his ministers . Further , Cameron 's personal aversion to reshuffles and belief that ministers were most effective when given time at a department led to him viewing many cabinet members , including the holders of the Great Offices of State , as immovable . The reshuffle , which was criticised by the opposition for resulting in a cabinet with only four female members out of twenty-two , ultimately shifted Cameron 's government significantly to the right on business , justice , and the environment , and rid the government of perceived weaknesses , while maintaining stability at the top . In an official statement , Number 10 stated that the impetus for the reshuffle was the fact that after more than two years , the government was `` at the delivery phase '' and that ministers had `` been appointed with that in mind '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "343faa2922f0d3ecf5ab80e64fa2eed2", "text": "State funerals in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom , a state funeral is usually reserved for a monarch . The last such funeral was held in 1952 for King George VI . In addition , very exceptionally , a state funeral may be held to honour a highly distinguished figure , with the approval of the monarch and with Parliament 's approval ( of the expenditure of public funds ) . This last happened in 1965 for Sir Winston Churchill . Other funerals ( including those of senior members of the Royal Family and high-ranking public figures ) may share many of the characteristics of a state funeral without being gazetted as such ; for these , the term ` ceremonial funeral ' is used . In the 21st century , the funerals of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ( 2002 ) and Baroness Thatcher ( 2013 ) have fallen into this category . Along with the funeral service itself ( which will be a large-scale national occasion ) , these events tend to be characterized by the use of a gun carriage to transport the coffin between locations , accompanied by a procession of military bands and detachments along with mourners and other officials . They may also feature a lying in state and other associated ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7100993df8ba067288ea043e3cf7392d", "text": "Descent of Elizabeth II from William the Conqueror This list shows the most senior line of descent of Elizabeth II , the current British Sovereign , from William I. Each person on the list is the son or daughter of the person above him or her on the list . There are many other more junior lines of descent of the family , but the crown , in theory at least , only descends through the most senior line ( a major exception being the exclusion of the genealogically senior Jacobite succession by the Act of Settlement 1701 ) . Owing to extinct lines , large parts of entire royal houses ( Lancaster , Tudor , Stuart ) are bypassed in the current most senior line . The numbers can be used to calculate the number of generations between two individuals on this list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "78dee0a6546b747678955dd96db07958", "text": "War of the Worlds (2005 film) War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction disaster film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp , loosely based on the novel of the same title by H. G. Wells . It stars Tom Cruise , Dakota Fanning , Justin Chatwin , Miranda Otto and Tim Robbins , with narration by Morgan Freeman . In the film , an American dock worker is forced to look after his children , from whom he lives separately , as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with towering war machines . The film was shot in 73 days , using five different sound stages as well as locations in California , Connecticut , New Jersey , New York , and Virginia . The film was surrounded by a secrecy campaign so few details would be leaked before its release . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Hitachi . The film was released in the United States on June 29 and in United Kingdom on July 1 . War of the Worlds was a box office success , and became 2005 's fourth most successful film both domestically , with $ 234 million in North America , and $ 591 million overall . At the time of release , it was the highest-grossing film starring Tom Cruise .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dec61e7899817a495da74f12dda9f081", "text": "World Film Company The World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company , organized in 1914 in Fort Lee , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "627a4edadbeeb1c0151621756c1fe57b", "text": "Men of war Men of war may refer to : Man-of-war , a type of wooden warship Men of War , a real-time tactics game for the PC released in 2009 Men of War ( series ) Men of War ( film ) , a 1994 film starring Dolph Lundgren Men of War a 1993 novel by Jerry Pournelle Men of War ( comics ) , a series of comic books published by DC Comics", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024474d41f073d010362ddc4ac097f50", "text": "What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US Army Pictoral Service in 1944 . It documents the taking of the Marshall Islands while also encouraging increased war production . The film opens with the narrator asking `` What makes a battle ? '' while the camera is focusing on shipments of industrial transports , `` This is what it takes to make a battle . '' This statement sets up the dual nature of the entire film . War supplies are pouring in from every part of the country , from every type of American `` Republican and Democrat , white and colored . '' Industrial production is the backbone of war , according to the film , if it is destroyed , not made with quality , or not replaced in time , the battle can not happen . Then the film abruptly changes direction , and presents a summary of the American battle plan for taking the Marshalls , how the outer islands were bombed to fool the enemy , and how a sneak attack was planned against the inner islands . But this could n't happen until all the supplies were ready . When the invasion does begin there is fierce fighting on the main islands . `` The German would have surrendered , but not the Jap ... Out of a garrison of 6000 , 230 surrender . '' Much time is spent on the Japanese POWs , and the film goes to great lengths to show how well they are treated , especially in comparison to how the Japanese treated their POWs . Emphasis then turns again to materiel . Showing all the destroyed planes , artillery , and ammunition , all needing to be replaced by the American workforce . But at the very end , images of the dead and wounded American soldiers are shown . The narrator assures us they will never be forgotten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa80d5d3bede497ba98e700d056683cd", "text": "The Worlds of Science The Worlds of Science is a series of science book paperbacks by various authors published by Pyramid Books in the 1960s . The series included both reprints of works originally published independently and new works written especially for the series . Prominent contributors included Isaac Asimov and L. Sprague de Camp , among others . Books in the series include : The Human Brain , by John Pfeifer Maya , by Charles Gallenkamp Nine Planets , by Alan E. Nourse Living Earth , by Peter Farb Chemistry Creates a New World , by Bernard Jaffe The Road to Man , by Herbert Wendt Giants of Science , by Philip Cane Snakes of the World , by Raymond Ditmars The ABC of Physics , by Jerome S. Meyer Computers , by Stanley Englehardt Man and Dolphin , by John C. Lilly Kingdom of the Octopus , by Frank W. Lane Dinosaurs , by Nicholas Hutton III The Story of Weather , by Capt. David C. Holmes , USN Fact and Fancy , by Isaac Asimov Electronics , by Stanley L. Englehardt Conquest of the Moon , by William Hines Elephant , by L. Sprague de Camp Category : Science books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91db97ce629c4218819e79675c99890e", "text": "Mothra vs. Godzilla is a 1964 Japanese science fiction film directed by Ishiro Honda . It is the fourth film in the Godzilla film series and stars Akira Takarada , Kenji Sahara and Hiroshi Koizumi , and Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla . The film had a 200 million yen budget , approximately twice that of the original Godzilla film . On its release in the United States , the film was re-titled Godzilla vs. the Thing with some small edits involving scenes being shortened and a scene involving the American military added .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84c4e2fa080b875a458100a00bdc0fa1", "text": "Military production during World War II Military production during World War II includes the arms , ammunitions , personnel and financing which were mobilized for the war . Military production , in this article , means everything produced by the belligerents from the occupation of Austria in early 1938 to the surrender and occupation of Japan in late 1945 . The mobilization of funds , people , natural resources and matériel for the production and supply of military equipment and military forces during World War II was a critical component of the war effort . During the conflict , the Allies outpaced the Axis powers in most production categories . Access to the funding and industrial resources necessary to sustain the war effort was linked to their respective economic and political alliances . As formerly neutral powers ( such as the United States ) joined the escalating conflict , territory changed hands , combatants were defeated , the balance of power shifted in favour of the Allies ( as did the means to sustain the military production required to win the war ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f9191d62fe1a8fba25c19954431a3ff", "text": "Deadline (science fiction story) `` Deadline '' is a 1944 science fiction short story by American writer Cleve Cartmill , first published in Astounding Science Fiction . The story described the then-secret atomic bomb in some detail . At that time the bomb was still under development and top secret , which prompted a visit by the FBI . In 1943 , Cartmill suggested to John W. Campbell , the then-editor of Astounding , that he could write a story about a futuristic super-bomb . Campbell liked the idea and supplied Cartmill with considerable background information gleaned from unclassified scientific journals , on the use of Uranium-235 to make a nuclear fission device . The resulting story appeared in the issue of Astounding dated March 1944 , which actually appeared early in February of that year . By March 8 it had come to the attention of the Counterintelligence Corps , who saw many similarities between the technical details in the story and the research currently being undertaken in great secrecy at Los Alamos . Gregory Benford describes the incident as told him by Edward Teller in his autobiographical essay `` Old Legends '' : Coming three years later in the same magazine , Cleve Cartmill 's `` Deadline '' provoked astonishment in the lunch table discussions at Los Alamos . It really did describe isotope separation and the bomb itself in detail , and raised as its principal plot pivot the issue the physicists were then debating among themselves : should the Allies use it ? To the physicists from many countries clustered in the high mountain strangeness of New Mexico , cut off from their familiar sources of humanist learning , it must have seemed particularly striking that Cartmill described an allied effort , a joint responsibility laid upon many nations . Discussion of Cartmill 's `` Deadline '' was significant . The story 's detail was remarkable , its sentiments even more so . Did this rather obscure story hint at what the American public really thought about such a superweapon , or would think if they only knew ? Talk attracts attention , Teller recalled a security officer who took a decided interest , making notes , saying little . In retrospect , it was easy to see what a wartime intelligence monitor would make of the physicists ' conversations . Who was this guy Cartmill , anyway ? Where did he get these details ? Who tipped him to the isotope separation problem ? `` and that is why Mr. Campbell received his visitors . '' Fearing a security breach , the FBI began an investigation into Cartmill , Campbell , and some of their acquaintances ( including Isaac Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein ) . It appears that the authorities eventually accepted the explanation that the story 's material had been gleaned from unclassified sources , but as a precautionary measure they requested that Campbell should not publish any further stories about nuclear technology for the remainder of the war . Campbell , in the meantime , had guessed from the number of Astounding subscribers who had suddenly moved to the Los Alamos area , that the US government probably had some sort of technical or scientific project ongoing there . He declined to volunteer this information to the FBI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ff30d6689b6c56410848974b96bc0dd", "text": "Weapon of mass destruction A weapon of mass destruction ( WMD ) is a nuclear , radiological , chemical , biological or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures ( e.g. , buildings ) , natural structures ( e.g. , mountains ) , or the biosphere . The scope and usage of the term has evolved and been disputed , often signifying more politically than technically . Originally coined in reference to aerial bombing with chemical explosives , since World War II it has come to refer to large-scale weaponry of other technologies , such as chemical , biological , radiological , or nuclear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a17b18db69e04fb08ba30edc1e0130d", "text": "Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) . Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor . Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d29b037c53329c455172ac8016b34f", "text": "Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia . As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages . Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars . Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species . Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space . The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms . In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include : Douglas Adams 's babel fish The TARDIS from Doctor Who The translator microbes in Farscape The universal translator from Star Trek In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo . In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) . Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two . A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own . Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand ) The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary ) For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value . In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator . In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly . In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' . In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders . C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi . Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' . Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah . Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity . In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations . In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages . Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics . Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy . There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek . In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot . Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 . In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect . In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese . In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8d50a745d3fb292cb2de094b753a914", "text": "Strategic Defense Initiative The Strategic Defense Initiative ( SDI ) was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons ( intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles ) . The system , which was to combine ground-based units and orbital deployment platforms , was first publicly announced by President Ronald Reagan on March 23 , 1983 . The initiative focused on strategic defense rather than the prior strategic offense doctrine of mutual assured destruction ( MAD ) . The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization ( SDIO ) was set up in 1984 within the United States Department of Defense to oversee the Strategic Defense Initiative . Reagan was a vocal critic of MAD doctrine . SDI was an important part of his defense policy intended to end MAD as a nuclear deterrence strategy , as well as a strategic initiative to neutralize the military component of the Soviet Union 's nuclear defenses . The ambitious initiative was criticized for allegedly threatening to destabilize the MAD-approach and to possibly re-ignite `` an offensive arms race '' . SDI was nicknamed largely in the mainstream media as `` Star Wars '' , after the popular 1977 film by George Lucas . In 1987 , the American Physical Society concluded that a global shield such as `` Star Wars '' was extremely ambitious and with existing technology not directly feasible for operational status , and that about ten more years of research was needed to learn about such a comprehensive and complex system to set up and make it fully operational . Under the SDIO 's Innovative Sciences and Technology Office , headed by physicist and engineer Dr. James Ionson , the investment was predominantly made in basic research at national laboratories , universities , and in industry ; these programs have continued to be key sources of funding for top research scientists in the fields of high-energy physics , supercomputing/computation , advanced materials , and many other critical science and engineering disciplines -- funding which indirectly supports other research work by top scientists , and which was most politically viable to fund within the budget environment . Laser research funded by the SDI office was disclosed at laser conferences that also included panel discussions on the subject with the participation of James Ionson , Edward Teller , and other prominent advocates of SDI . During the administration of President Bill Clinton in 1993 , the SDIO 's name was changed to the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization ( BMDO ) and its focus shifted from national missile defense to theater missile defense ; and its scope from global to more regional coverage . It was never truly developed or deployed , though certain aspects of SDI research and technologies paved the way for some anti-ballistic missile systems of today . BMDO was renamed to the Missile Defense Agency in 2002 . This article covers defense efforts under the SDIO . Today , the United States holds a significant advantage in the field of comprehensive advanced missile defense systems through years of extensive research and testing . The US and the UK also have both laser weapons and 360 degree laser shields in development , which are expected to be ready for military use as early as 2020 . Many of the obtained technological insights were transferred to subsequent programs and would find use in follow-up programs .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8218689443ce5fe20795428b93f340cc", "text": "David Carradine David Carradine ( born John Arthur Carradine ; December 8 , 1936 -- June 3 , 2009 ) was an American actor and martial artist . He was known for his leading role as a peace-loving Shaolin monk , Kwai Chang Caine , in the 1970s television series Kung Fu . He was also known for playing Frankenstein in the original Death Race movie and Bill in both Kill Bill films . He was a member of an acting family that began with his father , John Carradine . Carradine 's acting career , which included major and minor roles on stage and television , and in cinema , spanned over four decades . A prolific `` B '' movie actor , he appeared in more than 100 feature films in career spanning over sixty years . He was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards , for projects such as the television series Kung Fu ( 1972 -- 1975 ) , the Woody Guthrie biopic Bound for Glory ( 1976 ) and the miniseries North and South ( 1985 ) . His final nomination came in the category of Best Supporting Actor for portraying the titular character in Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill : Volume 2 ( 2004 ) . Films that featured Carradine continued to be released after his death . These posthumous credits were from a variety of genres including action , documentaries , drama , horror , martial arts , science fiction , and westerns . In addition to his acting career , Carradine was a director and musician . Moreover , influenced by his most popular acting role , he studied martial arts . He was sometimes arrested and prosecuted for a variety of offenses , which often involved substance abuse . He died on June 3 , 2009 , in a hotel room in Bangkok , Thailand from auto-erotic asphyxiation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a562bf216a6438cbe080da1aafa8c40a", "text": "David Eastman David Harold Eastman ( born 29 September 1945 ) is a former public servant from Canberra , Australia . In 1995 he was convicted of the murder of Australian Federal Police Assistant Commissioner Colin Winchester and was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole but in 2014 a judicial inquiry recommended the sentence should be quashed and he should be pardoned . On 22 August of the same year , the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory quashed the conviction , and ordered a retrial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f030be87ffb50173e040dce2fb489a", "text": "Perp walk A perp walk , or walking the perp , The term `` perp '' is short for `` perpetrator '' , and is commonly used by police departments for those they arrest . It is legally inaccurate since the arrested individual 's guilt has not been judicially established at that point . is a practice in American law enforcement of taking an arrested suspect through a public place , creating an opportunity for the media to take photographs and video of the event . The defendant is typically handcuffed or otherwise restrained , and is sometimes dressed in prison garb . Within the United States the perp walk is most closely associated with New York City . The practice rose in popularity in the 1980s under U.S. Attorney Rudolph Giuliani , when white-collar criminals were perp-walked . The perp walk arose incidentally from the need to transport a defendant from a police station to court after arrest , and the general prohibition of prior restraint under the U.S. Constitution 's First Amendment . Law enforcement agencies often coordinate with the media in scheduling and arranging them . It has been criticized as a form of public humiliation that violates a defendant 's right to privacy and is prejudicial to the presumption of innocence , but is defended as promoting transparency in the criminal justice system . American courts have permitted it on the grounds that it arises from the limitations and necessity of police procedure , but have also limited it only to those times when it is actually necessary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0b66b1d37ea1e5fc3c5b66303948cf2", "text": "Steven Mazzone Steven Mazzone ( born 1964 ) is an American mobster believed to be a high ranking member of the Philadelphia crime family . Mazzone 's rise in power through the Philadelphia underworld began as a protege of former boss turned informant , Ralph Natale . After the family was decimated by prosecutions during the Nicodemo Scarfo and John Stanfa eras , Natale was released from prison in 1994 and shortly thereafter became the new boss of the crime family . Natale partnered with the `` Young Turks '' faction that was one of the few remnants left of the Philadelphia crime family , and their leader , Joseph `` Skinny Joey '' Merlino . After Natale assumed the top position as boss , he positioned Merlino as underboss and Ronald Turchi as the consigliere in the new hierarchy . This administration is still in question to this day , as many now believe that Merlino was running the family behind the scenes , letting Natale have the boss position to deter law enforcement from himself . Mazzone is a childhood friend of Merlino . They both grew up in South Philadelphia and started there criminal careers together . Natale inducted Mazzone into the crime family in 1995 and made him a caporegime in 1996 . Following Natale 's 1998 arrest for drug trafficking , Merlino officially took over the family and become the new boss . He named Mazzone as his underboss and another childhood friend , George Borgesi , as consigliere . However their reign would be short . Mazzone would be indicted and held without bail in June 1999 along with Merlino , George Borgesi and others for racketeering and murder . A year earlier , Natale feeling slighted , and now realizing he may have been a puppet for Merlino all along , decided to end his life as a criminal . Facing the rest of his life in prison for drug trafficking , he decided to cooperate with the government in 1999 and agreed to testify against his former friends . Natale testified that Mazzone was the shooter in the death of mobster `` Little Felix '' Bocchino on January 29 , 1992 . Natale also testified that Mazzone was one of the shooters in the failed murder attempt on Joseph Ciangalini , Jr. on March 2 , 1993 . Mazzone and his co-defendants were acquitted of all murder charges at trial in 2001 , largely due to credibility issues with the government witnesses . The defendants were found guilty of racketeering and illegal bookmaking . Mazzone was acquitted of murder , murder conspiracy and attempted murder but convicted of racketeering , extortion and illegal bookmaking and was sentenced to nine years in prison . The upper echelon of the family was once again decimated . Following the indictment and imprisonment of the family 's hierarchy , Merlino would remain in control from prison , while installing Joseph `` Uncle Joe '' Ligambi as the acting boss of the family . After serving nearly the whole length of his nine-year prison term , Mazzone was transferred to a halfway house then released from federal custody on February 2 , 2008 . Following his release , Mazzone was to have no contact with other convicted criminals or known mobsters , and he was placed on federally supervised release for three years . Coincidentally , in the months following the expiration date of his parole restrictions , Joseph Ligambi , the acting boss of the family , was arrested himself in May 2011 following a sweeping racketeering indictment that threatened to eradicate the hierarchy of the family once again . Just prior to the indictment , Joseph Merlino was released from federal prison and into a halfway house in Florida . Merlino would also have to serve three years of supervised release until September 2014 . With Ligambi and others were denied bail and forced into waiting out their trial in the federal detention center in Philadelphia , Mazzone was elevated to acting boss . Shortly after , Philadelphia TV station Fox 29 's news team caught Mazzone on video ( without audio ) angrily yelling at two alleged crime family associates . After two federal trials in which the government failed to convict him , Ligambi was released in January 2014 and reputedly went into semiretired . Although Ligambi 's imminent retirement is questionable , Mazzone continues to hold a leadership position in the Philadelphia crime family . Local law enforcement , prosecutors , and the FBI all believe that Merlino remains the boss of the family while partially residing in Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed7d3d931b6e6ec5bc42b27343a8fa81", "text": "In re Sealed Case No. 02-001 In re : Sealed Case No. 02-001 , 310 F. 3d 717 ( 2002 ) , is a per curiam decision by the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review in which it reviewed restrictions that were placed upon a Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ( FISA ) application by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court ( FISC ) on May 17 , 2002 . The Court of Review reversed the FISC 's restrictions , stating that they `` are not required by FISA or the Constitution '' . This opinion represents the first meeting of and first opinion by the Court of Review . For the purposes of review , the FISC 's modification of the requested application worked as a `` denial '' , thus giving the Court of Review jurisdiction to take the case . The Court noted that the case raised important questions of statutory interpretation and the constitutionality of provision of FISA . In particular , the opinion addressed changes made in the act due to the passage of the Patriot Act . The Court addressed these questions in the context of a single request for an order authorizing electronic surveillance made by the government to the FISC . The FISC approved the requested order but `` imposed certain requirements and limitations '' on the government . The government appealed to the Court of Review . The Court first stated that there appeared to be no disagreement between the government and the FISC as to the propriety of the requested surveillance because the FISC found that the government had shown probable caused to believe that the target is an agent of a foreign power . The government therefore only appealed the restrictions imposed . The restrictions include orders that law enforcement officials shall not make recommendations to intelligence officials concerning the initiation , operation , continuation or expansion of FISA searches or surveillances . Additionally , the FBI and the Criminal Division -LSB- of the Department of Justice -RSB- shall ensure that law enforcement officials do not direct or control the use of the FISA procedures to enhance criminal prosecution , and that advice intended to preserve the option of a criminal prosecution does not inadvertently result in the Criminal Division 's directing or controlling the investigation using FISA searches and surveillances toward law enforcement objectives . The FISC also created what the court referred to as a `` chaperone requirement '' , which required that a unit of the Justice Department ( the Office of Intelligence Policy and review ( OIPR ) ) `` be invited '' to all meetings between the FBI and the Criminal Division involving coordination of efforts to investigate and respond to potential hostile acts . The Court of Review stated that the lower opinion establishing these restrictions did not clearly set forth the basis for its decision . Instead , the restrictions `` appear -LSB- -RSB- to proceed from the assumption that FISA constructed a barrier between counterintelligence/intelligence officials and law enforcement officers in the Executive Branch , '' but the opinion did not support such an assumption . This `` wall '' between the intelligence officials and law enforcement officers was created by the FISC in reliance on `` its statutory authority to approve ` minimization procedures ' designed to prevent the acquisition , retention , and dissemination within the government of material gathered in an electronic surveillance that is unnecessary to the government 's need for foreign intelligence information . '' Two arguments were presented by the government in opposition to these restrictions . First , the government argued that the pre-Patriot Act limitation in FISA that restricts the government 's use of intelligence information is `` an illusion . '' Alternatively , the government argued that even if the `` primary purpose '' limitation exists , the passage of the Patriot Act eliminated that concept from FISA . As a corollary , the government argued that the restrictions imposed by the FISC below were a misconstruction of the FISA provisions and `` an end run around '' the amendments added by the Patriot Act . The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU ) and the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers ( NACDL ) submitted amicus curiae briefs in support of the restrictions . The briefs argued primarily that the FISA statute ( and the amendments of the Patriot Act ) are unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment unless they are construed to prohibit the government from obtaining a FISA surveillance order if its `` primary purpose '' is criminal prosecution . Among other things , the Court of Review found that FISA is constitutional , that the minimization requirements of FISA are not grounds to limit the purpose of the FISA application , and that FISA may be used to collect evidence for criminal prosecution . The Court also noted ( but made no judgment regarding ) `` the President 's inherent constitutional authority to conduct warrantless foreign intelligence surveillance '' which relates to part of the government justification in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd49a5c5104c2ac7079a2f2c55462a08", "text": "David Martin Long David Martin Long ( July 15 , 1953 -- December 8 , 1999 ) was an American murderer . He was arrested after the 1986 hatchet killings of three women in Lancaster , Texas , and was convicted of murder and sentenced to the death penalty . Long was never tried for any other murders , but he also confessed to killing a gas station attendant in a 1978 beating in San Bernardino , California , and killing a former boss in a 1983 fire in Bay City , Texas . While on death row , Long confessed to setting a fire that killed two women in 1986 . Ernest Willis was already on death row for the crime . Long 's confession was ultimately found to lack credibility , but it sparked new interest in the case , and when arson investigators re-examined the case , they felt that an electrical issue most likely caused the fire . Willis was released from prison in 2004 , having spent 17 years on death row . Two days before Long was scheduled to be executed , he took an overdose of prescription drugs and was hospitalized in Galveston , Texas . Officials in Texas refused to delay the execution . Initially placed on a ventilator , Long improved significantly by the next day . He was placed on a medically supervised flight back to Huntsville on the day of his scheduled execution so that he could be executed as scheduled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169f1ca77ebdeda1897cd035855b4f20", "text": "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case In March 1977 , film director Roman Polanski was arrested and charged in Los Angeles with five offenses against Samantha Gailey , a 13-year-old girl -- rape by use of drugs , perversion , sodomy , lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14 , and furnishing a controlled substance to a minor . At his arraignment Polanski pleaded not guilty to all charges , but later accepted a plea bargain whose terms included dismissal of the five initial charges in exchange for a guilty plea to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse . Polanski underwent a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation , and a report was submitted to the court recommending probation . However , upon learning that he was likely to face imprisonment and deportation , Polanski fled to France in February 1978 , hours before he was to be formally sentenced . Since then Polanski has mostly lived in France and has avoided visiting countries likely to extradite him to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81e7a51e07bc9836f856ebed9678887", "text": "FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives by year, 1958 In 1958 , the United States FBI , under Director J. Edgar Hoover , continued for a ninth year to maintain a public list of the people it regarded as the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives . As 1958 opened , the FBI had gone for a full ten months through the end of the prior year without being able to add a single fugitive to the top Ten list . The reason for the paucity of new fugitives is that by March of the prior year , the list of Ten Fugitives had become entirely populated by the most difficult captures , all ten of whom still remained at large , up through the first three months of 1958 : 1950 # 4 ( eight years ) , Henry Randolph Mitchell , process was dismissed July 18 , 1958 1950 # 14 ( eight years ) , Frederick J. Tenuto , remained still at large 1952 # 36 ( six years ) , James Eddie Diggs , remained still at large 1954 # 78 ( four years ) , David Daniel Keegan , remained still at large 1955 # 83 ( three years ) , Flenoy Payne , arrested March 11 , 1958 1955 # 87 ( three years ) , Daniel William O'Connor , apprehended December 26 , 1958 1956 # 97 ( two years ) , Eugene Francis Newman , remained still at large 1956 # 98 ( two years ) , Carmine DiBiase , surrendered August 28 , 1958 1957 # 99 ( one year ) , Ben Golden McCollum , arrested March 7 , 1958 1957 # 102 ( one year ) , George Edward Cole , remained still at large But that situation was soon to change , as the FBI began one of its most productive years ever in 1958 , in terms of removing long-timers from the top Ten list . In all , a full half of the list , five long-time Fugitives , were removed from the list during 1958 . Also notable in 1958 , the longest wanted Fugitive , Henry Randolph Mitchell , # 4 from the original list of Ten published in 1950 , after eight years at large , became the first Top Tenner to ever be removed for reason other than capture or death . Mitchell became one of a series of longstanding top Ten Fugitives whose time on the list simply outlived their initial criteria for having been listed . In the case of Mitchell , his charges were finally dropped by a court in 1958 , and so the FBI also dropped him from the top Ten list with the justification that his `` process was dismissed . '' In many of the subsequent such removals , a top Ten Fugitive remained a fugitive from justice , yet was simply removed from the FBI top Ten list when the FBI determined that the original criteria were no longer being met for the top Ten listing . With the removal of so many long-time top ten fugitives in 1958 , the FBI once again began a series of turnover of many new Fugitives , adding a full half dozen new names to the list by year end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3c731533d9e3552e0af6af4fb2bed64", "text": "Thunder and Lightning (film) Thunder and Lightning is a 1977 action comedy film starring David Carradine and Kate Jackson and directed by Corey Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b923c39acd7698087028740ef24a0613", "text": "Danny Greene Daniel John Patrick `` Danny '' Greene ( November 14 , 1933 -- October 6 , 1977 ) was an Irish American mobster and associate of Cleveland mobster John Nardi during the gang war for the city 's criminal operations during the 1970s . Competing gangsters set off more than 35 bombs , most attached to cars in murder attempts , many successful . Greene had gained power first in a local chapter of the International Longshoremen 's Association , where he was elected president in the early 1960s . Greene pushed into Cleveland rackets and began competing with the Italian-American Mafia for control of the city . He set up his own group called the Celtic Club , complete with enforcers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fc600294db65e789c27104dbe1eaa76", "text": "Cloud Dancer Cloud Dancer is a 1980 aviation drama film directed by Barry Brown . The film stars David Carradine , Jennifer O'Neill and Joseph Bottoms . Cloud Dancer follows a competition aerobatic pilot throughout his show season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed5fd70b1c144cd2777ee98900540db", "text": "Forced confession A forced confession is a confession obtained by a suspect or a prisoner under means of torture ( including enhanced interrogation techniques ) or other forms of duress . Depending on the level of coercion used , a forced confession is not valid in revealing the truth . The person being interrogated may agree to the story presented to him or even make up falsehoods himself in order to satisfy the interrogator and discontinue his suffering . For centuries the Latin phrase `` Confessio est regina probationum '' ( In English : Confession is the Queen of evidence ) justified the use of forced confession in the European legal system . When especially during the Middle Ages acquiring a confession was the most important thing during preparations before a trial , than the method used to get the confession seemed irrelevant , de facto sanctioning the use of torture to extract forced confession . By the late 18th century , most scholars and lawyers thought of the forced confession not only as a relic of past times and morally wrong but also ineffective as the victim of torture may confess to anything just to ease his suffering . Developments in the 20th century , notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , greatly reduced the legal acceptance of forced confessions . However , for most of legal history they have been accepted in most of the world , and are still accepted in some jurisdictions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78f63dae9c339cb20e6b8005250061c1", "text": "The Verona Trial Il processo di Verona ( internationally released as The Verona Trial ) is a 1963 Italian historical drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani . The film tells of the final phases of the Italian fascist regime , in particular the affair of the 1944 Verona trial , in which Galeazzo Ciano , Emilio De Bono and other eminent Fascist officials were sentenced to death and almost immediately executed by a shooting detachment . For her portrayal of Edda Mussolini-Ciano , Silvana Mangano won the two major Italian film awards , the David di Donatello for Best Actress and the Silver Ribbon in the same category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1adcda4b6a5cb6225133cd1865ee8b", "text": "Byron Sonne Byron Sonne is a Canadian activist who was wrongly accused of planning to bomb the Toronto G20 Summit in 2010 . He was charged with possessing explosives and counseling mischief , later to be acquitted of all charges on May 15 , 2012 , putting an end to his two-year ordeal . Sonne was a self proclaimed troubleshooter and was trying to find weaknesses and points of vulnerability in the G20 security systems when he was arrested . The incident created an outrage and started a debate regarding whether citizens have the right to goad their government and just how far one can push the boundaries of civil liberties . He was arrested on June 22 , 2010 and was charged with possession of explosives and dangerous weapons , intimidating justice officials and mischief . By the time the case got to trial , all counts were dropped except the four counts of explosives possession and one of `` counseling mischief not committed . '' He remained behind bars for 11 months before finally being granted bail . His wife , Kristen Peterson , was arrested two days after him and charged with weapons and explosives offenses ; she was let out on soon after , and charges against her were also dropped seven months later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35af0c77bbea6d0db77159daefdd3075", "text": "Duquesne Spy Ring The Duquesne Spy Ring is the largest espionage case in United States history that ended in convictions . A total of 33 members of a German espionage network headed by Frederick `` Fritz '' Joubert Duquesne were convicted after a lengthy investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) . Of those indicted , 19 pleaded guilty . The remaining 14 were brought to jury trial in Federal District Court , Brooklyn , New York , on September 3 , 1941 ; all were found guilty on December 13 , 1941 . On January 2 , 1942 , the group was sentenced to serve a total of over 300 years in prison . The agents who formed the Duquesne Ring were placed in key jobs in the United States to get information that could be used in the event of war and to carry out acts of sabotage : one opened a restaurant and used his position to get information from his customers ; another worked on an airline so that he could report Allied ships that were crossing the Atlantic Ocean ; others worked as delivery people so they could deliver secret messages alongside mundane ones . William G. Sebold , who had been blackmailed into becoming a spy for Germany , became a double agent and helped the FBI gather evidence . For nearly two years , the FBI ran a shortwave radio station in New York for the ring . They learned what information Germany was sending its spies in the United States and controlled what was sent to Germany . Sebold 's success as a counterespionage agent was demonstrated by the successful prosecution of the German agents . One German spymaster later commented the ring 's roundup delivered `` the death blow '' to their espionage efforts in the United States . FBI director J. Edgar Hoover called his concerted FBI swoop on Duquesne 's ring the greatest spy roundup in U.S. history . The 1945 film The House on 92nd Street was a thinly disguised version of the Duquesne Spy Ring saga of 1941 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd666059a1475c42e531a3b54b3dbcd", "text": "Death Warrant (film) Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark DiSalle . The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC , and was Goyer 's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially . In the film , the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders , and finds himself locked up with his arch-nemesis ; Christian Naylor , a psychotic serial killer who calls himself `` The Sandman '' whom sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison . Death Warrant was released on September 14 , 1990 . Upon its release , the film grossed $ 46 million against production budget of only $ 6 million . The film received general mixed to poor critical reaction from critics who found the direction , its storyline , villain , and the plot poor , but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8a1671b789bd7000129a15ccae4133c", "text": "David Wayne Hull David Wayne Hull is a leader of the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan , which is considered the most militant as well as the most violent Ku Klux Klan in history . Hull was indicted in March 2003 for , witness tampering , and instructing persons on procedures for creating destructive devices . Hull threatened minorities and workers and patients at abortion clinics . He had built and detonated improvised explosive devices ( IEDs ) during KKK events , and was recorded instructing individuals on how to place IEDs to cause maximum damage . A jury in western Pennsylvania convicted Hull on seven counts of a ten-count indictment . On February 25 , 2005 , he was sentenced to 12 years in prison , followed by three years of probation . Hull 's criminal record dates back to 1994 . He was arrested by the Pittsburgh Joint Terrorism Task Force , which consists of federal , state and local law enforcement agencies . According to the Southern Poverty Law Center , Hull published a newsletter in which he urged readers to write Timothy McVeigh `` to tell this great man goodbye . '' The Anti-Defamation League , wrote that , in July 2002 , Hull attended the neo-Nazi `` Aryan Nations World Congress '' and he is a follower of Christian Identity , `` a racist and anti-Semitic sect whose adherents believe that white people are God 's chosen people , descended from the lost tribes of ancient Israel , and that minorities are soulless `` mud peoples . '' '' In 2003 , during an FBI `` sting operation '' Hull said he wanted grenades to be used to `` blow up '' abortion clinics . He was subsequently arrested . Hull 's conviction was reversed in part when the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ruled possession of a pipe bomb in and of itself did not constitute a federal `` crime of violence '' . Hull was released from federal prison in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8713a91e56d5a2eef96f2f365288ac97", "text": "The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008 The Secret Policeman 's Ball 2008 was a show in the Secret Policeman 's Balls series of benefit shows for Amnesty International . In July 2008 , Amnesty announced that it would present another show in its long-running series Like its 2006 predecessor the show was a single-night live event at London 's Royal Albert Hall , on Saturday 4 October 2008 . In common with other recent Amnesty benefit shows , the majority of the performers were British ( or UK-based ) and well-known primarily only in Great Britain , the one Canadian comedian Russell Peters appeared via a pre-recorded video-tape . Performers who were listed to perform were : Frank Skinner Alan Carr Graham Norton Sean Lock Kristen Schaal Fearne Cotton Matt Berry Katherine Parkinson Mitchell and Webb Jason Manford Shappi Khorsandi Russell Howard Russell Peters ( via video-tape ) Katy Brand Tim Minchin Sarah Millican Kayvan Novak Meera Syal Sean Williamson Sharon Horgan Nick Mohammed Dan Clark David Armand Eddie Izzard Ed Byrne Deborah Meaden Jon Culshaw Gok Wan Michael Fenton Stevens Keane Razorlight The 3-hour event was video-taped and a 95-minute television special adapted from the show was broadcast the following day , Sunday 5 October 2008 , on Britain 's Channel Four . There was also a `` cinecast '' in which the Royal Albert Hall event was shown live in 35 cinemas in major British cities . It was also available live in 4 cinemas in Australia . The `` cinecast '' was available in cinemas in six of Canada 's thirteen provinces and territories . The Cineplex cinema chain made the film available on 50 of its 1,317 screens , however Amnesty and Cineplex did not announce the Canadian `` cinecast '' until Wednesday October 1 2008 , just three days before the screenings which did not allow time for the event to be effectively promoted in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9ffbf508225055c2a7271d3cfc8784", "text": "David Carr (journalist) David Michael Carr ( September 8 , 1956 February 12 , 2015 ) was an American writer , columnist , and author . He wrote the Media Equation column and covered culture for The New York Times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d18dcd6891ac49b0de124edf7f2756b", "text": "David Mahonski David Allen Mahonski ( May 27 , 1958 - November 28 , 1992 ) was an electrician from Williamsport , Pennsylvania who was shot by a White House guard on 15 March 1984 . The 25-year-old had been under FBI surveillance for making threats against then-president Ronald Reagan . He had been warned to stay away from the White House by United States Secret Service officers in the months leading up to the shooting . On the day of the shooting he was noticed in front of the south grounds of the White House by security agents who then approached him . He pulled a sawed-off shotgun from beneath his coat , and one of the agents shot him in the arm with a revolver . He was subsequently arrested . He was arraigned on March 16 , and scheduled for a psychiatric evaluation which later detected 'em otional problems . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e0c1f26cdab6ea662ffbc23e07aa96e", "text": "Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas . Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime . The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f08caa53a645793109d17b27e3426dcd", "text": "Grace Kelly Grace Patricia Kelly ( November 12 , 1929September 14 , 1982 ) was an American actress who became Princess of Monaco after marrying Prince Rainier III , in April 1956 . After embarking on an acting career in 1950 , at age 20 , Kelly appeared in New York City theatrical productions and more than 40 episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television . In October 1953 , she gained stardom from her performance in the film Mogambo , which won her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination in 1954 . Subsequently , she had leading roles in five films , including The Country Girl ( 1954 ) , for which her deglamorized performance earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress . Other films include High Noon ( 1952 ) with Gary Cooper , Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) with Ray Milland , Rear Window ( 1954 ) with James Stewart , To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) with Cary Grant , and High Society ( 1956 ) with Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby . Kelly retired from acting at the age of 26 to marry Rainier and began her duties as Princess of Monaco . They had three children : Caroline , Albert II , and Stéphanie . Kelly retained her American roots , maintaining dual U.S. and Monégasque citizenship . She died on September 14 , 1982 , a day after suffering a stroke while driving her car , which caused a crash .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d6eb2abf2adba5664ddc9cb5315f32d5", "text": "Queen Kelly Queen Kelly ( 1929 ) is an American silent film produced in 1928-29 and released by United Artists . The film was directed by Erich von Stroheim , starred Gloria Swanson , in the title role , Walter Byron and Seena Owen . The film was produced by Joseph P. Kennedy , who was Swanson 's lover at the time . In 1932 , Swanson was able to release a part-talkie version in Europe and South America only , because of her contract with Stroheim . This version had an alternate ending directed by Swanson and filmed by cinematographer Gregg Toland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b90ddee4090e4335476c8f58f52ad359", "text": "Grace Henderson Grace Henderson ( January 1861 -- October 30 , 1944 ) was a stage actress and prolific performer in silent motion pictures . She made her professional debut at McKiver 's Theatre in Chicago in 1877 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b2eea8b70b29f20775ecbfa993ef723", "text": "When a Man's a Man When a Man 's a Man is a 1935 American Western film directed by Edward F. Cline and written by Frank Mitchell Dazey and Agnes Christine Johnston . The film stars George O'Brien , Dorothy Wilson , Paul Kelly , Harry Woods , Jimmy Butler and Richard Carlyle . The film was released on February 15 , 1935 , by Fox Film Corporation . Parts of the film were shot in Zion National Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b05a8326e40d8471835313a23f0ef4d", "text": "David Patrick Kelly David Patrick Kelly ( born January 23 , 1951 ) is an American actor and musician who has appeared in numerous films and television series . He is widely known for roles such as Luther in the cult 1979 film The Warriors , and another character named Luther in the 1982 Eddie Murphy film 48 Hrs. , Sully in the 1985 Arnold Schwarzenegger film Commando , Jerry Horne in Twin Peaks , and T-Bird in the 1994 film The Crow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bd0008d8a5997a873c580b285775ddd", "text": "Grace Cunard Grace Cunard ( April 8 , 1893 -- January 19 , 1967 ) was an American actress , screenwriter and film director . Her sister was actress Mina Cunard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a34d057df8d67ef94dc75d5fcf137344", "text": "Grace Darmond Grace Darmond ( November 20 , 1893 -- October 8 , 1963 ) was a Canadian-born American actress from the early 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc8a638b4a0b223a88df3d6ce69829bf", "text": "Peter Grace (sound engineer) Peter Grace is an Australian production sound mixer . He is best known for his work on critically acclaimed war-drama film Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) for which he received the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing at the 89th Academy Awards , sharing with Robert Mackenzie , Kevin O'Connell and Andy Wright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f62863fb74b29e4ef5c8d2f0e1056f2", "text": "Frank Kelly Francis O'Kelly ( 28 December 1938 -- 28 February 2016 ) , better known by his stage name of Frank Kelly , was an Irish actor , singer and writer , whose career covered television , radio , theatre , music , screenwriting and film . He played Father Jack Hackett in the Channel Four sitcom Father Ted , and was also the son of the cartoonist Charles E. Kelly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "969b172310399800c91b6bcf40fb36f3", "text": "Night Life in Hollywood Night Life in Hollywood is a 1922 American comedy film directed by Fred Caldwell . It featured an ensemble cast including J. Frank Glendon , Josephine Hill , Gale Henry , J.L. McComas , Elizabeth Rhodes , Jack Connolly , Delores Hall , Wallace Reid , Theodore Roberts , Sessue Hayakawa , Tsuru Aoki , William Desmond , Bryant Washburn , Bessie Love , J. Warren Kerrigan and Edward Peil , Jr. . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "468bbf41d484819041f6846b92830c65", "text": "Grace (Stargate SG-1) `` Grace '' is an episode from Season 7 of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 . Amanda Tapping won a Leo Award in the category `` Dramatic Series : Best Lead Performance - Female '' for this episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5af9de6920f8a2fae4fe42c467e75708", "text": "Comedy (Paul Kelly & The Messengers album) Comedy is a double album recorded by Paul Kelly & The Messengers and originally released in 1991 . It was the last album released before the partnership of Kelly and The Messengers was dissolved . It was released on Mushroom Records in Australia and Doctor Dream Records in the United States . Track 9 , `` Take Your Time '' is featured in the 1997 Australian movie The Castle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe915d5c64eaff500db2255d477040b1", "text": "Alex Kelly Alex Kelly may refer to : Alex Kelly ( rapist ) ( born 1967 ) , American convicted rapist from Connecticut Alex Kelly ( The O.C. ) , fictional character played by Olivia Wilde in the U.S. television series The O.C. Alex Kelly ( rugby union ) ( c. 1871 -- c. 1913 ) , Australian rugby union player Alex Kelly ( filmmaker ) , filmmaker", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c967fbd37643c337b7c6c5536a543300", "text": "Amazing Grace and Chuck Amazing Grace and Chuck is a 1987 film starring William Petersen , Jamie Lee Curtis and Gregory Peck . The film was directed by Mike Newell . It was released on VHS in the UK as Silent Voice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d76801fbfc5699ac48dc67c08e57da26", "text": "A Look at Monaco (album) A Look at Monaco is a 1963 soundtrack album by Percy Faith and performed by the Orchestre National de l'Opera de Monte Carlo for the CBS television special and documentary A Look at Monaco . The film featured a tour of the principal sites of Monaco conducted by the former American actress Grace Kelly , who had become the Princess Consort of Monaco following her 1956 marriage to Rainier III , Prince of Monaco . Grace 's narration from the film is featured on the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f5373f79028ebb56037d538bdc1fde2", "text": "Graceless Go I Graceless Go I is a 1974 TV movie starring Stanley Baker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa3889ad61653b3d38107f1c417cb22d", "text": "Saving Grace (1998 film) Saving Grace is a 1998 film produced in New Zealand based on a play by Duncan Sarkies . It was directed by Costa Botes and stars Kirsty Hamilton and Jim Moriarty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4821586f5f6d1033e70f3100f628280a", "text": "Annie Laurie (1927 film) Annie Laurie is a 1927 silent film directed by John S. Robertson , released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , and starring Lillian Gish and Norman Kerry . This was the third film of Lillian Gish at MGM , and its poor boxoffice returns marked a decline in the star 's career . On a down note Gish stated that her mother became ill during the production of this film and that '' ... she only showed up for work '' as opposed to putting her all into the film . John Wayne makes an early film appearance as a crowd extra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca6d8d7439dc8ae8d4d4ba6e30de667", "text": "Grace Kelly (disambiguation) Grace Kelly ( 1929 -- 1982 ) was an American actress who became Princess of Monaco . Grace Kelly may also refer to : Grace Kelly ( musician ) ( born 1992 ) , American jazz musician Grace V. Kelly ( 1877 -- 1950 ) , American artist `` Grace Kelly '' ( song ) , a 2007 song by Mika", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8919e38e45cd6203ed4f9a9e21d1bf1", "text": "Grace Period (NCIS) `` Grace Period '' is the 19th episode in the fourth season , and the 89th overall episode , of the American crime drama television series NCIS . It first aired on CBS in the United States on April 3 , 2007 . The episode is written by John Kelly and directed by James Whitmore , Jr. , and was seen by 13.79 million viewers . An NCIS team , led by Special agent Paula Cassidy , receives a tip about terrorist activity but it turns out to be a trap , resulting in the death of two agents . Cassidy , grief-stricken , begins blaming herself for what happened . Gibbs and his team are sent to investigate the deaths with Cassidy joining them during the investigation . While Ducky is sure that the man who Cassidy received the tip from was dead at least one day before the explosion even happened , Cassidy and Abby insist otherwise . The episode marks the final appearance of NCIS Special agent Paula Cassidy , who is killed when she sacrifices herself to stop a suicide bomber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce22f8b7ccaef63cb5b3e74d6deddfa9", "text": "Our Day Our Day is a silent documentary short directed by Wallace Kelly in 1938 , about a day in the life of the Kelly family in Lebanon , Kentucky . It starred his mother , wife , brother , pet dog , and Wallace himself . The film countered the contemporary stereotypes of impoverished Southerners eking out a living during the Depression , by documenting a modern home inhabited by adults with sophisticated interests . Our Day was selected for the National Film Registry by the Librarian of Congress in 2007 as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "897fbe739ddfb24021efe05b47a70dab", "text": "Seville Seville ( -LSB- səˈvɪl -RSB- Sevilla -LSB- seˈβiʎa -RSB- , -LSB- seˈβi ʝa -RSB- ) is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville , Spain . It is situated on the plain of the river Guadalquivir . The inhabitants of the city are known as sevillanos ( feminine form : sevillanas ) or hispalenses , after the Roman name of the city , Hispalis . Seville has a municipal population of about 703,000 , and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million , making it the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 30th most populous municipality in the European Union . Its Old Town , with an area of 4 km ² , contains three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Alcázar palace complex , the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies . The Seville harbour , located about 80 km from the Atlantic Ocean , is the only river port in Spain . Seville is also the hottest major metropolitan area in the geographical Western Europe , with summer average high temperatures of above 35 ° C. Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis . It later became known as Ishbiliya after the Muslim conquest in 712 . During the Muslim rule in Spain , Seville came under the jurisdiction of the Caliphate of Córdoba before becoming the independent Taifa of Seville ; later it was ruled by the Muslim Almoravids and the Almohads until finally being incorporated into the Christian Kingdom of Castile under Ferdinand III in 1248 . After the discovery of the Americas , Seville became one of the economic centres of the Spanish Empire as its port monopolised the trans-oceanic trade and the Casa de Contratación ( House of Trade ) wielded its power , opening a Golden Age of arts and literature . In 1519 , Ferdinand Magellan departed from Seville for the first circumnavigation of the Earth . Coinciding with the Baroque period of European history , the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city 's culture ; then began a gradual economic and demographic decline as silting in the Guadalquivir forced the trade monopoly to relocate to the nearby port of Cádiz . The 20th century in Seville saw the tribulations of the Spanish Civil War , decisive cultural milestones such as the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 and Expo ' 92 , and the city 's election as the capital of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7428bcf4048085cc442938975464db49", "text": "List of Bienes de Interés Cultural in the Province of Seville This is a list of Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Seville , Spain . Ex-Monastery of San Isidoro del Campo Chapel of Antiguo Seminario Santa María de Jesús Gate of Sevilla ( Carmona ) Walls of Seville Church of Santa Catalina ( Sevilla ) Chapel of San José ( Sevilla ) Collegiate Church of Osuna", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8298a7ce432e4b00a7161808ccffa4", "text": "Salamanca (Madrid) Salamanca is one of the 21 districts that form the city of Madrid , Spain . Salamanca is located to the northeast of the historical center of Madrid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9875b0112e2517156a887ba9a45e547", "text": "Seville (band) Seville is a rock group formed in the winter of 2001 , by Mike Marsh of the Agency and Dan Bonebrake of The Vacant Andys , joined the now-well-known Dashboard Confessional . They disbanded in 2003 , with all members following other projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fb83580539949920d433fdc18712b69", "text": "Guillena Guillena is a city located in the province of Seville , Spain . According to the 2005 census ( INE ) , the city has a population of 9035 inhabitants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "899ea64bc964746e95b3d398affc472b", "text": "Palace of the Countess of Lebrija The Lebrija Palace or el Palacio de la Condesa de Lebrija can be found in one of Seville city centre 's busiest streets , Calle Cuna , parallel to the Calle Sierpes . Dating from the 16th century , it is considered one of the best residences in Seville . The palace is characterised by its collection of Roman mosaics , which paved almost the entire ground floor and lead the palace to be considered the ` best paved house-palace in Europe ' . There is also a great collection of well paraphets , amphoras , columns and sculptures of huge artist value . Its walls are a palette of architectural styles with elements such as Arabic-style arches , Plateresque decoration , tiles retrieved from ruined convent , a coffered ceiling from a 16th palace and a renaissance frieze , while its façade and layout remain true to typical Andalusian style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a8ae91361a5e1c3be734b02aece0f7", "text": "Guadaíra The Guadaíra is a river that runs through the province of Seville , in Andalusia , southern Spain . Its name contains the same guad root as the much larger Rio Guadalquivir , coming from the Arabic word wadi , meaning `` river valley '' . The river runs through the town of Alcalá de Guadaíra in the Seville 's metropolitan area . The upper river watershed is from the land to the east and south-east of the town , it proceeds through the town and joins the Guadalquivir to the south of Seville . The river has for many years been heavily contaminated with the by-products of olive processing and other waste being dumped directly into the river . Large amounts of foam and an unpleasant smell are not uncommon features of the river in the winter . In spite of this the river provides a haven for much wildlife as its banks are well covered with trees and vegetation . On the southern side of the river is a large area of picturesque stone pine woodland , Oromana , and this is a favourite site for weekend and fiesta day outings for both locals and tourists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ef3ca640eb4fef199cb03ef4b94d53", "text": "Plazas de soberanía The plazas de soberanía ( -LSB- ˈplaθaz ðe soβeɾaˈni.a -RSB- , literally `` places of sovereignty '' ) are the Spanish sovereign territories in North Africa . These are separate pieces of land scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco . The name refers to the fact that these territories have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern Spanish State ( 1492 -- 1556 ) , and are distinguished from African territories obtained by Spain during the 19th and 20th century . Historically , a distinction was made between the so-called `` major sovereign territories '' , comprising the cities of Ceuta and Melilla , and the `` minor sovereign territories '' , referring to a number of smaller enclaves and islands along the coast . In the present , the term refers mainly to the latter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ca798ac50f737db3033fe3566785c29", "text": "Granada War The Granada War ( Guerra de Granada ) was a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1492 , during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs ( los Reyes Católicos ) Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon , against the Nasrid dynasty 's Emirate of Granada . It ended with the defeat of Granada and its annexation by Castile , ending all Islamic rule on the Iberian peninsula ( al-Andalus ) . The ten-year war was not a continuous effort , but a series of seasonal campaigns launched in spring and broken off in winter . The Granadans were crippled by internal conflict and civil war , while the Christians were generally unified . The war also saw the effective use of artillery by the Christians to rapidly conquer towns that would otherwise have required a long siege . On January 2 , 1492 Muhammad XII of Granada ( King Boabdil ) surrendered the Emirate of Granada , the city of Granada , and the Alhambra palace to the Castilian forces . The war was a joint project between Isabella 's Crown of Castile and Ferdinand 's Crown of Aragon . The bulk of the troops and funds for the war came from Castile , and Granada was annexed into Castile 's lands . The Crown of Aragon was less important : apart from the presence of King Ferdinand himself , Aragon provided naval collaboration , guns , and some financial loans . Aristocrats were offered the allure of new lands , while Ferdinand and Isabella centralized and consolidated power . The aftermath of the war saw the end of convivencia ( `` live and let live '' ) between religions In the Iberian peninsula : the Jews were forced to convert to Christianity or be exiled in 1492 , and by 1501 , all of Granada 's Muslims were obliged to either convert to Christianity , become slaves , or be exiled ; by 1526 this prohibition spread to the rest of Spain . `` New Christians '' ( conversos ) came to be accused of crypto-Islam and crypto-Judaism . Spain would go on to model its national aspirations as the guardian of Christianity and Catholicism . The fall of the Alhambra is still celebrated every year by the City Council of Granada , and the Granada War is considered in traditional Spanish historiography as the final war of the Reconquista . At the same time , and uniquely in the `` Reconquista '' , the Granada War itself is never called `` the reconquest of Granada '' '' , but rather `` the conquest of Granada '' . Granada had never been Christian before the `` reconquista '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cc8ee2c4495d02770dcd31d199ef004", "text": "Ramón de Bonifaz Ramón de Bonifaz ( 1196-1252 or 1256 ) was a medieval Spanish naval leader best known for breaking a river barricade leading to the capture of Seville from the Moors . Bonifaz made his fortune as a merchant in Burgos , a city on the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela , and may have descended from one of the many French or Italian families that settled along the sacred way . He had achieved clear financial success by 1227 when he purchased an extremely expensive house . Having made his fortune , Bonifaz served as alcalde or mayor of the city for much of the early thirteenth century . In 1247 King Ferdinand of Castile and León ordered Bonifaz to organize a fleet to join in the reconquista of Seville . Bonifaz drew his motley navy mostly from ships in the Bay of Biscay and took them up the Guadalquivir River to attack the Almohad held city . Moorish ships from Seville , Ceuta , and Tangier met Bonifaz at the mouth of the Guadalquivir . Bonifaz 's force of thirteen large ships combined with smaller vessels sunk several ships and drove the others away . In 1248 , Bonifaz famously broke the city 's river defenses leading to the fall of Seville . The Moors barricaded the river with a pontoon bridge braced with a heavy , metal chain that stretched from the Torre del Oro ( Tower of the Gold ) to the opposite bank . The bridge connected Seville to the outlying neighborhood of Triana and became the only supply line for the besieged city . Bonifaz rammed the barrier with fortified boats and broke the barricade . Without a source of provisions , Seville soon surrendered . Bonifaz received many honors for his role in the reconquest of Seville . He was made a royal official in 1252 , and may have been the first Admiral of Castile even though some scholars consider the evidence for Bonifaz having this title weak . Bonifaz 's descendants played a major role in the political and social life of Burgos for more than a century after the admiral 's death . The coat of arms of Cantabria shows Bonifaz breaking the chains across the Guadalquivir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25be888c2cc1d350d6abf4cd646a8ee2", "text": "Sevillanas Sevillanas ( -LSB- seβiˈʝanas -RSB- ) are a type of folk music and dance of Seville and its region . They were derived from the Seguidilla , an old Castilian folk music and dance genre . In the nineteenth century they were influenced by Flamenco . They have a relatively limited musical pattern but are rich in lyrics based on country life , virgins , country towns , neighborhoods , pilgrimage , and love themes . They are sung by a plethora of local groups , like the Los Romeros de la Puebla , Los Amigos de Gines , Las Corraleras de Lebrija , Cantores de Hispalis , and Los del Río . Every year , dozens of new sevillanas on CD are published . Sevillanas can be heard mainly in fairs and festivals , including the famous Seville Fair , La Feria de Abril . There is an associated dance for the music : `` Baile por sevillanas '' , consisting of four different parts . One can find schools teaching `` baile por sevillanas '' in nearly every town in Spain . Sevillanas Rocieras are a religiously oriented genre of the Sevillana , with particular emphasis on the Virgin of the Rocío . They are sung in numerous religious and cultural events in the South of the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1370a07f2a5215fcc56ba26447fef8b2", "text": "Lleida Lleida ( -LSB- ˈʎɛjðə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʎejðɛ -RSB- ; Lérida -LSB- ˈleɾiða -RSB- ) is a city in the west of Catalonia , Spain . It is the capital city of the province of Lleida . Geographically , it is located in the Catalan Central Depression . It is also the capital city of the Segrià comarca , as well as the largest city in the province . It had 137,387 inhabitants , including the contiguous municipalities of Raimat and Sucs . Lleida is one of the oldest towns in Catalonia , with recorded settlements dating back to the Bronze Age period . Until the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula , the area served as a settlement for an Iberian people , the Ilergetes . The town became a municipality , named Ilerda , under the reign of Augustus . It was reconquered in 1149 , after being ruled by the Moors for many centuries , who had conquered the town in the 8th century . In 1297 , the University of Lleida was founded , becoming the third oldest in the whole of Spain . During the following centuries , the town was damaged by several wars such as the Reapers ' War in the 17th century and the Spanish Civil War in the 20th century . Since then , the city has been in a constant urban , commercial and demographic growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b47fec6e34cfa79fef235f8dd95199e", "text": "Archbishop's Palace, Seville The Archbishop 's Palace of Seville ( Palacio Arzobispal ) is a palace in Seville , Spain . It has served as the residence of bishops and archbishops of the episcopal sees and numerous nobleman and military figures to the present time . It is located in the southern section of Seville , in the Plaza Virgen de los Reyes , angled almost opposite the Giralda . It is situated on the northeastern side of Seville Cathedral in the neighborhood of Santa Cruz . Of Spanish Baroque architectural style , it has had the status of National Monument since 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59dc93cd4f3890686861a4e6ecac9c87", "text": "Province of Huelva Huelva ( -LSB- ˈwelβa -RSB- , -LSB- ˈwɛɹβa -RSB- ) is a province of southern Spain , in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia . It is bordered by Portugal , the provinces of Badajoz , Seville , and Cádiz , and the Atlantic Ocean . Its capital is Huelva . Its area is 10,148 km ² . Its population is 483,792 ( 2005 ) , of whom about 30 % live in the capital , and its population density is 47.67 / km ² . It contains 79 municipalities . The economy is based on agriculture and mining . The famous Rio Tinto mines have been worked since before 1000 BC , and were the major source of copper for the Roman Empire . As an indication of the scope of ancient mining , sixteen million tons of Roman slag have been identified at the Roman mines . British companies resumed large-scale mining in 1873 ; the district is the namesake of the Rio Tinto Group . The province contains Palos de la Frontera , and Moguer , where Christopher Columbus sailed out of on his first voyage in 1492 , and shares the Parque Nacional de Doñana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ecc0518977a36f36ac152c212e557cf", "text": "Instinción Instinción ( -LSB- instinˈθjon -RSB- , -LSB- ɪ̃ʰtːɪnˈθjon -RSB- ) is a municipality of Almería province , in the autonomous community of Andalusia , Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99712dad61e609bbf95bdfe9ca0e0205", "text": "Isla de La Cartuja Isla de la Cartuja ( Island of the Carthusians ) was an island in the Guadalquivir River at Seville , Spain . The island 's name derives from the cloistered monastery ( Cartuja ) located on the site , the Monasterio de Santa María de las Cuevas , where Cristopher Columbus lived when planning the voyage to the west . The world 's fair to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the first Columbian expeditions , the Expo '92 was located here . Before 1992 , the island was completely isolated between two Guadalquivir river branches . After the rearrangement of the river channel system on the occasion of Expo ' 92 , it was joined to mainland by a wide isthmus in the South with Triana neighbourhood . The former island is connected by notable bridges , such as the Calatrava designed Puente del Alamillo and the Puente de la Barqueta . Among other infrastructures and buildings located on the Isla de la Cartuja , the most important is Cartuja 93 park , a research and development complex , employing 15,000 persons . The La Cartuja Stadium , University Schools of Engineering and Communications , the musealized Pavilion of Navigation , the Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo ( Andalusian Contemporary Art Center ) and the Jardín Americano ( American Garden , a public botanic garden ) are also located here . Additionally , La Cartuja houses several discothèques , and a number of concert halls and theaters , including the Rocío Jurado auditorium , and the Central Theatre , as well as the amusement park Isla Mágica . Museums in the area include The Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo ( CAAC ) ) in the former Monastery of Santa Maria de las Cuevas also known as the Monastery of the Cartuja . The neighbourhood and city district has been the focus of urbanization plans for at least a decade . New residential areas and commercial zones have been developed in the neighborhood , and major plans , such as the skyscraper Cajasol Tower , now known as the Sevilla Tower and recently completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3098c09bab5cddc7a7cb9224d439d662", "text": "Pilas, Spain Pilas is a municipality in the province of Seville , Spain . Category : Municipalities of the Province of Seville", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08c1bb6704b509afb32e350a8ca519f8", "text": "Seville Expo '92 The Universal Exposition of Seville ( Expo ' 92 ) took place from Monday , April 20 to Monday , October 12 , 1992 on La Isla de La Cartuja ( Cartuja Island ) , Seville , Spain . The theme for the Expo was `` The Age of Discovery '' and over 100 countries were represented . The total amount of land used for the Expo was 215 hectares and the total number of visitors was 41,814,571 ( as per the Bureau International des Expositions ( BIE ) website ) . Although not related , the exposition ran at the same time as the smaller Genoa Expo ' 92 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4f2a0e24752a1894e6f6fb7a930f21", "text": "Castilians Castilians ( Spanish : castellanos ) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León , the northern and eastern parts of Castile-La Mancha , and the Madrid community , who are the source of the Spanish language ( Castilian ) among other aspects of cultural identity . However , not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian . For this reason , the exact limits of what Castile is today are disputed . As an ethnicity , they are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula , which is split in two by the Sistema Central mountain range and Northern or `` Old Castile '' from southern or `` New Castile '' , the latter being somewhat closer in terms of culture and dialect to southern regions of Spain such as Andalusia , Extremadura and Murcia . Through the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Castile ( later Crown of Castile ) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula , especially towards the southern Spanish regions . After this , since the 15th century , through the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the Castilians also spread over the New World , bringing with them not only their language , but also elements of their culture and traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "871cd01c5f84ea17a462955b89f9a26d", "text": "Santa Marta Santa Marta , officially Distrito Turístico , Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta ( `` Touristic , Cultural and Historic District of Santa Marta '' ) , is a city in Colombia . It is the capital of the department of Magdalena and fourth largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia , after Barranquilla , Cartagena , and Soledad . Founded on July 29 , 1525 , by the Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas , it was the first Spanish settlement in Colombia , and is the oldest surviving city in that country , and second oldest in South America . This city is situated on a bay of the same name and as such , is a prime tourist destination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "239b61082a858476610b7cb1510a860c", "text": "Rivas-Vaciamadrid Rivas-Vaciamadrid ( -LSB- ˈribas baθiamaˈðɾið -RSB- , -LSB- ˈribas baθiamaˈðɾiθ , - ˈðɾi -RSB- ) is the 15th most populated city in the Community of Madrid , Spain . It belongs to the Madrid metropolitan area and is located just 15 km from central Madrid , to the south-east . In the southern part of the municipality , the Manzanares river flows into the Jarama , which is part of the Lower Manzanares and Jarama Rivers Regional Park . Almost three quarters of the municipality form part of the park , making it an important ecological centre with numerous lakes and various species of wildlife and fauna . It has been one of the fastest growing municipalities in Spain in recent years , growing from 500 inhabitants in the 1980s to its current figure of 84,000 . It is bordered to the north by Madrid and San Fernando de Henares , to the south by Arganda del Rey and San Martín de la Vega , to the east by Mejorada del Campo and Velilla de San Antonio , and to the west by Getafe and Madrid ( the district of Villa de Vallecas . ) Rivas-Vaciamadrid municipality is the seventh richest in Spain , according to a 2014 list , and has the fourth lowest rate of population in risk of poverty , among municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants . It is the most populated city in Spain governed by United Left .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d9f4775a2773c1c0b23c1f7d6cbb4f13", "text": "Grey's Anatomy Grey 's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) as a mid-season replacement on March 27 , 2005 . The series focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns , residents and attending physicians , as they evolve into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships . The title is a play on Gray 's Anatomy , a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray . The show 's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes , who serves as an executive producer , along with Betsy Beers , Mark Gordon , Krista Vernoff , Rob Corn , Mark Wilding , and Allan Heinberg . Although it is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital ( formerly Seattle Grace ) it is primarily filmed in Los Angeles , California . The show was originally titled Complications , a reference to the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters . The series was created to be racially diverse , utilizing a color-blind casting technique . It revolves around the title character , Dr. Meredith Grey , played by Ellen Pompeo . The original cast consisted of nine star-billed actors : Pompeo , Sandra Oh , Katherine Heigl , Justin Chambers , T. R. Knight , Chandra Wilson , James Pickens Jr. , Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey . The cast has undergone major changes through the show 's run , with many members leaving and being replaced by others . In its twelfth season , the show had a large ensemble of sixteen actors , including four from the original cast . On February 10 , 2017 , ABC renewed Grey 's Anatomy for a fourteenth season , which will premiere in the fall of 2017 . Grey 's Anatomy , even in its thirteenth season , is ABC 's highest-rated drama ; although its ratings have fallen over the course of its run ( it was once among the overall top 10 shows in the United States ) , it is still one of the highest rated shows among the 18 -- 49 demographic , and the No. 3 drama on all of broadcast television . Grey 's Anatomy has been well received by critics throughout much of its run , and has been included in various critics 's year-end top ten lists . Since its inception , the show has been described by the media outlets as a television `` phenomenon '' or a `` juggernaut , '' owing to its longevity and dominant ratings . It is considered to have had a significant impact on popular culture and has received numerous awards , including the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama . It has received multiple Emmy nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series . In 2012 , Grey 's Anatomy was named the fifth-highest revenue earning show , in terms of advertising per half-hour . It is the longest running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC , and the second-longest scripted primetime ABC show ever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b543a20e7874a8becc0ad68b1489f945", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award The Primetime Emmy Award is an American award bestowed by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) in recognition of excellence in American primetime television programming . First given in 1949 , the award was originally referred to as simply the `` Emmy Awards '' until the first Daytime Emmy Award ceremonies were held in 1974 , and the word `` prime time '' was added to distinguish between the two . The Primetime Emmy Awards generally air in mid-September , on the Sunday before the official start of the fall television season . They are currently seen in rotation among the four major networks ( ABC , CBS , Fox , and NBC ) . The ceremony is typically moved to late-August if it is broadcast by NBC ( such as in 2006 , 2010 , and 2014 ) , so that it does not conflict with NBC 's commitment to broadcasting Sunday-night NFL games ( due to another conflict , this time with the MTV Video Music Awards , the 2014 ceremony was also shifted to a Monday ) . They are considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards ( film ) , Grammy Awards ( music ) , and Tony Awards ( stage ) . The awards are divided into three categories : the Primetime Emmy Awards , the Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards , and the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b59f8586904f857d05e490aa1d23b6a2", "text": "Shortland Street Shortland Street is a New Zealand prime-time soap opera centring on the fictitious Shortland Street Hospital , first broadcast on TVNZ 2 on 25 May 1992 . It is the country 's longest-running drama and soap opera , being broadcast continuously for over 6,000 episodes and 25 years , and is one of the most watched television programmes in New Zealand . The show was originally screened as five half-hour episodes each week and initially receiving mixed reviews on its premiere . After its launch it dropped in ratings and would have been cancelled if TVNZ had not ordered a year 's worth of episodes in advance . TVNZ renewed the production in early 1993 when the show 's rating had picked up , and it now has `` long-term public enthusiasm '' . Today , it is one of New Zealand 's highest-rated shows , frequently making AGB Nielsen Media Research 's top 5 programmes of the week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d763240410adc4b7e91b929035503a48", "text": "Mind Games (TV series) Mind Games is an American drama television series created by Kyle Killen that aired on ABC . The show is about two brothers who run a problem solving firm called Edwards And Associates that employs solutions based on psychological manipulation . It premiered on February 25 , 2014 , and was canceled on March 27 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "952b1ae56899e27165b2f04650573768", "text": "List of Scandal episodes Scandal is an American political thriller television series created by Shonda Rhimes , which premiered on ABC on April 5 , 2012 . Kerry Washington stars as Olivia Pope , a former White House Communications Director who leaves to start her own crisis management firm , Pope and Associates , where she works to keep the secrets and protect the public images of the country 's most powerful and elite . On staff at the new firm are fresh-faced lawyer Quinn Perkins ( Katie Lowes ) ; smooth talking litigator Harrison Wright ( Columbus Short ) ; investigator Abby Whelan ( Darby Stanchfield ) ; and computer hacker with a CIA past Huck ( Guillermo Diaz ) . The show also focuses on President of the United States Fitzgerald Grant ( Tony Goldwyn ) ; First Lady Mellie Grant ( Bellamy Young ) ; White House Chief of Staff Cyrus Beene ( Jeff Perry ) ; Vice President and eventual presidential candidate Sally Langston ( Kate Burton ) ; U.S. Attorney David Rosen ( Joshua Malina ) ; Head of NSA , Jake Ballard ( Scott Foley ) ; chairwoman Elizabeth North ( Portia de Rossi ) ; activist Marcus Walker ( Cornelius Smith Jr. ) ; and head of B613 Eli Pope ( Joe Morton ) . On February 10 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a seventh season . It was later announced it will be the final season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ec97a8d2d24cfb5482419c274f26eeb", "text": "Moon Over Miami (TV series) Moon Over Miami is an American drama and crime series that aired on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598132b6be8b2bc93fc147f52404e609", "text": "Scrubs (season 2) The second season of the American comedy television series Scrubs premiered on NBC on September 26 , 2002 and concluded on April 17 , 2003 and consists of 22 episodes . For the second season Neil Flynn was made a series regular . Colin Hay guest starred for the first time . It is also the first time an episode gives the narration to another regular , in `` His Story '' . The show used a longer opening credits sequence for episodes 1 and 2 , moving through the ward rather than just two beds , including a shot of Flynn as The Janitor , showing the names of the series regulars and ending with the chest X-ray showing the heart on the left side of the chest . NBC wanted longer content in the episodes so the credits permanently returned to the shorter version in episode 3 , without Flynn nor actors names and with the mirror image chest X-ray . The second season focuses on Dr. John Dorian 's second year practicing medicine at Sacred Heart , where he is now a resident . In the season opener , everyone is still in shock from the secrets Jordan just revealed ( `` My Last Day '' ) . As the season develops , J.D. 's older brother Dan ( Tom Cavanagh ) comes to visit , money issues affect J.D. , Elliot , and Turk , Turk proposes to Carla , and Elliot finds a new boyfriend , a nurse named Paul Flowers ( Rick Schroder ) . Dr. Cox resumes a sexual relationship with his ex-wife Jordan , with quite unexpected results .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb5a280496c6840c4c15eb6bd67efcaf", "text": "Chandra Wilson Chandra Danette Wilson ( born August 27 , 1969 ) is an American actress , known for her role as Dr. Miranda Bailey in the ABC television drama Grey 's Anatomy since 2005 , for which she has been nominated for the Emmy for Best Supporting Actress four times . She made her New York stage debut in 1991 and began to land guest spots on a variety of prime-time television shows . She made her first film appearance in the 1993 film Philadelphia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5937f3cfe0e0c63419b79273fbc167a", "text": "Century City (TV series) Century City is an American science fiction-legal drama television series set in Los Angeles in the year 2030 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4fa67d5fe94bda2a67255bb3ab56896", "text": "List of ER episodes ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Entertainment , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . Over the course of the series , 331 episodes aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c0975072dfbf820079bd8c10201418", "text": "The Practice (1985 TV series) The Practice was a 1985 British television soap opera produced for ITV by Granada Television , which aired for two series in 1985 and 1986 . The series was first introduced as a twice-weekly medical drama in January 1985 , becoming Granada 's second regular networked soap opera along with Coronation Street , with the idea being that its hard-hitting storylines would be a competitor with the BBC 's EastEnders which started airing the following month . The Practice was set in a GP 's surgery in the fictional Manchester suburb of Castlehulme and had an initial run of 34 episodes airing for 30 minutes in an early evening slot on Friday and Sunday evenings throughout the Winter and Spring of 1985 . However , the series did not perform as well as had been hoped and it disappeared from screens in May 1985 . It returned for a second run of 13 one-hour episodes between May and August 1986 , this time airing in a 9pm slot on Friday evenings . After series two ended no further episodes were made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16a5238cbac0db51555982a47fa9322b", "text": "Mercy Street (TV series) Mercy Street is an American period medical drama television series created by Lisa Wolfinger and David Zabel . It is set during the Civil War and follows two volunteer nurses from opposing sides who work at the Mansion House Hospital in Alexandria , Virginia . The first season of six episodes premiered on-demand on January 14 , 2016 and made its broadcast debut on January 17 , 2016 on PBS with 3.3 million viewers . PBS announced in early March 2016 that Mercy Street had been renewed for a second season which premiered on January 22 , 2017 . On March 9 , 2017 , PBS cancelled the series after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5b787a280a61806a490288adf9b6a2b", "text": "Casualty (series 15) The fifteenth series of the British medical drama television series Casualty commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 16 September 2000 and finished on 28 April 2001 . It saw another increase , this time to 36 episodes , including two hour-long self-contained ` specials ' , Sympathy for the Devil ( episode 8 ) and Something from the Heart ( episode 23 ) , which were shown in addition to the regular Saturday night episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "126f2d32b7efeceda76f3e9676965282", "text": "Tim Griffin (actor) Tim Griffin is a film and television actor best known for his roles in Grey 's Anatomy , Prime Suspect , Covert Affairs and Wayward Pines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7baff779b335706058f4b58fd20c834a", "text": "Guiding Light (1990–99) The Guiding Light ( TGL ) is currently the longest-running American television soap opera . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da6d5cf44437615564c3c2c52924257", "text": "Miami Medical Miami Medical ( formerly titled Miami Trauma ) is a medical drama television series that aired on CBS from April 2 to July 2 , 2010 . It follows the professional and private lives of a team of trauma surgeons . The series was created by Jeffrey Lieber and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television and Warner Bros. . Television . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS cancelled the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1969ac4f7bdbc35cf63099363487f62", "text": "Emergency! Not to be confused with Emergency , a TV program aired on GMA Network in the Philippines . Emergency ! is an American television series that combines the medical drama and action-adventure genres . It was a joint production of Mark VII Limited and Universal Television . It debuted on NBC as a midseason replacement on January 15 , 1972 , replacing the two short-lived series The Partners and The Good Life , and ran until May 28 , 1977 , with six additional two-hour television films during the next two years . Emergency ! was created and produced by Jack Webb and Robert A. Cinader , who were also responsible for the police dramas Adam-12 and Dragnet . Harold Jack Bloom is also credited as a creator ; Webb does not receive screen credit as a creator . In the show 's original TV-movie pilot , Webb was credited only as its director . The series stars Randolph Mantooth and Kevin Tighe as two specially trained firefighters , who formed Squad 51 , part of the then innovative field of paramedics , who were authorized to provide initial emergency medical care to victims of accidents , fires , and other incidents in the field in order to stabilize them for transport to medical facilities . The plot of the initial pilot film described the passing of state legislation , eventually signed by then State Governor Ronald Reagan , and was called `` The Wedsworth-Townsend Act . '' It authorized paramedic units to operate in the field without conventional medical personnel on site , albeit in radio contact with an assigned hospital . Squad 51 worked in concert with the fictional Rampart General Hospital medical staff ( portrayed by Robert Fuller , Julie London , and Bobby Troup ) , who took over each patient 's case from the paramedics who worked in the field . Nearly 30 years after Emergency ! debuted , the Smithsonian Institution accepted Emergency ! memorabilia into its National Museum of American History 's public-service section , including the firefighters ' helmets , turnouts , biophone , and defibrillator . The vehicles of Station 51 are a part of the collection of the Los Angeles County Fire Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0333be6a4cca2b80c176a1238be0956b", "text": "Beautiful Doom `` Beautiful Doom '' is the fifth episode of the ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , and the show 's 177th episode overall . Written by Jeannine Renshaw and directed by Stephen Cragg , the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) in the United States on November 8 , 2012 . The initial airing was viewed by 9.26 million people and garnered a 3.3 / 8 Nielsen rating in the 18 -- 49 demographic , registering the show as the week 's highest rated television drama . Grey 's Anatomy centers around a group of physicians struggling to balance their professional lives with their personal lives . In the episode Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) relives the memories of her half-sister Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) who died in the season eight finale plane crash when a patient with similar crush injuries comes into the hospital . The episode also focuses on Cristina Yang ( Sandra Oh ) who deals with the death of her Minnesota mentor Dr. Craig Thomas ( William Daniels ) in the middle of surgery . Meredith in spite of opposition from Richard Webber ( James Pickens Jr. ) tries to treat the crash victim while dealing with her personal feelings relating Lexie . She also juggles her daughter Zola at the hospital with the absence of her husband , Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) , with Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) and Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) helping her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74698863dd95e34b584d210fa5a27623", "text": "Instinct (2017 TV series) Instinct is an upcoming American drama television series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3bb939e66664994351bd630b581dcf19", "text": "Lauren Bacall Lauren Bacall ( -LSB- ˌlɔːrən_bəˈkɔːl -RSB- , born Betty Joan Perske ; September 16 , 1924 -- August 12 , 2014 ) was an American actress and singer known for her distinctive voice and sultry looks . She was named the 20th greatest female star of Classic Hollywood cinema by the American Film Institute , and received an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2009 , `` in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures . '' Bacall began her career as a model , before making her debut as a leading lady with Humphrey Bogart in the film To Have and Have Not in 1944 . She continued in the film noir genre with appearances with Bogart in The Big Sleep ( 1946 ) , Dark Passage ( 1947 ) , and Key Largo ( 1948 ) , and starred in the romantic comedies How to Marry a Millionaire ( 1953 ) with Marilyn Monroe and Designing Woman ( 1957 ) with Gregory Peck . She co-starred with John Wayne in his final film , The Shootist ( 1976 ) . Bacall also worked on Broadway in musicals , earning Tony Awards for Applause ( 1970 ) and Woman of the Year ( 1981 ) . Her performance in The Mirror Has Two Faces ( 1996 ) earned her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination . A month before her 90th birthday , Bacall died in New York City after a stroke .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4fb1a42c757a8edf720db74b0258fc40", "text": "Lauren German Lauren Christine German ( born November 29 , 1978 ) is an American actress . She had her first major role in the 2002 romantic drama film A Walk to Remember , followed by roles in the horror films The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ( 2003 ) and Hostel : Part II ( 2007 ) . From 2011 to 2012 , German had a recurring role as DHS agent Lori Weston in the second season of the CBS police drama Hawaii Five-0 , and from 2012 to 2014 , she starred as Leslie Shay in the NBC drama Chicago Fire . In 2016 , she began starring as Det. Chloe Decker in the Fox fantasy comedy-drama Lucifer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1f583ec7e857432bc2001bb0929cb9", "text": "Laura San Giacomo Laura San Giacomo ( born November 14 , 1962 ) is an American actress known for playing the role of Maya Gallo on the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me ! , Kit De Luca in the film Pretty Woman , and Cynthia in Sex , Lies , and Videotape as well as other work on television and in films . She played the role of Holly Hunter 's childhood best friend on the TNT crime drama series Saving Grace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2881e569d5d63d1f7868775f0ddbd90", "text": "American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist ( now titled Favorite Female Artist - Country ) has been awarded since 1974 . Years reflect the year in which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) . The all-time winner in this category is Reba McEntire with ten ( ' 88 ' , ' 89 , ' 90 , ' 91 , ' 92 , ' 93 , ' 94 , ' 95 , ' 98 , ' 04 ) wins stretching across three decades . McEntire was also the first woman to win the award 8 years in a row . Second place belongs to Barbara Mandrell ( ' 81 , ' 82 , ' 83 , ' 84 , ' 85 , ' 87 ) and Taylor Swift ( ' 08 , ' 09 , ' 10 , ' 11 , ' 12 , ' 13 ) , who both won the award six times . Tied in third place are Faith Hill ( ' 01 , ' 02 , ' 03 , and ' 06 ) , Shania Twain ( ' 96 , ' 97 , ' 99 , and ' 00 ) , and Carrie Underwood ( ' 07 , ' 14 , ' 15 , and ' 16 ) , who have each won 4 times , respectively . Crystal Gayle ( ' 79 , ' 80 , and ' 86 ) has won three times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2518075892716b413588ea5c4636f1f", "text": "Moods (Barbara Mandrell album) Moods is a studio album by American country music singer , Barbara Mandrell , released in September 1978 . Moods became Mandrell 's most successful album during her career up to this point . The album spawned two singles , both of which became # 1 country hits , `` Sleeping Single in a Double Bed '' and a remake of the popular Luther Ingram R&B hit , '' ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' . Both singles also charted on the Pop and Adult Contemporary charts . `` If Loving You Is Wrong '' became Mandrell 's only Top 40 Pop hit , peaking at # 31 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart . The popularity of these singles made `` Moods '' a success , peaking at # 8 on the Top Country Albums chart - her highest charting album at that time . The album peaked on the Billboard 200 at # 132 . Moods consisted of 10 tracks , ranging from sultry ballads to bouncy pop tunes . The album foreshadowed the success Mandrell would have well into the 1980s , when she would achieve more best-selling albums and reach the pinnacle of her career . She would become one of the few women to win `` Entertainer of the Year '' ( and the first person to ever win it twice ) from the Country Music Association and would also win American Music Awards and two Grammy awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fb0706e9e12ac0760eaa97f22c2a852", "text": "American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R & B Female Artist has been awarded since 1974 . Years reflect the year during which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward , when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) . The all-time winner in this category is Rihanna with 6 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890cb53e5414a6e5217cdd7fc4f71c3f", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Angelina Jolie The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie . She received three Golden Globe Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of First Lady of Alabama Cornelia Wallace in George Wallace ( 1997 ) , troubled supermodel Gia Carangi in Gia ( 1998 ) , and a sociopathic mental patient in Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Her later performances as Mariane Pearl in A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Christine Collins in Changeling ( 2008 ) earned her additional nominations , including for an Academy Award for Best Actress . For her work in the action films Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , Mr. and Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and The Tourist ( 2010 ) , Jolie received awards based on popular votes , including an MTV Movie Award , two People 's Choice Awards , and four Teen Choice Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "512bd1cdfcf26d0910e53af15261f5e8", "text": "Sisters of '77 Sisters of '77 is a documentary film that chronicles the 1977 National Women 's Conference in Houston , Texas in November 1977 . The purpose of the National Women 's Conference was to end discrimination against women and promote their equal rights . The conference was federally funded conference , and brought together over 20,000 women and men from around the United States . Sisters of '77 provides a look at a pivotal weekend that changed the course of history and the lives of the women who attended . The film incorporates rare archival footage and interviews of leaders relating this history to the present . The conference attendees included former first ladies Lady Bird Johnson , Betty Ford , and Rosalynn Carter . The women present included Republicans , Democrats , African Americans , Asian Americans , Latinas , Native American , pro-choice , pro-life , straight , gay , liberal and conservative women . The most influential leaders attending included Bella Abzug , Betty Friedan , Gloria Steinem , Eleanor Smeal , Ann Richards , Coretta Scott King , Billie Jean King , and Barbara Jordan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eb773e255634d6dd841e2186f97a15", "text": "Bogart–Bacall syndrome Bogart -- Bacall syndrome ( BBS ) is a voice disorder that is caused by abuse or overuse of the vocal cords . People who speak or sing outside their normal vocal range can develop BBS ; symptoms are chiefly an unnaturally deep or rough voice , or dysphonia , and vocal fatigue . The people most commonly afflicted are those who speak in a low-pitched voice , particularly if they have poor breath and vocal control . The syndrome can affect both men and women . In 1988 an article was published , describing a discrete type of vocal dysfunction which results in men sounding like Humphrey Bogart and women sounding like Lauren Bacall . BBS is now the medical term for an ongoing hoarseness that often afflicts actors , singers or TV/radio voice workers who routinely speak in a very low pitch . Treatment usually involves voice therapy by a speech language pathologist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b935d107c1a8ef58009dc1e445a52e7", "text": "Lana Golja Lana Golja is an Australian actress . She is best known for her role of Nicola Grey in the television series Worst Year of My Life , Again ! which premiered on 26 April 2014 on ABC3 . She has also appeared on Winners & Losers , Upper Middle Bogan , House Husbands and Wentworth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "683119452c21a9f2b808130064f0bb81", "text": "The Women's Conference The Women 's Conference ( also known as the California Governor & First Lady 's Conference on Women ) is a nonprofit , nonpartisan US organization and annual forum for women . The event first began in 1986 as a California government initiative for working professionals and women business owners . Since 2004 , The Women 's Conference has become a large event at which people such as the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso , former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair , Oprah Winfrey , Barbara Walters , Jane Fonda , Martha Stewart , Tyra Banks , Sarah , Duchess of York , Tim Russert , Deepak Chopra , Tom Brokaw , Queen Rania of Jordan , Maureen Dowd , Sandra Day O'Connor , Thomas Friedman , Anna Quindlen , and Billie Jean King have spoken . Restructured by Shriver in 2010 , The Women 's Conference reportedly became the `` largest meeting of women in the country '' and a celebration of `` lives and lessons '' . Now known as the California Women 's Conference , its main stage presentations and seminar sessions have addressed personal topics such as work-life balance , service and volunteerism , healthy lifestyles , spirituality and families , professional issues such as professional development , financial planning , entrepreneurialism and communications , as well as social issues like women 's maternal health , global poverty , climate change and emergency preparedness . The event is staged at the Long Beach Convention Center in Long Beach , California , usually in the fall . Every year , substantial portions of the event are made available free through a live streaming webcast at The Women 's Conference 's web site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc22eb4c58212253884cb3028a42f89a", "text": "Carol Baum Carol Baum is an American movie producer best known for her work with Sandollar Productions , Dolly Parton 's TV and film production company with Sandy Gallin , Parton 's former manager .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50998009485e25b816d50cb857f69efe", "text": "The Gift of Love The Gift of Love is a 1958 De Luxe in CinemaScope film directed by Jean Negulesco and starring Lauren Bacall and Robert Stack . The film 's screenplay was based on the short story `` The Little Horse '' by Nelia Gardner White , originally published in a 1944 issue of Good Housekeeping , and previously made into the film Sentimental Journey ( 1946 ) , with John Payne and Maureen O'Hara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b96a7eadae7d14c8c236f8fb3481666", "text": "New York Woman New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts , literary and humorous essays , and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants , shops or films . Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area . It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986 . The first issue was published in September-October of that year . The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine 's sale to American Express Publishing , publisher of Travel + Leisure and Food & Wine . New York Woman '' 's founding publisher was Julie Lewit-Nirenberg , who was later the founding publisher of Mirabella , often referred to as a smart woman 's fashion magazine . Later she was a director of special projects at Conde-Nast . The magazine 's founding editor was Betsy Carter ( who went on to work for O , The Oprah Magazine , Oprah Winfrey 's magazine ) . The French graphic designer Fabien Baron used his creative director position at the magazine as an opportunity to further develop relationships with important clients in the fashion business such as Barneys and Calvin Klein . After leaving New York Woman , Baron continued to earn accolades for his fashion-oriented work in advertising and for magazines such as Harper 's Bazaar . Writers included the playwright Wendy Wasserstein , the Andy Warhol superstar Viva , the sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich , the comedy writer Merrill Markoe , the actress Theresa Meeker and Maureen Orth , who later wrote for Vanity Fair magazine.New York Woman '' ceased publication in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5513ec31d9d278c954fc86e231cfa988", "text": "Michele O'Marah Michele O'Marah ( born 1967 ) is an American video artist . Her works have been named among the best of 2002 and the best of 2010 by Artforum . O'Marah was born 1967 in Vallejo , California . She earned a B.F.A. from Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia , majoring in photography . O'Marah often remakes and reinterprets films , interviews , and other media . In the 2001 White Diamonds , Agent Orange , she recreated a 1970 60 Minutes interview with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton and paired the remade interview with a fictionalization of the Vietnam War . A critic in Flash Art reviewed the installation unfavorably , commenting that it `` left you with a sinking feeling that artists are fiddling around while Rome is burning . '' In 2002 , O'Marah created a full-length remake of the 1983 cult film Valley Girl on an extremely low budget , casting artist friends in the video and using a borrowed video camera . Discussing the project in a later interview , she stated , '' -LSB- M -RSB- y idea was to fail the original Valley Girl . One person can not replicate the job of an 80-person film crew . So I thought that my Valley Girl would be a process piece where the video would at times be a dismal failure ... because I could never perfectly re-create the original . '' She also stated , `` I wanted my video to expose the underlying myth of the original : that Prince Charming will pursue you to the ends of the earth ... The idea of remaking it and making the construction of my video really obvious just acknowledged that the story is a construction , too . '' Writing in Artforum , Bruce Hainley called the work `` a guerrilla tour de force and a heady meditation on the simple act of doing something again '' and praised it simultaneously `` entertainment , a document of a time period and locale , a DIY manifesto , a feminist commentary with acute style , and a meditation on continuity . '' In 2006 , O'Marah worked with David Jones and Tim Jackson to create the video Faustus 's Children , a take on the Faust legend . In the melodramatic video , non-actors `` deliver an amusingly fraught dialogue reflecting on the hubris of the haute bourgeoisie . '' In 2007 , O'Marah again recreated a historic interview , remaking the 1973 Firing Line interview of Black Panther leader Huey P. Newton by conservative author William F. Buckley . Her 2010 project A Girls ' Got ta Do What a Girl 's Got ta Do remade three scenes from the 1996 Pamela Anderson film Barb Wire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3b5d380611fc49c1b259e2daeb73acc", "text": "Baboon Woman Baboon Woman is a wildlife documentary starring Karin Saks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95cb885c29fcf6c05e80c93b3ad5df0e", "text": "The Kilroys' List The Kilroys ' List is a gender parity initiative to end the `` systematic underrepresentation of female and trans * playwrights '' in the American theater industry . Gender disparity is defined as the gap of unproduced playwrights ' whose plays are being discriminated against based on the writer 's gender identification and intersectional identities of race , sexual orientation , ethnicity , socioeconomic class , age , and ability . Recent statistical research released in November 2015 , entitled The Count , gathered that 22 % of total surveyed professional productions from 2011-2013 annual seasons were written by women playwrights , 3.8 % of the total were written by women playwrights of color , and 0.4 % of the total were written by foreign women playwrights of color . 78 % of total surveyed professional productions were written by men playwrights . First released in June 2014 , The List is an annual collection of highly-recommended contemporary plays written by female and trans * identified authors , which are read or seen by an industry professional within the last twelve months.The List was established by the The Kilroys , a group of Los Angeles-based female-identified playwrights and producers who were tired of their plays remaining unproduced while artistic directors claimed `` We chose the best plays '' for their theater companies ' annual seasons . The namesake of The Kilroys originated from the World War II graffiti tag , `` Kilroy Was Here . '' The tagline for The Kilroys is `` We Make Trouble and Plays . '' The Kilroys members include : Zakiyyah Alexander , Bekah Brunstetter , Sheila Callaghan , Carla Ching , Annah Feinberg , Sarah Gubbins , Laura Jacqmin , Joy Meads , Kelly Miller , Meg Miroshnik , Daria Polatin , Tanya Saracho , and Marisa Wegrzyn . The List 2014 featured the Top 46 , a collection of 46 plays highly-recommended by selected Nominators . The Nominators consisted of a number of contemporary theater artists and administrators currently working in the theater industry . The 2015 List : The Top 7 % featured 53 plays .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5aef5c345feb43c1c140277cc8e9fdf0", "text": "Miss Selfridge Miss Selfridge is a nationwide UK high street store which began as the young fashion section of Selfridges department store in London in 1966 . Miss Selfridge got its name when Charles Clore , the owner of Selfridges at the time , saw a window display in the Bonwit Teller store in New York City which showed `` Miss Bonwit '' dresses aimed specifically at teenagers . He later launched it throughout his Lewis 's & Selfridges stores throughout the UK", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5017ad345c4bbb4588bd19229a438af2", "text": "Kensington Arcade Kensington Arcade is a shopping centre in Kensington , London , England . It is located on Kensington High Street . The entrance to High Street Kensington tube station is within Kensington Arcade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d298e8ba1603f05c2bcc1a6474b23c", "text": "Heywood Hill Heywood Hill , ( HH ) , is a bookshop at 10 Curzon Street in the Mayfair district of London . The shop was opened by Heywood Hill on 3 August 1936 . As of 2016 the store was owned by Peregrine Cavendish , 12th Duke of Devonshire and was managed by his son-in-law , Nicky Dunne . The staff of the store has substantial expertise in the location and acquisition of rare books and collections of books . They have the ability to select and acquire a library meeting the bespoke requests of a customer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53db32393fbdc84ec022cd88e80b20e8", "text": "Pont Street Pont Street is a fashionable street in Knightsbridge and Belgravia , central London , England , not far from the Knightsbridge department store Harrods to the north-west . The street crosses Sloane Street in the middle , with Beauchamp Place to the west and Cadogan Place , and Chesham Place , to the east , eventually leading to Belgrave Square . On the west side Hans Place leads off the street to the north and Cadogan Square to the south .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6347fa892b3a91ae1c942271e5c09af5", "text": "Stoats Porridge Bars Stoats is a British company which sells porridge and other oat based products . Based in Edinburgh , Scotland , Stoats was founded in 2005 and retails in most British supermarkets with distribution across the world including Europe , Asia and UAE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c23a813b5647809e44eaeaf649a346d", "text": "Storefront A storefront or shopfront is the facade or entryway of a retail store located on the ground floor or street level of a commercial building , typically including one or more display windows . A storefront functions to attract visual attention to a business and its merchandise . Before the middle of the 19th century , shop fronts did not have large display windows , but often included features such as awnings and bay windows to attract the attention of passersby . Modern storefronts with display windows developed at mid-century after architectural cast iron became widely available and glass manufacturers began producing large panes of glass at relatively low cost . The storefronts of commercial buildings often are substantially altered even when other architectural elements remain intact . Such alterations can adversely affect a historic building 's architectural and historic character . E-commerce websites are sometimes called `` online storefronts '' or `` virtual storefronts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0d19b25f608da3ad717fb61e76e7284", "text": "Lord Street, Liverpool Lord Street is one of the main streets in central Liverpool , England that forms the city 's main shopping district . The street is relatively short at less than 300 metres in length , it joins onto Church Street to the east and James Street alongside Derby Square and the Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts . The majority of land to the south of Lord Street is occupied by the Liverpool One complex , whilst the likes of Cavern Walks and Bhs are located on the north side of the street . Category : Shopping streets in Liverpool Category : Streets in Liverpool", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1d994572888566871729431e1c87314", "text": "Strand, London Strand ( or the Strand ) is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster , Central London . It runs just over 3/4 mi from Trafalgar Square eastwards to Temple Bar , where the road becomes Fleet Street inside the City of London , and is part of the A4 , a main road running west from inner London . The road 's name comes from the Old English strond , meaning the edge of a river , as it historically ran alongside the north bank of the River Thames . The street was popular with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries , with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river . These included Essex House , Arundel House , Somerset House , Savoy Palace , Durham House and Cecil House . The aristocracy moved to the West End over the 17th century , following which the Strand became well known for coffee shops , restaurants and taverns . The street was a centre point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century , and several venues remain on the Strand . At the east end of the street are two historic churches : St Mary le Strand and St Clement Danes . Several authors , poets and philosophers have lived on or near the Strand , including Charles Dickens , Ralph Waldo Emerson and Virginia Woolf . The street has been commemorated in the song `` Let 's All Go Down the Strand '' , now recognised as a typical piece of Cockney music hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d123d80979cfbed84eebdd911fd1e12e", "text": "High Street High Street ( or the High Street , also High Road ) is a metonym for the concept ( and frequently the street name ) of the primary business street of towns or cities , especially in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations . To distinguish it from `` centres '' of nearby places it is frequently preceded unofficially by the name of its settlement . In a town it implies the focal point for business , especially shops and street stalls ( if any ) in town and city centres . As a generic shorthand presupposed upon linear settlements it may be used to denote more precise concepts such as the urban retail sector , town centre sectors of employment , all small shops and services outlets and even wider concepts taking in social concepts . The equivalent in the United States and some parts of Canada , as well as some Northern English and many Scottish towns , is Main Street . The smallest High Street in Britain is located in a small market town in Devon called Holsworthy . The street itself is no more than 100 yd long and there are only three shops located on Holsworthy 's High Street . High Street is the most common street name in the UK , which according to a 2009 statistical compilation has 5,410 High Streets , 3,811 Station Roads and 2,702 Main Streets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e281c4eb6bfa86919db283d3181e4c6e", "text": "Antique shop An antique shop ( or antiques shop ) is a retail store specializing in the selling of antiques . Antiques shops can be located either locally or , with the advent of the Internet , found online . An online antiques shop can also be located within an antique mall , where an individual antique seller can open a shop or stall and display their items for sale within the mall . Normally their stock is sourced from auctions , estate sales , flea markets , garage sales , etc. . Many items may pass through multiple antiques dealers along the product chain before arriving in a retail antiques shop . By their very nature , these shops sell unique items and are typically willing to buy items , even from individuals . The quality of these items may vary from very low to extremely high and expensive , depending on the nature and location of the shop . Frequently , many antique shops will be clustered together in nearby locations ; in the same town such as in many places in New England , on the same street such as on Portobello Road or Camden in London , or in an antique mall , especially if that antique dealer has another larger retail location outside of the mall or has a large online shop . Antiques shops may specialize in some particular segment of the market such as antique furniture or jewelry , but many shops stock a wide variety of inventory . Some shops are online-only sellers ; they have no physical retail location .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ef32d8c1679a340f889a2f042f5f7a2", "text": "The Mall (Bromley) The Mall is a shopping centre in Bromley , South East London , United Kingdom . It is small in size and is often overshadowed by the main shopping centre in Bromley The Glades . It is not connected with or owned by The Mall Fund , a company operating shopping centres across the UK using ` The Mall ' and then the town name as branding for each centre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f28e1361efa681e570525f231ebf1014", "text": "Business rates in England Business rates is the commonly used name of non-domestic rates , a tax on the occupation of non-domestic property ( National Non-Domestic Rates -- NNDR ) . Rates are a property tax with ancient roots that was formerly used to fund local services that was formalised with the Poor Law 1572 and superseded by the Poor Law of 1601 . The Local Government Finance Act 1988 introduced business rates in England and Wales from 1990 , repealing its immediate predecessor , the General Rate Act 1967 . The act also introduced business rates in Scotland , but as an amendment to the existing system which had evolved separately to that in the rest of Great Britain . Since the establishment , in 1997 , of a Welsh Assembly Government able to pass secondary legislation , the English and Welsh systems have been able to diverge . In 2015 business rates for Wales were devolved . The Local Government Finance Act 1988 , with follow-up legislation , provided a fresh administrative framework for assessing and billing , but did not redefine the legal unit of property , the hereditament , that had been developed through rating case law . Properties are assessed in a rating list with a rateable value , a valuation of their annual rental value on a fixed valuation date using assumptions fixed by statute . Rating lists are created and maintained by the Valuation Office Agency , a UK Government Executive Agency . Rating lists can be altered either to reflect changes in properties , or as valuations are appealed against . New rating lists are normally created every five years , however , the 2015 revaluation has been postponed until 2017 . In 2014-15 authorities collected a total of # 22.9 billion in business rates , representing 3.53 % of the total UK tax income and achieving an average in-year collection rate of 98.1 % . On 1 April 2013 a new system of business rates retention began in England . Before April 2013 all business rate income collected by councils formed a single , national pot , which was then distributed by government in the form of formula grant . Through the Local Government Finance Act 2012 , and regulations that followed , the Government gave local authorities the power to keep up to half of business rate income and transfer half of it centrally , to central government . The central share is then distributed to councils in the form of Revenue Support Grant . The other half kept by local authorities are then subjected to tariff , levy , top up and safety payments depending on the financial position of the council . According to the government the change gives financial incentives to councils to grow their local economies and increase their income from business rates . At the same time the new scheme has resulted in more risk and uncertainty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "687d115d6be5df9d5a43c2fe5ba0362b", "text": "Bluewater (shopping centre) Bluewater Shopping Centre ( commonly referred to as Bluewater ) is an out-of-town shopping centre in Stone ( postally Greenhithe ) , Kent , England , outside the M25 Orbital motorway , 17.8 mi east south-east of London 's centre . Opened on 16 March 1997 in a former chalk quarry after three years of building , the site including car parks occupies 240 acres and has a sales floor area of 154,000 m2 ( 1,600,000 ft2 ) over two levels , making it the fourth-largest shopping centre in the UK ( after the MetroCentre , Trafford Centre and Westfield Stratford City ) . Elsewhere in Europe only Istanbul 's Cevahir Mall and Vienna 's ( Vösendorf ) Shopping City Süd are bigger . The floor plan is a triangular shape with 330 stores , including 3 anchors , 40 cafés and restaurants , and a 13-screen cinema . The centre employs 7,000 people and serves over visitors a year . A main rival is the Lakeside Shopping Centre and its two retail parks by road 8 mi away in West Thurrock , Essex , just across the River Thames or 3.2 mi point-to-point . It is owned by four major UK institutions , Prudential plc and PRUPIM ( 35 % ) , Land Securities ( 30 % ) , the Lend Lease Retail Partnership ( 25 % ) and Hermes ( 10 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f40af53f9ad0525f42fad0151633b648", "text": "Toy store A toy store , or toy shop , is a retail business specializing in selling toys . No longer held to the limitations of a physical outlet , many toy stores now transact business over the Internet in addition to shops on the street . Many department stores also have toy sections . Among the most widely known toy retailers are Toys `` R '' Us and FAO Schwarz . The flagship store of Hamleys in London is the world 's largest toy shop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7f66e6dd50596e23854299906ba7a4f", "text": "The Perfume Shop The Perfume Shop is a United Kingdom perfume retailer founded in 1992 . The company was acquired by the world 's largest health and beauty retailer , A.S. Watson Group in 2005 . The company is based in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , with a distribution centre in Dunstable . It is the second largest fragrance retailer in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3e313b3a9f4cf5f66f95a55ead9d8ee", "text": "L&F Jones L&F Jones Holdings Ltd is a company based in Westfield , Somerset , England , that includes a convenience store chain , a wholesale food business , and a Best Western PLUS hotel . The store chain comprises twelve shops in Somerset , Wiltshire , Dorset , South Gloucestershire , and Bristol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c325679f46eb2d71d626d294d5718a8", "text": "McColl's McColls Retail Group is a British convenience store and newsagent operator , trading under the trading names McColls ( for convenience stores ) , Martins ( newsagents and variety stores ) and RS McColl for stores in Scotland . McColls also operate post offices in one third of the estate , making them the largest post office operator in the UK . The company was floated on the stock market in January 2014 . In July 2016 , wholly owned subsidiary - Martin McColl Ltd - announced it would acquire 298 stores from the Co-operative Group Limited ( subject to CMA approval ) for # 117 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbb23940ddff54edd3a4b23ba6733234", "text": "Poundland Poundland is a British variety store chain founded in 1990 that sells most items in its stores for # 1 , stocking over 3,000 products and employing 18,000 staff . Like many of its rivals , Poundland operate a constantly rotating product line , including brand name and clearance items as well as many own brand . The first pilot store opened in December 1990 following numerous rejections by landlords who had reservations about allowing a single-price store to operate , fearing it could adversely affect the local competition . An estimated 7 million customers shopped in Poundland every week in 2016 , many being female shoppers in the C1 , C2 , D and E categories ( the working classes in a system of demographic classification used in the United Kingdom ) The retailer expanded into Europe during the latter half of 2011 , first opening a store in the Republic of Ireland and now operating a subsidiary chain of discount stores in mainland Europe under the name Dealz . Poundland acquired closest rival 99p Stores in 2015 , leaving Poundworld as their closest competitor , yet in 2016 the company was described as `` struggling '' after its acquisition of 99p Stores following a drop in share price of over 50 % , before being acquired in August 2016 by Steinhoff International for # 610m .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34494e3b8c740932d3fa89d9535965eb", "text": "Booths Booths is a chain of high-end supermarkets in Northern England . Most of its branches are located in Lancashire , but there are also branches in Cheshire , Cumbria , Greater Manchester and North Yorkshire . Booths is said to be the ` Waitrose of the North ' by various sources , most notably The Telegraph . Booths attempt to compete on quality as opposed to just price . It has been developed on the motto `` to sell the best quality goods in shops staffed by first class assistants '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd5355c3701f5f4d41ad37de8e0f93b", "text": "Dunnes Stores Dunnes Stores is an Irish multinational retail chain that primarily sells food , clothes and household wares . In addition to its main customer base in both parts of Ireland , the chain also has operations in England , Scotland and Spain . The format of the chain 's stores include a grocery supermarket operating alongside a clothing/textiles store . The grocery operation only operates in Irish stores and some Northern Irish stores , although some limited grocery ranges can be found in the Spanish stores . However some stores contain only textiles , while some ( more rarely ) contain only a supermarket . Many products are sold under the St. Bernard brand later being rebranded as `` My Family Favourites '' in 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ca019d5af251767932924be2fe6c6de5", "text": "Evil Evil , in a general context is the absence or opposite of that which is described as being good . Often , evil denotes profound immorality . In certain religious contexts , evil has been described as a supernatural force . Definitions of evil vary , as does the analysis of its motives . However , elements that are commonly associated with evil involve unbalanced behavior involving anger , revenge , fear , hatred , psychological trauma , expediency , selfishness , ignorance , or neglect . In cultures with an Abrahamic religious influence , evil is usually perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good , in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated . In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence , both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving Śūnyatā meaning emptiness in the sense of recognition of good and evil being two opposing principles but not a reality , emptying the duality of them , and achieving a oneness . The philosophical question of whether morality is absolute , relative , or illusory leads to questions about the nature of evil , with views falling into one of four opposed camps : moral absolutism , amoralism , moral relativism , and moral universalism . While the term is applied to events and conditions without agency , the forms of evil addressed in this article presume an evildoer or doers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "052a4fdd69aae5cb40b979aa3b3c15aa", "text": "Rape myths Rape myths are erroneous , stereotypical , prejudicial beliefs about reasons of sexual assaults , rapists , and rape victims . Rape myths originate from various cultural stereotypes , such as traditional gender roles , acceptance of interpersonal violence , and misunderstanding the nature of sexual assault . A 2013 online survey of freshmen suggests that women 's consumption of mainstream sports programming increases the chance that they buy into rape myths , while for both men and women the intentions to intervene into a sexual assault decrease . The prevalence of rape myths is a major reason for rape victim blaming and stigmatization . Rape myths suggest that the stereotypical victim of sexual violence is a bruised and battered young woman . However the central issue in cases of sexual assault is whether both parties consented to the sexual activity or both had the capacity to do so . Thus , physical force resulting in visible physical injury is not always seen . Due to this stereotype sexually assaulted people who have no physical trauma may be less inclined to report to the authorities or to seek health care .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "052b7b2b0d415b6ef4afe7d3c3d7b8e3", "text": "Pain in animals In humans , pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli . Whether animals apart from humans also experience pain is contentious . The standard measure of pain in humans is how a person reports that pain , ( for example , on a pain scale ) . `` Pain '' is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as `` an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage , or described in terms of such damage . '' Only the person experiencing the pain can know the pain 's quality and intensity , and the degree of suffering . However , for non-human animals , it is harder , if even possible , to know whether an emotional experience has occurred . Therefore , this concept is often excluded in definitions of pain in animals , such as that provided by Zimmerman : `` an aversive sensory experience caused by actual or potential injury that elicits protective motor and vegetative reactions , results in learned avoidance and may modify species-specific behaviour , including social behaviour . '' Non-human animals can not report their feelings to language-using humans in the same manner as human communication , but observation of their behaviour provides a reasonable indication as to the extent of their pain . Just as with doctors and medics who sometimes share no common language with their patients , the indicators of pain can still be understood . According to the U.S. National Research Council Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals , pain is experienced by many animal species , including mammals and possibly all vertebrates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5cddd1e1d8b3dcc07b73989b4c67c33", "text": "Self-envy Self-envy is a psychoanalytic concept developed by Rafael López-Corvo who argues that it is crucial for the understanding of disorders of the self that are manifested in addictions , acting out , and inhibition of creativity . This concept is based on the use of object relations theory , that many psychoanalysts view as a fundamental instrument for examining the architecture of the internal world that describes behavior as influenced by the multiple interactions of early representations of self and other that operate in our inner selves . Self-envy is produced by ` child part self-objects ' , self representations from early development that remain split off from the self and harbor destructive and envious feelings toward the creative aspects of the self and results from direct aggressive attacks by these childhood self-objects against the part of the self identified with a harmonious mother-father or parent-sibling relationship . The internal dynamics of self-envy cause intense unconscious conflict , dissociation , and disturbances of the self , all of which underlie severe psychopathologies , such as repetitive destructive behavior , and even the living of seemingly normal but constricted lives . López-Corvo suggests that the psychoanalytic interpretation of such patients , for whom one part of the self is ruthlessly pitted against another , should address directly the phenomenon of a war within the internal self . W.C.M. Scott first used this term in 1975 in his article `` Remembering sleep and dreaming : self-envy and envy of dreams and dreaming '' in the International Review of Psychoanalysis , Vol . 