id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
17339237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Dam | Old Dam | Old Dam is a hamlet in Derbyshire, England. It is located south-west of Castleton on the edge of the village of Peak Forest.
Hamlets in Derbyshire
High Peak, Derbyshire
Towns and villages of the Peak District |
17339243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Cays | Princess Cays | Princess Cays is a tourist resort at the southern end of the island of Eleuthera, Bahamas. It is owned by Carnival Corporation, which owns Princess Cruises, among others. Carnival Corporation also owns nearby Half Moon Cay. Contrary to the implication of its name, it is located on Eleuthera, rather than on separate islands.
Late January 28, 2019, a fire ignited at a generator, causing damage to the resort.
Geography
Princess Cays is located approximately 50 miles (80 km) from Nassau, Bahamas.
Visitors can go swimming, kayaking, banana boating, paddle boating, skiing, snorkeling, parasailing, sailboating, or waverunning. There are also volleyball and basketball courts. Cabanas are available for daily rental. English is spoken and US currency is used.
Climate
The island has a tropical climate, with little seasonal variation. Average daily high temperatures in winter are about , while daily highs in summer are in the . The dry season is in winter, while summer is often the wet season with daily thunderstorms.
References
Resorts in the Bahamas
Princess Cruises |
23578667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroleague%202009%E2%80%9310%20Regular%20Season%20Group%20D | Euroleague 2009–10 Regular Season Group D | Standings and Results for Group D of the Regular Season phase of the 2009–10 Euroleague basketball tournament.
Standings
Fixtures/Results
All times given below are in Central European Time.
Unless otherwise indicated, all attendance totals are from the corresponding match report posted on the official Euroleague site and included with each game summary.
Game 1
Game 2
Game 3
Game 4
Game 5
Game 6
Game 7
Game 8
Game 9
Game 10
External links
Standings
Group D |
6903225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishops%20Lydeard%20railway%20station | Bishops Lydeard railway station | Bishops Lydeard railway station is a heritage railway station in the village of Bishops Lydeard, Somerset, England. It is the southern terminus for regular trains on the West Somerset Railway.
History
B&ER/GWR
The station was first opened on 31 March 1862 when the West Somerset Railway was opened from Norton Junction to , operated by the Bristol and Exeter Railway (B&ER). On opening the station had just one platform on the line's west side, with goods facilities consisting of a siding to a goods shed on the west, and a passing loop plus two sidings on the northeast was served by a passing loop and two sidings. There was also a house for the station master.
The B&ER became part of the Great Western Railway in 1876, but the West Somerset Railway remained an independent company until 1922 when the Great Western absorbed it.
The second eastern platform was not added until 1906, together with a connecting foot bridge. The standard-pattern GWR medium-scale signal box was also added at the end of the platform, operated via a 25 lever stud-locking frame. On 10 June 1936 the line was doubled from here to Norton Fitzwarren, resulting in the signal box being upgraded to a 32 lever frame.
British Railways
Nationalisation in 1948 saw it become a part of the Western Region of British Railways. On 1 March 1970 the signal box was closed and its frame removed, and the track from Norton Fitzwarren through Bishop’s Lydeard and as far as Williton was operated as a single track. The station was closed by BR, along with the entire line, on 4 January 1971.
West Somerset Railway
After the entire line and its trackbed were bought by Somerset County Council, the West Somerset Railway agreed to lease the line as a heritage railway, with the later possibility of operating timetabled service trains into via operating company, the WSR plc. Track remains to Norton Fitzwarren, controlled through a single token and colour light signals, to allow special trains and occasional goods trains to operate through from Network Rail to the WSR.
The WSR revived the line from its western end, starting at Minehead and operating to , before extending operations through to Bishops Lyeard on 9 June 1979. Initially the section west of Williton was operated as one-train-only, before the WSR began operating Bishops Lydeard as a terminus. After the society secured a new 33 lever frame in 1981, following extensive fund-raising, the station's loop was extended to its current length of , to allow for dual-platform arrival/departures. HM Railway Inspectorate approved the new plans in 1997, and the full system including control of the Norton Fitzwarren section came into use from August 1998.
Description
Today the station has two operational platforms. It is the headquarters of the West Somerset Railway Association which provides volunteer support for the railway and the Associations's Quantock Belle dining car train is based here.
The original south western No.1 platform, was extended yet further towards Taunton by the WSR to allow for dual-platform departure. The old goods shed has been restored and is used as a visitor centre and museum; its artefacts includes a GWR sleeping car, and the Taunton Model Railway Club’s model railway layout. The original station offices with modern toilets are now used by the West Somerset Railway Association.
The northern 1906-built platform, No.2, is today the stations main operating platform. Accessed via a carpark to its rear, it contains the ticket office, toilets and a shop, and the now enclosed signal box, with a similar platform extension towards Taunton. This extension provided for the inclusion of the Taunton-facing platform No.3 but this is only operated as a siding as it has no direct connection to the running lines. It is normally used to house the "Quantock Belle" dining cars.
The northern locomotive stabling yard is also based here (northeast of No.2, not accessible to the public), which is where visiting locomotives arriving by road are unloaded onto the WSR.
Services
Trains run between and at weekends and on some other days from March to October, daily during the late spring and summer, and on certain days during the winter. During special events a shuttle service runs between Bishops Lydeard and and from time to time special trains also run through onto Network Rail's tracks at .
In 2019, the WSR entered into a partnership with the modern Great Western Railway (GWR) to operate services to Bishops Lydeard on occasional summer Saturdays from beginning on 27 July 2019 which ended on October 5th 2019. In May 2022 it was announced that the "Reconnecting Bishops Lydeard to Taunton Working Group" has been established to explore the possibility of reconnecting on the West Somerset Railway to for the purpose of reinstating scheduled trains.
Access
For those outside the area, Bishops Lydeard is the WSR main access point:
Train: the nearest national rail station is , served by Great Western Railway and CrossCountry trains.
Bus: Service from Taunton serves Bishops Lydeard station directly.
Car: Sign posted from junctions 25 or 26 of the M5 motorway, the station is located just off the A358 road on the opposite side to the village. There is a large free car park adjacent to station platform 2.
References
External links
Bishops Lydeard Station on West Somerset Railway official website
West Somerset Railway
Heritage railway stations in Somerset
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1862
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1971
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1979
Former Great Western Railway stations
Museums in Somerset
Railway museums in England
1862 establishments in England |
6903233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildred%20Wiley | Mildred Wiley | Mildred Olive Wiley (December 3, 1901 – February 7, 2000) was an American high jumper who won a bronze medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
After marriage she changed her last name to Dee and gave birth to five children. One of them, Bob Dee, was a prominent professional footballer at the Boston Patriots in the 1960s.
References
1901 births
2000 deaths
People from Taunton, Massachusetts
American female high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women |
23578684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castello%20di%20Milazzo | Castello di Milazzo | The Castello di Milazzo () is a castle and citadel in Milazzo, Sicily. It is located on the summit of a hill overlooking the town, on a site first fortified in the Neolithic era. The Greeks modified it into an acropolis, and it was later enlarged into a castrum by the Romans and Byzantines. The Normans built a castle, which was further modified and enlarged during the Medieval and Early Modern periods. It is now in good condition, and open to the public.
The castle was built as a result of the strategic importance of the Milazzo peninsula, which commands the Gulf of Patti, the body of water that separates Sicily from the Aeolian Islands. It also commands one of Sicily's most important natural harbours.
History
Antiquity
The first fortifications on the site of the Castello di Milazzo were built in around 4000 BC, during the Neolithic. The Greeks built an acropolis in the 8th or 7th centuries BC, and the Romans and Byzantines modified the site into a castrum.
Ancient coins, including those of the Mamertines, have been found recently inside the castle's perimeter.
Norman and Swabian rule
the castle was built by the Normans and later enlarged by the Swabians. The castle was extensively modified during the reign of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.
In 1295, the Sicilian Parliament met here.
Aragonese and Spanish rule
Between 1496 and 1508, the Aragonese built walls with six semi-circular bastions, encircling the original medieval castle. They were designed by the architect Baldiri Meteli.
