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23578026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinari%20nonda | Parinari nonda | Parinari nonda is a shrub or small tree in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It occurs in northern Australia and New Guinea. The edible fruits are harvested in the wild. Common names include nonda plum, nonda tree, nunda plum and parinari.
References
nonda
Bushfood
Malpighiales of Australia
Flora of New Guinea
Flora of the Northern Territory
Flora of Queensland
Rosids of Western Australia |
23578075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20UNIT | History of UNIT | UNIT (UNified Intelligence Taskforce, formerly United Nations Intelligence Taskforce) is a fictional military organisation from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. Operating under the auspices of the United Nations, its purpose is to investigate and combat paranormal and extraterrestrial threats to the Earth.
As is common in long-running series whose backstories are not mapped out in advance, and are also the product of many different writers over the course of years, the fictional history of UNIT have seen retroactive changes which have caused some continuity problems.
Pre-UNIT
Following the canon of the television show only, the roots of the organisation in the history of the Doctor Who universe lie in one extraterrestrial incursion. As seen in the Second Doctor serial The Web of Fear (1968), there was an attempt to take over London by a disembodied entity known as the Great Intelligence, using robotic Yetis and a deadly cobweb-like fungus. A small group of British infantrymen, ultimately led by Colonel Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart of the Scots Guards (assisted by the Doctor), beat back the attempted conquest in the tunnels of the London Underground.
According to several sources outside of the television programme itself, UNIT also owes part of its existence to a much later television episode, the Seventh Doctor serial Remembrance of the Daleks (1988). In that incident, two Dalek factions fought a battle in London over the Time Lord artefact known as the Hand of Omega in late 1963. They were defeated by detachment of soldiers from the 'Intrusion Counter-Measures Group', commanded by Group Captain "Chunky" Gilmore, along with help from the mysterious time traveller known as the Doctor. Gilmore also had the assistance of a Scientific Advisor, Dr. Rachel Jensen. According to non-canon sources, the ICMG was a special anti-terrorist group which drew its forces from the regular Army, and also the RAF Regiment. The Dalek incident was of course covered up. The ICMG was disbanded shortly afterwards; however, several of its training materials and procedures were adopted by UNIT. Gilmore later served as an advisor, often lecturing for UNIT personnel.
Following the Yeti Incident, the United Nations became aware that the world faced threats from extraterrestrial sources, and that with the space programme sending probes deeper and deeper into space, mankind had drawn attention to itself. Consequently, the United Nations established UNIT with the mandate to investigate, monitor and combat such threats. The United Nations was also given jurisdiction over first contact situations in 1968, as revealed in "The Sound of Drums". Lethbridge-Stewart was promoted to the rank of Brigadier and put in charge of the British contingent of UNIT, which was apparently under the purview of the British government's Department C19. Department C19 was mentioned in the serial Time-Flight, being the department at whose behest the Fifth Doctor investigated the mystery of a Concorde aeroplane that had disappeared. Several of the spin-off novels explore the idea that C19 gathers up alien technology for their own ends, as revealed in The Scales of Injustice and Who Killed Kennedy. The canonicity of the novels in relation to the series is unclear.
Twentieth century
Four years after the incident in the London Underground, the newly formed UNIT's baptism of fire was an invasion by the Cybermen, in The Invasion (1968). UNIT repulsed this, once again with the Second Doctor's help. Following this, Lethbridge-Stewart became convinced of the necessity of scientific advice in battling extraterrestrial threats, and recruited Dr Elizabeth Shaw from Cambridge. Coincidentally, the recently regenerated Third Doctor had been exiled to Earth by the Time Lords, and he agreed to join UNIT as its Scientific Advisor just in time to help defeat the Autons (Spearhead from Space). The Doctor was later assisted by Jo Grant.
In addition to combatting alien threats, the British contingent has also been responsible for providing general security under the aegis of the UN. A significant example was the provision of security at the Styles peace conference.
UNIT first operated out of an office building in London and subsequently moved to a headquarters in the country that had been built over the ruins of a priory (Pyramids of Mars). Its main headquarters, mentioned but never seen in the television series, is with the United Nations in Geneva.
When the Third Doctor's exile was lifted, his association with UNIT became more sporadic, especially after his regeneration into his fourth incarnation. The last appearance of UNIT in the series for many years was in The Seeds of Doom (1976); however, the organisation continued to execute its mandate to investigate and combat alien activity.
Lethbridge-Stewart retired in 1976 (Mawdryn Undead, 1983), and was succeeded by Colonel Crichton (The Five Doctors). UNIT did not appear again in force until the Seventh Doctor serial, Battlefield (1989), where the British contingent (although it also has foreign members) was commanded by Brigadier Winifred Bambera, and Lethbridge-Stewart was called out of retirement to help defeat an other-dimensional invasion of armoured knights led by Morgaine.
Twenty-first century
UNIT was referenced by acronym and full name in the 2005 series episodes "Aliens of London" and "World War Three", where it sent a delegation to a gathering of experts at 10 Downing Street in response to a spaceship crashing in the River Thames. All of the experts were electrocuted by the alien Slitheen. None of the members of UNIT seen were from the original series, although one of them was originally said to be Doctor Who Magazine comic strip character Muriel Frost. They would appear again in "The Christmas Invasion"', with a facility in the Tower of London, access to alien language translation software, and awareness of Martians. Prime Minister Harriet Jones oversaw the Sycorax crisis from this facility alongside commanding officer Major Blake.
The UK contingent of UNIT has ties to Torchwood, while the United Nations are unaware of its existence; this may indicate that the UK contingent of UNIT keeps secrets from its parent organisation. Major Blake contacted Torchwood to assist against the Sycorax in "The Christmas Invasion"; in Torchwood episode "Greeks Bearing Gifts", Jack Harkness mentions putting together some documents for UNIT; in "End of Days", UNIT is one of the groups that have contacted Harkness about the events of that episode. There is rivalry between the two groups however; in "Reset", Jack derisively refers to UNIT in this episode as "the acceptable face of intelligence gathering about aliens", and Torchwood did not inform UNIT about the powerful Resurrection Gauntlet.
"Turn Left" revealed that UNIT was involved in investigating the attempted Racnoss invasion, independently of the Doctor. In the alternative universe created in that episode by the Tenth Doctor's death, one UNIT team discovered the Doctor's body, whilst another under Captain Erisa Magambo and Rose Tyler salvaged "surface technology" from the Doctor's dying TARDIS in order to send Donna Noble back in time and prevent the Doctor's death.
In "The Sound of Drums", UNIT is shown to have an aircraft carrier called the Valiant designed by Minister of Defence and later Prime Minister Harold "Harry" Saxon (alias the Master). UNIT assumes control of handling the Toclafane visitation, not knowing it has been secretly engineered by the Master. While brief radio reports can be heard near the end suggesting UNIT is being overwhelmed by the Toclafane invasion, the Paradox machine's destruction reverses time to just before the invasion began.
In The Sarah Jane Adventures serial Revenge of the Slitheen, Sarah Jane Smith telephones UNIT to tell them about the secret rooms around the world with alien machinery inside, located in schools constructed by the fictional Coldfire Construction. UNIT is also referred to in the serial The Lost Boy, where UNIT used its political clout to pull strings with the London police to have its former quasi-member Sarah Jane Smith (Sarah was never an official employee of UNIT in the way that her two predecessors were) released without charge after she was arrested for alleged child abduction.
In the Torchwood episode "Reset" it is established that the Doctor's former companion Martha Jones has joined UNIT as a qualified doctor (the Doctor having recommended her to UNIT) and when Jack Harkness was in need of some help he drafted her into the Torchwood Institute on a temporary basis. UNIT were working on the same mystery as the Torchwood Institute in that episode and the two organisations pooled their resources in order to solve it.
UNIT's first proper team-up with the Doctor in the new series occurred in the 2008 2-parter "The Sontaran Stratagem/The Poison Sky". They are now a larger, better-outfitted organisation, getting a large amount of legal powers (and of funding from the United Nations) — including the capability to command & co-ordinate the planet's nuclear weaponry in a single strike — in the name of "Homeworld Security". The UK branch is under the command of Colonel Mace. Under the codename Operation Blue Sky, UNIT (via Martha Jones) called in the Doctor and seized control of the central factory for ATMOS Systems, intending to investigate whether it was an alien front organisation. In the process, two soldiers were brainwashed by the Sontarans and Martha Jones replaced by a clone, while the Sontaran Tenth Battle Fleet (reacting to the Doctor's presence) advanced their invasion plans, attempting to change the atmosphere and disabling UNIT's nuclear strikes. Despite an initial massacre at the ATMOS factory, a change in weaponry and tactical use of the Valiant meant that UNIT retook the factory and defeated the Sontaran attack force there, giving the Doctor the opening to stop the Sontaran stratagem.
"The Stolen Earth"/"Journey's End" two-part episode showed that a major UNIT base in Manhattan had managed to create a rudimentary teleport device based on salvaged Sontaran technology, known as Project Indigo; Martha Jones had been promoted to Indigo's chief medical officer. UNIT had also created the Osterhagen Key, a doomsday weapon that would trigger over twenty-four nuclear warheads under the Earth's crust and destroy the planet in the event of a situation that left humanity in incredible suffering with no hope of survival. When the Earth was shifted to the Medusa Cascade by Davros and the Daleks, the Daleks attacked UNIT bases, destroying the Valiant and wiping out the Manhattan base. While the UN surrendered, Martha was ordered to use Project Indigo prototype to escape, and to attempt to find the Doctor and (if no other option remained) to use the Osterhagen Key. With her help, the Daleks were defeated and Earth returned to its proper place, and The Doctor asked that she destroy the Osterhagen Key.
In the Sarah Jane Adventures serial The Mark of the Berserker, Alan Jackson hacks into the UNIT database to find information on the alien Berserker. He is also able to use a UNIT tracking system to locate Clyde Langer via his mobile phone.
In the Sarah Jane Adventures story Enemy of the Bane, Brigadier Sir Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart is seen in the company of a Major Cal Kilburne, who is attempting to debrief him on his 'recent mission in Peru' (in "The Sontaran Stratagem"/"The Poison Sky" it was mentioned that 'Sir Alistair' was in Peru). Lethbridge-Stewart is apparently 'retired', but he still serves as UNIT's 'Special Envoy'. He later aids Sarah-Jane and Rani in breaking into UNIT's 'Black Archive' Facility, which is a repository of all extraterrestrial knowledge and artefacts that UNIT have amassed. The Brigadier questions the ethics of the modern UNIT's revised and more aggressive approach to dealing with alien threats, and Sarah Jane is concerned that UNIT would treat her son Luke as a test subject with no regard for his human rights should they discover him.
UNIT returned in the 2009 Easter special "Planet of the Dead" investigating the disappearance of the 200 bus. Captain Erisa Magambo makes a reappearance from her last in "Turn Left" as the commander of UNIT, aided by the new scientific adviser Malcolm Taylor. They appeared again during The Sarah Jane Adventures serial Death of the Doctor which introduced a UNIT Base at Mount Snowdon.
In 2012, after a 3-year absence, UNIT returned in the episode "The Power of Three" when millions of black cubes appear around the globe. The UNIT force is headed by scientific adviser Kate Stewart, the daughter of the late Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. The Doctor and Amy Pond are summoned to the Tower of London - where UNIT still have their headquarters - and are investigating various cubes and observing what they do. In this story, UNIT have a very different uniform to that last seen in "Planet of the Dead". There is no mention or references to any previous characters other than the Brigadier.
UNIT return in "The Day of the Doctor" in 2013. The Doctor and Clara are unexpectedly airlifted in the TARDIS to Trafalgar Square where they meet up with Kate Stewart and her new assistant Osgood. Kate gives the Doctor preserved instructions from his previous wife Elizabeth I of England that name him curator of Undergallery, a secret vault of forbidden art housed at the National Gallery. Kate and Osgood accompany the Doctor and Clara to this vault where they come across proof of the veracity of Elizabeth's message, a three-dimensional painting made with Time Lord stasis cubes. The painting depicts the fall of Gallifrey's second city, Arcadia, on the last day of the Time War. Once in the Undergallery, Kate shows the Doctor other paintings that have been broken from within. While examining the paintings, a fissure in time opens above them and the Doctor jumps into it. Osgood and McGillop stay in the National Gallery to investigate some missing statues whilst Kate and Clara travel to the Tower of London to UNIT's TARDIS-proofed Black Archive. Osgood and McGillop are captured and stored by the Zygons who subsequently take their appearance and follow Kate to the Black Archive, who is also revealed to be a Zygon. The real characters, along with the Zygons, end up together in the Black Archive and a countdown that will detonate a nuclear warhead underneath them begins. The Doctor(s) arrive and use the archive's mind-wiping equipment to render the UNIT members and Zygons temporarily unaware which of them are which so nothing is destroyed. What happens after this is as yet unclear.
UNIT, including Kate Stewart and Osgood, return in "Death in Heaven", the series 8 finale. Kate and UNIT reappeared in "The Magician's Apprentice" then appear along with Osgood yet again in the two part episode "The Zygon Invasion" and "The Zygon Inversion". Osgood is mentioned by when the Doctor contacts UNIT as they appeared in the ending in "The Return of Doctor Mysterio".
In the 2019 New Year special "Resolution", the Thirteenth Doctor attempts to call on Kate Stewart for assistance, but discovers UNIT operations have been suspended and replaced with an outsourced call centre, due to a diplomatic argument over funding.
In the 2020 New Year's Day episode, "Spyfall, Part 1", it is stated that UNIT and Torchwood no longer exist.
In other media
As well as various novels and audios depicting other events during the Doctor's exile in his third incarnation, UNIT have appeared with other Doctors in other novels. Deep Blue features the Fifth Doctor interacting with the UNIT of the Third Doctor's era, arriving in their time to assist in a crisis while his past self is travelling in the TARDIS.
The novel The Shadows of Avalon, set in 2012, sees the Eighth Doctor resign from UNIT to act as a magical advisor in a dimension linked to humanity's subconscious that has become accessible via a rift in Britain.
The organization's future is glimpsed in other novels. Alien Bodies reveals that UNIT had evolved into UNISYC- the United Nations Security Yard Corps- by the 2050s, with members suffering from far more psychological problems than UNIT soldiers presented in the show. In Cold Fusion, by the twenty-fifth century, UNIT has 'evolved' into Unitas, an all-male organization dedicated to protecting Earth from any perceived alien threat, to the extent that they attempt to pre-emptively prevent a perceived Time Lord invasion of Earth's Empire that nearly destroys history. According to the Seventh Doctor's companion Roz Forrester, by the thirtieth century the organisation now merely arranges bake sales and argues about whether or not Lethbridge-Stewart was hyphenated.
References
External links
"Official" UNIT website (BBC-sponsored) [Password="badwolf"]
- fan-written website
UNIT
Fictional intelligence agencies |
23578091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jairon%20Zamora | Jairon Zamora | Jairon Leonel Zamora Narváez (born 5 February 1978 in Guayaquil) is an Ecuadorian football midfielder. He obtained a total number of seven international caps for the Ecuador national football team, making his debut in 1999.
Honors
Nation
Canada Cup: 1999
References
Profile at Playerhistory.com
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Guayaquil
Association football midfielders
Ecuadorian footballers
Ecuador international footballers
1999 Copa América players
C.S. Emelec footballers
C.D. El Nacional footballers
C.D. ESPOLI footballers
L.D.U. Loja footballers
Barcelona S.C. footballers
Deportivo Azogues footballers
C.S.D. Macará footballers |
20470948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant%20Secretary%20of%20State%20for%20Legislative%20Affairs | Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs | The Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs is the head of the Bureau of Legislative Affairs within the United States Department of State.
List of Assistant Secretaries of State for Legislative Affairs
External links
List of Assistant Secretaries of State for Legislative Affairs by the State Department Historian
Bureau of Legislative Affairs Website
References |
23578102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20to%20dismiss%20in%20the%20interest%20of%20justice | Motion to dismiss in the interest of justice | The motion to dismiss in the interest of justice is a provision of the New York Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) § 210.40; since being interpreted in People v. Clayton, it has been known as a "Clayton motion".
Background
CPL 210.40 is a successor to section 671 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which in turn has been said to be merely a substitute for the ancient right of the Attorney-General to discontinue a prosecution. But section 671 allowed the court to dismiss an indictment "in furtherance of justice" either on motion of the District Attorney or on its own motion; moreover, the code removed the right of the prosecutor to abandon the indictment except in compliance with section 671. The early history of determinations under the statute evinces the inclination of the court to use its provisions sparingly; the statute was usually invoked to dismiss an indictment for the insufficiency of evidence before a grand jury after a defendant's motion to inspect the minutes had been granted. (The statute provided a method to afford relief to a defendant, who could not move to inspect the minutes of the grand jury without showing a reason to believe that the evidence before it was insufficient to support the indictment. Since the defendant could not know the nature of the proceedings before the grand jury, he was obviously at a disadvantage.)
More recently, the statute has been employed to reach cases in which the court found for a variety of reasons that the ends of justice would be served by the termination of the prosecution. Indeed, it has been stated that the use of the statute depended only on principles of justice, not on the legal or factual merits of the charge or even on the guilt or innocence of the defendant.
Terms
N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law § 210.40 grants the defendant (or the prosecutor or the court) the power to apply for relief:
First, it directs the court to find, under the general concept of the "furtherance of justice" stated in its provisions, that the "dismissal is required as a matter of judicial discretion by the existence of some compelling factor, consideration or circumstance clearly demonstrating that conviction or prosecution of the defendant upon such indictment or count would constitute or result in injustice."
Second, it directs that the procedure for the application is to be governed by N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law § 210.20. § 210.20, providing for the omnibus motion against an indictment, must be read with N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law § 210.45(6), which commands the court to conduct a hearing on the motion.
People v. Clayton
The provisions of N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law §§ 210.40 and 210.45 require a hearing when either the prosecution or the defendant moves to dismiss the indictment in the furtherance of justice.
In People v. Clayton, the Court held that when a trial court considers sua sponte a dismissal for the same reason, it should not do so until fair notice of its intention has been given to the parties and a hearing has been held. At the hearing the parties may, if they are so advised, present such evidence and arguments as may be pertinent to the interests of justice. Among the considerations which are applicable to the issue are (a) the nature of the crime, (b) the available evidence of guilt, (c) the prior record of the defendant, (d) the punishment already suffered by the defendant, (e) the purpose and effect of further punishment, (f) any prejudice resulting to the defendant by the passage of time and (g) the impact on the public interest of a dismissal of the indictment.
See also
Law of New York
Judiciary of New York
References
People v. Clayton, 41 A.D.2d 204 (N.Y. App. Div. 2d Dep't 1973)
Further reading
"Legal Developments: A Model Of Discretion: New York's 'Interests Of Justice' Dismissal Statute". 58 Alb. L. Rev. 175. (John F. Wirenius, Albany Law Review, 1994) - Through Google Scholar / HeinOnline
New York (state) law
U.S. state criminal procedure |
17338798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal%20El%20Najjarine | Bilal El Najjarine | Bilal Mohamad Saada Cheikh El Najjarine (; born 8 February 1981), or simply Bilal El Najjarine, is a Lebanese former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.
At club level he most notably played for Nejmeh, also playing in India and the United Arab Emirates. He represented Lebanon internationally between 2004 and 2015.
Club career
El Najjarine joined Nejmeh on 18 August 2003. After eight years, he moved to NSW Premier League side Bankstown City Lions in June 2011, making his debut on 19 June in a 1–0 win over Rockdale City Suns. He played three league games in total.
In 2012, El Najjarine moved to Indian I-League side Churchill Brothers on a one-year contract. He made his debut on 6 October 2012, in their 2–0 defeat to Dempo. He appeared in fifteen league matches and scored a goal during the 2012–13 I-League season, as the club clinched its second league title under the guidance of manager Mariano Dias.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Lebanon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each El Najjarine goal.
Honours
Nejmeh
Lebanese Premier League: 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2008–09
Lebanese FA Cup: 2015–16; runner-up: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2011–12
Lebanese Elite Cup: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2016
Lebanese Super Cup: 2002, 2004, 2009, 2016
AFC Cup runner-up: 2005
Churchill Brothers
I-League: 2012–13
Individual
Lebanese Premier League Best Player: 2011–12
Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12
See also
List of Lebanon international footballers
References
External links
Bilal El Najjarine at RSSSF
1981 births
Living people
Lebanese footballers
Association football central defenders
Sportspeople from Tripoli, Lebanon
Nejmeh SC players
Bankstown City FC players
Churchill Brothers FC Goa players
Dibba FC players
Al Dhafra FC players
Lebanese Premier League players
I-League players
UAE Pro League players
Lebanon international footballers
Lebanese expatriate footballers
Lebanese expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Lebanese expatriate sportspeople in India
Lebanese expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate soccer players in Australia
Expatriate footballers in India
Expatriate footballers in the United Arab Emirates |
20470961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly%20Erdman | Molly Erdman | Molly Erdman (born 1974) is an American actress, author and improvisational comedian. She is most recognizable for her portrayal of Molly the "snarky wife" in Sonic television commercials. Erdman grew up in Dallas and attended Greenhill School (Addison, Texas), she is a graduate of Tufts University, where she received a degree in Drama minoring in Political Science. She worked with the Tufts improv group Cheap Sox while attending the university. After graduating, she moved to Chicago to work with The Second City, where she appeared in three mainstage revues. She currently lives in LA and writes two blogs devoted to catalog parody, Catalog Living and its spin-off Magazine Living, and in 2012 published the coffee-table book Catalog Living at Its Most Absurd: Decorating Takes (Wicker) Balls.
Filmography
The Bobby Lee Project (2008)
According to Jim (1 episode, 2008)
The Goods: The Don Ready Story (2009)
In the Flow with Affion Crockett (2011)
References
External links
Profile at Sirens Improv
Cheap Sox website
American film actresses
Living people
1974 births
American television actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
Tufts University alumni
Greenhill School alumni
21st-century American women |
17338800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkaung | Mukkaung | Mukkaung is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukyaw | Mukyaw | Mukyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20470972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Stone%20Martin | David Stone Martin | David Stone Martin, born David Livingstone Martin (June 13, 1913 – March 6, 1992 in New London, Connecticut) was an American artist best known for his illustrations on jazz record albums.
Biography
David Stone Martin was born June 13, 1913, in Chicago and attended evening classes at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. He was greatly influenced by the line art of Ben Shahn. During World War II, Martin was an art director for the United States Office of War Information.
By 1950, Martin had produced more than 100 covers for Mercury, Asch, Disc and Dial record albums. Many assignments came from his longtime friend, record producer Norman Granz.
For various companies, Martin eventually created illustrations for more than 400 record albums. Many of these were simply line art combined with a single color. Martin's favorite tool was a crowquill pen which enabled him to do delicate line work. CBS-TV art director William Golden gave Martin many print ad assignments during the 1950s, and Martin soon expanded into illustration for Seventeen, The Saturday Evening Post and other slick magazines of the 1950s and 1960s. His studio was located in Roosevelt, New Jersey, near his home there.
Martin is represented in the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago and the Smithsonian Institution.
Martin was the husband of muralist Thelma Martin, who painted the post office mural for the facility in Sweetwater, Tennessee. He was the father of graphic artist Stefan Martin (born 1936) and painter Tony Martin. He died March 6, 1992, in New London, Connecticut, where he had lived in his old age.
Notable album covers
All or Nothing at All, Billie Holiday, Verve
The Astaire Story, Fred Astaire, Clef
Billie Holiday Sings, Clef
Bird & Diz, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, Clef
Buddy and Sweets, Harry "Sweets" Edison and Buddy Rich, Norgran
An Evening with Billie Holiday, Clef
Jazz Giant, Bud Powell, Norgran
Lester Young Trio, Mercury
Lester Young with the Oscar Peterson Trio, Norgran
Love Is a Gentle Thing, Harry Belafonte, RCA
Oscar Peterson Plays Duke Ellington, Clef
Oscar Peterson Plays Porgy & Bess, Verve
Piano Interpretations by Bud Powell, Norgran
Piano Solos, Bud Powell, Clef
Piano Solos #2, Bud Powell, Clef
Sing and Swing with Buddy Rich, Norgran
Struggle, Woody Guthrie, Smithsonian Folkways
Swinging Brass with the Oscar Peterson Trio, Verve
The Tal Farlow Album, Tal Farlow, Norgran
These Are the Blues, Ella Fitzgerald, Verve
Toshiko's Piano, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Norgran
Urbanity, Hank Jones, Clef
Time magazine covers
David Merrick, 25 March 1966
Robert F. Kennedy, 16 September 1966
Inside the Viet Cong, 25 August 1967
Mayor Carl Stokes, 17 November 1967
Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap, 9 February 1968
Sen. Eugene McCarthy, 22 March 1968
Nguyen Van Thieu, 28 March 1969
Gov. George Wallace, 27 March 1972
References
External links
U.S. Navy Art Collection: David Stone Martin
David Stone Martin album covers at:
Birkajazz.com
LP Cover Lover
Vinyl Culture Quarterly
Jazz at First Sight: The Art of David Stone Martin (July–December 2010, Jazz at Lincoln Center)
1913 births
1992 deaths
American illustrators
People from Roosevelt, New Jersey
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
People of the United States Office of War Information |
20471014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT3 | CT3 | CT3 or CT-3 may refer to:
Chris Taylor (baseball) (born 1990), American baseball player
Connecticut's 3rd congressional district
Connecticut Route 3, state route
Crazy Taxi 3: High Roller
CT-3 needle for surgical suturing |
23578136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi%20Price | Naomi Price | Naomi Price is an Australian stage actress and singer, best known for appearing in the fourth season of the Australian version of The Voice, finishing in fifth place, and her roles in original cabarets Rumour Has It: Sixty Minutes Inside Adele and Wrecking Ball
History
Price moved from England to Australia to study at Queensland University of Technology in 2003. Since moving to Brisbane, she appeared in numerous productions including Matilda Women and Tashi Stories for QUT, Into the Woods, Children of Eden, Alice, The Awfully Big Adventures of Peter Pan, Rent, Tell Me on a Sunday and The Wishing Well for Matrix Theatre/La Boite Theatre. In 2007, Price played the role of Cathy in Jason Robert Brown's The Last Five Years co-starring The Voice Australia season 2 runner-up Luke Kennedy. She has performed alongside Guy Sebastian, Marina Prior, Troy Cassar-Daley and Broadway composer Scott Alan.
In August 2010 and June 2011, Price played Mary Magdalene in the critically acclaimed production of Jesus Christ Superstar at the Queensland Performing Arts Centre (QPAC) Playhouse.
Price founded the little red company with co-devisor Adam Brunes in 2012 and together they have created original cabarets Rumour Has It: Sixty Minutes Inside Adele and Wrecking Ball which have toured extensively around Australia. She recently made her debut with Queensland Theatre Company in their 2014 production of Gloria. Price also auditioned for season 4 of The Voice Australia. She was mentored by Ricky Martin throughout the series and placed 6th overall.
She is set to take part of the ensemble cast of a Carole King's hits-musical showcasing the US singer-songwriter's work, set to premiere in Brisbaneand. Price is an understudy for the role of Carole's friend and fellow songwriter Cynthia Weil.