2/3 ( 1975 ) : 333-354 . López-Corvo credits Scott in his paper `` About Interpretation of Self-Envy '' in the same journal ( 1992 ) : 73 , 719 , and also in his book Self-Envy : Therapy and the Divided Inner World , which also draws from Melanie Klein , Wilfred Bion , and other object-relations theorists in order to develop its more extended argument .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc9242c4a20366b231b181e254886834", "text": "Enactment (psychology) In relational psychoanalysis , the term enactment is used to describe the non-reflecting playing out of a mental scenario , rather than verbally describing the associated thoughts and feelings . The term enactment was first introduced by Theodore Jacobs ( 1986 ) to describe the re-actualization of unsymbolized and unconscious emotional experiences involved in the relationship between the patient and the therapist . More precisely , Jacobs refers to the countertransference enactment , thus highlighting the implications of the personality characteristics , affective frame , representations and analyst 's conflicts for the patient and the interactional behaviour . In relational psychoanalysis , the concept of enactment is usually used to explain the re -- experience of a role assumed during childhood , which is recited on the stage of the analyst 's consulting room : the analyst is given a specific role to play ; both the patient and the analyst lose in this context their sense of distance , interacting with each other verbally and non -- verbally , leading to intra-psychic dynamics in the form of interactions within the therapeutic setting . According to relational theorists , though enactments are unconscious patterns of dyadic interactions to which both the analyst and the patient contribute , they are generally considered to be initiated by the latter . In the perspective of relational psychoanalysis , the central aspect of therapeutic change is given by the liberation of the patient and the analyst from the repetitive unconscious patterns due to the reflective awareness ' acquisition of the relational interchange and the contribution of both parties . Traumatized patients tend to bond with their therapists not so much through words as through enactments , expressing unconsciously -- by the action -- the dissociated aspects of the self and the object representation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ae1895c29428490ff6e1fa09f054a1", "text": "Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) is a psychosocial intervention that is the most widely used evidence-based practice for treating mental disorders . Guided by empirical research , CBT focuses on the development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems and changing unhelpful patterns in cognitions ( e.g. thoughts , beliefs , and attitudes ) , behaviors , and emotional regulation . It was originally designed to treat depression , and is now used for a number of mental health conditions . The CBT model is based on a combination of the basic principles from behavioral and cognitive psychology . It is different from historical approaches to psychotherapy , such as the psychoanalytic approach where the therapist looks for the unconscious meaning behind behaviors and then formulates a diagnosis . Instead , CBT is `` problem-focused '' and `` action-oriented '' , meaning it is used to treat specific problems related to a diagnosed mental disorder and the therapist 's role is to assist the client in finding and practising effective strategies to address the identified goals and decrease symptoms of the disorder . CBT is based on the belief that thought distortions and maladaptive behaviors play a role in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders , and that symptoms and associated distress can be reduced by teaching new information-processing skills and coping mechanisms . When compared to psychotropic medications , review studies have found CBT-alone to be as effective for treating less severe forms of depression and anxiety , posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) , tics , substance abuse ( with the exception of opioid use disorder ) , eating disorders , and borderline personality disorder , and it is often recommended in combination with medications for treating other conditions , such as severe obsessive compulsive disorder ( OCD ) and major depression , opioid addiction , bipolar , and psychotic disorders . In addition , CBT is recommended as the first line of treatment for the majority of psychological disorders in children and adolescents , including aggression and conduct disorder . Researchers have found that other bona fide therapeutic interventions were equally effective for treating certain conditions in adults , but CBT was found to be superior in treating most disorders . Along with interpersonal psychotherapy ( IPT ) , CBT is recommended in treatment guidelines as a psychosocial treatment of choice , and CBT and IPT are the only psychosocial interventions that psychiatry residents are mandated to be trained in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d13c6c0a1c4be2847422bf07fbbf713", "text": "Abreaction Abreaction ( Abreagieren ) is a psychoanalytical term for reliving an experience to purge it of its emotional excesses -- a type of catharsis . Sometimes it is a method of becoming conscious of repressed traumatic events . Abreaction : concept introduced by Sigmund Freud in 1893 to denote the fact that pent-up emotions associated with a trauma can be discharged by talking about it . The release of affect occurred by bringing `` a particular moment or problem into focus '' ... and as such formed the cornerstone of Freud 's early cathartic method of treating hysterical conversion symptoms . Freud 's mentor , Josef Breuer , may have actually introduced the concept of abreaction . Early in his career , psychoanalyst Carl Jung expressed interest in abreaction , or what he referred to as trauma theory , but later decided it had limitations in treatment of neurosis . Jung said : Though traumata of clearly aetiological significance were occasionally present , the majority of them appeared very improbable . Many traumata were so unimportant , even so normal , that they could be regarded at most as a pretext for the neurosis . But what especially aroused my criticism was the fact that not a few traumata were simply inventions of fantasy and had never happened at all .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "706f34aea09a2e17c5045c11bd8c7f53", "text": "Shame Shame is a painful , social emotion that can be seen as resulting '' ... from comparison of the self 's action with the self 's standards ... '' . but which may equally stem from comparison of the self 's state of being with the ideal social context 's standard . Thus , shame may stem from volitional action or simply self-regard ; no action by the shamed being is required : simply existing is enough . Both the comparison and standards are enabled by socialization . Though usually considered an emotion , shame may also variously be considered an affect , cognition , state , or condition . The roots of the word shame are thought to derive from an older word meaning `` to cover '' ; as such , covering oneself , literally or figuratively , is a natural expression of shame . Nineteenth-century scientist Charles Darwin , in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals , described shame affect as consisting of blushing , confusion of mind , downward cast eyes , slack posture , and lowered head , and he noted observations of shame affect in human populations worldwide . He also noted the sense of warmth or heat ( associated with the vasodilation of the face and skin ) occurring in intense shame . Shame can also result in crying . A `` sense of shame '' is the feeling known as guilt but `` consciousness '' or awareness of `` shame as a state '' or condition defines core/toxic shame ( Lewis , 1971 ; Tangney , 1998 ) . The key emotion in all forms of shame is contempt ( Miller , 1984 ; Tomkins , 1967 ) . Two distinct domains that shame is expressed are the consciousness of self as bad and the other is self as inadequate . People employ negative coping responses to counter deep rooted , associated sense of `` shameworthiness '' . The shame cognition may occur as a result of the experience of shame affect or , more generally , in any situation of embarrassment , dishonor , disgrace , inadequacy , humiliation , or chagrin . A `` state of shame '' is assigned internally from being a victim of environment where the sense of self is stigmatized like being denigrated by caregivers , overtly rejected by parents in favor of siblings needs , etc. and the same is assigned externally , by others , regardless of one 's own experience or awareness . `` To shame '' generally means to actively assign or communicate a state of shame to another . Behaviors designed to `` uncover '' or `` expose '' others are sometimes used for this purpose , as are utterances like `` Shame ! '' or `` Shame on you ! '' Finally , to `` have shame '' means to maintain a sense of restraint against offending others ( as with modesty , humility , and deference ) while to `` have no shame '' is to behave without such restraint ( as with excessive pride or hubris ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8c34a9fea13123bc02a9a70f193b7f0", "text": "Societal security Societal security is a concept developed by the Copenhagen School of security studies that refers to ` the ability of a society to persist in its essential character under changing conditions and possible or actual threats ' . The end of the Cold War prompted scholars to rethink the paradigm of security independently from the state and the military . In Europe , the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the emergence of new states and sustained efforts to pursue the European Union ( EU ) integration . The new order called for a ( re ) conceptualisation of Europe and European security , which challenged classic understandings of security , as something that took place between states . The move towards an EU security was , thus , closely articulated around questions of EU identity , free movement of people and borders . The concept of societal security , developed by scholars associated with the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute , is situated within this context . Societal security relates to : `` the ability of a society to persist in its essential character under changing conditions and possible or actual threats . '' In ` Identity , Migration , and the New Security Agenda in Europe ' , Wæver notes the emergence of different conceptions of the nation-state , and further establishes a distinction between Western and Eastern Europe . In the West , a `` decoupling of state and nation '' takes place , as Member States , by seeking more integration , accept to relinquish some of their sovereignty . This move towards a `` post-sovereign '' nation-state is due to `` internationalisation and Europeanization '' processes , as international institutions assume increased influence over domestic affairs . Subsequently , communities , perceiving their identities to be threatened by this integration , can no longer call upon the state to protect them . A duality occurs between the security needs of the state and of society , where `` state security has sovereignty as its ultimate criterion , and societal security has identity '' . In the East , the emergence of new states , formed after the dismantlement of the Soviet Union , leads to more traditional attempts at merging the nation and the state ; thus , conflicts arise when the coupling can not be done ( i.e. Yugoslavia ) . In ` Security : a new framework for analysis ' , Buzan et al. formalise their broader understanding of security by introducing five sectors , each governed by `` distinctive characteristics and dynamics '' , and conceptualised around particular referent objects and actors ( i.e. military , environmental , economic , societal and political ) . Societal security is about the survival of a community as a cohesive unit ; its referent object is '' large scale collective identities that can function independent of the state . '' Societal insecurities arise when `` a society fears it would not be able to live as itself '' , and stem from : migration : the influx of people will `` overrun or dilute '' a group 's identity e.g. the need to define Britishness ; vertical competition : the integration of a group within a broader organisation e.g. euroscepticism with regards to EU integration , national-separatist claims ; and , horizontal competition : group is forced to integrate more influential identities within their own e.g. France 's cultural exception defending itself against American influences . Societal security is not tied to a territory , as is state security , e.g. Kurds , where security matters of state and society widely diverge and enter into conflict . Societal security in sociological viewpoint is : Regarding security as an `` independent phenomenon '' : So , societal security is n't threat , no opportunity . But it is a center and base , upon it the reliability and certainty of collective life could be gained . Rereading of security from `` social '' perspective : It means that security is based on collective life , the life of common people , instead of looking at differences and insisting on disagreement between groups and states that is key factor in determining threats and distinguish friend and foe . Viewing security as `` social phenomenon '' : Hence , societal security does n't need military weapons and soft power solutions . In other words , societal security does n't integrate with power and remain by converting links to social capitals . Finally , threats and opportunities could be considered as deterrent or impeller factors . So the final goal of societal security is comfort and understanding the beauty of collective life -- not an interest for government , not eliminating enemies , not confronting a threat for nation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b6c7ad061b71724b5ad685f62fe67", "text": "Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians . In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e44e0d07e24ea19d593662bb71bffb0f", "text": "Psychology of disenfranchisement The Psychology of Disenfranchisement is a theory developed by Rex Briggs while studying minority groups at social research firm Yankelovich Partners . Originally published by Yankelovich Partners , Grant Lukenbill 's book , Untold Millions , applied the theory to help explain marketing opportunities to gays and lesbians . In Brigg 's original research , he observed higher levels of stress , skepticism and self-protection needs among minority groups . The psychology of disenfranchisement theory suggests that there are three components that drive the psychology of disenfranchisement : alienation , cynicism and perceived victimization . These components interact and intensify each other . Alienation , Briggs argues , may be due to negative perceptions , stereotypes and discrimination condoned and practiced by the dominant culture . The perception of separation from the mainstream culture can create severe stress and can be considered the impetus for the psychology of disenfranchisement . Cynicism is one of the inevitable offshoots of alienation , resulting in the conviction that things will go wrong , that harm is to be expected . It involves a sense that the institutions of society ( from which one is alienated ) are not only remote , but inimical . Victimization is the feeling the develops out of the perception of intentional or unintentional undeserved mistreatment by other individuals , organizations , or institutions . Victimization is a logical outgrowth of feelings of cynicism and alienation from the dominant culture . The perceived victimization legitimizes and justifies the cynicism , and over time this cycle can become entrenched , thereby increasing the feelings of alienation . The resulting needs include : self-understanding ( recognition of and respect for one 's individuality ) , association ( a sharing of occasions with `` people like me '' ) , security ( emotional , social and psychical ) , independence , stress relief ( self-indulgence , escapism ) . All the Rage : The Story of Gay Visibility in America cites Briggs ' psychology of disenfranchisement theory as a launching point to discuss how advertising can offer inclusion in its messaging , so as to resonate better . In 2006 , Steven Andrew Culpepper summarized Dubois 1903 book , Sols of Black Folk as capturing the essence of a double-consciousness , a paradoxical experience of deep psychic atrocity tracing from slavery , `` while the American experience resonates with a hopeful ethos characterized by universality of equality and justice for all . '' Culpepper applies this same psychology of disenfranchisement to women , `` that were severely excluded from its rights and privileges in society that touts equality and justice . '' A more literal use of the concept , `` psychology of disenfranchisement '' has been applied by Keven Lanning where he examines the consequences to both the person and the community when individuals do not have equal access , or equal voices , at the polls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c34a455c2dcbe81d13be8b35695f0d1", "text": "Religion and coping with trauma One of the most common ways that people cope with trauma is through the comfort found in religious or spiritual practices . Psychologists of religion have performed multiple studies to measure the positive and negative effects of this coping style . Leading researchers have split religious coping into two categories : positive religious coping and negative religious coping . Individuals who use positive religious coping are likely to seek spiritual support and look for meaning in a traumatic situation . Negative religious coping ( or Spiritual struggles ) expresses conflict , question , and doubt regarding issues of God and faith . The effects of religious coping are measured in many different circumstances , each with different outcomes . Some common experiences where people use religious coping are fear-inflicting events such as 9/11 or the holocaust , death and sickness , and near death experiences . Research also shows that people also use religious coping to deal with everyday stressors in addition to life-changing traumas . The underlying assumption of the ability of religion to influence the coping process lies in the observation that religion is more than a defence mechanism as it was viewed by Sigmund Freud . Rather than inspiring denial , religion stimulates reinterpretations of negative events through the sacred lens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3286c63bf3c3c483e2f72bdde55128", "text": "Theory of the two demons The theory of the two demons ( Teoría de los dos demonios ) is a rhetorical device used in Argentine political discourse to disqualify arguments that appear to morally equate violent political subversion with illegal repressive activities carried out by the state . Since the end of National Reorganization Process and the Dirty War , when guerrilla groups ( mainly left-wing Peronist Montoneros and the Trotskyist Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo or ERP ) were persecuted by the armed forces ( together with law enforcement agencies and paramilitary groups ) , this term has been in wide use by people mainly in human rights movements , the political left , and former guerrilla members and supporters . These people argue that a national state , even one controlled by a de facto government , can not be compared to a guerrilla or other subversive group , the difference being precisely that the institutions of a national state are supposed to act within the confines of law , even when using violence to fight outlaws . The term `` theory of the two demons '' is used pejoratively in left-wing discourse , and is attached to public personalities who plead to support `` national reconciliation '' , sometimes appealing to the Christian idea of `` forgive and forget '' , while ( allegedly ) having ulterior intentions . Since the image of the military has been tarnished by human rights abuses , economic chaos and the Falklands War defeat , accusers claim that advocates of right-wing repression must resort to reconciliation rhetoric , because a plain admission of support would disqualify them in the eyes of most Argentines . Since very few people actually endorse this `` theory '' , it can be said that , its usage in the political debate notwithstanding , it is actually a type of straw man argument .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f738ceb76bf790a270d413b3e4c3c18", "text": "Abnormal psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder . Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal , this branch of psychology generally deals with behavior in a clinical context . There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant ( statistically , functionally , morally or in some other sense ) , and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken . The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions , employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere , and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by `` abnormal '' . There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations , reflecting a philosophical dualism in regard to the mind body problem . There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders . Abnormal includes three different categories ; they are subnormal , supernormal and paranormal . The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors : adaptive and maladaptive behaviors . Behaviors that are maladaptive suggest that some problem ( s ) exist , and can also imply that the individual is vulnerable and can not cope with environmental stress , which is leading them to have problems functioning in daily life . Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess , understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice . The theoretical field known as ` abnormal psychology ' may form a backdrop to such work , but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term ` abnormal ' in reference to their practice . Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96fed37dfdc81f1bd8419a5c25397fb0", "text": "Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are desires whose objects `` become eligible '' to be desired because of , rather than despite , a stigma which they bear . The manifold manifestations of these paraphilias cover the broadest range of physical , intimate and social circumstance . In the context of a stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia , what is considered repulsive , unsuitable , prohibited , abnormal or taboo by most people turns into something attractive , suitable , permitted , normal and licensed . Thus , in paedophilia , necrophilia and zoophilia , children , corpses and animals are desired despite being incapable of forming sexual ( or , indeed , any ) relationships . In the attraction to disability , disabled people are desired despite deviating from the physical standard . In gerontophilia and ephebophilia , significantly older or younger people are desired despite being generally considered unsuitable due to great difference in age . In hybristophilia , notorious criminals are desired despite being generally considered objectionable . In urolagnia , coprophilia and emetophilia , urinating , defecating and vomiting in intimate circumstances are seen as arousing despite the general views that they are repulsive . In this sense , stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias can seem ` non-conformist ' and ` taboo-busting . ' Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are generally thought to result from intense and memorable childhood experiences ( `` sexuoerotic tragedies , '' though they may not be distressing ) which `` deform '' the future adult 's idea of what is and what is not attractive ( their `` lovemap '' ) . Attempting to accommodate the extraordinary experience into an acceptable mental frame of reference , the future adult may `` triumph '' over it by use of a logic whereby the terms of reference commonly associated with it are reversed . Category : Paraphilias", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d30c1dec41995946f3fd584dd832be1", "text": "Problem gambling Problem gambling ( or ludomania , but usually referred to as `` gambling addiction '' or `` compulsive gambling '' ) is an urge to gamble continuously despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop . Problem gambling is often defined by whether harm is experienced by the gambler or others , rather than by the gambler 's behaviour . Severe problem gambling may be diagnosed as clinical pathological gambling if the gambler meets certain criteria . Pathological gambling is a common disorder that is associated with both social and family costs . The DSM-5 has re-classified the condition as an addictive disorder , with sufferers exhibiting many similarities to those who have substance addictions . The term gambling addiction has long been used in the recovery movement . Pathological gambling was long considered by the American Psychiatric Association to be an impulse control disorder rather than an addiction . However , data suggest a closer relationship between pathological gambling and substance use disorders than exists between PG and obsessive-compulsive disorder , largely because the behaviors in problem gambling and most primary substance use disorders ( i.e. , those not resulting from a desire to `` self-medicate '' for another condition such as depression ) seek to activate the brain 's reward mechanisms while the behaviors characterizing obsessive-compulsive disorder are prompted by overactive and misplaced signals from the brain 's fear mechanisms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f608aa73ecd36e1d2c622de7196cb562", "text": "Mental distress Mental distress ( or psychological distress ) is a term used , both by some mental health practitioners and users of mental health services , to describe a range of symptoms and experiences of a person 's internal life that are commonly held to be troubling , confusing or out of the ordinary . Mental distress has a wider scope than the related term mental illness . Mental illness refers to a specific set of medically defined conditions . A person in mental distress may exhibit some of the symptoms described in psychiatry , such as : anxiety , confused emotions , hallucination , rage , depression and so on without actually being ` ill ' in a medical sense . Life situations such as : bereavement , stress , lack of sleep , use of drugs or alcohol , assault , abuse or accident can induce mental distress . This may be something which resolves without further medical intervention , though people who endure such symptoms longer term are more likely to be diagnosed with mental illness . This definition is not without controversy as some mental health practitioners would use the terms mental distress and mental illness interchangeably . Some users of mental health services prefer the term mental distress in describing their experience as they feel it better captures that sense of the unique and personal nature of their experience , while also making it easier to relate to , since everyone experiences distress at different times . The term also fits better with the social model of disability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc42966a4657de2276afc93d2aa60879", "text": "Curse A curse ( also called an imprecation , malediction , execration , malison , anathema , or commination ) is any expressed wish that some form of adversity or misfortune will befall or attach to some other entity : one or more persons , a place , or an object . In particular , `` curse '' may refer to such a wish or pronouncement made effective by a supernatural or spiritual power , such as a god or gods , a spirit , or a natural force , or else as a kind of spell by magic or witchcraft ; in the latter sense , a curse can also be called a hex or a jinx . In many belief systems , the curse itself ( or accompanying ritual ) is considered to have some causative force in the result . To reverse or eliminate a curse is sometimes called `` removal '' or `` breaking '' , and is often believed to require elaborate rituals or prayers . The study of the forms of curses comprise a significant proportion of the study of both folk religion and folklore . The deliberate attempt to levy curses is often part of the practice of magic . In Hindu culture the Sage or Rishi is believed to have the power to bless and curse . Examples include the curse placed by Rishi Bhrigu on king Nahusha and the one placed by Rishi Devala . Special names for specific types of curses can be found in various cultures : African American hoodoo presents us with the jinx and crossed conditions , as well as a form of foot track magic which was used by Ramandeep , whereby cursed objects are laid in the paths of victims and activated when walked over . Middle Eastern and Mediterranean culture is the source of the belief in the evil eye , which may be the result of envy but , more rarely , is said to be the result of a deliberate curse . In order to be protected from the evil eye , a protection item is made from dark blue circular glass , with a circle of white around the black dot in the middle , which is reminiscent of a human eye . The size of the protective eye item may vary . German people , including the Pennsylvania Dutch speak in terms of hexing ( from the German word for witchcraft ) , and a common hex in days past was that laid by a stable-witch who caused milk cows to go dry and horses to go lame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b91c0b705064cbdda833450af5aada58", "text": "Get Out (film) Get Out is a 2017 American horror film written , co-produced and directed by Jordan Peele , in his directorial debut . The film stars Daniel Kaluuya , Allison Williams , Lil Rel Howery , Bradley Whitford , Caleb Landry Jones , Stephen Root and Catherine Keener , and follows a young interracial couple who visit the mysterious estate of the woman 's parents . Get Out premiered at Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States on February 24 by Universal Pictures . The film has grossed $ 241 million worldwide against its $ 4.5 million budget and received universal acclaim from critics and audiences alike .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87394b378fae60aec10ae512afb89b84", "text": "Sweat It Out (song) `` Sweat It Out '' is the fourth single from The-Dream 's second studio album `` Love vs. Money '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeeb54dcade38be4c3e3da4b6cad4ece", "text": "Breathe In. Breathe Out. Breathe In . Breathe Out . is the fifth studio album by American singer Hilary Duff . It was released on June 12 , 2015 , by RCA Records . It is the first studio album released by Duff in eight years , since 2007 's Dignity . Duff began work on the album in January 2012 , but after scrapping the songs she recorded , she resumed the sessions in September 2013 , continuing throughout 2014 and 2015 . After being signed to RCA Records in 2014 , she released the singles , `` Chasing the Sun '' and `` All About You '' . She later recorded more songs in Sweden in February 2015 , and released the single , `` Sparks '' . The resulting album from the various recording sessions has combined Duff 's dance-pop sound with EDM and folk-pop elements . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , praising the album 's production quality and the mix of genres on the record . The album debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 chart , making it her fifth top-five entry . It achieved top 5 positions too in Australia and Canada . The album also marked a few milestones in Duff 's comeback to music with the single `` All About You '' being her first top 20 hit in Australia in nearly ten years , and the single `` Sparks '' became her first top ten hit on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart since 2008 's `` Reach Out '' , her fourth top ten entry , and her fifth single to chart there overall . Lead single `` Chasing the Sun '' was also Duff 's first single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 chart since `` Stranger '' was released in 2007 . Duff worked with a number of famous singers and songwriters . She teamed up with English singer Ed Sheeran for the track `` Tattoo '' and with Tove Lo for the single `` Sparks '' , apart from working with Matthew Koma for the title track among others . She also teamed up with fellow long time collaborator Kara DioGuardi for the track `` Rebel Hearts '' . Duff promoted Breathe In . Breathe Out . only by appearances on television talkshows and through radio interviews , as she confirmed in 2016 that she would not be touring in support of the album despite initial plans to do so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf5511dd500aef4f98dd3b5a41c8ddb", "text": "Pay It Forward (film) Pay It Forward is a 2000 American drama-romance film based on the novel of the same name by Catherine Ryan Hyde . The film is set in Las Vegas in the present day , and it chronicles 12-year-old Trevor McKinney 's launch of a goodwill movement known as ` pay it forward ' . Directed by Mimi Leder and written by Leslie Dixon , the film stars Haley Joel Osment as Trevor , Helen Hunt as his alcoholic single mother Arlene McKinney , and Kevin Spacey as his physically and emotionally scarred social studies teacher Eugene Simonet . Pay It Forward was released on October 20 , 2000 to mixed reviews , with most critics praising the acting , writing , music and cinematography but criticizing the story and accusing it of excessive emotional manipulation , particularly in its ending . The film was a moderate box office success , earning just over $ 55.7 million on a $ 40 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84583b1e9de53cee1a15e80c2ad04123", "text": "Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film , co-written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack , and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The film tells the story of Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient diagnosed in the mid 1980s when HIV/AIDS treatments were under-researched , while the disease was not understood and highly stigmatized . As part of the experimental AIDS treatment movement , he smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas for treating his symptoms , and distributed them to fellow people with AIDS by establishing the `` Dallas Buyers Club '' while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Two fictional supporting characters , Dr. Eve Saks ( Jennifer Garner ) , and Rayon ( Jared Leto ) , were composite roles created from the writer 's interviews with transgender AIDS patients , activists , and doctors . Screenwriter Borten interviewed Woodroof in 1992 and wrote the script , which he polished with writer Wallack in 2000 , and then sold to producer Robbie Brenner . Several other actors , directors , and producers who were attached at various times to the development of the film left the project . Universal Pictures also tried to make the film , but did not . A couple of screenwriters wrote drafts that were rejected . In 2009 , producer Brenner involved Matthew McConaughey , because of his Texas origins , the same as Woodroof 's . Brenner selected the first draft , written by Borten and Wallack , for the film , and then Vallée was set to direct the film . Principal photography began on November 11 , 2012 , in New Orleans , Louisiana , continuing for 25 days of filming , which also included shooting in Baton Rouge . Brenner and Rachel Winter co-produced the film . The official soundtrack album was featured by various artists , and was released digitally on October 29 , 2013 , by the Relativity Music Group . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on November 1 , 2013 , by Focus Features , strategically entering wide release on November 22 for award season . The film grossed over $ 27 million domestically and $ 27.9 million internationally , the box office revenue returned over $ 55 million against a budget of $ 5 million in 182-days of a theatrical run . It grossed over $ 4.5 million from DVD , and over $ 3 million from Blu-ray sales . The film received universal critical acclaim , resulting in numerous accolades . Most praised the performances of McConaughey and Leto , who received the Academy Award for Best Actor and for Best Supporting Actor , respectively , at the 86th Academy Awards , making this the first film since Mystic River ( 2003 ) , and only the fifth movie ever , to win both awards . The film also won the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling , and garnered nominations for Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad23bc97f189b640fc699af5d913adfb", "text": "Get Lifted Get Lifted is the debut studio album by American singer John Legend , released via Kanye West 's GOOD Music label on December 28 , 2004 in the United States . Featuring production by West , John Legend , Dave Tozer and will.i.am , the album sold over three million units worldwide , with a total of 2.1 million copies in the U.S. , where it was certified double platinum . The album won the 2006 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album , and earned Legend another two awards , for Best New Artist and Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his single `` Ordinary People '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1668b6e8b2edecef755604f771b1ba39", "text": "Tapout (clothing brand) Tapout is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures sports clothing , casual apparel , and accessories headquartered in Baltimore , Maryland . It is one of the largest sportswear manufacturers in the United States , and one of the biggest in the world . Tapout was registered in 1997 in San Bernardino County , California , by Charles Lewis , Jr. , Dan Caldwell and Tim Katz . The company was founded after the trio began selling mixed martial arts clothing from the back of their Ford Mustang . Selling the merchandise during a period where MMA solely reached a niche market , Lewis , Caldwell and Katz branded the company around the sport , distributing the merchandise in cities where the sport was prevalent . However , following the growing popularity of mixed martial arts in the United States , and its later nationwide mainstream acceptance , the company became the largest MMA-related merchandise company in the world , accruing revenues of over $ 22.5 million . In March 2015 , the company was relaunched following its joint-ventured acquisition by pro-wrestling company WWE , and development firm Authentic Brands Group . The venture saw the former MMA-related brand transformed into a more general `` lifestyle fitness '' one . The apparel , for men and women , is expected to be released in spring of 2016 . Throughout 2015 , WWE marketed the brand through various products , including beverages , supplements and gyms . WWE will hold a 50 % stake in the brand , and so will advertise it regularly across all its platforms , hoping to give it one billion impressions a month , and attempting to rival sports-clothing giant , Under Armour . All employees and students of the WWE Performance Center will also wear the clothing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "221ae6028fa9000bfb181c4c965206c7", "text": "Out of the Storm (album) Out of the Storm is the fourth studio album by Scottish musician Jack Bruce . It was Bruce 's first solo effort in over three years and was recorded and released in 1974 , following the dissolution of the power trio West , Bruce and Laing . Originally Bruce had wanted to title the album Into The Storm but , according to Bruce , `` we could n't find any stormy weather . We gave up and instead we found a little wood '' . The album was largely recorded in Los Angeles and San Francisco at the suggestion of engineer Andy Johns , who felt , according to Bruce , that the problem with Bruce 's previous work was that he `` work ( ed ) with too many British guys and you need to work with some great American session players and you could make an album in ten days '' . Bruce recorded the album while still addicted to heroin ( which contributed to the dissolution of West , Bruce and Laing ) . According to Bruce 's songwriting partner Pete Brown , the band ingested PCP during one session and `` they were all holding onto each other walking across the floor -- Bobby Keys , Jim Keltner , Andy Johns and Jack . Someone said , ` Do n't let go of me or I 'll float off into space ' '' . The continued and heavy drug use periodically interfered with completion of the album and engineer Dennis Weinreich was brought in to remix specific tracks so as to complete the album in a timely fashion and because the label was n't pleased with Johns 's mix of the album . The album peaked at No. 160 on the Billboard album chart in December 1974 . Critically well received , including a glowing review by Melody Maker 's Allan Jones , who stated that Bruce was `` one of the most important individuals currently working in rock '' , the album sold poorly . Out of the Storm was the last Jack Bruce album distributed in the United States by Atlantic Records , as Bruce 's company RSO Records , which was affiliated in the rest of the world with Polydor/Polygram Records , would shift U.S. distribution to Polydor beginning in 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1cca31b813e3d384d0448134693a3f", "text": "Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e68febb94f7d859f47d6f53b23628b96", "text": "Ten/Four Pictures Ten/Four Pictures is a production company engaged in the production and co-financing of motion pictures for worldwide theatrical release . Ten/Four 's objective is to make commercially viable films in the $ 8 -- 15 million range , financing up to 25 % of each budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb969ef0c2d14090bf0aab6fd1527f2", "text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4) The fourth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , commenced airing in the United States on September 27 , 2007 and concluded on May 22 , 2008 . The season continues the story of a group of surgeons and their mentors in the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital , describing their professional lives and the way they affect the personal background of each character . Season four had twelve series regulars with ten of them returning from the previous season , out of which eight are part of the original cast from the first season . The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9:00 EST. . In addition to the regular seventeen episodes , a clip-show narrated by the editors of People recapped previous events of the show and made the transition from Grey 's Anatomy to Private Practice , a spin-off focusing of Dr. Addison Montgomery and aired on September 19 , 2007 , before the season premiere . The season was officially released on DVD as a five-disc boxset under the title of Grey 's Anatomy : Season Four -- Expanded on September 9 , 2008 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment . For the first time in the show 's history , many cast changes occur , seeing the first departure of two main cast members . Despite garnering several awards and nominations for the cast members and the production team , the season received a mixed response from critics and fans . Show creator Shonda Rhimes heavily contributed to the production of the season , writing five out of the seventeen episodes . The highest-rated episode was the season premiere , which was watched by 20.93 million viewers . The season was interrupted by the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike , which resulted in the production of only seventeen episodes , instead of twenty-three originally planned .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "21dabf96a6587d25609699ff57b8aa12", "text": "The Bachelorette (season 13) The thirteenth season of The Bachelorette premiered on May 22 , 2017 . This season features Rachel Lindsay , a 32-year-old attorney from Dallas , Texas . Lindsay attended the University of Texas at Austin where she graduated with a bachelor 's degree in 2007 and Marquette University Law School where she graduated with a Juris Doctor in 2011 . Lindsay was the second runner-up on the 21st season of The Bachelor featuring Nick Viall . Lindsay is the first African-American in the lead role on The Bachelor franchise .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5d207e820ec0ed7928ffea5e49946c60", "text": "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) `` Wedding Bell Blues '' is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls and the show 's 100th episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino , the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8 , 2005 . The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily ( Kelly Bishop ) and Richard Gilmore ( Edward Herrmann ) . Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore ( Lauren Graham ) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore ( Alexis Bledel ) serve as maid of honor and best man , respectively . `` Wedding Bell Blues '' received positive reviews from television critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ecf2c1b67bc2ebe0aa8401e6cef55fe", "text": "The Bachelorette (season 1) The Bachelorette ( season 1 ) is the first season of ABC reality television series The Bachelorette . The season premiered on January 8 , 2003 , and concluded on February 19 , 2003 . The show featured The Bachelor , season 1 runner-up , Trista Rehn , courting 25 men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35321617efa1147c321bf459deae055c", "text": "Lindsay Jennerich Lindsay Jennerich ( born 30 July 1982 ) is a Canadian rower . A world champion in the lightweight double sculls , she competed in the lightweight double sculls at the 2012 Summer Olympics . In June 2016 , she was officially named to Canada 's 2016 Olympic team , and she won a silver medal in lightweight double sculls at the 2016 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08aacc21d93da0de2b53d7f5d22dec88", "text": "Meghan McCain Meghan Marguerite McCain ( born October 23 , 1984 ) is an American columnist , author , Fox News host and contributor , and blogger . She is the daughter of 2008 presidential nominee and long-time U.S. Senator John McCain and Cindy Hensley McCain . McCain first received media attention in 2007 for her blog , McCain Blogette , on which she documented life on the campaign trail and mused about fashion , music , and pop culture . In 2009 , she became a contributing author for The Daily Beast , and in 2011 , began appearing as a contributor on MSNBC . In 2013 , she began hosting on the start-up Pivot channel and in 2014 assumed the co-host role on Pivot 's TakePart Live until that show was canceled later in the year . In July 2015 , McCain joined Premiere Networks as host of the nationally syndicated radio program America Now . McCain also signed on as a FOX News contributor in July 2015 , and was officially named a regular co-host of the afternoon talk program Outnumbered on November 14 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d16900fed087ee59397c2ce97a7c87c6", "text": "Lindsay Adler Lindsay Adler ( 17 September 1985 ) is an American portrait and fashion photographer based out of Manhattan , New York . Her editorials have appeared in Bullett Magazine , Zink Magazine and Fault . She has contributed to photo publications Professional Photographer , Rangefinder Magazine , and Popular Photography . In May 2010 Adler published her first book , A Linked Photographers ' Guide to Online Marketing and Social Media . Her second book , Fashion Flair for Portrait and Wedding Photography , was named one of Amazon.com 's Best Books of 2011 in Arts & Photography . Adler also speaks and teaches within the photographic community . She was scheduled to speak in 33 cities in 2015 , on her educational tour , Body Beautiful . She has been a contributor on CreativeLIVE and Kelby Training . She is also the co-host of The Framed Network 's series `` The Concept '' ( a series of shows on YouTube ) with fine art photographer Brooke Shaden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9cb889417729ce750f67608ea6a4620", "text": "Michael Lohan Michael Lohan ( -LSB- ˈloʊ.ən -RSB- born April 25 , 1960 ) is an American television personality , best known as the father of actress Lindsay Lohan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c5e8e5dabacce97173d618df3d4590", "text": "Bachelor Party 2: The Last Temptation Bachelor Party 2 : The Last Temptation is a 2008 straight-to-DVD sex comedy by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment . The film , a sequel-in-name-only to a comedy made 24 years earlier ( Bachelor Party ) , stars Josh Cooke as the bachelor and Sara Foster as his girlfriend . The film made as part of the television series Project Greenlight . Principal photography occurred in Miami , Florida starting in March 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09da002c3851808a28726cfb09178769", "text": "Livin' Lozada Livin ' Lozada is an American reality television series starring Evelyn Lozada and her daughter , Shaniece Hairston . It premiered on July 11 , 2015 on the Oprah Winfrey Network , as part of its Saturday-night reality lineup . The show was cancelled after two seasons in light of Evelyn 's return to Basketball Wives season 6 as part of a revamp of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05864765fad9ae18b75196ef07a2668c", "text": "The One with the Apothecary Table `` The One with the Apothecary Table '' is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of the American television situation comedy Friends , which was broadcast on NBC on January 6 , 2000 . The plot concerns Rachel ( Jennifer Aniston ) buying an apothecary table from Pottery Barn and trying to keep roommate Phoebe ( Lisa Kudrow ) from finding out that she bought it from a chain store . The episode was directed by Kevin S. Bright , written by Brian Boyle ( from a story by Zachary Rosenblatt ) and guest-stars Elle Macpherson in her final appearance as recurring character Janine Lecroix . The episode and producers attracted criticism for the blatant product placement present in the story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add55637902ba8f442c2d2082bd6189c", "text": "American Idol (season 13) The thirteenth season of American Idol , styled as American Idol XIII , premiered on the Fox television network on January 15 , 2014 . Ryan Seacrest returned as host for his thirteenth season . Keith Urban was the only judge from the twelfth season to return . Former judge Jennifer Lopez , who returned after one season absence , and Harry Connick , Jr. joined the judging panel following the departures of Mariah Carey , Nicki Minaj and Randy Jackson . On May 21 , Caleb Johnson was announced the winner of the season , with Jena Irene as runner-up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "503f95cea16454879ee97d0359553b8c", "text": "The Bachelor (season 19) The 19th season of The Bachelor premiered on January 5 , 2015 . This season featured 33-year-old Chris Soules , a farmer from Arlington , Iowa . Soules placed third on season 10 of The Bachelorette featuring Andi Dorfman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867651cc0bfa7e1b2fd086688fdc4a78", "text": "Hard Ball `` Hard Ball '' ( also known as `` Negotiation '' ) is the fifteenth episode of NBC 's first season of 30 Rock . It was written by one of the season 's co-producers , Matt Hubbard , and directed by one of the season 's supervising producers , Don Scardino . It aired on February 22 , 2007 in the United States . Guest stars who appeared in the episode were David Alan Basche , Gregg Bello , Katrina Bowden , Kevin Brown , Grizz Chapman , Rachel Dratch , Keith Powell , Lonny Ross and Gregory Wooddell . Tucker Carlson and Chris Matthews also appear as themselves in the episode . The episode focuses on Jenna Maroney ( Jane Krakowski ) trying to clear her name after being misquoted in an interview for Maxim Magazine . Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) begins negotiations to Josh Girard 's ( Lonny Ross ) new contract . Kenneth Parcell ( Jack McBrayer ) becomes the newest member of Tracy Jordan 's ( Tracy Morgan ) entourage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "810320894f48d6ac8eca482d0e3033ca", "text": "Laurina Fleure Laurina Fleure ( born 19 June 1983 ) is an Australian model and reality show contestant . She competed in the second season of The Bachelor as well as the second season of I 'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here ! . She won a `` cult following '' from her appearance on The Bachelor . Fleure has an online fashion store , Pialia Boutique . Pialia was founded in 2012 . Fleure 's modelling work has included fronting Brands Exclusive 's `` Celebrity Shopping , Reality Prices '' campaign in 2016 . Brands Exclusive sells her Pialia clothes line . Fleure dated Lewis Romano in 2015 and 2016 before splitting in October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3f2054763cce030b2c96555a3ab2812", "text": "Melissa Rycroft Melissa Katherine Rycroft-Strickland ( more commonly referred to as Melissa Rycroft , born March 11 , 1983 ) is an American dancer , reality television personality , and former Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader . She participated as a bachelorette on the thirteenth season of ABC 's The Bachelor , on the CMT reality TV series Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders : Making the Team , and on the eighth and fifteenth seasons of ABC 's Dancing with the Stars . Rycroft went on to host reality-TV competition shows such as Bachelor Pad and Redneck Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33cad61c617ff0c7f229df8de08b9178", "text": "Iyanla: Fix My Life Iyanla : Fix My Life is an American reality television series hosted by life coach and relationship expert Iyanla Vanzant on the Oprah Winfrey Network . A sneak preview episode aired on June 2 , 2012 , and the series debuted with a two-part series premiere on September 15 and September 16 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a33a138c77ff6e5680487fc04db55c9a", "text": "Caterina Lopez Caterina Marie Lopez ( born December 13 , 1987 ) , is an American model and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c2df2f0529a388111ccda0003ef1fb5", "text": "Mishael Morgan Marie-Charms Mishael Morgan ( born July 15 , 1986 ) known professionally as Mishael Morgan , is a Trinidadian-Canadian actress known for the role of Hilary Curtis on CBS Daytime soap opera , The Young and the Restless .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c3dd6335dad9ac20fabc5ff4a12c852", "text": "Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 13) The thirteenth season of Dancing with the Stars Australia premiered live on 1 October 2013 . Daniel MacPherson continued his role as main host of the show on Channel Seven . However , Melanie Brown had announced she would n't be returning for her second season as co-host , in order to pursue a judging role on America 's Got Talent . Sunrise weather presenter , Edwina Bartholomew permanently replaced Brown for this season . Todd McKenney and Helen Richey confirmed their returns as judges whilst , Joshua Horner resigned from the panel after two seasons . It was later revealed that two new judges will both replace Horner . Former champion and current Dancing with the Stars USA professional , Kym Johnson and actor/tap dancer Adam Garcia became the newest additions to the judges table , alongside McKenney and Richey . Twelve contestants and professional dancers participated in this season . The celebrities cast were revealed on 27 August 2013 , via the networkers website , along with their professional partners and on Today Tonight . This season also marks the show 's return to the Tuesday 7.30 pm timeslot as it has not been presented in this format since season 7 . This was the first time three professional dancers had suffered injuries in the same season ; however , only one , Dannial Gosper , permanently withdrew from the show . On 26 November 2013 , Cosentino and professional partner , Jessica Raffa were crowned champions for this season , defeating two female finalists Rhiannon Fish and Tina Arena , who both managed runner-up and third place respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ed716f8a92e07f032c732f6f89d0013", "text": "Alex Michel Alexander Mattheus Michel ( born August 10 , 1970 in Charlottesville , Virginia ) is an American businessman , producer , and television personality , best known for being the first star of The Bachelor during its premiere season in 2002 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b01cf8550ae64ea3079f9f9e6dc1445d", "text": "New Girl New Girl is an American sitcom television series that premiered on Fox on September 20 , 2011 . Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title Chicks & Dicks , the series revolves around a kooky teacher Jess ( Zooey Deschanel ) after she moves into a Los Angeles loft with three men , Nick ( Jake Johnson ) , Schmidt ( Max Greenfield ) , and Winston ( Lamorne Morris ) ; Jess ' best friend Cece ( Hannah Simone ) and on-again-off-again loft mate Coach ( Damon Wayans Jr. ) also appear regularly . The show combines comedy and drama elements as the characters , who are in their early thirties , deal with maturing relationships and career choices . The sixth season premiered on September 20 , 2016 . Produced in Los Angeles as a single-camera comedy , New Girl is an ensemble show aimed at a general audience . Most episodes are anchored around Jess , who according to series creator , Meriwether , would have played a side character on other shows . The show 's first marketing push was on Zooey Deschanel and the promotional tagline `` Simply Adorkable '' , a portmanteau of `` adorable '' and `` dork '' . The producers rejected early criticism of Jess ' girlishness , insisting that Jess was not meant to be emblematic of all women . Instead , they aim to portray realistic , emotionally driven characters , and to approach the show from that angle rather than simply firing off punchlines . New Girl has received favorable responses from critics , who named the show one of the best new comedies of the 2011 fall season . The pilot episode drew 10.28 million U.S. viewers and a 4.8 adults 18 -- 49 demo rating , making it the highest-rated fall debut for a Fox scripted show since 2001 . Particular praise has been given to the performances of Deschanel , Greenfield , Johnson and Morris . Max Greenfield was considered the show 's breakout star in season 1 , before critics named Jake Johnson the breakout star of season 2 . The show has been nominated for several awards , including five Golden Globe Awards and five Primetime Emmy Awards . On May 14 , 2017 , FOX renewed the series for a seventh , and final season consisting of eight episodes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "089a6850d5eddd0594e18911b71e5117", "text": "The Real (TV series) The Real is an American syndicated talk show . The series initially received a trial run on Fox owned markets in the summer of 2013 . The series was developed as a talk show designed to appeal to younger female viewers who , like the co-hosts , were experiencing new events in their lives . It was green-lit for national syndication later that fall and officially premiered the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "510b6cf0690ad6e60cd9852827236102", "text": "L.A. to Vegas L.A. to Vegas is an upcoming American sitcom that is set to be broadcast on Fox . It is scheduled to debut as a midseason entry in the 2017 -- 18 television season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ae8b021d1611a2bee6b52f67249473", "text": "Pilot (Glee) `` Pilot '' is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee , which premiered on the Fox network on May 19 , 2009 . An extended director 's cut version aired on September 2 , 2009 . The show focuses on a high school show choir , also known as a glee club , set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters . The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , and written by Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . Murphy selected the music featured in the episode , with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits . The episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast , and 4.2 million when the director 's cut version aired . Critical response was mixed , with The New York Times Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode 's unoriginality and stereotyped characters , but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast . The Daily News David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but `` potentially heartwarming , '' while USA Today Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems , but commented positively on the show 's humor and musical performances . Mary McNamara for the LA Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal , calling it : `` the first show in a long time that 's just plain full-throttle , no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "593040108712bcae74772a1eca6b5d21", "text": "Fox (Finland) Fox ( formerly SuomiTV ) is a Finnish entertainment TV channel owned and produced by Fox Networks Group ( FNG ) Nordic . The channel was acquired by FNG Nordic in January 2012 , and then relaunched as the current incarnation on 16 April that year . Fox is freely available in Finland both over-the-air and through cable , as it bases its funding on television advertisements . It is FIC Nordic 's first channel that does not operate on subscriber fees . The channel provides a free catch up service through its online platform FOXPlay", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad656ecbc363a3a2b381ed9f62bb22d", "text": "Degrassi (franchise) Degrassi is a Canadian drama franchise that follows the lives of a group of teenagers who lived on or near De Grassi Street in Toronto , Ontario . The five main series are The Kids of Degrassi Street , Degrassi Junior High , Degrassi High , Degrassi : The Next Generation and Degrassi : Next Class . The early Degrassi series were produced by the small production company owned by Kit Hood and Linda Schuyler , Playing With Time Inc. . The recent version of Degrassi , produced by Epitome Pictures , aired on MTV Canada and on VRAK.TV ( dubbed in French ) in Canada and was simultaneously broadcast on TeenNick ( and in syndication ) in the United States . Degrassi : The Next Generations '' 's eighth season aired on BBC Switch in the United Kingdom . The second incarnation of The Next Generation , Degrassi : Next Class '' , is jointly produced by Netflix and Epitome ( a subsidiary of DHX Media ) . The show began airing in January 2016 on Netflix internationally and on Family ( F2N ) in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12915c7525b7ddce3a488696675d23cd", "text": "1994 United States broadcast TV realignment The 1994 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events , primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations , that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company ( commonly known as simply Fox ) and New World Communications , a media company that -- through its then-recently formed broadcasting division -- owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks , primarily CBS . The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage , in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference ( NFC ) television package , which the National Football League ( NFL ) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993 . As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World , most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse , the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history . As a result of this realignment , Fox ascended to the status of a major television network , comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks ( CBS , NBC and ABC ) . Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 ( although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997 , through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals ) , which -- along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network ( a joint venture between Time Warner , the Tribune Company and the network 's founding chief executive officer , Jamie Kellner ) and the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) ( founded by Chris-Craft/United Television , through a programming partnership with Paramount Television ) , both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements -- marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33fa4e81ce649ae5636a59c7b1770d5", "text": "Nickelodeon (Australia and New Zealand) Nickelodeon is the Australian counterpart of the Nickelodeon television network in the United States . It is operated by a joint venture of Foxtel Networks and MTV Networks Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfb9d6617a642ee30681290ae5410477", "text": "Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins . On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 . In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4deb4e37bcd4195a0c3c2a8a9d801256", "text": "Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl . The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f096b432f96e0fabe37fb1edd938986", "text": "Enuff Z'nuff (album) Enuff Z'Nuff is the self-titled studio album by American hard rock band Enuff Z'Nuff , released in 1989 on Atco Records . This debut album continues to be the best selling album in the band 's catalog . The album 's first single , the rock song `` New Thing , '' received steady radio and MTV airplay , peaking at # 67 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Their follow-up single , a ballad called `` Fly High Michelle , '' would prove to be the band 's biggest hit , peaking at # 47 on the same chart . Promotional CDs were created for another song , a ballad called `` For Now , '' but this single was apparently cancelled while the band focused on their follow-up record , 1991 's Strength album . Additional exposure for the album occurred with the album tracks `` Hot Little Summer Girl '' and `` I Could Never Be Without You '' being featured on the popular TV shows Beverly Hills , 90210 and Northern Exposure . A few years later , the band 's glam appearance in their video for `` Fly High Michelle '' would be parodied on MTV 's Beavis & Butt-head .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833ab02fa3cfa7aa7d6e81ad892b0ccc", "text": "Buffy the Animated Series Buffy the Animated Series is an animated television series concept based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer created by Joss Whedon . Initially greenlit by 20th Century Fox in 2002 , it went ultimately unproduced and unaired when no network was willing to buy the series . The series would have taken place in the middle of Buffy season 1 , as writer Jeph Loeb described the continuity as `` Episode 7.5 '' . Whedon and Loeb would later revisit the style of the series in the Season Eight comic story `` After These Messages ... We 'll Be Right Back ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "827c1091ad7cb0d56518e829d1f16bf4", "text": "Good Girls (TV series) Good Girls is an upcoming American crime drama television series created by Jenna Bans , who will co-executive produce with Dean Parisot ( who will direct the pilot ) and Jeannine Renshaw for Universal Television , slated to air on NBC as a mid season entry for the 2017 -- 18 United States network television schedule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd2c1ea1d12bd310611fc8e5a0ef4463", "text": "Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network . Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader . Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show . The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract . On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing . Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week . Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently . Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 . Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) . The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas . In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "516df54bb65254115a160dbf7a294253", "text": "Child Star (Glee) `` Child Star '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the 117th overall . The episode was written by Ned Martel , directed by supervising producer Michael Hitchcock , and first aired on February 27 , 2015 on Fox in the United States . The episode takes place as New Directions are hired by a young boy to perform at his bar mitzvah party , but he turns out to cause all sorts of problems . Meanwhile , Mason McCarthy is developing feelings for Jane Hayward but runs into issues with his sister Madison McCarthy , and Roderick helps Spencer Porter to begin a new relationship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38018e1c035985c8a5fac547c9b57e3b", "text": "Gossip Girl: Acapulco Gossip Girl : Acapulco is a Mexican teen drama television series , based on the American television series Gossip Girl . It was produced by El Mall and Warner Brothers International Television , with Pedro Torres serving as executive producer for the series . The first and only season , consisting of 25 episodes , debuted on the pay TV channel Golden Premier in Mexico on August 5 , 2013 . The television show was then broadcast in the United States on UniMás starting September 20 , 2013 , and on free-to-air channel Canal 5 starting November 11 , 2013 . The series starred Sofía Sisniega , Oka Giner , Diego Amozurrutia , Margarita Muñoz , Jon Ecker , Vadhir Derbez , and Macarena Achaga as the principal cast members . It was nominated as best series at the Premios TVyNovelas 2014 , but did n't win .