Between 1525 and 1540, the Spanish built bastioned fortifications around the Aragonese walls and the settlement which surrounded it, expanding the castle into a citadel. The new fortifications were designed by the military engineers Pietro Antonio Tomasello and Antonio Ferramolino. In 1577 by Tibúrcio Spannocchi and in 1585 there was a reconstruction by Camillo Camilliani and after by Pietro Novelli. Some outworks were added in the 17th century. Several civil buildings began to be built within the walls of the castle, including the old cathedral and various palaces.
18th to 20th centuries
The castle was in Habsburg hands in the first half of the 18th century, before being taken over by the Bourbons. The latter retained the castle until they lost Milazzo to Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860. The castle was subsequently converted into a prison in 1880, and underwent a number of alterations. The prison closed in 1959 and the castle remained abandoned for a couple of decades.
Recent history
After many years of neglect and deterioration, the castle was restored between 1991 and 2002, and again between 2008 and 2010. Today, it is in good condition and is open to the public.
Layout
Although it is commonly called a castle, the Castello di Milazzo is more precisely a fortified town or citadel, since it housed several public and private edifices, such as a cathedral and a Benedictine convent. The citadel is located on top of a hill, which gradually slopes towards the town and its harbour. The south-eastern side of the castle consists of several defensive walls, while its north-western side is protected by a natural cliff-face.
The keep of the castle is the Torre Saracena (Saracen Tower), which is also the oldest part of the fortification. It was built either by Normans, but like the rest of the castle, it was modified over the years until the 16th century. The keep is surrounded by walls with protruding square-shaped towers, which were built by the Swabians. These are in turn surrounded by the Aragonese Wall (), which contains semi-circular bastions.
The Aragonese Wall is surrounded by the 16th century Spanish Wall (), which contains the following bastions:
Bastione di Santa Maria – a semi-circular bastion at the southern end of the castle, containing the main entrance. It was named after a church dedicated to St. Mary which was partially demolished to make way for the bastion.
Bastione delle Isole – an arrow-shaped bastion at the eastern end of the castle. It was designed by Antonio Ferramolino, and contains a number of countermines.
The walls are protected by ravelins and other outworks which were built in the 17th century.
A gallery with a barrel vault then leads to an internal courtyard, after which is the Old Duomo (cathedral), built from 1607. The Benedictine convent was built during the same period. The ruins of the Palazzo dei Giurati (Jurors' Palace) and of the older church of Santa Maria are also present.
References
Bibliography
Milazzo
Milazzo
Museums in Sicily
Historic house museums in Italy
Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan City of Messina
Defunct prisons in Italy |
6903234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariya%20Pisareva | Mariya Pisareva | Mariya Pisareva (; born 9 April 1934) is a retired Soviet Union athlete who competed mainly in the High Jump. She trained at Zenit in Moscow
She competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia in the High Jump where she won the silver medal jointly with Thelma Hopkins.
After her athletic career she married discus thrower Oto Grigalka.
External links
Profile at Sports-Reference.com
References
1934 births
Living people
Soviet female high jumpers
Russian female high jumpers
Olympic athletes of the Soviet Union
Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field) |
23578691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulam%20Rivulet | Tabulam Rivulet | Tabulam Rivulet is a river of the state of New South Wales in Australia.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales |
23578695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarcutta%20Creek | Tarcutta Creek | The Tarcutta Creek, part of the Murray Darling basin, is mostly a perennial stream located in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The stream rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range and Australian Alps, approximately southwest of Batlow. The stream flows generally north by west towards the town of where the creek is crossed by the Hume Motorway. From this point the river continues generally north by west towards the city of Wagga Wagga and reaches its confluence with the Murrumbidgee River, approximately southeast of . The creek descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers in the Riverina
Hume Highway |
6903244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanderlust%20%28disambiguation%29 | Wanderlust (disambiguation) | Wanderlust is a strong desire for or impulse to wander or travel and explore the world.
Wanderlust may also refer to:
Film and television
Wanderlust (2006 film), a documentary
Wanderlust (2012 film), an American comedy starring Jennifer Aniston and Paul Rudd
Wanderlust (Irish TV series), an Irish television show hosted by Brendan Courtney
Wanderlust (UK TV series), a BBC One/Netflix TV series starring Toni Collette
Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust, a television show
Music
Wanderlust (band), an American power pop band in the mid-1990s
Wanderlust (jazz band), an Australian contemporary jazz band
Songs
"Wanderlust", by Johnny Hodges and Duke Ellington from the 1963 album Duke Ellington Meets Coleman Hawkins
"Wanderlust", by Paul McCartney from the 1982 album Tug of War
"Wanderlust", by Claire Voyant from the 1995 album Claire Voyant
"Wanderlust", by David Sylvian from the 1999 album Dead Bees on a Cake
"Wanderlust", by Megadeth from the 1999 album Risk
"Wanderlust", by Nightwish from the 2000 album Wishmaster
"Wanderlust", by Mark Knopfler from the 2000 album Sailing to Philadelphia
"Wanderlust", by Delays from the 2004 album Faded Seaside Glamour
"Wanderlust", by Flogging Molly from the 2004 album Within a Mile of Home
"Wanderlust" (R.E.M. song), by R.E.M. from the 2004 album Around the Sun
"Wanderlust", by Fozzy from the 2005 album All That Remains
"Wanderlust", by Frank Black from the 2006 album Fast Man Raider Man
"Wanderlust", by Baroness from the 2007 album Red Album
"Wanderlust" (Björk song), by Björk from the 2007 album Volta
"Wanderlust", by Every Time I Die from the 2009 album New Junk Aesthetic
"Wanderlust", by The Upwelling from the 2009 album An American Stranger
"Wanderlust", by Frank Turner, a bonus track from the 2011 album England Keep My Bones
"The Wanderlust", by Metric from the 2012 album Synthetica, featuring Lou Reed
"Wanderlust" (The Weeknd song), by The Weeknd from the 2013 album Kiss Land
"Wanderlust II", by the Scottish band Love and Money
"Wanderlust", by Polly Scattergood released both as a single and on the 2013 album Arrows
"Wanderlust" by Wild Beasts from the 2014 album Present Tense
"Wanderlust" by James Bay from the 2018 album Electric Light
Albums
Wanderlust (Frankie Laine album), a 1963 album by Frankie Laine
Wanderlust (Bill Leverty album), a 2004 album by FireHouse guitarist Bill Leverty
WANDERlust (Gavin Rossdale album), a 2008 album by Gavin Rossdale
Wanderlust (Finnr's Cane album), a 2010 album by Finnr's Cane
Wanderlust (Mike Bukovsky album), a 1993 album by Miroslav Bukovsky
Wanderlust (Sophie Ellis-Bextor album), a 2014 album by Sophie Ellis-Bextor
Wanderlust (Little Big Town album), a 2016 album by Little Big Town
Wanderlust (Blancmange album), a 2018 album by Blancmange
Literature
Wanderlust (Steel novel), a 1986 romantic novel by Danielle Steel
Wanderlust (Dragonlance novel), a fantasy novel set in the Dragonlance universe
Wanderlust: A History of Walking, a 2002 book by Rebecca Solnit
Video games
Wanderlust Interactive, a video game developer and publisher that made The Pink Panther: Passport to Peril
Wanderlust: Rebirth, a video game published by Chucklefish
Wanderlust Adventures, a sequel to Wanderlust: Rebirth, also published by Chucklefish
Wanderlust Travel Stories, a 2019 adventure game
Other
Wanderlust (magazine), a UK-based travel magazine and website offering travel advice and inspiration
USS Wanderlust (SP-923), a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919
Wanderlust, a cream ale made by Pete's Brewing Company
Wanderlust Festival, a summer festival featuring yoga and leading rock musicians
Wanderlust, a mail client for Emacs
See also
Wonderlust, a 2000 album by Heather Nova |
23578696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlo%20River | Tarlo River | The Tarlo River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Tablelands and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Tarlo River rises within the Great Dividing Range, near the locality of Middle Arm east of Crookwell, and flows generally south southeast, north, and then east, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Wollondilly River near Mount Penong, east of Taralga. The river descends over its course and it flows through the Tarlo River National Park.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Southern Highlands (New South Wales)
Upper Lachlan Shire
Wollondilly Shire |
17339253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manggarai%20people | Manggarai people | The Manggarai are an ethnic group found in western Flores in the East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. Manggarai people are spread across three regencies in the province, namely the West Manggarai Regency, Manggarai Regency and East Manggarai Regency.
Etymology
The Manggarai people sometimes refer to themselves as Ata Manggarai, which means "people of Manggarai".