Live performances
References
External links
Harvest Rain launches 2010 Season
Australian Stage Online - Peter Pan
Harvest Rain moves to QPAC
Living people
Australian stage actresses
People from Shoreham-by-Sea
Queensland University of Technology alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23578139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Davidson%20%28footballer%29 | Andrew Davidson (footballer) | Andrew Crawford Davidson (24 February 1878 – 1949) was a Scottish footballer who played at half-back for various clubs in the 1900s, spending most of his career with Middlesbrough.
Football career
Davidson was born in Auchinleck in East Ayrshire and started his professional football career with Ayr United before moving to England to join Middlesbrough in May 1900.
At Middlesbrough, he soon became a permanent fixture at left-half, making 32 league appearances in the 1900–01 season as Middlesbrough finished sixth in the Second Division table. The following season, he was ever-present as Middlesbrough finished as runners-up, thus gaining promotion to the First Division.
Davidson rarely missed a match over the next two years, but in 1904–05 he missed most of the season through injury, with Joe Cassidy dropping back to replace him. He was back to full fitness for the following season as Middlesbrough narrowly avoided relegation.
In the summer of 1906, he moved to fellow First Division side, Bury, having made over 200 appearances for Middlesbrough in the League and FA Cup.
Davidson spent two seasons with Bury, before moving on to join Grimsby Town in May 1908. At Grimsby, he gained a reputation as a quick centre-half and was appointed the team captain. In July 1909, he moved to Southampton of the Southern League, where he failed to reproduce the form he had shown at Blundell Park and, after only five appearances, he returned to Grimsby, where he played for the rest of the 1909–10 season before dropping down to non-league football.
Honours
Middlesbrough
Football League Second Division runners-up: 1901–02
References
1878 births
1949 deaths
Footballers from East Ayrshire
Scottish footballers
Association football defenders
Ayr United F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players |
23578148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20peach | Wild peach | A wild peach is a wild growing form of the Peach (Prunus persica).
Wild peach may also refer to other flowering tree plants not closely related to the peach or each other:
Kiggelaria africana, native to southern and eastern Africa
Santalum acuminatum, also known as Quandong, a hemiparasitic plant widely dispersed throughout the central deserts and southern areas of Australia
Terminalia carpentariae, native to northern Australia
See also
Wild Peach Village, Texas |
23578154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%20137%20Squadron%20RAF | No. 137 Squadron RAF | No. 137 Squadron RAF existed briefly as a day bomber unit in World War I but never became operational. During World War II it flew as one of the two Whirlwind squadrons before converting to Hurricane Mk.IV fighter-bombers and later the Hawker Typhoon in the same role. The squadron was disbanded in August 1945.
History
Formation and World War I
No. 137 Squadron RAF existed briefly as a unit working up to be a day bomber unit on Airco DH.9s during World War I, but it never became operational. It was formed at Shawbury on 1 April 1918 and was disbanded there on 4 July 1918, together with 12 other such units. Plans to reinstate the squadron in September as laid out in Air Organisation Memorandum 939 of 13 July 1918 came to nought as Air Organisation Memorandum 999 of 17 August 1918 cancelled these.
Second World War
The squadron was reformed at Charmy Down on 20 September 1941 and equipped with the then brand new two-engined Westland Whirlwind four-cannon fighter. The squadron became operational with them on 20 October and flew its first mission (a mandolin) four days afterwards. Unfortunately the new CO, S/Ldr Sample, was killed four days after this in a mid-air collision with a new pilot. Two days later another pilot crashed into the sea. After this bad start, No. 137 became non-operational for a period before resuming with coastal missions on 11 November. On one such mission on 12 February 1942, to escort some destroyers, they met by accident the fighter screen around the Scharnhorst and the Gneisenau, losing four pilots in the event.
In June 1943 the by now worn-out Whirlwinds were replaced with Hurricane Mk.IV fighter-bombers and in July the squadron flew operationally with them again until February 1944 when the Hurricane was exchanged for the more modern and higher performance Hawker Typhoon. 137 flew this new fighter-bomber operationally from 8 February 1944 until 25 August 1945, when it was disbanded at RAF Warmwell by being renumbered to 174 Squadron.
Organisation
Commanding officers
Squadron Bases
See also
List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
References
Notes
Bibliography
Bowyer, Michael J.F. and John D.R. Rawlings. Squadron Codes, 1937–56. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd., 1979. .
Flintham, Vic and Andrew Thomas. Combat Codes: A full explanation and listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied air force unit codes since 1938. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2003. .
Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. .
Jefford, C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988 (second edition 2001). .
Rawlings, John D.R. Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1969 (2nd edition 1976, reprinted 1978). .
External links
External links
History of squadron at RAF.mod.uk
RAFWeb - Air of Authority
137 Squadron |
23578163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar%20G%C3%B3mez | Bolívar Gómez | Bolívar Efrén Gómez Valencia (born July 31, 1977 in Esmeraldas) is an Ecuadorian football defender. He obtained one international cap for the Ecuador national football team, making his only appearance in 1999.
References
1977 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Esmeraldas, Ecuador
Association football defenders
Ecuadorian footballers
Ecuador international footballers
1999 Copa América players
C.D. El Nacional footballers
C.S.D. Macará footballers
Manta F.C. footballers |
44496752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold%20Wolfers | Arnold Wolfers | Arnold Oscar Wolfers (June 14, 1892July 16, 1968) was a Swiss-American lawyer, economist, historian, and international relations scholar, most known for his work at Yale University and for being a pioneer of classical international relations realism.
Educated in his native Switzerland and in Germany, Wolfers was a lecturer at the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik in Berlin in the late 1920s and then became its director in the early 1930s. Initially having some sympathies with the ideas of Nazi Germany, he left that country to become a visiting professor at Yale in 1933, stayed there, and became a U.S. citizen in 1939. In 1935 he was co-founder of the influential Yale Institute of International Studies. As master of Pierson College at Yale, he played a significant role during World War II by recruiting for the Office of Strategic Services. In 1957 he left Yale and became director of the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research at Johns Hopkins University, where he served in that role until his retirement in 1965.
Wolfers' two most known works are Britain and France Between Two Wars (1940), a study of two foreign policies during the interwar period, and Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics (1962), a collection of papers on international relations theory.
Early life and education
Arnold Oskar Wolfers (the spelling of the middle name later changed to Oscar) was born on June 14, 1892, in St. Gallen, Switzerland, to parents Otto Gustav Wolfers (1860–1945) and the former Clara Eugenie Hirschfeld (1869–1950). His father was a New York merchant who emigrated and became a naturalized Swiss citizen in 1905, while his mother was from a Jewish family in St. Gallen. Arnold grew up in St. Gallen and attended the gymnasium secondary school there, gaining his Abitur qualification.
Wolfers studied law at the University of Lausanne, University of Munich, and University of Berlin beginning in 1912, gaining a certificate (Zeugnis) from the last of these. He served as a first lieutenant in the infantry of the Swiss Army, with some of the service taking place from May 1914 to March 1915, part of which included Switzerland's maintaining a state of armed neutrality during World War I. He first began studying at the University of Zurich in the summer of 1915. He graduated summa cum laude from there with a J.U.D. degree, in both civil and church law,<ref name="whos-66">Who's Who in America 1966–1967, p. 2339.</ref> in April 1917.
Admitted to the bar in Switzerland in 1917, Wolfers practiced law in St. Gallen from 1917 to 1919. His observing of the war, and of the difficulties the Geneva-based League of Nations faced in the aftermath of the war, enhanced his natural Swiss skepticism and led him towards a conservative view regarding the ability of countries to avoid armed conflict. On the other hand, his Swiss background did provide to him an example of how a multi-lingual federation of cantons could prosper.
In 1918, Wolfers married Doris Emmy Forrer. She was the daughter of the Swiss politician Robert Forrer, who as a member of the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland from St. Gallen had been elected to the National Council in the 1908 Swiss federal election, retaining that seat until 1924 and chairing the radical-democratic group (1918–1924). She studied art, attending the École des Beaux-Arts in Geneva as well as the University of Geneva, and spent a year at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich during the early stages of World War I.
Wolfers studied economics and political science at the Universities of Zurich and Berlin from 1920 to 1924, with his study at the University of Zurich concluding with a certificate in April 1920. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Giessen in Germany in 1924.
During this time, Wolfers' abilities with languages allowed him to act as an interpreter in some situations. He first traveled to the United States in 1924 and delivered lectures to various audiences.
Academic career in Germany
By one later account, Wolfers emigrated to Germany following the conclusion of World War I, while another had him living in Germany starting in 1921. Contemporary newspaper stories published in the United States portray Wolfers as a Swiss citizen through at least 1926. In 1933, stories describe him as Swiss-German or a native Swiss and naturalized German. But in 1940 he is described as having been a Swiss before being naturalized as an American, something that a later historical account also states.
From 1924 to 1930, Wolfers was a lecturer in political science at the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik (Institute of Politics) in Berlin. Headed by Ernst Jaeckh, it was considered Berlin's best school for the study of political behavior. In 1927, he took on the additional duties of being studies supervisor. Wolfers was one of the early people in the circle around Lutheran theologian Paul Tillich, with he and Doris giving much-needed economic support to Tillich in Berlin during the hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic period. As such Wolfers might have been considered a religious socialist. The Hochschule attracted many religious socialists, who were interested in combining spiritual development with social reform in an effort to provide an attractive alternative to Marxism.
Wolfers became the director of the Hochschule für Politik from 1930 until 1933, with Jaeckh as president and chair. Wolfers and Jaeckh both gave lecture tours in America, made contacts there, and secured funding for the Hochschule's library and publications from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Rockefeller Foundation. Two endowed visiting lectureships were sponsored by Carnegie, one of which would be held by Hajo Holborn. In a period where there was considerable student unrest, Wolfers led popular classroom discussion sessions regarding the state of world affairs.
Between 1929 and 1933, Wolfers was a privatdozent (roughly, assistant professor) in economics at the University of Berlin. He was active in the International Student Service and presided over their annual conference in 1931, held in the midst of the Great Depression, at Mount Holyoke College in the United States. In his address before them, Wolfers urged more financial help from Great Britain and the United States to Continental Europe: "What Europe needs is not general declarations for peace and cooperation – people are getting sick of them. We need proposals to help overcome concrete pressing difficulties."
Wolfers, like other German academics, witnessed first-hand the demise of the Weimar Republic and the rise to power of the Nazi Party.Korenblat, "A School for the Republic?", p. 413. While some of the academics perceived immediately the reality of the Nazis, Wolfers, along with Jaeckh, did not. Wolfers had a belief in the great man theory, extended to the role of great nations, and was drawn to the notion of spectacular actions in international relations; as such he found some Nazi rhetoric appealing. In this manner Wolfers tended to be in agreement with some of the foreign policy objectives of the Nazi regime, especially in the East, thinking that those objectives could play a part in restoring the European balance of power. As for other aspects of the Nazis, Wolfers failed to comprehend the amount of racism and authoritarianism essential to Nazi ideology. In a November 1932 article in the journal International Affairs, Wolfers prophesized that "Hitler, with all his anti-democratic tendencies, is caught by the fact that he leads a mass movement... He may therefore become, against his own original programme, a force making for democracy. ... The further we go, the more this character of his movement as a safeguard against social reaction is likely to come to the fore."
Hitler seized control in the Machtergreifung in January 1933. At some point, Wolfers, a "half-Jew" (Halbjude) in the language of the Third Reich, was classified as "undesirable" (unerwünscht) by the new regime. In late April 1933, Wolfers was offered a position as a visiting professor of international relations at Yale University, and in late May, the appointment was publicly announced by Yale, with Wolfers being assigned to Yale's graduate school, where he was to lecture on world economics and European governments. Also in May, Wolfers served as general rapporteur to that year's International Studies Conference in London.
Master at Yale
Wolfers traveled to the United States on the SS Albert Ballin, arriving on August 11, 1933. He commented that Europeans generally felt threatened by U.S. monetary policy, but that people in Germany were sympathetic to U.S. leadership in trying to overcome the Depression.
In a November 1933 address at Yale, Wolfers described Hitler as saying that Germany would return to the League of Nations if reparations-based discrimination against her ended and that France and Germany could be allied against the Bolshevik threat from the east. Wolfers added, "Hitler's policy is not only an outgrowth of dire necessity. His party's emphasis is on domestic affairs. The 'militant' energies of Germany's soldier-like citizens are at last finding a field of action at home that satisfies all needs." In a February 1934 speech before the Foreign Policy Association in New York, Wolfers said, "The cause of present unrest is France's extravagant demands. ... Germany has lost her territorial cohesion; she has been forced to live in conflict with her Eastern neighbors, and is deprived of the most meager of self-defense." In 1934 the German embassy in Washington expressed satisfaction with the contents of Wolfers' lectures in the United States.
The contradictions inherent in the Nazi government's classification of Wolfers, compared to the Nazis' and Wolfers' somewhat complimentary views of each other at this time, have been noted by the German political scientist Rainer Eisfeld. Wolfers destroyed his personal and work files several times over the course of his career and thus it is difficult to know if his leaving Germany was for academic or political reasons or exactly what his thinking was at the time.
Intellectually, Wolfers' early work on international politics and economics was influenced by European conflicts and their effect upon the world and revealed something of a Realpolitik point of view. However he was not as heavily devoted to this perspective as was his colleague Nicholas J. Spykman. In terms of economics, Wolfers spoke somewhat favorably of New Deal initiatives such as the National Recovery Administration that sought to manage some competitive forces.
In 1935, Wolfers was named as professor of international relations at Yale. In taking the position, Wolfers was essentially proclaiming his lack of desire to return to Germany under Nazi rule. As part of gaining the position, Wolfers received an honorary A.M. from Yale in 1935, a standard practice at Yale when granting full professorships to scholars who did not previously have a Yale degree.
Also in 1935, Wolfers was appointed master of Pierson College at Yale, succeeding Alan Valentine. The college system had just been created at Yale two years earlier and masterships were sought after by faculty for the extra stipend and larger living environment they allotted. A master was expected to provide a civilizing influence to the resident students and much of that role was filled by Doris Wolfers. She decorated with eighteenth century Swiss furniture, played the host with enthusiasm, and together the couple made the Master's House at Pierson a center for entertaining on the campus second only to the house of the president of the university. When diplomats visited the campus, it was the Wolferses who provided the entertainment.
The couple collected art and in 1936 loaned some of their modern art to an exhibit at the Yale Gallery of the Fine Arts. Doris Wolfers became a frequent attendee or patroness at tea dances and other events to celebrate debutantes. He would accompany her to some university dances.
One former Yale undergraduate later said that he had lived in Pierson and that as head of the hall, Wolfers had been wiser and more useful regarding the practical issues of foreign policy than any of the faculty in political science. Veterans returning after the war would express how much they had missed Doris.
Another development in 1935 was that the Yale Institute of International Studies was created, with Wolfers as one of three founding members along with Frederick S. Dunn and Nicholas J. Spykman with Spykman as the first director. The new entity sought to use a "realistic" perspective to produce scholarly but useful research that would be useful to government decision makers. Wolfers was one of the senior academics who gave both the institute and Yale as a whole gravitas in the area and the nickname of the "Power School". The members of the institute launched a weekly seminar called "Where Is the World Going?" at which various current issues would be discussed, and from this Wolfers developed small study groups to address problems sent from the U.S. Department of State. Wolfers traveled to the State Department in Washington frequently and also discussed these matters with his friend and Yale alumnus Dean Acheson. Wolfers gained campus renown for his lectures on global interests and strategy.
Politically, Wolfers styled himself a "Tory-Liberal", perhaps making reference to the Tory Liberal coalition in Britain of that time.
Wolfers had a distinctive image on campus: tall and well-dressed with an aristocratic demeanor and a crisp voice that rotated between people in conversation "rather like a searchlight" in the words of one observer.
Whatever appeal the Nazis had held for Wolfers was had ended by the conclusion of the 1930s, and in 1939, Wolfers was naturalized as an American citizen. His 1940 book Britain and France Between Two Wars, a study of the foreign policies of the two countries in the interwar period, became influential. An assessment in The New York Times Book Review by Edgar Packard Dean said that the book was a "substantial piece of work" and that Wolfers handled his descriptions with "extraordinary impartiality" but that his analysis of French policy was stronger than of British policy. Another review in the same publication referred to Britain and France Between Two Wars as "a most excellent and carefully documented study" by an "eminent Swiss scholar".
World War II involvements
Wolfers actively assisted the U.S. war effort during World War II. From 1942 to 1944 he served as a special advisor and lecturer at the School of Military Government in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he conveyed his knowledge of Germany's society and government to those taking training courses to become part of a future occupying force. He served as an expert consultant to the Office of Provost Marshal General, also from 1942 to 1944. He was also a consultant to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1944 and 1945.
The masters at Yale served as contact points for recruiting appropriate students into the intelligence services, and according to the historian Robin Winks, none did so more than Wolfers, who made excellent use of his connections in Washington through the Yale Institute of International Studies. Overall a disproportionate number of intelligence workers came from Pierson College; in addition to Wolfers, other Pierson fellows who did recruiting included Wallace Notestein and C. Bradford Welles. Pierson College residents who later became intelligence figures included James Jesus Angleton, who often spent time in Wolfers' living room listening to poets such as Robert Frost that Wolfers brought in to read. Other attendees to these sessions included a future U.S. Poet Laureate, Reed Whittemore. Wolfers liked the young Angleton and kept in touch with him in subsequent years. Another protégé of Wolfers was Robert I. Blum, who became one of the early core members of the X-2 Counter Espionage Branch of the OSS, which provided liaison with the British in the exploitation of Ultra signals intelligence.
Wolfers had worked on a study of American diplomatic communications, including telecommunications and codes and ciphers. He thus became one of the few people to have a professional-level interest in intelligence matters before the war.
In addition, Anita Forrer, Doris's sister, became an OSS agent and conducted secret and dangerous operations in Switzerland on behalf of Allen Dulles. Before that, she had been a correspondent of poet Rainer Maria Rilke.
In June 1944, Wolfers was among a group of ten prominent Protestant clergy and laymen organized by the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace who issued a signed statement advocating a way of dealing with Germany after war. The statement said that Germany should not be left economically destitute or subjected to excessive reparations, as "an impoverished Germany will continue to be a menace to the peace of the world," and that punishment for German extermination campaigns against Jews and war crimes against those in occupied territories should be limited to those responsible and not extended to those just carrying out orders. A month after V-E Day, Wolfers had a letter published wherein he remarked upon "the shocking revelations" of Nazi concentration camps but still recommended "stern but humane rules" for directing the future of the German people.
Later Yale years
Wolfers was one of the contributors to Bernard Brodie's landmark 1946 volume The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order, which focused on the effect of the new atomic bomb on U.S.-Soviet relations.
He worked with Basil Duke Henning, the master of Saybrook College, on a study of what Soviet leaders would judge American foreign policy options to be if they used the European press for their information.
Wolfers continued to serve as a recruiter for the Central Intelligence Agency when it was formed after the war.
He was a strong influence on John A. McCone, who later became Director of Central Intelligence (1961–65).
A distinguishing feature of Wolfers' career was his familiarity with power and his policy-oriented focus, which assumed that academia should try to shape the policies of government. A noted American international relations academic, Kenneth W. Thompson, subsequently wrote that Wolfers, as the most policy-oriented of the Yale institute's scholars, "had an insatiable yearning for the corridors of power" and because of that may have compromised his scholarly detachment and independence.
Wolfers was a member of the resident faculty of the National War College in 1947 and a member of its board of consultants from 1947 to 1951. He was a consultant to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs during 1951 and served as President of the World Peace Foundation during 1953. In 1953 he was named a member of the board of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation.
The Wolferses, who had spent summers in Switzerland in the prewar years, considered moving back to Switzerland after the war, but decided to stay in the United States.
In 1947 the couple commissioned a summer home on a Naskeag Point bluff in Brooklin, Maine. Designed by Walter Gropius and The Architect's Collective, the innovative Bauhaus-influenced design incorporated a gull-wing roof and large overhangs; the adventuresome design reflected the couple's artistic nature and cosmopolitan outlook. The home was featured in House & Garden magazine in 1948 (and would be featured again in Portland Monthly Magazine in 2013).
Wolfers was named a Sterling professor of international relations in 1949, which remains Yale's highest level of academic rank. He was, as one author later stated, "a revered doyen in the field of international relations". He was also named to direct two new entities at Yale, the Division of Social Sciences and the Social Science Planning Center. He stepped down as master of Pierson College at that time; President of Yale Charles Seymour said, "I regret exceedingly that we must take from Pierson College a master who has conducted its affairs with wisdom and understanding for fourteen years." The Wolferses continued to reside in New Haven.
In 1950 and 1951, the Yale Institute of International Studies ran into conflict with a new President of Yale University, A. Whitney Griswold, who felt that scholars should conduct research as individuals rather than in cooperative groups and that the institute should do more historical, detached analysis rather than focus on current issues and recommendations on policy. Most of the institute's scholars left Yale, with many of them going to Princeton University and founding the Center of International Studies there in 1951, but Wolfers remained at Yale for several more years.
In May 1954, Wolfers attended the Conference on International Politics, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation and convened in Washington, D.C., which brought together Hans Morgenthau, Reinhold Niebuhr, Walter Lippmann, Paul Nitze, Kenneth W. Thompson, Kenneth Waltz, Dean Rusk, and others. The conference has since been seen as an attempt to define an international relations theory through modern realism.
Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research
Wolfers left Yale in 1957, at the age of 65, but retained an emeritus title there. He was appointed director of the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research at Johns Hopkins University. This was a new institute founded by Paul Nitze, who wanted to create a center within the School of Advanced International Studies that would join academics and policymakers. Unsettled by some feuding going on at Yale regarding the future of international relations study there, Wolfers was willing to leave Yale and move to Washington to take on the new position.
At the Washington Center, Wolfers brought academics and government officials together to discuss national security policy. Nitze would later say that Wolfers had been an asset in running discussions wherein members were encouraged to bring forth their ideas and defend them while others kept an open mind. Wolfers was willing to question prevailing academic opinions and ideologies and, in Nitze's words, "brought a wind of fresh air to what had been a fairly stodgy and opinionated group. He was a joy to work with." Wolfers' own thoughts at the time still revolved around classical balance of power relationships. Overall, the directorship of Wolfers added an academic prestige to the center that it had previously not had.
Wolfers consulted for the Institute for Defense Analyses in 1960 and 1961 and was a consultant to the State Department from 1960 on. He also consulted for the U.S. Department of the Army.
A 1962 book from Wolfers, Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics, presented sixteen essays on international relations theory, most of which had already been published in some form but some of which were completely new. Many of the essays had been influential when first published, and the book came to be viewed as a classic. In a foreword, Reinhold Niebuhr said that Wolfers was more of political philosopher than a political scientist who nonetheless sought empirical verification of his theories and suppositions.
Wolfers belonged to a number of academic organizations and clubs, including the International Institute for Strategic Studies (for which he was a member of the international advisory council), the American Political Science Association, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Century Association, and the Cosmos Club.
Final years
Wolfers retired from the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research in 1965 but remained affiliated to it with the status of special adviser.
Wolfers destroyed his files on three occasions when undergoing changes of position, in 1949, 1957, and 1966.
Beginning in 1958, the Wolferses spent more time at their Maine house, even though he officially still lived in Washington. They entertained in Maine often, bringing in guests of all different political persuasions and artistic endeavors.
Encouraged by the Wolferses' acquaintance Carl Jung, who thought that Doris had a greater creative instinct than her role as Arnold's secretary and amanuensis made use of, she had resumed her career as an artist in the early-to-mid 1950s. She specialized in embroidery-based textual montages. Beginning in 1960, she had her work exhibited at galleries in Washington, New York, Rhode Island, and Maine.
Wolfers died on July 16, 1968, in a hospital in Blue Hill, Maine. Doris focused even more on her artistic endeavors after he was gone and would live until 1987.
Awards and honors
Wolfers received an honorary Litt.D. from Mount Holyoke College in 1934. He had a long relationship with that school, including giving the Founder's Day address in 1933, conducting public assemblies in 1941, and delivering a commencement address in 1948. Wolfers was also granted an honorary LL.D. from the University of Rochester in 1945.
An endowed chair, the Arnold Wolfers Professor of Political Science, was created at Yale following Wolfers' death, funded by a $600,000 gift from Arthur K. Watson of IBM. Watson's gift was subsequently increased to $1 million.
Legacy
Two Festschrift volumes were published in tribute to Wolfers. The first, Foreign Policy in the Sixties: The Issues and the Instruments: Essays in Honor of Arnold Wolfers, edited by Roger Hilsman and Robert C. Good, came out in 1965 during Wolfers' lifetime. It largely featured contributions from his former students, including ones from Raymond L. Garthoff, Laurence W. Martin, Lucian W. Pye, W. Howard Wriggins, Ernest W. Lefever, and the editors. The second, Discord and Collaboration in a New Europe: Essays in Honor of Arnold Wolfers, edited by Douglas T. Stuart and Stephen F. Szabo, came out in 1994 based on a 1992 conference at Dickinson College. It featured contributions from Martin again, Catherine McArdle Kelleher, Vojtech Mastny, and others, as well as the editors.
In terms of international relations theory, the editors of the second Festschrift characterize Wolfers as "the reluctant realist".
Wolfers could be categorized as belonging to "progressive realists", figures who often shared legal training, left-leaning traits in their thinking, and institutionally reformist goals. Wolfers' focus on morality and ethics in international relations, which he viewed as something that could transcend demands for security depending upon circumstances, is also unusual for a realist. Martin views Wolfers as having "swam against the tide" within the realist school, taking "a middle line that makes him seem in retrospect a pioneer revisionist of realism." But Wolfers did not subscribe to alternative explanations for international relations, such as behaviorism or quantification, instead preferring to rely upon, as he said, "history, personal experience, introspection, common sense and the gift of logical reason".
The progressive, democratic reputation that the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik enjoyed for decades became diminished as a result of scholarly research performed in the latter part of the twentieth century which showed that the Hochschule's relationship with the Nazi Party was not the one of pure opposition that had been portrayed. With those findings, Wolfers' reputation in connection to his role there suffered somewhat as well. By one account, it took six decades for any of Wolfers' former students in the United States to concede that Wolfers, even after having left Germany and finding a secure position at Yale, had still during the 1930s shown some ideological sympathies with the Nazi regime.
Two of Wolfers' formulations have often been repeated. The first provides a metaphor for one model of who the participants are in international relations: states-as-actors behaving as billiard balls that collide with one another. The second provides two components for the notion of national security; Wolfers wrote that "security, in an objective sense, measures the absence of threats to acquired values, in a subjective sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked."
Wolfers found composition difficult and his written output was small, with Britain and France Between Two Wars and Discord and Collaboration being his two major works. Much of his influence lay in how he brought people and discussions together in productive ways and bridged gaps between theory and practice.
But what Wolfers did write found an audience; by 1994, Discord and Collaboration was in its eighth printing, twenty-five years after his death. In the introduction to the second Festschrift, Douglas T. Stuart wrote,
"The book stands the test of time for two reasons. First, the author addresses enduring aspects of international relations and offers insightful recommendations about the formulation and execution of foreign policy. Second, Wolfers's writings are anchored in a sophisticated theory of situational ethics that is valid for any historical period, but that is arguably more relevant today than it was when Wolfers was writing."