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "79564a8f4fe920c7a3c23a20cda45a8f", "text": "We Found Love `` We Found Love '' is a song recorded by Bajan singer Rihanna from her sixth studio album , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) . It was written and produced by , and features Scottish DJ Calvin Harris ; the song was also featured on his third album 18 Months ( 2012 ) . `` We Found Love '' premiered on September 22 , 2011 , on the Capital FM radio station in the United Kingdom , and was made available to download on the same day as the lead single from Talk That Talk . `` We Found Love '' is an uptempo electro house song , with elements of techno and Europop . The song 's lyrics speak of a couple who `` found love in a hopeless place '' . `` We Found Love '' was met with mixed reviews from music critics , who praised the song 's composition and Rihanna 's vocal performance ; however , some critics felt that the lyrical content was sparse and came second to Harris ' production . The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for ten non-consecutive weeks , becoming the longest running number-one single of 2011 . The single also surpassed `` Umbrella '' and became Rihanna 's longest running number one single . It was the singer 's eleventh song to top the Hot 100 , placing her in third place among female recording artists amassing the most number one singles . `` We Found Love '' topped the charts in twenty-five other countries including Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . According to Billboard it is the 24th most successful single of all time in the US . As of 2015 , the single has sold 10.5 million copies worldwide , thus being one of the best selling singles of all time . This was the first of multiple collaborations by Rihanna and Harris , including `` Where Have You Been '' and `` This Is What You Came For '' . The song 's accompanying music video , directed by Melina Matsoukas , depicts the singer as a drug-abusing thrill-seeker in a relationship that quickly spirals downward into addiction and violence . The video received a mixed response from critics , as they noted that it profoundly alludes to ex-boyfriend Chris Brown 's assault on Rihanna , two years prior . It attracted criticism from political commentators , who questioned the video for its suggestive sexual nature . However , the video won a Grammy for `` Best Short Form Music Video '' at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards and `` Video of the Year '' at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards . The song has been performed on both the UK and US versions of The X Factor , as well as at the 2012 Grammy Awards and the 2012 BRIT Awards . Multiple recording artists have covered `` We Found Love '' including alternative rock band Coldplay and English singer Jessie J . The song also used for the trailer of 2012 comedy-drama film Magic Mike , in the TV series Sherlock , and in the film American Honey", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1e6db7194bcd7908085d8cf4f15c7eeb", "text": "Esham Rashaam Smith ( born 1972 or 1973 ) , best known by his stage name Esham is an American rapper from Detroit , Michigan known for his hallucinogenic style of hip hop which he refers to as `` acid rap '' . That style of music fuses rock-based beats and lyrics involving subjects such as death , drug use , evil , paranoia and sex . Esham and his brother James Smith ran the biggest-selling independent hip hop label in Detroit , Michigan throughout the 1990s . Their influence spawned an entire subgenre within hip hop that eventually fueled the careers of Kid Rock , Eminem , D12 , Royce Da 5 ' 9 '' , Tech N9ne , ICP and many more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1931603aedbe38deee27ced57b10193", "text": "Tru Life Roberto Guzmán Rosado , Jr. ( born March 19 , 1976 ) , better known by his stage name Tru Life , is an American rapper of Puerto Rican descent . He was signed to Jay-Z 's Roc-A-Fella Records briefly but was incarcerated soon after . Before signing he had spent time with various other labels , featured on numerous songs and had already generated quite a buzz due to prominent beefs , appearances on mixtapes and Smack DVD . He was released from prison in 2016 . Since his release from prison he has actively protested his innocence , and stated that he pled guilty to a criminal charge only because of the situation being effectively stacked against him in such a way that he felt he could not win a trial , despite the fact that he did n't participate in any crime . In his eyes , it was a better choice to plead guilty and accept the sentence than to risk a trial , which would have not only put him at risk of being convicted of a more serious crime but also at risk of a much longer sentence . He has also indicated since his release that he is a changed man and has left his previous life of crime and drama long behind him and is moving on in a positive direction . Soon after his release Tru Life featured on a song with Rick Ross which was received well . The music video for the song , released on YouTube , gathered over 1 million views within one month . As of January 2017 Tru Life has featured on a few mixtape tracks but has not released a single nor has he indicated any signs of signing to a record label . He has stated that he is working on his own record and starting his own label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd1bd74761d99f475fb4267d4761345", "text": "One shot (music video) A `` one-shot '' is any music video which consists of action , continuous in time and space , from the perspective of a single camera -- a single long take . In order to be able to make one-shot videos several special techniques are used . Most commonly the stage props which are not currently caught on cameras are changed during the shot . For other videos some parts are filmed before the final shot and then replayed on screens in the video . One of the most famous music video directors for this genre is Michel Gondry , who has done many of his videos in this style . This differs from the meaning of two shot , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44714e47ad207a7b5e487c95d07762d1", "text": "Wiz Khalifa Cameron Jibril Thomaz ( born September 8 , 1987 ) , better known by his stage name Wiz Khalifa , is an American rapper , songwriter , and actor . He released his debut album , Show and Prove , in 2006 , and signed to Warner Bros. . Records in 2007 . His Eurodance-influenced single , `` Say Yeah '' , received urban radio airplay , charting on the Rhythmic Top 40 and Hot Rap Tracks charts in 2008 . Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his second album , Deal or No Deal , in November 2009 . He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a free download in April 2010 ; he then signed with Atlantic Records . He is also well known for his debut single for Atlantic , `` Black and Yellow '' , which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . His debut album for the label , Rolling Papers , was released on March 29 , 2011 . He followed that album with O.N.I.F.C. on December 4 , 2012 , which was backed by the singles `` Work Hard , Play Hard '' and `` Remember You '' . Wiz released his fourth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18 , 2014 , backed by the lead single `` We Dem Boyz '' . In March 2015 , he released `` See You Again '' for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7 and the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for 12 non-consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81c99edf8c37cd7ccf27b428152643d", "text": "Mr. V Mr. V ( born Victor Font , 1974 in Manhattan , New York ) is an American house and Latin music DJ , producer , and rapper . He is a regular collaborator of Louie Vega and is also the owner of SOLE Channel Music . Mr. V started DJing at the age of 14 on the Lower East Side , but it would not be for many years that he would sign with the Vega Records label , & MAW Records , assisting Louie Vega . In 2001 , he founded SOLE Channel , a weekly party with Alix Alvarez in New York City , In 2003 the pair would start a record label called Sole Channel Music releasing several tracks with their own Sound . In 2013 the pair would part ways with the label and Alix Alvarez would pursue different endeavours while Mr. V would maintain the record label , In 2012 Mr. V would launch the first sister label to Sole Channel Music called Muzik 4 Tomorrow ( M4T ) . His most famous tracks have been `` Da Bump '' , released in 2006 , and `` Put Your Drink Down '' , released in 2007 , both included in the album Welcome Home & is best known for his breakout hit with Fedde Le Grand Entitled `` Back N ' Forth '' amongst many other tracks & collaborations today . Experiencing Mr. V 's DJ sets , original productions or remixes is like taking a trip back in time to dance music 's golden age . Before superstar DJs took over the spotlight , dance music was a cultural phenomenon that did what no other form of music could do -- bring people together . It did n't matter what race or sexual orientation you came from because dance music was all about embracing our differences and creating a homogeneous vibe . The music was built heavily on traditional song structures and lots of heart and soul . DJs played whatever it took to get the party going and the music was never predictable . It is with this classic spirit and enthusiasm that New York City 's Mr. V targets today 's dance music world . Mr. V is a throwback in the purest sense . Growing up in the 1980s the open-minded Mr. V was heavily influenced by House , Hip-Hop , Latin , Garage and Disco classics , Rhythm & Blues and Jazz . Mr. V was enamored by the role a DJ commanded over a crowd and was taken by the talents of his friend Lord G. , who had a weekly Thursday night party in New York City . Despite wanting to be a professional DJ , it was n't until he met the legendary Louie Vega that he found his calling . `` Louie used to have his party called `` Underground Network , '' and that 's where I discovered a deeper taste for house music . I always wanted to be a DJ , but Louie 's type of music -- that whole soulful sound -- is what I wanted to play , '' says Mr. V. Louie Vega saw the drive and potential in Mr. V and hired the young Nuyorican DJ / producer as his assistant at the world famous Masters At Work label . In this position Mr. V was given a rare glimpse into the global dance scene and before long was taking to the decks alongside his mentor . Currently , Mr. V is one of the most recognizable names on the circuit . Stylistically , Mr. V has a wildly eclectic sound that brings spontaneity back to the art of DJing . In addition to his busy DJ schedule -- Mr. V has displayed his turntable talents at many popular nightclubs across the globe -- he has also made a name for himself as a Producer , Remixer & Artist . Mr. V launched his own label Sole Channel Music ( Along with then partner Alix Alvarez ) as a way to release music with complete control and artistic freedom . To date , he has many singles , remixes & collaborations on many labels including his most famous track `` Jus Dance '' , `` Something ( Wit ' Jazz ) '' , `` Put Your Drink Down '' & more . Mr. V has also released original productions , collaborations & remixes for other labels including Vega Records , Flamingo Records , Play It Down , Dessous Recordings , King Street Sounds , Large Music , Strictly Rhythm , Airplane Records , Defected Records and many more . Combining his multifaceted skills as a DJ / Artist / Producer / Remixer and with an ear towards dance music 's roots , Mr. V is a name to watch out for !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ffe8877ae822be52d7e019700820fc", "text": "Whitney Houston videography The videography of American pop/R & B recording artist Whitney Houston consists of fifty-five music videos , four music video compilations , a concert tour video and three music video singles . In 1983 , Houston signed a recording contract with Arista Records and two years after released her eponymous debut album . Houston 's first music video was for the single `` You Give Good Love '' , which was selected to establish her in the black marketplace first . In the video of worldwide hit `` Saving All My Love for You '' , she played a beaming All-American girl shadowed by her secret lover 's wife . The following video `` How Will I Know '' , directed by Brian Grant , that helped introduce the singer to a wider audience when it became one of the first videos by a black female singer to earn heavy rotation on MTV , blasting open the doors for a whole generation of R&B and pop divas to follow . The clip won MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video at its 3rd ceremony of 1986 . `` Greatest Love of All '' , the final single released from Houston 's debut album , which helped cement the M.O. for the classic Whitney video . In June 1986 , Houston released her first video compilation The No. 1 Video Hits , containing her four music videos off the Whitney Houston album . The video compilation reached number-one on the Billboard Top Music Videocassettes chart and stayed at the top spot for 22 weeks , which remains the all-time record for a video collection by a female artist , and was certified Platinum for shipments of 100,000 units by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on July 15 , 1986 . In 1987 , `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , the first single from her second album Whitney , was one of Houston 's most recognized music videos in company with the song 's smash hit worldwide . Houston 's fashion and hairstyle in the clip -- towering curly wig , colorful dangly earrings and a series of going-to-the-club outfits -- became one of her iconic looks . In November 1990 , Houston released her third studio album I 'm Your Baby Tonight . The video for the title track from the album , was what passed for a high-concept clip from Houston , in which she paid tribute to three different legends in film and music industries : Marlene Dietrich , The Supremes and Audrey Hepburn . On January 27 , 1991 , Houston , wearing a white tracksuit with a red and blue print and matching athletic headband , performed `` The Star Spangled Banner '' at Super Bowl XXV , held at the Tampa Stadium in Tampa , Florida . Due to overwhelming response to her rendition , the performance was released as a video single , which was certified 2 × Platinum by the RIAA in April 1991 . Such Houston 's patriotism-boosting-performance for the national anthem led her to give Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney Houston concert , which was for the troops , their families , and military and government dignitaries in honor of those returning from the Gulf War . The concert was released as a VHS ( later also LD and DVD ) in the same year and it was certified Gold for shipments of 50,000 units by the RIAA . Though Houston is acknowledged as one of the best live performers , up to date , the live footage is her only full-concert video that has been issued officially in the United States . `` I Will Always Love You '' , one of Houston 's iconic videos , was the clip for the lead single off the soundtrack for Houston 's 1992 film debut The Bodyguard . In the video , directed by Nick Brandt , the camera focused on an elegantly suited up , forlorn-looking Houston sitting in an empty theater and staring into the distance as she watched clips from the movie scroll by . Houston blasted into the song 's towering finale via a quick zoom to her face , eyes closed , and then popping open as she hit the high notes . The idea and the camerawork helped Houston to deliver perfectly the titanically tear-jerking drama of the song . Her other notable video from The Bodyguard Soundtrack , `` Queen of the Night '' , featured Houston performing the song in a club dressed in a metallic costume , which were inspired by scenes from Fritz Lang 's 1927 silent film Metropolis . After Houston contributed to her songs on the soundtracks for two films , in which she also starred , Waiting to Exhale ( 1995 ) and The Preacher 's Wife ( 1996 ) , she teamed up with Mariah Carey in the video for `` When You Believe '' from The Prince of Egypt Soundtrack . In November 1998 , Houston came back to pop music full-time with My Love Is Your Love , which returned her to heavy rotation . The singles from the album , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right But It 's Okay '' , and `` My Love Is Your Love '' , were all US top 5 hits , and Houston was also once again embraced by MTV thanks to her willingness to let her style and approach evolve in her music and the videos . During that time , most of her music videos were directed by Kevin Bray . Houston began the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , which spawned three then new videos including two for the duet songs that she collaborated with Enrique Iglesias on `` Could I Have This Kiss Forever '' and George Michael on `` If I Told You That '' . The accompanying video/DVD of the same title was also released at the same time , which contained Houston 's promotional videos from 1985 to 1999 and several hard-to-find live performances including her 1983 TV debut on The Merv Griffin Show . In December 2002 , Houston released her fifth studio album , Just Whitney . Two music videos from the album , `` Whatchulookinat '' and `` Try It on My Own '' , were considered her answers to the media for getting too deep into her personal life and to malicious rumours surrounding then her public image . In the former video , she confronted the issues with a white set with an overhead camera and mirrors on its walls , following and reflecting Houston 's every move . In the latter , did with the storyline strongly reminiscent of her high-profile firing by Burt Bacharach from the 2000 Academy Awards ceremony for not singing `` Over the Rainbow '' during rehearsals for the show . In August 2009 , Houston returned to the music scene with her fourth Billboard 200 number-one album , I Look to You , which yielded `` Million Dollar Bill '' and `` I Look to You '' videos . Most of Houston 's notable videos involve just a bit of perfunctory storyline and focus on her performance , however , several sources recognized her as one of pioneers who laid the groundwork and broke down barriers with the videos during her generation . In 2003 , VH1 ranked Houston at number three on the list of '50 Greatest Women of the Video Era ' . In February 2012 , TIME , on a photo article in honor of Black History Month , listed her as one of '50 Cultural Giants ' . Gil Kaufman from MTV News said that '' -LSB- Houston -RSB- proved you could make a fuss without making a spectacle , '' and added his view on Houston 's legacy as follows : The legendary R&B singer -LSB- Houston -RSB- became one of the most important artists of the early music-video era by taking the road less traveled . -LSB- ... -RSB- While such fellow trailblazers as Michael Jackson and Madonna created video fantasy worlds full of monsters , gangsters , street-fighting men and naughty brides , Houston mostly skipped the drama and stood front and center in her most iconic clips doing the thing that she did best : singing her heart out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "423f39734ba1681be90684b0f008cbb3", "text": "Find the River `` Find the River '' is a song by R.E.M. , released as the sixth and final single from their eighth album Automatic for the People . It was the twelfth and final track on this critically acclaimed release . The song failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 and struggled on the UK Singles Charts , reaching # 54 in December 1993 . It was the first R.E.M. song released as a single to fail to reach the top 40 on either chart since `` Get Up '' in 1989 . Regarding the song 's backing vocals , Mike Mills explained to Melody Maker : '' ` Harborcoat ' from Reckoning has got me and Michael and Bill all doing completely unrelated things , and yet it works together . Because of the production we insisted on from Mitch and Don , which I know must have been incredibly frustrating for them , it 's hard to pick out exactly what 's going on . We tried it again on `` Find The River . '' I had the idea that Bill and I would go in and do some harmonies without listening to each other . It 's great because mine is this incredibly angst-ridden emotional thing , and Bill 's is this really low-key sort of ambling part . They 're two opposite ends of the spectrum but they 're both on there , and it 's a beautiful thing . '' The music video was shot in Malibu , California , directed by Jodi Wille , and features a stripped-down studio performance by the band and Los Angeles `` outsider '' artist Henry Hill . In An Hour with R.E.M. , which aired on MTV UK prior to the band 's televised performance at Cologne Cathedral in 2001 , Mills introduced the video and explained that he selected it `` because ... I 've never seen it , and I have absolutely no idea what 's on it . '' In the Warner Bros. promotional film for Automatic for the People , the band is seen performing the song live in their Clayton Street rehearsal room .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cc598411b2f29021a4b84c3045f5bc1", "text": "Lil Freak `` Lil Freak '' is a song by American recording artist Usher , taken from his sixth studio album , Raymond v. Raymond . Featuring guest vocals by Trinidadian recording artist Nicki Minaj , the song was written by her , Usher , Ester Dean , Blac Elvis and Polow da Don , the latter two producing the track . Its hook is based on a manipulated sample of American soul musician Stevie Wonder 's 1973 hit , `` Living for the City '' . `` Lil Freak '' was released as the second single from the album in the United States and Canada on March 2 , 2010 . Carrying a dark tone , composed of heavy bass beats derived from R&B and hip hop music , the lyrics are about the thrill of orchestrating a ménage à trois in a club . The song received positive reviews from critics who complimented its sensual nature . It peaked at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 , and eight on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs , becoming Usher 's 16th top ten hit on the latter chart . The song 's accompanying music video has a secret society concept , dealing with an underground club , playing on the storyline of the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37aaaadfd1fba9d540b0a619caf66d17", "text": "S.D.E. (album) S.D.E. ( Sports , Drugs & Entertainment ) is the second studio album by Harlem rapper Cam ` ron . The album was originally titled `` The Rough , Rough , Rough Album '' and was set for a 1999 release , however the project was pushed back to 2000 and many new songs were recorded . The album was finally released on September 19 , 2000 , by Epic Records . It features guest appearances from Destiny 's Child , Noreaga , Dutch & Spade from the rap group Major Figgas , Ol' Dirty Bastard , Prodigy ( of Mobb Deep ) , and his Diplomats group members Freekey Zekey , Juelz Santana , and Jim Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72210faa77c86b14c4ca33c37f7a9a3c", "text": "Trippin' (Total song) `` Trippin ' '' is a song by American R&B girl group Total , released as the first single from their second studio album Kima , Keisha , and Pam ( 1998 ) . It was also their second release working with production/writing duo Missy Elliott & Timbaland , after What About Us ? , although Timbaland this time provided only co-production and instrumentation , with the pairs ' longtime collaborator Darryl Pearson instead handling main production with Elliott . Elliott was also often given a `` featuring '' credit ( likely to create increased publicity for the track ) despite only providing background vocals and spoken word to the song . The track was by far the group 's biggest hit , peaking at number seven on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number three on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . The song was released with the Puff Daddy , Harve Pierre & Mario Winans Remix as the main version with regards to the singles ' cover and track listings . This remix featured a re-arranged version of the original lyrics , heavily sampled LL Cool J 's `` 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 '' and DMX ( who also appeared on the sampled track ) provided rap vocals . Both the original version ( listed as `` PD Mix '' ) and another main remix ( a similar , stripped-down version : the `` Missy Mix '' ) were also featured . Radio stations and the video however , simply censored the album version/PD Mix and a video for the remix was not shot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c966b3eae8093fd9529511d0eb5c6c6c", "text": "We Are Your Friends (song) `` We Are Your Friends '' is a song credited to Justice vs. Simian , and is French duo Justice 's remix of the track `` Never Be Alone '' by Simian . It was released as a single in 2006 . It reached number 20 in the UK Singles Chart . The song 's music video won the 2006 MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video . The presentation of the award was interrupted by Kanye West . Despite winning the award for Best Hip-Hop , Kanye West apparently was so disappointed at not winning for Best Video that he crashed the stage when the award was being presented to Justice vs. Simian for `` We Are Your Friends '' . In a tirade riddled with expletives , Kanye West said he should have won the prize for his video `` Touch the Sky '' , because it `` cost a million dollars , Pamela Anderson was in it . I was jumping across canyons . '' `` If I do n't win , the awards show loses credibility '' , West said . The 2015 film We Are Your Friends took its title from the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dffc667205f669308824bb2f2405be3e", "text": "DJ Drama Tyree Cinque Simmons ( born April 22 , 1978 ) , professionally known as DJ Drama , is an American disc jockey ( DJ ) and record executive from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He initially gained recognition as the official DJ for Atlanta-based rapper T.I. . He is perhaps best known for hosting several mixtapes , most notably his successful Gangsta Grillz series . He is also known for doing the Dedication series with New Orleans-bred rapper Lil Wayne , with the New York Times calling Dedication 2 , one of the `` 10 best recordings of 2006 '' . DJ Drama along with DJ Sense , founded Aphilliates Music Group , in 2003 . The Aphilliates Music Group signed a joint venture deal with Asylum Records in 2006 . As of January 2011 , The Aphilliates now operates as its own entity , due to DJ Drama recently cutting ties with La the Darkman and Embassy Entertainment . In December 2007 , Drama released his first studio album , Gangsta Grillz : The Album , under Atlantic Records , as well as T.I. 's label , Grand Hustle Records . His second album was the sequel Gangsta Grillz : The Album ( Vol . 2 ) , which was released in May 2009 , under Atlantic and Grand Hustle . After leaving Grand Hustle and Atlantic to focus on Aphilliates Music Group , Drama released his third album Third Power , under E1 Music and Aphilliates . In October 2012 , Drama released his fourth album Quality Street Music , under E1 and Aphilliates . In January 2014 , it was announced that DJ Drama was the new A&R for Atlantic Records . On July 22 , 2016 , he released his fifth album Quality Street Music 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bbb2fa6490eab538b7a0495e4cbcb7a", "text": "Shane Stanley Shane Stanley ( born June 15 , 1971 in Los Angeles ) is a multi-Emmy Award-winning filmmaker and founder of Visual Arts Entertainment , a film and television production company based in Los Angeles . Best known for executive producing Gridiron Gang starring Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson for Sony Pictures and directing Bret Michaels music videos supporting the hit show Rock of Love . Stanley , a four-time nominee , was the youngest to ever win a production Emmy Award , winning his first at sixteen and his second at nineteen for his work on The Desperate Passage Series . Stanley made his directorial debut helming his own screenplay A Sight for Sore Eyes which starred Academy Award nominee Gary Busey . Besides being honored with dozens of prestigious awards and film festival honors , the film was invited to screen at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and won Best Drama at the International Family Film Festival in 2006 . Also a commercial and music video director , Stanley 's most recognized work includes campaigns for Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Sony PlayStation , Morongo Casino , Resort & Spa , Kimberly-Clark , San Manuel Indian Bingo & Casino as well as PSA 's for the American Diabetes Association . His most known music videos include StorySide : B 's `` Miracle '' and Bret Michaels 's Go That Far which reached # 1 and remained on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown for over three months . The video is ranked on the network 's list of 100 Best Music Videos . As of 2010 , five of Stanley 's music videos have been on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown , ( two simultaneously ) . Shane co-wrote Bret Michaels 's autobiography , `` Roses & Thorns '' for Simon & Schuster and most recently produced the late Zalman King 's , Pleasure or Pain which will release in 2014 . Pleasure or Pain would be Golden Globe Nominee , King 's final film before his passing in 2012 . In 2015 , Shane directed The Untold Story starring Barry Van Dyke , Nia Peeples , Jason Connery , and Ellen Greene a film he co-wrote with his father , Lee Stanley . This would be their first collaboration since Gridiron Gang in 2005 . Shane began 2016 helming Mistrust which he co-wrote with Tiffany Johnson . The film stars two-time Golden Globes winner , Jane Seymour ( actress ) , Parker Stevenson , Patrick Bristow , William Shockley ( actor ) , and Nia Peeples .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd185e488c454b6b78aecd6a2145dc98", "text": "Love's the Only Drug `` Love 's the Only Drug '' is a song performed by American recording artist Ultra Naté . Co-written by Eric Kupper , Ultra Naté , Brian Pope , and Ollie Wright , the song was released as the second single from Ultra Naté 's fifth studio album Grime , Silk , & Thunder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11d649f23fe1a681e635ff173547b5d2", "text": "Bitch, Don't Kill My Vibe `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' ( edited for radio as `` Trick , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' or simply `` Do n't Kill My Vibe '' ) , is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar , from his major-label debut studio album Good Kid , M.A.A.D City ( 2012 ) . The song , produced by frequent collaborator Sounwave of Top Dawg Entertainment in-house production team Digi + Phonics , heavily samples `` Tiden Flyver '' , by Danish electronic group Boom Clap Bachelors . It was originally intended to be a collaboration with American singer Lady Gaga , but her contributions were ultimately excluded from the final recording due to timing issues . A remix of `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' featuring American rapper Jay-Z was sent to radio as the album 's fifth single on March 21 , 2013 , with the original version and another remix featuring British recording artist Emeli Sandé later being released . The song 's music video , directed by The Lil Homie and OG Mike Mihail , notably ends with an abrupt cut to a black title screen reading `` Death to Molly '' , intended to be a criticism by Lamar of glorification of the drug MDMA in contemporary hip hop music . `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' peaked at number 32 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 chart , also reaching the top ten on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d275ac3f7ccccd19764678cdea68a7", "text": "Vitamin L This article is about a song . For information on the possible existence of a vitamin called Vitamin L , see Vitamin #History . `` Vitamin L '' is a song by the American pop rock band B.E. Taylor Group . It is the fifth track on the band 's second studio album , Love Won the Fight , and also the third single pulled from that album . In a departure of the norm of B. E. Taylor singing lead vocals , Joey d'Amico sings lead on this track . It also heavily uses synthesizers and a brass sections as the main instruments . The guitar 's role is minimized to a steady strumming pattern with sustained power chords in the chorus . The lyrics tell the story of a man whose medical condition can only be treated with an unstable drug , called Vitamin L , that reacts `` when boy meets girl '' . In the last verse it is revealed the drug was , in fact , love , and the man is cured of his ailment when he falls in love with a woman . This song is the B. E. Taylor Group 's most popular song , as it peaked at # 66 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1984 and stayed on the chart for eight weeks . The song also spawned a popular music video that scored heavy airplay on MTV . B. E. and Rick Witkowsi are featured as the doctor and pharmacist in the video , respectively . The song also is a near constant at live performances . B. E. Taylor later re-recorded this song on his first solo album , Try Love , as more of a rock song , getting rid of the synthesizers and making the bass , lead guitar , and drums much more involved . The lyrics in the verses have entire lines changed as well , mildly changing the story in the process , e.g. `` A chemical reaction occurs/Every time that boys meets girl '' to `` It could keep us all in touch/But we can never take too much '' , erasing the idea that the vitamin is an unstable drug . Three whole lines in the third verse are changed , but these do not change the story in any way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecf0efc250126c4bb86edc6b915c630b", "text": "Kenneth McGriff Kenneth `` Supreme '' McGriff ( born September 19 , 1960 ) is a convicted American drug trafficker and organized crime figure . McGriff came to prominence in the early 1980s when he formed his own crack distributing organization which he called the Supreme Team based in the South Jamaica section of Queens , New York . Under McGriff 's leadership , the gang 's numbers swelled to the hundreds and came to control the crack cocaine trade in the Baisley Park Houses , the neighborhood where McGriff was raised . In 1987 , McGriff was arrested following a joint state and federal investigation and in 1989 pleaded guilty to engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise . He was sentenced to 12 years incarceration . McGriff was released from prison on parole in early 1994 after serving approximately seven years of his sentence . He was sent back to prison on parole violations by year 's end , and served another 2 1/2 years ' incarceration before being released in 1997 . McGriff is alleged to have had a hand in the 2002 murder of Run D.M.C. member Jam Master Jay , and was convicted of ordering the 2001 killing of Mobb Deep affiliate E-Moneybags ( real name Eric Smith ) . Federal authorities also accused him in connection with the attempted murder of 50 Cent . Persistent rumors suggest that McGriff felt 50 Cent had exposed too much of the drug kingpin in Jamaica , Queens and others involved in the drug trade through the lyrics of his song `` Ghetto Qu ` ran '' released in 2000 . On February 1 , 2007 McGriff was convicted of murder-for-hire at a Federal court in the Eastern District of New York on charges that he paid $ 50,000 to have two rivals ( Eric Smith and `` Big Nose '' Troy Singleton ) gunned down in 2001 . The jury deliberated for five days before finding McGriff guilty of murder conspiracy and drug trafficking . On February 9 , 2007 , the same jury sentenced McGriff to life in prison . Throughout this case he was defended by a court-appointed attorney because nearly all of his assets had been seized . McGriff began serving his life sentence at ADX Florence , the federal supermax prison in Colorado , but in 2011 was transferred to the United States Penitentiary , Lee , a high-security federal prison in Pennington Gap , Virginia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a60cf208c3cb44e59dacaa49160fd08", "text": "A Feast for Crows A Feast for Crows is the fourth of seven planned novels in the epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire by American author George R. R. Martin . The novel was first published on October 17 , 2005 , in the United Kingdom , with a United States edition following on 8 November 2005 . In May 2005 , Martin announced that the `` sheer size '' of his still-unfinished manuscript for A Feast for Crows had led him and his publishers to split the narrative into two books . Rather than divide the text in half chronologically , Martin opted to instead split the material by character and location , resulting in `` two novels taking place simultaneously '' with different casts of characters . A Feast for Crows was published months later , and the concurrent novel A Dance with Dragons was released on July 12 , 2011 . Martin also noted that the A Song of Ice and Fire series would now likely total seven novels . A Feast for Crows was the first novel in the series to debut at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list , a feat among fantasy writers only previously achieved by Robert Jordan and Neil Gaiman . In 2006 the novel was nominated for the Hugo Award , the Locus Award , and the British Fantasy Society Award . It has since been adapted , along with A Dance With Dragons , for television as the fifth season of Game of Thrones , though elements of the novel appeared in the series ' fourth and sixth seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "273923918128622be0211c96cef3477b", "text": "Tyrion Lannister Tyrion Lannister ( also referred to as `` the Imp '' or `` the Halfman '' ) is a fictional character in A Song of Ice and Fire , a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel Windhaven , Tyrion has been called one of the author 's finest creations and most popular characters by The New York Times . Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Tyrion was one of a few prominent characters that were not included in 2005 's A Feast for Crows , but returned in the next novel A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) . The character will also appear in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter . The popularity of the character led Martin and Bantam Books to publish The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister , an illustrated collection of Tyrion quotes from the novels , in 2013 . In the story , Tyrion uses his status as a Lannister to mitigate the impact of the marginalization and derision he has received all of his life -- even from his own family . Knowing that no one will ever take him seriously , he soothes his inadequacies with wine , wit , and self-indulgence . But as the peaceful rule of King Robert Baratheon begins to come apart , Tyrion sees how ill-equipped his family are to hold everything together . He first saves his own neck from the vengeful Catelyn Stark and her sister Lysa Arryn , then is tasked by his father Tywin to impose order on the capital of King 's Landing -- as well as his nephew Joffrey , the new king -- as civil war is sparked . Tyrion struggles to strengthen and protect the city and family who hate him and refuse to see the peril they are in ; when his father returns , Tyrion becomes vulnerable to the wrath and machinations of the self-serving courtiers who surround Joffrey -- including Tyrion 's own scheming sister Cersei . Tyrion escapes death again but at great cost , and in fleeing Westeros finds himself in even more danger , but without his Lannister resources . Peter Dinklage has garnered enormous praise for his portrayal of the character . In 2011 , Dinklage received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and later the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series , Miniseries , or Television Film for his portrayal of Tyrion in the HBO series . He won the Emmy again in 2015 . Among other accolades , Dinklage has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e4d597c539610a82bae3c35ececc24b9", "text": "The Two Towers The Two Towers is the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien 's high fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings . It is preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring and followed by The Return of the King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68ee0fb7bcc4e98b1911645416be97c", "text": "The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a 4-volume work by Christopher Tolkien that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien 's writing of The Lord of the Rings . The History is also numbered as volumes 6 to 9 of The History of Middle-earth ( `` HoME '' , as below ) . Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume 12 , The Peoples of Middle-earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af492998021ac84b2b18cda76cc3973f", "text": "Fictional universe of The Hunger Games The Hunger Games universe is a fictional world appearing in The Hunger Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins . It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem , its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides , and the outlying districts , numbered 1 to 12 , each with a different economy . In addition , there is the secretive District 13 , where a rebel force is building strength . The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which citizens from the districts , selected through a process called `` reaping '' , are forced to participate in a battle to the death . The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna , such as the Mockingjay , a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device , and after whom the third book in the series is named .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e51aa4cf20afcdf9c31285d915de0e0", "text": "Catch the Throne Catch the Throne is a two volume mixtape . The first volume was released digitally on June 10 , 2014 , and on CD on July 1 , 2014 as a free mix tape that features various rap artists to help promote the HBO series Game of Thrones . The albums feature Hip hop artists including Snoop Dogg , Ty Dolla $ ign , Common , Wale , Daddy Yankee , as well as music by Ramin Djawadi from the show and some voices from the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b74322777796564cd2fbfef4334be149", "text": "Gethin Anthony Gethin David L. Anthony ( born 9 October 1983 ) is an English television and film actor best known for his role as Renly Baratheon in Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904a52308a902f1fd861fe8c9cdf39ad", "text": "Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter . Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9a3059cdf84a29f06852b8524f0dd68", "text": "House of Telcontar In the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien , the House of Telcontar , previously the House of Elendil , is the Royal House of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor . The House was founded by Aragorn II during the War of the Ring , who was the last surviving Heir of Elendil , and took the throne under the name Elessar . The name of the House finds its origin in Quenya , one of the Elvish languages . During the War of the Ring , Peregrin Took , a companion of Aragorn 's in The Fellowship of the Ring , became a member of the elite Citadel Guard at Minas Tirith , capital of Gondor . When Lord Aragorn entered the city , Peregrin persisted in familiarly referring to Aragorn by the nickname he had garnered as a Ranger of the North : `` Strider '' , even in front of foreign dignitaries such as King Éomer of Rohan . Aragorn was amused , and decided that the name of the lineage he founded would be `` Telcontar '' , which translates as `` Strider '' in Quenya . Members of the House of Telcontar are referred to as the `` Telcóntari '' ( Striders ) , the plural of Telcontar in Quenya . Aragorn then took the royal name `` Elessar '' ( translated as Elfstone in Quenya ) . With Queen Arwen , King Elessar reigned for 120 years , before finally surrendering his life . This long reign is attributed to Elessar 's descent from the Men of Númenor , who are blessed with long life ( he was 88 when he took the throne ) . He rebuilt the old capital Annúminas in Arnor and later ruled from this northern capital , although the old capital Minas Tirith was still of great political importance . Elessar had one known son , Eldarion , and an unspecified number of daughters . King Elessar was buried with great honour in Minas Tirith . King Eldarion ( his name meaning `` from the Elves '' in reference to his mother Arwen ) was `` full ripe for kingship '' at the time , and ruled for an unspecified amount of time well into the Fourth Age of Men . Little is known of Eldarion , save that he left heirs to continue the House of Telcontar after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471d59b85a1f23621a5603a02b19f353", "text": "Major characters in The Railway Series Many characters have appeared in the books of The Railway Series by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry and Christopher Awdry , and in the spin-off television series , Thomas and Friends . This article profiles the most significant characters of the series . Only characters who appear in the books have been profiled in this article and , in the case where a character has appeared in both series , only the book aspect has been addressed . The numerous less-significant characters -- i.e. all those not included on this page -- are described in Minor characters in The Railway Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23585aef9ebc6c14724579bca7249e4b", "text": "The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 . The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e710eacf95619fa95081e26d56a8075d", "text": "Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books . The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide . In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6341b5b943901021980e571b45bf569", "text": "List of Forgotten Realms characters This is a list of fictional characters from the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game . Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the Forgotten Realms . Many have some magical abilities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4b91e763568ef8cec61de4cfca71211", "text": "The Castle of Llyr The Castle of Llyr ( 1966 ) is a high fantasy novel by Lloyd Alexander , the third of five volumes in The Chronicles of Prydain . The story continues the adventures of Taran `` Assistant Pig-Keeper '' , primarily on the Isle of Mona west of Prydain , far from the forces of Arawn , Lord of Death . Princess Eilonwy `` faces the unavoidable ( and in her view absolutely unnecessary ) ordeal of becoming a young lady '' , says Alexander . Taran joins her escort to a royal court where she will continue her education , near to her ancestral home . Soon after arrival , she is kidnapped for the sorceress Achren . Taran and companions including Prince Rhun set out to rescue her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ebdf3d9dad35e687243f13bcbdef14", "text": "Dragon Harper Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey , part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967 . Published forty years later , it was the twenty-first in the series . Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon 's Kin and Dragon 's Fire feature Kindan as a boy and young man , about 500 years after landing on Pern ( 500 AL ) . They were the first collaborations by mother and son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3e169dad3455e7e26a033b723d6baf6", "text": "List of historical opera characters This is a list of historical figures who have been characters in opera or operetta . Historical accuracy in such works has often been subject to the imperatives of dramatic presentation . Consequently , in many cases : historical characters appear alongside fictional characters historical characters who never met , or whose lives did not even overlap , appear on stage together historical events depicted are transported to earlier or later times or to different places historical people are seen participating in entirely fictional events , or vice versa the actions of historical people are attributed to other persons For the purposes of this list , Biblical characters are generally taken to be fictional , unless there is clear evidence of their historicity . Operas appear in bold when the historical figure is also the title role . Where a character appears in more than opera , the entries are sorted by composer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6118eb329a4c18673bceccd926a5e4f", "text": "Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) . The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "16ae3bae18e35ddc77244d4418757a46", "text": "Bill Gates William Henry Gates III ( born October 28 , 1955 ) is the co-founder of Microsoft and is an American business magnate , investor , author and philanthropist . In 1975 , Gates and Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft , which became the world 's largest PC software company . During his career at Microsoft , Gates held the positions of chairman , CEO and chief software architect , while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014 . Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000 , but he remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect for himself . In June 2006 , Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie and Craig Mundie . He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014 , taking on a new post as technology adviser to support the then newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella . Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution . He has been criticized for his business tactics , which have been considered anti-competitive , an opinion that has in some cases been upheld by numerous court rulings . Later in his career , Gates pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors , donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , established in 2000 . Since 1987 , Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world 's wealthiest people . Gates is the richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 88.5 billion . In 2009 , Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge , whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ea961aac90eb8511ed74b523ff9b735f", "text": "Monolithic application In software engineering , a monolithic application describes a single-tiered software application in which the user interface and data access code are combined into a single program from a single platform . A monolithic application is self-contained , and independent from other computing applications . The design philosophy is that the application is responsible not just for a particular task , but can perform every step needed to complete a particular function . Today , some personal finance applications are monolithic in the sense that they help the user carry out a complete task , end to end , and are `` private data silos '' rather than parts of a larger system of applications that work together . Some word processors are monolithic applications . These applications are sometimes associated with mainframe computers . In software engineering , a monolithic application describes a software application which is designed without modularity . Modularity is desirable , in general , as it supports reuse of parts of the application logic and also facilitates maintenance by allowing repair or replacement of parts of the application without requiring wholesale replacement . Modularity is achieved to various extents by different modularization approaches . Code-based modularity allows developers to reuse and repair parts of the application , but development tools are required to perform these maintenance functions ( e.g. the application may need to be recompiled ) . Object-based modularity provides the application as a collection of separate executable files which may be independently maintained and replaced without redeploying the entire application ( e.g. Microsoft `` dll '' files ; Sun/UNIX `` shared object '' files ) . Some object messaging capabilities allow object-based applications to be distributed across multiple computers ( e.g. Microsoft COM + ) . Service-oriented architectures use specific communication standards/protocols to communicate between modules . In its original use , the term `` monolithic '' described enormous main frame applications with no usable modularity . This -- in combination with rapid increase in computational power and therefore rapid increase in the complexity of the problems which could be tackled by software -- resulted in unmaintainable systems and the `` software crisis '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34dd48dc2e7778caee39da329deef3a9", "text": "Buckminster Fuller Challenge The Buckminster Fuller Challenge is an annual international design competition that awards $ 100,000 to the most comprehensive solution to a pressing global problem . The Challenge was launched in 2007 and is a program of The Buckminster Fuller Institute . The competition , open to designers , artists , architects , students , environmentalists , and organizations world-wide , has been dubbed `` Socially-Responsible Design 's Highest Award '' by Metropolis Magazine . According to the Buckminster Fuller Challenge website : `` Winning solutions are regionally specific yet globally applicable and present a truly comprehensive , anticipatory , integrated approach to solving the world 's complex problems . '' Furthermore , the criteria of the Challenge calls not for a stand-alone solution , but an integrated strategy that addresses social , environmental , economic and cultural issues . This is aligned with the design approach of Buckminster Fuller , which he referred to as `` comprehensive anticipatory design science '' . Winners of the Buckminster Fuller Challenge include John Todd ( 2008 ) , MIT 's Smart Cities Group ( 2009 ) , , Allan Savory and the Africa Center for Holistic management ( 2010 ) , Blue Ventures ( 2011 ) and the Living Building Challenge ( 2012 ) . Each year 's winner is ultimately decided by an international jury of renowned whole systems thinkers and practitioners of sustainability . Former jury members include Jose Zaglul , Alan Kay , Mitchell Joachim , Adam Bly , Jamais Cascio , Nicholas Grimshaw , Hunter Lovins , William McDonough , Janine Benyus , and Danny Hillis . Although there is only one winner per year , the majority of the entries received are featured on the Buckminster Fuller Challenge website within a fully searchable database known as the Idea Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8912100f99e01c2688cbb106ea0f4187", "text": "Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented . This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service . There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream . IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications . Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers . `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing . The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients . One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle . The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e363605646e38b2694838393c67ddd8", "text": "Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs . The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America . Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baa920e4d0848daf189dfc1de21d6330", "text": "Legal aspects of computing Legal aspects of computing are related to the overlapping areas of law and computing . The first one , historically , was information technology law ( or IT law ) . ( `` IT law '' should not be confused with the IT aspects of law itself , although there are overlapping issues . ) IT law consists of the law ( statutes , regulations , and caselaw ) which governs the digital dissemination of both ( digitalized ) information and software itself ( see history of free and open-source software ) , and legal aspects of information technology more broadly . IT law covers mainly the digital information ( including information security and electronic commerce ) aspects and it has been described as `` paper laws '' for a `` paperless environment '' . Cyberlaw or Internet law is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of the Internet . It is less a distinct field of law than intellectual property or contract law , as it is a domain covering many areas of law and regulation . Some leading topics include internet access and usage , privacy , freedom of expression , and jurisdiction . `` Computer law '' is a third term which tends to relate to issues including both Internet law and the patent and copyright aspects of computer technology and software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7db2597f082bcee2b59b221da448d2da", "text": "William States Lee III William States Lee III , popularly known as Bill Lee , was born in Charlotte , North Carolina in 1929 . He attended Woodberry Forest School and was a Magna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Princeton University in Civil Engineering . After serving in the United States Navy 's SeaBees , Lee joined Duke Power 's engineering department in 1955 as a junior engineer . He was promoted to engineering vice president in 1965 , engineering and construction senior vice president in 1971 , and executive vice president in 1976 . He became president and chief operating officer of Duke Power Company in 1978 and chairman and Chief Executive Officer in 1982 . Lee helped to form the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations after the Three Mile Island accident . He was also an initiator of the World Association of Nuclear Operators , in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster , becoming its first president . In 1989 , he was named `` CEO of the decade '' by Financial World magazine . Lee retired from Duke Power in 1994 . He died of cardiac arrest in New York City July 10 , 1996 . A popular man and supporter of education , the College of Engineering at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte was named in his honor in 1994 , as was the `` Bill Lee Freeway '' , a stretch of Interstate Highway 77 north from Charlotte , and Duke Energy 's William States Lee III Nuclear Generating Station in South Carolina . Lee was awarded the North Carolina Award for Public Service in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b42419a32f4b304c0a5f7f749e32a49", "text": "Architectural forgery in Japan In Japan , structural engineers designing structures exceeding a certain floor area or number of storeys must submit drawings and calculations to the authorities , demonstrating that the building is safe ( e.g. earthquake-resistant , etc. ) `` Structural Calculation Forgery Problem '' ( 構造計算書偽造問題 , kōzō keisansho gizō mondai ) refers to a series of incidents , set off by the Ministry of Land , Infrastructure and Transport 's November 17 , 2005 , announcement that structural engineer Hidetsugu Aneha of Aneha Architectural Design Office in Chiba Prefecture had falsified earthquake design calculations . A number of Japanese construction and real estate companies have had to declare bankruptcy due to their involvement in the affair , including Kimura Construction and Huser . Note that Aneha is frequently referred to as an architect , as Japan has a unique licensing system where structural engineers designing buildings are registered as first-class architects . It is suggested that one of the causes for the problem was that the ( privately owned ) oversight agencies responsible for confirming compliance to Japanese safety standards did not detect the forgery . Prior to 1999 , oversight was managed solely by regional governments , however , a change made to Japanese law that year allowed private organizations to conduct investigations as well . It was said that these private organizations , such as `` EHomes '' and `` Nihon ERI '' did not adequately function in their oversight roles , however , it was later revealed that government oversight agencies had also failed to detect some instances of forgery . Of 14 hotels that had already been built under false pretenses when the problem first came to light , two of them were shown to fail Japan 's earthquake resistance standards . Because the concrete had insufficient reinforcing steel , there was a fear that an earthquake of magnitude 5 on the Japanese Shindo scale could cause the buildings to collapse . None of the buildings in question have yet collapsed , but the safety of high-rise buildings in earthquake-prone Japan has been called into question , particularly in the light of the 1995 Sampoong Department Store collapse in Korea . Residents of the areas around the affected buildings live in a constant state of unease , not knowing if or when the buildings will collapse . Some hotels , unable to guarantee the safety of their customers , have ceased operations . As the architect concerned in the matter has participated in the construction of a large number of buildings , the full extent of the problem is still unknown . In Japan , the incident was first publicized by bloggers . Hidetsugu Aneha , Moriyoshi Kimura , Akira Shinozuka and Togo Fujita etc. were arrested on April 26 , 2006 , and Huser 's president Susumu Ojima was arrested on May 17 of the same year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49edc0e25c4d6f1b4445da248df86afe", "text": "Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern . This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces . Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany . The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession . Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . ) A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . ) These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01b13a54e784b37e5e4499da5d61824", "text": "Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives . After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption . Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s . At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) . In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers . Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme . Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf61341df2972c475d2883c71ff2fff3", "text": "Website wireframe A website wireframe , also known as a page schematic or screen blueprint , is a visual guide that represents the skeletal framework of a website . Wireframes are created for the purpose of arranging elements to best accomplish a particular purpose . The purpose is usually being informed by a business objective and a creative idea . The wireframe depicts the page layout or arrangement of the website 's content , including interface elements and navigational systems , and how they work together . The wireframe usually lacks typographic style , color , or graphics , since the main focus lies in functionality , behavior , and priority of content . In other words , it focuses on what a screen does , not what it looks like . Wireframes can be pencil drawings or sketches on a whiteboard , or they can be produced by means of a broad array of free or commercial software applications . Wireframes are generally created by business analysts , user experience designers , developers , visual designers , and by those with expertise in interaction design , information architecture and user research . Wireframes focus on : The range of functions available The relative priorities of the information and functions The rules for displaying certain kinds of information The effect of different scenarios on the display The website wireframe connects the underlying conceptual structure , or information architecture , to the surface , or visual design of the website . Wireframes help establish functionality and the relationships between different screen templates of a website . An iterative process , creating wireframes is an effective way to make rapid prototypes of pages , while measuring the practicality of a design concept . Wireframing typically begins between `` high-level structural work -- like flowcharts or site maps -- and screen designs . '' Within the process of building a website , wireframing is where thinking becomes tangible . Aside from websites , wireframes are utilized for the prototyping of mobile sites , computer applications , or other screen-based products that involve human-computer interaction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd194a94133cde34b7fda3118379729b", "text": "William Appleton (entrepreneur) William `` Bill '' Appleton ( born May 23 , 1961 ) is an American entrepreneur and technologist best known as the programmer of the first rich media authoring tool World Builder , the multimedia programming language SuperCard , a best-selling CD-ROM Titanic : Adventure Out of Time , and DreamFactory , a cloud service platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35872ab74fcf4343447f03e41b63cf80", "text": "Integrated circuit layout Integrated circuit layout , also known IC layout , IC mask layout , or mask design , is the representation of an integrated circuit in terms of planar geometric shapes which correspond to the patterns of metal , oxide , or semiconductor layers that make up the components of the integrated circuit . When using a standard process -- where the interaction of the many chemical , thermal , and photographic variables is known and carefully controlled -- the behaviour of the final integrated circuit depends largely on the positions and interconnections of the geometric shapes . Using a computer-aided layout tool , the layout engineer -- or layout technician -- places and connects all of the components that make up the chip such that they meet certain criteria -- typically : performance , size , density , and manufacturability . This practice is often subdivided between two primary layout disciplines : Analog and digital . The generated layout must pass a series of checks in a process known as physical verification . The most common checks in this verification process are design rule checking ( DRC ) , layout versus schematic ( LVS ) , parasitic extraction , antenna rule checking , and electrical rule checking ( ERC ) . When all verification is complete , the data is translated into an industry-standard format , typically GDSII , and sent to a semiconductor foundry . The process of sending this data to the foundry is called tapeout because the data used to be shipped out on a magnetic tape . The foundry converts the data into another format and uses it to generate the photomasks used in a photolithographic process of semiconductor device fabrication . In the earlier , simpler , days of IC design , layout was done by hand using opaque tapes and films , much like the early days of printed circuit board ( PCB ) design . Modern IC layout is done with the aid of IC layout editor software , mostly automatically using EDA tools , including place and route tools or schematic-driven layout tools . The manual operation of choosing and positioning the geometric shapes is informally known as `` polygon pushing '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa", "text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4478368fd861952944518d3e11a0ddd6", "text": "Core International Core International , Inc. commonly known as Core , was a multinational computer and technology corporation headquartered in Boca Raton , Florida , United States . The company is now part of Sony and no longer exists as stand-alone identity . The company was founded in 1979 by Hal Prewitt as a technology firm to develop , market and support computer related products and services . They were best known for supporting IBM 's first business microcomputers such as the 5100 , 5110 and 5120 . With the introduction of the IBM PC and PC AT , the company provided an extensive line of disk drives , backup and personal computer products . Core became very well known as a leading industry developer of disk array and computer data storage . Many of Core 's products were the first of their kind , had no direct competition and were widely regarded for their superior performance and reliability . Users and the computer press raved about Core 's products . Infoworld described Core 's ATplus `` is built like a Sherman tank , offering exceptional performance and reliability . '' PC Magazine called them `` Workhorses of Performance Computing '' and `` High-quality construction . . breaks the speed barrier for access times '' and asked `` Will other manufactures follow suit ? '' Core was known for their advertising and perhaps produced a few of the PC Industry 's greatest promotions . The 1985 and 1986 rebate and recall Ad for IBM PC AT hard disk drives . So successful and controversial , there was a rumor it was a topic at an IBM board of directors meeting . And the time where they gave away a free IBM PC AT when purchasing one of Core 's ATplus 72 MB drives . Core remained a private company solely owned by Prewitt until 1993 when purchased by Aiwa , which was a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c30b29dc6d484e2a8fdf60f0cd0bc5", "text": "4+1 architectural view model 4 +1 is a view model designed by Philippe Kruchten for `` describing the architecture of software-intensive systems , based on the use of multiple , concurrent views '' . The views are used to describe the system from the viewpoint of different stakeholders , such as end-users , developers and project managers . The four views of the model are logical , development , process and physical view . In addition selected use cases or scenarios are used to illustrate the architecture serving as the ` plus one ' view . Hence the model contains 4 +1 views : Development view : The development view illustrates a system from a programmer 's perspective and is concerned with software management . This view is also known as the implementation view . It uses the UML Component diagram to describe system components . UML Diagrams used to represent the development view include the Package diagram . Logical view : The logical view is concerned with the functionality that the system provides to end-users . UML diagrams used to represent the logical view include , class diagrams , and state diagrams . Physical view : The physical view depicts the system from a system engineer 's point of view . It is concerned with the topology of software components on the physical layer as well as the physical connections between these components . This view is also known as the deployment view . UML diagrams used to represent the physical view include the deployment diagram . Process view : The process view deals with the dynamic aspects of the system , explains the system processes and how they communicate , and focuses on the runtime behavior of the system . The process view addresses concurrency , distribution , integrators , performance , and scalability , etc. . UML diagrams to represent process view include the activity diagram . Scenarios : The description of an architecture is illustrated using a small set of use cases , or scenarios , which become a fifth view . The scenarios describe sequences of interactions between objects and between processes . They are used to identify architectural elements and to illustrate and validate the architecture design . They also serve as a starting point for tests of an architecture prototype . This view is also known as the use case view . The 4 +1 view model is generic and is not restricted to any notation , tool or design method . Quoting Kruchten ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dafd530a7e3244c263c36ffcae52bb6e", "text": "Cairo (operating system) Cairo was the code name for a project at Microsoft from 1991 to 1996 . Its charter was to build technologies for a next generation operating system that would fulfill Bill Gates ' vision of `` information at your fingertips . '' Cairo never shipped , although portions of its technologies have since appeared in other products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da4adfe6763655af9e6ce543c8ecc13", "text": "Robert Gates Robert Michael `` Bob '' Gates ( born September 25 , 1943 ) is an American statesman , scholar , and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011 . Gates initially began his career serving as an officer in the United States Air Force but was quickly recruited by the CIA . Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council , and was Director of Central Intelligence under President George H. W. Bush . After leaving the CIA , Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards . Gates served as a member of the Iraq Study Group , the bipartisan commission co-chaired by James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton , that studied the lessons of the Iraq War . Gates was nominated by Republican President George W. Bush as Secretary of Defense after the 2006 election , replacing Donald Rumsfeld . He was confirmed with bipartisan support . In a 2007 profile written by former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski , Time named Gates one of the year 's most influential people . In 2008 , Gates was named one of America 's Best Leaders by U.S. News & World Report . He continued to serve as Secretary of Defense in President Barack Obama 's administration . He retired in 2011 . `` He 'll be remembered for making us aware of the danger of over-reliance on military intervention as an instrument of American foreign policy , '' said former Senator David L. Boren . Gates was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the nation 's highest civilian award , by President Obama during his retirement ceremony . According to a Washington Post book review , he is `` widely considered the best defense secretary of the post-World War II era '' . Since leaving the Obama Administration , Gates has been elected President of the Boy Scouts of America , served as Chancellor of the College of William & Mary , and served as a member on several corporate boards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4608cad0f91686692fece7392450cb14", "text": "Service-oriented modeling Service-oriented modeling is the discipline of modeling business and software systems , for the purpose of designing and specifying service-oriented business systems within a variety of architectural styles and paradigms , such as application architecture , service-oriented architecture , microservices , and cloud computing . Any service-oriented modeling method typically includes a modeling language that can be employed by both the ` problem domain organization ' ( the Business ) , and ` solution domain organization ' ( the Information Technology Department ) , whose unique perspectives typically influence the service development life-cycle strategy and the projects implemented using that strategy . Service-oriented modeling typically strives to create models that provide a comprehensive view of the analysis , design , and architecture of all ` Software Entities ' in an organization , which can be understood by individuals with diverse levels of business and technical understanding . Service-oriented modeling typically encourages viewing software entities as ` assets ' ( service-oriented assets ) , and refers to these assets collectively as ` services ' . A key service design concern is to find the right service granularity both on the business ( domain ) level and on a technical ( interface contract ) level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "908a789346a09e2c7d451b79e20c3a41", "text": "Archigram __ NOTOC __ Archigram was an avant-garde architectural group formed in the 1960s - based at the Architectural Association , London - that was neofuturistic , anti-heroic and pro-consumerist , drawing inspiration from technology in order to create a new reality that was solely expressed through hypothetical projects . The main members of the group were Peter Cook , Warren Chalk , Ron Herron , Dennis Crompton , Michael Webb and David Greene . Designer Theo Crosby was the `` hidden hand '' behind the group . He gave them coverage in Architectural Design magazine ( where he was an editor from 1953 -- 62 ) , brought them to the attention of the Institute of Contemporary Arts ( ICA ) in London , where , in 1963 , they mounted an exhibition called Living Cities , and in 1964 brought them into the Taylor Woodrow Design Group , which he headed , to take on experimental projects . The pamphlet Archigram I was printed in 1961 to proclaim their ideas . Committed to a ` high tech ' , light weight , infra-structural approach that was focused towards survival technology , the group experimented with modular technology , mobility through the environment , space capsules and mass-consumer imagery . Their works offered a seductive vision of a glamorous future machine age ; however , social and environmental issues were left unaddressed . Archigram agitated to prevent modernism from becoming a sterile and safe orthodoxy by its adherents . Unlike ephemeralisation from Buckminster Fuller which assumes more must be done with less material ( because material is finite ) , Archigram relies on a future of interminable resources . The works of Archigram had a neofuturistic slant being influenced by Antonio Sant ` Elia 's works . Buckminster Fuller and Yona Friedman were also important sources of inspiration . The works of Archigram served as a source of inspiration for later works such as the High tech ` Pompidou centre ' 1971 by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano , early Norman Foster works , Gianfranco Franchini and Future Systems . By the early 1970s the strategy of the group had changed . In 1973 Theo Crosby wrote that its members had `` found their original impulses towards megastructures blunted by the changing intellectual climate in England , where the brash dreams of modern architects are received with ever-increasing horror . They are now more concerned with the infiltration of technology into the environment at a much less obvious level '' . The group was financially supported by mainstream architects , such as David Rock of BDP . Rock later nominated Archigram for the RIBA Royal Gold Medal which they received in 2002 . Sixpack France dedicated their Summer Spring 2009 Collection to this movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4f3827bd9b297bb086fe126704cb4a5", "text": "Information Age The Information Age ( also known as the Computer Age , Digital Age , or New Media Age ) is a period in human history characterized by the shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization , to an economy based on information computerization . The onset of the Information Age is associated with the Digital Revolution , just as the Industrial Revolution marked the onset of the Industrial Age . The definition of what digital means ( or what information means ) continues to change over time as new technologies , user devices , methods of interaction with other humans and devices enter the domain of research , development and market launch . During the Information Age , the phenomenon is that the digital industry creates a knowledge-based society surrounded by a high-tech global economy that spans over its influence on how the manufacturing throughout and the service sector operate in an efficient and convenient way . In a commercialized society , the information industry is able to allow individuals to explore their personalized needs , therefore simplifying the procedure of making decisions for transactions and significantly lowering costs for both the producers and buyers . This is accepted overwhelmingly by participants throughout the entire economic activities for efficacy purposes , and new economic incentives would then be indigenously encouraged , such as the knowledge economy . The Information Age formed by capitalizing on computer microminiaturization advances . This evolution of technology in daily life and social organization has led to the fact that the modernization of information and communication processes has become the driving force of social evolution .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "492bbeb7b37cbe309622dbb3ea387704", "text": "Celine Dion Céline Marie Claudette Dion , ( -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... ( 2003 -- 07 ) , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff", "text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9d71efae12f29dea391ecf8804786f7b", "text": "Tender Is the Night (Johnny Mathis album) Tender Is the Night is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released by Mercury Records on January 23 , 1964 and included selections from stage and screen as well as two new songs from `` Fly Me to the Moon '' composer Bart Howard . This first of four studio albums that Mathis released that year debuted on Billboard magazine 's Top LP 's chart in the issue dated February 15 , 1964 , and remained there for 28 weeks , peaking at number 13 . The album was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums in a two-CD set by Sony Music Entertainment on August 28 , 2012 , the other album being Mathis 's follow-up from the summer of 1964 , The Wonderful World of Make Believe . Tender Is The Night was also included in Sony 's Mathis box set The Complete Global Albums Collection , which was released on November 17 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e5a5dbced6b3b50e237e1a1c213bbbd", "text": "Le ballet (Celine Dion song) `` Le ballet '' ( meaning `` The Ballet '' ) is a radio single by Celine Dion from her album D'eux . It was released in January 1996 in France and was immediately a huge radio hit , ranking as the 6th most economically profitable song of 1996 in France . `` Le ballet '' is a bluesy groove song , with percussive finger snaps , harmonica and electric guitar that shows Dion singing blues for first time . The song is an example of D'eux style that was influenced by continental pop , folk music , jazz and 1970s soul . Written and produced by Jean-Jacques Goldman this track is considered an example of Goldman 's handling of mature topics and feelings and is known for Dion 's imitations of instruments . Starting in her D'eux Tour in 1995 , and featured on the Live à Paris album , she used an extended version of this song to introduce all her band members . She performed the song similarly on her Falling Into You Around the World Tour . There was no video made for the song . `` Le ballet '' was included as the B-side of `` Falling into You '' single , released later . The song peaked at number five on the French Airplay Chart . It spent two weeks inside top ten and eleven weeks on the chart in total . It was also featured on some editions of Dion 's greatest hits compilation On ne change pas in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275664bcd87b4620bff410f3595e85a4", "text": "Diana Vickers discography The discography of Diana Vickers , a British singer-songwriter , consists of two studio albums , one extended play , and seven singles . Vickers debuted in 2008 as a contestant on the The X Factor , a British television music competition . Her fourth-place finish brought Vickers to the attention of RCA Records , which signed her in 2009 . Vickers released her debut studio album Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree in May 2010 . The album reached number one on the United Kingdom albums chart and the top ten of the Irish and Scottish album charts . In August 2010 , it was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Two singles were released from the album : `` Once '' and `` The Boy Who Murdered Love '' , with `` Once '' peaking at number one in the UK . `` My Wicked Heart '' , a non-album song , followed in late 2010 . In July 2011 , Vickers parted ways with RCA Records citing `` musical differences '' in the direction for the second album as the reason behind the mutual split . In February 2013 , it was revealed that Vickers had signed a worldwide record deal with So Recordings . On 9 April 2013 , it was confirmed that the lead single to Vickers ' second album is titled `` Cinderella '' , with a preview snippet being made available on iTunes . `` Cinderella '' was released to digital retailers on 21 July 2013 in the UK . Vickers ' second album titled , Music to Make Boys Cry followed on 15 September 2013 in the UK and Ireland along with the title track serving as the album 's second single . The album charted at number thirty-seven on the UK Albums Chart and number nine on the UK Indie Chart on 22 September 2013 . It also broke into the Top 20 of the Irish Independent Albums Chart peaking at number nineteen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d2d423f9731e7fe955f9a2e134497c5", "text": "That's the Way It Is (Celine Dion song) `` That 's the Way It Is '' is the lead single from Celine Dion 's greatest hits album All the Way ... A Decade of Song , released on 1 November 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a87edf5ef342fe34b6610c7b1a15f29", "text": "Sheree Jeacocke Sheree Jeacocke ( born 1958 , Toronto , Ontario ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter . During the early 1980s Jeacocke starred in the CBC-TV musical The King Of Friday Night and worked as a backup singer for Gordon Lightfoot , Rita MacNeil , Glass Tiger and Kim Mitchell . In 1985 Jeacocke released her first single `` You Get To Me '' . In 1986 she released her first album Feel It and was nominated for `` Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year '' at the 17th annual Juno Awards , in Canada . Much of her financial success in music was in singing jingles for many 1980s Canadian broadcast advertisements . She signed a contract with BMG in 1989 and released her second album Sheree . The first single , `` Woman 's Work '' became her biggest hit as a lead vocalist , hitting the Canadian Top 10 in February 1990 . The song was later remade by Tina Arena , among others . In 1990 , Sheree participated in the Best Guy movie soundtrack , released in Japan , on which she sings `` Best Guy '' , `` Woman 's Work '' , `` Bang On '' and `` Where Do We Go From Here ? '' . In 1993 , she released her third and last album , Miss My Love , whose singles were the title track and `` Serious '' . After her contract with BMG ended , she independently released the EP Jeacocke in 1995 , which included a remake of `` Woman 's Work '' and a remake of the Jean Knight hit `` Mr. Big Stuff '' . The dance remixes of `` Mr. Big Stuff '' became a hit in the clubs , which led to her collaboration on various dance singles . In the mid-1990s , using the pseudonym J-Cock , and with the act Pleasure Beat , she released eurodance remakes of Robin Beck 's `` First Time '' and Alanis Morissette 's `` Hand In My Pocket '' , as well as a solo remake of Stevie Wonder 's `` Sunshine Of My Life '' and Queen 's `` We Will Rock You '' ( as Deeva ) . After a few more dance releases she left the recording industry for the most part . Today , she is known as Sheree Cerqua , a Toronto real estate agent like her husband Larry Cerqua .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85e5e535df1e04c710a447ce2233eb7", "text": "Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 . The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics . It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dae4ecc1f16a4c1c6edd97e1d78976fe", "text": "Artis Award The Artis Award is based on popular vote and is presented for achievements in French-Canadian ( Québécois ) television ; called in French the Prix Artis . Many notable Québécois performing artists have been honored with this award , like Rémy Girard ( 2006 ) . The Artis Award is the successor of the MetroStar Award . The sponsorship of this award and its name were changed in 2006 . From the current Artis Gala website : '' ... This gala enables the public to honor its favorite artists from Québécois television . '' ( '' ... ce gala permet au public de rendre hommage à ses artistes favoris de la télévision québécoise . '' ) At the first Gala Artis , held in Montreal on Sunday , April 30 , 2006 , Céline Dion performed `` Tout près du bonheur '' ( in French only ) with Marc Dupré .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28cb8fe3bea224a791e27589e58fe550", "text": "Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions . Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction . Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "631a9534136fe8ae371dc25f18c10982", "text": "To Love You More `` To Love You More '' is a single by Celine Dion , written by David Foster and Edgar Bronfman , Jr. , writing under the pen-name Junior Miles . It was released in Japan on 21 October 1995 . The lyrics are about a woman who makes an impassioned plea to her lover so that he does not leave her for another woman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b171098dbea6c63f8363fc56eee3b6f3", "text": "Introducing Dionne Bromfield Introducing Dionne Bromfield is the debut album from British singer Dionne Bromfield . In September 2009 , it was announced that Bromfield , then 13 years old was the first artist to be signed to her godmother Amy Winehouse 's new record label Lioness Records . The album was released on 12 October 2009 , reaching number 33 on the UK album charts . To promote the album , Bromfield released two singles : `` Mama Said '' and `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' as well as performing on various TV shows and events including Strictly Come Dancing with Winehouse on backing vocals and at the Young Voices concert at the M.E.N. Arena in 2009 and at the O2 Arena in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "194d5e0e94f37a958dd0093f6903efa6", "text": "Miracle: A Celebration of New Life Miracle : A Celebration of New Life is a book resulting from the collaboration of Anne Geddes with Canadian singer Céline Dion . The project is a combination of music and photos revolving around the themes of new life and babies . The book was published in nine languages in 22 countries simultaneously , and remained in The New York Times bestseller list for six weeks . Miracle appeared on The Wall Street Journal nonfiction bestseller list , as well as the Publishers Weekly , Barnes & Noble , amazon.com Canada , and BookSense nonfiction hardcover bestseller lists and was # 1 on the Wal-Mart . com bestseller list for two weeks . In Germany , Miracle debuted at # 3 on the prestigious GEO magazine bestseller list for the month of December 2004 , and remained within the top ten at # 6 for the month of January 2005 . It was # 12 on the Livre Hebdo Fall 2004 illustrated books bestseller list in France . The album was a Billboard magazine Top 5 international bestseller in December 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffe103bf597740ccd83d07f9c1ce4a7f", "text": "Heartbreaker (Dionne Warwick album) Heartbreaker is a 1982 album by American singer Dionne Warwick , her fourth for the Arista label . It was largely written by the Bee Gees , and produced by Barry Gibb with Karl Richardson and Albhy Galuten ; Gibb and Galuten also served as musicians on the album . Heartbreaker sold an estimated three million copies worldwide . In the United States , the album was certified Gold for sales in excess of 500,000 copies . In the United Kingdom , it reached No. 3 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified Platinum . The title track , which was the album 's lead single , hit the US Pop Top 10 as well as No. 1 Adult Contemporary in the United States , and No. 2 in the UK . The following two singles were `` Take the Short Way Home '' ( US Billboard No. 41 , Cash Box No. 32 ) and `` All The Love in the World '' ( the latter reaching the UK Top 10 ) . In the UK , `` Yours '' was also released as a single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b89abecc61396f73d421c1fed36cfe8c", "text": "Red Leaf Records Red Leaf Records was founded in January 1965 by independent Canadian record producers Duff Roman and Danny Mostoway ( Roman Records ) , Art Snider and David Pears ( Chateau , Canatal , ACT ) and Stan Klees ( Tamarac , Bigland ) , . Believing that radio stations , record dealers and consumers had become confused by the profusion of small labels whose releases were far and few between and scantily promoted and advertised , Red Leaf 's founders retired their own labels to join forces in a national super-independent Each unit operated independent of each other , but capitalized on the identity of a larger , cohesive organization . The next year ( 1966 ) the label won the Juno Gold Leaf award for `` Canadian Content Company '' . Beginning in early 1965 , Red Leaf released records by a wide array of artists , including rock and pop acts like The Paupers David Clayton Thomas and Bobby Vann from Toronto , The Characters from Ottawa and The British Modbeats from St. Catharines . Other releases featured soul singers Shirley Matthews and Jay Jackson , girl groups like The Allan Sisters and The Charmaines , the country duo The Rainvilles , novelty records by The Teenyboppers and radio jock Dave Mickey , and even a Christmas 45 . The label released two LP 's and about three dozen singles before dissolving in the late 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81098e1495d8dea583e7266bb3df162a", "text": "Donna the Prima Donna `` Donna the Prima Donna '' is a song written by Dion DiMucci and Ernie Maresca and performed by Dion . The song reached # 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and # 17 on the R&B chart in 1963 . The song appeared on his 1963 album , Donna the Prima Donna . The song was produced by Robert Mersey and arranged by DiMucci . The backing group on the song is The Del-Satins . The song was ranked # 86 on Billboard magazine 's Top Hot 100 songs of 1963 . The song references Zsa Zsa Gabor and how the titular girl in the song tries to look like her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46786b7ceb7ed36957b5f6ec97087ba6", "text": "S'il suffisait d'aimer (song) `` S'il suffisait d'aimer '' ( meaning `` If It Were Enough to Love '' ) is the second single from Celine Dion 's album S'il suffisait d'aimer . It was released on 23 November 1998 in Francophone countries and became the most successful single from this album . It 's a song written and produced by Jean-Jacques Goldman . `` S'il suffisait d'aimer '' live music video was directed by Yannick Saillet during the Let 's Talk About Love Tour in 1998 . It was included later on Dion 's On ne change pas DVD . The single was released in selected European countries , reaching number 4 in France , number 6 in Belgium Wallonia and number 19 in Europe . It was certified gold in France ( 265,000 copies sold ) and Belgium ( 25,000 ) . A live version of `` S'il suffisait d'aimer '' appeared on the Au cœur du stade album and DVD . The latter also included the recording of this song as a bonus . Dion also performed it live during the French concerts of her 2008-09 Taking Chances Tour ; this performance is included in the French edition of the Taking Chances World Tour : The Concert CD/DVD . It was also performed during her historic performance in front of 250,000 spectators to celebrate Quebec 's 400th anniversary , which was included on Céline sur les Plaines DVD in 2008 . The song was also performed in the Sans attendre Tour of 2013 ; the performance in Quebec City is included in the Céline ... une seule fois / Live 2013 CD/DVD . In 2016 , Dion performed this song during her Summer Tour 2016 . The track became a part of the On ne change pas greatest hits compilation in 2005 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f074d1c8f43e8bc1e34415bb75551ce7", "text": "True Blood True Blood is an American dark fantasy horror television series produced and created by Alan Ball and based on The Southern Vampire Mysteries series of novels by Charlaine Harris . The series revolves around Sookie Stackhouse ( Anna Paquin ) , a telepathic waitress living in the rural town of Bon Temps , Louisiana , two years after the invention of a synthetic blood that has allowed vampires to `` come out of the coffin '' and allow their presence to be known to mankind . Now they are struggling for equal rights and assimilation , while anti-vampire organizations begin to gain power . Sookie 's world is turned upside down when she falls in love with 173-year-old vampire Bill Compton ( Stephen Moyer ) and for the first time must navigate the trials , tribulations and terrors of intimacy and relationships . The show was broadcast on the premium cable network HBO , in the United States , and was produced by HBO in association with Ball 's production company , Your Face Goes Here Entertainment . The series premiered on September 7 , 2008 and concluded on August 24 , 2014 , comprising seven seasons and 80 episodes . The first five seasons received highly positive reviews , and both nominations and wins for several awards , including a Golden Globe and an Emmy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "09b07b45caae35d333c59a7c7ee37659", "text": "Tales of the Vampires Tales of the Vampires is a five issue American comic book limited series ( later collected in a single trade paperback ) , published by Dark Horse Comics and set in the Buffyverse . It comprises an anthology of short stories written by Joss Whedon , Jane Espenson , Ben Edlund , and Drew Goddard . Each story tells the tale of one or more Buffyverse vampires , and the otherwise unrelated collection is strung together by a bridging story written by Whedon . The anthology is presented as a series of stories told by an ancient vampire to a group of young Watchers . Tales of the Vampires is the tale of that storytelling session and functions as a bridge among the other items in the anthology . The stories in this series are generally considered to be an official part of the Buffyverse canon . Dark Horse published a new one-shot special based on the Tales of the Vampires concept by Becky Cloonan , Vasilis Lolos , Gabriel Bá and Fabio Moon in June 2009 . Specifically , this one-shot is a tie-in with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight storyline following `` Harmonic Divergence '' in which vampires become very popular with the public at large .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b32475d6402502fd34652dca9c95341", "text": "Iron Maiden discography The discography of Iron Maiden , a British heavy metal band founded in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris , includes sixteen studio albums , as well as numerous live albums , compilations , EPs , singles , video albums , music videos , and box sets . After several auditions and changes , the final lineup consisted of vocalist Paul Di'Anno , guitarists Dave Murray and Dennis Stratton , and drummer Clive Burr . They released their self-titled debut album in 1980 ; quickly becoming one of the leading proponents of the new wave of British heavy metal movement . Guitarist Adrian Smith replaced Stratton , and a `` consistent highlight '' , Killers , was released in 1981 . Later that year , vocalist Bruce Dickinson replaced Paul Di'Anno , marking the beginning of a series of top-ten high-impact releases . They issued `` the 1982 masterpiece '' , The Number of the Beast , becoming the band 's first release to top the UK charts , and received a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Drummer Nicko McBrain replaced Clive Burr , and the band released Piece of Mind in 1983 , followed by a `` true heavy metal achievement '' , Powerslave ( 1984 ) . Iron Maiden broadened their sound with the use of guitar synthesisers in Somewhere in Time ( 1986 ) . Their following concept album , Seventh Son of a Seventh Son , was released in 1988 , and also topped the UK charts . The line-up remained unchanged until Adrian Smith left the band during the pre-production stage of their last gold-certified album in the US , No Prayer for the Dying ( 1990 ) ; he was replaced by Janick Gers . Their next UK No. 1 album , Fear of the Dark , was released in 1992 , after which Dickinson left the band in the following year . His replacement , Blaze Bayley , debuted in 1995 with The X Factor , `` a lackluster '' album that marked a decline in the band 's career . The diminished fan interest in 1998 with Virtual XI prompted Bayley 's departure . Dickinson and Smith returned to the band in 1999 , and a new album , Brave New World , was issued in 2000 . Three years later , Dance of Death was released , which marked `` a triumphant return to form '' . In 2006 they released `` a more elaborate and meandering '' album , A Matter of Life and Death , which received , along with their two previous studio releases , a gold certification by the BPI . In 2010 , Iron Maiden issued The Final Frontier , which was positively received by critics , and debuted at No. 1 in over twenty-eight countries , including the United Kingdom . Their sixteenth studio effort , The Book of Souls , was released on 4 September 2015 and became their fifth UK No. 1 album . Overall , the band have reputedly sold between 80 and 100 million albums worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ca4ce7fa5bca3caf2c8c51f9c63e13", "text": "List of high fantasy films and TV series This is a list of films and TV series in the high fantasy genre . High fantasy is defined by being set in an imaginary fantasy world rather than in our real , mundane world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6118eb329a4c18673bceccd926a5e4f", "text": "Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) . The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d8d1f11427c79034d33932b464e996", "text": "Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes . The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism . American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus : Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body . The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66f28332c6af504520cb478779b0bbb", "text": "Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism . In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b42c3d7bd7e40a27e759b88cd08ea61", "text": "Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being . After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know . When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life . Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . '' Category : American children 's novels Category :1991 American novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94486546ed2f068c6b7588250cf0b064", "text": "Alchemy in art and entertainment Alchemy has had a long-standing relationship with art , seen both in alchemical texts and in mainstream entertainment . Literary alchemy appears throughout the history of English literature from Shakespeare to modern Fantasy authors . Here , characters or plot structure follow an alchemical magnum opus . In the fourteenth century , Chaucer began a trend of alchemical satire that can still be seen in recent fantasy works like those of Terry Pratchett . Visual artists had a similar relationship with alchemy . While some of them used alchemy as a source of satire , others worked with the alchemists themselves or integrated alchemical thought or symbols in their work . Music was also present in the works of alchemists and continues to influence popular performers . In the last hundred years , alchemists have been portrayed in a magical and spagyric role in fantasy fiction , film , television , comics and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb440fcc8c7cc8020567f5bcaac085d", "text": "Psychic vampire A psychic vampire is a mythological creature said to feed off the `` life force '' of other living creatures . Psychic vampires are represented in the occult beliefs of various cultures and in fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99262b54c9bb4837885658bfbf5ca44a", "text": "Bloodtide Bloodtide may refer to : Bloodtide ( audio drama ) , a 2001 audio drama based on the British TV series Doctor Who Bloodtide ( comics ) , a Marvel Comics supervillain Bloodtide ( novel ) , a 1999 novel by Melvin Burgess Blood Tide , a 1982 British film directed by Richard Jefferies", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71c3fab491d816f99ff96fa22fc80606", "text": "Heroic fantasy Heroic fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy which chronicles the tales of heroes in fantasy settings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01e2116bc23a03c0df9e963c760b76da", "text": "The Dark Half The Dark Half is a horror novel by Stephen King , published in 1989 . Publishers Weekly listed The Dark Half as the second best-selling book of 1989 behind Tom Clancy 's Clear and Present Danger . The novel was adapted into a feature film of the same name in 1993 . Stephen King wrote several books under a pseudonym , Richard Bachman , during the 1970s and 1980s . Most of the Bachman novels were darker and more cynical in nature , featuring a far more visceral sense of horror than the psychological , gothic style common to many of King 's most famous works . When King was identified as Bachman , he wrote The Dark Half -- about an author with a sinister parasitic twin -- in response to his outing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56242e0093da790a99979f4a78fc2eff", "text": "Bloodletting Press Bloodletting Press was launched in 2002 by Larry Roberts to publish works in the horror genre specifically for the collector 's market , producing low print run limited editions intended for collectors and unique heirloom Lettered Editions for the high-end collectors . They were originally located in Modesto , California , but have since relocated to Welches , Oregon . Several of the Lettered Editions have been signed in blood and housed in metal traycases , in one example designed as a trailer complete with working interior lights . The main focus , however , of the press is the Novella Series , Novelette Series , and Chapbook Series . In recent years they have added the Steve Gerlach library , a project to publish his complete works which have been previously only available in his native Australia . Another project is the Jonathan Crowley Library which collects and keeps in print the genre work of James A. Moore . Bloodletting Press is also one of a few small presses that risks putting out new genre authors whose titles having been successful within this context go on to wider mass market publishers , such as Rage , Succulent Prey and The Rutting Season . In 2009 , the Horror Writers Association awarded to Bloodletting Press its Specialty Press Award for their `` outstanding design and production techniques '' in publishing the `` modern masters of the horror field '' . For a time , Bloodletting Press also distributed other small press titles via their website , and in January 2008 with Delirium Books , combined their distribution arms of their individual presses into the Horror Mall . Each press had previously published and distributed their own titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a87128e850a40665beacf84dd6ad3c1", "text": "Grimm (role-playing game) Grimm is a role-playing game , released by Fantasy Flight Games . The current version is a standalone game using the Linear D6 system . The Linear D6 version is a significant expansion of the original material , including a more fully developed setting , a monster manual and game mechanics , all of which were previously provided by the core D20 System rule books . Linear D6 is unusual in that it deliberately limits randomness having characters perform at their ability level 2/3 of the time . The mechanic represents teamwork by a dice pool which increases chances of scoring above character ability and reduces the chances of failure . The original version was part of Fantasy Flight Games Horizon open-ended miniature Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings , making of use the D20 System under the Open Game Licence . The setting can be used as a supplement to D&D that introduces a new setting based on a `` twisted '' version of the fairytales of the Brothers Grimm . The correlation between the realm of Grimm and the original fairytales is in many ways comparable to the correlation of White Wolf 's World of Darkness to the our world . The game provides new core classes which enable players to take on role of children lost in this strange and terrifying realm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310186e506601f761fa609448a8613ef", "text": "Deliria Deliria : Faerie Tales for a New Millennium is an `` interactive urban fantasy setting '' created by Phil Brucato . The title refers to an altered state of awareness in which several levels of reality can be perceived at once , to both good and ill effect . The core concept behind Deliria is one of `` ordinary people in an extraordinary world . '' Inspired by classical fairy tales and urban fantasy , the setting presents a multicultural world in which magic is always present but often invisible . To `` twilight people '' who encounter the magical realm , the world becomes a frightening yet wonderful place . Meanwhile , the immortal faeries , or aelderfolk , regard mortal humanity with a mixture of awe and terror . The accelerating pace of human imagination reverberates through both worlds , bringing changes that many aelders fear . Within the tensions of this setting , ordinary people become heroes - or villains - in their own new fairy tales . Inspired by authors like Charles de Lint , Erik Davis and Francesca Lia Block , films like Edward ScissorHands and Practical Magic , world music and ethereal wave music , and TV shows like Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Deliria 's setting emphasizes `` normal people '' over superheroes . As a role-playing game , it features a flexible rules system , collaborative storytelling , and a character-crafting process based on telling stories about the character . Deliria has also been noted for its vivid digital art , evocative short stories , and emphasis of `` courage rather than carnage . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "512f5938fd23229dd841fc6e6ac51a5f", "text": "Ballet Shoes (film) Ballet Shoes is a 2007 British television film , adapted by Heidi Thomas from Noel Streatfeild 's 1936 novel Ballet Shoes . It was produced by Granada Productions ( formerly Granada Television ) and premiered on BBC One on 26 December 2007 . It is directed by Sandra Goldbacher . A previous adaptation of Ballet Shoes was produced in serial format by the BBC in 1975 and directed by Timothy Combe . `` Ballet Shoes '' co-stars former Harry Potter stars Emma Watson as Pauline Fossil , Gemma Jones as Dr. Jakes , and the late Richard Griffiths as Gum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffb930b039d8125d76361bfb3d521349", "text": "BBC One BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of sister channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012 -- 13 is # 1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and therefore shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . the channel controller for BBC One is Charlotte Moore , who succeeded Danny Cohen initially as an Acting Controller from May 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2982d0eee0e206f8a2743c3e737a0f74", "text": "An Englishman Abroad An Englishman Abroad is a 1983 BBC television drama film , based on the true story of a chance meeting of actress Coral Browne , with Guy Burgess ( Alan Bates ) , a member of the Cambridge spy ring who spied for the Soviet Union while an officer at MI6 . The production was written by Alan Bennett and directed by John Schlesinger ; Browne stars as herself . The film is set is Moscow in 1958 , after Burgess had defected to the Soviet Union in 1951 with Donald Maclean when it became apparent that Maclean was about to be investigated by British intelligence . Burgess barges into Browne 's dressing room in the interval of a touring Shakespeare Memorial Theatre ( which became one of the bases of the Royal Shakespeare Company ) production of Hamlet , in which she portrayed Gertrude , and charms her . Later on she is invited to his Moscow flat , finding it with some difficulty , to measure him for a suit that he would like ordered from his London tailor . Several plot changes were made from the true story told by Browne to Bennett . Burgess in fact threw up in the dressing room of Michael Redgrave , who asked for Browne 's help . Redgrave documented the incident in his biography . The play also contained scenes in Moscow 's British Embassy and in London shops where Browne encountered resistance to helping Burgess , none of which happened in reality . Rather than film in the Soviet Union , Schlesinger used several locations in Scotland . The Caird Hall and Whitehall Theatre in Dundee stood in for the Moscow theatre , and the grand marble staircase of Glasgow City Chambers played the part of the British Embassy . Additional filming was done at Glasgow 's St. Andrew 's Suspension Bridge ( `` luckily , in a snowstorm '' Bennett later wrote ) and the Moss Heights flats in Cardonald , which represented Burgess ' Moscow apartment . Both Browne and Bates were winners of the BAFTA awards for acting for their roles in this production . Bennett gives the date of Browne 's meeting with Burgess as 1958 in the introduction to his Single Spies , which contains the text of An Englishman Abroad in the stage play version and the text of A Question of Attribution about Anthony Blunt . The play was also adapted for radio on the BBC World Service in 1994 starring Michael Gambon as Burgess and Penelope Wilton as Coral Browne . It was subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra , most recently in 2013 as part of BBC Radio 4 Extra 's Cambridge Spies season . On the BFI TV 100 , a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute ( BFI ) , chosen by a poll of industry professionals , to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened , An Englishman Abroad was listed at no. 30 on the list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "952891228db59a91ed6fa6f9859472d5", "text": "London Children's Ballet The London Children 's Ballet ( LCB ) is a registered charitable trust created in 1994 . LCB was formed to give children the experience of performing as part of a company , in a professionally produced , full length ballet at a professional theatre . LCB provides opportunities to dance for children from many diverse backgrounds and the experience is free . Performances are staged annually at the Peacock Theatre , in the West End , London 's famous theatre district . These performances include the staging of original productions , which have sold out every year since the company was established . The company is also involved in a number of smaller projects . The '' # 1 outreach matinees '' enable the public to see a ballet at an affordable price and LCB2 is a touring company which visits venues where people are unable to attend the theatre , including hospitals , community centres , hospices and schools . These tours are produced around the year so as to provide opportunities for children all-year-round . To dance in a LCB production , children must first attend an audition , designed to assess their suitability to take part . Successful candidates then meet for weekly rehearsals on a Sunday in the lead up to the performance , ensuring there is no disruption to their academic education . LCB organises an annual summer school , lasting a week and catering for one hundred children . The summer school consists of a range of workshops , where the children take classes in ballet and other dance forms such as jazz , and also study choreography . Older children also take part in a one-day tour , taking their summer school production to elderly homes around London . The LCB also provides a venue for recently graduated composers , choreographers and designers from the Wimbledon College of Art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2287c65a4138e9a6764066c4edcbdb", "text": "Life in the Snow Life in the Snow is a 2016 British television show created by the BBC Natural History Unit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e1f1add3c01b488965f8ddc4ca20a0a", "text": "Pointe shoe A pointe shoe is a type of shoe worn by ballet dancers when performing pointe work . Pointe shoes were conceived in response to the desire for dancers to appear weightless and sylph-like and have evolved to enable dancers to dance en pointe ( on the tips of their toes ) for extended periods of time . They are manufactured in a variety of colors , most commonly in shades of light pink .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fb99f03e6708d8864240db658d72860", "text": "So You Think You Can Dance (UK TV series) So You Think You Can Dance was a televised dance competition and reality show that launched in the United Kingdom in January 2010 with a format based on an American show by the same name . The show was broadcast on BBC One . The presentation of the show is similar to that of the Pop Idol series of singing competitions . The show focuses not only on the dancers ' talent , but also showcases new works by notable choreographers , crafted specifically for the dancers and the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e89d75728eddee2bb88a971fb4c4e568", "text": "Little Britain Productions Little Britain Productions is a television production company founded in 2006 . Little Britain Productions mainly produces comedies and documentaries about comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e23e15a44fced482f54a0d2eb374a1a", "text": "Central School of Ballet Central School of Ballet is a classical ballet school based in London , with students from countries all over the world . The school was established in 1982 by Ann Stannard and Christopher Gable . It established a touring company , Ballet Central , in 1984 . From 2004 Central started to offer degree courses accredited by the University of Kent . Central School of Ballet is an affiliate of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "894e978a2d52da50fff1e739965873e2", "text": "Shine TV (UK) Shine TV ( formerly Shine Limited ) is a British media production company and part of the Shine Group with offices in London and Manchester . Shine Limited was founded in March 2001 by Elisabeth Murdoch , daughter of News Corporation CEO Rupert Murdoch . The company was 80 % owned by Elisabeth Murdoch , 15 % by Lord Alli , and 5 % by BSkyB , which signed a deal guaranteeing to buy an agreed amount of Shine programming for two years . Shine TV is also a supplier of franchise television to broadcasters around the globe including the BBC , Channel Five , Channel 4 , HBO , and the RTL Group . In 2006 Shine acquired Kudos Film and Television , Princess Productions and Dragonfly Film and Television Productions to create the Shine Group , although they still operate as four separate entities . In October 2014 , 21st Century Fox and Apollo Global Management announced the planned merger of Shine Group with Endemol and Core Media Group . This was finalised in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c239fd082f0b4a79c3d07f14965aa57c", "text": "Ross MacGibbon Ross MacGibbon ( born 29 January 1955 ) is a British former ballet dancer , and now a film maker , especially for ballet and opera . Ross MacGibbon danced with the Royal Ballet from 1973-86 . MacGibbon 's won the 1988 International Emmy Award for his film of Kenneth MacMillan 's final ballet , The Judas Tree .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5be4830be2dd24b174f147cb7d978329", "text": "David Hill (arts director) David Hill is a theatre and arts director and producer , founder of the leading UK cultural events and arts agency ArtReach which initiates , develops and produces extraordinary creative arts projects and programmes . Hill has created and produced the innovative Night of Festivals project , produced the world 's largest interactive video artwork ( Under Scan by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer ) in Trafalgar Square , London and in public spaces across the UK East Midlands and created/delivered a range of high-profile new arts events such Three Cities Create and Connect , The Lyric Lounge and Dance in the Park . He has also delivered projects in Barcelona , India and the West Indies . Born in Birmingham , and following a degree in Drama and English at Hull University , Hill started his career as a theatre practitioner with renowned theatre companies such as Welfare State International , IOU Theatre and the Pip Simmons Theatre Group . Appointed as the first Marketing Director at the 2,000 seat Birmingham Hippodrome , he established the marketing and publicity department for the venue during two major capital refurbishments of the Hippodrome in the 1980s . During this period the theatre was established as a premier touring venue and as a home to Welsh National Opera and Sadler 's Wells Royal Ballet ( now Birmingham Royal Ballet ) . Returning to a role as theatre director , writer and actor , Hill established the pioneering Theatre Station Blyth in Northumberland , leading a team of theatre professionals in developing original community theatre with 100 unemployed adults , winning a National Training Award , and being shortlisted with the RSC and Jiving Lindy Hoppers for the prestigious , national Sainsbury Arts in Education Awards . During this time Hill created and directed shows , including The Tale of the Corn Woman , The TV Addict , Stitch-Up , Seven and War Bonds . In 1995 Theatre Station was reinvented and re-launched by Fran Castle and Alison Walton-Robson as the award-winning Headway Theatre . As an associate director at the Everyman Theatre in Cheltenham in the early 1990s , Hill had particular responsibility for new theatre writing , working with playwrights such as Jude Alderson , Barrie Keeffe , Peter McGarry and David Calcutt . Shows directed included All Change , A Caucasian Chalk Circle , The Way of the World , The Mystery Plays , Belonging , Family Affairs , Romeo and Juliet , A Midsummer Night 's Dream , Julius Caesar and The Terrible Fate of Humpty Dumpty , with co-directing work on Macbeth and Jane Eyre . In 1994 , following the playwright 's death , he produced and directed The Official Tribute to Dennis Potter persuading Michael Grade ( Channel 4 TV ) and Alan Yentob ( BBC 1 ) to jointly support and participate in the project . For this high-profile event Hill directed contributions from , amongst others , Alan Bates , Gemma Craven , Imelda Staunton , George Baker , Frank Finlay , Douglas Henshall , Kika Markham and Corin Redgrave , and also engaged and produced participation from writers and broadcasters Lynda La Plante , Alan Plater , Sheena MacDonald , Piers Haggard , Kennith Trodd and Melvyn Bragg . As director of the Arts Management Centre ( a business unit of The Management Centre ) in 1994/5 , Hill implemented and delivered national arts training programmes and designed and delivered the first national conference on the arts lottery . From 1996 he project directed all aspects of the design and building of Maidenhead 's # 10 million new arts centre , Norden Farm Centre for the Arts . He opened the Centre by producing two special galas with contributors including Michael Parkinson , Lesley Garrett , Timothy West , Prunella Scales , Jimmy Tarbuck , Laurie Holloway , Marion Montgomery , Ronnie Corbett and Rolf Harris . Over fifteen years since 1996 , Hill has developed ArtReach working with partners such as Arts Council England , Museums Libraries and Archives Council ( MLA ) , Renaissance , Sport England , the Crafts Council , many Local Authorities , Regional Development Agencies , arts organisations and venues ( international , national , regional and local ) and individual artists . In 2005/6 ArtReach commissioned international artist Rafael Lozano-Hemmer to create Under Scan , which subsequently was taken to Venice Biennale in 2007 and produced by Hill in Trafalgar Square in 2008 . Hill co-wrote the book Under Scan with Lozano-Hemmer , published in 2006 . Hill has been an adviser to West Midlands Arts , Northern Arts and South West Arts in the UK and is a Trustee ( Vice Chair ) of Curve ( theatre ) ( major new performing arts centre in Leicester , UK ) . He has previously been a board member/adviser for Triangle Arts Centre , Playtrain , Midlands Arts Centre and Worcester Swan Theatre . He has been an assessor for the UK Regional Arts Lottery Programme and has been an assessor to Arts Council England for both Capital and Arts for Everyone programmes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a11d420c6b1015a77efdda89baa54e11", "text": "Positions of the feet in ballet The positions of the feet in ballet is a fundamental part of classical ballet technique that defines standard placements of feet on the floor . There are five basic positions in modern-day classical ballet , known as the first through fifth positions . In 1725 , dancing master Pierre Rameau credited the codification of these five positions to choreographer Pierre Beauchamp . Two additional positions , known as the sixth and seventh positions , were codified by Serge Lifar in the 1930s while serving as Ballet Master at the Paris Opéra Ballet , though their use is limited to Lifar 's choreographies . The sixth and seventh positions were not Lifar 's inventions , but revivals of positions that already existed in the eighteenth century , when there were ten positions of the feet in classical ballet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a0cef3c12503f0c207fc6d2e4b8687", "text": "BBC Entertainment BBC Entertainment is an international television channel broadcasting comedy , drama , light entertainment , reality and children 's programming ( some regions only ) from the BBC , Channel 4 and other UK production houses . The channel broadcasts regional versions to suit local demands and replaces BBC Prime . It is wholly owned by BBC Worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6b5202194403a60e0af783caa130d6", "text": "BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 . The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence . As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb155e7c7fca45c93595ed997188530c", "text": "The Catherine Tate Show The Catherine Tate Show is a British television sketch comedy written by Catherine Tate and Aschlin Ditta . Tate also stars in all but one of the show 's sketches , which feature a wide range of characters . The Catherine Tate Show airs on BBC Two and is shown worldwide through the BBC . Collectively , the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award , and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards , two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07f467a9d400ad3d046b3bbf60f4b63b", "text": "Daily Politics Daily Politics '' is a British television show launched by the BBC in 2003 and presented by Andrew Neil and Jo Coburn . The programme takes an in-depth look at the daily goings-on in Westminster and other areas across Britain and the world , and includes interviews with leading politicians and political commentators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93405086707602e3bd2c482669718598", "text": "Sports Tonight Live Sports Tonight Live , branded simply as Sports Tonight , is a British television show and channel , owned by VISION247 based in Central London . It was launched online on 29 August 2011 . On 15 October 2011 , Sports Tonight Live began to broadcast on Freeview , where it is listed as Sports . The channel requires an internet connected Freeview HD set-top box or television , although the service may not be compatible with early Freeview HD equipment . Sports Tonight Live was the first English language channel to use VisionIPTV 's studio production and internet broadcast playout services . It was also the first over-the-top delivered channel on the Freeview platform . Sports Tonight Live has also previously broadcast free-to-air on BEN Television and free-to-view on Primetime . Every show is broadcast live for four hours every week night and during the afternoon at the weekend . At other times , the latest programme is shown on a loop and branded as Sports Tonight Replay . From 17 August 2012 , Sports Tonight Live began to air live Polish football from the Ekstraklasa three times a week . In October 2014 , Vision247 moved Sportstonightlive to FreeviewHD244 & currently broadcasts live five nights a week . BetRacingNation part of SportstonightLive also broadcasts live on SKY 212 every Saturday morning from 10am .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c8f02b1566ab7da3ddd894fd3077120", "text": "Go With Noakes Go With Noakes was a BBC Television children 's programme , broadcast between 28 March 1976 and 21 December 1980 . A documentary series , it was presented by John Noakes initially alongside , then following his departure from , Blue Peter in 1978 . Broadly similar to the reports he made for that programme , each episode had an adventure-based outdoor theme in keeping with Noakes 's reputation on Blue Peter as a man of action . Noakes was accompanied on most installments by Shep the dog , who had left Blue Peter at the same time . One episode featured the Blue Peter pony for the disabled ` Rags ' . Travelling around the country , they got involved in diverse activities like motor racing , rowing , aerobatics and painting . In each series Noakes was featured travelling around Britain in a particular mode , e.g. sailing , narrow boat , walking , open top car , etc. . The series was produced by BBC Manchester and began on 28 March 1976 , running for six series and 31 episodes . The last edition was transmitted on 21 December 1980 . Being made on film allowed great flexibility with the shooting and editing of each week 's subject matter . An example of the first series run was where Noakes met the RAF 's Red Arrows aerial display team ( first broadcast 11 April 1976 ) . This edition is available to view on the BBC iPlayer on the BBC 's website and shows Noakes sitting in on the teams ' debriefing , taking part in a simulated flying lesson as well as being a passenger in a practice display before helping the ground crew prepare the team for a big show . In the programme , Noakes references his former occupation where he trained as an aircraft engine fitter for the RAF and BOAC before deciding to become an actor . The theme-tune for the series was ` On Ilkla Moor Baht ` at ' ( ` On Ilkley Moor , without a hat ' ) , a popular Yorkshire folk song sung to the tune of the hymn ` Cranbrook ' . It was a reference to Noakes 's own Yorkshire heritage . The end theme though was a different tune . A series of repeats was later broadcast under the title Look Back With Noakes . A similar series entitled Duncan Dares hosted by one of Noakes 's successors on Blue Peter , Peter Duncan , followed in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2a32a2f37f40787ee067c20f9cc70eb", "text": "BBC World Service Television BBC World Service Television , often abbreviated to WSTV ( World Service Television ) , was the name of two BBC international satellite television channels between 1991 and 1995 . It was the BBC 's first foray into worldwide television broadcasting . In Europe , it was the successor to BBC TV Europe , replacing it on 11 March 1991 . The service was also launched in Asia as a 24-hour news and information service with minor differences , a precursor to BBC World News , launched on 14 October 1991 . Unlike BBC World Service at the time , it was not funded by the British government with a grant-in-aid . Instead , it was funded by commercial advertising , with commercials were inserted locally by the cable or satellite providers . In the years that followed , the BBC would insert news headlines and other updates to fill the gaps , known as the break fillers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7fe19ad2334a267b21b6eb585942c", "text": "Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald . Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour . As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) . Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fe30803ed4ae97df6b6d9465a600f8b4", "text": "Venus Williams Venus Ebony Starr Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 ) is an American professional tennis player who is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women 's tennis and who , along with younger sister Serena Williams , is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour . Ranked World No. 11 in singles as of January 28 , 2017 , Williams has been ranked World No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association on three occasions , for a total of 11 weeks . She first became the World No. 1 on February 25 , 2002 , the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era . On 10 June 2002 , Venus and Serena became the first sisters to hold the No. 1 and No. 2 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . On 7 June 2010 , Venus became co-No . 1 in doubles with Serena after they won their 4th consecutive grand slam doubles title at Roland Garros . By virtue of that doubles ascension , Venus became one of seven women to reach No. 1 in singles and No. 1 in doubles . On 21 June 2010 , Venus and Serena again occupied the No. 2 and No. 1 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . This came almost exactly 8 years after first accomplishing this feat . At the time , Venus had just celebrated her 30th birthday and Serena was three months shy of her 29th birthday , both ages at which many of their peers had retired . Her seven Grand Slam singles titles ties her twelfth on the all-time list , more than any other active female player except sister Serena . She has also won fourteen Grand Slam doubles titles and two mixed doubles titles . Her five Wimbledon singles titles ties her with two other women for eighth place on the all-time list . Williams is one of four women to have won five or more Wimbledon singles titles in the Open Era . From the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2001 US Open , Williams won four of the six Grand Slam singles tournaments held . She is one of only six women in the Open Era to win 200 or more main draw Grand Slam singles matches . At the 2017 French Open , Williams extended her record as the all-time leader , male or female , in Grand Slams played , with 74 . Furthermore , Williams ' run to the 2017 Australian Open Women 's Singles final set the record for longest span between singles slam finals in the open era at 20 years , the beginning of which was marked by her appearance in the singles final at the 1997 US Open . Williams has won four Olympic gold medals , one in singles and three in women 's doubles , along with a silver medal in mixed doubles . She and Serena have won more Olympic gold medals than any other tennis player , male or female . Venus also holds the record for the most Olympic medals won by a male or female tennis player , shared with Kathleen McKane Godfree . She is the only tennis player to have won a medal at four separate Olympic Games . At the 2000 Sydney Olympics , Williams became only the second player to win Olympic gold medals in both singles and doubles at the same Olympic Games , after Helen Wills Moody in 1924 . With 49 singles titles , Williams is behind only Serena among active players on the WTA Tour . Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1 , 2000 . She is also one of only three active WTA players to have made the finals of all four Grand Slams , along with Serena and Russian Maria Sharapova . By winning her 49th career singles title at the 2016 Taiwan Open , Williams became the 5th oldest WTA Tour titlist in the Open Era , at 35 years , 7 months and 28 days . Williams has played against her sister in 27 professional matches since 1998 , and won 11 . They have played against each other in nine Grand Slam singles finals , with Venus holding a 2-7 record . Venus has 8 runner-up finishes in grand slam singles events with Martina Hingis being the only player other than Serena to beat Venus in a major final at the 1997 US Open . Beginning with the 2002 French Open , they opposed each other in four consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , the first time sisters had so met in the Open Era . On the other side , the pair have won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles playing alongside each other and are undefeated in Grand Slam finals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7228f95a1b9b80d795a63cc6119cd2be", "text": "Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández ( born 28 August 1981 ) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open , the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage . Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result . She defeated , in order : ( Q ) Lubomira Bacheva , Jelena Kostanić , Kim Clijsters , ( 13 ) Elena Dementieva , Paola Suárez , before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets . . Fernández is a crafty left-handed player . She turned professional in 1998 , and did not have much success before her appearance at the French Open . She has six ITF titles to her name , including one in 2006 . Since 2003 , Fernández has been plagued with injuries . She has suffered from tendinitis in her left shoulder , an injury to her left wrist , and to her right knee . Fernández enjoys playing on hard and grass courts . She was coached by Leonardo Lerda . Her tennis inspirations are Pete Sampras and Martina Navratilova . In April 2008 , Fernández announced her retirement from professional tennis after a lengthy battle with knee injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61365a37e8ee16cb24b7cff095254273", "text": "2012 BGL Luxembourg Open The 2012 BGL Luxembourg Open was a professional women 's tennis tournament played on hard courts . It was the 22nd edition of the tournament , which was part of the 2012 WTA Tour . It took place in Luxembourg City , Luxembourg between 15 and 21 October 2011 . Venus Williams won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9b53a8a91c35a50baba435c4f4093a", "text": "2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 134th edition of the US Open , the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center . Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men 's event ; however , on 18 August , the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury , while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women 's event . In the men 's singles competition , Marin Čilić won his maiden grand slam title ; while , Serena Williams won her Open era record tying sixth title in the women 's singles competition tying Chris Evert , and it was her eighteenth grand slam title tying Evert and Martina Navratilova . Winning the men 's doubles , Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan became the most victorious doubles team in Open era history at the tournament , and this was the team 's 100th title together and sixteenth grand slam title tying Todd Woodbridge for the Open era record . Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina won women 's doubles competition title , becoming two-time grand slam champions with their victory at the 2013 French Open . The winning mixed doubles team was Sania Mirza and Bruno Soares , and for Mirza it was her third mixed doubles grand slam title in her career and Soares ' second grand slam title for his career . It was Soares ' second US Open title in mixed doubles , and it was the first for Mirza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080bb194691d76dac79b2e79480716cc", "text": "Djokovic–Wawrinka rivalry The Djokovic -- Wawrinka rivalry is between tennis players Novak Djokovic and Stan Wawrinka . In this matchup Djokovic leads 19 -- 5 , however the two have contested many close matches , including four five-setters at Grand Slam level . Wawrinka and Djokovic have played three consecutive Australian Open years , each match going to five sets , and a five-setter in the US Open : in the 2013 Australian Open fourth round , which Djokovic won 12 -- 10 in a fifth set ; at the 2013 US Open semifinals , which Djokovic won 6 -- 4 in a fifth set ; and at the 2014 Australian Open quarterfinals , which Wawrinka won 9 -- 7 in a close fifth set . Wawrinka 's win broke Djokovic 's impressive run of 14 straight semifinals in Grand Slam play , ended a 28-match winning streak , and prevented Djokovic from capturing a record fifth Australian Open crown . Djokovic got revenge in the 2015 Australian Open , winning 6 -- 0 in the fifth set , but again it went the distance . At the 2015 French Open final , Wawrinka defeated Djokovic in four sets to claim his second Grand Slam title . At the 2016 US Open , Wawrinka beat Djokovic in a Grand Slam final for the second time to collect his third Grand Slam title . Djokovic lost 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 1 ) , 4 -- 6 , 5 -- 7 , 3 -- 6 . Despite Djokovic 's 19 -- 5 overall record against Wawrinka , Wawrinka leads Djokovic 2 -- 0 in Grand Slam finals and 3 -- 2 in all ATP finals . Moreover , in Djokovic 's 21 Grand Slam championship matches , Wawrinka is the only opponent he has not defeated at least once , and the only opponent outside the Big Four who has defeated him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dfa02cf008c1c99739d61e140b66577", "text": "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2 , 2009 , marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women 's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000 , when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there . Broadcast internationally on HBO , the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams , 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams , 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Janković , who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova . Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6 -- 3 , and Venus Williams won hers 6 -- 4 against Jelena Janković . The final was won by Serena 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 . Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King . The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton , and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan , race car driver Janet Guthrie , Billie Jean King 's long time double 's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports . A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women 's Sports Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c21513fdebd7b436c97bffe93e40dc", "text": "Laura Robson Laura Robson ( born 21 January 1994 ) is a British tennis player and an Olympic Mixed Doubles silver medalist . She debuted on the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) junior tour in 2007 , and a year later won the Wimbledon Junior Girls ' Championship at the age of 14 . As a junior , she also twice reached the final of the girls ' singles tournament at the Australian Open , in 2009 and 2010 . She won her first professional tournament in November 2008 . Robson was the first British woman since Samantha Smith at Wimbledon in 1998 to reach the fourth round of a Grand Slam tournament , doing so at the 2012 US Open and the 2013 Wimbledon Championships . She won a silver medal in the mixed doubles at the 2012 London Olympics playing with Andy Murray , with whom she also reached the 2010 Hopman Cup final . At the 2012 Guangzhou Women 's Open , Robson became the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1990 to reach a WTA main-tour final , where she lost to Hsieh Su-wei . Robson was named WTA Newcomer of the Year for 2012 and reached a career high singles ranking of world number 27 on 8 July 2013 . Since then , Robson has suffered from various injuries which have caused a prolonged absence from the WTA tour . After losing in the first round of the 2013 HP Open on 7 October 2013 , she has played just 33 matches : two in 2014 , 11 in 2015 and 20 in 2016 , winning just eight of them . She dropped out of the world rankings in early 2015 , returning at 906 in July 2015 , and is currently ranked at 173 . She has a career-high doubles ranking of number 82 and is currently ranked 344 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8215daad99c8b48a9b412d6f5e1fd4a7", "text": "2013 Australian Open The 2013 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne , Australia , from 14 to 27 January 2013 . It was the 101st edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam event of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . All four of the main events in singles and same-sex doubles were won by the top seeds -- Novak Djokovic in men 's singles , Victoria Azarenka in women 's singles , Bob and Mike Bryan in men 's doubles , and Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in women 's doubles . This year 's Australian Open was the first Grand Slam event since that tournament 's 2004 edition in which the women 's singles and doubles were won by the top seeds , and the first Grand Slam event since the 1997 Wimbledon Championships in which the men 's and women 's singles and doubles were all won by the top seeds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6495f6f4cae128adc35060114155397", "text": "2001 WTA Tour Championships The 2001 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Sanex Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympiahalle in Munich , Germany . It was the 31st edition of the year-end singles championships , the 26th edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 2001 WTA Tour . The tournament was held between 30 October and 4 November 2001 . Seventh-seeded Serena Williams won the singles event after Lindsay Davenport defaulted the final due to a knee injury she sustained in her semifinal match . Davenport 's semifinal win ensured her the No. 1 year-end ranking . Williams earned $ 500,000 first-prize money as well as 390 ranking points . Venus Williams and Martina Hingis had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to injuries while Monica Seles refused to play in Germany , the country where she was stabbed in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec1040e31c2b9978a30634f0e3fe2577", "text": "Patricia Ward Hales Patricia Ward Hales ( née Ward ; 27 February 1929 -- 22 June 1985 ) was a tennis player from the United Kingdom who reached the singles final of the 1955 U.S. Championships , losing to Doris Hart . Wales partnered Shirley Bloomer to reach the women 's doubles finals at the 1955 Wimbledon Championships , where they lost to the team of Angela Mortimer and Anne Shilcock in two sets and at the French Championships , where they lost to the team of Darlene Hard and Beverly Baker Fleitz in three sets . She again reached the women 's doubles final at the French Championships , where she and Ann Haydon-Jones lost to the team of Hard and Maria Bueno in straight sets . With George Worthington , she reached the semifinal of the mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 1953 . She won the singles title at the Italian Open in 1955 , beating Erika Vollmer ; she also won the doubles with Christiane Mercelis . Ward had been runner-up to Maureen Connolly in 1954 . Also in 1955 she won Monte Carlo , beating Shirley Bloomer . She reached the semifinal at Wimbledon in 1956 , beating Angela Mortimer in straight sets before losing to Angela Buxton . She reached the final of the British Hard Court Championships in 1957 , scoring victories over Darlene Hard and Ann Haydon on the way , before losing in three sets to Shirley Bloomer . At Wimbledon in 1958 she defeated the seeded Karol Fageros before losing to Ann Haydon in three sets in the round of the last 16 . According to Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail , Hales was ranked in the world top ten in 1955 and 1956 , reaching a career high of World No. 8 in 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "269ed0e67ca44a45e7d4d0cc52861e4c", "text": "2011 French Open – Women's Singles Francesca Schiavone was the defending champion , but lost in the final to Li Na , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 0 ) , making Li the first Asian and Chinese Grand Slam singles champion . This was the first grand slams since the 2003 US Open where Venus Williams or Serena Williams did not participated", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfb67860924ead9ea6eac0b744fb04f4", "text": "Advanta Championships of Philadelphia The Advanta Championships of Philadelphia ( also long known as the Virginia Slims of Philadelphia ) was a WTA Tour professional tennis tournament for women played from 1971 through 2005 in Philadelphia , United States . The tournament was classified on the WTA Tour as a Tier I event from 1993 through 1995 . It was classified as a Tier II event in 1991 , 1992 , and from 1996 through 2005 . The tournament was played indoors , on carpet from 1991 through 2000 and on hard courts from 1971 through 1979 and from 2003 through 2005 . Past singles champions include Conchita Martínez , Margaret Court , Chris Evert , Monica Seles , Steffi Graf , Martina Hingis , Lindsay Davenport , and Amélie Mauresmo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f35898db74a6fed138cf74584981c25", "text": "Sabine Lisicki Sabine Katharina Lisicki ( -LSB- zaˈbɪnə lɪˈzɪki -RSB- ; born 22 September 1989 ) is a German professional tennis player . She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title , the Family Circle Cup , against Caroline Wozniacki . In March 2010 , she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200 . Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals , where she lost to Maria Sharapova . In doing so she became only the second woman in Wimbledon history to make it to the semifinals while entering the tournament as a wildcard . She followed that two months later by winning her third WTA tournament , the Texas Open . In 2012 , she achieved her highest career world ranking , 12th , and again reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon . Again , in 2012 she suffered from another ankle injury that prevented her from having better results on tour . Lisicki reached the final of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , losing to Marion Bartoli . The following year , she reached another quarterfinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and won her first title in three years when she won the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open . In doubles , Lisicki won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in 2011 with Samantha Stosur and in 2013 with Mona Barthel and the 2014 Sony Open with coach Martina Hingis . She also reached the doubles final at Wimbledon in 2011 with Stosur and came fourth in the mixed doubles event at the 2012 London Olympics with Christopher Kas . Lisicki currently holds the world record for the fastest serve by a female tennis player . She clocked a 131.0 mph serve during her first-round encounter against Ana Ivanovic at the 2014 Bank of the West Classic . She also held the record for the most aces in a singles match , hitting 27 aces during her second-round encounter against Belinda Bencic at the 2015 Aegon Classic , until it was surpassed by Kristýna Plíšková at the 2016 Australian Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60b3c151c1eff13b97489b6dfaff8f29", "text": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the two-time defending champion but lost to her sister Serena in the final 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 3 ) , 6 -- 2 . Serena had come from match point down in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e08b945c5030c8ff4e1d13b2d6fb2893", "text": "Henin–S. Williams rivalry Tennis players Justine Henin from Belgium , former world No. 1 , and Serena Williams from the USA , current World No. 1 , who met 14 times during their careers . When Henin was an active player , their rivalry was one of the most heated and competitive between two female players on the WTA Tour ; their contests were not solely athletic in nature , but interpersonal as well . As of June 30 , 2013 , Williams leads the overall head-to-head series , 8 -- 6 . Henin retired for the second time in January 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d85edb68d38bab74084c9af672e2c63", "text": "2013 Western & Southern Open – Women's Singles Li Na was the defending champion , but lost to Serena Williams in the semifinals . Victoria Azarenka defeated Williams in the final 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 6 ( 8 -- 6 ) to claim the title . Marion Bartoli played the last match of her professional career and retired after losing to Simona Halep in the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d9438a35946734638eb62f67c02ae47", "text": "2016 Australian Open – Main Draw Wildcard Entries The 2016 Australian Open Wildcard Playoffs and Entries was a group of events and internal selections to choose the eight men and eight women singles wildcard entries for the 2016 Australian Open , as well as seven male and seven female doubles teams plus eight mixed doubles teams . One wildcard each was given to the winners of the Australian Open Wildcard Playoff , a tournament between Australian players who did not receive direct entry into the draw . This took place from 14 to 20 December 2015 . In an agreement with the United States Tennis Association and the French Tennis Federation , Tennis Australia gives one man and one woman from the United States and France each a wildcard into the Australian Open . The French players were chosen by internal selection , while USTA awarded the entry to the player with the most points over three pre-selected events in USA over October and November 2015 . Since the Australian Open is promoted as the `` Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific '' , one male and one female player from this geographical area were awarded a wildcard . This was decided through the Asia-Pacific Australian Open Wildcard Playoff . At the same event , one male and one female doubles team won wildcards , and one wildcard each was contested in boys and girls singles . This took pace from 2 to 6 December 2015 . Remaining wildcards were awarded by internal Australian selection . For the first time , a new initiative was put in place for rewarding women 's wildcards . A wildcard race was put in place by Tennis Australia to offer the highest Australian points earner from the 2015 Canberra Tennis International and 2015 Bendigo Women 's International a main draw wildcard . The singles wildcard was won by Tammi Patterson and the doubles wildcard was won by Jessica Moore and Storm Sanders . Also for the first time , the winner of the girls ' 18 and under national championships was rewarded a main draw wildcard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b8911fc5a12abc02d008fe491b3e68fb", "text": "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 British musical adventure fantasy film directed by Ken Hughes and written by Roald Dahl and Hughes , loosely based on Ian Fleming 's 1964 novel Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang : The Magical Car . The film stars Dick Van Dyke , Sally Ann Howes , Lionel Jeffries , James Robertson Justice , and Robert Helpmann as the main antagonist , the evil Childcatcher . The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli ( co-producer of the James Bond series of films , also based on Fleming 's novels ) . John Stears supervised the special effects . Irwin Kostal supervised and conducted the music , while the musical numbers , written by Richard M. and Robert B. Sherman of Mary Poppins , were staged by Marc Breaux and Dee Dee Wood . The song `` Chitty Chitty Bang Bang '' was nominated for an Academy Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9487bfb9d69dcc87765744701f51cd08", "text": "Australian English vocabulary Australian English is a major variety of the English language spoken throughout Australia . Most of the vocabulary of Australian English is shared with British English , though there are notable differences . The vocabulary of Australia is drawn from many sources , including various dialects of British English as well as Gaelic languages , some Indigenous Australian languages , and Polynesian languages . One of the first dictionaries of Australian slang was Karl Lentzner 's Dictionary of the Slang-English of Australia and of Some Mixed Languages in 1892 . The first dictionary based on historical principles that covered Australian English was E. E. Morris 's Austral English : A Dictionary of Australasian Words , Phrases and Usages ( 1898 ) . In 1981 , the more comprehensive Macquarie Dictionary of Australian English was published . Oxford University Press published their own Australian Oxford Dictionary in 1999 , as a joint effort with the Australian National University . Oxford University Press also published The Australian National Dictionary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2288fec4a7a25a8603140889061a1c2", "text": "The Phish Companion The Phish Companion is an encyclopedia about the band Phish . Three editions have been published : A first in 2000 by Miller Freeman , a second in 2004 ( around the time of Phish 's `` breakup '' ) by Backbeat Books , and a third edition ( self-published ) in 2016 . The Companion is produced by fans of the band , on a volunteer-basis and for charity , under the auspices of the nonprofit Mockingbird Foundation . Content has , in one edition or another , included song histories , setlists , reviews , statistics , essays , poetry , guest and sideshow info , an index of lyrics , interviews , and more . Proceeds - of which $ 997K has already been disbursed through 285 grants - benefit music education for children . Created completely by fans , it is the authoritative guide to Phish . The third edition of The Phish Companion : A Guide to the Band & Their Music is more than an essential reference guide . It 's a hard-bound , 898-page , full-color feast for the senses . Completists will get lost in thousands of freshly-manicured setlists , song histories , and charts . Prose junkies will binge on hundreds of evocative show reviews and fan stories . Photophiles will gape at 128 pages of dazzling Phish photography -- most of which has never been published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dbbc69a9c0d1e49ecae62939f9fced3", "text": "Carmen Sandiego Word Detective Carmen Sandiego Word Detective is a game in the Carmen Sandiego franchise which was released in 1997 . This game is intended to teach language arts for kids age 8-14 . LearningVillage describes Word Detective as a `` spy adventure '' . The title is very similar in format to Carmen Sandiego Math Detective , which was released a year later . In the game Carmen Sandiego has invented a machine called the Babble-On Machine , and the user , playing the role of Agent 13 , has to thwart her plans and free all the other agents which have been captured by Carmen . The game comes with many bonus features , including `` 3 levels of difficulty , an electronic dictionary , 10,000 spelling words , customizable spelling lists , 50 spelling rules and an on-screen progress reports . '' The School Edition of the game came with a three-ring binder to holds the software , a User 's Guide , a custom-developed Teacher 's Guide , and a resource book Spelling Puzzles , from the Usborne English Skills series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b178c4733c24f6e64769fe3ef6560f3", "text": "The Mighty Boosh (TV series) The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy television show created by Julian Barratt , Noel Fielding and others ( collectively known as The Mighty Boosh ) . The Mighty Boosh is a surreal comic fantasy , often featuring elaborate musical numbers in different genres , such as electro , heavy metal , funk , and rap . The show has been known for popularising a style called `` crimping '' ; short a cappella songs which are present throughout all three series . Julian Barratt wrote the music within the show , and performs it with Noel Fielding . Fielding also designed many of the show 's graphics and artwork . The show takes place in a surreal universe following Howard Moon ( Barratt ) and Vince Noir ( Fielding ) , two eccentric , failing musicians , as well as Naboo , a mystic alien shaman , and Bollo , a gorilla and Naboo 's familiar . They frequently have adventures while they pursue fame . The TV series has many animated sequences , puppets and special effects . Barratt has said that he approached Fielding with the idea of doing a show like The Goodies , as if it were a complete `` world '' rather than simply a sketch show . Barratt and Fielding play many of the recurring and one-off characters themselves , with other characters being played by other Boosh members Rich Fulcher , Dave Brown , and Michael Fielding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "180cf95a2ece17d4e5f72730f0ff49a7", "text": "Sasquatched! The Musical Sasquatched ! The Musical is a two-act musical written by Phil Darg in 2012 . The piece is a musical comedy that depicts `` Bigfoot '' ( Arthur the Sasquatch ) as a talking , intelligent , and dignified creature whose sudden presence in the fictional Columbia National Park precipitates a series of humorous encounters with quirky locals . Set to a pop-rock musical score , Arthur does his best to convince the park patrons that he is worthy of their respect and friendship -- while countering `` Bigfoot '' stereotypes and eluding the watchful eye of the media , who are attempting to expose and exploit Arthur and all of the Sasquatches . Sasquatched ! The Musical was selected as a finalist in the 2013 New York Musical Theatre Festival 's Next Link project on January 11 , 2013 . On March 1 , 2013 , it was chosen for a full production in the festival . Performance dates ( and venue ) have yet to be set , however the play will be performed at least five times between July 8 , 2013 and July 28 , 2013 . Sasquatched ! The Musical blurb : Bigfoot exists ! Arthur -- a kindhearted , talking Sasquatch -- is lost when he is befriended by a young boy , Sam . Together , they encounter quirky locals and elude a ruthless TV crew investigating `` Bigfoot '' -- as the stage erupts into hilarious social commentary on human-Sasquatch relations and a rockin ' musical romp through the woods . Musical numbers : Is That What They Think of Me ? Eight Feet Tall ( and Smelled Like a Skunk ) Welcome to Bigfoot Central Helicopter Parents Are We Shake the Camera Starts With You Rhubarb ! Lost in the Woods I 'm An Eco-Friendly ... Park Ranger You Do n't Know Me Landslides , Earthquakes , Tremors and Volcanoes Exposure Reinforce the Legend Welcome to Bigfoot Central ( Reprise ) The show is also the origin of the term `` Sasquatch-American '' and the phrase `` Everything useful starts with you . '' Sasquatched ! The Musical ran for the second time in Minneapolis in June -- July 2014 in a production managed and produced by Imagined Theatre ( a non-profit organization dedicated to the creation and development of new musical theatre works ) . The run included three separate venues and sets of dates , including outdoor performances at the Maple Grove Town Green Amphitheater -- one of which was seen by an audience of 500 persons . The show was also performed at the Sabes Theater and the Old Arizona Theatre - both in Minneapolis . In October 2014 , Sasquatched ! The Musical was made available for public licensing and production under the StageRights organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2178a9472189e3ccae97d62607be9b42", "text": "Anything Goes Anything Goes is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter . The original book was a collaborative effort by Guy Bolton and P.G. Wodehouse , heavily revised by the team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The story concerns madcap antics aboard an ocean liner bound from New York to London . Billy Crocker is a stowaway in love with heiress Hope Harcourt , who is engaged to Lord Evelyn Oakleigh . Nightclub singer Reno Sweeney and Public Enemy # 13 Moonface Martin aid Billy in his quest to win Hope . The musical introduced such songs as `` Anything Goes '' , `` You 're the Top '' , and `` I Get a Kick Out of You . '' Since its 1934 debut at the Alvin Theatre ( now known as the Neil Simon Theatre ) on Broadway , the musical has been revived several times in the United States and Britain and has been filmed twice . The musical has long been a popular choice for school and community productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e289ae8fb264910a45a352c9be7dc64", "text": "High School Musical 2: Non-Stop Dance Party High School Musical 2 : Non-Stop Dance Party is a remixed album of the soundtrack , High School Musical 2 . It was released first in the UK and Southeast Asia on December 24 , 2007 . The entire album was available to listen to on Disney X D UK from December 21 to December 23 , a day before the album was released . All of the tracks were remixed by Jason Nevins . Music videos have been released on Disney Channel for `` Bet on It '' and `` Fabulous '' . Although many fans have stated that the back cover 's track listing is incorrect , this is not true . In fact , it only states songs included on the album . Thus , there is no real track listing to be found .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e323840a70af0f23af0b7c1a298b8ba1", "text": "Dark Adventure Radio Theatre Dark Adventure Radio Theatre is a series of radio dramas produced by the H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society . They are produced in the style of 1930s radio drama , and the `` Dark Adventure Radio Theatre '' resembles a Mercury Theatre production hosted by the fictional `` Chester Langfield '' and `` sponsored '' by `` Fleur-de-Lys Cigarettes '' . However , the character `` died '' of emphysema after the fourth production ( The Shadow Over Innsmouth ) and was replaced by the equally fictional `` Erskine Blackwell , '' the new `` sponsor '' being `` Forhan 's Toothpaste . '' In the latest production , The Dreams in the Witch House , the sponsor became `` Bub-L-Pep '' , a lithium-based drink . The series features casts of professional actors and original music . The CD releases include four prop documents , such as newspaper clippings , etc. , from the show . Currently released productions : Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : At the Mountains of Madness ( 2007 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Dunwich Horror ( 2008 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Shadow Out of Time ( 2008-10-01 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Shadow Over Innsmouth ( 2008-12 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Call of Cthulhu ( 2012-11 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Case of Charles Dexter Ward ( 2013-03 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Color Out of Space ( 2013 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Herbert West - Reanimator ( 2013 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Dreams in the Witch House ( 2014 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Imprisoned with the Pharaohs ( 2014 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Horror at Red Hook ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Dagon : War of Worlds ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : A Solstice Carol ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The White Tree ( 2016 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Thing on the Doorstep ( 2016 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Brotherhood of the Beast ( 2016 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b0edb717448d64fda2d88503fb25a89", "text": "Grand Ricci Le Grand Ricci ( or Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise , Simplified Chinese : 利氏汉法辞典 ; Traditional Chinese : 利氏漢法辭典 ; pinyin : Lìshì Hàn-Fǎ cídiǎn ; literally : `` Dictionnaire chinois-français Ricci '' ( 2001 ) , from the name of the 15th century Italian missionary , Matteo Ricci . It is composed of seven volumes of more than 1,200 pages each , identifying 13,500 characters , and about 300,000 entries of terms and expressions . It is , therefore , the largest Chinese-French dictionary yet , and probably the largest dictionary of Chinese into a Western language . It has become widely known since its publication in 2001 , Le Grand Ricci is the most comprehensive up-to-date dictionary of Chinese into a modern Western language . Though it covers the whole history of Chinese language development , most of the dictionary deals with early and imperial period Chinese language usage . `` It is difficult to imagine any scholar in Chinese studies who will not eagerly welcome this new digital incarnation of the Le Grand Ricci . Le Grand Ricci is to all purposes the most comprehensive bilingual dictionary of Chinese in the Western world . It covers three millennia of the Chinese language , from the Classics to the modern age , and is encyclopedic in its scope . The compilers were able to draw on the full range of French sinological expertise in completing the project . Since its publication Le Grand Ricci has established itself as an indispensable reference tool . Now available online , and easily searchable , its functionality has only further increased . `` Wilt L. Idema . Research Professor of Chinese Literature , HarvardOn the 11th of May , 2010 , the DVD version was presented for the first time at the Shanghai Museum . The resources of the Ricci dictionary are available on Android phones and tablets and Apple IOS via Pleco Software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2cb91d376000c34481bc263744ebb4f", "text": "The Full Monty (musical) The Full Monty is a musical with a book by Terrence McNally and score by David Yazbek . In this Americanized musical stage version adapted from the 1997 British film of the same name , six unemployed Buffalo steelworkers , low on both cash and prospects , decide to present a strip act at a local club after seeing their wives ' enthusiasm for a touring company of Chippendales . One of them , Jerry , declares that their show will be better than the Chippendales dancers because they 'll go `` the full monty '' -- strip all the way . As they prepare for the show , working through their fears , self-consciousness , and anxieties , they overcome their inner demons and find strength in their camaraderie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fe48975c36464e491aed00bb650eead", "text": "Choir of Hope and Inspiration Choir of Hope and Inspiration is an incorporated association ( registered as Melbourne Street Choir , Inc ) formed in March 2009 under the Associations Incorporation Act 1981 ( Victoria ) . CHI is based in Collingwood , Melbourne and is the community choir formerly known by the name `` The Choir of Hard Knocks '' ( which is the main performing choir ) and ( ii ) the `` Morning Bells '' choir . Together the choirs comprise a total of approximately 70 singers , staff and volunteers . CHI is governed by a voluntary Committee of Management ( Board ) comprising Father Jeff O'Hare , Peter Wallbridge ( Secretary ) , Liliana Sanelli , Tricia Olsen and Maureen O'Reilly . Former president Anthony Palmer is the MSC 's pro bono lawyer . The board has a broad range of skills and capabilities suited to the CHI including disadvantaged and welfare sector experience , marketing , events management , business affairs and fundraising . The board is now focused on supporting and promoting the unique needs and talents of the singing members and securing the Choir 's future security and viability . Jonathan Welch is also a committee of management member and the CHI 's inaugural director of music . The CHI is currently engaged in a detailed consultancy process to determine new governing rules , procedures and policies with the choir , staff and volunteers . Following the conclusion of this process ( currently anticipated at the end of July 2009 ) , the choir body , staff and volunteers will formally become members ( as defined under the Associations Incorporation Act ) of the CHI and adopt new rules . The CHI has a Deductible Gift Recipient status and not-for-profit status with the Australian Tax Office and has now commenced fundraising activities . The CHI 's ( registered as Melbourne Street Choir , Inc 's ) corporate registration details are located at www.business.gov.au . The main performing choir made their inaugural performance at the 2009 Melbourne International Jazz Festival at Hamer Hall , Melbourne on 29 April . Following an Australian-wide search for a new name for the main performing choir via its website http://www.savethechoir.com , the main choir has since been relaunched under the name `` Choir of Hope and Inspiration '' -LSB- and first performed under that name at the Geelong Performing Arts Centre on 20 June 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8cd5f7c7755682385b7cbd0108d76a8", "text": "The Encyclopedia of Fantasy The Encyclopedia of Fantasy is a 1997 reference work concerning fantasy fiction , edited by John Clute and John Grant . Other contributors include Mike Ashley , Neil Gaiman , Diana Wynne Jones , David Langford , Sam J. Lundwall , Michael Scott Rohan , Brian Stableford and Lisa Tuttle . The book was well-received on publication . During 1998 , it received the Hugo Award , World Fantasy Award , and Locus Award . The industry publication Library Journal described The Encyclopedia of Fantasy as `` the first of its kind '' . Since November 2012 , the full text of The Encyclopedia of Fantasy is available on-line , as a companion to the on-line Encyclopedia of Science Fiction . However , the editors of the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction have stated that there are not any plans to update the Encyclopedia of Fantasy , at least for the foreseeable future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c56ac4eca01126c24aa1197549bf773", "text": "Vincent Fang (lyricist) For the Hong Kong entrepreneur , please refer to Vincent Fang ( entrepreneur ) . Vincent Fang was born on 26 January 1969 in Hualien , Taiwan . He is a Taiwanese multi-Golden Melody Award nominated lyricist , best known for his collaboration with singer-songwriter Jay Chou . Fang won Best Lyricist at the 19th Golden Melody Awards for '' 青花瓷 '' ( Blue and White Porcelain ) sung by Jay Chou from On the Run . In 1997 , he sent samples of his lyrics to record companies , hoping to find a new career that complemented his passion for writing . Record company owner Jacky Wu was impressed with his work and hired Fang to work with Chou , who had just started his songwriting career . In 2000 , Chou released his first album ( titled Jay ) and since then produced albums in which Fang contributes the majority of the lyrics . Chou 's fame grew rapidly across Asia , pulling Fang into the limelight as well . Fang 's lyrics are noted for covering a wide of issues from family to war , beyond what is normally discussed in love ballads . He is known for using a writing style similar to traditional Chinese poetry , making frequent references to Chinese history and folklore , esp . in Chinese style music , a fusion genre made popular in the 2000s ( decade ) by Jay Chou , fusing modern rock and contemporary R&B together with traditional Chinese music . He calls his style of lyrical poetry `` Su Yan Rhyme Poetry 素顏韻腳詩 '' , which has become a new poetry form in modern Chinese musical literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d55f9eef703684bd3ea6135307823d", "text": "List of songs in Smash Smash is an American musical series that premiered on NBC , Monday , February 6 , 2012 . It was announced on June 9 , 2011 , that NBC had signed a deal with Columbia Records for a soundtrack of the series . The deal gave Columbia world-wide , digital and physical rights to the first season , with options to subsequent seasons . The deal included both original songs written for the series and any covers of songs featured on the show . By the end of the first season , 36 studio recordings of the show 's musical performances were released , 31 of them on iTunes and five with the deluxe edition of the first season soundtrack . The first season soundtrack , The Music of Smash , was released on May 1 , 2012 . A deluxe edition , with additional songs , was available exclusively from Target until early 2013 . A second soundtrack album from the show , Bombshell , which serves as the `` cast album '' for Bombshell , the main show-within-the-show , was released on February 12 , 2013 , in standard and deluxe versions , the latter again exclusively from Target . A third soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 1 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 36 songs that had been previously released for Season 1 , either as singles or on the previous soundtrack albums , including the deluxe Target edition of The Music of Smash ( which is currently out of print ) . A fourth soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 2 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 51 songs from the second season , including three that had n't previously been released during the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee635e13216ec385d1163fd45d7169b6", "text": "Interstella 5555: The 5tory of the 5ecret 5tar 5ystem is a Japanese-French animated adventure fantasy science fiction musical film released on 28 May 2003 . The film is the visual realization of Discovery , the second studio album by Daft Punk . Interstella 5555 tells the story of the abduction and rescue of an interstellar pop band . The film was produced by Daft Punk , Cédric Hervet and Emmanuel de Buretel with Toei Animation under the supervision of Leiji Matsumoto . The film has no dialogueAlthough no dialogue is featured in the film , some characters are depicted to be talking or singing . Some examples with main characters : Shep sings `` Digital Love '' ; Octave sings `` One More Time '' and appears to convey information in `` Short Circuit '' ; Earl talks to Stella during `` Crescendolls '' and in `` Veridis Quo '' , he reads from the eponymous book as part of the ritual . and uses minimal sound effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9af849febdd3ba7f7a6ae31122b4b871", "text": "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (car) Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is the vintage racing car which features in the book , musical film and stage production of the same name . Writer Ian Fleming took his inspiration for the car from a series of aero-engined racing cars built by Count Louis Zborowski in the early 1920s , christened Chitty Bang Bang . The original Chitty Bang Bang 's motor was from a Zeppelin dirigible and it was so named due to the sound made when the car was started . Six versions of the car were built for the film and a number of replicas have subsequently been produced . The version built for the stage production holds the record for the most expensive stage prop ever used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b942e1c0b63f96c22cdbc05e004cff", "text": "Sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ) , rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs -- printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages -- the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ) , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , `` play back '' the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments . Use of the term `` sheet '' is intended to differentiate written or printed forms of music from sound recordings ( on vinyl record , cassette , CD ) , radio or TV broadcasts or recorded live performances , which may capture film or video footage of the performance as well as the audio component . In everyday use , `` sheet music '' ( or simply `` music '' ) can refer to the print publication of commercial sheet music in conjunction with the release of a new film , TV show , record album , or other special or popular event which involves music . The first printed sheet music made with a printing press was made in 1473 . Sheet music is the basic form in which Western classical music is notated so that it can be learned and performed by solo singers or instrumentalists or musical ensembles . Many forms of traditional and popular Western music are commonly learned by singers and musicians `` by ear '' , rather than by using sheet music ( although in many cases , traditional and pop music may also be available in sheet music form ) . `` Score '' is a common alternative ( and more generic ) term for sheet music , and there are several types of scores , as discussed below . The term `` score '' can also refer to theatre music , orchestral music or songs written for a play , musical , opera or ballet , or to music or songs written for a television programme or film ; for the last of these , see Film score .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95", "text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5293803143d020a2d210d9735343bf7c", "text": "WordNet WordNet is a lexical database for the English language . It groups English words into sets of synonyms called synsets , provides short definitions and usage examples , and records a number of relations among these synonym sets or their members . WordNet can thus be seen as a combination of dictionary and thesaurus . While it is accessible to human users via a web browser , its primary use is in automatic text analysis and artificial intelligence applications . The database and software tools have been released under a BSD style license and are freely available for download from the WordNet website . Both the lexicographic data ( lexicographer files ) and the compiler ( called grind ) for producing the distributed database are available .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1d7811ddc7fe78f45c31fe9ea778dc1f", "text": "Ivan Lendl Ivan Lendl ( -LSB- ˈɪvan ˈlɛndl̩ -RSB- ; born March 7 , 1960 ) is a former world No. 1 professional tennis player and is currently coaching current world No. 1 Andy Murray , alongside Jamie Delgado . Originally from Czechoslovakia , he became a United States citizen in 1992 . He was one of the game 's most dominant players in the 1980s and remained a top competitor into the early 1990s . He has been described as one of the greatest tennis players of all time . Lendl 's game relied particularly on strength and heavy topspin from the baseline and helped usher in the modern era of `` power tennis '' . Lendl captured eight Grand Slam singles titles . He competed in 19 Grand Slam singles finals , a record surpassed by Roger Federer in 2009 , Rafael Nadal in 2014 and Novak Djokovic in 2016 . He reached at least one Grand Slam final for 11 consecutive years , a record shared with Pete Sampras , with the male primacy of eight consecutive finals in a Grand Slam tournament ( a record shared with Bill Tilden at the US Open ) . Before the formation of the ATP , Lendl reached a record 12 year-end championships ( equalled by John McEnroe ) . He won two WCT Finals titles and five Masters Grand Prix titles , with the record of nine consecutive finals . He also won a record 22 Grand Prix Super Series titles ( 1980 -- 89 ) , the precursors to the current ATP Masters 1000 . Lendl first attained the world No. 1 ranking on February 28 , 1983 and bolstered his claim to the top spot when he defeated John McEnroe in the 1984 French Open final . For much of the next five years , until August 1990 , Lendl was the top-ranked player ( with a break from September 1988 to January 1989 when Mats Wilander was at the top ) . He finished four years ranked as the world 's top player ( 1985 -- 1987 and 1989 ) and was ranked No. 1 for a total of 270 weeks and set a new record previously held by Jimmy Connors , since broken by Pete Sampras and Roger Federer . He is one of three male players in the Open Era ( with Connors and Federer ) to win more than 1,000 tennis singles matches ( 1,071 ) . Lendl has won 94 singles titles , second only in the Open Era to Connors ' 109 titles . Lendl has been runner-up in a record 11 Grand Slam finals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4b8aa79ebf57be79af1ae59a73a3fd24", "text": "Money creation Money creation ( also known as credit creation ) is the process by which the money supply of a country or a monetary region ( such as the Eurozone ) is increased . A central bank may introduce new money into the economy ( termed `` expansionary monetary policy '' , or by detractors `` printing money '' ) by purchasing financial assets or lending money to financial institutions . However , in most countries today , most of the money supply is in the form of bank deposits , which is created by private banks in a fractional reserve banking system . Bank lending increases the amount of broad money beyond the amount of base money originally created by the central bank . Reserve requirements , capital adequacy ratios , and other policies of the central bank influence this process . Central banks monitor the amount of money in the economy by measuring monetary aggregates such as M2 . The effect of monetary policy on the money supply is indicated by comparing these measurements on various dates . For example , in the United States , money supply measured as M2 grew from $ 6.407 trillion in January 2005 , to $ 8.319 trillion in January 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01d2c4b03152ceb01b31e48820f404f9", "text": "FIDE Online Arena The FIDE Online Arena is the Fédération internationale des échecs or World Chess Federation 's ( FIDE ) commercial Internet chess server devoted to chess playing and related activities . A test version of the server began on August 8 , 2013 ; the fully operational version was announced for October 2013 . FIDE Online Arena is the only official online chess platform of the World Chess Federation where Online Official games , tournaments and World Championships can be played , with Official International rating and titles . The fully operational version of FIDE online arena was launched on April 4 , 2014 with the announcement made by FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov . Games played between two FIDE online arena members will be for FIDE online ratings . A plan to merge online and over-the-board FIDE ratings for the blitz and rapid time controls in the future was also announced . The app , in the mean time , is still in construction . On December 21 , 2015 , a new interface was rolled out . According to a September 2015 internal report , there are currently 4805 members , 2078 paying the subscription fee , with India the most populous . On January 7 , 2016 , the first newsletter was published , with plans for exhilarating events in 2016 , promising to engage all chess fans to a unique gaming experience , along with the New Era that has come along with rated Online games and Arena titles . `` Arena titles are going to be included in monthly FIDE rating lists starting from January 2016 . As official FIDE titles they can precede the players ' names in over the board competitions as well . '' However , the official Title regulations of FIDE declare `` Only the titles as in ( 0.3 ) are acknowledged by FIDE '' , which list GM , IM , FM , CM and women 's versions , but no Arena versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3530015e1e6216d1c98b80d719084f25", "text": "Bosworth Tennis Bosworth Tennis , also known as Bosworth International , is a family business which specializes in stringing tennis rackets but also designs and alters other aspects of tennis rackets to match the personal preferences of the players . They have worked with many of the top tennis players , notably Ivan Lendl . The company was created by Warren Bosworth in 1975 . By 1992 his business moved from Glastonbury , Connecticut to Boca Raton . It is now led by his son Jay Bosworth , who joined the company in 1982 . It is one of a handful of highly specialized companies catering to the top professional players , compabarable to Roman Prokes ( Maria Sharapova , Andy Roddick ) and Nate Ferguson ( Roger Federer , Novak Djokovic ) , but they also provide similar services to amateur players . Warren M. Bosworth Jr. ( January 5 , 1935 - July 7 , 2010 ) was born in Providence , Rhode Island . After his studies of embalment at the New England Institute of Anatomy , Warren Bosworth had many jobs , including embalmer at his father 's Warren M. Bosworth Funeral Home , and investment banker , before starting around 1970 a company that maintained tennis court surfaces . He married Barbara Bedard in 1959 . They lived with their three children in Hartford , Connecticut . After he had bought and adapted a stringing machine in 1972 , he was asked to redesign the stringing machine at Ektelon Corp. . He started working for the Aetna World Cup tournament in Hartford , and by 1976 became the Floor General there , responsible for the stringing , the grounds and the ball courts . In 1975 , he was so well known as a stringer and qualified pro trainer that he retired from the investment banking and became a full-time stringer , touring the circuit with his Bosworth Racket Clinic . Most famous collaboration is the one with Lendl . Roscoe Tanner claims his streak at the US Open in 79 ( including wins against Lendl and Borg ) was caused by Bosworth adjusting his rackets . Working with many of the top professional players , he was nicknamed `` The Wizard of Boz '' and `` The Doctor '' . He also worked as chief technical consultant for Snauwaert . In 1980 , he designed his first full racket , the Snauwaert Dyno . His second design was a racket for Jimmy Connors . Warren Bosworth also invented new stringing patterns like the Bosworth Pattern , perfect squares surrounded by rectangles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07395d5c750a558d458d5dff6be0621b", "text": "Novak Djokovic Novak Djokovic ( Новак Ђоковић , Novak Đoković , -LSB- nôʋaːk d͡ʑôːkoʋit͡ɕ -RSB- ; born 22 May 1987 ) , often referred to by the hypocorism Nole , is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 2 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . He is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time . Djokovic holds the highest match winning rate ( 82.8 % ) in the Open Era , as of May 2017 . Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles , the fourth most in history , and held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks . In majors , Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles , three Wimbledon titles , two US Open titles and one French Open title . In 2016 , he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam ; by winning the 2016 French Open , Djokovic became the third man to hold all four major titles at once , the first since Rod Laver in 1969 , and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces . Djokovic has won an all-time record of 30 Masters 1000 series titles , tied with Rafael Nadal . Djokovic 's records include breaking the single-season record with six masters titles in 2015 , winning 31 consecutive ATP World Tour Masters 1000 series matches , playing in the finals at all nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments ( shared with Roger Federer and Nadal , and being the only player to win eight of the nine events ( and at least twice ) . Among other titles , he has won the ATP World Tour Finals five times and was on the Serbian team which won the 2010 Davis Cup . He also won the Bronze medal in men 's singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics . Djokovic is the first Serbian player to be ranked No. 1 by the ATP and the first male player representing Serbia to win a Grand Slam singles title . Djokovic has won numerous awards , including the 2012 , 2015 , and 2016 Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year , 2011 BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year , five-time ITF World Champion , and four-time ATP year-end number 1 . He is a recipient of the Order of St. Sava , the Order of Karađorđe 's Star and the Order of the Republika Srpska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5530bbd803a6f676333e4c80c2f88da", "text": "Václav Havel Human Rights Prize The Václav Havel Human Rights Prize is an annual $ 60,000 award established in 2013 by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , the Václav Havel Library and the Charta 77 Foundation , to honour `` outstanding '' civil society action in defence of human rights , in Europe and beyond . The prize is awarded in memory of Václav Havel , former President of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic . It replaces the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Human Rights Prize , which was created in 2009 and awarded every two years . The prize is decided by a jury consisting of the President of the Parliamentary Assembly and six independent personalities with expertise in human rights issues . The jury draws up a shortlist of three nominees in August each year , before deciding on an overall winner in October . The prize is awarded at a special ceremony which takes place during the autumn plenary session of the Parliamentary Assembly in Strasbourg . Individuals , non-governmental organisations and institutions working to defend human rights can be nominated . The award is worth is $ 60,000 , half of which comes from the Parliamentary Assembly while the other half is contributed by the Czech Foreign Ministry . The agreement on the creation of the award was signed at the Czernin Palace in Prague on March 25 , 2013 by the President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Jean-Claude Mignon , Marta Smolíková for the Václav Havel Library and Professor František Janouch for the Charta 77 Foundation . The event was hosted by the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic Karel Schwarzenberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf088ab255d1b595c3f65a840c9f6498", "text": "2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season The 2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season began at the Chennai Open , where he won the title for the second time in his career . This was followed by victory at the Australian Open , where he defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals , followed by victory over world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the final , to win his first ever Grand Slam title , launching him to a career-high no. 3 in the world , and the Swiss no. 1 ( ahead of Roger Federer ) for the first time in his career . Additionally , he won his first Masters 1000 title , defeating compatriot Federer in the final after coming back from a set down . During the first half of the season , Wawrinka went a perfect 6 -- 0 against top-10 opponents , including wins against three of the `` Big Four '' ( Djokovic , Nadal , and Federer ) . He also reached the semifinals of the ATP World Tour Finals for the second time in a row and finished the year helping Switzerland win their first Davis Cup . He was defending champion in Oeiras , but withdrew before the tournament began .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798b19687456d6e48fb7eea51396140c", "text": "Rafael Nadal Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera ( -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time . Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour . Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times ( Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 ) and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7208fb1a415097548f68312bb70e06a6", "text": "Iván de la Peña Iván de la Peña López ( -LSB- iˈβan delaˈpeɲa -RSB- ; born 6 May 1976 ) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central midfielder . During his career , de la Peña earned the nicknames Pequeño Buddha ( Little Buddha ) and Lo Pelat ( The Shaven One ) due to his shaven head and slight frame . Having started as a youth prodigy at Barcelona , he incidentally closed out his extensive career at neighbouring Espanyol , amassing La Liga totals of 269 games and 19 goals over the course of 12 seasons . De la Peña was known for his technical skills and accurate passing ability , although his career was affected by several injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3999fbe74d5e4ae3ed3b52582043e15", "text": "1960 Open Championship The 1960 Open Championship was the 89th Open Championship , played 6 -- 9 July at the Old Course in St Andrews , Scotland . In the centenary year of the Open Championship , Kel Nagle prevailed over Arnold Palmer by a single stroke ; this year marked the championship 's re-emergence as a major stop for American players . The total prize money was increased by forty percent , from # 5,000 to # 7,000 . The winner 's share was increased to # 1,250 with # 900 for second , # 700 for third , # 500 for fourth , # 400 for fifth , # 300 for sixth , # 250 for seventh , # 200 for eighth , # 150 for ninth , and # 130 for tenth . The next fifteen places each received # 60 with # 50 for next seven and then # 40 for the next eighteen . The # 50 prize for winning the qualification event was unchanged while the four prizes for the lowest score in each round were was increased to # 50 . For the centenary event there was a special prize for the winner in the form of a replica of the claret jug . Qualifying took place on 4 -- 5 July , Monday and Tuesday , with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course . A maximum of 100 players could qualify . Gary Player led the qualifiers as medalist at 135 , and the qualifying score was 147 and 74 players qualified ; 28 players on 148 were not included . Dick Metz , who had won the World Senior Golf Championship at Gleneagles on 3 July , was one of those on 148 who just failed to qualify . Roberto De Vicenzo opened the tournament proper with consecutive rounds of 67 on Wednesday and Thursday to take a two-stroke lead over Nagle . In the third round , De Vicenzo 's drive on the 14th ended up on top of a wall and he finished the round with a score of 75 , allowing Nagle to take a two-shot lead . Palmer , who had won the U.S. Open three weeks earlier by erasing a seven-shot deficit in the final round , was four back after 54-holes . The final round on Friday afternoon was delayed until Saturday due to a heavy rainfall that flooded portions of the course ; the first postponement in over fifty years . When play resumed the next day , Palmer and Nagle both went out in 34 . Still four-strokes behind , Palmer began another charge on the back . He made up strokes on the 13th and 15th , made a 4 on the 17th , then made birdie at the last . Nagle was standing over a crucial par putt on the Road Hole 17th when he heard the roar signifying Palmer 's birdie at 18 . He managed to collect himself and hole the putt , then made a safe 4 at the last to win the title by a single shot over Palmer . Already 39 at the time of his victory , this was Nagle 's first top ten finish in a major championship . Although little-known outside of Australia at the time of the tournament , he went on to have success throughout the next decade and came close to winning another major at the 1965 U.S. Open , losing to Gary Player in an 18-hole playoff . Palmer had won the first two majors at the Masters and U.S. Open , and was attempting to equal Ben Hogan 's 1953 season with a third consecutive major . His appearance established the British Open as an important tournament for American golfers and , although Palmer himself skipped the tournament a few times afterward , the best American players began crossing the Atlantic with regularity from then on . Palmer won the next two Opens in 1961 and 1962 . The appearance of Palmer , already the most popular golfer in the world , proved to be a turning point for the Open Championship . Until the 1960s , few Americans made the trip to the Open Championship , with the lengthy ocean-voyage and high costs of traveling to Britain often more than they stood to win in the tournament . Even Palmer , winner of the first two majors of the year , had to play in the 36-hole qualifier immediately preceding it . The 1960 event included only four Americans following the qualifier , and only two made the cut . Ten years later , 24 Americans were in the field of 134 . For many years , the event often conflicted with the PGA Championship in the U.S. , a more lucrative major which gradually moved to late July and then August .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f854f2440e476e2928d32c97a99bed73", "text": "1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's Singles Top-seeded Ivan Lendl overcame the defending champion , Andrés Gómez , in the final to claim his fifth title of the year and $ 51,000 prize money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03cec9c9bd2bc1bf2669949b4e056ee9", "text": "Lite Challenge of Champions 1983 The Chicago Challenge of Champions was held on January 4 -- 9 , 1983 at the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont , Illinois . The promoter was Andrzej Kepinski , and this was the first year of sponsorship by Miller Lite . This was the third year of the Challenge . Ivan Lendl won in the final 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 4 against Jimmy Connors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea6bb28609f1e385e7a978cd4b99fb25", "text": "1985 Atlanta AT&T Challenge of Champions The 1985 Atlanta AT&T Challenge of Champions was a tennis tournament in 1985 . It was won by Ivan Lendl , 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 3 against Jimmy Connors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f516e1b7c4a543663bcf36c64724e11", "text": "G.I. (military) G.I. is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces -- and for U.S. Marines and sailors -- and also for general items of their equipment . The term G.I. has been used as an initialism of `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' , but it originally referred to `` galvanized iron '' , as used by the logistics services of the United States Armed Forces . The letters `` G.I. '' were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron , such as metal trash cans , in U.S. Army inventories and supply records . During World War I , American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as `` G.I. cans '' . Also during that war , `` G.I. '' started being interpreted as `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen . The term `` G.I. '' came into widespread use in the United States with the start of the Selective Service System ( `` the draft '' ) in 1940 , extending into 1941 . Next , the use of `` G.I. '' expanded from 1942 through 1945 . The American Five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower said in 1945 that `` the truly heroic figure of this war -LSB- is -RSB- G.I. Joe and his counterpart in the air , the navy , and the Merchant Marine of every one of the United Nations . '' `` G.I. '' was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the Army or Army Air Force .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10c39b8014ebe744115d9af668a376b9", "text": "Ostend 1907 chess tournament The tournament was divided into two sections : the Championship Tournament and the Masters ' Tournament . The first section was for players who had previously won an international tournament . The Championship Tournament took place in the Casino of Ostend from 16 May to 14 June 1907 . Dawid Janowski , Siegbert Tarrasch , Carl Schlechter , and Frank Marshall had accepted the invitation for the tournament . Emanuel Lasker and Géza Maróczy declined and were replaced by Amos Burn and Mikhail Chigorin . The time restriction was 30 moves in two hours and 15 moves in one hour . Tarrasch won the golden medal and 2603 1/2 francs . Schlechter became second and gained 2277 1/2 francs . In the Ostend tournament of 1907 the term `` grandmaster '' ( actually Großmeister in German ) was used , so these players were described as grandmasters for the purposes of the tournament . After winning the tournament , Tarrasch was crowned the `` World Champion Tournament Player '' by the tournament organizers . Lasker finally agreed to a title match in 1908 , and beat Tarrasch convincingly ( +8 -- 3 = 5 ) . The Masters ' Tournament was a twenty nine-player round-robin . It was played from 16 May to 25 June . Ossip Bernstein and Akiba Rubinstein ended equal as winners at Ostend B.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b717378c62818ff13eaa67fb38075f17", "text": "Lenta (retail) Lenta is one of the largest retail chains in Russia and the country 's second largest hypermarket chain . The company was founded in 1993 in St. Petersburg . Founded by Oleg Zherebtsov , Lenta opened its first `` Cash & Carry '' store in St. Petersburg , Russia , in October 1993 . Lenta then registered its trademark in 1994 . And , by 1999 , it opened its first big-box hypermarket format and has expanded ever since . Now Lenta operates 122 hypermarkets in 63 cities across Russia and 27 supermarkets in the Moscow region with a total of approximately 787,807 sq. m. of selling space . The average Lenta hypermarket store has selling space of 6,200 sq m . The company operates five distribution centres for hypermarkets . The company 's stores base themselves on price-led hypermarkets and supermarket scheme . Lenta employs around 35,100 people . Lenta 's largest shareholders include TPG Capital , the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and VTB Capital . Global Depository Receipts ( GDRs ) of Lenta Ltd. are listed on the London Stock Exchange and on the Moscow Exchange . The parent company of the chain -- Lenta LLC -- 100 % belongs to Lenta LTD , that registered in British Virgin Islands . 41,3 % of shares belong to investment - TPG Capital and `` VTB Capital '' ( 35,5 % and 4 % respectively ) , 15,3 % -- belongs to EBRD , minor shareholders share the rest . CEO of the chain -- Jan Dunning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5afab39b328911e2eba710d919458640", "text": "1996 US Open – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the defending champion , and successfully defended his title , defeating Michael Chang 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 3 ) in the final to win the men 's singles tennis title at the 1996 US Open . In the draw for the tournament , there were accusations of American favouritism as world number 3 , Michael Chang , and world number 8 , Andre Agassi , were seeded above their world ranking at numbers 2 and 6 respectively . Other players seeded above their world ranking included world number 6 , Goran Ivanišević , being seeded at number 4 , Richard Krajicek , the world number 7 , being seeded at number 5 , and another American Jim Courier , the world number 9 , being seeded at number 8 . Some other players were seeded below their world ranking , including world number 2 , Thomas Muster , who was seeded at number 3 , Boris Becker , the world number 5 , seeded at number 6 , and Yevgeny Kafelnikov , the world number 4 , seeded at number 7 . Becker pulled out of the tournament with an injury and Kafelnikov was so angry at his seeding demotion that he withdrew from the tournament in protest . This was the last Grand Slam that Stefan Edberg competed in . He lost to Ivanišević in the quarterfinals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51da553f73834faa2a4b485e1b65a9c", "text": "Less Than Zero (song) `` Less Than Zero '' is the eighth track on Elvis Costello 's debut album My Aim Is True , and the first Costello single that Stiff Records released . The song expressed Costello 's anger after seeing former British Union of Fascists leader Oswald Mosley interviewed on television attempting to deny his racist past . In the liner notes to the Rhino edition of the album , Costello writes : The song therefore fits in with a number of others on early Costello albums that deal with themes of fascism and totalitarianism , which also include `` Night Rally '' from This Year 's Model and `` Goon Squad '' from Armed Forces . In this case , a racist and totalitarian movement is seen in terms of sub rosa teenage sex : `` Turn up the TV ... Even your mother wo n't detect it/So your father wo n't know . '' Allmusic critic Mark Deming describes the melody as `` slow , slinky -LSB- and -RSB- sinister . '' Deming also suggests that the melody shows some reggae influences , even though the rhythm does not incorporate reggae syncopations . Deming describes the song as `` controversial , audacious , and highly effective '' as well as `` a truly remarkable debut . '' On his first visit to the United States , Costello found that American audiences did n't understand the song , writing in his 2015 autobiography , Unfaithful Music and Disappearing Ink , `` I 'm not sure if anyone in Cleveland has ever heard of Oswald Mosley or gave a damn about him when we played `` Less Than Zero '' that night . It was just some rock and roll music with a fashionable-sounding title '' . Later , he substantially rewrote the lyrics to refer to Lee Harvey Oswald . This was a reference to the common misconception among American fans that this was the `` Mr. Oswald '' referred to in the original lyrics . This version is usually referred to as the `` Dallas version '' and is available as a bonus track on the My Aim is True reissue , and a live version can be found on Live at the El Mocambo . The song later provided US author Bret Easton Ellis with the title of his debut novel . The song was also involved in Costello 's infamous performance on Saturday Night Live on 17 December 1977 . Following pressure from his record company to play the song on the show , Costello began to play the song , but he stopped after only a few bars , saying that `` there 's no reason to do this song here . '' He then launched into an unannounced performance of `` Radio Radio '' , a song he had promised not to play . As a result , he was banned from the show until 1989 . In 2015 , Costello wrote of having seen the Saturday Night Live appearance as an opportunity equivalent to The Beatles ' first live US television performance on -LSB- -LSB- The Ed Sullivan Show -RSB- : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- Columbia insisted that the second song should be `` Less Than Zero '' . The song had already proven to be obscure to many American ears and if this was supposed to be our I Want to Hold Your Hand moment , I thought the song was too low-key '' . He had then come up with the plan to switch songs , inspired by a live performance on the BBC 's The Lulu Show in 1969 in which Jimi Hendrix had scrapped a performance of Hey Joe after a few bars to instead play an impromptu tribute to Cream , who had broken up just days before . `` Less Than Zero '' appears on the first Stiff Records compilation ; A Bunch of Stiff Records , whilst the B-side , `` Radio Sweetheart '' , appears on their second ; Hits Greatest Stiffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9f29a3e0708325e5487dc3b2f9a8d61", "text": "1991 Super Bowl of Poker The Super Bowl of Poker ( also known as Amarillo Slim 's Super Bowl of Poker or SBOP ) was the second most prestigious poker tournament in the world during the 1980s . While the World Series of Poker was already drawing larger crowds as more and more amateurs sought it out , the SBOP `` was an affair limited almost exclusively to pros and hard-core amateurs . '' The 1991 Tournament was the last SBOP . After Caesar 's Casino in Las Vegas closed its poker room , Amarillo Slim had to find a new location for the event and the best deal that he could find forced participants to drive two hours . This resulted in the smallest SBOP fields ever ; the Main Event only had 12 participants . Because of the small size of the field , fewer people were paid than in previous tournaments and the prestige of winning the events suffered a setback that doomed the SBOP and made 1991 the last year for the tournament . The winners of the tournament , however , continued to represent some of the biggest names in poker . Barbara Enright , the only woman in the Poker Hall of Fame , won the ladies event . Jack Keller , another Hall of Famer , won two events , the $ 1,000 Pot Limit Omaha and the $ 10,000 Main Event . Having won the event in 1984 , this was his second time to have won the $ 10,000 Main Event . Prior to SBOP , the only high dollar tournament a person could enter was the WSOP . `` The World Series of Poker was so successful that everybody wanted more than one tournament , '' Amarillo Slim said . Slim called upon his connections and friendships with poker 's elite to start a new tournament in the February 1979 . Before the SBOP had developed a reputation of its own , many of the most respected names in poker attended the tournament `` more to support Slim and take advantage of the very fat cash games the event would obviously inspire . '' Slim modelled his SBOP after the WSOP with several events and a $ 10,000 Texas Hold 'em Main Event . One of the principal differences between the WSOP and the SBOP was the prize structure . The WSOP 's prize structure was flat , ensuring more people received smaller pieces of the prize pool . The SBOP typically used a 60-30-10 payout structure . In other words , only the first three places received money and generally in the ratio of 60 % to first place , 30 % to second place , and 10 % to third . This payment schedule dominated in the SBOP for the first 5 years of the event , but as the event grew the number of payouts increased while keeping the payout schedule top heavy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e02972f0cc282146aef7b4ed4d77048", "text": "1990 Stockholm Open – Singles Ivan Lendl was the defending champion , but did not compete that year . Boris Becker won in the final 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 0 , 6 -- 3 , against Stefan Edberg .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "af00e22dcf17688965a8427336d08900", "text": "Tyra Banks Tyra Lynne Banks ( born December 4 , 1973 ) is an American television personality , producer , businesswoman , actress , author , former model and occasional singer . Born in Inglewood , California , she began her career as a model at age 15 , and was the first African American woman to be featured on the covers of GQ and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , on which she appeared twice . She was a Victoria 's Secret Angel from 1997 to 2005 . By the early 2000s , Banks was one of the world 's top-earning models . Banks began acting on television in 1993 on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and made her film debut in Higher Learning in 1995 . She had major roles such as Eve in Disney Channel 's Life-Size and Zoe in the box office hit Coyote Ugly . She had small roles in the romantic film Love & Basketball and horror film Halloween : Resurrection , and appeared in television series Gossip Girl and Glee . In 2003 , Banks created and began presenting the long-running reality television series America 's Next Top Model , which she executive produced and presented for the first twenty-two seasons until the series ' cancellation in October 2015 . She remained executive producer for the revival of the series , and enlisted Rita Ora as host for the twenty-third cycle before reassuming the duties herself for the upcoming twenty-fourth cycle . Banks was the co-creator of True Beauty , and had her own talk show , The Tyra Banks Show , which aired on The CW for five seasons and won two Daytime Emmy awards for Outstanding Talk Show Informative . She co-hosted the talk show FABLife for two months . In 2017 , Banks will replace Nick Cannon as host of America 's Got Talent for its 12th season . In 2010 , she published a young adult novel titled Modelland , based on her life as a model which topped The New York Times Best Seller list in 2011 . Banks is one of four African Americans and seven women to have repeatedly ranked among the world 's most influential people by TIME magazine .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ef7ac93714b5f2364ca6bf45ae6f39cb", "text": "Top Model (France cycle 1) The first cycle of Top Model aired from July to August 2005 . The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Alizée Sorel from Switzerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82462fe17412adc25c637a1c623ddee2", "text": "Mor Katzir Mor Katzir ( Hebrew : מור קציר ; born August 23 , 1980 ) is an Israeli model from Haifa , Israel . She has posed for ads for Cole Haan , Ann Taylor , Costume National , and Missoni , and in catalogs for Saks , JCrew , H&M , and Nordstroms . Her most notable editorial work includes the covers of L'Officiel , Elle ( France ) , and D ( Italy ) . She has also appeared in V , The Face , Another , and German Vogue . Katzir has walked the runway for fashion houses including Bottega Veneta , Burberry , Givenchy , and Rick Owens Katzir has been represented by agencies including 1 Model Mgmt NYC , Women Management Milan , and Women Management Paris . She is currently represented by Silent models in Paris . Her hobbies include Feng Shui and Chinese art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d36485fa062eb890ce54ded60a694c95", "text": "November 20", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce08be8b36f865e5e9570e9572daa0e", "text": "Jaydy Michel Jaydy Michel Brixon ( -LSB- ˈʝeiði miˈtʃel -RSB- ; born December 20 , 1975 ) is a Mexican actress and fashion model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acabc887825c670edf25af946b510e07", "text": "María Del Cerro María Del Cerro ( born 20 March 1985 ) is an Argentine model , actress , TV host , business and fashion designer . She began her modelling career participating in the reality show for models SúperM in 2001 , and became one of Argentine leading modelling figures . Del Cerro spawned her acting career in 2007 , in television series Romeo y Julieta . Her biggest role by now came with the Cris Morena Group series Casi Ángeles . Before that , Del Cierro was also known for being a girlfriend of popular actor Benjamín Rojas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45e8862da04e950b126520e91411d3c", "text": "Danmarks Næste Topmodel Danmarks Næste Topmodel ( Denmark 's Next Top Model ) , or simply Topmodel , was a Danish reality television show and an adaptation of America 's Next Top Model , created by Tyra Banks . It began to be broadcast on Kanal 4 with Caroline Fleming being the host . After the fifth season , Fleming announced that she would not continue hosting the show . She was replaced by Cecilie Lassen for cycle 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a98ee566e4607bec287400a6fe4c7a96", "text": "Malena Belafonte Malena Belafonte ( born Malena Mathiesen ) is an international fashion model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4cf2b7e771bf890fede3b02b379f8c2", "text": "Kiera Gormley Kiera Gormley is a model from Belfast in Northern Ireland . She caught the eye of Mario Testino , leading to shoots for Vogue UK and Italy , ID , Burberry , Aquascutum , Aveda , and Jaeger . Gormley is represented by Storm Model Management in London , Marilyn agency in New York and Paris , and Women Model Management Milan . Gormley has worked for Gaultier , Dior , Lanvin , Vivienne Westwood , Hermes , Paul Smith , Burberry , Maison Martin Margiela , Biba , Giorgio Armani , and many more . She became the face of MAC Cosmetics in the `` Rose romance '' campaign , shot by Miles Aldridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5179212c86fd99d3f538d7e3ccba784", "text": "America's Next Top Model (cycle 14) The fourteenth cycle of America 's Next Top Model premiered on March 10 , 2010 , and is the eighth season to be aired on The CW . The cycle 's catch phrase is `` Work It Out '' . The promotional songs are `` Watch Me Move '' by Fefe Dobson and `` Go Getta '' by Stella Mwangi . The prizes for this cycle were : A modeling contract with Wilhelmina Models . A fashion spread and cover in Seventeen . A 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics . J. Alexander was removed from his post as a judge , but still remained as the runway coach . He was replaced by Vogue editor André Leon Talley . The international destinations during this cycle were Auckland and Queenstown , New Zealand . The winner was 24-year-old Krista White from Pine Bluff , Arkansas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95ec6e3ee441459299dda43c66705721", "text": "Peru's Next Top Model (cycle 1) Peru 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 , was the first installment of a current Peruvian reality television season based on Tyra Banks ' America 's Next Top Model . The series is hosted by Peruvian model Valeria De Santis . The show began to air on ATV on September 7 , 2013 . The series featured fifteen finalists in its cast . Production lasted a total of three months , and the footage was divided into twelve episodes . The winner of the competition was 23-year-old Danea Panta from Trujillo . As her prizes , she received a contract with Mega Model Management in Miami , the front cover of Cosas magazine , a $ 10,000 dollar contract with L'Bel Cosmetics , a $ 10,000 dollar contract with Moda Falabella , and a $ 5,000 dollar contract with Pantene Pro-v .