Settlements
Manggarai people are one of the aboriginal peoples of the island of Flores. Manggarai settlements cover over 6,700 square kilometers, almost a third of Flores, in the western part of the island.
History
According to historical records, they have been occupied alternately by other tribes such as the Bima people from the island of Sumbawa and the Makassar people from Sulawesi island, Indonesia. As of the late 20th century, there are about 500,000 Manggarai people.
Early state formations of the Manggarai in the 17th century had their first king of Minangkabau descent from the Sultanate of Gowa, Makassar; which led to the spread of Islam on the island of Flores most likely through trading sea-route. In 1727, the Manggarai region was given to the Bima Sultanate as a dowry when a Makassarese princes was married into the Bima royalty. In 1929, the Western part of Flores was separated from the Bima Sultanate. Then, followed by the invasion of the Dutch colonialists in the 20th century and the subsequent Christianization of Manggarai.
Language
The language spoken throughout the region is called Tombo Manggarai, a language with around 43 sub-dialects divided into 5 dialect groups which is very distinct from the languages of ethnic groups to the east and from Indonesian. The 5 dialect groups are Western Manggarai, Central West Manggarai, Central Manggarai, East Manggarai and Far East Manggarai. The latter, separated from other dialects by the Rembong language, is distributed in the north-central part of the island of Flores. It is spoken by about 300,000 people. There are also native speakers of the Rongga language (there are about 5,000 of them) living in three settlements in the southern part of the East Manggarai Regency. This language is not singled out even by most of Manggarai people themselves, because it is considered as part of the Manggarai language.
Culture
Religion
More than 90% of the Manggarai people are Catholics; the eastern Manggarai in the region of Borong are Catholics. Some living in the west profess Sunnism (their number is approximately 33,898 people). and the population of the central part of the island adheres to traditional beliefs. Traditional beliefs of settlements in the central part of the island include the cult of the supreme creator god, Mori Karaeng, a form of ancestral worship. Massive celebrations are held by the priest to sacrifice buffalos (), which are accompanied by ritual dances and battles between the two parties of men in military garb.
Rituals
The Manggarai people are known to have series of ritual as a thanksgiving for the life that has been given to them to live in a certain time period. Among others are:-
Penti Manggarai, a ceremony of harvest thanksgiving celebration.
Barong Lodok, a ritual that invites the guardian spirit to the center of Lingko (middle farm).
Barong Wae, a ritual to invite ancestral spirits to be a watcher over springs.
Barong Compang, a ceremony of summoning a village guardian spirit at night.
Wisi Loce, this ceremony is conducted so that all spirits who are invited are able to wait a moment before the climax of the Penti ceremony.
Libur Kilo, a ceremony of thanksgiving for the welfare of each family in their homes.
Traditional clothing
Initially, the traditional clothing consist of two pieces of fabric, reinforced in front and behind with a cord at the waist and hips. Modern clothing are of the same type as mainstream Indonesian.
Fighting arts
Manggarai people also have a traditional folk sport and war dance called , a form of whip fighting where fighting and parrying each other using a whip and a shield is usually performed by two young men in a large field. performance usually begins with dance performances, before the warriors display their abilities to hit and parry in the competition. The dance is commonly referred to as Tandak Manggarai, a dance performed on stage to predict the outcome of the competition.
Society and lifestyle
The early state formations of the Manggarai are subdivided into 39 chiefdoms, called , which in turn split into smaller administrative units that are known as and ( corresponds to the traditional rural community). At the head of the is controlled by one of the localized patriarchate clan (), that ascended from the first settlers. Family relationships are based on the patrilineal line. The Manggarai people recognizes several types of marriages such as matrilateral cross-cousin marriage, Levirate marriage, Sororate marriage, a marriage between the offspring of two sisters that marries the sons of two brothers, and so on. Most monogamous family are formed by Christians, and small groups among Muslims and adherents of traditional beliefs allows Polygyny. The Manggarai people to this day are divided into three social groups namely, aristocrats (), community members () and descendants of slaves.
The traditional settlement has a circular layout, and the modern () is an ordinary one. In the center of the settlement is a round public space on which is a large tree; usually of the Ficus genus and megalithic structures are found. In the past, a settlement could consist of one large house, which could hold up to 200 people. In modern settlements, usually has from 5 to 20 homes of round or oval shape on stilts, with a high (about 9 meters) conical roof descending to the ground.
In Manggarai settlements, free spaces are paved with huge stones. In the city of Ende, the dead are buried in round holes, which are closed by stones placed on the grave.
Politics
Their political system is clan-based, led by a chief clan called Todo. This people practices patrilineal descent system, and historically they live in villages of which consists at least two clans.
Livelihood
Distribution of handicrafts are such as carving, metalworking and weaving. They also engage in manual tropical farming (they switched from slash-and-burn system to Crop rotation system to grow Upland rice, legumes, vegetables, tobacco, coffee and corn). Animal husbandry is widespread (buffaloes are bred for socially significant animal ceremonies, horses are kept as packs transportation, pigs and chickens). Manggarai people do not hunt nor do they fish.
Dietary
The main food is corn porridge with vegetables and pork (which are only consumed by non-Muslim Manggarai people), as well as palm wine (). Rice is served on the table only as a festive meal.
See also
Mbehel, a West Mangarrai mountain tribe
Rangko tribe from Sulawesi island
References
Further reading
External links
Joshua Project — Manggarai Ethnic People in all countries
Manggarai Map — Satellite Images of Manggarai
Ethnic groups in Indonesia |
23578701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylors%20Arm%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Taylors Arm (New South Wales) | Taylors Arm is a perennial river of the Nambucca River catchment, located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Taylors Arm rises within New England National Park on the eastern slopes of Killiekrankie Mountain, below the Dorrigo Plateau that is part of the Great Dividing Range. The river flows generally southeast and then east northeast, joined by two minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Nambucca River northwest of Macksville. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
Taylors Arm
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid North Coast
Nambucca Shire |
6903250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin%20Ramyun | Shin Ramyun | Shin Ramyun is a brand of instant noodle (including cup ramyeon) that has been produced by the South Korean food company Nongshim since 1 October 1986. It is now exported to over 100 countries, and is the best-selling instant noodle brand in South Korea.
Shin Ramyun, well known for its spicy flavor, is produced in at least four varieties: the original Shin Ramyun and Shin Ramyun Black, which was introduced in 2011 as well as Super Spicy, which was released in 2019, and, finally, a shrimp flavor that is only available in China. A standard package of Shin Ramyun consists of noodles, a packet of flavoring powder (soup base), and a packet of vegetable flakes. Shin Ramyun Black contains an extra packet of beef stock soup, which gives the soup a more intensely savory flavor.
History
Shin Ramyun was introduced in October 1986 by Nongshim. The Nongshim R&D team came up with the idea of Sogogijanguk, a cabbage and beef stew, which is one of the most popular traditional South Korean dishes.
After Shin Ramyun was introduced, Nongshim's market share hit 46.3% in 1987, and exceeded 50% for the first time in 1988 (53.8%). With the market share of over 20% just by itself, Shin Ramyun is a leading brand of the instant noodles in Korea.
In August 2014, Nongshim revised its recipe for noodle blocks across its line for a chewier consistency, along with a revamped external packaging.
In 2007 Nongshim launched a Kimchi Flavour version of Shin Ramyun.
In 2019 Nongshim launched a non-fried version of its packet noodle which has almost half a reduction on calories.
In 2015, Shin Ramyun achieved 28 billion units sold since it was first introduced. Shin Ramyun is listed on the National Brand Consumption Index (NBCI) as the number 1 brand in South Korea (2012–2016) for its brand awareness and brand power.
Name and package
"Shin Ramyun" is the English transliteration of the Korean words for "spicy instant noodles". Shin Ramyun uses red and black packaging with the emphasized calligraphic form of the Hanja character "辛", which means "spicy". Additionally, the character is the surname of both the founder of Nongshim, Shin Choon-ho, and his elder brother, Shin Kyuk-ho, who started Lotte.
Products
Shin Ramyun was first introduced in 1986. There are two types of Shin Ramyun in the U.S., one is packaged and the other cup noodle. A package of Shin Ramyun is 120g, and there are 4 sizes of Shin Ramyun cup/bowls: Shin Cup Noodle Soup (68g), Shin Bowl Noodle Soup (86g), Shin Ramyun M-Cup (75g) and Shin Big Bowl Noodle Soup (114g). In Japan, there is the Shin Ramyun mini cup.