Nevertheless, Wolfers' name is often not remembered as well as it might. In a 2008 interview, Robert Jervis, the Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics at Columbia University, listed international relations scholars who had influenced him, and he concluded by saying, "then there is one scholar who's not as well known as he should be: Arnold Wolfers, who was I think the most sophisticated, subtle, and well-grounded of the early generation of Realists." In his 2011 book, political theorist William E. Scheuerman posits three "towering figures" of mid-twentieth century classical realism – E. H. Carr, Hans J. Morgenthau, Reinhold Niebuhr – and next includes Wolfers, along with John H. Herz and Frederick L. Schuman, in a group of "prominent postwar US political scientists, relatively neglected today but widely respected at mid century".
On the other hand, in a 2011 remark the British international relations scholar Michael Cox mentioned Wolfers as one of the "giants" of international relations theory, along with Hans Morgenthau, Paul Nitze, William T. R. Fox, and Reinhold Niebuhr.
In the 2011 Encyclopedia of Power, Douglas T. Stuart wrote that "More than 40 years after his death, Arnold Wolfers remains one of the most influential experts in the field of international relations."
Published works
Die Verwaltungsorgane der Aktiengesellschaft nach schweizerischem Recht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verhältnisses von Verwaltungsrat und Direktion (Sauerländer, 1917) (Zürcher Beiträge zur Rechtswissenschaft 66).
Die Aufrichtung der Kapitalherrschaft in der abendländischen Geschichte (1924, thesis).
"Über monopolistische und nichtmonopolistische Wirtschaftsverbände", Archiv für Sozialwissenschaften und Sozialpolitik 59 (1928), 291–321.
"Ueberproduktion, fixe Kosten und Kartellierung", Archiv für Sozialwissenschaften und Sozialpolitik 60 (1928), 382–395.
Amerikanische und deutsche Löhne: eine Untersuchung über die Ursachen des hohen Lohnstandes in den Vereinigten Staaten (Julius Springer, 1930).
Das Kartellproblem im Licht der deutschen Kartellliteratur (Duncker & Humblot, 1931).
"Germany and Europe", Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs 9 (1930), 23–50.
"The Crisis of the Democratic Régime in Germany", International Affairs 11 (1932), 757–783.
Britain and France Between Two Wars: Conflicting Strategies of Peace Since Versailles (Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1940); revised edition (W. W. Norton, 1966)
The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order (Harcourt Brace, 1946) [co-author with Bernard Brodie, Frederick Sherwood Dunn, William T. R. Fox, Percy Ellwood Corbett]
The Anglo-American Tradition in Foreign Affairs (Yale University Press, 1956) [co-editor with Laurence W. Martin]
Alliance Policy in the Cold War (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1959) [editor]
Developments in Military Technology and Their Impact on United States Strategy and Foreign Policy (Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research for U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 1959) [co-author with Paul Nitze and James E. King]
Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1962)
Bibliography
References
External links
Guide to the Arnold Oscar Wolfers Papers – Yale University Library
Entry at Personenlexikon Internationale Beziehungen virtuell (in German)
Interview with Arnold Wolfers (in German) in the online archive of the Österreichische Mediathek
1892 births
1968 deaths
University of Zurich alumni
University of Giessen alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
20th-century Swiss lawyers
Swiss military officers
Swiss emigrants to Germany
Swiss economists
Swiss political scientists
Swiss emigrants to the United States
American people of Swiss-German descent
Yale University faculty
Yale Sterling Professors
Johns Hopkins University people
People from the canton of St. Gallen
People from Berlin
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
People from Hancock County, Maine
Writers from Washington, D.C.
International relations scholars
American political philosophers
20th-century American philosophers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Historians from Connecticut
Deutsche Hochschule für Politik faculty |
44496760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppen | Hoppen | Hoppen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dave Hoppen (born 1964), American basketball player
Kelly Hoppen (born 1959), British interior designer, writer, and entrepreneur
Larry Hoppen (1951–2012), American musician
See also
Hopper (surname)
Joppen |
44496783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.F.C.%20Bridgnorth | A.F.C. Bridgnorth | AFC Bridgnorth is a football club based in the town of Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Crown Meadow.
The club badge depicts the town hall in Bridgnorth's high town.
History
Bridgnorth Town
A Bridgnorth Town existed in the 19th century, joining the Shropshire & District League in 1899. Another club by the same name was formed in July 1938 and joined the Worcestershire Combination for the 1938–39 season. However, the club folded after one season due to the outbreak of World War II.
After being refounded, in 1968 the club moved up to the Worcestershire Combination, which had just been renamed the Midland Combination, joining Division One. In 1970–71 the club became one of a small number of English clubs to win the Welsh Amateur Cup, beating Welshpool 2–1 in the final. They were runners-up in 1976–77 and won the league title in 1979–80. After finishing as runners-up again the following season, the club won a second Division One title in 1982–83, earning promotion to the Midland Division of the Southern League.
After thirteen seasons in the Southern League Midland Division, Bridgnorth finished bottom of the table in Southern League and were relegated to the Midland Alliance. They remained in the Alliance until finishing bottom of the league in 2004–05, after which they were relegated to the Premier Division of the Midland Combination. After a season in the Combination the club transferred laterally to the Premier Division of the West Midlands (Regional) League. They were league champions in 2007–08 and were promoted back to the Midland Alliance. Despite finishing seventh in the league in 2012–13, the club folded due to financial problems.
AFC Bridgnorth
After Bridgnorth Town folded, AFC Bridgnorth were established as a replacement. The new club started two levels lower, in Division One of the West Midlands (Regional) League. They won Division One at the first attempt, earning promotion to the Premier Division. In 2014–15 they were Premier Division runners-up, a feat matched the following season. At the end of the 2020–21 season the club were transferred to Division One of the Midland League when the Premier Division of the West Midlands (Regional) League lost its status as a step six division.
Honours
Bridgnorth Town
Midland Combination
Champions 1979–80, 1982–83
West Midlands (Regional) League
Premier Division champions 2007–08
Welsh Amateur Cup
Winners 1970–71
Shropshire Senior Cup
Winners 1985–86
AFC Bridgnorth
West Midlands (Regional) League
Division One champions 2013–14
Records
Bridgnorth Town
Best FA Cup performance: Third qualifying round, 1983–84, 1984–85
Best FA Trophy performance: Second qualifying round, 1994–95
Best FA Vase performance: Fifth round, 1975–76, 1993–94
AFC Bridgnorth
Best FA Cup performance: Preliminary round, 2015–16
Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2015–16
See also
AFC Bridgnorth players
AFC Bridgnorth managers
Bridgnorth Town F.C. players
Bridgnorth Town F.C. managers
References
External links
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Shropshire
Association football clubs established in 2013
2013 establishments in England
Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth
Midland Football Combination
Southern Football League clubs
Midland Football Alliance
Bridgnorth
Midland Football League |
17338813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305%20Fulham%20F.C.%20season | 2004–05 Fulham F.C. season | The 2004–05 season was Fulham F.C.'s fourth consecutive season in the top flight of English football, the Premier League. They were managed by former player, Chris Coleman, who managed to guide them into a mid-table position of 13th.
Despite not being involved in a relegation dogfight at the end of the season, they still had a big say in deciding who went down as they beat Norwich City 6–0 on the last day to relegate the East Anglians and save West Bromwich Albion.
In other competitions, they reached the quarter finals of the League Cup, where they lost to Chelsea, and also reached the fifth round of the FA Cup.
Players
First-team squad
Squad at end of season
Reserve squad
Statistics
Appearances and goals
As of 31 June 2005
|-
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|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|}
Starting 11
Considering starts in all competitions
GK: #1, Edwin van der Sar, 39
RB: #2, Moritz Volz, 36
CB: #6, Zat Knight, 42
CB: #21, Zesh Rehman, 21 (#37, Liam Rosenior, also has 21 starts)
LB: #3, Carlos Bocanegra, 33
CM: #4, Steed Malbranque, 27
CM: #14, Papa Bouba Diop, 35
CM: #7, Mark Pembridge, 31
RF: #11, Luís Boa Morte, 37
CF: #9, Andy Cole, 37
LF: #17, Tomasz Radzinski, 31
Transfers
In
Out
Competitions
Overall
Premier League: 13th
League Cup: Quarter-finals
FA Cup: Fifth round
Premier League
Premier League table
Results summary
Results by round
Results
Premier League
League Cup
FA Cup
References
Notes
External links
Official Fulham website
Statistics from Soccerbase
Fulham F.C. seasons
Fulham |
17338819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20cow | Blue cow | Blue Cow may refer to:
Blue Cow (cartoon), a cartoon cow who appears in the UK television programme The Story Makers
Blue Cow, New South Wales, a village in NSW, Australia
The Blue Cow, one of the "blue" public houses and inns in Grantham
Belgian Blue, a breed of cattle
Nilgai, an Indian Antelope whose name translates to "Blue Cow" |
17338822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mum%2C%20Chipwi | Mum, Chipwi | Mum is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moola%20Bulla | Moola Bulla | Moola Bulla Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is approximately west of Halls Creek and south of Warmun, and occupies an area of . It bisects the watershed of the Fitzroy River and Ord Rivers.
Moola Bulla was established in 1910 as a government-run station for the punishment of Aboriginal people, and remains an area that indigenous peoples avoid. With increasingly bloody conflict between Aborigines and pastoralists, it was hoped that opening a ration station would reduce the need for Aborigines to kill livestock for food, and that they could instead be trained for work on other cattle stations. The station was acquired for £18,061, and a manager and staff were appointed. The station was proclaimed a reserve and used as a camping ground for the local Aboriginal peoples, who were free to come and go as they pleased. The property's name is Aboriginal [which language?] for meat plenty.
By 1912, the property carried a herd of approximately 12,000 head of cattle, and the following year turned off 650 head and slaughtered 400 head for their own consumption. In 1916, it occupied an area of , about long and wide.
The homestead was stocked with 13,000 head of cattle and 500 head of horses in 1916. In 1917 the property recorded over rain, far above the average of the previous few years and guaranteeing a good next season.
By 1920 the property occupied an area of and was stocked with 14,000 cattle. Employees of the station numbered close to 260, of which seven were of European descent. Aboriginal people such as young artist Daisy Andrews and her family, originally from the Walmajarri desert tribe, were sent to work at the station by authorities to prevent them from returning to their former tribal lands.
In 1955, the state government sold the station to Queensland pastoralist Allan Goldman for £100,000. When Goldman bought Moola Bulla station, its 200 Aboriginal residents were given 24 hours to leave, and Moola Bulla sent truckloads of them to United Aborigines Mission at Fitzroy Crossing. Goldman sold the station two years later, for £150,000, to a syndicate of investors including Northern Territory grazier H. J. Mortimer.
Peter Camm had been poised to buy the station, but the deal fell through when he was charged with cattle theft. The property was then acquired in 2001 by a syndicate of investors, including Andrew Cranswick, for 18 million. In 2006, the syndicate sold it to agribusiness company Great Southern Group for an estimated 30 million.
Following Great Southern Group's 2009 collapse, Moola Bulla was sold in 2010 to its former part-owner, the South African Western Australian Pastoral Company (also owner of Beefwood Park) for 20 million, with 25,000 head of cattle.
In December 2014, the pastoral lease, along with Mt. Amhurst, Beefwood Park and Shamrock Stations, was to become part of Gina Rinehart's Liveringa Station Beef company, pending approval of higher stock numbers by the Western Australian Pastoral Board. However, the deal fell through and the property is still owned by SAWA.
See also
List of ranches and stations
List of pastoral leases in Western Australia
List of the largest stations in Australia
References
Pastoral leases in Western Australia
Stations (Australian agriculture)
Kimberley (Western Australia)
1910 establishments in Australia |
44496804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20McCarthy%20%28pianist%29 | Nicholas McCarthy (pianist) | Nicholas McCarthy is a British classical pianist. Born without a right hand, he was the first left-hand-only pianist to graduate from the Royal College of Music in London in its 130-year history.
McCarthy was raised in Tadworth, Surrey. He began his piano studies at 14, and by 17 was accepted into the Junior department at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he won the annual piano prize, on the proviso that he focus on repertoire written specifically for the left hand. He then enrolled in the keyboard department at the Royal College of Music, becoming its first left-hand-only graduate in 2012.
McCarthy was an original member of the Paraorchestra, an ensemble founded by conductor Charles Hazlewood in 2011, which performed alongside Coldplay during the closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London in September 2012. He left the Paraorchestra shortly after to pursue several international solo tours.
On 23 September 2013 McCarthy spoke of his experiences at a TED conference held at the Royal Albert Hall. In 2014 he featured as a guest presenter for the BBC Proms televised broadcast.
On 4 November 2015, McCarthy appeared on BBC Radio 4's Front Row programme, during which he discussed the recording of his debut album Solo, which had recently reached Number 4 in the classical music charts.
Arrangements
Gershwin Summertime (Porgy and Bess) Arranged for the Left Hand Alone
Mascagni Intermezzo (Cavalleria Rusticana) Arranged for the Left Hand Alone
Rachmaninov Prelude Op. 23 No. 5 G minor Arranged for the Left Hand Alone
References
External links
Official website
Living people
English classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Classical pianists who played with one arm
21st-century classical pianists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century British male musicians |
44496805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Rosas%20Pfingsthorn | Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn | Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn (Valparaíso, August 7, 1931 – Santiago, October 5, 2007) was a Chilean orchestra conductor and one of the founders of the Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile.
Academics
Fernando Rosas completed studies in law and social sciences in the Catholic University of Valparaíso in 1953. While he was there, he pushed for the creation of the university's arts and music institute.
He studied and completed his musical education in Musikhochschule Detmold, Germany, with a scholarship provided by the German Academic Exchange Service.
He also completed a bachelor's degree in Musical Interpretation at the Catholic University of Chile.
He won a scholarship on the Fulbright Program to Juilliard School, where he studied between 1968 and 1970.
Life and work
Fernando Rosas married twice and had six children: Felipe, Magdalena, Bernardita, Jimena, Fernando and Ana Maria.
In 1960, he founded the music department of the Catholic University of Valparaíso.
In 1964, he was made director of the music department at the Catholic University of Chile, where he founded its Chamber Orchestra and Music School. He remained as director of the orchestra for 12 years, performing concerts, recording several albums, and on many occasions taking part in TV shows. He took the first Chilean orchestra on tour through Europe, and performed in the USA and the other countries of America with the same orchestra.
In 1976 he created the “Fundación Beethoven” (Beethoven foundation), with Adolfo Flores, and was its president from 1989 until his death in 2007. One of the achievements of this foundation was the creation of Radio Beethoven, one of the radio stations in Chile dedicated to classical music. The same year, he organized the first edition of the "Temporada Internacional de Conciertos del Teatro Oriente" (Teatro Oriente International Season of Concerts) in Santiago. This festival featured some of the greatest international performers and soloists in classical music.
In 1982, Rosas became director of the Chilean Education Ministry Orchestra, known today as Chilean Chamber Orchestra. or "Orquesta de Cámara de Chile" With this orchestra he toured throughout Chile, Europe and America several times, taking part in international festivals.
He died on Friday October 5, 2007.
Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile
In 1991, Fernando Rosas received a special invitation from the Venezuelan Minister of Culture, José Antonio Abreu, to meet the country's Youth Orchestras. As a result of this experience, the Beethoven Foundation (directed by him) and Chilean Education Ministry launched a program to create and support youth orchestras in Chile in 1992. The program worked with the help of instructors that travelled to Antofagasta, Copiapó, La Serena, Talca, Chillán, Valdivia and Temuco (the cities covered by the program) teaching orchestra members and encouraging other young people to join.
As part of this program, he created the National Youth Symphony Orchestra in 1994, a group of 100 young adults and teenagers between the ages of 14 and 25, selected in a public competition. Rosas would be its chief conductor until late 2001, performing throughout Chile. In May 2001, he proposed and helped create the "Fundación Nacional de Orquestas Juveniles" or Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile, along with Luisa Durán, and became its executive director.
Awards
Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn received many awards throughout his career, including:
Premio Annual de la Crítica Chilena (Annual Chilean Critics Award)
Medalla de Oro de la Municipalidad de Providencia (Municipality of Providencia Gold Medal)
Medalla de la ciudad de Frankfurt (Frankfurt Medal)
Medalla al Director Cultural más Destacado otorgada por Amigos del Arte (Friends of Art Medal for Best Cultural Director).
Cruz de Plata de la República de Austria (Austria Silver Cross)
Premio “Figura Fundamental de la Música Chilena” (SCD Leading Figure in Chilean Music).
Condecoración “Andrés Bello” otorgada por el Presidente Rafael Caldera, por la labor desarrollada en el ámbito cultural, con ocasión de su visita a Venezuela junto a la Orquesta Nacional Juvenil. (Distinction awarded by Venezuelan President Rafael Caldera, for work in the cultural field during his visit to Venezuela with the National Youth Orchestra.
Premio a la Música Presidente de la República(Presidential Prize for Music, 2002)
Premio "Domingo Santa Cruz" de la Academia de Bellas Artes del Instituto de Chile (Domingo Santa Cruz Prize from the Fine Arts Academy, 2003)
Orden al Mérito Gabriela Mistral en grado de Gran Oficial (Gabriela Mistral Order of Merit, Grand Officer, 2004)
Premio TVN a la trayectoria (TVN Lifetime Achievement Award, 2005)
Premio APES por aporte a la formación y desarrollo de orquestas juveniles (APES Award for contribution to the training and development of youth orchestras, 2005).
National Prize for Musical Arts of Chile, in recognition for his constant efforts to promote classical music among young people (2006)
Medalla Héroe de la Paz San Alberto Hurtado, otorgada por la Universidad Alberto Hurtado, (Saint Alberto Hurtado Peace Medal, August 30, 2007).
See also
Music of Chile
Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile
References
External links
Fundacion Beethoven
20th-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American conductors (music)
Juilliard School alumni
1931 births
2007 deaths
Chilean conductors (music)
Musicians from Valparaíso
American male conductors (music)
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians |
44496809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20opertalis | Cliniodes opertalis | Cliniodes opertalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found at low elevations in Peru, southern Venezuela and Brazil (Rondônia).
The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm. The forewing costa and basal area are brownish grey, sometimes with dark red scales. The medial area is greyish brown and the postmedial and terminal areas are brown or reddish brown. The hindwings are translucent white with a black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in May, August and November.
Etymology
The species name refers to the similarity to Cliniodes opalalis and is derived from Latin opertus (meaning hidden).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
20471025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efren%20Torres | Efren Torres | Efren Torres born La Palma, Mexico,(November 29, 1943 – February 25, 2010) was a Mexican professional boxer, who was world champion in the flyweight division. Torres was born in La Palma, Mexico in 1943, and spent most of his early life in his family town of Guadalajara.
Professional career
Known as "El Alacrán" (the Scorpion), Torres turned pro in 1961 and in 1969 after two unsuccessful bids at a major title, he defeated WBC and Lineal Champion Chartchai Chionoi of Thailand by decision to become the flyweight world champion. He lost the title in his second defense to Chartchai Chionoi by decision in 1970. He retired in 1972.
Honours
Torres was inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame in the Class of 2007.
Professional boxing record
See also
List of flyweight boxing champions
List of WBC world champions
List of Mexican boxing world champions
References
External links
Efren Torres - CBZ Profile
1943 births
Boxers from Michoacán
Flyweight boxers
World boxing champions
World flyweight boxing champions
World Boxing Council champions
2010 deaths
Mexican male boxers |
17338823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Kennington | Eric Kennington | Eric Henri Kennington (12 March 1888 – 13 April 1960) was an English sculptor, artist and illustrator, and an official war artist in both World Wars.
As a war artist, Kennington specialised in depictions of the daily hardships endured by soldiers and airmen. In the inter-war years he worked mostly on portraits and a number of book illustrations. The most notable of his book illustrations were for T. E. Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Kennington was also a gifted sculptor, best known for his 24th East Surrey Division War Memorial in Battersea Park, for his work on the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon and for the effigy of Lawrence at Wareham in Dorset.
Biography
Early life
Kennington was born in Chelsea, London, the second son of the genre and portrait painter, Thomas Benjamin Kennington (1856–1916), a founder member of the New English Art Club. He was educated at St Paul's School and the Lambeth School of Art. Kennington first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1908. At the International Society in April 1914 Kennington exhibited a series of paintings and drawings of costermongers which sold well and allowed him to set up a studio off Kensington High Street in London.
First World War
At the start of World War I, Kennington enlisted with the 13th (Kensington) Battalion London Regiment on 6 August 1914. He fought on the Western Front, but was wounded in January 1915 and evacuated back to England. Kennington was injured while attempting to clear a friend's jammed rifle and he lost one toe and was fortunate not to lose a foot due to infection. He spent four months in hospital before being discharged as unfit in June 1915. During his convalescence, he spent six months painting The Kensingtons at Laventie, a group portrait of his own infantry platoon, Platoon No 7, 'C' Company. Kennington himself is the figure third from the left, wearing a balaclava. When exhibited in the spring of 1916, its portrayal of exhausted soldiers caused a sensation. Painted in reverse on glass, the painting is now in the Imperial War Museum and was widely praised for its technical virtuosity, iconic colour scheme, and its "stately presentation of human endurance, of the quiet heroism of the rank and file".
Kennington visited the Somme in December 1916 as a semi-official artist visitor before, back in London, producing six lithographs under the title Making Soldiers for the Ministry of Information's Britain's Efforts and Ideals portfolio of images which were exhibited in Britain and abroad and were also sold as prints to raise money for the war effort. In May 1917 he accepted an official war artist commission from the Department of Information. Kennington was commissioned to spend a month on the Western Front but he applied for numerous extensions and eventually spent seven and a half months in France. Kennington was originally based at the Third Army Headquarters and would spend time at the front lines near Villers-Faucon. Later during this tour, his friend William Rothenstein was also appointed as a war artist and they worked together at Montigny Farm and at Devise on the Somme, where they often came under shell-fire. Kennington spent most of his time painting portraits, which he was happy to do, but became increasingly concerned about his lack of access to the front line and that the official censor was removing the names of his portrait subjects. Although Kennington was among the first of the official war artists Britain sent to France, he was not afforded anything like the status and facilities that the others, in particular William Orpen and Muirhead Bone enjoyed. Whereas Kennington was working for neither salary nor expenses and had no official car or staff, Orpen was given the rank of major, had his own military aide, a car and driver, plus, at his own expense, a batman and assistant to accompany him. Kennington could be aggressive and irritable and at times complained bitterly about his situation, claiming he must have been the cheapest artist employed by the Government and that "Bone had a commission and Orpen had a damned good time".
During his time in France, Kennington produced 170 charcoal, pastel and watercolours before returning to London in March 1918. Whilst in France in 1918, Kennington was admitted to a Casualty Clearing Station at Tincourt-Boucly to be treated for trench fever. There he made a number of sketches and drawings of men injured during the bombardment that preceded the German 1918 Spring Offensive. Some of these drawings became the basis of the completed painting Gassed and Wounded.
Throughout June and July 1918 an exhibition of Kennington's work, "The British Soldier", was held in London and received great reviews and some public acclaim. Despite this, Kennington was unhappy in his dealings with Department of Information, mainly concerning the censoring of his paintings, and he resigned his war artist commission with the British. In November 1918 Kennington was commissioned by the Canadian War Memorials Scheme to depict Canadian troops in Europe. That month he returned to France as a temporary first lieutenant attached to the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), CEF. The eight months Kennington spent in Germany, Belgium and France, working for the Canadians, resulted in some seventy drawings.
1920s
At an exhibition of his war art in London, Kennington met T. E. Lawrence who became a great influence on him. Kennington spent the first half of 1921 travelling through Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine drawing portraits of Arab subjects. These were displayed at an exhibition in October 1921 and some of the drawings were used as illustrations for Lawrence's The Seven Pillars of Wisdom, for which Kennington worked as the art editor. Years later, in 1935, Kennington was to serve as one of the six pallbearers at Lawrence's funeral.
In 1922 Kennington began to experiment with stone carving and soon undertook his first public commission, the War Memorial to the 24th Division in Battersea Park which was unveiled in October 1924. The same month he held his first exhibition which focused on sculpture rather than his paintings and drawings, although he continued to accept portrait commissions and other work. These included the original dust jacket design for George Bernard Shaw's book The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism.
During the 1920s, Kennington worked on a frieze for the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine intended to be situated above the School's Keppel Street entrance. The stone panel depicts a mother and child being protected from a fanged serpent by a nude, bearded, knife-wielding father. However, due to the prominent display of male genitalia, the trustees of the School would not allow it to be placed above the School's entrance unless Kennington added a well placed loin cloth. He refused and the work was placed above the entrance of the library where it remains. In 1966, when the library's mezzanine floor was constructed, a large crack formed and was subsequently painted to disguise the damage.
In 1922, Kennington married Edith Cecil, daughter of Lord Francis Horace Pierrepont Cecil (who was second son of William Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Exeter), with whom he had a son and a daughter. Edith, who was already married to William Hanbury-Tracy (5th Baron Sudeley), fell in love with Kennington while he was painting her husband's picture. They both remained good friends with Edith's ex-husband.
1930s
Throughout the late 1920s and the 1930s, Kennington produced a number of notable public sculptures,
September 1926; a bronze bust of T. E. Lawrence which in 1936 was unveiled in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral
July 1929; three nine foot high stone figures of British soldiers for the Imperial War Graves Commission Memorial to the Missing, the Soissons Memorial
1931; statue of Thomas Hardy which was unveiled in Dorchester by J. M. Barrie on 2 September that year
September 1931; a series of five allegorical reliefs, entitled Love, Jollity, Treachery, War and Life & Death, on the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre building in Stratford on Avon.
December 1936; the Comet Inn pillar, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
1937-1939; a life-sized effigy, in Portland stone, of T. E. Lawrence for St Martin's Church, Wareham, Dorset.
Second World War
By November 1938 Kennington was certain that another World War was inevitable and he approached the Home Office with a proposal to establish a group to design camouflage schemes for large public buildings. Alongside Richard Carline, Leon Underwood and others he worked in a section attached to the Air Raid Precautions Department of the Home Office until war broke out.
At the start of the Second World War, Kennington produced a number of pastel portraits of Royal Navy officers for the War Artists' Advisory Committee (WAAC), on short-term contracts. These portraits were among the highlights of the first WAAC exhibition at the National Gallery in the summer of 1940. Kennington also painted a portrait of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound. Pound was seriously ill when Kennington sketched him and although the Admiralty were pleased with the image they refused permission for it to be displayed until after Pound died in October 1943. Kennington next painted several younger seamen, several of whom had survived shipwrecks. By May 1940 Kennington was frustrated by WAAC's lack of urgency in putting forward subjects for him to paint and resigned his contract. He joined the newly formed Home Guard and was given command of a six-man section at Ipsden.