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6f41b93023d7c98e0189a0aca129c0", "text": "Aeshra Patel Aeshra Patel ( born 10 April 1988 ) is an Indian supermodel , and an actress . She participated in Femina Miss India 2010 and was a 1st runner up in the Ford Supermodel 2009 competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "721c2e88ae7cd77ebec579db17b67e32", "text": "New Zealand's Next Top Model (cycle 1) New Zealand 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 is the original season of New Zealand 's Next Top Model which is a reality TV show based on America 's Next Top Model . Thirteen young women compete for the title and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry . The prize for this cycle was a contract with 62 Model Management , a 1-year contract with CoverGirl cosmetics , an 8-page editorial in CLEO Magazine , an all expenses paid trip to Sydney to meet with Ursula Hufnagl of Chic Model Management and a trip to New York to meet with NEXT Model Management . The catchphrase for this season is `` Our Turn To Turn Heads '' . The international destinations for this cycle were Sydney , Australia , where the final seven judging panel was held , and then Los Angeles , United States for one episode with six contestants . The winner was 16-year-old Christobelle Grierson-Ryrie from Auckland , New Zealand . New Zealand 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 has aired on TV3 in New Zealand and FOX8 in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ad4203eb832b86588890543502410c", "text": "Hayley Sams Hayley Sams ( born March 21 , 1986 in Birmingham , England ) is a retired English glamour model and winner of Max Power magazine 's Babe competition for 2009 . She first rose to prominence after winning the Miss Bedfordshire beauty pageant in 2008 , shortly after which she was signed to former Miss England Danielle Lloyd 's Irresistible Talent model agency . Sams also became a leading model for the UK based international agency ModelGateway.net in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8334c10c7ae808c738fef59270881fad", "text": "Danijela Dimitrovska Danijela Dimitrovska ( Serbian Cyrillic : Данијела Димитровска ; -LSB- danijɛ̌ːla dimitrɔ̌ʋskaː -RSB- ; born 22 April 1987 ) is a Serbian model . She began her modelling career by winning the Elite Model Look competition in Serbia in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b86f865dc3b99d04df9ead51b94ce74c", "text": "Colombia's Next Top Model Colombia 's Next Top Model is a Colombian reality television series , based on Tyra Banks ' America 's Next Top Model . It is the third franchise in Latin America after Brazil 's Next Top Model and Mexico 's Next Top Model . The series began to air on Caracol TV on January 8 , 2013 . The series features a group of young women who compete for the title of `` Colombia 's Next Top Model '' and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry . The second season aired on January 13 , 2014 . Carolina Cruz was introduced as the new image of the contest and Franklin Ramos remained as the tutor . On the other hand , Kika Rocha and Catalina Aristizábal remained part of the team as judges and Mauricio Vélez entered the show as a replacement of Raúl Higuera who was no longer part of the team for season 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dda5b5fa923b5d516162619cefabb323", "text": "Holland's Next Top Model (cycle 1) Holland 's Next Top Model ( retroactively Holland 's Next Top Model cycle 1 ) features a dynamic reality show format - in that the viewers not only witness an intense competition to find a top model but also the impact of the competition on and day-to-day lives of a diverse group of contestants . In the end , Sanne Nijhof would beat out her competition to become the first winner of Holland 's Next Top Model . With her win , she represented the Netherlands at Ford Models Supermodel of the World competition , ultimately winning the competition and a contract with the agency ( although she has since then left the agency ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e330f7f4a74309adafadb2100f7f9db1", "text": "America's Next Top Model (cycle 17) The seventeenth cycle of America 's Next Top Model ( subtitled as America 's Next Top Model : All Stars and stylized as America 's Next Top Model ALL ★ STARS ) premiered on September 14 , 2011 on The CW . It featured fourteen returning models from previous seasons . The judging panel , unchanged since cycle 14 , once again consisted of Tyra Banks , Nigel Barker and André Leon Talley . The first judging was conducted in front of a live audience . The international destination for this cycle was the Greek island of Crete . The promotional song for this cycle was `` You Make Me Feel ... '' by Cobra Starship ft. Sabi . This was the final season filmed and broadcast in standard definition . The winner of the competition was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato from Los Angeles , California , who originally placed sixth in cycle 5 . Angelea Preston , who originally placed third on cycle 14 , and was disqualified from the competition in the final episode of the cycle , said that she had originally won the competition but was stripped of her title after producers learned that she had once worked as an escort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bf1319204ced9f099e2f1a81a31496a", "text": "Victoria Sellers Victoria Sellers ( born 20 January 1965 ) is a British model , actress , comedian and jewellery designer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "79564a8f4fe920c7a3c23a20cda45a8f", "text": "We Found Love `` We Found Love '' is a song recorded by Bajan singer Rihanna from her sixth studio album , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) . It was written and produced by , and features Scottish DJ Calvin Harris ; the song was also featured on his third album 18 Months ( 2012 ) . `` We Found Love '' premiered on September 22 , 2011 , on the Capital FM radio station in the United Kingdom , and was made available to download on the same day as the lead single from Talk That Talk . `` We Found Love '' is an uptempo electro house song , with elements of techno and Europop . The song 's lyrics speak of a couple who `` found love in a hopeless place '' . `` We Found Love '' was met with mixed reviews from music critics , who praised the song 's composition and Rihanna 's vocal performance ; however , some critics felt that the lyrical content was sparse and came second to Harris ' production . The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for ten non-consecutive weeks , becoming the longest running number-one single of 2011 . The single also surpassed `` Umbrella '' and became Rihanna 's longest running number one single . It was the singer 's eleventh song to top the Hot 100 , placing her in third place among female recording artists amassing the most number one singles . `` We Found Love '' topped the charts in twenty-five other countries including Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . According to Billboard it is the 24th most successful single of all time in the US . As of 2015 , the single has sold 10.5 million copies worldwide , thus being one of the best selling singles of all time . This was the first of multiple collaborations by Rihanna and Harris , including `` Where Have You Been '' and `` This Is What You Came For '' . The song 's accompanying music video , directed by Melina Matsoukas , depicts the singer as a drug-abusing thrill-seeker in a relationship that quickly spirals downward into addiction and violence . The video received a mixed response from critics , as they noted that it profoundly alludes to ex-boyfriend Chris Brown 's assault on Rihanna , two years prior . It attracted criticism from political commentators , who questioned the video for its suggestive sexual nature . However , the video won a Grammy for `` Best Short Form Music Video '' at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards and `` Video of the Year '' at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards . The song has been performed on both the UK and US versions of The X Factor , as well as at the 2012 Grammy Awards and the 2012 BRIT Awards . Multiple recording artists have covered `` We Found Love '' including alternative rock band Coldplay and English singer Jessie J . The song also used for the trailer of 2012 comedy-drama film Magic Mike , in the TV series Sherlock , and in the film American Honey", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6cfc3a7bfed27a16c45ea34f8d3af8e0", "text": "The Look of Love (Madonna song) `` The Look of Love '' is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1987 film Who 's That Girl . It was the third and final single release from the album and was released on November 25 , 1987 by Sire Records . While shooting for the film , then called Slammer , Madonna had requested that producer Patrick Leonard develop a downtempo song that captured the nature of her film persona . She later wrote the lyrics and melody to the backing track developed by Leonard , and the song became `` The Look of Love '' . Madonna was also inspired by actor James Stewart 's performance in the 1954 film Rear Window . Featuring instrumentation from percussion , the song begins with a low bass synth line and a slow backing track , followed by Madonna singing the lyrics . Critically appreciated as a haunting track and noted as a `` gem '' on the album , `` The Look of Love '' reached the top ten of the charts in Belgium , Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom . It also charted in France , Germany and Switzerland , while reaching the top 20 of the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles . Madonna 's only live performances of the song were on her Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . During the performance Madonna pretended that she was lost on the stage , like her film character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10504d42e3236e72d3e10d5e1cbf5157", "text": "Kiss Your Mama! `` Kiss Your Mama ! '' is the first single from Vanessa Amorosi 's album Somewhere in the Real World . The single was serviced to radio on Friday , 3 August 2007 , with a commercial 2-track single released 8 September 2007 . It was released on 1 September 2007 on the Australian iTunes Music Store . `` Kiss Your Mama ! '' is a nu-skool guitar rock groove with a blend of vintage soul . Vanessa co-wrote `` Kiss Your Mama ! '' , inspired by the belief of her gal pals that a guy who shows respect to his mother will treat his lady loves right too . The video was shot in Melbourne with London director Stuart Gosling ( Good Charlotte , Roni Size , Feeder ) . Says Vanessa . . `` I wanted it a performance - with no acting or showing much skin to be sexy . I feel sexy onstage anyway . We shot it in an old building which had an amazing vibe inside .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e1b056dfc94a58e7797268a336a154b", "text": "Let Yourself be Loved `` Let yourself be Loved '' is a song by Indie Rock band Diamond Carter . The song was featured on the band 's first album entitled Pink Balloon , released in September 2012 . It was co-written by Diamond Carter 's front man , Tyler Tuohy , the bands producer , Michael Gigante , and actor John Stamos , who also directed the song 's music video in March of 2014 . The video stars Tuohy alongside actress Nicky Whelan and was released as a feature music video on Yahoo! Music May 14 , 2014 . This was the first music video Stamos had recorded since `` Hot Fun in the Summertime '' with The Beach Boys in the early 90 's . The video received Twitter recognition from artists such as John Stamos , Howard Stern , Lori Loughlin , Amanda Cerny and Matt Sorum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "742f507f4306424abbdde55c41e5f17f", "text": "Maha Maha Maha Maha ( Tamil : மகா மகா , English : Great Great ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil romantic thriller film directed by Mathivanan Sakthivel . The film stars Mathivanan Sakthivel , Melissa , Indira , Nizhalgal Ravi , Anupama Kumar and Meera Krishnan . The film features music composed by Pavalar Shiva , and editing by Suresh Urs . The film was predominately filmed in Australia with local Australian cast . The film released on 6 March 2015 in Tamil Nadu , Australia and England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5b91531bb6950d077e06a0641c6c826", "text": "Love Me Like You Mean It `` Love Me Like You Mean It '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country pop artist Kelsea Ballerini . Ballerini co-wrote the song with Josh Kerr , Forest Glen Whitehead and Lance Carpenter . It was released on July 8 , 2014 as Ballerini 's debut single and the lead single from her debut studio album , The First Time , released by Black River Entertainment on May 19 , 2015 . The song is about a young woman showing interest in a man . `` Love Me Like You Mean It '' peaked at number one on the Billboard Country Airplay chart , making Ballerini the first solo female to top that chart with her debut single since Carrie Underwood 's `` Jesus , Take the Wheel '' in 2006 and the first female country artist to accomplish that on an independent label . It also charted at numbers 5 and 45 on the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts , respectively . The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and has sold 596,000 units in the US as of May 2016 . It achieved similar chart success in Canada , peaking at number 3 on the Canada Country chart and number 61 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart . It garnered a Gold certification from Music Canada , denoting sales of 40,000 units in that country . The accompanying music video for the song , directed by Kristin Barlowe , was shot in Nashville and features Ballerini playing party games outside with her friends and performing throughout various locations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeae9a32656b3843d5450e9a0bd392ad", "text": "I (film) I ( also known as Shankar 's I ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Shankar and co-written by Subha . Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company , Aascar Films , the film features Vikram and Amy Jackson in lead roles while Suresh Gopi , Upen Patel , Santhanam and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles . The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman . Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj . P. C. Sreeram was the film 's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony . The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures . Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film . Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012 . The filming lasted for two years and eight months , during which shooting was done extensively in China . Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai , Bangkok , Jodhpur , Kodaikanal , Pollachi , Bangalore and Mysore . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the Tamil version . The film , released on Pongal 2015 , tells the story of a body builder turned supermodel , played by Vikram , who after being deformed , exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament . Critics praised Vikram 's performance , the technical aspects of the film - especially the costume design and makeup , and A.R. Rahman 's soundtrack and score but criticised the ` wafer-thin ' writing and screenplay and the film 's excessive length ( 188 minutes ) . However , the film was a commercial success , grossing worldwide , becoming the fourth-highest grossing Tamil film and Vikram 's highest-grossing film at the time . Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Tamil for the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895d503e29519e393bcae7d49d9a4e29", "text": "Mina (singer) Anna Maria Quaini ( born 25 March 1940 ) , known as Mina Mazzini or simply Mina , is an Italian singer . She was a staple of television variety shows and a dominant figure in Italian pop music from the 1960s to the mid-1970s , known for her three-octave vocal range , the agility of her soprano voice , and her image as an emancipated woman . In performance , Mina combined several modern styles with traditional Italian melodies and swing music , which made her the most versatile pop singer in Italian music . Mina dominated the country 's charts for fifteen years and reached an unsurpassed level of popularity . She has scored 79 albums and 71 singles on the Italian charts . Mina 's TV appearances in 1959 were the first for a female rock and roll singer in Italy . Her loud syncopated singing earned her the nickname Queen of Screamers . The public also labeled her the Tiger of Cremona for her wild gestures and body shakes . When she turned to light pop tunes , Mina 's chart-toppers in West Germany in 1962 and Japan in 1964 earned her the title of the best international artist in these countries . Mina 's more refined sensual manner was introduced in 1960 with Gino Paoli 's ballad `` This World We Love In '' , which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1961 . Mina was banned from TV and radio in 1963 because her pregnancy and relationship with a married actor did not accord with the dominant Catholic and bourgeois morals . After the ban , the public broadcasting service RAI tried to continue to prohibit her songs , which were forthright in dealing with subjects such as religion , smoking and sex . Mina 's cool act combined sex appeal with public smoking , dyed blonde hair , and shaved eyebrows to create a `` bad girl '' image . Mina 's voice has distinctive timbre and great power . Her main themes are anguished love stories performed in high dramatic tones . The singer combined classic Italian pop with elements of blues , R&B and soul music during the late 1960s , especially when she worked in collaboration with the singer-songwriter Lucio Battisti . Top Italian songwriters created material with large vocal ranges and unusual chord progressions to showcase her singing skills , particularly `` Brava '' by Bruno Canfora ( 1965 ) and the pseudo-serial `` Se telefonando '' by Ennio Morricone ( 1966 ) . The latter song was covered by several performers abroad . Shirley Bassey carried Mina 's ballad `` Grande grande grande '' to charts in the U.S. , U.K. , and other English-speaking countries in 1973 . Mina 's easy listening duet `` Parole parole '' was turned into a worldwide hit by Dalida and Alain Delon in 1974 . Mina gave up public appearances in 1978 but has continued to release popular albums on a yearly basis to the present day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "455307644d810e0964255ef65290a590", "text": "Ur Cool `` Ur Cool '' is the debut single by Finnish singer Saara . It was released on 21 April 2015 through Capitol Records , while its lyric video was released on the same day . Upon its release the single reached number-one on the Finnish iTunes top singles list and Spotify Top 50 list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db08b8f64d1a14a8989ac5480451d2b7", "text": "Juicy Love (Happiness song) `` Juicy Love '' ( stylized as `` JUICY LOVE in digital formats ) is a song recorded by Japanese girl group Happiness , taken as the lead single from their second studio album , Girlz n ' Effect ( 2016 ) . It was released on May 28 , 2014 via Rhythm Zone and Avex Music Creative Inc. , and distributed in four physical formats -- two standard compact discs , music cards and a CD and DVD bundle -- and for digital consumption . The track was written and co-composed by Kanata Okajima , with additional music and production credits to Albi Albertsson and Patrick Hamilton ; co-production was handled by Exile 's Hiro . Musically , it is a dance-pop song that incorporates synthesizers and keyboards within its instrumentation . Although members Karen Fujii and Ruri Kawamoto provide vocals throughout the composition , the remaining five girls sing background vocals through the songs chorus . Lyrically , the song focuses of themes of enjoyment and love . Upon its release , `` Juicy Love '' received favorable reviews from music critics , with compliments aimed towards its dance nature and noted the creative progression since member Miyuu took over leadership of the group . Commercially , `` Juicy Love '' experienced moderate success in Japan , reaching the top 10 on both the Oricon Singles Chart and Japan Hot 100 . By June 2014 , the single sold over 30,000 units as reported by Oricon . An accompanying music video was published on the Avex Trax YouTube channel , depicting them in three rooms that focus on different fashion styles . In order to promote the track , Happiness performed `` Juicy Love '' on several television and live shows , and was subsequently used as the ending theme song to Nippon TV 's Pon ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64347edd6e17c0c1a1bebdba03687883", "text": "Love Exchange (film) Love Exchange is an Indian 2015 Bollywood romantic comedy film directed by Raj V Shetty and produced by Nadia Ali Shirazi under the Winds of Change Entertainment banner . The film was released on 30 October 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3b8f5547d96a49dce63a30c4af5ded2", "text": "Black Heart (Stooshe song) `` Black Heart '' is a song by British girl group Stooshe , taken from their debut album London with the Lights On ( 2013 ) . Produced and written by Future Cut in collaboration with Jo Perry and Shaznay Lewis , it was released as the album 's second official single by Warner Music UK from 15 June 2012 . `` Black Heart '' is a ballad with a `` Motown-esque '' feel about it . Group member Courtney Rumbold revealed the song showcases Stooshe 's different range , tones and styles . The lyrics to `` Black Heart '' talk of the issues of being in a relationship with a cheating lover . The cover art for `` Black Heart '' was released on 17 May . It depicts the girls in illustrated outfits and Jenny Mensah of 4Music called it `` loud , bright and colourful '' . Critical reception of the song has been generally positive . Rhik Samadder from The Guardian called `` Black Heart '' an `` homage to 60s girl group melodrama '' , while 4Music 's Nicolle Weeks branded it `` a classic tune to swoon to '' . The accompanying music video was directed by Matt Stawski and released on 29 April . It was shot in Los Angeles using vintage cameras and the setting uses a mixture of themes similar to those featured in the musicals Dreamgirls and Hairspray . The video depicts Stooshe as a girl group from the Sixties on the set of a television show . It shows band member Alexandra Buggs in a relationship with the host of the television show and him cheating on her with an assistant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5ec8e794f05af03bc294fccfceb36fa", "text": "2013 MAD Video Music Awards The 2013 MAD Video Music Awards will be the 10th award ceremony , hosted by Themis Georgantas and Mary Sinatsaki . They will take place on 25 June 2013 . The awards will broadcast from the Tae Kwon Do Stadium in Athens , honoring the best music videos and artists of the past year . The theme song , `` We Are Young '' , is performed by the Australian-Greek singer Vassy . The nominations were announced on 23 May 2013 by the presenter , Themis Georgantas . Vegas received five nominations , while Elena Paparizou , Sakis Rouvas , Michalis Hatzigiannis , Melisses and Demy received four . The song `` All the Time '' received three nominations , the most for any song . As every year there were thirty three categories with additionally , the top 50 category which was introduced for first time where the fans could vote their five favorite out of the fifty . Due to the celebration of the 10 years , the logo was selected through The Missing Logo , a contest where the fans could create their own logos . The winning logo was revealed on 1 May 2013 . Also there was another contest with the fifty best performances from the past awards and the people could vote for their favorites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "184583d30d461ac2c93e1363c1136e95", "text": "Number 1's (video) # 1 's is Mariah Carey 's sixth VHS/DVD release . A collection of the music videos of her U.S. number-one singles ( songs that reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 ) up to that time , the home video was originally released on VHS in December 7 , 1999 , while the DVD was released on February 1 , 2000 . A year before this , Carey had released a greatest hits compilation , # 1 's , which included her thirteen U.S. number-one singles up to that point . The DVD of the same name is based on that album , but by the time of its release , Carey had already scored a fourteenth U.S. number one , `` Heartbreaker '' , from her latest studio release Rainbow . Its music video and the video of its remix ( as a bonus track ) were thus included on the DVD . During the month of the DVD 's release , Carey had also earned her fifteenth number one single , `` Thank God I Found You '' . The DVD does not include the official music videos for `` Vision of Love '' , `` Love Takes Time '' , and `` Someday , '' as she admitted that she did not like some of her early music videos . They are replaced by live performances culled from previous DVD/video releases . # 1 's was re-released in 2008 as part of Mariah Carey : DVD Collection , a 2DVD set including also Fantasy : Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden . The video features a shortened version from the original , without the introductory sections per track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41513f677bcac879bb867756a53951da", "text": "I Did It, Mama! `` I Did It , Mama ! '' is a song recorded by Romanian singer-songwriter Alexandra Stan for her eponymous and second studio album , Alesta ( 2016 ) . Released on 27 November 2015 through Global Records as a single , the track was produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac and Marcel Botezan , and David Ciente . The writing process was handled by the latter three in collaboration with Stan , Eric Turner and Julimar Santos Oliveira Neponuceno . An europop , reggaeton , eurodance and dance-pop song incorporating Balcanic and ethnic influences , the record was described as resembling the lyrical message of Madonna 's `` Papa Do n't Preach '' . `` I Did It , Mama ! '' was met with negative to positive reviews , with music critics calling it `` an earworm '' and `` great '' , while others named it `` boring '' and unfriendly for radio airplay . An official music video for `` I Did It , Mama ! '' was shot by Bogdan Daragiu and uploaded in November 2015 onto YouTube in order to accompany the single 's release . The clip presents Stan being surrounded by different types of half-naked men , and aroused controversy for cut scenes where she is shown miming the sexual intercourse and oral sex with one of her background dancers . Commercially , the track peaked at number nine in Stan 's native country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbf372c7aee4de7098494a27a6ce3a41", "text": "Some Kind of Bliss `` Some Kind of Bliss '' is a song recorded by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue , for her sixth studio album Impossible Princess ( 1997 ) . The song was released as the lead single from the album on 8 September 1997 through BMG , Deconstruction and Mushroom . Minogue co-wrote the track with James Dean Bradfield and Sean More while Bradfield and Dave Eringa produced it . Backed by guitar and drum instruments , `` Some Kind of Bliss '' is a pop rock track in which Minogue sings about feeling happy while away from family and friends . Critical response to `` Some Kind of Bliss '' was mostly mixed ; earlier reviews were critical towards her image and sound transition to rock music , while retrospective reviews are positive towards her songwriting and sonic experimentation . `` Some Kind of Bliss '' performed relatively poorly on international charts peaking at number twenty-seven on the Australian Singles Chart , at 22 on the UK Singles Chart ( her first solo release to miss the UK Top 20 ) and reaching number 46 on the New Zealand Singles Chart . To promote `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , she performed the track on Top of the Pops , MTV Australia live and the Australian TV series Hey Hey It 's Saturday . It was later included on her 1998 concert tour Intimate and Live Tour . David Mould directed the music video to the single , featuring Minogue and actor Dexter Fletcher robbing a gas station . The song was later included in the track list of Minogue 's compilation albums including Confide in Me ( 2002 ) , Kylie Minogue : Artist Collection ( 2004 ) , and Confide in Me : The Irresistible Kylie ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed2b00a89253cf59316796bcd7b0d7c", "text": "About Love (2015 film) About Love ( Про любовь , Pro lyubov ) is a 2015 Russian romantic comedy . It was written by Anna Melikyan and Andrey Migachev directed by Melikyan . It won the Main Prize and the Prize of Film Distributors Jury at the Kinotavr film festival . It also was awarded at the Golden Eagle Awards as the Best Feature Film . A sequel was announced on the 30th of May , 2016 , in which John Malkovich will take part . It is set to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c966b3eae8093fd9529511d0eb5c6c6c", "text": "We Are Your Friends (song) `` We Are Your Friends '' is a song credited to Justice vs. Simian , and is French duo Justice 's remix of the track `` Never Be Alone '' by Simian . It was released as a single in 2006 . It reached number 20 in the UK Singles Chart . The song 's music video won the 2006 MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video . The presentation of the award was interrupted by Kanye West . Despite winning the award for Best Hip-Hop , Kanye West apparently was so disappointed at not winning for Best Video that he crashed the stage when the award was being presented to Justice vs. Simian for `` We Are Your Friends '' . In a tirade riddled with expletives , Kanye West said he should have won the prize for his video `` Touch the Sky '' , because it `` cost a million dollars , Pamela Anderson was in it . I was jumping across canyons . '' `` If I do n't win , the awards show loses credibility '' , West said . The 2015 film We Are Your Friends took its title from the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f58f3afdcd72f4f2a01738873dd4aa6", "text": "Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 Lithuania participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song `` This Time '' , written by Vytautas Bikus and Monika Liubinaitė . The song was performed by Monika Linkytė and Vaidas Baumila . Lithuanian broadcaster Lithuanian National Radio and Television ( LRT ) organised the national final `` Eurovizijos '' dainų konkurso nacionalinė atranka in order to select the Lithuanian entry for the 2015 contest in Vienna , Austria . The national selection involved artists competing independently from their songs with separate selections running concurrently to choose the winning artist and song . `` This Time '' was selected as the winning song from a field of twelve competing songs . Three artists qualified to perform the winning song in the final round of the selection : Mia , Monika Linkytė and Vaidas Baumila . While Monika Linkytė and Vaidas Baumila entered the competition performing as solo acts , they joined forces as a duet for the final artist selection and were subsequently selected as the performers for `` This Time '' . In the second of the Eurovision semi-finals `` This Time '' placed seventh out of the 17 participating countries , securing its place among the 27 other songs in the final . In Lithuania 's sixteenth Eurovision appearance on 23 May , `` This Time '' finished in eighteenth place , receiving 30 points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7475f1c1c3e14ca163f5e98378ca4a17", "text": "The Haters (2015 film) The Haters is an upcoming Armenian teen comedy-drama film directed by Annie Amirjanian and produced by Buddy Pictures . It will star Elmira Harutyunyan , Mary Stepanyan and Marianna Mkhchyan . The film is written by Annie Amirjanian and Elmira Harutyunyan . It is set to be released on August 1 , 2015 by Buddy Pictures . Annie Amirjanian and Elmira Harutyunyan are the co-authors of the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f025a304edf13b9a421fd2a3de645928", "text": "Crystal Sky Crystal Sky is the fourth studio album by German recording artist Lena Meyer-Landrut . It was released on digital retailers on May 15 , 2015 via We Love Music and Universal Music . The album includes productions by Biffco and Beatgees . The sound is described as electronic sounds with pop influences . The lead single `` Traffic Lights '' was released in native Germany and across Europe on May 1 , 2015 . Crystal Sky peaked number 2 in the German Album Chart .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bb93f77bb560ad329dc3c80c7d9434ee", "text": "The Last House on the Left (2009 film) The Last House on the Left is a 2009 American horror film directed by Dennis Iliadis and written by Carl Ellsworth and Adam Alleca . It is a remake of the 1972 film of the same name , and stars Tony Goldwyn , Monica Potter , Garret Dillahunt , Spencer Treat Clark , Martha MacIsaac and Sara Paxton . The film follows the parents ( Goldwyn and Potter ) of Mari Collingwood ( Paxton ) , who attempt to get revenge on a group of strangers , led by a man named Krug ( Dillahunt ) , that have taken shelter at their home during a thunderstorm . The film rights were picked up by Rogue Pictures in 2006 , with the remake being the first film produced by Wes Craven 's new production studio Midnight Pictures . Craven , who wrote and directed the 1972 original , was interested to see what kind of film could be produced on a large budget , as the limited funds in 1972 forced him to eliminate scenes he had wanted to film to tell a complete story . Alleca 's original script included elements of the supernatural , which prompted the studio to reject it and bring in Ellsworth to perform a rewrite . One of the elements director Iliadis wanted to avoid with this film , given its graphic nature , was turning it into torture porn -- a subgenre of horror popularized by the Saw franchise . For Craven and Iliadis , The Last House on the Left primarily illustrates how even the most normal of families can be driven to evil acts if pushed too far . The film was released on March 13 , 2009 , and took the top spot away from Watchmen with $ 5.6 million in weekend revenue . The Last House on the Left was met with mixed reviews from critics . Audience opinion ranked the film at a `` B '' level , from a scale of `` A to F '' ; the film would ultimately gross $ 45,286,228 worldwide .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c18f449f7f8ccabbd3d5d8c207d5ed80", "text": "The House on the Edge of the Park The House on the Edge of the Park ( La casa sperduta nel parco ) is a 1980 English-language Italian exploitation horror film written by Gianfranco Clerici and Vincenzo Mannino , and directed by Ruggero Deodato . It stars David A. Hess ( from Wes Craven 's The Last House on the Left , playing a similar character ) , and Giovanni Lombardo Radice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c43d3fdc907ed384f2fd3060f07716", "text": "Last Words (film) Last Words ( Letzte Worte ) is a 1968 short film by Werner Herzog shot in Crete and on the island of Spinalonga . The film was shot in two days during the filming of Herzog 's feature Signs of Life , and edited in one day . The film tells a story of the last man to leave the abandoned island of Spinalonga , which had been used as a leper colony . The man refused to leave , and so was forcibly removed . He now lives in Crete , where he plays the lyre at nights in a bar , and refuses to speak . The film 's narrative style is very unconventional , with most characters speaking their lines several times repeatedly in long takes . The man from the island has the most spoken lines of any character , as he repeatedly explains that he refuses to speak , even a single word .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "660b05f4686e89e08fd84764e87f6871", "text": "The Last (album) The Last is the fifth and final studio album by the Bachata group Aventura , released on June 9 , 2009 . In the `` Intro '' of this album , Anthony Santos states that this could possibly be their last album ; his prediction came true in July 2011 when the group publicly confirmed it was breaking up for good . The Last became the top selling Latin album of 2009 . The Last spent 23 weeks at number one in the Latin Billboard chart . The Last debuted at number 5 in the Billboard chart and number 1 in the Latin Billboard chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f07e0130a8a47f6c2214243e704560a", "text": "The Left was Never Right The Left was Never Right was a book published in June 1945 by Quintin Hogg , the Conservative MP for Oxford , which examined the speeches and policies of politicians from the Labour Party and the Liberal Party concerning armaments and appeasement . These were contrasted to quotes by Conservative MPs such as Winston Churchill and Sir Austen Chamberlain supporting British rearmament and against appeasement of Germany . The books dust-jacket quoted Jesus ' remark : `` Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee '' from Luke 19:22 . Hogg stated that the Gollancz books were `` morally wicked , unpatriotic and factually incorrect . The Left Was Never Right was an attempt to set the record straight and to establish that unpreparedness before the war was largely the consequence of the policies of the parties of the Left '' . It was the only book published which specifically countered Gollancz publications such as Guilty Men . In his memoirs , Hogg wrote that although the book was `` a success ... it was too little too late to counteract the impression made by the earlier Gollancz publications '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e6af276d989df1902498004af3de67e", "text": "Leaving the End Open Leaving the End Open is the third studio album by the American rock group Hardline . This is their first album since 2002 's II . The new line up for the album features two new band members , Jamie Brown on bass guitar and Atma Anur on drums . The album was released on April 17 , 2009 in the UK and it was released in the USA on May 2 , 2009 . The album was called ` Just Add Water ' when it was in the works for seven years , beginning in 2004 , but Johnny Gioeli gave the title tentatively while planning a different title . During early development in 2004 , Rudy Sarzo was slated to record bass , as suggested by Michael T. Ross , but was unable to contribute due to a busy schedule consisting our touring with Yngwie Malmsteen and Ronnie James Dio . Joey Gioeli had also planned to contribute lyrics and rhythm guitar , but seemingly retired from the music industry to manage the Gioeli brothers ' companies full-time . Leaving the End Open is the last of Hardline 's albums produced by veteran studio man Bob Burch , as well as featuring keyboardist Michael T. Ross . Japanese guitarist and video game musician Jun Senoue ( from the band Crush 40 , which also features Gioeli on vocals ) is listed as a special guest in the song `` Before This '' . He is credited for the guitar solo . A Japanese bonus edition of the album was released and it contains a remix of the song `` She Sleeps in Madness '' . Eight known songs were to be included on the album , as revealed in 2006 : `` My Heart , '' `` Hold On , '' a demo originally recorded by Hardline 's predecessor , Brunette , `` Hole in My Head , '' `` Save Me , '' `` Falling Rain , '' `` Looking at the World , '' `` I Surrender , '' and `` What If . '' `` Hole In My Head '' is the only aforementioned song that is confirmed to have been included on the final release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab861f18fd8a4876497b8a0f81ea8cf6", "text": "On This Day In History On This Day In History was a feature on the BBC Radio 1 breakfast show in the UK between 1988 and 1993 . It was devised by the programme 's presenter at the time , Simon Mayo . Mayo , a history graduate from University of Warwick , used the day 's date each morning to regurgitate historical anniversaries and events which had happened on that date in years passed . As a quirk , he would often add a mildly cynical punchline to each of the stories he recounted , and then would get his `` crew '' ( female co-host , newsreader and producer ) each to guess the age of living celebrities who were born on that day . A tie-in book of the same title was published in later years , with much advertisement by the BBC , initially just to give away on the show to a daily winner who rang in with the correct answer to a question posed by Mayo about a specific person or event of relevance to that date . Perhaps the most famous part of the feature was the music used to soundtrack it ; a looped instrumental version of the George Michael hit I Want Your Sex ; the full version of which had been banned from broadcast by Radio 1 when it was released in 1987 . The feature ended when Mayo left the breakfast show , although when he switched to the mid-morning programme , he revived it in part with a spot called Dead Or Alive ? , where he would ask listeners whether celebrities or known figures born on the date in question were still living or not . Mayo now works for BBC Radio 2 and BBC Radio Five Live and no longer does any features which show off his passion for history . However , the feature is a regular on Chris Evans ' Radio 2 breakfast show , with a celebrity guest reading events that happened on that particular day in history . The last fact is nearly always music related and directly links into the next song played on the show . The feature is also often heard in one form or another on many commercial radio stations . Category : BBC Radio 1 programmes", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d543c310f9723a714962333fc347ee14", "text": "No More Apologies No More Apologies is the fifth album from Irish rock band A House . Released in 1996 , it was A House 's final studio album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57f0b34f97713549215a9773a9d3d2d1", "text": "Hidden track In the field of recorded music , a hidden track ( sometimes called a secret track or ghost track ) is a piece of music that has been placed on a CD , audio cassette , LP record or other recorded medium in such a way as to avoid detection by the casual listener . In some cases , the piece of music may simply have been left off the track listing , while in other cases more elaborate methods are used . In rare cases a `` hidden track '' is actually the result of an error that occurred during the mastering stage of the record 's production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd7b2d8ebcd3fb1893a722accac34f7", "text": "Last Farewell Last Farewell may refer to : `` Last Farewell '' , a song by the American folk band The New Christy Minstrels , from their 1963 album Ramblin `` Last Farewell '' , a song by the British psychedelic rock band Kula Shaker , from their 1999 album Peasants , Pigs & Astronauts `` Last Farewell '' , a song by the South Korean pop band Big Bang , from their 2007 extended play Hot Issue `` The Last Farewell '' , a hit song by the British-Kenyan folk singer Roger Whittaker , from multiple album releases Little House : The Last Farewell , a 1984 made-for-TV movie that aired after the original run of the drama series Little House on the Prairie `` Mi último adiós '' ( Spanish for `` My last farewell '' ) , an 1896 poem by the Filipino nationalist Jose Rizal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2ac6378618caca9bd38674f9e90bba", "text": "Dream House (HGTV) Dream House is a show on HGTV produced by High Noon Entertainment in the United States . Each season follows one person , couple , or family as they complete a new build or renovate an existing home , to obtain their dream house . Past seasons have featured thirteen 30-minute episodes , but the most recent seasons have only eight 30-minute episodes . The show is filmed in a semi-documentary style , with the camera crew acting only as an observer and unseen host Jose Marrero providing voice over comments . Each season covers many aspects of building a house , including laying the foundation , weather delays , tackling restrictive terrain , dealing with permits , putting on the finishing touches , budgetary issues , and arguments between the homeowners and contractors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a455d6c421a411fed7471dbfe87d834", "text": "The Kitchen Tapes (Weezer album) The Kitchen Tape is a demo tape by Weezer . It was recorded on August 1 , 1992 , prior to the band 's signing with Geffen Records . Although the band had recorded some demos before , these were the band 's most serious attempt at the time . According to Karl Koch , the band 's webmaster and historian , the purpose of the tape was '' ... to get shows and also try to make an impression . There were no aspirations yet to try to generate real label interest , but the concept of ` creating a buzz ' was being thrown around . '' The demos were recorded using frontman Rivers Cuomo 's 8-track tape recorder , in a rented garage next to the `` Amherst House '' , where Weezer rehearsed at that time . The name of the tape comes from the fact that the drums were recorded in a kitchen , where the band members felt that they sounded the best . Bootlegs of this demo have surfaced . However , they only feature five of the eight songs . One of the songs that does n't appear on the bootleg , `` Undone - The Sweater Song '' , along with one that does , `` Only in Dreams '' , was released officially on the Blue Album Deluxe Edition Bonus Disc , Dusty Gems and Raw Nuggets . The Kitchen Tape version of `` Say It Ai n't So '' and `` The World Has Turned and Left Me Here '' have not been bootlegged or officially released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f1fbd6e3cd809d128153adb88afd49", "text": "Unknown Road Unknown Road is the second album by Pennywise , released on August 17 , 1993 through Epitaph Records . After frontman Jim Lindberg briefly left the band during touring in support of its previous album , Pennywise ( 1991 ) , Pennywise began the recording sessions for their second album . Released a year before the success of punk rock in California , Unknown Road gained Pennywise supporting slots on national and world tours with bands such as The Offspring ( who was just about to hit the mainstream with then-new album Smash ) . Some archived footage of the Unknown Road tour dates can be seen on the band 's 1995 documentary Home Movies . Like their self-titled debut album Pennywise , Unknown Road failed to chart in Billboard magazine . This would be Pennywise 's last uncharted album to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c47216fc4c179ec863cc6f73952868", "text": "Not as We `` Not as We '' is a song from Alanis Morissette 's seventh studio album , Flavors of Entanglement . It premiered on House MD when Dr.House contemplates after-life in Season 4 Episode 3 - 97 Seconds `` Not as We '' was remixed and released as the second single from Flavors of Entanglement in North America , while `` In Praise of the Vulnerable Man '' was released as the second single in Europe . The single was released to radio on October 13 , 2008 . On November 25 , 2008 the Not as We ( Remixes ) EP was released in Canada . The EP includes the radio edit and six other remixes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ec0a9ea1dc305b8ab98bad55166f5ab", "text": "List of albums containing a hidden track: C This list contains the names of albums that contain a hidden track and also information on how to find them . Not all printings of an album contain the same track arrangements , so some copies of a particular album may not have the hidden track ( s ) listed below . Some of these tracks may be hidden in the pregap , and some hidden simply as a track following the listed tracks . The list is ordered by artist name using the surname where appropriate . C-Murder , Tru Dawgs : A song called `` Betya , '' begins a few seconds after `` How A Thug Nigga Like It '' fades out . Cage the Elephant , Thank You , Happy Birthday : An alternative version of `` Right Before My Eyes '' starting around 3:49 of `` Flow '' John Cale : Paris 1919 ( 2006 rerelease ) : An unlisted instrumental version of `` Macbeth '' HoboSapiens : `` Set Me Free '' in the pregap before track 1 Calexico : Feast of Wire : Rewind from first track to find instrumental track , title unknown Camouflage : Sensor - `` Sensor Intro '' - ( 0:35 ) - just some noises Camouflage : Relocated - `` Relocated Intro '' - ( 1:21 ) - based on track `` Bitter Taste '' with words `` I 've got a name for you ... Relocated '' Candy Coated Brick : Slow Children Playing - Five hidden tracks following track 16 : `` Flaming Ott Surprise '' , `` Waltz of the Circus Peanuts '' , `` Tojo 's Theme '' , `` Jimmy with Cold '' , and `` The Rev. Charles T. Wilson Family Singers '' Cardiacs -- Sing to God : After a short silence following the last track , a brief quiet bell jingle plays . Vanessa Carlton : `` The Wreckage '' : from the album Harmonium Carnival Art : Welcome to Vas Llegas The first track is not listen on the album sleeve and a song called The Pussycat song fades in where Pill Bugg ends . A sudden barking of a dog can be heard after the end of the album Heroes And Thieves Pelle Carlberg : `` Hit Song '' : appears after brief silence on the final track of his album , In a Nutshell Aaron Carter , Another Earthquake : `` Sugar '' following `` Keep Believing . '' `` Sugar '' is followed by Aaron thanking the listeners for buying the album , then introduces three clips of songs from his brother Nick 's solo album , Now or Never . Cast All Change : On track 12 `` Two of a Kind , '' at approximately 23:30 , the isolated violin from Walkaway plays . Mother Nature Calls : On track 11 `` Dance of the Stars , '' at 19:27 a piano plays . Magic Hour : On track 12 , `` Hideaway , '' at 19:43 , the complete orchestral arrangement ( Instrumental ) from the track Alien The Cat Empire , Two Shoes : a hidden song `` 1001 '' plays at 5:37 on the final track Catalepsy : Bleed : The album contains an unlisted 11th track after the final track `` Vexation , '' titled `` Remix , '' which is a dubstep remix of the song `` Goliath , '' which also appears on the album . Catatonia , Way Beyond Blue : `` Gyda Gwên , '' a song in Welsh ( the rest of the album is in English ) , begins at 10:39 of `` Way Beyond Blue '' ( though from 9:37 , unrehearsed voices and noises from the studio can be heard ) . The song is unlisted , but lyrics appear in the liner notes . Catch 22 : Alone in a Crowd : Track number 22 is an untitled hidden song . Washed Up ! : After the 4th track , there are some hidden live songs , which cut off abruptly after a while . Cave In : Beyond Hypothermia : At the end of the tenth track there is a long silence followed by an additional few minutes of music . Tides of Tomorrow EP : `` Dark Driving ( demo ) '' Kasey Chambers , Rattlin ' Bones : The song `` No Depression '' is the hidden track on `` Woe Is Mine . '' Chance the Rapper , Acid Rap : `` Paranoia '' is the hidden track on `` Pusha Man . '' Tracy Chapman , New Beginning : `` Save a Space for Me '' ( end of the album ) . Found at the 5:19 mark of `` I 'm Ready '' on the CD . Chase Rice : Dirt Road Communion : `` Kiss My Ass '' can be found after about 40 seconds of silence after the end of the song , `` Happy Hour ( Worktape ) '' The Chemical Brothers , Surrender : Shortly after the last track , `` Dream On , '' is an instrumental reprise of that same song . Cherry Poppin ' Daddies , Zoot Suit Riot : After a long period of silence from the last track , a Spanish version of `` Zoot Suit Riot '' plays . Children of Bodom : Something Wild : The last track , `` Touch Like Angel of Death '' contains a short keyboard instrumental after several minutes of silence . This track called the `` Coda '' . After this track starts `` Bruno the Pig '' . Hate Crew Deathroll : Final track `` Hate Crew Deathroll '' is only 3:36 , but if the listener increases the volume for the remaining 3 minutes and 2 seconds at the end of the track , the band can be heard having a lively conversation in their native tongue of Finnish . Circa Survive , Juturna : `` House of Leaves '' begins at around 8:55 of `` Meet Me in Montauk , '' after the period of silence following the end of the first part of the song which ends at 1:56 . Cirith Gorgor : Unveiling the Essence : Cover of Darkthrone 's `` In The Shadow of the Horns '' on track 0 . Running time of roughly 5:40 CKY , Volume 1 : `` Rio Bravo Reprise '' begins at 4:33 of `` To All of You '' and ends at 5:31 . There follows a barely audible 32 Hz rumble before `` Halfway House '' begins at 19:37 . Gilby Clarke , Swag : The song `` Do n't Lynch The Blacks '' is at the end of the album . Kelly Clarkson , My December : The hidden track `` Chivas '' plays one minute after the final track `` Irvine '' at the 5:18 mark The Clash : Clash on Broadway : hidden track on CD3 - `` The Street Parade '' ( originally issued on `` Sandinista ! ) '' London Calling : `` Train in Vain ( Stand by Me ) '' ` was originally unlisted ' Sandinista ! : Reprise of `` The Guns of Brixton '' at the end of side 4 ( or , disc 2 track 6 on the CD ) Clearlake , Cedars : A track of instrumental , ambient music appears if you rewind from track 1 . Clinic , Bubblegum : untitled instrumental hidden in pregap Cloud Cult , Advice from the Happy Hippopotamus : track number 25 is an unlisted song called `` Bobby 's Spacesuit '' Clumpy Bogg , Steamer ( album ) : Untitled montage of studio banter and short session jam of opening track Clumpy Time exists in the pregap before track 1 . Additionally an unlisted rehearsal appears following the synchronised toilet flushes following track 10 , the unlisted rehearsal itself spans 59 tracks of around 5 seconds each to accommodate drummer Forest Clump 's wishes that the number 69 show in CD players as a visual analogy of pigs tails . Clutch , The Elephant Riders : Each copy of the album contains one of the following hidden songs , which is on the same track as `` Dragonfly . '' `` David Rose '' `` Gifted & Talented '' or `` 05 . '' The Japanese version of the album , however , contains all three bonus tracks . Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers : `` Americano ! '' Contains two tracks , the first is silence and the second is the song `` A Little Hungover You '' Jarvis Cocker , Jarvis : `` Running The World '' begins at 29:36 of final track CocoRosie , Tales of a Grass Widow : `` Devil 's Island '' begins at 13:38 of `` Poison '' Coheed and Cambria : The Second Stage Turbine Blade : `` IRO-Bot '' at the end of the album In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth : 3 : `` 2113 '' at track 23 Good Apollo , I 'm Burning Star IV , Volume One : From Fear Through the Eyes of Madness : `` Bron-Y-Aur '' at the end of the album Good Apollo , I 'm Burning Star IV , Volume Two : No World For Tomorrow : At the end of the last track `` The End Complete V : On The Brink '' there is a reference to `` The Willing Well IV , The Final Cut '' intro guitar riff after several seconds of silence along with some solos . Year of the Black Rainbow : The title track cuts very abruptly , and after ten seconds of silence , a creepy reprise of `` One '' fades in with more mechanical noise , and before the fade-out occurs , a man laughing maniacally can be heard . Cold , Year of the Spider : `` Gone Away '' at 16:12 of the track , `` Kill The Music Industry '' Cold Chisel , The Last Wave of Summer : After the title track , is the hidden track called `` Once around the Sun '' . Cold War Kids , Robbers and Cowards : `` Sermon vs. the Gospel '' begins at 7:20 of the final track Coldplay : Parachutes : `` Life is for Living '' begins at 5:39 of the final track `` Everything 's Not Lost '' X&Y : `` Til Kingdom Come '' at the end of the album ; this was hidden , but frequently mentioned in interviews with the band promoting X&Y Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends : `` Chinese Sleep Chant '' begins at 4:05 of `` Yes '' and `` The Escapist '' begins at 3:30 of `` Death and All His Friends '' Mylo Xyloto : Though not strictly a hidden track , `` I Go to Rio '' ( a song Peter Allen ) is sampled in the song `` Every Teardrop is a Waterfall . '' There is also a hidden track two minutes exactly into `` UFO . '' The actual song `` UFO '' finishes at 1:55 but the hidden track begins at 2:00 , and it an atmospheric sound that suddenly stops after around 15 seconds , with a segue into `` Princess of China . '' Coldplay Live 2012 : `` Akio '' was appeared in the track `` Intermission 3 '' , `` Akio '' was an instrumental rework of `` Major Minus '' , from the Mylo Xyloto album . Ghost Stories : After a few minutes of silence after `` O '' , the hidden track `` Fly On '' starts at the 6:18 mark . On the Target deluxe edition , the silence is cut short because there are bonus tracks at the end of the album , making `` O '' 5:23 . A Head Full of Dreams : `` X Marks the Spot '' begins at 3:25 of `` Army of One '' Collective Soul 's song `` She Said '' was the hidden track on their fourth album Dosage , but was later released on their greatest hits collection , 7even Year Itch , as a self-contained track , rather than sharing a track with another song . Edwyn Collins , Gorgeous George : `` Moron '' Track 12 at end of album Phil Collins , Face Value : `` Over The Rainbow '' can be heard if you turn up the volume at 4:14 on the final track `` Tomorrow Never Knows . '' Commix : Call To Mind : `` Satellite Song '' ( Underground Resistance Remix ) follows shortly after `` Strictly . '' Consortium of Genius : Free Brains and Dead Bodies : `` You 're Still Listening ? '' is heard following a period of silence after Track 27 , `` Secret Backwards Message . '' The Contortionist : Apparition : The final track `` Predator '' is 11:42 long , with the actual song lasting until 5:24 , followed by silence until 10:06 , where a guitar solo is played until the end . William Control The last song of Hate Culture , London Town features recorded 911 call that starts playing a few minutes after it ends . The authenticity has been debated . Jesse Cook , Vertigo : Track 10 , a cover of Sting 's song `` Fragile '' featuring guest vocalist Holly Cole , is followed by an extended jam session that the album 's liner notes calls `` Wednesday Night at Etric 's '' ( probably referring to former Alta Moda bassist Etric Lyons , who performs with Cook on this album ) . Cool for August , Grand World : Unlisted track `` Spinning '' hidden at the end of the album . Alice Cooper , Dirty Diamonds : A new song , likely called `` The Sharpest Pain '' , appears after the final ( bonus ) track , `` Stand '' . Copeland : Know Nothing Stays the Same ( 2004 ) : Track 73 is a remix of the band 's cover of Billy Joel 's `` She 's Always A Woman To Me . '' Dressed Up & In Line ( 2007 ) : After about 15 minutes of silence in the last track , an outtake of the band 's cover of grunge band Soundgarden 's single `` Black Hole Sun . '' Imani Coppola , Chupacabra ( album ) : `` My Day ( At the Ocean ) , '' roughly sixteen minutes after track 11 `` La Da Da . '' Cormega The Realness : Fallen Soldiers ( Remix ) is followed by Killaz Theme featuring Havoc of Mobb Deep . The song was later put Cormega 's the Testament ( album ) Chris Cornell , Scream : After a period of silence on the last track , `` Watch Out , '' a blues song called `` Two Drink Minimum '' begins . Counting Crows : Across a Wire : Live in New York City : Unlisted track `` Chelsea '' after a lengthy pregap . This Desert Life : `` Kid Things '' at the end of the album Hard Candy : `` Big Yellow Taxi '' ( on the original release ) Wayne County & the Electric Chairs : Storm the Gates of Heaven : The album opens with an unlisted cover of the traditional folk tune `` The Hearse Song , '' which is included on the same track as the title song . Course of Empire , Initiation : `` Running Man '' hidden in the pregap , and `` The Gate / Tomorrow '' after track 10 ( it also sounds differently when played in mono ) Graham Coxon , The Sky Is Too High : Between tracks 10 and 11 on the back cover is a song titled '' ( pause ) , '' which has been scribbled out , making it unreadable to some . On the album though , it does not appear , making it the opposite of a hidden track . A similar thing happened to a song called `` DUI '' on Green Day 's album Shenanigans . However , there is a seven second silent pregap between tracks 10 and 11 and this could have been the intended '' ( pause ) '' . Cracker : Gentleman 's Blues : `` 1-202-456-1414 '' ( the touch-tone phone tone for the White House ) at track 18 ; `` 1-202-514-8688 '' ( phone tone for The Justice Department ) at track 20 ; `` 1-310-289-4459 '' ( phone tone for Beverly Hills psychotherapist Julia Kantor ) at track 22 , and ; `` Cinderella '' at track 24 Kerosene Hat : `` Eurotrash Girl , '' `` I Ride My Bike , '' and `` Kerosene Hat rehearsal '' at tracks 69 , 88 and 99 respectively Cradle of Filth The Principle of Evil Made Flesh : Track 13 `` Imperium Tenebrarum '' -- 0:49 Crashdog : The Pursuit of Happiness : `` Love Is Costly And Words Are Cheap '' on Track 13 Crazy Town : The Gift of Game : at track number 32 there is a man ( who sounds like Matt Pinfield ) raving about how good Crazy Town is . Darkhorse : there are two hidden tracks : `` You 're the One , '' which is on track 23 after twenty-three seconds of silence and `` Them Days '' at track 32 . Crass : On Penis Envy there is an unlisted track at the end of the album on CD and vinyl which is their flexi-disk release of `` My Wedding '' as attached the Bride Magazine . Creed : Human Clay The Australian release of the album had a bonus track called `` Young Grow Old '' and starts after 14 additional seconds of silence at the end of the previous track `` Inside Us All '' to give the effect of a hidden track . Criteria , En Garde ( 2003 ) - rewind from track 1 into negative timing , features a song by Team Rigge Crocodile Shop , Beneath ( 1996 ) - A remix of the song `` Right Thru You '' starts playing after approximately 2 minutes of silence following the final track `` Driver Down '' . David Cross , It 's Not Funny : Several minutes after the end of the last track is a brief section of Cross ' standup show , evidently edited out of the rest of the performance , in which he recounts an encounter with Scott Stapp of Creed backstage on Celebrity Poker Showdown . On the vinyl edition , this track is only accessible ( at the end of side one ) by placing the needle at the end of the track . The needle will in effect be carried backwards toward the outer circle of the record . Sheryl Crow , The Globe Sessions ( 1998 ) : `` Subway Ride '' ( This hidden track follows a 38-second stretch of silence following the last song `` Crash and Burn . '' The hidden track is also available on the B-side of the single `` My Favorite Mistake , '' another track from The Globe Sessions . ) Crowded House , Woodface ( 1991 ) : `` I 'm Still Here '' ( This hidden track follows a long stretch of silence following the last song `` How Will You Go '' ) . The Crystal Method : Tweekend : `` Name of the Game -LSB- Original Version -RSB- '' ( Following a long stretch of silence at the end of the last track , `` Tough Guy . '' ) The Cult , Pure Cult : for Rockers , Ravers , Lovers , and Sinners ( 1993 ) : Although not a hidden track , an entire bonus disc is included in the album and remains completely unlisted on the artwork . Its track listing appears on the reverse back cover , of which the live disc faces . The live disc is called ` The Marquee ' and is split into two parts , with the parts on different discs , with only one part ( disc ) in an album , thus making it unknown which disc you are going to get . The Cure : Greatest Hits DVD ( 2001 ) : `` The Caterpillar , '' `` Pictures of You , '' and `` Close to Me ( Closest Mix ) '' all appear as easter egg-style hidden tracks . Three Imaginary Boys ( 1979 ) : `` Untitled '' a.k.a. `` The Weedy Burton '' ( Track 13 , the last track on the album ) . Curver : Haf : Additional unnamed song after long silence at end of track '' Í Fallinni Borg '' Cypress Hill : Cypress Hill ( album ) : There is a hidden reprise of `` Stoned Is The Way of the Walk , '' a couple seconds after `` Born To Get Busy '' fades out . III : Temples of Boom : An untitled instrumental song begins to play after `` No Rest for the Wicked '' Ends . Skull & Bones '' : A couple seconds after `` Stank Ass Hoe '' fades out , a very short untitled instrumental song starts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9e7c60c83501d1abbe9b61c332a6c4", "text": "The Last Dangerous Visions The Last Dangerous Visions is a mooted sequel to the science fiction short story anthologies Dangerous Visions and Again , Dangerous Visions , originally published in 1967 and 1972 respectively . Like the first two , it was scheduled to be edited by Harlan Ellison . The projected third collection was started but , controversially , is yet to be finished . It has become something of a legend in science fiction as the genre 's most famous unpublished book . It was originally announced for publication in 1973 , but other work demanded Ellison 's attention , and the anthology has not seen print to date . He has come under criticism for his treatment of some writers who submitted their stories to him , who some estimate to number nearly 150 . Many of these writers have since died . Various difficulties delayed publication many times . As recently as May 2007 , Ellison said he still wants to get the book out . British author Christopher Priest , whose story `` An Infinite Summer '' had been accepted for the collection , wrote a lengthy critique of Ellison 's failure to complete the LDV project . It was first published by Priest as a one-shot fanzine called The Last Deadloss Visions , a pun on the title of Priest 's own fanzine , Deadloss . It proved so popular that it had a total of three printings in the UK and later , in book form , as the 1995 Hugo Award nominated The Book on the Edge of Forever ( an allusion to Ellison 's Star Trek episode , `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' ) by American publisher Fantagraphics Books . The essay is available online at the Internet Archive mirror of the original site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f04928b1a2fcea8bb412d0a7f950d5e", "text": "Still at Large Still at Large is the third and final album released by Crime Boss . Following the release of his successful second album , Conflicts & Confusion , Crime Boss left Suave House Records and formed his own independent label called Crime Lab Records and released Still at Large through it . Though his previous two albums were produced by Suave House 's T-Mix , Crime Boss himself handled a majority of the album 's production . ' The album only peaked at 81 on the Billboard 's Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , becoming his only one to not make it to the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b126b10d8e6636644b13bda58c839404", "text": "Last Rights (album) Last Rights is the seventh studio by Canadian industrial band Skinny Puppy , released in 1992 . The album included a ballad ( `` Killing Game '' ) , a first for the group , as well as the dance-floor friendly track `` Inquisition '' , and dense sound sculptures like `` Download '' and `` Riverz End '' ( a joint remix of two tracks from the Rabies album , `` Rivers '' and `` Choralone '' ) . Amongst the numerous samples on the album , there are two taken from `` The White Album '' by The Beatles , with Revolution 9 and Helter Skelter featuring on `` Love in Vein '' and `` Inquistion '' respectively . Last Rights received generally favorable reviews from critics and was the first Skinny Puppy record to chart on the Billboard 200 . The album was supported by a tour , which would be Skinny Puppy 's last for over 12 years . This was Skinny Puppy 's last studio release for Nettwerk . In 1998 , Alternative Press named Last Rights as one of the best albums of the decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d54420e0943b7c2a94fb7c7a3beeaa7", "text": "Nobody's Perfect (Deep Purple album) Nobody 's Perfect is a live album released in 1988 by the British rock band Deep Purple . It was recorded during the tour in support of The House of Blue Light in 1987 in Europe and the US . The outer sleeve photography was designed by Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis . Track transitions are marked by fades . It also contains a new live in studio version of `` Hush '' to commemorate their 20th anniversary . `` Black Night '' was also re-recorded but never released . `` Hard Lovin ' Woman '' includes parts of `` Under the Gun '' during Blackmore 's guitar solo . `` Strange Kind of Woman '' includes the `` Superstar '' chorus from Jesus Christ Superstar . `` Woman from Tokyo '' changes into `` Everyday '' by Buddy Holly halfway through . The album represented Deep Purple 's setlist at the time , which consisted much of the typical Made in Japan set , combined with newer material from the 1984 reunion album Perfect Strangers and The House of Blue Light . Songs such as `` The Unwritten Law '' and `` Difficult to Cure '' ( which included an extended-riff from Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony , 4th Movement ) were played every night on the tour , but were not included on this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8aafc822e8ffcb25b67a01a007309bb0", "text": "Lowborn Lowborn ( stylized as lowborn ) is the seventh and final studio album by the American alternative rock band Anberlin . The album was scheduled for release on June 24 , 2014 , but was pushed back to July 22 , 2014 . This album was produced by the band . The album has been described by Stephen Christian as `` eclectic and chaotic , just like a good Anberlin record should be . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a3825cb3888b48c4137eec7b70aef7a", "text": "SIRIUS Left SIRIUS Left was Sirius Satellite Radio 's liberal talk channel . It featured personalities such as Lynn Samuels , Bill Press , Alex Bennett , Mike Malloy , Ed Schultz , Thom Hartmann and Mark Thompson . It was also one of the Sirius XM-owned channels to be exclusive to Sirius and not heard on XM ( along with SIRIUS Hits 1 . ) In June 2008 , Sirius Canada added the Sirius Left channel to its lineup . After the Sirius XM merger , the co-owned America Left channel on XM Satellite Radio did not join the Sirius roster when most of the lineups were combined on November 12 , 2008 . Likewise , SIRIUS Left did not join the XM lineup . Instead , both channels were added to the online streaming services , and were accessible to online subscribers of both services including the iPhone and BlackBerry apps . The two channels merged to become Sirius XM Left May 4 , 2011 . And that channel was renamed SiriusXM Progress on July 23 , 2014 . Thom Hartmann and Mark Thompson can still be heard on the channel , along with Stephanie Miller , Michelangelo Signorile and Ari Rabin Havt . Political analyst Andy Ostroy has criticized Sirius Left and liberal talk radio in general in The Huffington Post . Ostroy disliked Sirius Left 's three in-house hosts Alex Bennett , Lynn Samuels , and Mark Thompson . Bennett was described as `` an ungracefully-aging hippie himself , -LSB- who -RSB- offers up more gratuitous profanity than intellectual political thought '' ; Samuels on `` any random listen could be whining about anything meaningless '' ; while Thompson , although `` a smart , passionate guy , has a program so mellow in tone that it can literally put you to sleep . His voice is so smooth and jazzy that he 'd be much better off cuing up a Miles Davis album . '' Ostroy said that Sirius Left should have more `` ass-kickers '' on the network , like Randi Rhodes and Stephanie Miller .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb0b358072fd44f2bfc16c70075f1764", "text": "The Devils (film) The Devils is a 1971 British historical drama horror film directed by Ken Russell and starring Oliver Reed and Vanessa Redgrave . Russell 's screenplay is based partly on the 1952 book The Devils of Loudun by Aldous Huxley , and partly on the 1960 play The Devils by John Whiting , also based on Huxley 's book . The film is a dramatised historical account of the rise and fall of Urbain Grandier , a 17th-century Roman Catholic priest executed for witchcraft following the supposed possessions in Loudun , France . Reed plays Grandier in the film and Vanessa Redgrave plays a hunchbacked sexually repressed nun who finds herself inadvertently responsible for the accusations . The film faced harsh reaction from national film rating systems due to its disturbingly violent , sexual , and religious content , and originally received an X rating in both the United Kingdom and the United States . It was banned in several countries , and eventually heavily edited for release in others . The film has never received a release in its original , uncut form in various countries , and is largely unavailable in the home video market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63200f10928b0415da06e894be297782", "text": "Ken Russell Henry Kenneth Alfred `` Ken '' Russell ( 3 July 1927 -- 27 November 2011 ) was an English film director , known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style . Critics have accused him of being obsessed with sexuality and the Roman Catholic Church . His films in the main were liberal adaptations of existing texts , or biographies , notably of composers of the Romantic era . Russell began directing for the BBC , where he made creative adaptations of composers ' lives which were unusual for the time . He also directed many feature films independently and for studios . He is best known for his Oscar-winning films Women in Love ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Who 's Tommy ( 1975 ) , and the science fiction film Altered States ( 1980 ) . Russell also directed several films based on the lives of classical music composers , such as Elgar , Delius , Tchaikovsky , Mahler , and Liszt . Film critic Mark Kermode , speaking in 2006 , and attempting to sum up the director 's achievement , called Russell , `` somebody who proved that British cinema did n't have to be about kitchen-sink realism -- it could be every bit as flamboyant as Fellini . Later in his life he turned to making low-budget experimental films such as Lion 's Mouth and Revenge of the Elephant Man , and they are as edgy and ` out there ' as ever '' . Ken Russell died of natural causes on 27 November 2011 at the age of 84 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8142e789d62138adff79c31bb8e8ddf6", "text": "Castle of Evil Castle of Evil is a 1966 American horror film directed by Francis D. Lyon and written by Charles A. Wallace . The film stars Scott Brady , Virginia Mayo , David Brian , Lisa Gaye , Hugh Marlowe and William Thourlby . The film was released by World Entertainment Corp. in November 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79559f3c8bd76862ed7cd0cbc68dbf18", "text": "Reservoir Dogs (video game) Reservoir Dogs is a video game based on the Quentin Tarantino film of the same name . Released in 2006 , it garnered mostly mediocre reviews and caused minor controversies for its violence , being banned in Australia and New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b551170b99aa58efc6430b11c4c59403", "text": "Haunted House (video game) Haunted House is an Atari 2600 video game , first released in December 31 , 1981 , in which the player ( represented by a pair of eyes ) must navigate the haunted mansion of the late Zachary Graves to recover the three pieces of an urn . The game has been identified as one of the earliest examples of the survival horror genre by a GameSpy article .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5f79d06fb0537da9393ad1a0b138cd", "text": "Mystery and Imagination Mystery and Imagination is a British television anthology series of classic horror and supernatural dramas . Five series were broadcast from 1966 to 1970 by the ITV network and produced by ABC and ( later ) Thames Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81c0ae621f6a13feb38319a940f9c7ac", "text": "Frightmare (1974 film) Frightmare ( also known as Cover Up and Once Upon a Frightmare ) is a 1974 British horror film directed by Pete Walker and written by Pete Walker and David McGillivray . It starred Rupert Davies and Sheila Keith . The story focuses around Dorothy and Edmund Yates , who have recently been released from a mental asylum , and is one of Pete Walker 's most notable films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be", "text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7fe19ad2334a267b21b6eb585942c", "text": "Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald . Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour . As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) . Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2373cb93776491660715875288961fa1", "text": "Saw (video game) Saw , also known as Saw : The Video Game , is a survival horror video game that was developed by Zombie Studios and published by Konami . The game launched on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles , with a downloadable version released soon after for the Microsoft Windows platform . The game was first released on October 6 , 2009 , in North America and was released later that year in other regions . The Microsoft Windows version was released on October 22 , 2009 . Being a tie-in game of the Saw film series , the game is set between the first and second films . In Saw , The Jigsaw Killer has healed Detective David Tapp from his gunshot wound , and places him in an abandoned insane asylum to teach him a lesson in life appreciation . Obsessed , Tapp traverses the asylum and gathers clues along the way in hopes of finally apprehending Jigsaw . As he progresses through the asylum , he encounters several people with past and current connections to him , whom he must save . The asylum also has inhabitants who are in games of their own , ordered to kill Tapp . Along the way , Tapp uncovers the origins of Jigsaw and the motives behind his tests . The development team brought in the Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell to help with the storyline and create new trap designs exclusive to the game . Upon release , Saw received mixed reviews . It was praised for the storyline and multiple endings , as well as the immersive environment that is true to the Saw film series . The controls and combat system , however , were panned by critics . Since Konami purchased the publishing rights after former publisher Brash Entertainment went bankrupt , Konami had a significant input on the games ' final outcome . They stated that they had plans to make Saw their next big franchise as well as a spiritual successor to their other survival horror series , Silent Hill . A sequel , Saw II : Flesh & Blood , was released on multiple platforms on October 19 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b263e092d53861bfa8da55ec57837", "text": "Martin (1978 film) Martin is a 1978 American horror film written and directed by George A. Romero . Romero claims that Martin is the favorite of all his films . The film is also notable as the first collaboration between George Romero and special effects artist Tom Savini . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77f7a5b82f563a7af58b0c5cbd6b94cb", "text": "Pathfinders (TV series) Pathfinders ( 1972 -- 73 ) is a ITV drama set in the Second World War , telling the story of the fictitious Royal Air Force 192 Pathfinder squadron . The Pathfinders were specialised RAF squadrons that marked targets for the RAF 's heavy bombers . The series used radio controlled Avro Lancaster models for the flying scenes . The technical adviser for the series was Group Captain Hamish Mahaddie . The music was by Malcolm Lockyer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aab62f9b55921c58c859785fee903dfa", "text": "The Rats (novel) The Rats ( 1974 ) is a horror novel written by British writer James Herbert . This was Herbert 's first novel and included graphic depictions of death and mutilation . A film adaptation was made in 1982 , called Deadly Eyes . A 1985 adventure game for the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum based on the book was published by Hodder & Stoughton Ltd and produced by GXT ( Five Ways Software ) . The Rats was followed by two sequels , Lair and Domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d1061147008c828f1975ed0de70991", "text": "Rule of Rose Rule of Rose is a survival horror video game developed by Punchline for the PlayStation 2 . It was first released in 2006 by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan . After Sony Computer Entertainment 's American and European branch did not express interest in localizing the title , it was published later that year by Atlus USA in North America and by 505 Games in Europe . Set in England in 1930 , the plot revolves around a nineteen-year-old woman named Jennifer , who becomes trapped in a world ruled by young girls who have established a class hierarchy called the Red Crayon Aristocrats . Development on Rule of Rose began after Punchline was asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to make a horror game . Punchline wanted to develop a `` new type of horror game '' with an emphasis on psychological horror . This decision led to the concept of childhood , specifically the `` mysterious and misunderstood '' nature of young girls . The team drew inspiration from the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales for the narrative , and the Silent Hill series for graphics and art style . The entire score was produced by studio musicians in order to bring a human element to the game 's atmosphere . Rule of Rose received significant controversy before release due to its use of violence and implied sexuality among some of its underage , female characters . Various European authorities condemned the game and called for its banning . The game was cancelled in the United Kingdom , despite the Video Standards Council calling the complaints `` nonsense . '' Rule of Rose received mixed reviews from many publications ; reactions to the story , music , and horror elements were almost universally positive , while the gameplay was panned . The game has been compared to Silent Hill and Haunting Ground , due to the psychological horror used throughout and because the main character is accompanied by a canine companion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b73f0b448ba6ef24a13beb931754057", "text": "The Game (1984 film) The Game also known as The Cold is a low budget 1984 horror film directed by Bill Rebane . The film was made in Wisconsin and released theatrically by Trans World Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a7c94219e19a25f8477d6bb56074f1d", "text": "Steve Russell (computer scientist) Steve `` Slug '' Russell ( born 1937 ) is an American computer scientist most famous for creating Spacewar ! , one of the earliest video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466fa179779d944bc01227d49545b4aa", "text": "Macbeth (1971 film) Macbeth ( or The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a 1971 British-American historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan . A film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name , it retells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder . The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth , noted for their relative youth as actors . Themes of historic recurrence , greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare 's story of moral decline , which is presented in a more realistic style . The production , funded by Playboy Enterprises , was troubled by poor weather around the British Isles , and the film was a box office bomb . Polanski 's Macbeth was screened out of competition at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . It was somewhat controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity , but has also received positive attention , and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97b1b6e75da13c85f54f423f510d98a2", "text": "Haunting Ground Haunting Ground , known in Japan as Demento , is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom for the PlayStation 2 in 2005 . The story follows Fiona Belli , a young girl who wakes up in the dungeon of a castle after being involved in a car accident . She quickly befriends a White Shepherd , Hewie , and begins to explore the castle with his aid to seek a means of escape and unravel the mysteries of it and its inhabitants . The game shares many similarities with Capcom 's earlier survival horror title Clock Tower 3 , and has been described as a spiritual successor to the Clock Tower series . The player controls Fiona as she explores the environment , evades and hides from enemy pursuers , and occasionally fights against the castle 's inhabitants . Sometimes Fiona will panic when in danger , in which case she begins to run on her own and the player loses some control . Hewie is a central part to the gameplay , and accompanies Fiona throughout the game . He can be given orders to explore the environment , attack enemies , and otherwise aid in Fiona 's survival . Capcom added the dog mechanic during development thinking retailers and players alike would not enjoy a survival horror title with a lone female protagonist . Haunting Ground was first revealed in September 2004 , and was released next April garnering mixed to average reviews . The graphics and presentation were praised , but critics found the gameplay somewhat repetitive , predictable , and derivative of previous horror titles . The sexual objectification of Fiona was highlighted by some critics as one of the game 's best elements . They found that by illustrating her as an object of desire , the game makes Fiona and therefore the player feel more fragile and endangered , building a more disturbing atmosphere . The fluctuating degree of player control over Fiona has made Haunting Ground a key subject in the study of avatars and their relationship with players in video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8c06bd05be6cb3b9b0d0a467d7d800", "text": "Ken Hughes Kenneth Graham `` Ken '' Hughes ( 19 January 1922 -- 28 April 2001 ) was a British film director , writer and producer , who is best known as the co-writer and director of the 1968 children 's film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2dc04162db9a61eab8f441003fe8b56", "text": "The Deadly Tower The Deadly Tower , also known as Sniper , is a 1975 television film directed by Jerry Jameson . It stars Kurt Russell and Richard Yniguez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a54ea69cbb3fe4c752b81c1dd87e1532", "text": "Galerians: Ash is a survival horror video game developed by Polygon Magic , published by Enterbrain and distributed by Sammy Studios for the Sony PlayStation 2 . Galerians : Ash is the sequel to Galerians , a PlayStation game . It is a psychic action game with a dark setting . It follows the story of a young man named Rion who has psychic powers and the resiliency to overcome the Last Galerians , a genetically engineered group of superhumans whose purpose is to wipe out humankind .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3306117aa28a9631077b9ff43cfdd38a", "text": "'71 (film) '71 is a 2014 British historical thriller film set in Northern Ireland , written by Gregory Burke and directed by Yann Demange . It stars Jack O'Connell , Sean Harris , David Wilmot , Richard Dormer , Paul Anderson and Charlie Murphy , and tells the story of a British soldier who becomes separated from his unit during a riot in Belfast at the height of the Troubles in 1971 . Filming began on location in Blackburn , Lancashire , in April 2013 and continued in Sheffield and Liverpool . The film was funded by the British Film Institute , Film4 , Creative Scotland and Screen Yorkshire . The film had its premiere in the competition section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival , held in February 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "90e1f38bc82fda67a7ec5fe6f407576d", "text": "Kurt Sutter Kurt Leon Sutter ( born May 5 , 1960 ) is an American screenwriter , director , producer , and actor . He worked as a producer , writer , and director on The Shield , and appeared on the show as hitman Margos Dezerian . Sutter is also the creator of Sons of Anarchy on FX ; he wrote , produced , and directed the series , as well as played incarcerated club member Otto Delaney . Sutter spent time with members of an outlaw motorcycle club in Northern California as research for Sons of Anarchy . Sutter 's wife , actress Katey Sagal , was one of the show 's lead actresses .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f46e8a50a25657f670dd8ef59ae20385", "text": "Mo McRae Mo McRae ( born July 4 , 1982 ) is an American actor , writer and producer , best known for his recurring role as Tyler in the FX hit series Sons of Anarchy as well as Leon Hayes in the 2006 film Gridiron Gang . He starred in Fox Broadcasting Company 's Pitch . Raised in South Los Angeles , McRae turned to acting for solace . After enrolling in a drama class at Washington Preparatory High School , McRae opted to forgo his spot on the basketball team , when he landed the lead in the school play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "791a01a50c219110e13c183538b381d0", "text": "Sutter's Gold Sutter 's Gold is a 1936 fictionalized film version of the aftermath of the discovery of gold on Sutter 's property , spurring the California Gold Rush of 1849 . Edward Arnold plays John Sutter . The supporting cast includes Lee Tracy , Binnie Barnes , Katherine Alexander , Montagu Love , and Harry Carey as Kit Carson . The film is based on the novel `` L'Or ; la merveilleuse histoire du général Johann August Suter '' by Blaise Cendrars ( Paris , 1925 ) ; ISBN 1417910755 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87e27e93dc512d86e0843be21c9fb7dc", "text": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 Sons of Anarchy : Songs of Anarchy Vol . 2 is a soundtrack album featuring music from the FX television program Sons of Anarchy , and is a follow-up to the 2011 release Songs of Anarchy : Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1 -- 4 and several earlier EPs from the popular show . Songs include covers of `` Sympathy for the Devil , '' `` Higher Ground , '' and `` Travelin ' Band , '' as well as several original tracks . Performers include Jane 's Addiction , with most tracks performed by longtime SOA contributors The Forest Rangers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "258a35ced414990f185afcb8f51fb1c9", "text": "Stephen T. Owens Stephen T. Owens ( born 1948 ) is a civil trial lawyer in Los Angeles , California with the law firm of Squire Patton Boggs . Owens has represented many major U.S. , Japanese , Chinese and other international corporations and financial institutions , including Bridgestone Co. , EchoStar/Dish Network , Suzuki Motor Corporation , Toyota Tsusho , China Airlines , Volaris Airlines , Mexicana Airlines , Union Bank , N.A. , Bank of Tokyo/Mitsubishi-UFJ , and Knotts Berry Farm , as well as various governmental bodies , including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation , the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco , the City of Pomona ( California ) , the City of West Covina ( California ) , the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles , city councilmembers of various cities , and municipal redevelopment agencies . In addition to his trial work in the fields of international trade , finance and real estate , he has acted as litigation counsel to a number of noteworthy individuals and companies in the entertainment industry . He represented Afeni Shakur , the mother of Tupac Shakur , and the Estate of Tupac Shakur in a racketeering ( civil RICO ) lawsuit against Marion `` Suge '' Knight , Death Row Records and their attorney , David Kenner , which resulted in the Estate 's recovery of the unreleased master tapes recorded by Tupac prior to his murder in 1996 . Afeni Shakur and Richard S. Fischbein , as Joint Administrators of the Estate of Tupac Shakur v. Death Row Records , Inc. , Marion `` Suge '' Knight , and David Kenner , United States District Court for the Central District of California ( 1997 ) . The tracks on the recovered master tapes were released on the posthumous , quadruple platinum , double album entitled R U Still Down ? ( Remember Me ) and on several later albums . Owens also represented Afeni Shakur and the Estate of Tupac Shakur in a wrongful death lawsuit filed against Orlando Anderson , aka `` Baby Lane '' , a reputed gang member from Compton , California with whom Tupac had fought at the MGM Grand Las Vegas just hours before he was murdered . Afeni Shakur , et al. v. Orlando Anderson , et al. , Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles , Case No . BC 177861 . In another publicized case , Owens represented Internet Entertainment Group against Pamela Anderson 's unsuccessful attempt to prevent the company from posting the so-called `` honeymoon video '' made by her and then-husband Tommy Lee on the internet . Adopting the argument that the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution generally bars courts from issuing a `` prior restraint '' on speech , the court denied Anderson 's application for a temporary restraining order that would have barred , in advance , IEG 's distribution of the video . Pamela Anderson Lee and Tommy Lee v. Internet Entertainment Group , et al. , Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles , Case No . BC 180801 . Immediately after the plaintiffs ' application for a restraining order was denied , the video was widely distributed on the internet . Owens has also represented , on a pro bono basis , a number of elderly , low-income , African American homeowners victimized by home equity fraud schemes . In one of those cases , the jury awarded the homeowner $ 1.3 million in damages against the dishonest mortgage loan broker and his associates . The case was featured on the ABC television program `` PrimeTime Live '' . '' ` Primetime ' Is the Right Time for a Lawyer '' , Los Angeles Daily Journal , July 22 , 1992 , p. 2 ; `` $ 1.3 Million Awarded in House Scam '' , Los Angeles Times , April 4 , 1992 , p. B3 ; Henry v. Alcove Investment , Inc. ( 1991 ) 233 Cal . App . 3d 94 ; `` The Elder Helper '' , California Lawyer , June 1992 , p. 28 . In recognition of his pro bono work , Owens received the American Bar Association 's John Minor Wisdom Award for Professionalism and Public Service in October 1993 and accepted the President 's Pro Bono Service Award , conferred by the President of the State Bar of California , on behalf of the Graham & James Home Equity Fraud Team , a team of pro bono lawyers formed by Owens , in October 1992 . Owens has been designated a Southern California `` Super Lawyer '' in the field of Business Litigation in every February issue of Los Angeles magazine from 2004 through 2016 . He has served on numerous boards and commissions , including the California State Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation ( 1996 -- 1998 ) , the Board of Directors of Public Counsel , the public interest law firm sponsored by the Los Angeles County and Beverly Hills Bar Associations ( 1992 -- 1995 ) , and the Board of Directors of the Constitutional Rights Foundation , a non-profit educational foundation developing and providing teaching materials and programs regarding the U.S. Constitution and American democracy to junior high school and high school teachers in Southern California ( 2002 -- 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c8fcc1cc0ca8115dc32ef42687d5ef", "text": "Russell Taylor (The Closer) Assistant Chief Russell Taylor was a fictional character featured in TNT 's The Closer , portrayed by Robert Gossett . Commander Taylor is the Commanding Officer of the Los Angeles Police Department 's ( LAPD ) Robbery-Homicide Division . He is also one of two characters on the show who have real-life equivalents on the LAPD , although his rank is one step higher . A hard worker who has risen through the ranks , he is extremely resentful of Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson 's status and the respect she receives from the officers working with her . He does what he can to undermine her at every turn , under the guise of trying to assist in the case . In The Closer spinoff , Major Crimes , Taylor becomes the Assistant Chief of Operations for the LAPD . In the episode `` White Lies , Part I , '' Taylor is killed in the line of duty during a courtroom shooting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a79dbc17eb70444162ea251631801bb6", "text": "Sergeant Leo Barnes Leo Barnes , also known as The Sergeant , is a fictional character in The Purge film series . The character is portrayed by Frank Grillo . Grillo was credited as `` The Sergeant '' in The Purge : Anarchy and `` Leo Barnes '' in The Purge : Election Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cfe52efae5eef090cbfc5e69093c588", "text": "Barton Sutter Barton Sutter is a Duluth , Minnesota-based writer whose poetry and prose often reflect his love of the North-Country . He is the only author to win the Minnesota Book Award in three separate categories : in fiction for My Father 's War and Other Stories , in creative non-fiction for Cold Comfort , and in poetry with The Book of Names : New and Selected Poems . Sutter was also appointed Poet Laureate of Duluth , the first in Duluth history . He was unanimously chosen for the position by a committee set up by the Lake Superior Writers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a25e1f0ff3fd9a14a382c03eae1234a9", "text": "Sukh Dhaliwal Sukhdev `` Sukh '' Dhaliwal , ( Punjabi : ਸੁਖ ਧਾਲੀਵਾਲ ) ( born October 1 , 1960 ) is a businessman and politician in British Columbia , Canada , who was the Liberal Member of Parliament for Newton -- North Delta from 2006 to 2011 . Born in Punjab , India , Dhaliwal emigrated from India in 1984 and became a Canadian citizen three years later . As a businessman , he founded a successful land surveying company and played an important role in the municipal politics of Surrey where he is said to have dominated the Surrey Electors Team membership list by signing up over 2,600 new party members . This represented over half the total number of members . However , in the November 1999 municipal elections Dhaliwal lost his own bid for a seat on city council . He was the federal Liberal candidate for the Newton-North Delta riding in 2004 , but lost to Conservative Gurmant Grewal by just over 500 votes . Grewal decided to not seek re-election , and in 2006 Dhaliwal faced Conservative newcomer Phil Eidsvik . The NDP was also strong in the riding , and 2004 candidate Nancy Clegg , also ran again . Dhaliwal succeeded in winning the seat by 1000 votes . In the 2006 Liberal leadership campaign , Dhaliwal initially supported Joe Volpe . After Volpe encountered a fundraising scandal , Dhaliwal withdrew his support and moved to support Michael Ignatieff . Dhaliwal was instrumental in building support for Ignatieff 's campaign in the Sikh community . Dhaliwal played a key role in Ignatieff 's short-lived , but successful , second leadership campaign in 2008 . Dhalwal in 2008 had written to a U.S. District Court judge on official House of Commons stationery in support of convicted international drug trafficker Ranjit Singh Cheema . On October 14 , 2008 Dhaliwal was re-elected to Parliament by 2500 votes , defeating the NDP 's Teresa Townsley , a Delta School Board trustee , and the Conservative Party 's Sandeep Pandher . Following the election , Dhaliwal was elected as the Chair of the Northern and Western Caucus of the Official Opposition , and served as the critic for the Asia Pacific Gateway and Western Economic Diversification Canada . Dhaliwal has served on several House of Commons Committees : International Trade ; Transportation , Infrastructure and Communities ; and Access to Information , Privacy and Ethics . The Ethics Committee attracted high profile attention when it investigated allegations surrounding Karlheinz Schreiber 's dealings with former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney . He lost to Jinny Sims of the New Democratic Party in the 2011 election . On October 31 , 2012 it was reported he is seeking the British Columbia Liberal Party nomination in Surrey-Panorama Ridge for the 2013 Provincial Election . The seat was held by Stephanie Cadieux however Cadieux is moving to Surrey-Cloverdale after current MLA Kevin Falcon announced he was not seeking re-election . After a BC Liberal Party review of his candidacy , he eventually decided to withdraw from running in the provincial election after he was charged with six counts of tax evasion and convicted of 3 counts for his business that he runs with his wife . Balwinder Kaur Dhaliwal ( nicknamed herself `` Roni '' ) , a Surrey bylaw officer , who was charged with 14 offences and convicted of 6 counts of tax evasion under the Criminal Code of Canada . She was never fired from her job as bylaw officer by the City of Surrey or by then mayor Dianne Watts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93cd23c50b47155cba5c5fa48e204eba", "text": "Sutter, Tazewell County, Illinois Sutter is an unincorporated community in Tazewell County , Illinois , United States . Sutter is southeast of Hopedale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fc2b2874ad05f390116f6fe827a193d", "text": "Kurt McKinney Kurt Robin McKinney ( born February 15 , 1962 in Louisville , Kentucky ) is an American actor . McKinney is perhaps best known for his role as Jason Stillwell in 1986 martial arts film No Retreat , No Surrender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6796a606c0dbff31772d153fe5827946", "text": "Chaos Theory (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Chaos Theory '' is the seventh episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they deal with the monstrous Lash . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Lauren LeFranc , and directed by David Solomon . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , Adrianne Palicki , Henry Simmons , and Luke Mitchell . Matthew Willig guest stars as Lash , with Blair Underwood playing his human form , Andrew Garner . `` Chaos Theory '' originally aired on ABC on November 10 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 3.49 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8561dbe92f62d5ea2908d1f1c59b3a0", "text": "Rey Curtis Reynaldo `` Rey '' Curtis is a fictional character on the TV drama Law & Order , created by Ed Zuckerman and played by Benjamin Bratt from 1995 to 1999 . He appeared in 98 episodes ( 95 episodes of Law & Order and three episodes of Homicide : Life on the Street ) . He also appeared in Exiled : A Law & Order Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac694ad51033f7b217cf4a532aaa0b44", "text": "Sons of Samoa Sons of Samoa is a Crips-affiliated street gang based in Long Beach , California , United States . New Zealand and Australia.SOS gang 's membership mainly consists of Samoan Americans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6774a9377f11945ca3c9746a6d8d766a", "text": "American Teens Against Crime American Teens Against Crime , ( ATAC ) is a fictional organization in The Hardy Boys : Undercover Brothers book series . ATAC is a top secret government agency co-founded by Fenton Hardy and Anmol Gupta . They created it when he realized that there are some places where an adult spy ( a FBI or CIA agent ) would stand out too much . Because of this the FBI has , on at least one occasion , relied on ATAC to solve a case . The very first ATAC agents were Fenton 's sons , Frank and Joe . The agency sends their agents a video game disc ( mission CD ) with details on their latest mission ; after the disc has been viewed it re-formats into a regular music CD . Each disc is delivered in some undercover way , normally by Vijay who likes to use a pizzaboy as a disguise to give them their missions . ATAC has a secret handshake that only agents know . It goes like this : two hard up-and-down shakes followed by a wrist-grab , then a fist-touch , and one last up-and-down shake . In Mission # 4 , Thrill Ride , Joe used this hand-shake when they first met Vijay Patel , to make sure that he was a real member of ATAC . Vijay Patel delivers ATAC missions to Frank and Joe Hardy , and is only used as a field agent in one book , where he saves Frank and Joe . Fenton no longer runs ATAC himself ; a man that simply goes by Q ( sometimes Q.T. ) is the current director of the agency . In the graphic novel adaptation of the series , Nigel Penhurst is also a top man at ATAC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e38ed8f0a7a0c582b8c530879bd065d", "text": "Dave Erickson Dave Erickson is an American television writer and producer , best known for co-creating Fear the Walking Dead with Robert Kirkman , which he is currently the showrunner for . He also created the television series Canterbury 's Law , and wrote and produced for television series Sons of Anarchy and Low Winter Sun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a229066a5dde06476bc9305005e8c1", "text": "Steve Dallas Steve Dallas is a fictional character in the American comic strips of Berke Breathed , most famously Bloom County in the 1980s . He was first introduced as an obnoxious frat boy in the college strip The Academia Waltz , which ran in the University of Texas 's Daily Texan during 1978 and 1979 . Steve then reappears in Bloom County after graduation as a self-employed , unscrupulous lawyer . He was the first character to have been featured in all four of Breathed 's comic strips . He appeared regularly , albeit much older , in the Sunday-only Opus . On June 12 , 2013 , Steve Dallas made a guest appearance in Pearls Before Swine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "084dcf66b8df94b775b39a7c72e9e6e5", "text": "Kurt Yaeger Kurt Yaeger ( born January 3 , 1977 ) is an American actor , director and professional athlete , who is also a below-the-knee amputee . Recent work includes roles on the CBS hit franchise NCIS and the much anticipated HBO/Cinemax series Quarry . Kurt is notable for appearing in season five of the FX series Sons of Anarchy as Greg `` the Peg '' and in the Rudimental music video for the UK hit single `` Waiting All Night '' featuring vocals from Ella Eyre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53d60dc62ecd9dd118056a6b9b94eaa9", "text": "Vernon Schillinger Vernon Schillinger is a fictional character played by American actor J. K. Simmons on the HBO series Oz . TV Guide included him in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time . Schillinger is one of the most powerful and feared inmates in Oz . As leader of The Aryan Brotherhood in Oz , Schillinger controls most white inmates and has a reputation for ruthless brutality and rape . He is shown to be a high-ranking member of the Aryan Brotherhood outside of prison , thus giving him power outside of Oz through a vast network of allies . This is shown when Karl Metzger and other prison guards are seen receiving orders from and showing deference to Schillinger and his friendship with Mayor Wilson Loewen .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d677bb457ba0564c28070bb077e8537", "text": "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg , based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the sequel to 2007 's Transformers , as well as the second installment in the live-action Transformers film series . Taking place two years after its predecessor , the plot revolves around Sam Witwicky , who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots , the Autobots , led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons , led by Megatron . Sam is having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols , and being hunted by the Decepticons under the orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen , who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source , destroying the sun and all life on Earth in the process . Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime , Bumblebee , Ironhide , Ratchet , Megatron , Starscream , and Scorponok . With deadlines jeopardized by possible strikes by the Directors Guild of America and the Screen Actors Guild , Bay managed to finish the production on time with the help of previsualization and a scriptment by his writers Roberto Orci , Alex Kurtzman , and series newcomer Ehren Kruger . Shooting took place from May to November 2008 , with locations in Egypt , Jordan , Pennsylvania , New Jersey , and California , as well as air bases in New Mexico and Arizona . This was the last film in the series to star Megan Fox , and was also the last film in the series to be co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures , leaving Paramount Pictures to become the distributor of its future films . Revenge of the Fallen premiered on June 8 , 2009 in Tokyo and was released on June 24 , 2009 in the United States . Metacritic said the film received `` generally unfavorable reviews '' ; criticism was directed at its bland story , melodramatic acting , romantic scenes , crude humor , overall length , repetitive action sequences , abrupt ending , and Optimus Prime 's drastically decreased screen time compared to the previous film . However , critics praised the visual effects , music , and the voice performances of Hugo Weaving , Charlie Adler and Tony Todd . The film won three Golden Raspberry Awards at the 30th Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony , and became the highest-grossing film to win the Worst Picture award . The film grossed a total of $ 402.1 million in the US and Canada and $ 434.2 million in other territories , for a total of $ 836.3 million worldwide . It was the second highest-grossing film of 2009 in the US and Canada , 23rd domestically , the 44th highest-grossing film of all time and fourth highest of the year worldwide . With over 11 million home media sales in 2009 , it was also the top-selling film of the year in the United States . It was followed by Dark of the Moon in 2011 , and by Age of Extinction in 2014 . A fifth film , titled The Last Knight , is scheduled for a 2017 release .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "91b5f73aa113859dd59dae084dd2bf09", "text": "Aaron Archer Aaron C. Archer ( born 1972 in Canton , Ohio ) is an illustrator and creative professional who spent over 18 years at Hasbro , designing for toy brands like Transformers , G.I. Joe , and others . Aaron worked on the Transformers brand for over 13 years , collaborating with Takara on hundreds of toys . Aaron acted as the Creative Lead for all Transformers partnerships including four feature films , four video games , five animated series , theme park rides , and countless publishing projects . In 2013 Aaron retired from Hasbro in order to pursue independent projects . Archer has worked on other Hasbro/Kenner toy lines including various Batman lines , Star Wars , and Alien : Resurrection , amongst others . Archer 's earliest Transformers work were designs for the later Beast Wars toys , including Transmetal 2 Megatron , Dinobot , and Cheetor . Archer was the Design VP on the Transformers brand , a role that essentially made him the highest-ranking creative Transformers staffer on the Hasbro side of the business ( Transformers are produced in partnership with Takara ) . Archer managed a design team that is responsible for concept design , both for larger storyline concepts ( Archer claims the idea for the show Transformers : Cybertron was initially created on a Taco Bell napkin over lunch ) and for the look of individual characters , while Takara 's engineers are responsible for converting Hasbro designs into three-dimensional action figure form . Takara also has say in design choices . Archer is also well known in the Transformers fandom for his brief stint posting on the TFW2005 boards under the assumed name `` Orson '' ( a reference to Orson Welles , voice of Unicron ) . Archer responded to fan questions in an unusually cryptic style , answering either-or type questions with a straightforward `` NO '' and only answering specific parts of multi-part questions ( most likely due to non-disclosure issues ) . The `` Orson 's World '' message board was eventually shut down by Hasbro and issued a statement that they wanted to treat all fansites fairly . Prior to working for Hasbro , Archer self-published a comic book , Gumbo , with Jeff McCormack . Both attended the University of Akron , in Akron , Ohio . Some homages to Aaron include the Transformers movie toy Longarm having `` Orson 's Towing '' on the door , the early name for Universe Skalor being listed as `` Archerbot '' , and the Transformers : Animated character `` Angry Archer '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac76177b7351d0e5bd26879e44003667", "text": "List of Mexican autopistas This is a list of autopistas , or tolled highways , in Mexico . Tolled roads are often built as bypasses , to cross major bridges , and to provide direct intercity connections . Many federal highway numbers cover more than one autopista ; other federal highways do not have limited access sections . Normally , Mexican federal highways that are on toll ( cuota ) roads have the letter suffix `` D '' for Directo , e.g. Highway 45 is free ( libre ) and Highway 45D is toll . Most autopistas have a toll over all or part of their length . A few autopistas in very mountainous areas are two-lane . The Mexican limited access highway network is the largest in the Americas outside the USA . The construction is generally financed by toll revenue ( thus user fees ) rather than fuel taxes , thus the toll rates are usually rather high , about MXN $ 1 - , roughly 15 - for private cars and motorcycles . Toll plazas along the mainline charge tolls anywhere from MXN $ 20 to $ 300 , or USD $ 1 to $ 15 . Plazas , crossing the border , accept either pesos or U.S. dollars , but after leaving border city limits one must pay in pesos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d9838cfe09a160ae47b294625ddb0df", "text": "World Magnetic Tour World Magnetic Tour was a 2008 -- 2010 concert tour by American thrash metal band Metallica in support of the band 's ninth studio album , Death Magnetic '' , which was released on September 12 , 2008 . The tour officially kicked off in October 2008 in Glendale , Arizona , United States , following three European promotional dates in September and two U.S. rehearsal shows . By September 2009 , the tour had reached North America , Europe , South America , Asia and Oceania . The tour culminated with three dates in Melbourne , Australia in late November 2010 . The tour ended up being the most successful by Metallica , grossing roughly $ 217.2 million ( the 18th highest grossing tour of all time ) , with the top grossing location , Acer Arena in Sydney , Australia , taking more than $ 14 million over 4 shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457b0ca0875d0137a4b690633b7f0806", "text": "List of Bionicle toys The following is a list of toys in Lego Bionicle line . They are organized by North American release dates ; major differences in international releases are noted , America and Europe being one of the first to receive them . There are five main kinds of sets : Collectibles are random assortments of pieces to be used as accessories for larger sets . New collectibles were originally released every six months , but were reduced to a yearly schedule as of 2004 . Collectibles are no longer released as of 2007 . Box Sets are the smallest and cheapest independent sets . Though most sets are packaged in cardboard boxes , this article will use the term to describe these small sets . A group of six box sets were released yearly , though in 2007 there were only four . In 2008 , 6 of these were released to correspond with the canister sets , though the boxes themselves were similar to canisters . Box sets contain from around 15 pieces to about 30 . Canister Sets are the main focus in the toyline and the storyline , and are packaged in plastic canisters . Groups of six canister sets are released every six months . Canister sets usually contain around 50 , 60 or 70 pieces . Titans was a term first used for the 2005 large sets , and fans often use the label for similar large character sets . In this article , it will be used to describe any set larger than a canister set ( besides playsets ) . Most Titans contain more than 100 pieces , though larger ones contain at least 200 or 500 . ( Note : The 2007 -- 2009 sets are labeled `` Warriors '' on Bionicle.com . For the time being , this article will continue to use the `` Titan '' label . ) Battle Vehicles are the newest types of sets . They feature canister-set-sized characters on a larger vehicle . They were introduced in 2008 and replaced Playsets . They can be classified as a type of Titan . A few Battle Vehicle sets are about the size and cost of normal titans , however these sets are considerably smaller in size and have Box Set size figures in place of the Canister-size figures . One exception to this is the Toa Ignika set , which contained a vehicle and a Canister-sized set as the rider while still maintaining the normal titan cost . However , the skyboard ( the corresponding vehicle ) is considerably smaller than even other `` normal titan '' vehicles . Playsets were introduced in 2005 and are traditional Lego construction sets ; including minifigures of canister set characters . In 2008 these have been replaced with Battle Vehicle sets ( see above ) . Stars were canister sets in early 2010 that contained Box Set size counterparts of characters from previous years . Each contained a piece of golden armor that would fit onto the Tahu set within that particular toyline . There are also two kinds of other sets : This list also includes specific promotions ; either items packaged with sets or special collectibles available separately . Promotional sets that are officially not part of the toyline are not included , unless they are acknowledged by the storyline . Promotional Bionicle sets are usually under ten pieces and are free . Other models are not categorized in any of the above . Other models includes a few Bionicle pieces , and sometimes a CD or video . Their prices vary widely . Most other models were released in Europe or America . Releases are grouped in this list into six-month periods , the beginnings of which are marked by when canister sets are released ; usually around January for winter periods and July for summer periods ( though due to retail schedules , European `` winter '' releases begin around March instead ) . Some sets are labeled `` store exclusive '' ; they are only available at that store and directly through Lego ( both Lego outlet stores and the Lego Shop At Home website ) , such as an unnumbered set of random Bionicle parts in a plastic bag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f5acb52cc2015bb4b3e133e9f60c64f", "text": "The Space Report The Space Report : The Authoritative Guide to Global Space Activity is published annually by the Space Foundation . The Space Report is the definitive overview of the global space industry and serves as a valuable resource for government and business leaders , educators , financial analysts , students , and space-relatedbusinesses . Following are major findings from the 2013 issue . The global space economy grew to $ 304.31 billion in commercial revenue and government budgets in 2012 , reflecting growth of 6.7 percent from the 2011 total of $ 285.33 billion . Commercial activity - space products and services and commercial infrastructure - drove much of this increase . From 2007 through 2012 , the total has grown by 37 percent . Commercial space products and services revenue increased 6.5 percent since 2011 , and commercial infrastructure and support industries increased by 11 percent . Government spending increased by 1.3 percent in 2012 , although changes varied significantly from country to country , with India , Russia and Brazil increasing budgets by more than 20 percent , while other nations , including several in Europe , experienced declines of 25 percent or more . 78 launch attempts took place in 2012 , a drop of 7.1 percent from the 84 launches in 2011 ( but higher than the 2010 total of 74 ) . Russia led with 24 launches , China had 19 launches and the United States totaled 13 launches . For the second year running , the Chinese launch rate was greater than that of the United States . The United States led in terms of launch vehicle diversity , however , with ten types of orbital rockets launched in 2012 . According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ) data , the size of the U.S. space workforce declined for the fifth year in a row , dropping 3.8 percent , from 252,315 in 2010 to 242,724 in 2011 ( the most recent full year for which data is available ) - a decrease of about 9,500 workers . However , the changes varied by sector , with some portions of the space industry growing while others contracted . The United States ' National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) 's civil servant workforce decreased from 18,709 in fiscal year ( FY ) 2012 to 18,167 in FY 2013 , a drop of 2.9 percent . However , there is evidence that the employment situation in areas with significant Space Shuttle-related layoffs , including Florida , is beginning to improve . Both Europe and Japan saw increases in space workforces ; the European industry workforce showed very modest growth in 2011 ; in Japan , the overall workforce grew by 7.5 percent , while employment at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA ) , Japan 's government space agency , dropped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9654a789e212ec4f0b6312947421724", "text": "Transformers Decepticons Transformers Decepticons is a video game based on fictional alien robots , Transformers . This version follows an alternate plot of the 2007 live action film Transformers . Most prominently , while the Autobots version has missions in the Arctic , the Decepticons version contain desert missions taking place in a Qatar military base .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c1ce30072843edffdd6b027d029db5", "text": "Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31cd7094329751200b57cc9c16545259", "text": "Arms Trade Treaty The Arms Trade Treaty ( ATT ) is a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons . It entered into force on 24 December 2014 . Ninety-one states have ratified the treaty , and a further 42 states have signed but not ratified it . The ATT is an attempt to regulate the international trade of conventional weapons for the purpose of contributing to international and regional peace ; reducing human suffering ; and promoting co-operation , transparency , and responsible action by and among states . The treaty was negotiated in New York City at a global conference under the auspices of the United Nations ( UN ) from 2 -- 27 July 2012 . As it was not possible to reach an agreement on a final text at that time , a new meeting for the conference was scheduled for 18 -- 28 March 2013 . On 2 April 2013 , the UN General Assembly adopted the ATT . International weapons commerce has been estimated to reach US$ 70 billion a year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b246240eb97d10fe7b69cbcc8cb5d231", "text": "Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada . In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a4cef110ecdb679c24fdcd612673fce", "text": "Gears of War Gears of War is a video game franchise created and originally owned by Epic Games , developed and managed by The Coalition , and owned and published by Microsoft Studios . The series focuses on the conflict between humanity , the subterranean reptilian hominids known as the Locust Horde , and their mutated counterparts , the Lambent & the Swarm . The franchise consists of five third-person shooter video games , which has also been supplemented by a comic book series and five novels . The first installment , titled Gears of War , was released on November 7 , 2006 for the Xbox 360 . The game follows protagonist Marcus Fenix , a soldier in the Coalition of Ordered Governments tasked to lead a last-ditch effort to destroy the Locust Horde and save humanity . Two subsequent titles , Gears of War 2 ( 2008 ) and Gears of War 3 ( 2011 ) , continued Fenix and humanity 's ongoing conflict with the Locust Horde and Lambent forces . In 2013 , Epic Games and Microsoft released Gears of War : Judgment , a prequel to the series ' first title , which instead focuses on Damon Baird , one of Fenix 's squad-mates . Gears of War : Ultimate Edition was released for Microsoft Windows on March 1 , 2016 . The series ' third sequel , Gears of War 4 , is set 25 years after Gears of War 3 and follows Marcus Fenix 's son , JD , as he battles new foes that threaten humanity . Gears of War was developed by Epic Games . Cliff Bleszinski , who has previously worked on Epic 's Unreal Tournament games , served the series ' lead game designer for the first three installments . He was inspired by gameplay elements from Resident Evil 4 , Kill Switch , and Bionic Commando . The series was also guided by Rod Fergusson , the executive producer and director of development of Epic Games until 2012 . The first four installments of the Gears of War series used a modified version of the Unreal Engine 3 engine . On January 27 , 2014 , Microsoft acquired all rights to the franchise from Epic Games . Canadian studio The Coalition developed Gears of War 4 , which was released on October 11 , 2016 for the Xbox One and Windows 10 . Gears of War became one of the best-selling franchises for the Xbox 360 . The series is well known for its emphasis on cover-based combat , in which players can use objects to avoid gunfire or safely engage enemies . All five installments in Gears of War featured several multiplayer modes that allowed players to compete against each other or team-up to battle AI opponents on Xbox Live . The Gears of War games have been amongst the most popular and most played titles on Xbox Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "045b7bee165e77f69f0b159f04158953", "text": "Bloodbath of B-R5RB The Bloodbath of B-R5RB or the Battle of B-R5RB was a massive-scale virtual battle fought in the MMORPG space game Eve Online , and was possibly the largest player versus player battle in history . Pitting the Clusterfuck Coalition and Russian alliances ( CFC/Rus ) against N3 and Pandemic Legion ( N3/PL ) , the 21-hour-long conflict involved over 7,548 player characters overall and a maximum of 2,670 players in the B-R5RB system at one time . The in-game cost of the losses totalled over 11 trillion InterStellar Kredit ( ISK ) , an estimated theoretical real-world value of $ 300,000 to $ 330,000 USD . This theoretical value is derived from PLEX , an item purchasable with real currency that can be redeemed either for subscription time or traded for in-game currency . Part of a larger conflict known as the Halloween War , the fight started after a single player controlling a space station in the star system B-R5RB accidentally failed to make a scheduled in-game routine maintenance payment which made the system ( a key staging area used by N3/PL in the war ) highly vulnerable to capture . The CFC and Russian coalitions began pouring players into the system in a swift offensive , and N3/PL moved in a large fleet of players as a response as well . A massive battle erupted in the system and numerous smaller engagements occurred throughout the game universe as players attempted to block reinforcements from joining the battle . CFC/Rus gained a clear win by inflicting heavy losses on N3/PL and successfully capturing B-R5RB . The losses totalled 576 Capital-class ships including 75 Titans ( the largest ships available to players ) , along with thousands of smaller vessels . To commemorate the sheer size and cost of the battle , the game 's creators , CCP Games , erected a permanent monument in the system B-R5RB named `` The Titanomachy '' , consisting of non-salvageable capital ship wrecks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3c91d82d9778bbdc6c954740a560bd68", "text": "The Savages (film) The Savages is a 2007 American drama film written and directed by Tamara Jenkins . It stars Laura Linney and Philip Seymour Hoffman . Alexander Payne and Jenkins ' husband Jim Taylor were two of the executive producers . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival to critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895a971452416ccb0e4c13663fece90e", "text": "Laura Linney Laura Leggett Linney ( born February 5 , 1964 ) is an American actress . A three-time Academy Award nominee and four-time Tony Award nominee , she won her first Emmy Award in 2002 for Wild Iris ( 2001 ) , and had subsequent wins for Frasier ( 2003 -- 04 ) and John Adams ( 2008 ) . From 2010 -- 13 , she starred in the Showtime series The Big C , which won her a fourth Emmy in 2013 . She is also a two-time Golden Globe Award winner . Linney made her Broadway debut in 1990 , before going on to receive Tony Award nominations for the 2002 revival of The Crucible , the original Broadway productions of Sight Unseen ( 2004 ) and Time Stands Still ( 2010 ) , as well as the 2017 revival of The Little Foxes . She made her screen debut in the 1992 film Lorenzo 's Oil , and went on to receive Academy Award nominations for You Can Count on Me ( 2000 ) , Kinsey ( 2004 ) and The Savages ( 2007 ) . Her other films include Primal Fear ( 1996 ) , The Truman Show ( 1998 ) , Mystic River ( 2003 ) , Love Actually ( 2003 ) and The Squid and the Whale ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c9431da89762849b2e2f97d7115aef24", "text": "Laura (band) Laura is a post-rock band from Melbourne , Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b8a227d3abf8e3a5b44a591877e063", "text": "The Savage (1926 film) The Savage is a lost 1926 silent film comedy directed by Fred C. Newmeyer and starring Ben Lyon and May McAvoy . The film was produced and distributed by First National Pictures . Based on a short story by Ernest Pascal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c09c6f0e8d7291d96b15f8a26a604da", "text": "Savage Life 4 Savage Life 4 is the fourth studio album by American rapper Webbie . The album was released on November 19 , 2013 , by Trill Entertainment . The album features guest appearances from Lil Phat , Lloyd , Blake and Lil Trill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0d53cadc65ad9de8166154f332c9e7f", "text": "Savage Tales Savage Tales is the title of three American comics series . Two were black-and-white comics-magazine anthologies published by Marvel Comics , and the other a color comic book anthology published by Dynamite Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338854d745a534ab8ead02b0939e2e2b", "text": "Dodger Savage Mark `` Dodger '' Savage ( born Mark Blake ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , played by Danny Mac . He made his first on-screen appearance on 7 April 2011 and was introduced as part of the Savage family by creator Paul Marquess . The character is played as being a bit `` cocky '' and as thinking he has `` got it all '' . For his portrayal , Mac has won and been nominated for various awards . In November 2014 Mac opted to leave the role and Dodger on screen on 20 January 2015 . Dodger was the biological son of Patrick Blake ( Jeremy Sheffield ) and Anna Blake ( Saskia Wickham ) , the twin brother of Sienna Blake ( Anna Passey ) , the adoptive son of Dirk Savage ( David Kennedy ) , the half-brother of Will Savage ( James Atherton ) , Liberty Savage ( Abi Philips ) and Minnie Minniver and the father of Nico Blake ( Persephone Swales-Dawson ) and Myra-Pocahontas Savage-McQueen His storylines included a relationship with Texas Longford ( Bianca Hendrickse-Speedlove ) , discovering that Dirk Savage ( David Kennedy ) is not his biological father , a relationship with Theresa McQueen ( Jorgie Porter ) in which she gave birth to their daughter Myra-Pocahontas , discovering his father Patrick Blake ( Jeremy Sheffield ) and twin sister Sienna Blake ( Anna Passey ) are alive , a feud with his half-brother Will Savage ( James Atherton ) , having a relationship with his stepmother Maxine Minniver ( Nikki Sanderson ) , being involved in a train crash , discovering his niece Nico Blake ( Persephone Swales-Dawson ) is actually his daughter and fleeing the country after covering for Nico after she pushes Will off the roof of the hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e930bf9f7502afb4ec1c02631c3d4f9d", "text": "Herschel Savage Herschel Savage ( born Herschel Cohen on November 25 , 1952 ) is an American pornographic film actor and pornographic film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4bb227e0df2c0fdb24b9f4a09c2f4d9", "text": "List of The Mysteries of Laura episodes The Mysteries of Laura is an American police procedural comedy-drama television series developed by Jeff Rake and executive-produced Greg Berlanti and McG . The series premiered on September 17 , 2014 , on NBC . The Mysteries of Laura stars Debra Messing in the lead role of Detective Laura Diamond , a New York City homicide detective who balances her day job with off-duty hours as a single mother of two unruly sons . On May 8 , 2015 , The Mysteries of Laura was renewed for a second season of 13 episodes , which premiered on September 23 , 2015 . On November 9 , 2015 , NBC ordered three additional episodes for the second season . On May 14 , 2016 , NBC canceled the show after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2625864770e9aa7a5dfacc17bde427c", "text": "Laura Don Laura Don ( February 20 , 1852 -- February 10 , 1886 ) was the pseudonym of Anna Laura Fish , an American actress , stage manager , playwright and artist whose life was taken by tuberculosis while still in her early thirties . She wrote the play A Daughter of the Nile , that found its greater success after her death , and was the mother of the writer Glen MacDonough ( Babes in Toyland ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f6243f71b5f4fde2842fa5bf8befed3", "text": "Laura (TV series) Laura ( also known as Laura en América , Laura sin censura , Laura de todos , and Laura en acción ) is a Peruvian talk show , hosted by lawyer Laura Bozzo . The show originated as Laura en América ( `` Laura in the Americas '' ) and first aired on America TV in February 1998 . Bozzo had previously done a similar program called Intimidades ( `` Intimacies '' ) in 1997 . Laura is known for displaying various social problems such as domestic violence , adultery , alcoholism and drug addiction . Laura en América was the most-watched program in Peru in the late 1990s and one of the most tuned-in talk show in several Latin American countries . The talk show stopped broadcasting in 2001 , after the Alberto Fujimori controversy , which involved Bozzo . In the following years , Bozzo continued to record different programs with the same format , but were only transmitted abroad for the Telemundo International chain or cable television . Bozzo had planned to return to Peruvian television through Panamericana Television in 2007 , but the project was canceled due to differences between her and her producers . She then returned for a short time at the Peruvian channel ATV , with a program of the same format called Laura en acción ( `` Laura in action '' ) , which was cancelled due to several complaints .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb8058945561e82b4d24854993e4184d", "text": "Savage Savage may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecd4ba9bf668d5a785e702f429766607", "text": "Dikari Savages ( Дикари , Dikari ) is a 2006 Russian `` people 's comedy '' in the line with the infamous Peculiarities of National Hunting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "007192e4265b340db02832d099ac6df3", "text": "Savage Streets Savage Streets is a 1984 American vigilante action film directed by Danny Steinmann and starring Linda Blair . The film premiered on October 5 , 1984 . It is one of the few non-horror films that both Linda Blair and Linnea Quigley star in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d49c36aa5edfdf06fd51d4e3ceacd1d", "text": "Cattle Annie Anna Emmaline McDoulet , known as Cattle Annie ( November 29 , 1882 - November 7 , 1978 ) , was a young American outlaw in the American Old West , most associated with Jennie Stevens , or Little Britches . Their exploits are known in part through the fictional film Cattle Annie and Little Britches ( 1981 ) , directed by Lamont Johnson and starring Amanda Plummer in her film debut as Cattle Annie , with Diane Lane as Little Britches . Cattle Annie and Little Britches were crack shots with both pistol and rifle , but today they are mostly unknown outside of the film . Yet they were once among the most recognized names among outlaws in the Oklahoma and Indian territories , where they carried out their short-lived criminal ventures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "affebca5f365f2d8cba5ad04a2760a2b", "text": "The Exorcism of Emily Rose The Exorcism of Emily Rose is a 2005 American legal drama horror film directed by Scott Derrickson and starring Laura Linney and Tom Wilkinson . The film is loosely based on the story of Anneliese Michel and follows a self-proclaimed agnostic who acts as defense counsel ( Linney ) representing a parish priest ( Wilkinson ) , accused by the state of negligent homicide after he performed an exorcism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5719acdc439193ecd1a704fb7aa6af2f", "text": "Savages (Pocahontas song) `` Savages '' is a song from the 1995 Disney animated film Pocahontas . It addresses themes of othering , xenophobia , and genocide . The song has been negatively received by critics , with some deeming it to be racist , arguing that it encourages the listener to dehumanise Native Americans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "744a5d455bff7b35737258b2c59d71cc", "text": "The Savage Seven The Savage Seven is a 1968 exploitation film ( in the outlaw biker film subgenre ) directed by Richard Rush . The film marks the screen acting debut of Penny Marshall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24db778ec613ab56f8e3c3be40725365", "text": "Laura Palmer Laura Palmer is a fictional character in the Twin Peaks franchise . She is portrayed by Sheryl Lee and was created by the series creators David Lynch and Mark Frost . She first appears in the ABC original series Twin Peaks . A high school student whose death is the catalyst for the events of the series , Palmer is the protagonist in Lynch 's prequel films Fire Walk With Me ( 1992 ) and The Missing Pieces ( 2014 ) , which both depict the final week of her life leading up to her murder . Laura also appears in the novels and the 2017 revival series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4108a8ab78ea60a7856b60320473641", "text": "Laura Lundy Wheale Laura Lundy Wheale ( born June 21 , 1988 ) , known professionally as Laura Lundy , is an American actress , producer and attorney . Born in Birmingham , Alabama and raised in Cedartown , Georgia , Wheale was cast as a lead role in A Larger Life , alongside Fred Thompson . Wheale 's first major motion picture role came in 2016 when she was cast as Patty Lynn in Ang Lee 's Billy Lynn 's Long Halftime Walk . Shortly thereafter , she was cast as a reporter in Clint Eastwood 's Sully , starring Tom Hanks . Wheale graduated from Jacksonville State University with a degree in theatre . While in undergraduate , she played four years of full-scholarship Division 1 NCAA tennis . In 2010 , the team experienced an undefeated season and won the Ohio Valley Conference championship . After undergraduate , Wheale attended the Cumberland School of Law . Additionally , she received training in acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute . Category : American actresses Category : Jacksonville State University alumni Category : Cumberland School of Law alumni Category :1988 births Category : Living people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e430de7811175072c338dcdb3ed07fb", "text": "Valentine (film) Valentine is a 2001 American slasher film directed by Jamie Blanks , and starring Denise Richards , David Boreanaz , Marley Shelton , Jessica Capshaw , and Katherine Heigl . Loosely based on the novel of the same name by Tom Savage , the film follows a group of women in San Francisco who are stalked by a man whom they tormented during their childhood . Release theatrically in February 2001 , the film received mixed reviews from critics , with some praising its performances and cinematography , and others criticizing its conclusion and deeming it too redolent of 1980s horror films . In spite of the mixed critical response , the film was a box office success , earning a total of USD$ 36.7 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83d57d9081d695f75093adc36b752eab", "text": "The West Hollywood Blondes The West Hollywood Blondes was a professional wrestling tag team consisting of Lenny Lane and Lodi . During their later careers in World Championship Wrestling , they were billed as `` brothers '' . The team formed in 1999 as a parody of the original Hollywood Blonds . Their gimmick saw them entering the ring wearing glitter and licking Blow Pops . In the ring , they also devised a unique stalling vertical suplex , flying crossbody combination . After being removed from television by Turner Broadcasting System Standards and Practices , the team briefly reformed as Standards and Practices , a satirical reference to the S&P of Turner , before disbanding in 2001 .", "title": "" } ]