Shin Ramyun Black was introduced in April 2011, which was 25 years after Shin Ramyun was first introduced to the market. Shin Ramyun Black is a slightly different version of Shin Ramyun with an additional seolleongtang powder on top of its flavor. Other ingredients include boiled beef slices, garlic and shiitake mushrooms. In the U.S. there are two types of Shin Ramyun Black: a Package type (130g) and a cup/bowl type (Shin Black Cup Noodle, 101g). There is also a Shin Black M-Cup (75g).
Shin Ramyun Red "Super Spicy" was launched in late 2019, in both standard packet form and the smaller instant cup size, using the same noodle blocks and vegetable packet but a much spicier soup base.
A shrimp flavor is also available in China.
International distribution
Shin Ramyun is the most popular instant noodle brand to date in South Korea. It is now accounting for one quarter of the Korean instant noodle market. Shin Ramyun is now exported to over 100 countries around the world, and is produced in three countries: the United States, China and South Korea. As of 2015, accumulated sold units of Shin Ramyun in the world reached 28 billion units.
Marketing and advertising
Marketing in South Korea
As part of the marketing strategies, Nongshim uses "사나이 울리는 신라면" (romanization: Sanai Ullineun Shin Ramyun; translation: "Shin Ramyun can make a man cry"). The word sanai (Hangul: 사나이) is used to describe the man while emphasizing the masculinity.
Most of its commercials include a famous male celebrity, frequently with his family, who is eating Shin Ramyun at home. These commercials emphasize being family friendly, being Korean, and folksiness. Psy, a South Korean singer who is well known for his song "Gangnam Style," and Park Ji-Sung, a South Korean footballer, also filmed Shin Ramyun commercials.
Nongshim has many jingles for their products. Adding a simple yet catchy jingle at the end of their commercials is one of Nongshim’s important marketing strategies. They are easy to remember, and most people in South Korea are aware of them.
Marketing in China
In China, Nongshim uses a slogan: 사나이라면 매운맛을 먹을 줄 알아야지 (Traditional Chinese: 吃不了辣味非好漢; Translation: (He who cannot handle spice is not a true man). This slogan is from a famous phrase in China “不到長城非好漢 (He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man)” by Mao Zedong.
Being aware of the historical importance of Baduk, or "Go", (Traditional Chinese: 圍棋; Japanese: 囲碁) in China, Nongshim has been sponsoring an annual Baduk Championship, the Nongshim Cup, as part of their marketing strategies since 1999.
Marketing in Japan
In Japan, Nongshim has set 10 April as a Shin Ramyun day since 2010. The date was chosen for its similarity in pronunciation with “Hot (Japanese: ホット)” when a Japanese pronounces 4 and 10 in English.
A Japanese word “うまからっ” (Romanization: umakara'; Translation: Spicy yet tasty; Etymology: Portmanteau of two Japanese words “うまい (Romanization: umai; Translation: Tasty)" and “からい (Romanization: karai; Translation: Spicy)”) is used to describe the flavor of Shin Ramyun.
As part of the main marketing projects, Nongshim offers “Shin Ramyun Kitchen Car,” a food truck that offers consumers a chance to taste Shin Ramyun, since 2013. Every year, the truck travels across Japan for seven months, promoting Shin Ramyun to Japanese consumers. As of April 2016, the truck has hosted a total of 150 tasting sessions, and travelled more than 100,000 kilometers.
See also
List of instant noodle brands
Noodle soup
References
External links
The official website of Nongshim
Shin Ramyun, Ramen of Choice in North Korea
South Korean brands
Instant noodle brands
Korean noodles |
17339278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel%20Aalbers | Karel Aalbers | Karel Aalbers (born June 28, 1949, Velp) is a Dutch businessman, who was the President of the football club Vitesse Arnhem from 1984 until February 2000.
Career
Aalbers' goal was to bring Vitesse from the bottom of the second tier, where the club was when he
started, to the top 40 soccer clubs of Europe.
Aalbers developed the basic idea for the 'Gelredome', a stadium with a sliding pitch that can be moved out of the building. Later, the same system was applied in Gelsenkirchen (Schalke 04) and in Japan. Events such as pop concerts can be held without damaging the grass. Gelredome opened in 1998. It has a roof that can be opened and closed and is fully climate controlled. In the first season after the opening, Vitesse's attendance rose to 20,000, from less than 8,000 in the old stadium.
Aalbers financed the ambitions by making solid profits on the transfer market. Players such as Roy Makaay, Sander Westerveld, Nikos Machlas, Glenn Helder and Philip Cocu were sold for large sums of money. Others came to occupy empty player positions, such as Mahamadou Diarra and Pierre van Hooijdonk.
Vitesse ranked in the top 4 positions, made a profit and showed a solid balance sheet in the final years of his presidency.
Aalbers resigned on 15 February 2000, after the main sponsor, Nuon, threatened to pull the plug if he did not. Nuon, a public utility company owned by local authorities, had trouble explaining why it invested heavily in Aalbers' ambitious plans.
The successor was Jan Koning, the former chief of Sara Lee's Douwe Egberts. In a short period of time, Vitesse began to show negative financial results, due to poor deals on the transfer market. The club survived numerous financial crises, such as the last one in 2008, when debts were bought of, under the threat of bankruptcy.
Aalbers is currently a marketing expert and consultant in city and stadium development. He acts as a matchmaker in international projects. Aalbers and his wife live in Eerbeek.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Rheden
Dutch football chairmen and investors
Dutch businesspeople |
6903279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrence%20Rafferty | Terrence Rafferty | Terrence Rafferty is a film critic who wrote regularly for The New Yorker during the 1990s. His writing has also appeared in Slate, The Atlantic Monthly, The Village Voice, The Nation, and The New York Times. For a number of years he served as critic at large for GQ. He has a particular penchant for horror fiction and has reviewed collections by Richard Matheson, Joe Hill, and the Spanish author Cristina Fernández Cubas.
Bibliography
The Thing Happens: Ten Years of Writing About the Movies (1993)
Unnatural Acts (1992)
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American film critics
The New Yorker critics
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American male writers |
44497180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBVA%20Foundation%20Frontiers%20of%20Knowledge%20Award | BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award | The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards, Premios Fundación BBVA Fronteras del Conocimiento, in Spanish, are an international award programme recognizing significant contributions in the areas of scientific research and cultural creation. The categories that make up the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards respond to the knowledge map of the present age. As well as the fundamental knowledge that is at their core, they address developments in information and communication technologies, and interactions between biology and medicine, ecology and conservation biology, climate change, economics, humanities and social sciences, and, finally, contemporary musical creation and performance. Specific categories are reserved for developing knowledge fields of critical relevance to confront central challenges of the 21st century, as in the case of the two environmental awards.
The awards were established in 2008, with the first set of winners receiving their prizes in 2009. The BBVA Foundation – belonging to financial group BBVA – is partnered in the scheme by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the country’s premier public research organization.
Categories
There are eight award categories: basic science, biology and biomedicine, climate change, ecology and conservation biology, information and communications technologies, economics, finance and management, music and opera, humanities and social sciences (a new category in the 11th edition). Previously, in the first 10 editions, there was a category in development cooperation.
Juries
Eight juries, one for each category, analyze the nominations put forward by international academic and research institutions.
To reach their decision, the juries meet during January and February in the Marqués de Salamanca Palace, Madrid headquarters of the BBVA Foundation.
The day after the jury’s decision, the name of the winners(s) and the achievements that earned them the award are revealed at an announcement event in the same location.
Ceremony
The awards are presented in June each year at a ceremony held, from the 11th edition, in the Euskalduna Palace at Bilbao, in the Basque Country.
BBVA Foundation
The BBVA Foundation engages in the promotion of research, advanced training and the transmission of knowledge to society, focusing on the emerging issues of the 21st century in five areas: Environment, Biomedicine and Health, Economy and Society, Basic Sciences and Technology, and Arts and Humanities. The BBVA Foundation designs, develops and finances research projects in these areas; facilitates advanced specialist training through grants, courses, seminars and workshops; organizes award schemes for researchers and professionals whose work has contributed significantly to the advancement of knowledge; and communicates and disseminates such new knowledge through publications, databases, lecture series, debates, exhibitions and audiovisual and electronic media.