In August 1940 the WAAC Committee offered him a full-time salaried contract to work for the Air Ministry, which he accepted. Among Kennington's first RAF portraits was one of Squadron Leader Roderick Learoyd VC. The sitting took place on the afternoon of 7 September 1940 at the Air Ministry building in London and was interrupted by an air-raid siren which, after Learoyd had looked outside to see where the German planes were heading, the two men ignored. By March 1941 Kennington was based at RAF Wittering, a Night Fighter base. Here, as well as portraits Kennington produced some more imaginative works, including In the Flare Path and Stevens' Rocket. Kennington next spent some time at Bomber Command bases in Norfolk before moving to RAF Ringway near Manchester where the Parachute Regiment were training. Although over-age, Kennington undertook at least one parachute jump at Ringwood. In September 1941 he self-published an illustrated booklet, Pilots, Workers, Machines to great acclaim.
Kennington continued to travel around Britain to produce hundreds of portraits of Allied flight crew and other service personnel until September 1942 when he resigned his commission because he felt that WAAC were failing to capitalise on the propaganda value of his work in their publications and posters. Some 52 of Kennington's RAF portraits were published in a 1942 WAAC book, Drawing the RAF. This was followed in 1943 with Tanks and Tank Folk, illustrations from Kennington's time with the 11th Armoured Division near Ripon in Yorkshire. In 1945 Kennington supplied the illustrations for Britain's Home Guard by John Brophy. Darracott and Loftus describe how in both wars "his drawings and letters show him to be an admirer of the heroism of ordinary men and women", an admiration which is particularly notable in the poster series "Seeing it Through", with poems by A. P. Herbert, a personal friend of his.
Post-war career
By the time the war ended over forty of the RAF pilots and aircrew whose portraits Kennington had painted had been killed in action. Kennington resolved to create a suitable memorial for them and over the next ten years, whilst also working on sculpture and portrait commissions, he patiently carved 1940, a column with the head of an RAF pilot topped by the Archangel Michael with a lance slaying a dragon. In 1946 Kennington was appointed as the official portrait painter to the Worshipful Company of Skinners. Over the next five years he produced nine pastel portraits for the company, which were highly praised when shown at the Royal Academy. In 1951 Kennington became an associate member of the Academy and was elected a full academician in 1959. His last work, which was completed on his death by his assistant Eric Stanford, was a stone relief panel that decorates the James Watt South Building in the University of Glasgow.
Kennington is buried in the churchyard in Checkendon, Oxfordshire, where he was churchwarden, and is commemorated on a memorial in Brompton Cemetery, London.
References
External links
1888 births
1960 deaths
Military personnel from London
20th-century British sculptors
20th-century English male artists
20th-century English painters
Alumni of the Lambeth School of Art
Artists from London
British Army personnel of World War I
British Home Guard soldiers
British war artists
Camoufleurs
English illustrators
English male painters
English portrait painters
English male sculptors
London Regiment soldiers
People educated at St Paul's School, London
People from Chelsea, London
Royal Academicians
World War I artists
World War II artists |
44496818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioglossa%20argodora | Idioglossa argodora | Idioglossa argodora is a species of moth of the family Batrachedridae. It is known from India.
The wingspan is about 10 mm.
References
Moths described in 1913
Batrachedridae |
6903024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3.%20Liga | 3. Liga | The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.
The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
History
In January 2006, the discussion was made about a reorganization of the amateur leagues and the establishment of a single-track "3. Bundesliga". The aim of the reform was to create a great performance density for the substructure of the 2. Bundesliga with better support and development opportunities for talented players. In addition, better marketing of the third division should be achieved. A violent dispute broke out in the run-up to the decision scheduled for September 2006 at the DFB-Bundestag about the participation of second teams in the first and second division. After the U23 teams of the professional clubs were initially not supposed to take part in the newly created league for reasons of distortion of competition and low attendance, several Bundesliga clubs demanded, an unrestricted right to participate. Ultimately, a compromise was worked out that initially only allowed four-second substitutes to play in the premier season of the third division.
On 8 September 2006, the introduction of the single-track 3. Liga was finally decided at an extraordinary DFB Bundestag. Half of the clubs from the existing Regionalliga North and South were able to qualify for the premiere season, plus four relegated teams from the 2. Bundesliga. The German Football Association, the DFB, announced the formation of the 3. Liga. It was originally anticipated that the league's name would be 3. Bundesliga, but the DFB chose 3. Liga instead, as the league will be directly administered by the DFB, not by the German Football League DFL (Deutsche Fußball Liga) who runs both Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. On 10 April 2008, the DFB presented the logo for the new division to the public.
In contrast to the introduction of the 2. Liga in 1974 or the merging of the north and south seasons to form the single-track 2. Bundesliga for the 1981–82 season, there was no multi-year rating when determining the participants for the first season of the new 3. Liga. It was only the performance of the teams in the qualifying period of the Regionalliga relays were athletically qualified for the 3. Liga. In addition, there were four 2. Liga relegated teams in the 2007–08 season. The Regionalliga players who were not qualified for the new division after completing the admission process competed in the new three-pronged fourth division Regionalliga, provided they were granted a license for this.
The first match of the 3. Liga was played on 25 July 2008 between Rot-Weiß Erfurt and Dynamo Dresden at the Steigerwaldstadion in Erfurt. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1–0, with Halil Savran scoring the only goal in the closing stages of the first half. The first goal scorer in the 3. Liga was Halil Savran and the first table leader was SC Paderborn 07. The first champions of the 3. Liga were 1. FC Union Berlin on 9 May 2009, who received the eight-and-a-half-kilogram silver championship trophy.
In the 2018–19 season, four relegated teams were determined for the first time in the history of the 3. Liga, and for the first-time regular Monday games took place. Furthermore, for the first time no U23 team from a higher-class club was able to qualify for the league. With the relegation of the last founding member of the 3. Liga, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, in the preseason, for the first time, no team that been part of the league without interruption took part in the game. In addition, at the beginning of the 2018–19 season, the DFB and Adidas signed a partner contract that would run until the end of the 2021–22 season, according to which the company provides a uniform match ball; in all previous seasons each club had its own ball sponsor. The first ball provided by Adidas for all the clubs was the Telstar 18, which was also used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
For the 2019–20 season, as in the two national leagues, warnings for club officials were introduced in the form of cards. On the 13th match day, the DFB expanded the regulation by an addition – as with players, club officials are threatened with suspension of more than one game and yellow card suspensions after being sent off after being checked by the competent authority. In view of the global COVID-19 pandemic, gaming operations had to be temporarily suspended after 27 match days on 11 March 2020 and finally completely ceased on 16 March; the measure was initially valid until 30 April 2020. On 3 April, the DFB announced extensive changes to the game rules as a result. Among other things, it was possible to carry out seasonal operations beyond 30 June 2020, so the following season was opened later than the planned time. Ultimately, the final game day took place on 4 July 2020. In addition, a possible application to open insolvency proceedings within the 2019–20 season would no longer have resulted in a point deduction, in the following season only three points would be deducted instead of the usual nine; from the 2021–22 season onwards, the usual regulation should apply again. On 21 May, it was decided to resume game operations on 30 May, and the DFB and DFL had worked out a hygiene concept for all three leagues with the help of the "Task Force Sports Medicine/Special Game Operations". In parallel to the two national leagues, the DFB increased the substitutions quota per team from three to five player for the 3. Liga until the end of the season, and the third-highest German division was not allowed be played in front of spectators.
While small numbers of spectators are allowed from the start of the 2020–21 season under certain conditions, it was decided in an internal league survey to limit the substitution contingent to three players again.
Financial situation
From its foundation in 2008 to 2013, the league operated at a financial loss, with a record deficit of €20.9 million in 2012–13. The 2013–14 season saw the league make a profit for the first time, of €4.9 million. The league earned €164.5 million, well behind the two Bundesligas above it, but also well ahead of other professional sports leagues in Germany. The Deutsche Eishockey Liga followed with €106.1 million and the Basketball Bundesliga and Handball-Bundesliga were each around the €90 million mark. This makes it the third-most economically successful professional league in all German sports.
Clubs
Since the establishment of the 3. Liga in 2008, a total of 63 clubs have played in this division. In the 2021–22 season, SC Freiburg II, Viktoria Berlin and TSV Havelse were represented in the league for the first time. The last club that has been in the 3. Liga without interruption since it was founded in 2008 is FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, which was relegated in 2018. The longest uninterrupted club playing in the league is SV Wehen Wiesbaden, which from 2009 until its promotion to the 2. Liga in 2019, played in the 3. Liga for 10 years and also leads the all-time table. The club that has remained the longest at the moment is Hallescher FC, which has remained in the division since 2012. The clubs with the currently most – 12 – seasons in the 2. Liga is also SV Wehen Wiesbaden.
Members of and stadiums in the 2022–23 3. Liga
Structure
Since the first season in 2008–09, 20 teams have been playing for promotion to the 2. Bundesliga. The first two teams are promoted directly, the third in the table has to play for promotion in two playoffs in the relegation against the third from the bottom of the 2. Bundesliga. The three (from the 2018–19 season four) last-placed teams will be relegated to the fourth-class Regionalliga and will be replaced by four (until 2018–19 three) promoted teams from the Regionalligas. The four best teams in the league qualify for the DFB-Pokal.
The teams which are not reserve teams of Bundesliga teams among the 20 teams in the league compete for promotion to the 2. Bundesliga, while the four bottom teams are relegated to one of the five Regionalligen: Regionalliga Nord, Regionalliga Nordost, Regionalliga West, Regionalliga Südwest, and Regionalliga Bayern. Until 2018, three were relegated. If, however, a reserve team is playing in the 3. Liga and the respective first team is relegated to the 3. Liga, the reserve team will be demoted to the fifth-level Oberliga regardless of its league position, because reserve teams of 3. Liga clubs are ineligible to play in the Regionalliga.
Qualifying for the 3. Liga
At the end of the 2007–08 season, the two best non-reserve teams from each of the two divisions of the Regionalliga were promoted to the 2. Bundesliga. The teams ranked third to tenth in both Regionalliga entered the new 3. Liga, joining the four teams relegated from the 2. Bundesliga to form the new 20-team league. Teams finishing 11th or lower in their Regionalliga remained where they were.
On 18 May 2008, at the end of the 2007–08 2. Bundesliga season, four clubs were relegated from the 2. Bundesliga and became charter members of the 3. Liga: Kickers Offenbach, Erzgebirge Aue, SC Paderborn and FC Carl Zeiss Jena.
On 31 May 2008, at the end of the 2007–08 Regionalliga seasons, clubs placing third through tenth in the Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga Süd also qualified for the new 3. Liga.
U23 Regulation
The teams of the 3. Liga are obliged to list at least 4 players in the match report sheet (game day squad) for each game who are eligible to play for a DFB selection team and who are not older than 23 years for the entire season (1 July to 30 June), i.e. were born on or after 1 July 1998 (U23 players) for the 2021–22 season.
Eligibility to play in the second teams of licensed clubs (Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga) is based on the regulation that applies from the Regionalliga downwards. According to this, only U23 players (see above) may be used, with 3 older players being allowed to be in the game at the same time.
From the Regionalliga Nord:
Fortuna Düsseldorf
Union Berlin
Werder Bremen II
Borussia Wuppertal
Rot-Weiß Erfurt
Dynamo Dresden
Kickers Emden
Eintracht Braunschweig
From the Regionalliga Süd:
VfB Stuttgart II
VfR Aalen
SV Sandhausen
SpVgg Unterhaching
Wacker Burghausen
Bayern Munich II
Jahn Regensburg
Stuttgarter Kickers
Promotion and relegation
The winner and runner-up in a given season are automatically promoted to the 2. Bundesliga. The third place team enters a home/away playoff against the 16th placed team of the 2. Bundesliga for the right to enter/stay in the 2. Bundesliga. Teams placing in the bottom four (three prior to 2019) are automatically sent to the Regionalliga.
Bold denotes team earned promotion.
Economy
With an annual turnover of €186 million (as of 2017–18), the 3. Liga was ahead of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the Handball-Bundesliga and Basketball Bundesliga (see: List of professional sports leagues by revenue).
License terms
In addition to sporting qualifications, the clubs concerned must also meet the economic and technical- organizational requirements that are mandatory by the DFB Presidium. These include that the capacity the stadiums in the 3. Liga must be more than 10,000 seats (of which 2000 seats); in turn, at least one third of these spaces must be covered. A stadium capacity of 5000 seats is sufficient for second teams. The coaches must have completed the football teacher training.
In particular, the conditions relating to the arcade infrastructure repeatedly prompt potential climbers from the subordinate regional leagues not to submit any licensing documents; for example SV Rödinghausen or Berliner AK 07, both of which play in stadiums that are clearly too small. On the other hand, cases such as that of KFC Uerdingen 05, 1. FC Saarbrücken or Türkgücü München show that even a temporary game operation in alternative venues is just as problematic as the search for one.
Broadcast rights
The media rights contract with SportA, the sports rights agency of the German public broadcasters ARD and ZDF, ran until the end of the 2017–18 season. Under this contract, the ARD and its third programs broadcast at least 100, a maximum of 120 games as well as the promotion games to the 3. Liga live. The third programs broadcast further games via live stream on the internet. This reached an average of around four million viewers. in addition, the ARD Sportschau showed summaries of selected games on Saturday from 6 pm to 6:30 pm.
Since the start of the 2017–18 season, Deutsche Telekom has been broadcasting all games for customers and subscribers as internet live streams. From the 2018–19 season to the 2020–21 season, a new contract came into force, with which SportA and Telekom jointly held the media rights to the 3. Liga. The ARD and its state broadcasters will then show 86 games from the 3. Liga as well as the promotion games to the 3. Liga live.
The clubs in the 3. Liga have each received well over a million euros for television rights since the 2018–19 season, around 40 percent more than before. When the 3. Liga was introduced, the clubs received a total of €10 million. Since the 2009–10 season, the annual payout has been €12,8 million. The second teams of the professional clubs do not participate in the television money.
Approximately 1–2 matches per week are broadcast with English commentary on the German Football Association YouTube channel.
Spectators
The number of spectators in the 3. Liga varies greatly. Big city traditional clubs like Dynamo Dresden, 1. FC Kaiserslautern, 1. FC Magdeburg, FC Hansa Rostock, MSV Duisburg, Arminia Bielefeld, Karlsruher SC, Alemannia Aachen, Eintracht Braunschweig, TSV 1860 Munich and Fortuna Düsseldorf, but also the ambitious newcomer RB Leipzig often had an average attendance of well over 10,000 viewers per game. Dynamo Dresden achieved the highest amount with an average of 27,500 spectators in the 2015–16 season. For the 2. Bundesliga teams, the average attendance is often less than 1,500 spectators per game. Werder Bremen II had the lowest value in the 2011–12 season with an average of 626. In the 2018–19 season, more than 3 million spectators were registered for the first time with an average of over 8,000, and six clubs achieved a five-digit average attendance.
Overall the 3. Liga has audience numbers that are comparable to the second soccer leagues in Italy (Serie B), France (Ligue 2) and Spain (Segunda División). Only the third-rate English football league One has similarly high or higher attendance numbers.
(1) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were no longer allowed in the stadiums from the 28th matchday onwards, which resulted in reduced attendances. In addition, the values are based on data from the DFB.
(2) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were not allowed in the stadiums for the majority of the season.
(3) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, not all spectators were not allowed in the stadiums for the first half of the season.
Economic situation of the clubs
Since its first season, the 3. Liga has had a higher turnover than the first-class German Leagues in all other sports. For a number of clubs their participation in the 3. Liga ended with major financial problems. In 2009, the Stuttgarter Kickers got down after the DFB had imposed a three-point deduction for a loan that was not repaid on time. In addition, Kickers Emden had to withdraw its application for a license for the 3. Liga for economic reasons. In 2010–11, the opening of insolvency proceeding resulted in the forced regulation of Rot Weiss Ahlen. In the same season, TuS Koblenz waived their right to start the following third division season due to financial bottlenecks. In 2013, after the opening of insolvency proceedings, Alemannia Aachen was determined to be relegated early on and Kickers Offenbach's third division license was revoked. In 2016–17, VfR Aalen and FSV Frankfurt. In March 2018, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt filed for bankruptcy, followed by Chemnitzer FC in April. Both clubs were relegated after deducting ten or nine points. Several other clubs are constantly threatened with bankruptcy.
At a press conference in mid-October 2019, the DFB published the balance sheet report for the 2018–19 season. A record turnover of €185 million was offset by an average loss of €1.5 million, which meant a new negative record. It was also the ninth of eleven years in which the clubs showed a total deficit, while seven clubs were still able to generate a profit. One of the main drivers of this situation, according to the report, was increased spending on human resources, particularly on player transfers and salaries. The average earnings of a 3. Liga player for 2018–19 was given as around €7,000 per month. In addition, the number of spectators in the stadiums continued to rise, but in return it fell significantly on television.
Financial fair play and the promotion of young talent
In order to counteract the problem, the DFB decided in September 2018 to introduce so-called financial fair play in the 3. Liga as well as a youth development fund to improve the economic situation of the clubs and strengthen their talent development. A total of around €3.5 million is to be distributed to the clubs. Up to €550,000 is to be distributed equally among clubs with a "positive seasonal result" and clubs that "have achieved or even exceeded their target season goal". A further €2.95 million is to flow into the youth development of the participants, whereby the use of U21 players with German nationality should have a positive effect on the distribution rate per club.
The pots are distributed in September at the end of a season. With the first distribution, Hansa Rostock received the highest amount for the top position in the categories "positive annual result" and "planned quiality" after a record turnover of €19 million in the 2018–19 season.
League statistics
Up to and including the 2021–22 season the top goal scorers, attendance statistics and records for the league are:
Attendance
Top scorers
Records
As of 22 May 2021
Placings in the 3. Liga
The following clubs have played in the league and achieved the following final positions:
Notes
1 Kickers Offenbach were refused a 3. Liga licence at the end of the 2012–13 season and relegated to the Regionalliga. SV Darmstadt 98, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated.
2 TSV 1860 Munich were unable to obtain a 3. Liga licence at the end of the 2016–17 season and relegated to the Regionalliga. SC Paderborn 07, placed 18th originally and who submitted a 3. Liga licence application, remained in the league for the 2017–18 season.
3 TuS Koblenz withdrew from the league after the 2011–12 season; Bremen II, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated.
4 RW Ahlen did not receive a licence for the 2011–12 season, originally finishing 17th after 2010–11. The club was placed in 20th position and relegated. Burghausen, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated. Ahlen did not request a licence in the Regionalliga and started the new season in the Oberliga.
5 Kickers Emden withdrew from the league after the 2008–09 season; Burghausen, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated. Emden became insolvent in 2012.
Promotion rounds
To the 2. Bundesliga
At the end of the regular season the third placed team in the 3. Liga play the 16th placed team in the 2. Bundesliga over two matches. The overall winner plays in the 2. Bundesliga in the following season, and the loser in the 3. Liga.
2008–09
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2009–10
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2010–11
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2011–12
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2012–13
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2013–14
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2014–15
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2015–16
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2016–17
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2017–18
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2018–19
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2019–20
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2020–21
2021–22
To the 3. Liga
From the 2012–13 to 2017–18 seasons, the champions of the five Regionalligas and the runners-up of the Regionalliga Südwest entered an end-of-the season play-off to determine the three teams promoted to the 3. Liga. From the 2018–19 season, three out of those five champions take direct promotion, leaving the remaining two to contest the play-off for the fourth promotion.
Key
Winner in bold.
Notes
References
External links
Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB)
kicker.de
3. Liga at Weltfussball.de
German 3.Liga (www.3-liga.com)
3. Liga at Soccerway.com
League321.com – German football league tables, records & statistics database
3
2008 establishments in Germany
3
Germany
Professional sports leagues in Germany |
17338832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myauknaw | Myauknaw | Myauknaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%20%26%20J | J & J | J & J or J and J may refer to:
Johnson & Johnson, an American multinational medical devices, pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods manufacturer
J & J Snack Foods, an American food and beverage manufacturing and marketing conglomerate
J & J Ultralights, an American ultralight aircraft manufacturer
Jaffa–Jerusalem railway, a railroad that connected Jaffa and Jerusalem
Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury, an American wrestling tag team known as J&J Security
See also
JJ (disambiguation)
Jack and Jill (disambiguation) |
23578179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Serbian%20football%20transfers%20summer%202009 | List of Serbian football transfers summer 2009 | This is a list of transfers in Serbian football for the 2009 summer transfer window. Only moves featuring a Serbian Superliga side are listed.
If adding transfers, please add the external source in references list, at bottom.
Serbian Superliga
Partizan Belgrade
In:
Out:
FK Vojvodina
In:
Out:
Red Star Belgrade
In:
Out:
FK Javor
In:
Out:
Borac Čačak
In:
Out:
Napredak Kruševac
In:
Out:
Hajduk Kula
In:
Out:
Rad Belgrade
In:
Out:
Čukarički Stankom
In:
Out:
FK Jagodina
In:
Out:
OFK Belgrade
In:
Out:
FK Smederevo
In:
Out:
BSK Borča
In:
Out:
FK Mladi Radnik
In:
Out:
Spartak Zlatibor Voda Subotica
In:
Out:
Metalac G.Milanovac
In:
Out:
See also
Serbian Superliga
Serbian Superliga 2009-10
List of foreign football players in Serbia
References
Serbian Superliga official website
MTSMondo.com, Serbian news agency
Serbian
Football transfers summer 2009
2009 |
20471035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Seymour%20%28Vermont%29 | Lake Seymour (Vermont) | Seymour Lake is located in the town of Morgan in Orleans County, Vermont, an area known as the Northeast Kingdom. The lake was named for Israel Seymour, one of the original grantees. Natives called it Namagonic ("salmon trout spearing place"). It is one of only two deep, cold, and oligotrophic lakes in the Clyde River system.
The freshwater lake covers and is long and wide; its maximum depth is . It is shaped like a giant number "7". The lake is fed by two primary streams, an outlet from Mud Pond and Sucker Brook. The lake drains into Echo Pond, which empties into the Clyde River, Lake Memphremagog and, eventually, Canada's St. Lawrence River.
A dam is used for hydroelectric power. Construction on the dam was completed in 1928. It has a normal surface area of . It is owned by Citizens Utilities Company.
The dam is made of stone with a concrete core. The foundation is soil. The height is with a length of . Maximum discharge is per second. Its capacity is . Normal storage is . It drains an area of .
The dam was rebuilt in 2004.
Footnotes
External links
Photos of Lake Seymour
Morgan, Vermont
Seymour
Seymour |
17338836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myukhpyaw | Myukhpyaw | Myukhpyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkeemania%20%2840%20Timeless%20Hits%29 | Monkeemania (40 Timeless Hits) | Monkeemania (40 Timeless Hits) is a Monkees compilation released in Australia in 1979. It contains 40 of the Monkees' songs, including hit singles, B-sides, album tracks and three previously unreleased tracks: "Love to Love," "Steam Engine" and a live version of "Circle Sky."
Due to the unavailability of the Monkees' master tapes in Australia at this time, "needledrop" vinyl recordings of songs had to be used, resulting in various sound quality issues.
The photo of the band used on the cover is a reversed image from the original.
Track listing
LP 1
"(Theme from) The Monkees" (Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart) – 2:17
"Last Train to Clarksville" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:48
"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:21
"I'm a Believer" (Neil Diamond) – 2:42
"A Little Bit Me, a Little Bit You" (Diamond) – 2:49
"Look Out (Here Comes Tomorrow)" (Diamond) – 2:12
"She" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:37
"Words" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:46
"Saturday's Child" (David Gates) - 2:40
"Cuddly Toy" (Harry Nilsson) - 2:35
"Take a Giant Step" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) - 2:30
"Sometime in the Morning" (Goffin, King) - 2:27
"Pleasant Valley Sunday" (Goffin, King) - 3:12
"Star Collector" (Goffin, King) - 3:30
"Sweet Young Thing" (Goffin, King, Michael Nesmith) - 1:54
"Porpoise Song" (Theme from Head) (Goffin, King) - 4:00
"As We Go Along" (King, Toni Stern) - 3:53
"Shades of Gray" (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) - 3:20
"Love Is Only Sleeping" (Mann, Weil) - 2:23
"The Girl I Left Behind Me" (Neil Sedaka, Carole Bayer Sager) - 2:42
LP 2
"Mary, Mary" (Nesmith) - 2:10
"Randy Scouse Git (Alternate Title)" (Micky Dolenz) – 2:32
"The Girl I Knew Somewhere" (Nesmith) – 2:32
"You and I" (Bill Chadwick, Davy Jones) - 2:10
"Tapioca Tundra" (Nesmith) - 3:06
"Mommy and Daddy" (Dolenz) - 2:10
"For Pete's Sake" (Joey Richards, Peter Tork) - 2:10
"Good Clean Fun" (Nesmith) - 2:15
"Listen to the Band" (Nesmith) - 2:45
"Circle Sky" (live) (Nesmith) - 2:32
"Daydream Believer" (John Stewart) – 2:55
"What Am I Doing Hanging 'Round" (Michael Martin Murphey, Owen Castleman) – 3:02
"D.W. Washburn" (Leiber & Stoller) - 2:43
"Valleri" (Boyce, Hart) - 2:15
"Looking for the Good Times" (Boyce, Hart) - 2:00
"Someday Man" (Roger Nichols, Paul Williams) – 2:38
"Oh, My, My" (Jeff Barry, Andy Kim) - 2:56
"Steam Engine" (Chip Douglas) - 2:21
"Love to Love" (Diamond) - 2:35
"Goin' Down" (Dolenz, Diane Hildebrand, Jones, Nesmith, Tork) - 3:57
"Tema Dei Monkees" (Boyce, Hart, Nistri) - 2:16
References
1979 greatest hits albums
The Monkees compilation albums
Arista Records compilation albums |
23578182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Bladen%20County%2C%20North%20Carolina | National Register of Historic Places listings in Bladen County, North Carolina | This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bladen County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.
|}
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina
List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina
References
Bladen County, North Carolina
Bladen County |
17338845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahpaung | Nahpaung | Nahpaung is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20471119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paino%20Hehea | Paino Hehea | Kelekolio Paino Hehea (born 2 January 1979) in Vaini, Tonga) is rugby union footballer. His usual position is at lock. He currently plays for Rugby Calvisano after signing from Lyon OU.
Paino spent several seasons playing for Darlington Mowden Park R.F.C., a leading rugby union club in North East England. He played for Tonga at the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
References
lequipe.fr profile
1979 births
Living people
Lyon OU players
Rugby union locks
Tongan rugby union players
Tonga international rugby union players
Pacific Islanders rugby union players
Tongan expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Expatriate rugby union players in Italy
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in France
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Italy
People from Tongatapu |
17338850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakyam | Nakyam | Nakyam is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frutillar%20Musical%20Weeks | Frutillar Musical Weeks | The Frutillar Musical Weeks (Semanas Musicales de Frutillar) is a classical music festival that takes place every year in the southern Chilean town of Frutillar, Los Lagos Region.
History
The Frutillar Musical Weeks were conceived in 1968 by a group of Frutillar residents supported by the German Chilean League of Santiago. Robert Dick, Arturo Yunge, Alfredo Daetz and Flora Inostroza made up the organizing committee for the first 12 years of the festival's existence, and much of the credit for the success of the festival should be granted to them. Thanks to Flora Inostroza, the Universidad de Chile and the Chilean Air Force have been close collaborators in the festival since its launch.
In the early days, the Musical Weeks were held in Catholic or Lutheran church and then at the municipal gym, until they became so popular that they needed a larger venue.
The Musical Weeks have been held every summer since 1968. Today the festival is one of the most important classical music events in Chile.
Location and venues
Frutillar is a small town and commune located in southern Chile in the Los Lagos Region, 983 km (630 mi) south of Santiago, the capital.
The bay of Frutillar is found on the shores of Lake Llanquihue, the largest lake lying entirely within Chile. Frutillar (which translates as “strawberry fields”) is known as the "City of Music" thanks to the festival, and was originally populated mainly by German settlers from Hamburg in the 1850s.
The main venue of the festival since 2010 is the Teatro del Lago (Theatre of the Lake), a theatre and concert hall housed in a 10,000 m2 building. Opening on November 6, 2010 after 12 years in development, it is located right on the shore of Llanquihue Lake so that the interior auditorium enjoys a view of the snow-capped Osorno Volcano across the lake.
The architecture of the building is contemporary, but retains links with the traditional southern Chilean style, strongly influenced by German immigrants. Native materials were used in construction, such as wood, stone and copper.
The largest room in the venue is the "Espacio Tronador", which can seat almost 1,200 spectators. The auditorium is made completely of wood, and the spaces are outlined by the curved lines of the stage, rows of seats and high balconies.
There is also a range of other multipurpose salons and foyers, exhibition areas, rehearsal spaces, conference rooms and congress halls.
The festival
The festival takes place between January and February every year and lasts for 10 days. It features more than 40 classical concerts performed by both Chilean and international artists. The program includes music and composers from different periods as well as famous Chilean and international performers and conductors, chamber orchestras, choirs and soloists.
In addition to the events that take place in Frutillar, other nearby towns also hold free concerts.
Sculptures on musical and festival themes can be found all along the Frutillar lakeshore, such as an amphitheatre, a Steinway grand piano and a gazebo, to name a few.
See also
List of classical music festivals in South America
List of music festivals in Chile
Music of Chile
Classical Music
Frutillar
External links
Municipality of Frutillar
Teatro del Lago
References
Music festivals in Chile
Llanquihue Province
Recurring events established in 1968
Chamber music festivals
Classical music festivals in Chile |
17338871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramblewood%2C%20Baltimore | Ramblewood, Baltimore | Ramblewood is a small community located in northeast Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Ramblewood is located south of Northern Parkway with The Alameda serving as its western boundary and Loch Raven Blvd. as its eastern boundary and north of Belvedere Ave. The Ramblewood Community Association has had residential parking permits issued to its members as the result of the proliferation of students from Morgan parking in the neighborhood.
Demographics
According to the 2000 US Census, 2020 people live in Ramblewood with 86.9% African-American and 9.7% White. The median household income is $51,103. 92.7% of the houses are occupied and 75.8 are occupied by the home's owner.
See also
List of Baltimore neighborhoods
Notes
Neighborhoods in Baltimore
Northeast Baltimore |
17338875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20of%20light%20%28disambiguation%29 | Ray of light (disambiguation) | Ray of light is an abstract model of light used in optics.
Ray of light may also refer to:
Light beam, a narrow beam of light
Crepuscular rays, rays of sunlight
Music
Ray of Light, a 1998 album by Madonna
"Ray of Light" (song)
Ray of Light (Michael Wong album) (2002)
"Rays of Light" (Broiler song) (2014)
Other uses
A Ray of Light, a 1960 Spanish musical film starring Marisol
The Ray of Light, painting in the Louvre, Paris
Ray of Light (sculpture), a public artwork in Redwood City, California
Ray of Light Theatre
See also
Sunray (disambiguation) |
44496848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20European%20Road%20Championships | 1997 European Road Championships | The 1997 European Road Championships were held in Villach, Austria, in September 1997. Regulated by the European Cycling Union. The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men.
Events summary
Medal table
References
External links
The European Cycling Union
European Road Championships, 1997
European Road Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Austria
1997 in Austrian sport
Villach |
23578212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20singles%20of%201969%20%28France%29 | List of number-one singles of 1969 (France) | This is a list of the French Singles & Airplay Chart Reviews number-ones of 1969.
Summary
Singles Chart
See also
1969 in music
List of number-one hits (France)
References
1969 in France
1969 record charts
Lists of number-one songs in France |
17338878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9%20Match | Télé Match | Télé Match was one of the first gameshows on French television. It was created in 1954 by André Gillois, Pierre Bellemare and Jacques Antoine, broadcast on TF1, at that time the sole television channel of RTF, and presented by Pierre Bellemare.
References
1954 French television series debuts
1961 French television series endings
French game shows
1950s French television series
1960s French television series |
17338919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalaw | Nalaw | Nalaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%27%20space | James' space | In the area of mathematics known as functional analysis, James' space is an important example in the theory of Banach spaces and commonly serves as useful counterexample to general statements concerning the structure of general Banach spaces. The space was first introduced in 1950 in a short paper by Robert C. James.
James' space serves as an example of a space that is isometrically isomorphic to its double dual, while not being reflexive. Furthermore, James' space has a basis, while having no unconditional basis.
Definition
Let denote the family of all finite increasing sequences of integers of odd length. For any sequence of real numbers and we define the quantity
James' space, denoted by J, is defined to be all elements x from c0 satisfying
, endowed with the norm .
Properties
James' space is a Banach space.
The canonical basis {en} is a (conditional) Schauder basis for J. Furthermore, this basis is both monotone and shrinking.
J has no unconditional basis.
James' space is not reflexive. Its image into its double dual under the canonical embedding has codimension one.
James' space is however isometrically isomorphic to its double dual.
James' space is somewhat reflexive, meaning every closed infinite-dimensional subspace contains an infinite dimensional reflexive subspace. In particular, every closed infinite-dimensional subspace contains an isomorphic copy of ℓ2.
See also
Banach space
Tsirelson space
References
Functional analysis
Banach spaces |
17338927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nang-u | Nang-u | Nang-u is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20additalis | Cliniodes additalis | Cliniodes additalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Mexico, where it has been recorded from San Luis Potosí.
The length of the forewings is about 14 mm. The forewing costa, basal and medial areas are brown. The medial area has some rust red scales. The postmedial and terminal areas are filled with reddish brown. The hindwings are translucent white, with a black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in June.
Etymology
The species name is derived from Latin additus (meaning added).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
17338956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo%20Package%203 | Oslo Package 3 | Oslo Package 3 is a political agreement and plan for investments of in Oslo and Akershus, Norway. It involves financing for road and public transport infrastructure, as well as operating subsidies to public transport in the period 2008–27. It will be part of the National Transport Plan 2010–19. In addition to state grant, the main financing will be through toll ring around Oslo. The plan is a follow-up on its predecessors, the Oslo Package 1 and Oslo Package 2.
Public transport projects
Upgrade of the Common Tunnel of the Oslo Metro
New Homansbyen Station on the metro
Building of Hasle Line and Løren Station on the metro
189 new MX3000 electric multiple units for the metro
Extension of the Furuset Line to Akershus University Hospital
Extension of the Ekeberg Line to Hauketo
Highway projects
Norwegian National Road 168 Røa Tunnel
Norwegian National Road 4 Bjørvika–Økern
Norwegian National Road 4, Fossum Diagonal
Norwegian National Road 150 Nydal Junction
European Route E18, Asker–Skøyen
European Route E6, Manglerud Tunnel
European Route E18, Mossevei Tunnel
Environmental impact
Although Oslo Package 3 has been presented as an environmental project that will save the public transport in the Oslo area, doubt has been raised as to the actual impact of the project. In a report ordered by the Norwegian Society of Chartered Scientific and Academic Professionals by the consulting company Civitas that the emission of greenhouse gases will increase with 50% in the period 1991–2025 with Oslo Package 3, despite the Oslo City Council having voted to reduce emissions with 50% from 1990-level by 2030.
References
External links
Oslo Package 3 in NTP
Aftenposten Aften on Oslo Package 3
Norwegian Public Roads Administration page on Oslo Package 3
Norwegian Public Roads Administration main report on Oslo Package 3, October 2006
Transport in Oslo
Transport in Akershus |
23578239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer%2018 | Explorer 18 | Explorer 18, also called IMP-A, IMP-1, Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-1 and S-74, was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program. Explorer 18 was launched on 27 November 1963 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida, with a Thor-Delta C launch vehicle. Explorer 18 was the first satellite of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP). Explorer 21 (IMP-B) launched in October 1964 and Explorer 28 (IMP-C) launched in May 1965 also used the same general spacecraft design.
Mission
Explorer 18 was a solar cell and chemical-battery powered spacecraft instrumented for interplanetary and distant magnetospheric studies of energetic particles, cosmic rays, magnetic fields, and plasmas. Initial spacecraft parameters included a local time of apogee of 10:20 hours, a spin rate of 22 rpm, and a spin direction of 115° right ascension and -25° declination. Each normal telemetry sequence of 81.9 seconds duration consisted of 795 data bits. After every third normal sequence there was an 81.9 seconds interval of rubidium vapor magnetometer analog data transmission. The spacecraft performed normally until 30 May 1964, then intermittently until 10 May 1965, when it was abandoned. The principal periods of data coverage were 27 November 1963 to 30 May 1964; 17 September 1964 to 7 January 1965; and 21 February 1965 to 25 March 1965; however, only the first of these periods was very useful.
Experiments
Cosmic-Ray Range versus Energy Loss
A charged-particle, solid-state telescope was used to measure the range and energy loss of galactic and solar cosmic rays. The experiment was designed to study particle energies (energy per nucleon intervals approximately proportional to Z squared/A) and charge spectra (Z<=6). The detector was oriented normal to the spacecraft spin axis. The detector accumulators for each energy interval were telemetered six times every 5.46 minutes. Each accumulation period was about 40 seconds (the initial spacecraft spin period was about 2 seconds). The output from two 128-channel, pulse-height analyzers was obtained for one incident particle every 41 seconds and read out along with the detector accumulations. A malfunction limited alpha studies to particles with E>30 MeV.
Cosmic Rays
This experiment consisted of two detector systems. The first was a dE/dx versus E telescope with thin and thick Caesium iodide (CsI) scintillators (one each) and an anticoincidence plastic scintillation counter. The telescope axis was normal to the spacecraft spin axis. Counts of particles penetrating the thin CsI scintillator and stopping in the thick CsI scintillator were accumulated during one 39.36-seconds interval every 5.46 minutes. The relative contribution to the count rate of various species (electrons between 3 and 12 MeV, ions with charge=1 or 2, atomic mass=1, 2, 3 or 4, and energy between 18.7 and 81.6 MeV/nucleon) and energy spectral information were determined by 512-channel pulse-height analysis performed simultaneously on the output of both CsI scintillators six times every 5.46 minutes. The second detector system consisted of two Geiger–Müller tube (GM) telescopes oriented parallel to and perpendicular to the spacecraft spin axis. Each telescope consisted of two colinear GM tubes. The parallel and perpendicular telescopes measured, respectively: 1) the sum of counts due to protons above 70 MeV and electrons above 6.5 MeV and 2) the sum of counts due to protons above 65 MeV and electrons above 6 MeV. Counts registered in any one of the four GM tubes were also accumulated. These omnidirectional counts were due to protons above 50 MeV plus electrons above 4 MeV. The parallel, perpendicular, and omnidirectional count rates were obtained for one 40-seconds accumulation interval during successive normal 81.9-seconds telemetry sequences. Thus, any one count rate was measured for 40 seconds once each 5.46 minutes. Both detector systems worked well from launch until 26 May 1964.
Faraday Cup
A five-element, split-collector Faraday cup was used to measure solar wind particles in the following sequence: positive ions from 45 to 105 eV, positive ions from 95 to 235 eV, positive ions from 220 to 640 eV, positive ions from 560 to 1800 eV, electrons from 65 to 210 eV, and positive ions from 1700 to 5400 eV. The split plane of the collector was in the spin equatorial plane of the spacecraft. Measurements consisted of 22 instantaneous current samples, each separated by 0.16 seconds (spanning more than one satellite rotation). These measurements represented the sum of the current to the split collector, the maximum difference in current encountered during spacecraft rotation, and an identification of which half of the collector was maximum. The entire sequence required 2.8 minutes and was repeated every 5.5 minutes. The entrance cone for this Faraday cup had a half-angle of about 80°. Interference was encountered from refracted particles (with the most pronounced effect at about 70° incidence to cup normal), from secondary electrons, and from Ultraviolet radiation.
Fluxgate Magnetometers
Each of two uniaxial fluxgate magnetometers, having dynamic ranges of ± 40 nT, sampled the magnetic field 30 times within each of six 4.8-seconds intervals every 5.46 minutes. Detector sensitivities were plus or minus 0.25 nT, and digitization uncertainty was plus or minus 0.40 nT. A rubidium vapor magnetometer was used to calibrate the instruments but did not produce any independently useful data sets. The instruments functioned normally throughout the useful life of the satellite and provided usable data through 30 May 1964.
Ion Chamber and Geiger–Müller Counters
The instrumentation for this experiment, designed to measure fluxes of geomagnetically trapped particles, consisted of a diameter, Neher-type ionization chamber and two Anton 223 Geiger–Müller tubes. The ion chamber responded to electrons and protons with E>1 and E>17 MeV, respectively. Both Geiger–Müller tubes were mounted parallel to the spacecraft spin axis. One Geiger–Müller tube detected electrons, with E>45 keV, scattered off a gold foil. The acceptance cone for these electrons had a 61° full-angle, and its axis of symmetry made an angle of 59.5° with the spacecraft spin axis. This Geiger–Müller tube responded omnidirectionally to electrons and protons with E>6 and E>52 MeV, respectively. The second Geiger–Müller tube had no direct access to the space environment and responded omnidirectionally to background electrons and protons with E>6 and E>52 MeV, respectively. Pulses from the ion chamber were accumulated for 326.08 seconds and read out once every 327.68 seconds. Counts from the first Geiger–Müller tube were accumulated for 39.36 seconds and read out six times every 327.68 seconds. Counts from the second Geiger–Müller tube were accumulated for 39.36 seconds and read out five times every 327.68 seconds. This experiment performed normally from launch through 10 May 1965.
Retarding Potential Analyzer
The retarding potential analyzer was a three-element planar Faraday cup. It was mounted normal to the spacecraft spin axis and had an effective look angle of 5 sr. Coarse and fine resolution modes were programmed for both ions and electrons. These modes consisted of 15 steps each for retarding voltages of 0 to 28 V and 0 to 100 V. The entire ion and electron sequence was repeated once every 10.92 minutes, and each 15-step spectral analysis required 5.4 seconds. The experiment operated for about 20 hours after launch, until a failure of a mechanical programmer switch terminated operations. The data were adversely affected by secondary electrons and no longer exist.
Solar Wind Protons
A quadrispherical electrostatic analyzer with a current collector and an electrometer amplifier was used to detect and analyze the positive ion component of the incident plasma and to study its gross flow characteristics. Protons were analyzed in 14 energy channels between 0.025 and 16 keV. The instrument was mounted on the satellite equatorial plane and had a view angle of 15° in this plane and of 90° in the plane containing the spin axis. The satellite's equatorial plane was divided into three contiguous sectors (111.8°, 111.8° and 136.4°) by use of an optical aspect sensor. The peak flux in one sector was recorded at one analyzer plate potential per revolution of the satellite (no information about the position within the sector in which the peak flux occurred was retained). After 14 revolutions, all energy channels had been scanned, and the process was repeated for the next sector. A complete scan in energy and sector was repeated every 5.46 minutes. No data were obtained for the brief periods when the satellite was in the magnetosphere. The instrument operated well until April 1964 when it started operating intermittently. Its operation continued to degrade thereafter.
Digital Data Processor
The satellite included a Digital Data Processor (DDP) telemetry system which made the first use of integrated circuits on a flown spacecraft, predating both the D-37C computer used in the Minuteman II missile system and the Apollo Guidance Computer. The DDP allowed the different onboard digital experiments to store results into accumulators which were then read out on a repeating cycle and encoded into pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) signals to be sent to ground stations. The accumulators totaled 105 bits, plus a 15-bit clock. In addition to the digital data sent in PFM format, a little over half of the normal transmission cycle (9 of 16 "frames") was used for sending analog signals.
The processor used Series 51 chips from Texas Instruments, specifically the SN510 (a clocked SR latch) and the SN514 (dual 3-input NAND/NOR gates), which both came in 8-pin flatpack packages and used resistor-capacitor-transistor logic (RCTL). However, only two transistors could be put onto a single dies at the time, so multiple dies with the different logic components that had to be connected together by hand with tiny wires before being sealed up in the package, making them very expensive to produce. Early examples cost more than US$400 ().
See also
Explorer program
References
1963 in spaceflight
Explorers Program
Interplanetary Monitoring Platform |
44496888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangarap%20Ka | Mangarap Ka | Mangarap Ka (International title: You Dreamed / ) is a Philippine afternoon television drama on ABS-CBN starring Piolo Pascual and Angelica Panganiban. It aired from March 22 to October 8, 2004.
Plot
A light drama with elements of action and adventure, "Mangarap Ka" marks a new direction for its makers ABS-CBN, which has created and perfected the teleserye genre over the years. Spotlighting the colorful sights and sounds of downtown Manila, "Mangarap Ka" is set in Quiapo, where we meet Oslec (Piolo Pascual), a street-smart young man whose life is about to be changed when he meets a lost young boy named Tikoy (newcomer Steven Christian Fermo).
Cast
Main cast
Piolo Pascual as Celso "Oslec" Macapinlac Jr./Dragon King
Angelica Panganiban as Catherine Sita "Cutie" Carter
Steven Christian Fermo as Tikoy
Supporting cast
Patrick Garcia as Tristan
Miles Ocampo as Pepe/Pepay
Rio Locsin as Jacqueline Catacutan Carter
Nova Villa as Zoila Catacutan
Nanding Josef as Samuel
Ilonah Jean
See also
List of programs aired by ABS-CBN
List of telenovelas of ABS-CBN
References
ABS-CBN drama series
2004 Philippine television series debuts
2004 Philippine television series endings
2000s Philippine television series
Television series by Star Creatives
Filipino-language television shows
Television shows set in Manila |
20471206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%20St.%20Louis%20Cardinals%20%28NFL%29%20season | 1980 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season | The 1980 St. Louis Cardinals season was the 61st season the team was in the league. The team matched their previous output of 5–11. The team failed to reach the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season.
Offseason
NFL Draft
Personnel
Staff
Roster
Schedule
Standings
References
1980
St. Louis Cardinals |
23578267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Swedish%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20doubles | 2009 Swedish Open – Men's doubles | Jonas Björkman and Robin Söderling were the defending champions, but Björkman retired from tennis before being able to defend the title.
Söderling teamed up with Robert Lindstedt, but Jaroslav Levinský and Filip Polášek defeated them in the final 1–6, 6–3, [10–7].
Seeds
Draw
Draw
External links
Draw
Swedish Open - Men's Doubles
Swedish Open
Swedish |
17338962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Gwynn | Charles Gwynn | Major General Sir Charles William Gwynn, KCB, CMG, DSO, FRGS (4 February 1870 – 12 February 1963) was an Irish born British Army officer, geographer, explorer and author of works on military history and theory.
Birth and education
Charles William Gwynn was the fourth son of John Gwynn (1827–1917), Regius Professor of Divinity at Trinity College, Dublin, and his wife, Lucy Josephine (1840–1907) daughter of the Irish nationalist William Smith O'Brien. He was born at Ramelton, County Donegal, while his father was rector of the local church. He was educated at St. Columba's College, Dublin and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
Military career
Gwynn was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 15 February 1889.
Promoted to lieutenant on 15 February 1892, he saw active service in West Africa 1893–94 in operations against the Sofas, and in 1897 joined the geographical section of the Intelligence Branch of the War Office. Following the reconquest of Sudan from the Mahdi, Gwynn undertook survey work there, remaining until 1904. He was promoted to captain on 15 February 1900, received a brevet promotion to major on the following day, and was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his survey work determining the Ethiopia-Sudan controversial border. He attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1905 to 1906.
In June 1911, he was detailed to Australia as an instructor at the Royal Military College, Duntroon, where he served as the director of military art, instructing cadets in tactics, strategy and military history, with the local rank of lieutenant colonel. During much of his time there he acted as Commandant while the head of the College, Brigadier General W.T. Bridges, was away on tour. With the outbreak of World War I, he returned to England, where he unsuccessfully sought a posting to France. In July 1915, he was sent to the Middle East and was appointed General staff Officer Grade 1 (GSO1) of the Australian 2nd Division at Gallipoli. He was eventually posted to serve as the Chief of Staff of the II Anzac Corps, a position he held until the end of the war. He was present at the battle of Messines in June 1917. His brother, Stephen, and Stephen's son, Dennis, also served in the Great War.
Gwynn was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1918. During the Great War he was mentioned in dispatches six times, received the brevet ranks of lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and was awarded the Belgian Croix de Guerre and the French Légion d'honneur.
After World War I, he served in a variety of staff assignments, culminating in May 1926 when he was made Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley. Upon his retirement in 1931, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.
Later life
After his retirement, in 1934, Major General Gwynn wrote Imperial Policing, now regarded as a classic in the field of low intensity conflict and small wars.
Family
In 1904 Gwynn married Mary ("Molly") Armstrong, widow of Lieutenant Lowry Armstrong of the Royal Navy. Molly Gwynn had a daughter by her first husband, named Margery Armstrong. Charles Gwynn had no children. Molly Gwynn died in 1951. Charles Gwynn spent his final years in Dublin, where he died in 1963 at the age of 93.
Personal characteristics
Gwynn was of medium height and wiry in build. He had a slight stammer.
Publications by Charles Gwynn
The Frontiers of Abyssinia: a retrospect Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 36, No. 143 (Apr. 1937), pp. 150–161
Imperial Policing London: Macmillan, 1934
The Second Great War: A Standard History (9 volumes, The Waverley Book Company Ltd in association with The Amalgamated Press, 1939-1946, edited by Sir John Hammerton), as Military Editor.
Photographs
References
External links
British Army Officers 1939−1945
Imperial Policing
1870 births
1963 deaths
British Army major generals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
English explorers
Explorers of Africa
Irish people of World War I
British Army personnel of World War I
People from County Down
Royal Engineers officers
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Commandants of the Staff College, Camberley |
20471221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrajina%20%C5%A1t.%202 | Pokrajina št. 2 | Pokrajina št. 2 (Landscape No. 2) is a 2008 Slovenian film directed by Vinko Möderndorfer. The film appeared at the 65th Venice International Film Festival. It won the best film award at the 11th Slovenian Film Festival.
The film deals with crimes by the Yugoslav Partisans in 1945 in post-World War II Slovenia.
References
External links
Slovenian drama films
2008 films |
44496889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxata | Artaxata | Artashat (); Hellenized as Artaxata () and Artaxiasata (), was a large commercial city and the capital of ancient Armenia during the reign of king Artaxias I; the founder of the Artaxiad Dynasty of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia. The name of the city is derived from Iranian languages and means the "joy of Arta" (see also; -shat). Founded by King Artaxias I in 176 BC, Artaxata served as the capital of the Kingdom of Armenia from 185 BC until 120 AD, and was known as the "Vostan Hayots" ("court/seal of the Armenians").
History
Antiquity
King Artashes I founded Artashat in 176 BC in the Vostan Hayots canton within the historical province of Ayrarat, at the point where Araks river was joined by Metsamor river during that ancient eras, near the heights of Khor Virap. The story of the foundation is given by the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi of the fifth century: "Artashes traveled to the location of the confluence of the Yeraskh and Metsamor [rivers] and taking a liking to the position of the hills [adjacent to Mount Ararat], he chose it as the location of his new city, naming it after himself." According to the accounts given by Greek historians Plutarch and Strabo, Artashat is said to have been chosen and developed on the advice of the Carthaginian general Hannibal:
However, modern historians argue that there is no direct evidence to support the above. Some sources have also indicated that Artashes built his city upon the remains of an old Urartian settlement. Strabo and Plutarch describe Artashat as a large and beautiful city and call it the "Armenian Carthage". A focal point of Hellenistic culture, Armenia's first theatre was built here. Movses Khorenatsi points that in addition to numerous copper pagan statues of the gods and goddesses of Anahit, Artemis and Tir brought from the religious center of Bagaran and other regions to the city, Jews from the former Armenian capital of Armavir were relocated to Artashat.
Artashes also built a citadel (which was later named Khor Virap and gained prominence as the location where Gregory the Illuminator was to be imprisoned by Tiridates III of Armenia) and added other fortifications, including a moat. Given the city's strategic position on the Araks valley, Artashat soon became a center of bustling economic activity and thriving international trade, linking Persia and Mesopotamia with the Caucasus and Asia Minor. Its economic wealth can be gauged in the numerous bathhouses, markets, workshops administrative buildings that sprang up during the reign of Artashes I. The city had its own treasury and customs. The amphitheater of Artashat was built during the reign of king Artavasdes II (55-34 BC). The remains of the huge walls surrounding the city built by King Artashes I could be found in the area.
Wars against Romans and Persians
During the reign of Tigranes II, the Armenian kingdom expanded and conquered many territories in the south and west, ultimately reaching the Mediterranean Sea. Due to the remoteness of Artashat in the greater context of the empire, Tigranes built a new capital called Tigranocerta. However, in 69 the Roman general Lucullus invaded Armenia, defeated Tigranes' forces at the outskirts of Tigranocerta, and sacked the new capital. As the harassed Roman forces continued to move northeast in pursuit of the Armenian king, a second prominent battle took place, this time at Artashat where, according to Roman sources, Tigranes II was defeated once again. Artashat was restored as capital of Armenia in 60 B.C.
However, the city remained a hotly contested military target for the next two centuries. It was occupied by Capadocian legions under the Roman general Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, who razed it to the ground in 59 AD as part of the first, short-lived, Roman conquest of Armenia. After Emperor Nero recognized Tiridates I as king of Armenia in 66, he granted him 50 million sesterces and sent architects and construction experts to help in the reconstruction of the ruined city. The city was temporarily renamed Neronia, in honor of its sponsor, Nero.
Artashat remained the capital of Armenia until 120 when the see of power was moved to Vagharshapat during the reign of Vologases I (Vagharsh I) 117/8–144. After his death, the Romans led by Statius Priscus invaded Armenia and destroyed Artashat in 162 A.D. Archaeological excavations conducted during the Soviet era uncovered a Latin inscription bearing the full titles of the Emperor Trajan that was probably inscribed upon the governor's palace, dating back to the first quarter of the second century. Artashat remained one of the principal political and cultural centres of Armenia until 369 when it was thoroughly destroyed by the Sassanid Persian invading army of king Shapur II.
In 449, just prior to the Battle of Avarayr, the city witnessed the gathering of the Artashat Council, where the political and religious leaders of Christian Armenia gathered to discuss the threats of the Sassanid king Yazdegerd II. However, after losing its status as a capital to Vagharshapat and later Dvin, Artashat gradually lost its significance, though it continued to be a notable settlement for centuries.
In 587 during the reign of emperor Maurice, Artashat and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the Sassanid Persian Empire at the battle of the Blarathon.
The exact location of ancient Artashat was identified during the 1920s, with archaeological excavations beginning in 1970. The archaeological site is south of the modern city of Artashat, near the monastery of Khor Virap.