Prizes
Each BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge laureate receives a commemorative artwork, a diploma and a cash prize of 400,000 euros per category. Awards may not be granted posthumously, and when an award is shared, its monetary amount is divided equally among the recipients.
The commemorative artwork is created by Madrid sculptor Blanca Muñoz, B.A. in Fine Arts from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Holder of scholarships at Calcografia Nazionale (1989), awarded by the Italian Government, at the Spanish Royal Academy in Rome (1990), and in Mexico City (1992), awarded by the Mexican Department of Foreign Affairs, her numerous distinctions include the 1999 National Print Prize.
Laureates
References
External links
BBVA Foundation
Science and technology awards
Awards established in 2008 |
23578703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegherry%20River | Telegherry River | Telegherry River, a perennial river of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast and Upper Hunter regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Telegherry River rises on the southeastern slopes of the Williams Range within the Great Dividing Range, below The Mountaineer, southwest of Gloucester, and flows generally south southeast and east, before reaching its confluence with the Karuah River north of Dungog. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid-Coast Council
Rivers of the Hunter Region |
44497191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevitt | Trevitt | Trevitt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gavin Trevitt
Simon Trevitt (born 1967), English footballer
William Trevitt (1809–1881), American doctor, politician, diplomat, and newspaper publisher
William Trevitt (dancer), British dancer and choreographer
Harry Smith Trevitt (1878–1979), organist and composer
Ryan Trevitt (born 2003), English footballer |
23578710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Branch%20River | The Branch River | The Branch River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast and Upper Hunter regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Branch River rises on south west of the settlement of Crawford River, below Girvan, south southwest of Bulahdelah, and flows generally south and then southwest, joined by five minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Karuah River north of Karuah. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid-Coast Council
Rivers of the Hunter Region |
17339279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchless%20G3/L | Matchless G3/L | The Matchless G3/L is a motorcycle developed for use by the British Army during the Second World War, when Matchless manufactured 80,000 G3 and G3/L models. The G3/L became one of the most popular motorcycles used during the war, as it was the first to replace the unforgiving "girder" front forks with a new technology, "Teledraulic" suspension. The Ministry of Defence continued to use the bikes into the 1960s.
Development
In 1940 the British War Office requisitioned every available Matchless motorcycle to replace those lost at Dunkirk. Developed from the pre-war G3, the 'L' in the G3/L stood for "lightweight" in response to the War Office requirement for a motorcycle more suited to off-road use, as the designers managed to reduce the dry weight of the prototype by (although the later models were not so lightweight due to the additional army equipment that needed to be added). The real innovation of the G3/L was the "Teledraulic" forks, which were the first telescopic design with oil damping – an idea that was to become the standard for almost all future motorcycles.
After exhaustive military testing the G3/L lost the War Office competition for a single standard 350 cc machine to Triumph's 350 cc side-valve vertical twin, the 3TW, which had a top speed of over 70 mph and weighed . Triumph's Priory Street works in Coventry were completely destroyed by German bombers in November 1940 All Triumph's technical records, drawings and designs were lost and Matchless won the contract. Triumph instead produced 350 cc sidevalves for the military during the war.
Production of the G3/L began in late 1941, and a series of modifications and improvements were introduced as it entered military service. From 1942 the entire output of the Matchless factory was dedicated to the G3/L.
Active service
In 1940, 110 Matchless G3/L's were ordered from England by the South African Army as the preferred machine for use by despatch riders.
As well as general army transport G3/L's were widely used for delivering messages that were too important to be sent by radio or by telephone.
They were also used for convoy escort, having to read maps and act as an "advance party" into occupied territory. Dispatch riders were an easy target for snipers, had to use dimmed headlights and coped with poor road conditions. In a Second World War study, Sir Hugh Cairns identified head injuries as a major cause of loss of life among dispatch riders and recommended crash helmets instead of the standard "tin helmet" or forage caps that were often worn. Sir Hugh's recommendation eventually led to compulsory crash helmets for motorcyclists – but not for another 32 years.
Post war
A war-torn infrastructure and shortages made life problematic in places like Italy, but there were a few consolations for the Italian people to help themselves get back to normality. The Germans, British and Americans had all been in and out of Italy as invaders and liberators, and they had discarded or abandoned huge amounts of military hardware including tanks, trucks and motorcycles. Some of these motorcycles, such as the Matchless G3/L, were converted from military service to civilian service by Italian riders.
Post-war G3/Ls were the military version finished in black instead of green or khaki. Despite its age, the Matchless was so well proven and reliable it remained in use by the Ministry of Defence for another 15 years after the end of the war, until replaced in 1960 by the BSA W-B40.
The Matchless G3/L was a popular choice for UK trials riders, and after the war there were plenty of bikes and spares to enable champions such as Artie Ratcliffe and Ted Usher to win numerous national events for Matchless.
The Royal Artillery Motor Cycle Display Team gave their first performance at the St Asaph Tattoo in July 1949 and used the G3/L for displays until they were replaced with the BSA Gold Star.
The end was in sight, however, as the G3 was gaining weight without any corresponding increase in power. Suspension was upgraded to a swinging arm from 1949 and an aluminium cylinder head fitted from 1951. In 1955 the engine was uprated with stronger main bearings and an "auto-advance" fitted to the rotating magnet magneto, (now front-mounted for access). Front forks were also upgraded to improve handling and in 1958 an alternator was fitted and optional chrome tank panels, steering damper, brake light system and air filter were offered.
The wartime G3/L today has an enthusiastic following on the classic bike scene and can cost up to £5,000 in original condition with the correct WD equipment.
See also
BSA M20 – BSA wartime motorcycle used by British Army
Triumph 3HW – Second World War replacement for the TR3, sidevalve 350 cc
Ariel W/NG 350 – wartime 350 cc OHV single from Ariel
References
External links
Matchless Owners Club
G3/L
Military motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in the 1930s |
23578715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thone%20River | Thone River | Thone River, a perennial stream of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Thone River rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Gibraltar, within the Gibraltar Range, and flows generally north northeast for before reaching its confluence with the Hastings River.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid North Coast
Port Macquarie-Hastings Council |
17339285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champions%20Cup%20Boston | Champions Cup Boston | Champions Cup Boston is an event in the Outback Champions Series for senior tennis players. It is held each year in Boston.
Finals results
2007 establishments in Massachusetts
2007 in Boston
Annual sporting events in the United States
Champions Series (senior men's tennis tour)
Defunct tennis tournaments in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 2007
Sports competitions in Boston
Tennis tournaments in Massachusetts |
44497209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation%20%28Jaco%20Pastorius%20album%29 | Invitation (Jaco Pastorius album) | Invitation is the third album by Jaco Pastorius, released in December 1983. This is a live album recorded at various venues during a tour of Japan in September 1982, featuring his "Word of Mouth" big band. While his debut album showcased his eclectic and impressive skills on the electric bass, both Invitation and his previous album, Word of Mouth focused more on his ability to arrange for a larger band.
This album features mostly numbers written by other artists. The exceptions are new arrangements of "Continuum", from his debut album, and "Liberty City", from Word of Mouth, as well as "Reza", an original number bookending his version of John Coltrane's "Giant Steps".
The band's all-star cast included Randy Brecker, Bob Mintzer, Toots Thielemans, Peter Erskine, Othello Molineaux, and Don Alias.