Soviet period and independence
The modern town of Artashat was founded by the Soviet government in 1945, 8 km northwest of the ancient city, within the Armenian SSR. It was given the status of an urban community with the merger of three villages, Upper Ghamarlu, Lower Ghamarlu, and Narvezlu.
The town grew gradually as an industrial hub during the Soviet period, mainly in the sphere of food-processing and building materials production.
In 1995, with the new law of the territorial administration of Armenia, Artashat became the provincial centre of the newly created Ararat Province.
References
Further reading
Former capitals of Armenia
Archaeological sites in Armenia
Forts in Armenia
Buildings and structures in Ararat Province
Ararat Province |
20471300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Following%20My%20Own%20Tracks | Following My Own Tracks | Following My Own Tracks is a single by The Whitlams from their second album, Undeniably. It is one of seven songs written by Stevie Plunder on the album. Released on 2 June 1995.
Track listing
Met My Match – 3:36
Following My Own Tracks – 3:31
Pass The Flagon – 3:32
You'll Find a Way – 4:25
References
The Whitlams songs
1995 singles
Songs written by Stevie Plunder
1994 songs |
44496890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortilia%20parathicta | Tortilia parathicta | Tortilia parathicta is a species of moth in the Stathmopodidae family. It is found in India.
References
Stathmopodidae |
17338969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Bellemare | Pierre Bellemare | Pierre Bellemare (21 October 1929 – 26 May 2018) was a French writer, novelist, radio personality, television presenter, TV producer, director, and actor.
Television
La Tête et les Jambes
J'ai un Secret : (26 September 1982 – 18 December 1983)
Les Grosses Têtes : (February 1990 – March 1996)
Le Bigdil : (2 February 1998 – 23 July 2004) – Anthony, the bison
Drôle de jeu : (March 1998 – June 1999) – Anthony, the bison
Crésus : (4 July 2005 – 1 September 2006) – mister Ghost
En toutes lettres : (September 2009 – June 2011) – the animator with Julien Courbet.
Bibliography
DAVID, Jean-Marie. "Bellemare, Pierre". In Dictionnaire des littératures policières (vol. 1, A-I), under the direction of Claude Mesplède. Nantes : Joseph K., nov. 2007, p. 197. (Temps noir).
Filmography
Radio
Since 2013 : Les pieds dans le plat on Europe 1
References
External links
Official site
Biography
1929 births
2018 deaths
People from Boulogne-Billancourt
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
20th-century French male actors
French radio personalities
French television presenters
French television producers
French male television actors
French crime fiction writers
Writers from Île-de-France
20th-century French non-fiction writers
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French non-fiction writers
21st-century French male actors
French game show hosts
French male film actors
French male novelists |
44496895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20European%20Road%20Championships | 1998 European Road Championships | The 1998 European Road Championships were held in Uppsala, Sweden, in August 1998. Regulated by the European Cycling Union. The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men.
Events summary
Medal table
References
External links
The European Cycling Union
European Road Championships, 1998
European Road Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Sweden
1998 in Swedish sport
Sports competitions in Uppsala
August 1998 sports events in Europe |
44496907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Naughty%20Otter | The Naughty Otter | The Naughty Otter is a 1916 British short silent film directed by American filmmaker Charles Urban. He made the film, probably as part of his 'Curious Pals' series of animal films while visiting England during World War I. It features an otter on a table up to mischievous tricks and ends up knocking over a bowl of water.
References
1916 films
British silent short films
British black-and-white films
Films about otters |
17338989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napok | Napok | Napok is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasup | Nasup | Nasup is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayang%2C%20Myanmar | Nayang, Myanmar | Nayang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20European%20Road%20Championships | 1999 European Road Championships | The 1999 European Road Championships were held in Lisbon, Portugal, in August 1999. Regulated by the European Cycling Union. The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men.
Events summary
Medal table
References
External links
The European Cycling Union
European Road Championships, 1999
European Road Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Portugal
1999 in Portugal
Sports competitions in Lisbon
August 1999 sports events in Europe
1990s in Lisbon |
23578275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925%20Copa%20del%20Rey | 1925 Copa del Rey | The King Alfonso XIII's Cup 1925 was the 25th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.
Teams
Two more teams were invited to play the tournament that year. Besides the ten regional champions, the champion of Castile and León was also invited. The Levante Championship was split in two tournaments: The Valencian Championship and the Murcian Championship. So twelve teams (record at that time) were invited to the tournament.
Biscay: Arenas Club
Gipuzkoa: Real Sociedad
Centre Region: Athletic Madrid
South Region: Sevilla FC
Galicia: Celta de Vigo
Asturias: Stadium Ovetense
Cantabria: Racing de Santander
Catalonia: FC Barcelona
Aragon: Stadium de Zaragoza
Valencia: Valencia CF
Castile and León: CD Español
Inscription of Real Murcia, champions of new Championship of Murcia, was not accepted.
Group stage
The winner of each group advanced to the semifinals.
Group I
Group II
Tie-break match
Group III
Group IV
Semifinals
First leg:
Final
Notes
References
Linguasport.com
RSSSF.com
Copa del Rey seasons
Copa Del Rey, 1925
Copa |
17339008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngamaw | Ngamaw | Ngamaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20inferalis | Cliniodes inferalis | Cliniodes inferalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Costa Rica and the eastern Andes from the Valle de Cauca in Colombia to Peru (Junín).
The length of the forewings is 15–17 mm for males and 17–18 mm for females. The forewing costa is dark red and the basal area is grey with dark violet scales. The medial area is dark violet-brown and postmedial area is brownish violet. The hindwings are translucent white with a black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January, February and from May to November.
Etymology
The species name refers to the maculation that is darker than Cliniodes superbalis, from which its distinct status is inferred. The name is derived from Latin infera (meaning the lower world).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
44496924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20A.%20Krohn | Chester A. Krohn | Chester A. Krohn (April 16, 1915 – October 18, 1996) was an American teacher and politician.
Born in Marshfield, Wisconsin, Krohn graduated from University of Wisconsin–Madison and was a high school teacher. He served as clerk of the Marshfield Board of Education. In 1941, Krohn served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was elected on the Wisconsin Progressive Party ticket.
Notes
1915 births
1996 deaths
People from Marshfield, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Educators from Wisconsin
Wisconsin Progressives (1924)
School board members in Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American educators |
44496928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortilia%20hemitorna | Tortilia hemitorna | Tortilia hemitorna is a species of moth in the Stathmopodidae family. It is found in India.
References
Stathmopodidae |
23578289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Stanly%20County%2C%20North%20Carolina | National Register of Historic Places listings in Stanly County, North Carolina | This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Stanly County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.
Current listings
|}
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina
List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina
References
Stanly County, North Carolina
Stanly County |
23578353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Allure | Eden Allure | Eden Allure was the brand name of a line under Cultural Connections, LLC, an American manufacturer of argan oil based natural skin, hair, and body care products. It was founded in Orlando, FL in 2007. Cultural Connections is currently (as of 2015) on a worldwide basis re-branding its products for sale in the United States, Canada, and worldwide under a new name. The previous Eden Allure brand included premium skin, hair, and body care products, and its formulas utilize natural and organic ingredients and 100% Argan oil.
Products
Eden Allure's original product was pure argan oil. Although they mixed it in other products, the pure oil was the most popular seller. Other products in the Eden Allure skin care line included soaps.
Environmental Policy
Cultural Connections LLC contributed money to Global Fund for Women and to the Kiva microloan organization.
Distribution
The Eden Allure brand was distributed in South Korea, Canada, Bulgaria and the United States.
History of cosmetics
Cosmetics companies of the United States |
17339014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare%20Creatures%20II | Nightmare Creatures II | Nightmare Creatures II is a survival horror video game developed by Kalisto Entertainment and published by Konami for the PlayStation and Dreamcast. It is the sequel to Nightmare Creatures.
Plot
In 1934, Adam Crowley, an occultist, and antagonist from the previous game has created a vast race of mutant creatures, which he is using to wipe out a group of monster hunters called the Circle. Meanwhile, Herbert Wallace, a patient at Crowley's genetics hospital, escapes from captivity, armed with an axe. He arrives in London, where he discovers evidence of a picture of Ignatius Blackward, who in the previous game with Nadia Franciscus, had defeated Crowley. In a fire, Wallace is rescued from it by Rachel, the only surviving member of the Circle. They head their separate ways, with Wallace venturing to Crowley's castle, only to discover that Crowley himself is not there, but he is in Paris.
He then falls down a chute, which leads to a biplane that he flies to France. Wallace enters a cinema, where he finds a note from Rachel informing him that she knows of Crowley's plans. He then proceeds onwards to a museum to meet up with Rachel, but unknown to Wallace, Rachel is captured by zombies. Wallace then enters the museum, where he finds a detailed blueprint of the Eiffel Tower, along with some of Crowley's plans. In a crypt that Wallace enters, he is attacked by zombies, escapes in a car, and crashes in an elaborate graveyard after getting assaulted by a zombie that hid in the back, where he finds a part of Rachel's shirt snagged on a tree.
Wallace departs from the graveyard and falls into a sewer, which in turn takes him to the Paris underground, where he finds evidence of documents of ancient cults and a passage that leads to the Eiffel Tower. He then climbs to the top of the structure, where he finds a grotesque monstrosity. Using dynamite, he explodes the creature, only for the explosion to throw him off the top of the spire. However, his fall is cushioned, and he is reunited with Rachel, whereupon they walk away together. Whether Crowley is plotting his next scheme or gone forever is completely unknown.
Gameplay
The gameplay is similar to the previous installment, seeing the adrenaline bar abandoned and the addition of fatality moves to execute weakened enemies. Unlike the previous game though, Herbert is the only playable character and the unlockable ability to play as a monster is absent.
Music
The game features licensed music from Rob Zombie in the cutscenes while the in-game music was composed by the Nightmare Creatures composer, Frédéric Motte.
Reception
The PlayStation version of Nightmare Creatures II received "mixed" reviews, while the Dreamcast version received "unfavorable" reviews, according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Greg Orlando of NextGen quoted a song by Carly Simon, "You're So Vain", in saying of the latter console version, "Konami's 'dream' turns out to be nothing but 'clouds in our coffee.'"
References
External links
Official Website Archive
2000 video games
Dreamcast games
Horror video games
Konami games
PlayStation (console) games
Survival video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in France
Video games scored by Frédéric Motte
Video games set in London
Video games set in Paris
Video games set in 1934
Single-player video games |
17339018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramus%20%28disambiguation%29 | Pyramus (disambiguation) | Pyramus is a character in Greek mythology.
Pyramus may also refer to:
Pyramus, a historical name for the Ceyhan River in Turkey
14871 Pyramus, an asteroid
, two Royal Navy ships
Denis Pyramus, 12th-13th century Anglo-Norman Benedictine monk and poet
See also
Bayerotrochus pyramus, commonly called the pyramus slit shell, a species of large sea snail
Poecilmitis pyramus, also known as the Pyramus opal, a species of butterfly |
44496929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism%20in%20the%20United%20States | Pacifism in the United States | Pacifism has manifested in the United States in a variety of forms (such as peace movements), and in myriad contexts (such as opposition to the Civil War and to nuclear weapons). In general, it exists in contrast to an acceptance of the necessity of war for national defense.
Pacifist ideas
In early America religious groups such as the Brethren, Mennonites, and Quakers disseminated "antiwar sentiments...fostered by a growing colonial aversion to the carnage of the European imperial wars."
In the 1930s influential theologian Reinhold Niebuhr rejected overly idealist pacifism as "perverse sentimentality," in favor of just war.
In contrast to pacifism based on religious beliefs, some in the U.S. have opposed violent conflict on economic grounds, or for other practical, non-religious reasons.
U.S. Congress created the United States Institute of Peace in 1984 to promote international peace through education.
Wartime
War of 1812
The war ended in February 1815. New peace groups formed shortly thereafter: the New York Peace Society (est. August 1815) and Massachusetts Peace Society (est. December 1815).
Civil War
World War I
World War II
Korean War
The American Peace Crusade formed in 1951, in opposition to U.S. involvement in the Korean War.
Vietnam War
2001 Afghanistan War
Iraq War
See also
Peace movement in the United States
List of anti-war organizations in the United States
United States Pacifist Party
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (est. 1910)
War is a Racket
Pacifism in Germany
References
Bibliography
Published in 20th century
C. Chatfield (1971). For peace and justice: Pacifism in America, 1914-1941 (University of Tennessee Press)
L.S. Witner (1984). Rebels against war: The American peace movement, 1933-1983 (Temple University Press, Philadelphia)
1990s
R.C. Peace III (1991). A just and lasting peace: The US peace movement from the Cold War to desert storm (Noble Press, Chicago)
C. Chatfield (1992). The American peace movement: Ideal and activism (New York)
C. Smith (1996). Resisting Reagan: The US-Central America peace movement. University of Chicago Press
Published in 21st century
2000s
C.F. Howlett (2005). History of the American peace movement 1890-2000: The emergence of a new scholarly discipline Edwin Mellen Press, New York
2010s
(About the 1940s-1970s)
External links
Images |
17339025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngawagyalaw | Ngawagyalaw | Ngawagyalaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never%20Apart | Never Apart | 不會分離 (Pinyin: Bú Huì Fēn Lí; lit. never apart) is Michael Wong's fifth solo album released on 9 November 2007. It consists of a CD and a DVD. The CD is a collection of new songs (except for Track 7 which was previously released as an online single for download). The DVD consists of the MV of Track 2 of the CD and bonus features.
CD Track list
煙火 (yān huǒ; Fireworks) – 4:13
不會分離 (bù huì fēn lí; Never Apart) – 5:53
I Miss You – 4:36
女孩別哭 (nǚ hái bié kū; Girl, Don't Cry) – 4:20
風雨同路 (fēng yǔ tóng lù; Stand Together) – 4:23
愛可以點亮整個世界 (ài kě yǐ diǎn liàng zhěng gè shì jiè; Love Brightens The World) – 4:16
I Am Who I Am (我就是我) (wǒ jiù shì wǒ) – 3:56
雙子星 (shuāng zi xīng; Gemini) – 4:05
住在遙遠的星球 (zhù zài yáo yuǎn de xīng qiú; Living on a Faraway Planet) – 4:49
驚嘆號 (jīng tàn hào; Exclamation Mark) – 3:46
References
External links
Michael Wong Never Apart Album Lyrics
Michael Wong (singer) albums
2007 albums
Mandopop albums |
44496966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20abscess | Cold abscess | Cold abscess refers to an abscess that lacks the intense inflammation usually associated with infection. This may be associated with infections due to bacteria like tuberculosis and fungi like blastomycosis that do not tend to stimulate acute inflammation. Alternatively, cold abscesses are typical in persons with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, even when infected with an organism like Staphylococcus aureus that causes abscesses with inflammation in others.
Signs of acute inflammation are absent, so the abscess is not hot and red as in a typical abscess filled with pus. Cold abscesses are generally painless cysts that may be subcutaneous, ocular, or in deep tissue such as the spine.
See also
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
References
Tuberculosis |
17339032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngawapaka | Ngawapaka | Ngawapaka is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngawlawngtam | Ngawlawngtam | Ngawlawngtam is an Enland village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paingmaw | Paingmaw | Paingmaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20471352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Hartmann | Emil Hartmann | Emil Hartmann (1 February 1836, Denmark – 18 July 1898, Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish composer of the romantic period, fourth generation of composers in the Danish Hartmann musical family.
Early life and education
Hartmann was born on 1 February 1836 in Copenhagen, the eldest son of composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann and of his composer wife Emma Hartmann. He grew up in the Zinn House in Copenhagen.
Emil Hartmann got his first education from his father Johan Peter Emilius and brother-in-law Niels Gade. His piano teachers were Niels Ravnkilde (1823-1890) and Anton Rée (1820-1886). Letters from Hans Christian Andersen show that he was composing even before he could talk properly.
Career
Emil Hartmann was a prolific composer who wrote seven symphonies, concertos for respectively violin, cello and piano, several ouvertures, a symphonic poem (Hakon Jarl), orchestral suites, serenades, ballets, operas and singspiels, incidental music and cantatas. He was also the author of multiple works of chamber music (nonet, piano quintet, string quartets, clarinet quartets, piano trios, serenade for clarinet, cello and piano, sonatas for violin and piano, etc), songs and piano music. His opera Ragnhild («Runenzauber» in German) was created by Gustav Mahler in Hamburg. His music is resolutely Nordic, colourful and melodic and won great popularity in his days when performed. At the time, his arrangements of Scandinavian folk music became famous, in line with Brahms’ Hungarian Dances or Dvorak's Slavonic Dances. Stylistically, his works form a Scandinavian pendant to the music of some of his more famous contemporaries such as Dvorak or Tchaikovsky. Most of his works were published by German editors.
In 1858, Hartmann' s first major work to be played in public was a Passion Hymn on a text by Bernhard Severin Ingemann for Soprano, Chorus and Orchestra, played on Easter Day in Copenhagen Cathedral. That same year, he and his later brother-in-law August Winding were given the task to compose music for August Bournonville's ballet Fjeldstuen. The ballet was first performed at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen in May 1859 and became an immediate success which ran for a long time.
Still in 1859, he received a scholarship and went on study tour to Germany, where he spent most time in Leipzig, but visited also Berlin, Paris and Vienna. After returning to Denmark, he took a position as organist at the St. Johannes Church in Copenhagen in 1861 and from 1871 at the Christiansborg Palace Chapel.
Emil Hartmann was a gifted conductor and went yearly on tour to Germany and elsewhere to conduct his works in the major cities, always to great acclaim. Following the decease of Niels W. Gade, he became his successor at the head of the Copenhagen Musikforeningen for a brief period but had to resign for health reasons.
Family
Emil Hartmann belonged to an old family of artists which dominated Danish musical life for close to a century and a half. He was fourth generation of composers in the Hartmann family, as well as brother-in-law to composers Niels Gade and August Winding, and brother to the sculptor Carl Hartmann.
He married Bolette Puggaard, a daughter of the wealthy merchant and philanthropist Rudolph Puggaard and granddaughter of merchant Hans Puggaard and his painter wife Bolette Puggaard. For his wedding in the Cathedral Vor Frue Kirke in Copenhagen, Niels W. Gade and Hans Christian Andersen wrote in common a wedding cantata. He acquired the house Carlsminde on the countryside North of Copenhagen where he could compose quietly.
Emil Hartmann had three sons, Johannes Palmer Hartmann (1870-1948) who established a large horticulture in Ghent, Rudolph Puggaard Hartmann (1871-1958), an electro-engineer, and Oluf Hartmann (1879-1910), a painter, who died early and in whose memory Carl Nielsen wrote his Andante Lamentoso, "At the bier of a young artist". His two daughters were Bodil Neergaard (1867-1959), a soprano, philanthropist and patron of the arts who lived at Fuglsang Manor in Lolland, and Agnete Lehmann (1868-1902), actress at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, and wife of Julius Lehmann (1861-1931), theatre and opera instructor. The Danish film director Lars von Trier descends from Emil Hartmann.
Personality
Emil Hartmann’s highly eccentric personality was multifaceted and reflected both his great charm, his fiery temper and a darker and melancholic side. He had a baroque sense of humour. One day for instance, when he was staying at Fuglsang manor, a German lady, Mrs Ströhmer, had been expected but her arrival had been delayed. So he decided instead to dress himself up with grey curls and a black dress, pretending to be her, and played his role so well that none of the other guests doubted a minute that he was really «Mrs Ströhmer». One of them whispered to her neighbour that this was really a «rather vulgar person». The children were struggling to remain serious. However, at one point, «Mrs Ströhmer» made a dramatic gesture pointing at a painting on the wall of the naked Kraka, trying in vain to hide her charms by means of a fishing net, and said loudly in German: «Ah, maybe the late baroness?», whereupon everybody burst into laughter and the disguise could no longer be hidden.
Emil Hartmann was a cosmopolitan and used to say: «Yes of course, God, King and Country, and the World Axe goes through the horse in Kongens Nytorv«(statue in Copenhagen’s central square). His son Rudolph describes also his hostility to the rampant anti-semitism of the day, one of his favourite sayings being that «we are all Jews for our Lord».
All his life, Emil Hartmann suffered from poor health, psychological troubles and regular depressions, and decided on several occasions to reside in psychiatric institutions for treatment. His later years were marked by a growing weakness that often put him in dark moods; he tried then to abreact by taking a walk with a whip and crack it at imaginary critics of his art.
After his death, his music fell in oblivion, but is having a certain renaissance lately.
List of works
Here is an incomplete list of his works:
First Piano Sonata, in F Major
Second Piano Sonata, in D Major
Scherzetto for piano, dedicated to Niels Wilhelm Gade
Two Capriccios for Piano
Jery und Baetely (Singspiel after Goethe)
First String Quartet, in A Major
First Piano Trio, in F sharp minor
First Quartet, in A Major, for Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Cello
Second Quartet, in B Major, for Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Cello
First Sonata for Violin and Piano, in G Major
Op. 1 Four Songs for Voice and Piano, on texts by Emil Aarestrup and Christian Winther (1857)
Passion Hymn (Soprano, Chorus and Orchestra, on a text by Bernhard Severin Ingemann 1858)
Fjeldstuen (Ballet composed together with his brother-in-law August Winding, on a choreography by August Bournonville, 1859)
Op. 2 Halling og Menuet (Wedding music - published as Nordic folk dance no. 4)
Ten Spiritual Songs (1860)
Op. 3 A Night in the Mountains (En Nat mellem Fjeldene, Singspiel after Jens Christian Hostrup, 1863)
Op. 3a Spring Dance (Published as Nordic folk dance No. 5)
Cantata for the Inauguration of the Johanneskirke in Copenhagen (Chorus and Organ, 1861)
Wedding songs (Chorus and Orchestra, 1864, for his own wedding)
Op. 4 Elver Girl (Elverpigen, Opera after Thomas Overskou, 1867)
Op. 5 Twenty Four Romances and melodies for song and piano (dedicated to Bolette Hartmann, 1864, wherein nine love songs after Christian Winther, published in Germany as Lieder und Weisen im nordischem Volkston, for Voice and Piano)
Op. 5a Piano Quintet, in G minor (1865)
Op. 6 First Symphony, in D minor
Op. 6a Old Memories (Gamle Minder, Second movement of the first symphony, later published as Nordic folk dance No. 2)
Op. 6b Elver girls and hunters (Elverpigerne og jægerne, Third movement of the first symphony, later published as Nordic folk dance No. 3)
Op. 7 Suite (Orchestra)
Op. 8 Little Mermaid (Havfruen - Solo, Chorus and Orchestra - 1867)
Op. 9 Second Symphony, in E minor
Op. 10 Second Piano Trio, in B Major (1867, dedicated to J.P.E. Hartmann)
Op. 10a Second String Quartet, in A Major
Op. 11 Fra Hoejlandene, Nordiske Tonebilleder, for piano (Five Pieces entitled respectively: Fra Højlandene, Gamle minder, En leg, Fra fjorden, Folkedans -1869)
Cantata for Rudolf and Signe Puggaard’s Silver Wedding (Chorus and Piano, 1868)
Op. 12 Second Sonata for Violin and Piano, in A minor (1868)
Op. 12a Andante and Allegro for Violin and Piano (first movement of the Sonata Opus 12, dedicated to N.W. Gade)
Third Symphony, in B flat major (1871)
Op. 13 Vinter og Vaar (Winter and Spring, Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra, 1872)
Op. 13a Five Melodies for Mezzo or Bariton and Piano (dedicated to Signe Puggaard)
Dæmring (Prelude to the Ballet Valdemar, Choreography by August Bournonville, 1872)
Korsikaneren (Corsica transferees - Singspiel after Ludovic de Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges,1873)
Op. 14 Third String Quartet, in A minor
Op. 14a Romances and Songs, for Voice and Piano (1871)
Op. 15 Fra Aarets Tider. To i Baaden (Songs for Men Chorus, 1875)
Op. 15a Three Melodies
Op. 16 Arabesque and Caprice, for Piano (dedicated to Ferdinand Hiller - 1876)
Op. 17 Third Sonata for Piano, in F Major (1879)
Op. 18 Scherzo (for orchestra, Published as Nordic folk dance No. 1 - The dances Op. 3a, 2, 6a and 6b were collected in a Suite called "Nordic folk dances")
Op. 19 Violin Concerto, in G minor (1879, dedicated to Joseph Joachim)
Op. 20 Fourteen Small Songs for the Youth (Works from his childhood, published in 1877)
Op. 21 Four Songs for Intermediary Voice and Piano (I Storm, Nattergalen, Myggevise, Aftensang)
Op. 22 Christines Sange, Religious Songs for Voice and Piano (1877)
Op.23 Ballscenen, Taenze und Arabesken, for Piano (Suite comprising: Introduction, Graceful Waltz, Polka, Menuet, Intermezzo I - la Coquette, Cross dance, Waltz, Furious Gallop, Intermezzo II - Love scene, Zipline, FInal Waltz - printed in 1880)
Op. 24 Serenade for Clarinet, Cello and Piano, in A major (1877)
Op. 25 Hærmændene på Helgeland (in German: Eine Nordische Heerfahrt, Concert Overture after Henrik Ibsen, 1878)
Op. 26 Cello Concerto, in D minor (ca. 1879)
Op. 27 Four Songs for Men Chorus
Op. 28 Three Mazurkas for Piano (1881)
Op. 29 Fourth Symphony (Published as No. 1), in E flat major (1879)
Op. 30 Skandinavisk Folkemusik (50 Pieces for the Piano, some of which he later orchestrated and arranged in four suites for orchestra - 1881)
Op. 31 Four Piano Pieces (Entitled respectively: Elegi, Impromptu, Canzonetta, Etude - 1889)
Op. 32 A Carnival Fest (Suite of dances for orchestra, comprising a March, a Mazurka, an Introduction and Waltz, an Intermezzo and a final Tarentella -1882)
Op. 33 Towards the Light (Cantata after Martin Kok for Chorus and orchestra)
Jean-Marie (Stage music, 1883)
Op. 34 Fifth Symphony (Published as No. 2), in A minor, Fra Riddertiden (From Knights' Time) (published in 1887)
Op. 34a Im Mondschein (I Maaneskin), Introduction and Waltz for Orchestra (1887)
Op. 35a Lieder und Gesaenge, for Voice and Piano, vol 1 comprising six melodies (1886)
Op. 35b Lieder und Gesaenge, for Voice and Piano, vol 2 comprising six other melodies (1886)
Op. 36 Fire Sange i Folketone (1886)
Op. 37 Fourth String Quartet, in C minor (1885)
Op. 39 Dance Suite for Orchestra (Comprising a Polka, a Waltz and a Gallop - 1887)
Op. 40 Hakon Jarl (Symphonic Poem, dedicated to his daughter Agnete Lehmann - 1886)
Op. 41 Norsk Lyrik, Songs for Voice and Piano (Cycle of 14 songs, on Norwegian poems, dedicated to his daughter Bodil Neergaard -1890)
Op. 42 Sixth Symphony (Published as No. 3), in D major (dedicated to the Royal Chapel in Berlin, 1887)
Op. 43 Serenade (Nonet) for Flute, Oboe, 2 Clarinets, 2 Bassoons, 2 Horns, Violoncello and Double Bass (ca.1885)
Op. 44 Scottish Overture (Orchestra, 1890)
Christian den Anden (Christian II, Incidental music for a play by Jenny Blicher, 1889)
Scandinavian Fest March (for Orchestra, ca. 1889)
Op. 45 Dyvekesuite (Incidental music for the play Kristian den Anden, arranged as a Suite for Small Orchestra, and comprising the following pieces: Narren, Bondedans, Dyveke danser for Kongen, Fredløs, Romance, Folkedans, Afskeden - ca. 1890)
Conzerthaus-Polka (Orchestra, 1891)
Op. 46 Ouverture Pastorale (for Orchestra, 1869)
Op. 47 Piano concerto, in F minor (Dedicated to Julius Roentgen,1891)
A Storm in a Tea Cup (Incidental music to a play by Helge Hostrup, 1892)
The Island of Sydhavet (Øen I Sydhavet, Incidental music to a play by Holger Drachmann, 1893)
Op. 49 Seventh Symphony (numbered as No. 4), in D minor (1893)
Ragnhild (Runenzauber in German, or Magical runes, Opera after Henrik Hertz, 1896)
Wedding Festival in Hardanger (En Bryllupsfest i Hardanger, Ballet, 1897)
Det store Lod (Comic Opera after Henrik Hertz, 1898)
By Summertime (Ved Sommertiden, Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra)
Rinaldo (Cantata for Solo, Chorus and Orchestra)
Idyll (Cantata for Soprano, Tenor and Orchestra)
Bellmanske Sange (for four voices dame chorus)
4 Spiritual Songs
6 Quartets for Male Voices (1880)
Efterklang til Tyrfing (after the poetry of Henrik Hertz)
Fourth Piano Sonata, in G minor (Last movement unfinished)
Det døende barn (The dying child, Song for Voice and Piano after Hans Christian Andersen)
Berceuse for Violin and Piano, in E major
Many other unpublished works, and in particular songs and piano music, mainly from his younger years.
Sources
Bodil Neergaard, Hendes Slaegt og Virke skildret af Slaegt og Venner i Anledning af Hendes 80-aars Dag, Koebenhavn 1947
Soerensen, Inger, Hartmann, Et Dansk Komponistdynasti, Koebenhavn 1999, 656 pages
Soerensen, Inger, JPE Hartmann og Hans kreds. En komponistfamilies breve 1780-1900, bd 1-4, Koebenhavn 1999-1900, 2452 pages
Soerensen, Inger, Emil Hartmann, Koebenhavn, 2020
Kritischer Bericht ueber die Aufuehrungen der Compositionen von Emil Hartmann, Koebenhavn, 1896
External links
Biography at naxos.com
1836 births
1898 deaths
Male composers
Musicians from Copenhagen
19th-century Danish people
19th-century Danish composers
University of Copenhagen alumni
Burials at Holmen Cemetery
19th-century male musicians
Hartmann family |
44496973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinu%20Udani%20Siriwardhana | Vinu Udani Siriwardhana | Vinu Udani Siriwardana (Sinhala:විනු උදානි සිරිවර්ධන) (born March 10, 1992) is a Sri Lankan actress, model and TV presenter. In 2012 she participated in the "Derana Veet Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012" pageant and succeeded in becoming the joint winner for the title 'Derana Veet Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012' with Sumudu Prasadini (the latter represented Sri Lanka at the Miss World 2012 beauty pageant).
Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012
Error in calculation
Vinu won the 'Derana Veet Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012' title at the official event held on 31 March 2012 at Blue Water, Wadduwa. On that day Sumudu Prasadini was chosen as the 1st runner- up of the beauty pageant. However, it was later revealed that a calculation error had occurred and on 4 April 2012, Sumudu Prasadini was crowned the winner of the pageant at a ceremony held at Galle Face Hotel, Colombo. It was concluded that both, Vinu and Sumudu would share the main title and that Sumudu would represent Sri Lanka at the Miss World 2012 pageant held in China on August 18, 2012.
In addition to the main title, Vinu also won the title 'Miss Talent' at one of the mini pageants held during the event and the title 'Sunday Observer Most Popular contestant' by receiving the highest number of public votes through the Sunday Observer newspaper.
Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International
Vinu also represented Sri Lanka at 18th Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International pageant, which was held in Nanjing, China and competed for the main title as well as two mini titles - 'Best in Talent' and 'Best National Costume'. At this competition, she succeeded in making into the top ten finalists in 'Best in Talent' and top 25 in 'Best National Costume' titles.
Acting career
Vinu started her acting career through the teledrama Pipena Mal playing the supporting role of Parami. But her most notable performance as an actress was the character "Tharumalee" in the teledrama Tharumalee and Wes teledrama. In addition to acting in teledramas, Vinu has also proven her talent through acting in several music videos.
Filmography
Personal life
Vinu is the second in her family with an elder brother (Sanu) and a younger sister (Ruvi). She is a past pupil of Anula Vidyalaya. Currently she lives in Dehiwala with her family. She is married.
Recently she was awarded the Nelson Mendala Peace Awards 2019. In addition, she worked as the host of the Friday Hada Redi Peya program. She also plans to write a book.She got married to an Advance level Economics and Business studies lecturer Mr.Kasun Liyanage on 28th August 2020
References
External links
News in Pictures
1992 births
Living people
Sri Lankan film actresses
Sri Lankan television actresses
Sri Lankan beauty pageant winners |
20471379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Schultz | Bill Schultz | Bill or William Schultz may refer to:
Bill Schultz (American football) (born 1967), American retired football player
Bill Schultz (producer) (born 1960), American television producer
Bill Schultz (Fender) (1926–2006), CEO of Fender Musical Instruments Corporation
Bill Schultz (rugby league, born 1891) (1891–1975), Australian rugby league footballer
William Schultz (rugby league) (1938–2015), known as Bill, New Zealand rugby league footballer
William L. Schultz (1923–2009), American circus performer, teacher, and writer
Captain Willy Schultz, a comic book character
See also
William Schulz (disambiguation), including Bill Schulz |
17339058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thisbe%20%28disambiguation%29 | Thisbe (disambiguation) | Thisbe is a character in Greek mythology.
Thisbe may also refer to:
Thisbe (Boeotia), a town of ancient Boeotia
Thisvi, a Greek town called Thisbe in ancient times
88 Thisbe, one of the largest main belt asteroids
Thisbe Nissen (born 1972), American author
Tishbe, the birthplace of the prophet Elijah
HMS Thisbe, the name of four Royal Navy warships
Thisbe (butterfly), a genus of metalmark butterflies in the tribe Nymphidiini, subtribe Lemoniadina |
17339063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pammyaw | Pammyaw | Pammyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23578360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20singles%20of%201970%20%28France%29 | List of number-one singles of 1970 (France) | This is a list of the French Singles & Airplay Chart Reviews number-ones of 1970.
Summary
Singles Chart
See also
1970 in music
List of number-one hits (France)
References
1970 in France
1970 record charts
Lists of number-one songs in France |
44496994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Football%20Club%20Social%20Alliance | The Football Club Social Alliance | The Football Club Social Alliance (FCSA) is a network of professional European football clubs that team up for social change on a global level. The FCSA runs international projects in crisis- and development regions, and projects in disability football within Europe.
History
The FCSA was established by the Scort Foundation, a politically and religiously independent non-profit foundation headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. The foundation was established according to Swiss foundation law on 27 January 2010.
In 2012, the Queens Park Rangers F.C. joined the FCSA's partnership programme.
In May 2016, the FCSA launched the young coach education programme in Jordan. In September 2017, the FCSA launched its programme in Lebanon in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Lebanese Football Association. In March 2018, the 1. FSV Mainz 05 joined the FCSA's partnership programme.
Description
The FCSA aim to empower young people from conflict and crisis regions and work with disadvantaged children. Experts of the football clubs train these young dedicated women and men together with local aid organisations to become certified “Young Coaches”– football coaches and social role models.
Scort Foundation is responsible for all conceptual and organisational tasks, including the project management, fundraising and partnerships of the FCSA. The curriculum of the Young Coach Education programme was developed by Scort. Evaluations ensure that programme quality is maintained, and social impact is maximised.
Partners
FC Basel 1893
SV Werder Bremen
Bayer 04 Leverkusen
FK Austria Wien
FC Schalke 04
1. FSV Mainz 05 (since 2018)
Board of Directors
Gigi Oeri (President)
Pierino Lardi (Vice President)
Pierre Jaccoud
Claudio Sulser
References
External links
Official website
Basel
Foundations based in Switzerland
Sports charities
Organizations established in 2007
2007 establishments in Switzerland
Association football organizations
Charities based in Switzerland
Sports organizations established in 2007 |
44497011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patanotis | Patanotis | Patanotis is a genus of moths in the family Momphidae. The species of this genus are found in Sri Lanka.
Species
Patanotis harmosta Meyrick, 1913
Patanotis metallidias Meyrick, 1913
References
ftp.funet.fr
Momphidae
Moths of Sri Lanka |
23578367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Anglo-Catholic%20Theology | Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology | The Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology (published by John Henry Parker) was a series of 19th-century editions of theological works by writers in the Church of England, devoted as the title suggests to significant Anglo-Catholic figures. It brought back into print a number of works from the 17th century, concentrating though not exclusively on the Caroline Divines. The publication of the Library, from 1841, was connected with the Oxford Movement which had begun in 1833; some of the editors, such as William John Copeland and Charles Crawley were clearly identified with the movement. However the interests of the Library diverged early from those of the Tractarians. A total of 95 volumes by 20 writers was published over a dozen years; the plan, originally, had been to include 53 authors. The Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology was founded in response to the Parker Society.
Authors
Lancelot Andrewes (1555-1626), 11 volumes, edited by J. P. Wilson and James Bliss
William Beveridge (1637-1708), 12 volumes, edited by James Bliss
John Bramhall, 5 volumes, edited by Arthur West Haddan
George Bull, 7 volumes
John Cosin (1594-1672), 5 volumes
Richard Crakanthorp, edited by Christopher Wordsworth
William Forbes
Mark Frank, 2 volumes
Peter Gunning, edited by Charles Page Eden
Henry Hammond edited by Nicholas Pocock
George Hickes
John Johnson (1662-1726), editor John Baron
William Laud (1573-1645) edited by William Scott and James Bliss
Hamon L'Estrange
Nathaniel Marshall
William Nicholson
John Overall (1559-1619)
John Pearson (1613-1686), edited by Edward Churton (minor works)
Herbert Thorndike, 6 volumes, edited by Arthur West Haddan
Thomas Wilson (1663-1755) edited by John Keble
Committee
The committee members for the Library project were the following (serving 1840 to 1845 unless otherwise marked):
R. S. Barton
Edward Churton
William John Copeland (1844-5)
John Goulter Dowling (1840-1)
William Gresley
Walter Farquhar Hook
Richard William Jelf
John Keble
Samuel Roffey Maitland (1840)
Henry Edward Manning (1845)
William Hodge Mill
George Moberly
John Henry Newman
Henry Handley Norris (1840-3)
William Palmer
Arthur Philip Perceval (1840-4)
Edward Bouverie Pusey
Robert Isaac Wilberforce (1845)
Christopher Wordsworth (1845)
See also
Library of the Fathers
Parker Society
References
External links
Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology from Project Canterbury
Christian theology books
Anglican liturgy
Anglican theology and doctrine
Anglo-Catholicism
History of the Church of England
16th-century Christian texts
17th-century Christian texts
18th-century Christian texts |
44497051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku%20Park | Suku Park | Suck-Woo Park (born 1947), also known as Suku Park , is a South Korean contemporary ceramic artist and a council member of the International Academy of Ceramics (IAC).
Early life and education
Park was born in Seoul in 1947 and attended the Fine Arts College of the Seoul National University in South Korea (1966–1970) before moving to Stockholm, Sweden in 1974 to graduate from the Swedish State School of Arts & Design (Konstfack).
Work
In early 1980s Suku Park was the art director for Pentik and lived with his family in Posio, Finland. He worked there 1984-1987 and has since his international career returned to Posio in 2011. In 1984 Suku Park moved his studio and his family to Espoo, and later in 1997 was one of the first members of Onoma (The Cooperative of Artisans, Designers and Artists in Fiskars).
Park's international career began from Posio and he has since exhibited in multiple countries with collections amongst others in the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, Museum of Painting and Sculpture in Istanbul and Musée Ariana in Geneva. Park was a professor at Sangmyung University in Seoul, South Korea from early 2000 and has since moved back to Finland and Lapland where he lives and works.
On Posio and living in Finland affecting his work, Park stated that "My language of form and expression is not Korean, but a reaction inside myself to form things with my own hands in order to give an object its own character. When I'm designing I'm thinking function, but I'm thinking humour too". He continues that his works is influenced by the environment and was fascinated with Posio and the focus he could have there.
Park is the council member of IAC in Geneva, Switzerland, member of Konsthantverkarna, Stockholm, Sweden, Ceramic Group Kuusi, Finland.
Exhibitions
Park's selected solo exhibitions include: Anthony Shaw Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1978); Lotte Gallery, Seoul, South Korea (1980); Retretti Art Center, Retretti, Finland (1985); Illums Bolighus, Copenhagen, Denmark (1985); Norway Design Center, Oslo, Norway (1985); Konsthantverkarna, Stockholm, Sweden (1986, 1989); Andrew Shire Gallery, Los Angeles, United States (1990); Mikimoto Art Hall, Ginza, Tokyo, Japan (1989, 1992); SSamjigil Seoul, South Korea; Gallery Park Ryusook Seoul, South Korea; Reuchinhaus, Pforzheim, Germany and Galerie Marian Heller Sandhausen, Germany; Mokkumto Gallery, Seoul, South Korea; and Tong-in Gallery, New York City, United States.
Collections
Park's contemporary ceramic art pieces are held at:
The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom
The British Crafts Council, London, United Kingdom
National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden
National Museum Of Contemporary Art, Seoul, South Korea
Malmö Museum, Malmo, Sweden
Röhsska Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden
Museum Of Painting and Sculpture, Istanbul, Turkey
Musée Ariana, Geneva, Switzerland
Museum of Decorative Art, Prague, Czech Republic
Museum of International Ceramics, Bechyne, Czech Republic
Museum of Porcelain, Loket, Czech Republic
Iris Collection, Porvoo, Finland
Coffee Cup Museum, Posio, Finland
Youngone Plaza, Seoul, South Korea
Total Museum, Seoul, South Korea
Daeyoo Cultural Foundation, South Korea
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
Ceramic and Glass Gallery, Waterloo, Canada
References
External links
Official Website
Gallery Marianne Heller, Suku Park exhibition
Kouvola.fi: Dialogue: Anu Pentik and Suku Park
Yourlapland.com: Dialogue: Anu Pentik and Suku Park
Tong-In Gallery, New York, Suku Park profile
"Amazon: International Competition - Fifth World Ceramic Biennale 2009 Korea, Introduction by Suku Park
Arctic Clay, Auction 2014
1947 births
Living people
South Korean artists
Seoul National University alumni
South Korean expatriates in Finland |
23578376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar%20Saghiri | Akbar Saghiri | Akbar Saghiri (; born 27 June 1982) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a striker for Mes Rafsanjan in the Azadegan League.
Club career
He was one of the top scorers in Azadegan League for Petrochimi and moved to Persepolis in June 2009.
Club career statistics
External links
Persian League Profile
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tehran
Iranian footballers
Association football forwards
Niroye Zamini players
Petrochimi Tabriz F.C. players
Persepolis F.C. players
Naft Tehran F.C. players
Machine Sazi F.C. players
Rah Ahan players
Nassaji Mazandaran players
Aluminium Hormozgan F.C. players
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
Mes Rafsanjan players
Azadegan League players |
23578390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiomano | Leiomano | The leiomano is a shark-toothed club used by various Polynesian cultures, but mostly by the native Hawaiians.
Leiomano is a word in the Hawaiian language and may have been derived from lei o manō, which means "a shark's lei."
The weapon resembles a thick ping-pong paddle inset with shark teeth. The tiger shark is the preferred source. These teeth are placed into grooves in the club and sewn into place. The tip of the handle also may utilize a marlin bill as a dagger. The weapon functions as a bladed club similar to the obsidian-studded macuahuitl of the pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures.
North America
A culturally unrelated weapon of similar form was discovered in pieces at Cahokia, Illinois, in 1948 by Gregory Perino. Greatly damaged by a plow, the weapon was composed of eight chert imitation shark teeth, and tipped with five actual shark teeth. In both cases, the teeth were related to the great white.
See also
Macuahuitl
References
Clubs (weapon)
Hawaii culture
Polynesian culture |
44497052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League%201%20Cup | League 1 Cup | The League 1 Cup was a knockout cup competition organised by the Rugby Football League for the third division of rugby league in Britain. The cup was contested by the British League 1 teams, as well as two teams from the National Conference League. The final took place on the same weekend as The Summer Bash, and was the first game of the weekend to be played.
In 2017 it was announced the League 1 Cup would be retired after just three seasons.
History
In 2013 the Championship Cup was decommissioned after 12 seasons and the Challenge Cup became the only cup competition available to the Championships. In 2015, as part of the new structure a new cup competition was to be introduced, but only available to League 1 clubs and two clubs invited from the National Conference League. The first final was played as the opening game of The Summer Bash at Bloomfield Road in Blackpool.
In 2017 the Rugby Football League (RFL) confirmed the 16 League 1 clubs had voted to scrap the League 1 Cup, mainly due to it interfering with the domestic league season. The last winners were Barrow Raiders.
Format
The first round of the League 1 Cup is split into two pools; Northern regions and South and Midlands regions, all the League 1 clubs and any National Conference League (NCL) clubs invited to enter to make the number of teams up to 16 enter at this stage. A draw is made at the beginning of each round to determine fixtures.
In the first year of the cup, 2015, there were only 14 clubs in League 1 so two NCL clubs were invited to play in the competition. In 2016 and 2017 although there were 16 clubs in League 1, the non-UK based clubs; Toulouse Olympique (2016) and Toronto Wolfpack (2017); decided not to enter the cup so one NCL club was invited to play in their stead.
Other than a regional based first round to reduce travel costs, the cup is a knock-out competition with no seeding. Only the final is played at a neutral venue.
First Round: 16 clubs enter
Second Round: Last 8
Semi Finals: Last 4.
Final: Played at Bloomfield Road
Cup Finals
Winners
Sponsorship
In February 2015, the Rugby Football League (RFL) announced a 3-year deal with isotonic soft drink company iPro for the competition to be been known as the iPro Sport Cup.
The official rugby ball supplier was Steeden.
References
External links
RFL League 1
Sports leagues established in 2015
2015 establishments in England
Rugby league competitions in the United Kingdom |
6903029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Longhorns%20football | Texas Longhorns football | The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Big 12 Conference. Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.
With over 900 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .705, the Longhorns rank 3rd and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the iconic program claims 4 national championships, 32 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (61 consensus), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
History
Beginning in 1893, the Texas Longhorns football program is one of the most highly regarded and historic programs of all time. From 1936 to 1946 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Dana X. Bible, and then from 1957 to 1976 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Darrell K Royal, who won three national championships. The first championship was in 1963 and the second was in 1969. In 2009, ESPN ranked Texas as the seventh-most prestigious college football program since 1936. In 2012, the football program was valued at $805 million, more than the calculated value of several NFL teams. Texas is known for their post-season appearances, ranking second in number of bowl game appearances (55), fourth in bowl game victories (29), most Southwest Conference football championships (27), and most Cotton Bowl Classic appearances and victories. Other NCAA records include 108 winning seasons out of 122 total seasons, 24 seasons with 10 or more wins, 9 undefeated seasons, and 26 seasons with at most one loss or tie. From 1936 to 2012, the Longhorns football teams have been in the AP or coaches' rankings 66 out of 76 seasons (86.8% of the time), finishing those seasons ranked in the top twenty-five 48 times and the top ten 28 times. Texas claims four Division I-A national championships (1963, 1969, 1970 and 2005) and 32 conference championships (3 Big 12 Conference, 27 Southwest Conference, and 2 Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association).
A total of 129 (53 consensus and 22 unanimous) Texas players have been named to College Football All-America Teams, while two Longhorn players, Earl Campbell (1977) and Ricky Williams (1998), have won the Heisman Trophy, "College football's most prestigious individual honor". Seventeen Longhorns have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, while four are enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
In the beginning of the 2019 season, Texas' all-time record was 909–371–33 (.705), which ranked as the third-most wins at the end of the same season Texas' record was 916–375–33 (.704) losing a spot and ending up in fourth in NCAA Division I FBS history.
After 15 seasons as a member of the Big 12, Texas accepted an invitation to join the SEC beginning with the 2025 season. The Longhorns football team intends to continue competing in the Big 12 for the remainder of its media rights deal, which expires in June 2025.
Conference affiliations
Texas has been affiliated with four conferences and twice been an independent.
Independent (1893–1895, 1905–1912)
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1896–1904)
Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1913–1914)
Southwest Conference (1915–1995)
Big 12 Conference (1996–present)
Southeastern Conference (beginning play in 2025)
Championships
National championships
Texas has been selected national champion in 9 seasons from NCAA-designated major selectors (including four from major wire-service: AP Poll and Coaches' Poll). The 1963, 1969, 1970, and 2005 championships are claimed by the school, while the remainder are not claimed.
Claimed national championships
Unclaimed national championships
Conference championships
Texas has won 32 conference championships, 26 outright and six shared, spanning three conferences, the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Southwest Conference, and their current conference, the Big 12 Conference.
† Co-champions
Division championships
Texas has won a share of 7 Big 12 South titles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games.
† Co-champions
Bowl games
At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 70 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons)
^ The 2006 Rose Bowl was both the Rose Bowl Game and the sanctioned BCS National Championship Game, after that season the BCS NCG became a separate game unaffiliated with the major bowl games.
† The Bluebonnet Bowl in Houston was discontinued in 1988, but was replaced by the Houston Bowl (2000–2001) and the Texas Bowl (2006–current).
‡ The Freedom Bowl merged with the Holiday Bowl in 1995.
New Year's Six bowls and Bowl Championship Series games
Texas has played in four Bowl Championship Series games (including two BCS National Championships) and one New Year's Six bowl. Texas also played in two Bowl Alliance games (the precursor to the BCS): the 1995 Sugar Bowl and the 1997 Fiesta Bowl.
Head coaches
There have been 31 head coaches since the inaugural team in 1893, with Steve Sarkisian being the current head coach of the Longhorns.
Home stadium
The Longhorns have played their home games in Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium (formerly just "Memorial Stadium" and "Texas Memorial Stadium") on Campbell-Williams Field since 1924. The stadium is located on the campus of The University of Texas in Austin, Texas. The current official stadium capacity is 100,119, making it the second largest football venue in the state of Texas, the largest in the Big 12 Conference, the fifth largest on-campus stadium in the NCAA, and the seventh largest non-racing stadium in the world.
The stadium has been expanded several times since its original opening, and now includes 100,119 permanent seats, the nation's first high definition video display in a collegiate facility nicknamed "Godzillatron," and a newly renovated Joe Jamail Field with FieldTurf. The current DKR-Texas Memorial Stadium and Big 12 attendance record was set on September 15, 2018, against USC with 103,507 spectators.
The final planned phase of the stadium's expansion includes the construction of permanent seating and an upper deck in the south end zone, completely enclosing the playing field. The stadium's seating capacity is expected to reach 112,000 once the south end zone is fully enclosed, which would mean DKR-Texas Memorial Stadium would surpass Michigan Stadium as the largest football stadium in North America. However, the date of the final construction phase to fully enclose the south end zone has not been set nor have any funds been raised. Varying sources claim this phase may not take place for upwards of 10 to 15 years, though on March 11, 2014, an announcement was made that an exploratory committee has been formed regarding the expansion of the stadium in conjunction with the construction of the Dell Medical School on campus.
Before the Longhorns football team moved to DKR, they played their home games at Clark Field from 1887 to 1924. Clark Field was a wooden-structured stadium located on the University of Texas campus. The Longhorns last game at Clark Field before moving to brand new Memorial Stadium occurred on October 25, 1924. The Longhorns battled the Florida Gators to a 7–7 tie that day. Texas finished with a record of 135–23–3 during their time at Clark Field.
Rivalries
Oklahoma
Texas has a long-standing rivalry with the University of Oklahoma. The football game between the University of Texas and Oklahoma is commonly known as the "Red River Rivalry" and is held annually in Dallas at the Cotton Bowl. Dallas is used as a "neutral site" since it is approximately midway between the two campuses. The stadium is split, with each team having an equal number of supporters on each side of the 50 yard line. Texas state flags fly around the Longhorn end of the stadium and Oklahoma state flags fly around the Sooner end. This border rivalry is often considered to be one of the top five current rivalries in the NCAA. The Red River Shootout originated in 1900, while Oklahoma was still a territory of the United States, and it is the longest-running college-football rivalry played on a neutral field. Since 2005, the football game has received sponsorship dollars in return for being referred to as the "SBC Red River Rivalry" (changed to AT&T Red River Rivalry in 2006 after SBC merged with AT&T), a move which has been criticized both for its commercialism and its political correctness. The University of Texas holds its annual Torchlight Parade during the week of the Red River Rivalry. In 2005, the Dallas Morning News did an opinion poll of the 119 Division 1A football coaches as to the nations top rivalry game in college football. The Texas-OU game was ranked third. The game typically has conference or even national significance. Since 1945, one or both of the two teams has been ranked among the top 25 teams in the nation coming into 60 out of 65 games. Twice Texas has defeated the Sooners a record eight straight times from 1940 to 1947 and 1958–1965. One of the most significant meetings was in 1963 with Oklahoma ranked No. 1 and Texas ranked No. 2, the game won by Texas 28–7 en route to their first officially recognized national championship. The series has also had its share of games that came down to the wire and comebacks most recently in 2009 when Texas cemented a 16–13 victory in the fourth quarter over OU. The game has also been the result of controversy. The meeting in 1976 was a heated affair as the Oklahoma staff was accused of spying on Texas' practices, a move later confirmed by former OU head coach Barry Switzer. In the 2008 season Texas scored 45 points over then No. 1 Oklahoma for the win, but even with the victory Texas would not go on to the Big 12 Championship game due to BCS rankings. Six of the last ten showings featured one of the participants in the BCS National Championship Game (2000, 2003–2005, 2008, 2009), including national titles won by Oklahoma in 2000 and by Texas in 2005. On October 6, 2018, the Longhorns and Sooners squared off in a Red River Rivalry game that will go down in history. After giving up a 21-point 4th Quarter lead, the Longhorns found themselves tied at 45 with the Sooners with just over two minutes left to play in the game. As the Longhorns began to systematically march down the field, time began to run out. However, a Cameron Dicker 40 yard field goal sealed a 48–45 win for the Longhorns and finally ended the 2-year drought in the Red River Rivalry.
Texas leads the all-time series 62–50–5 through the 2021 season.