Track listing
"Invitation" (Bronisław Kaper) – 6:57
"Amerika" (Traditional) – 1:09
"Soul Intro/The Chicken" (Jaco Pastorius/Pee Wee Ellis) – 6:49
"Continuum" (Jaco Pastorius) – 4:28
"Liberty City" (Jaco Pastorius) – 4:35
"Sophisticated Lady" (Duke Ellington, Irving Mills, Mitchell Parish) – 5:17
"Reza/Giant Steps/Reza (Reprise)" (Jaco Pastorius/John Coltrane) – 10:23
"Fannie Mae" (Buster Brown, Clarence Lewis, Morgan Robinson) – 2:38
"Eleven" (Miles Davis, Gil Evans) – 0:49
Personnel
Jaco Pastorius — electric bass
Don Alias – percussion
Randy Brecker – trumpet
Peter Erskine – drums
Bob Mintzer – tenor and soprano saxophone
Othello Molineaux – steel drum
Jean "Toots" Thielemans – harmonica (listed as a "special guest")
Also featuring:
Elmer Brown, Forrest Buchtel, Ron Tooley – trumpet
Jon Faddis – trumpet (solo on "Reza")
Wayne Andre – trombone
Dave Bargeron – trombone, tuba
Peter Graves – bass trombone, co–conductor
Bill Reichenbach – bass trombone
Mario Cruz – tenor and soprano saxophone, clarinet, alto flute
Randy Emerick – baritone saxophone, clarinet
Alex Foster – tenor, alto and soprano saxophone, clarinet, piccolo
Paul McCandless – tenor saxophone, oboe, English horn
Peter Gordon, Brad Warnaar – French horn
See also
Jaco Pastorius discography
References
External links
Official Jaco Site
Family Tribute Site
Jaco Pastorius albums
1983 live albums
Warner Records live albums |
44497214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Ford | Ellen Ford | Ellen Ford may refer to:
Ellen Ford, one of the first women in WAVES
Ellen Ford, fictional character in Self Help (The Walking Dead)
See also
Helen Ford, actress |
23578717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tia%20River | Tia River | Tia River , a perennial stream of the Macleay River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The river rises below Mount Grundy on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range southwest of Tia, and flows generally northeast before reaching its confluence with the Apsley River, northwest of Tia. The river descends over its course; spilling over the Tia Falls in the Oxley Wild Rivers National Park.
The river is transversed by the Oxley Highway.
Previously the river was known as Crimps Creek and also Crokers River which John Oxley had named this stream, in honour of the First Secretary of the Admiralty.
The country above the Tia Falls is a rich grazing area used for rearing livestock. The upper parts of the Tia River have remarkable cool temperate rainforests, with unusual species such as Southern Sassafras, White Mountain Banksia and Black Olive Berry.
Tia River is a general trout stream.
Gallery
See also
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands |
20471834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Lady%20of%20Brazil | First Lady of Brazil | First Lady of Brazil (Portuguese: Primeira-dama do Brasil) is a title given to the hostess of Alvorada Palace. The position is traditionally filled by the wife of the current President of Brazil, but may apply to women who are not the president's wives, for instance, when the president is single or widowed. They do not have official functions within the government, but usually attend public ceremonies and organize social actions such as charity events. In addition, a charismatic first lady can help convey a positive image of her spouses to the population.
The role of the first lady has changed considerably. It has come to include involvement in political campaigns, social causes, and representation of the president on official and ceremonial occasions. In addition, over the years, first ladies have exerted influence in various sectors, from fashion to public opinion on politics.
To date, there have been thirty-seven first ladies, counting twice the wives of Getúlio Vargas and Ranieri Mazzilli, who served two non-consecutive terms each. President Hermes da Fonseca had two first ladies, as he became a widower and remarried while still in office. Presidents Rodrigues Alves and Castelo Branco were widowers, hence their daughters played such a role. Brazil has never had a first gentleman, as Dilma Rousseff, the first and only female president to date, had been divorced prior to taking office.
Following the inauguration of Jair Bolsonaro on 1 January 2019, his wife Michelle Bolsonaro became the thirty-seventh Brazilian first lady, succeeding Marcela Temer, wife of former president Michel Temer.
Wives who did not become first ladies
Alice Prestes, Julio Prestes's wife, did not officially become First Lady, as her husband was prevented from taking office, but he must be a former president under the Law.
Mariquita Aleixo, Pedro Aleixo's wife, did not officially become First Lady, as her husband was prevented from taking office, but he must be a former president under the Law.
Risoleta Neves, wife of Tancredo Neves, did not officially become First Lady, as her husband died before taking office, but he must be a former president under the law.
Social works
The first ladies occupy a highly visible position in Brazilian society, playing an evolutionary role over the centuries.
Assistance in the country under the command of the Brazilian first lady began in the 1940s, ahead of Darcy Vargas, with the creation of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance. Founded on 28 August 1942 to assist the families of soldiers who participated in World War II, but soon became comprehensive, with emphasis on mothers and families living in poverty. With an entirely feminine style, the LBA was governed in each state by the wives of the governors and, consequently, by the wives of the mayors. From then on, all the first ladies of the country assumed the presidency of honor of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance. But it was under Rosane Collor's management that the LBA plunged into scandals over embezzlement for the first lady's family, which resulted in her leaving the organ in 1991. The Brazilian Legion of Assistance was extinguished on 1 January 1995, under the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
Sarah Kubitschek innovated with the Foundation of Social Pioneers. The organization was created when it was still first lady of Minas Gerais, offering support to children, mothers and pregnant women, extending to the poorest families. The Foundation gained independence when her husband assumed the Presidency of the Republic, acquiring larger resources, originating from the Federal Government and some sectors such as: commerce, industry and individuals.
Ruth Cardoso assumed the presidency of the Solidarity Community Program, created in 1995 by the government to combat extreme poverty. The program replaced the extinct bodies of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance and the National Food Security Council. In 2000, she created the non-governmental organization Comunitas, in which she acted until her death, having been the forerunner of one of the largest social programs in the country's history, Bolsa Família. Ruth was still noted for her intellectuality, having been the first wife of a president to earn a university degree.
Shortly after becoming first lady of Brazil, it was announced that Marcela would be the ambassador for the "Happy Child" program, and was officially launched on 5 October 2016 with the Happy Child Program, with Marcela Temer as ambassador. Created by the Federal Government for the care of children from 0 to 3 years of age, with the purpose of accompanying visits to families linked to the Bolsa Familia Program, encouraging early childhood development in education, social assistance, health, human rights and culture.
Michelle Bolsonaro is committed to advocating for visibility of rare diseases, digital inclusion, awareness of autism, inclusion of LIBRAS (Brazilian Sign Language) in schools and other social projects.
First ladies' style
Among the first thirty-seven first ladies, some draw attention for style and elegance. Sarah Kubitschek is considered to this day one of the most elegant, favoring national stylists when the country was rising in the fashion market. Classic in style, elegant and discreet, Sarah used to wear various designers, including Zuzu Angel, Dener Pamplona, Guilherme Guimarães and Mena Fiala, responsible for almost all of Sarah's wardrobe.
Considered by People Magazine the most beautiful first lady in the country and one of the 10 most beautiful first ladies in the world, Maria Thereza Goulart became an icon of Brazilian fashion in the early 60s, and used to wear clothes designed by the then nascent Brazilian haute couture. She became a client of the designer Dener Pamplona de Abreu, who was ultimately responsible for her wardrobe. Her glamorous style drew the interest of Brazilian newspapers and became a trend amongst Brazilian women, who were inspired by her clothing. Maria Thereza was the youngest first lady in the country's history, at the age of twenty-one at the time of her inauguration, having been considered by Time magazine as one of the nine Reigning Beauties in the world. She was considered an icon of Brazilian fashion in the early 60s, with the rise of haute couture in the country, attracting national and international attention, printing several covers of Brazilian magazines such as Manchete, Fatos & Fotos and O Cruzeiro; and world famous such as the French Paris Match and the German Stern.
Becoming first lady, Marcela Temer also drew national attention and became a fashion reference. At the parade on 7 September 2016, she appeared in a simple white dress with a discreet neckline. In less than 24 hours, the dress was already sold out at the online store of Brazilian designer Luisa Farani. With a classic and romantic style, the same dress she wore in her first official act as first lady, repeated in her last official act as first lady, being highly praised and associated with the British Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.
Michelle Bolsonaro has a classic, simple and elegant style. On the day that her husband took office, Michelle was using a model considered simple, but that took 20 days to be made. The medium-length, shoulder-to-shoulder rosé model - inspired by the dresses of former United States First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and Monaco Princess Grace Kelly generated positive comments. In her everyday life, she usually sports a casual look, mostly wearing jeans, knit shirts and comfortable wearing. She seems to take a like on classic, discreet, neckless pieces, usually wearing black, a fact that made her choose a dress in the same color with round sleeves for the cocktail party at Itamaraty on the night that her husband became president of Brazil. Her stylist is the Paulistana Marie Lafayette, who dresses the first lady at all official events. At an event held by the Planalto Palace in April 2019, Michelle wore a tube and pearl necklace, drawing comparisons to Diana, Princess of Wales.
List of first ladies of Brazil
Other spouses of Brazilian Presidents
Two presidents were widowed before their presidencies:
Rodrigues Alves was married to Ana Guilhermina Alves from 1875 until her death in 1891.
Humberto Castello Branco was married to Argentina Castello Branco from 1922 until her death in 1963.
Three presidents were widowed and remarried before their presidencies:
Epitácio Pessoa was married to Francisca Pessoa from 1894 until her death in 1895. He was later married to Mary Pessoa from 1898 until 1942.
Carlos Luz was married to Maria José da Luz from 1920 until her death in 1924. He was later married to Graciema da Luz from 1927 until 1961.
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was married to Maria de Lurdes da Silva from 1969 until her death in 1971. He was later married to Marisa Letícia from 1974 until her death in 2017.
Five presidents were divorced before their presidencies:
Fernando Collor was married to Lilibeth Monteiro de Carvalho from 1975 to 1981.
Itamar Franco was married to Ana Elisa Surerus from 1968 to 1978.
Dilma Rousseff was married to Claudio Linhares from 1967 to 1969 and to Carlos Araújo from 1969 to 2000.
Michel Temer was married to Maria Célia de Toledo from 1969 to 1987.
Jair Bolsonaro was married to Rogéria Nantes Braga and Ana Cristina Valle.
Three presidents remarried after their presidencies:
Fernando Collor has been married to Caroline Medeiros since 2006.
Fernando Henrique Cardoso has been married to Patrícia Kundrát since 2014.
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has been married to Rosângela Silva since 2022
Wives of the military of the provisional governing boards
Josefa Tasso Fragoso, wife of Augusto Tasso Fragoso, general of the Brazilian Military Junta of 1930.
Leonor de Noronha, wife of Isaías de Noronha, admiral of the Brazilian Military Junta of 1930.
Ernestina Menna Barreto, wife of João de Deus Menna Barreto, general of the Brazilian Military Junta of 1930.
Isolina of Lyra Tavares, wife of Aurélio de Lyra Tavares, general of the Brazilian Military Junta of 1969.
Ruth Rademaker, wife of Augusto Rademaker, Admiral of the Brazilian Military Junta of 1969.
Zilda de Souza Mello, wife of Márcio de Souza Mello, Brigadier of the Brazilian Military Junta of 1969.
Living former first ladies
To date, four former first ladies are alive. In order of service are:
The most recent former first lady to die was Marisa Leticia on 3 February 2017, aged 66. The largest number of former living first ladies were twelve, between 15 April 1964 and 17 July 1965, when Nair de Teffé, Francisca Ribeiro, Clelia Bernardes, Darcy Vargas, Luzia Linhares, Jandira Café, Graciema da Luz, Beatriz Ramos, Sarah Kubitschek, Eloá Quadros, Sylvia Mazzilli, and Maria Thereza Goulart were all alive; and between 15 March 1967 and 24 June 1968, when Nair de Teffé, Clélia Bernardes, Darcy Vargas, Luzia Linhares, Jandira Café, Graciema of Light, Beatriz Ramos, Sarah Kubitschek, Eloá Quadros, Sylvia Mazzilli, Maria Thereza Goulart and Antonietta Castello Branco were all alive.
Spouses of Presidents
Brazil
Spouses of the President |
17339295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Girard%20%281909%E2%80%931993%29 | André Girard (1909–1993) | André Girard (born 22 April 1909 in Cahors, died 4 June 1993 in La Mulatière, near Lyon) was a French civil servant and Resistance worker with the ALLIANCE network.
Life
Pre-war
Girard worked for the Société d'exploitation industrielle des tabacs et des allumettes in France from 1929 onwards.
French Resistance
He was captured at the Battle of Dunkirk in 1940, but escaped from Germany in 1941 to Brive-la-Gaillarde and soon joined the French Resistance.
Under the pseudonym "Pointer", Girard was the regional head of the Alliance or "Arche de Noé" resistance network in occupied France from 1940 to 1945, the only network whose supreme commander was a woman, Marie-Madeleine Fourcade (Alias "Hérisson"). This network was notable for giving almost all of its three thousand agents codenames based on animals : Bleu d'Auvergne, Setter, Labrador, Bichon, Abeille, Aigle... Divided up by region, the network's central command was "Hôpital" (centre-west sector), which Girard led from 1943 to September 1944. In 1944, his sector numbered 185 main agents across 16 départements, from south of the Loire to north of the Garonne, a sector particularly marked by the Tulle and Oradour-sur-Glane massacres. Its agents were from diverse social backgrounds – the mayor of La Rochelle and colonel in the reserve Léonce Vieljeux, the student Roland Creel, the vicar of Tulle cathedral Charles Lair, the usselois doctor Jean Sirieix, the intelligence commissioner Henry Castaing, the briviste businessman Pierre Bordes, the secretary-general to the council of Guéret Roland Deroubaix, the creusois lawyer René Nouguès or the electrician Vincent Renaud, as well as civil servants, peasants, surgeons, railway workers, architects, and ushers.
On 30 June 1945, charged with a mission of the utmost importance for the Direction générale des études et recherches and promoted to captain, he was demobbed at his own request. Returning to his pre-war job, he was transferred to the tobacco factory at Riom before becoming administrative director and inspector of the tobacco factory at Lyon until his retirement. He also succeeded Jacques Soustelle on the municipal council of Lyon in 1962 under Louis Pradel. He was for several years the national treasurer of the Old Comrades association for the ALLIANCE network. He published his war memoirs in 1965 with éditions France-Empire under the title "Le temps de la méprise".
He is buried in the cemetery at Saint-Sauves d'Auvergne.
Medals
Officier de la Légion d'honneur
Croix de guerre 1939–1945, 2 citations
Médaille de la Résistance
Médaille des évadés
Croix du combattant volontaire
Croix du combattant volontaire de la Résistance
Insigne des blessés militaires
Croix du combattant de l'Europe
Croix d'honneur du mérite Franco-britannique
King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom (UK)
Sources
Le temps de la méprise, by André Girard, éditions France-Empire, 1965
L'arche de noé, by Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, éditions Fayard, 1968
Les SS en Limousin, Quercy et Périgord, by Georges Beau and Léopold Gaubusseau, éditions des Presses de la Cité, 1969
Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, un chef de la Résistance, by Michèle Cointet, éditions Perrin, 2006
Centre national d'études de la Résistance et de la Déportation Edmond Michelet, 4 rue Champanatier, 19100 Brive-la-Gaillarde
External links
Site on André Girard and the Alliance network
1909 births
1993 deaths
People from Cahors
French Resistance members
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Resistance Medal
Recipients of the King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom
French prisoners of war in World War II
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
French escapees
Escapees from German detention
French Army personnel of World War II |
23578721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%20Many%20Ways%20%28Brook%20Benton%20song%29 | So Many Ways (Brook Benton song) | "So Many Ways" is a 1959 single by Brook Benton written by Bobby Stevenson. The single was Benton's third release to hit number one on the R&B singles chart in 1959. "So Many Ways" hit the number one spot for three non-consecutive weeks and was also Benton's second top ten pop hit, peaking at number six.
Chart positions
References
1959 singles
Mercury Records singles
Brook Benton songs
1959 songs
Songs written by Brook Benton |
17339299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyu%2C%20Chipwi | Sanyu, Chipwi | Sanyu is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23578723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbarra%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Timbarra River (New South Wales) | Timbarra River, a mostly perennial stream of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Timbarra River rises on the slopes of Gibraltar Range, east of Bald Nob, and flows generally north northeast, joined by four minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Clarence River, south southwest of Tabulam. The river descends over its course; and flows through the Gibraltar Range National Park in its upper reaches. Between Tenterfield and Grafton, the course of Timbarra River flows adjacent to the Bruxner Highway.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands |
17339302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saulang | Saulang | Saulang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elides | Elides | Elides may refer to
The action of elision, omitting one or more sounds, in linguistics
The descendants of Eli the priest in the Hebrew Bible |
23578728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobins%20River | Tobins River | Tobins River, a perennial stream of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Tobins River rises below Mount Seaview, on the south-eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range within Cotton Bimbang National Park, near the village of Myrtle Scrub, and flows generally east southeast, before reaching its confluence with the Hastings River, west of Birdwood. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid North Coast
Northern Tablelands
Walcha Shire |
17339334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawlaw%2C%20Chipwi | Sawlaw, Chipwi | Sawlaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawnkyawn | Sawnkyawn | Sawnkyawn is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23578729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomaga%20River | Tomaga River | The Tomaga River, an open mature wave dominated barrier estuary or perennial stream, is located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Tomaga River rises about northeast of Mogo Hill and flows generally southwest and then southeast, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its mouth at the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean at Mossy Point. The river descends over its course.