Texas Tech
The first meeting between the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Matadors (as the team was known until 1937) was in 1928, a 12–0 win for Texas. The teams only faced each other nine times before 1960 with Texas holding an 8–1 record over Tech at the time. From 1960 to 1995, both schools played annually as members of the Southwest Conference. Since 1996, both schools have played as members of the Big 12 Conference. In 1996, the Texas Tech University System was established and the system's first chancellor, John T. Montford, a former member of the Texas State Senate, started the exchange of a traveling trophy between the two universities called the Chancellor's Spurs. The spurs are gold and silver and engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo and were first awarded to Texas after a 38–32 victory over the Red Raiders in Lubbock.
Texas leads the all-time series 54–17 through the 2021 season.
Arkansas
Old Southwest Conference rivals, Texas and Arkansas first met in 1894, a 54–0 win by Texas. In the days of the Southwest Conference, the game between the two schools usually decided which team would win the conference championship. Overall, Texas won the game about 71% of the time, which led to an incredibly fierce and intense rivalry. The two programs have met 79 times and have had many big games. The meeting in 1969 is the true Game of the Century commemorating the 100th year of college football, which led to the Longhorns' 1969 national championship. This game, which is commonly known as "Dixie's Last Stand" and The Big Shootout, still does not sit well with Razorback fans to this day. The game saw Arkansas lead throughout only to have Texas come from behind and win in the final minutes, 15–14. The game also saw former President Richard Nixon attend the game and crown the Longhorns the National Champion in the locker room. The Texas-Arkansas game has not been played annually since Arkansas's departure from the Southwest Conference to the Southeastern Conference in 1991. However, many Longhorn and Razorback fans still consider this matchup an important rivalry. Texas and Arkansas played in September 2008, with Texas winning, 52–10. Texas and Arkansas also played in the 2014 Texas Bowl, which Arkansas won, 31–7. Texas and Arkansas played in the 2021 regular season, with Arkansas winning by a score of 40-21.
Texas leads the series 56–23 through the 2021 season.
Nebraska
The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the two could have gone either way, with Texas stealing many of the victories in heartbreaking fashion.
Texas leads the series 10–4 through the 2018 season.
Texas A&M
The first meeting between the football squads of the University of Texas and Texas A&M was in 1894, a 38–0 win for Texas. In fact, Texas won its first seven games against the Aggies, all of them by shutout. By 1915 Texas held a 15–4–2 advantage against the Aggies. The game was a back and forth affair for the next twenty years as the home team usually took the victory in the game, however Texas still maintained the series lead. In 1940, Texas shutout the Aggies 7–0 and kept them from receiving the Rose Bowl bid that year. From that year forward Texas would go on to win 33 of the next 38 games over A&M. It was not until the mid-1980s that A&M developed a win streak over Texas and in the late 1990s and 2000s the rivalry would again go back to Longhorns. The Texas/Texas A&M rivalry has given rise to several stereotypes on both sides: Texas A&M is generally portrayed as the rural smaller school while Texas is portrayed as the urban-wealthy larger school. With the exception of the 1994 game, when A&M's probation restricted the Aggies from being televised, the annual football game with Texas A&M traditionally takes place on Thanksgiving Day or the day after each year. This iconic in-state rivalry is often considered one of the top college rivalries of all time. In July 2011, Texas A&M elected to join the Southeastern Conference beginning in 2012, as the Aggies wanted to play in a financially and competitively better conference, which Texas refused to join. The move to switch conferences resulted in the ending of the 118-year rivalry game between the two schools. On November 24, 2011, Texas faced Texas A&M in College Station in the final scheduled meeting of the rivalry as of January 2019. Texas defeated Texas A&M 27–25 on a last second field goal to win the final meeting. In an attempt to generate more attention for the rivalry in sports other than football, the two schools created the Lone Star Showdown in 2004. Essentially, each time the two schools meet in a sport, the winner of the matchup gets a point. At the end of the year, the school with the most points wins the series and receives the Lone Star Trophy.
Texas leads the series 76–37–5 through the 2021 season.
Baylor
Baylor and Texas have played each other 111 times, with the first game between Baylor and Texas being played in 1901. Only Texas A&M has played Texas more times than Baylor. Both Baylor and Texas were founding members of the South West Conference and the BIG 12 Conference. Texas leads the series with Baylor 70-28-4. However, starting in 2010 this rivalry intensified as Baylor established themselves as a major contender in the BIG 12 Conference with Baylor playing for 4 BIG 12 titles and winning 3, including a head-to-head win over Texas to clinch the BIG 12 Championship in 2013, in what is now known as the "Ice Bowl" Losing the BIG 12 Title to Baylor 30-10 was Mack Brown's last regular season game as the head coach at Texas.
Since 2010 the Baylor vs Texas series is tied at 6-6-0.
TCU
Texas leads the series with TCU 64–27–1 through the 2021 season.
Rice
All-time series records
Individual accomplishments
National awards and honors
The University of Texas has had 129 Longhorns selected to the College Football All-America Team including 53 Consensus and 22 Unanimous; Texas also has 17 players and coaches that have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
Major honors
Heisman TrophyMost Outstanding Player
Earl Campbell – 1977
Ricky Williams – 1998
Maxwell AwardBest Football Player
Tommy Nobis – 1965
Ricky Williams – 1998
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
Walter Camp AwardPlayer of the Year
Ricky Williams – 1998
Colt McCoy – 2008, 2009
Chic Harley AwardCollege Football Player of the Year
Earl Campbell – 1977
Ricky Williams – 1998
Colt McCoy – 2009
Archie Griffin AwardMost Valuable Player
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
AT&T ESPN All-America PlayerFans Most Valuable Player
Cedric Benson – 2004
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
AP Player of the YearMost Outstanding Player
Ricky Williams – 1998
SN Player of the YearTop Collegiate Football Player
Earl Campbell – 1977
Ricky Williams – 1998
Colt McCoy – 2009
UPI Player of the Year NCAA Coaches Player of the Year
Earl Campbell – 1977
Freshman of the YearTop Quarterback
Colt McCoy – 2006
University honors
Retired Jersey NumbersUniversity Honor
Bobby Layne (No. 22) – 1944–1947
Tommy Nobis (No. 60) – 1963–1965
Earl Campbell (No. 20) – 1974–1977
Ricky Williams (No. 34) – 1995–1998
Vince Young (No. 10) – 2003–2005
Colt McCoy (No. 12) – 2006–2009
Offensive honors
Doak Walker AwardBest Running Back
Ricky Williams – 1997, 1998
Cedric Benson – 2004
D'Onta Foreman – 2016
Jim Brown TrophyTop Running Back
Ricky Williams – 1997, 1998
Paul Warfield TrophyTop Wide Receiver
Jordan Shipley – 2009
Davey O'Brien AwardBest Quarterback
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
Johnny Unitas Golden Arm AwardOutstanding Senior Quarterback
Colt McCoy – 2009
Manning AwardBest Quarterback
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
Quarterback of the YearTop Quarterback
Colt McCoy – 2009
Coaching Honors
AFCA AwardCoach of the Year
Darrell Royal – 1963, 1970
Eddie Robinson AwardCoach of the Year
Darrell Royal – 1961, 1963
SN National Coach of the YearCoach of the Year
Darrell Royal – 1963, 1969
Paul "Bear" Bryant AwardCoach of the Year
Mack Brown – 2005
Bobby Dodd AwardCoach of the Year
Mack Brown – 2008
Broyles AwardBest Assistant Coach
Greg Davis – 2005
AFCA AwardAssistant Coach of the Year
Mac McWhorter – 2008
Defensive honors
Lombardi AwardBest Defensive Player
Kenneth Sims – 1981
Tony Degrate – 1984
Brian Orakpo – 2008
Nagurski TrophyTop Defensive Player
Derrick Johnson – 2004
Brian Orakpo – 2008
Outland TrophyTop Interior Lineman
Scott Appleton – 1963
Tommy Nobis – 1965
Brad Shearer – 1977
Dick Butkus AwardBest Linebacker
Derrick Johnson – 2004
Jack Lambert TrophyTop Linebacker
Derrick Johnson – 2004
Jim Thorpe AwardTop Defensive Back
Michael Huff – 2005
Aaron Ross – 2006
Ted Hendricks AwardTop Defensive End
Brian Orakpo – 2008
Jackson Jeffcoat – 2013
Ray Guy AwardTop Punter
Michael Dickson – 2017
Bill Willis TrophyTop Defensive Lineman
Brian Orakpo – 2008
UPI Lineman of the YearLineman of the Year
Scott Appleton – 1963
Kenneth Sims – 1981
Other honors
Draddy Trophy (Academic Heisman)Best On and Off Field Performance
Dallas Griffin – 2007
Sam Acho – 2010
Nils V. "Swede" Nelson AwardBest Sportsmanship
Pat Culpepper – 1962
Wuerffel TrophyAthletics, Academics, & Community Service
Sam Acho – 2010
Today's Top VIII AwardOutstanding Senior Student-Athletes
Kenneth Sims – 1982
Amos Alonzo Stagg AwardOutstanding Service for College Football
Dana X. Bible – 1954(Head Coach and Athletic Director)
Darrell Royal – 2010(Head Coach and Athletic Director)
Disney Spirit AwardCollege Football's Most Inspirational Figure
Nate Boyer – 2012
Conference awards
As of 2016, the Texas Longhorns have had 570 All-Conference Player selections since 1915, including 292 in the Southwest Conference and 278 in the Big 12 where Longhorn players have been named 78 times to the first team and 65 to the second team.
Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year
Ricky Williams, RB, 1997 & 1998
Major Applewhite, QB, 1999
Vince Young, QB, 2005
Colt McCoy, QB, 2009
Big 12 Offensive Freshman of the Year
Major Applewhite, QB, 1998
Roy Williams, WR, 2000
Cedric Benson, RB, 2001
Vince Young, QB, 2003
Jamaal Charles, RB, 2005
Colt McCoy, QB, 2006
Xavier Worthy, WR, 2021
Big 12 Offensive Lineman of the Year
Justin Blalock, 2006
Big 12 Defensive Lineman of the Year
Brian Orakpo, DL, 2008
Poona Ford, DL, 2017
Charles Omenihu, DL, 2018
Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year
Casey Hampton, DL, 2000
Derrick Johnson, LB, 2004
Aaron Ross, DB, 2006
Brian Orakpo, DL, 2008
Jackson Jeffcoat, DE, 2013
Malik Jefferson, LB, 2017
Big 12 Defensive Freshman of the Year
Cory Redding, DL, 1999
Derrick Johnson, LB, 2001
Rodrique Wright, DL, 2002
Brian Orakpo, DL, 2005
Quandre Diggs, DB, 2011
Malik Jefferson, LB, 2015
Caden Sterns, DB, 2018
Big 12 Special Teams Player of the Year
Michael Dickson, P, 2016 & 2017
Big 12 Coach of the Year
Mack Brown, 2005 & 2009
Longhorns in the NFL
351 Longhorns have been drafted into the NFL, including 44 in the 1st round., the Longhorns have 26 players active on NFL rosters.
Calvin Anderson, OT, Denver Broncos
Andrew Beck, TE/FB, Denver Broncos
Tarik Black, WR, New York Jets
Kris Boyd, CB, Minnesota Vikings
Sam Cosmi, OT, Washington Commanders
Michael Dickson, PT, Seattle Seahawks
Quandre Diggs, CB, Seattle Seahawks
Devin Duvernay, WR, Baltimore Ravens
Sam Ehlinger, QB, Indianapolis Colts
DeShon Elliott, FS, Detroit Lions
Poona Ford, DT, Seattle Seahawks
D'Onta Foreman, RB, Carolina Panthers
Marquise Goodwin, WR, Seattle Seahawks
Ta'Quon Graham, DT, Atlanta Falcons
Jordan Hicks, LB, Minnesota Vikings
Lil'Jordan Humphrey, WR, New England Patriots
Malik Jefferson, OLB, Dallas Cowboys
Collin Johnson, WR, New York Giants
Marcus Johnson, WR, New York Giants
Brandon Jones, FS, Miami Dolphins
P. J. Locke, SS, Denver Broncos
Colt McCoy, QB, Arizona Cardinals
Charles Omenihu, DE, San Francisco 49ers
Joseph Ossai, LB, Cincinnati Bengals
Adrian Phillips, S, New England Patriots
Hassan Ridgeway, DT, San Francisco 49ers
Malcolm Roach, DT, New Orleans Saints
Brenden Schooler, S, New England Patriots
Caden Sterns, S, Denver Broncos
Geoff Swaim, TE, Tennessee Titans
Josh Thompson, DB, Jacksonville Jaguars
Justin Tucker, K, Baltimore Ravens
Connor Williams, OG, Miami Dolphins
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Texas has had 21 players and three former coaches inducted into the Hall of Fame.
Uniforms
Colors
The 1893 team did not always wear orange. They also wore gold and white uniforms. In 1895, the Texas Athletic Association moved to orange and white colors. In 1897, the Association moved to orange and maroon to save cleaning costs. The Cactus Yearbook at the time listed the university colors as either gold or orange and white until the 1899 Cactus declared the university colors to be gold and maroon. Students at the university's medical branch in Galveston (UTMB) were in favor of royal blue. By 1899, a UT fan could have worn any of yellow, orange, white, red, maroon, or even blue.
The Board of Regents held an election in that year to decide the team colors. Students, faculty, staff and alumni were asked to vote. 1,111 votes were cast, with 562 in favor of orange and white. Orange and maroon received 310, royal blue 203, crimson 10, and royal blue and crimson 11. For the next 30 years, Longhorn teams wore bright orange on their uniforms, which faded to yellow by the end of the season. By the 1920s, other teams sometimes called the Longhorn squads "yellow bellies," a term that didn't sit well with the athletic department. In 1928, UT football coach Clyde Littlefield ordered uniforms in a darker shade of orange that wouldn't fade, which would later become known as "burnt orange" or "Texas orange." The dark-orange color was used until the dye became too expensive during the Great Depression, and the uniforms reverted to the bright orange for another two decades, until coach Darrell K Royal revived the burnt-orange color in the early 1960s.
For the 2009 Lone Star Showdown, the Longhorns wore a Nike Pro Combat uniform.
Helmets
From 1961 to 1962, the Longhorns' helmets featured the individual player's number on the side in burnt orange above the "Bevo" logo, which was also in burnt orange, with a large burnt-orange stripe down the middle of the helmet. The burnt-orange stripe was removed in 1963 and the helmet featured only the burnt-orange Bevo logo below the player's number, which was also in burnt orange. In 1967, the team abandoned the individual player's number above the logo, and moved the burnt-orange Bevo logo to the center of the helmet's side. With the exception of the 1969 season, this remained the team's helmet design until 1977.In 1969, the helmet design commemorated the 100th anniversary of the first college football game. The player's number was replaced by a large burnt-orange football above the Bevo logo. Inside the football was a white number "100" that indicated the anniversary year.
Traditions
The University of Texas is a tradition-rich school, and many of those traditions are associated with athletics events, especially football. Some Longhorn traditions include:
Bevo – the school mascot, a live Texas longhorn steer present for football games and other special events. It is a common misconception that the mascot's name came from Texas students altering a 13-0 branding a group of Aggies gave the steer. In actuality, Bevo received his name several months before the Aggies could vandalize the steer in a Texas alumni magazine. His name came from the slang term for a steer that is destined to become food, beeve, and in a common practice for the 00's and 10's, an "O" was added at the end, similar to Groucho or Harpo Marx.
Big Bertha – Claimed by the university to be the world's largest drum, however Purdue University makes a similar claim about their drum.
"The Eyes of Texas" – the school song, traditionally led by the Orange Jackets on the football field, sung to the tune of I've Been Working on the Railroad
Hook 'em Horns – the school hand signal, was introduced at a pep rally in 1955. Sports Illustrated featured the Hook 'em Horns symbol in front of a Texas pennant on the cover of their September 10, 1973 issue (pictured).
"Texas Fight" – the school fight song
Smokey the Cannon – fired in celebration on game day at the moment of kickoff and after Texas scores
The University of Texas Longhorn Band - nicknamed The Showband of the Southwest
The World's Largest Texas Flag is run on the field prior to home football games, bowl games, and other sporting events. It is also dropped from the President's Balcony during pep rallies. It is owned by the UT Alpha Rho chapter of Alpha Phi Omega.
Lighting the Tower (also known as the Main Building) in orange for various types of sporting victories. After National Championship victories, windows are lighted in the main building to display a large number "1".
Future non-conference opponents
Announced schedules as of February 13, 2020. This is subject to change based on Texas' future move to the SEC.
Notes and references
External links
American football teams established in 1893
1893 establishments in Texas |
6903030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic%20Bartolome | Vic Bartolome | Victor Hayden Bartolome (born September 29, 1948) is an American former professional basketball player. He played in college at the Oregon State University, and was drafted in the sixth round of the 1970 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. He played in 38 games for the Warriors through the 1971–72 season. He then played professional basketball in Livorno, Italy and on various teams in the Netherlands until retiring in 1979, after winning the Dutch national championship with Leiden.
References
External links
Database Basketball – Vic Bartolome stats
1948 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in the Netherlands
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from California
B.S. Leiden players
Centers (basketball)
Oregon State Beavers men's basketball players
San Francisco Warriors players
San Francisco Warriors draft picks
Sportspeople from Santa Barbara, California |
44497075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrage%3A%20The%20Five%20Reasons%20Why%20O.%20J.%20Simpson%20Got%20Away%20with%20Murder | Outrage: The Five Reasons Why O. J. Simpson Got Away with Murder | Outrage: The Five Reasons Why O. J. Simpson Got Away with Murder is a true crime book by Vincent Bugliosi published in 1996. Bugliosi sets forth five main reasons why the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office failed to successfully convict O. J. Simpson for the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman. Personally convinced of Simpson's guilt, Bugliosi blames his acquittal on the district attorney, the judge, and especially the prosecuting attorneys Marcia Clark and Christopher Darden.
Reviews
Upon its release, the book was subject to criticism from various critics. The Los Angeles Times notes that Bugliosi's tone is in line that of anger and astonishment, as he condemned the majority of the major players in the case. They employed the metaphor of a 'dagger' to emphasise his ruthless tone. Similarly, the San Francisco Chronicle praised the book for its observational and authoritative tone which followers of the case were longing for. The Globe and Mail described the book as "engagingly idiosyncratic, and occasionally self-serving and simplistic."
References
1996 non-fiction books
Books by Vincent Bugliosi
O. J. Simpson murder case
W. W. Norton & Company books |
17339066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergin%20Ataman | Ergin Ataman | Halil Ergin Ataman (born January 7, 1966) is a Turkish professional basketball coach. He is the current head coach of Anadolu Efes of the Turkish Basketball Super League and the EuroLeague. He also coaches the Turkey men's national basketball team.
During his playing career which began in 1982, he played at Eczacıbaşı and Yeşilyurt basketball teams.
Coaching career
Early years
Ataman began his managerial career in Eczacıbaşı Youth Team followed by a stint as the coach of Efes Pilsen Youth Team. Then, he coached the BSL teams Türk Telekom, Pınar Karşıyaka and Efes Pilsen respectively. He was the assistant coach of Turkish national team alongside Ercüment Sunter in EuroBasket 1997 in Spain. Turkey finished the tournament in the 8th place. He spent time at Stanford University in the United States as an observer during the 1998-99 season.
After his return to Europe, he coached Italian side Montepaschi Siena and won with the club the very last Saporta Cup in 2002. Subsequently, he joined Ülkerspor (now Fenerbahçe Ülker); however, he had to quit his job due to personal issues. He stated that his resignation was voluntary. Subsequent to his departure from Fenerbahçe he returned to Italy and signed for Climamio Bologna and coached there until his return to Turkey as the head coach of Beşiktaş during the 2007–08 season.
Beşiktaş Cola Turka
Ataman had a successful season with Beşiktaş which the team achieved EuroCup Quarter Finals held in Turin, Italy; after a stunning undefeated 10 in-a-row win performance in group B. This was the very first time that two Turkish teams played against each other. Beşiktaş lost against Galatasaray Cafe Crown and eliminated in quarters. In the league, team finalized the regular season on top place and been a part of Play-offs. After the elimination of Beşiktaş Cola Turka in the quarters, the declaration was released that Ergin Ataman no more coaching Beşiktaş Cola Turka.
Efes Pilsen
A week later, he signed a two-years contract with Efes Pilsen, where he had worked from 1999 to 2001. Ataman have reached the major achievements in 2008–09 season with winning Turkish League, Turkish Cup, and Turkish President's Cup championships. On June 4, 2010, he left the Efes Pilsen.
Return to Beşiktaş
He signed a two-years contract with Beşiktaş in the January 2011. In the 2010–11 season, he didn't win the cups with Beşiktaş. And next season, he won the Turkish Cup in February 2012. Subsequently, he won the EuroChallenge title against Elan Chalon in the final on April 29, 2012. And finally, he won the Turkish League championship victory against Anadolu Efes in the playoff finals on June 11, 2012.
Galatasaray Odeabank
He signed a multi-year contract with Galatasaray Odeabank on June 22, 2012. He won the Turkish League championship victory against Banvitspor in the playoff finals on June 15, 2013.
In the beginning of 2014–15 season, Galatasaray struggled financially and eventually in the results. Several players boycotted training and also some were injured, which led to frustration and conflicts in the team. On October 19, 2014, Ataman was involved in the incident with then-Galatasaray player Nolan Smith, who threw the towel while being subbed out from the game against Banvit. The player parted ways with the team the following week. On November 21, 2014, in the press-conference after the EuroLeague game against the Serbian team Crvena zvezda in Istanbul, Ataman got negative publicity in Serbia, for calling 300–400 Zvezda fans Delije the "terrorists". He also stated that they were "attacking our police and our fans with torches and stones" and that he was "worried as a citizen for his and others safety". All these comments came in line with the killing of Crvena zvezda fan by Galatasaray supporters in fan violence before the game. Even Serbian PM Aleksandar Vučić reacted to that comment, saying that "Ataman is no longer welcome in Serbia". Ataman later apologized for his comments, saying that "all the remarks [on Zvezda fans] were made before learning it [that this tragedy occurred before the game]".
On June 6, 2015, he signed a two-year extension with the club, reportedly worth half million euros per season.
On April 27, Ataman's team Galatasaray Odebank defeated Strasbourg in Abdi İpekçi Arena and won the EuroCup title. With this win he reached his 3rd European-wide championship as a head coach.
Anadolu Efes
In December 2017, Ataman signed a contract with Anadolu Efes.
In 2018–19 season, Ataman led Anadolu Efes to the 2019 EuroLeague Final Four, where they lost in the final game to the CSKA Moscow. On May 23, Ataman signed a two-year contract extension with the Anadolu Efes.
In 2020–21 season, Ataman won the EuroLeague title where they played with Barcelona in the final game. Ataman became the first Turkish coach who won the EuroLeague title. And next season, he won the Turkish Cup in February 2022.
He won the EuroLeague title for the second time in a row in the final match against Real Madrid in the 2021–22 season.
Coaching record
EuroLeague
|-
| align="left"|Montepaschi
| align="left"|2002–03
| 22 || 11 || 11 || || align="center"|Won in 3rd place game
|-
| align="left"|Ülker
| align="left"|2003–04
| 13 || 6 || 7 || || align="center"|Eliminated in Top 16 stage
|-
| align="left"|Ülker
| align="left"|2004–05
| 22 || 10 || 12 || || align="center"|Eliminated in quarterfinals
|-
| align="left"|Ülker
| align="left"|2005–06
| 19 || 6 || 13 || || align="center"|Eliminated in Top 16 stage
|-
| align="left"|Bologna
| align="left"|2006–07
| 14 || 5 || 9 || || align="center"|Eliminated in regular season
|-
| align="left"|Efes Pilsen
| align="left"|2008–09
| 10 || 4 || 6 || || align="center"|Eliminated in regular season
|-
| align="left"|Efes Pilsen
| align="left"|2009–10
| 16 || 6 || 10 || || align="center"|Eliminated in Top 16 stage
|-
| align="left"|Galatasaray
| align="left"|2013–14
| 27 || 13 || 14 || || align="center"|Eliminated in quarterfinals
|-
| align="left"|Galatasaray
| align="left"|2014–15
| 24 || 6 || 18 || || align="center"|Eliminated in Top 16 stage
|-
| align="left"|Galatasaray
| align="left"|2016–17
| 30 || 11 || 19 || || align="center"|Eliminated in regular season
|-
| align="left"|Anadolu Efes
| align="left"|2017–18
| 18 || 4 || 14 || || align="center"|Eliminated in regular season
|-
| align="left"|Anadolu Efes
| align="left"|2018–19
| 37 || 24 || 13 || || align="center"|Lost in the final game
|-
| align="left"|Anadolu Efes
| align="left"|2019–20
| 28 || 24 || 4 || || align="center"|EuroLeague cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
|-
|- ! style="background:#FDE910;"
| align="left"|Anadolu Efes
| align="left"|2020–21
| 41 || 27 || 14 || || align="center"|Won EuroLeague Championship
|-
|- ! style="background:#FDE910;"
| align="left"|Anadolu Efes
| align="left"|2021–22
| 34 || 21|| 13 || || align="center"|Won EuroLeague Championship
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan=2|Career||314||151||163||||
Domestic Leagues
|-
| align="left" |Anadolu Efes Pilsen
| align="left" |2017–18
|36||25||11||.6944 || align="center"| Lost 2018 Turkish League Semifinals
|-
| align="left" |Anadolu Efes Pilsen
| align="left" |2018–19
|40||34||6||.8500 || align="center"| Won 2019 Turkish League Finals
|-
| align="left" |Anadolu Efes Pilsen
| align="left" |2019–20
|23||21||2||.9737 || align="center"| League cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
|-
| align="left" |Anadolu Efes Pilsen
| align="left" |2020–21
|38||37||1||.9737 || align="center"| Won 2021 Turkish League Finals
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan=2|Career||137|||117|||20||.8540||
Achievements
Türk Telekom 1
Turkish President's Cup: (1997)
Montepaschi Siena 1
Saporta Cup: (2002)
EuroLeague Final Four: (2003)
Ülkerspor 4
Turkish Cup:(2004, 2005)
Turkish President's Cup: (2004, 2005)
Anadolu Efes 13
Korać Cup (1996) Assistant Coach
EuroLeague: (2021, 2022)
EuroLeague Final Four: (2000), (2019)
Turkish Super League: (2009, 2019, 2021)
Turkish President's Cup: (2000, 2009, 2018, 2019)
Turkish Cup: (2009, 2018, 2022)
Beşiktaş Milangaz 3
Turkish Cup: (2012)
EuroChallenge: (2012)
Turkish Super League: (2012)
Galatasaray Odeabank 2
Turkish Super League: (2013)
EuroCup: (2016)
Personal life
Ataman studied at Italian High School in Istanbul. Then he was accepted by İstanbul University, where he studied at Business Administration Department. He is married to Berna Ataman and has a son named Sarp.
See also
List of EuroLeague-winning head coaches
References
External links
Ergin Ataman at euroleague.net
1966 births
Living people
Anadolu Efes S.K. coaches
Basketbol Süper Ligi head coaches
Beşiktaş basketball coaches
EuroLeague-winning coaches
Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna coaches
Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball) coaches
Istanbul University alumni
Liceo Italiano alumni
Mens Sana Basket coaches
Basketball players from Istanbul
Turkish basketball coaches
Turkish men's basketball players
Türk Telekom basketball coaches
Turkey men's national basketball team coaches
Ülkerspor basketball coaches |
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