The catchment area of the river is with a volume of over a surface area of , at an average depth of .
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales)
Eurobodalla Shire |
17339348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Championships%20at%20the%20Palisades | The Championships at the Palisades | The Championships at the Palisades is an event in the Outback Champions Series for senior tennis players. It was held from 2006 through 2009 in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Finals results
Defunct tennis tournaments in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 2006
Champions Series (senior men's tennis tour)
Tennis tournaments in the United States
Sports competitions in Charlotte, North Carolina |
44497219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal%20bottleneck | Nocturnal bottleneck | The nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis is a hypothesis to explain several mammalian traits. In 1942, Gordon Lynn Walls described this concept which states that placental mammals were mainly or even exclusively nocturnal through most of their evolutionary story, starting with their origin 225 million years ago, and only ending with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago. While some mammal groups have later evolved to fill diurnal niches, the approximately 160 million years spent as nocturnal animals has left a lasting legacy on basal anatomy and physiology, and most mammals are still nocturnal.
Evolution of mammals
Mammals evolved from cynodonts, a group of superficially dog-like synapsids in the wake of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. The emerging archosaurian groups that flourished after the extinction, including crocodiles and dinosaurs and their ancestors, drove the remaining larger cynodonts into extinction, leaving only the smaller forms. The surviving cynodonts could only succeed in niches with minimal competition from the diurnal dinosaurs, evolving into the typical small-bodied insectivorous dwellers of the nocturnal undergrowth. While the early mammals continued to develop into several probably quite common groups of animals during the Mesozoic, they all remained relatively small and nocturnal.
Only with the massive extinction at the end of the Cretaceous did the dinosaurs leave the stage open for the establishment of a new fauna of mammals. Despite this, mammals continued to be small-bodied for millions of years. While all the largest animals alive today are mammals, the majority of mammals are still small nocturnal animals.
Mammalian nocturnal adaptions
Several different features of mammalian physiology appear to be adaptations to a nocturnal lifestyle, mainly related to the sensory organs. These include:
Senses
Acute sense of hearing, including coiling cochleae, external pinnae and auditory ossicles.
Very good sense of smell, well developed nasal turbinates. Most have a large olfactory bulb.
Well-developed sense of touch, particularly the whiskers.
With the exception of higher primates, very large cornea, giving a less acute visual image compared to birds and reptiles.
Limited colour vision.
Physiology
Unique type of brown adipose tissue, allowing mammals to generate heat quickly.
Mitochondria with five to seven times higher respiration rates compared to reptiles of similar sizes.
Fur to assist in thermo-regulation in a cold (night) environment.
Lack of an ocular shielding mechanism against (diurnal) ultraviolet light.
The photolyase DNA mechanism, which relies on visible light, does not work in the placental mammals, despite being present and functional in bacteria, fungi, and most other animals.
Behaviour
Circadian rhythm and behaviour patterns in all basal groups are nocturnal, at least in placentals.
Burrowing lifestyle allowing sheltering from climate and diurnal predators appears to be a basal mammalian trait.
References
Behavioral ecology
Biology theories
Chronobiology
Circadian rhythm
Evolutionary biology
Night
Prehistoric mammals
Sleep |
44497223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platano%20Macho | Platano Macho | Plátano Macho was a hip-hop, rap and funk band in Uruguay. The band formed in the mid 1990s and was produced by Gabriel Casacuberta (Clecter) and Andres Perez Miranda (Androoval). The band consisted of SPD Gonzalez, Choniuk, LSPiano aka. 'Supervielle', A/PM aka Androoval and Clecter.
Their 1998 album 'The Perro Convention' with the Argentinean label PolyGram included the single, "Pendeja", which was included in the regular programming of radio Rock & Pop, MTV latino channel and also on MTV Lingo compilation, where they included bands like Cyprus Hill, Molotov and Control Machete.
Among its members were LSPiano and Clecter, current participants of the collective Bajofondo Tango Club and Androoval, current music producer Androoval Trio, Family Doctors and DubAlkolikz.
Discography
The Perro Convention (1998)
Track list:
Pinorton
That Is A Way
Inspector Clouseau Theme (I - Life In Hell)
Maestro Ninja
Pendeja
No Tiren
Roberto
T-Musculo
Monarca
La Granja
XQ'Tan Pesado
Pull Me On
Dr Pa Dig
Chimp Onassid
Inspector Clousseau Theme (II - Life In Heaven)
Poligarcha
Phreacs '69
Come Now
Funky Cousins
References
Uruguayan musical groups |
6903287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideroxylon | Sideroxylon | Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."
Distribution
The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America, but also in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands. Some species, such as gum bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and buckthorn bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the white milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.
Ecology
Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The Tambalacoque (S. grandiflorum, syn. Calvaria major) of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct. Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera, such as the bumelia webworm moth (Urodus parvula) as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium, commonly known as bumelia borers.
Species
Accepted species
Sideroxylon acunae - Cuba
Sideroxylon alachuense - Florida
Sideroxylon altamiranoi - Hidalgo, Querétaro
Sideroxylon americanum - Yucatan, West Indies
Sideroxylon anomalum - Barahona
Sideroxylon beguei - Madagascar
Sideroxylon bequaertii - Zaïre
Sideroxylon betsimisarakum - Madagascar
Sideroxylon borbonicum - Réunion
Sideroxylon boutonianum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon bullatum - Jamaica
Sideroxylon canariense - Canary Is
Sideroxylon cantoniense - SE China
Sideroxylon capiri - Mesoamerica, West Indies
Sideroxylon capuronii - Madagascar
Sideroxylon cartilagineum - Sinaloa, Jalisco, Guerrero
Sideroxylon celastrinum - Texas, Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Bahamas
Sideroxylon cinereum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon contrerasii - Mesoamerica
Sideroxylon cubense - West Indies
Sideroxylon discolor - Socotra
Sideroxylon dominicanum - Dominican Rep
Sideroxylon durifolium - Chiapas, Belize
Sideroxylon ekmanianum - Cuba
Sideroxylon eriocarpum - Oaxaca
Sideroxylon eucoriaceum - Veracruz, Guatemala
Sideroxylon eucuneifolium - Guatemala
Sideroxylon excavatum - Guerrero, Oaxaca
Sideroxylon fimbriatum - Socotra
Sideroxylon floribundum - Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica
Sideroxylon foetidissimum - West Indies, S Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Florida
Sideroxylon galeatum - Rodrigues
Sideroxylon gerrardianum - Madagascar
Sideroxylon grandiflorum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon hirtiantherum - Guatemala, Honduras
Sideroxylon horridum - Cuba, Cayman Is
Sideroxylon ibarrae - Baja Verapaz
Sideroxylon inerme - Africa (from Somalia to Cape Province), Aldabra, Juan de Nova I
Sideroxylon jubilla - Cuba
Sideroxylon lanuginosum – - United States (AZ to SC + KY), NE Mexico
Sideroxylon leucophyllum - Baja California, Sonora
Sideroxylon lycioides – buckthorn bully - United States (TX to DE)
Sideroxylon macrocarpum - Georgia
Sideroxylon majus Réunion
Sideroxylon marginatum - Cape Verde
Sideroxylon mascatense - from Ethiopia to Pakistan
Sideroxylon mirmulans - Madeira
Sideroxylon moaense - Cuba
Sideroxylon montanum - Jamaica
Sideroxylon nadeaudii - Tahiti
Sideroxylon nervosum - Myanmar
Sideroxylon obovatum - West Indies, Venezuela
Sideroxylon obtusifolium - from Veracruz to Paraguay
Sideroxylon occidentale - Baja California, Sonora
Sideroxylon octosepalum - Clarendon
Sideroxylon oxyacanthum - Ethiopia, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia
Sideroxylon palmeri - Mexico
Sideroxylon peninsulare - Baja California
Sideroxylon persimile - Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad
Sideroxylon picardae - Hispaniola
Sideroxylon polynesicum - Hawaii, Rapa-Iti
Sideroxylon portoricense - Mesoamerica, Greater Antilles
Sideroxylon puberulum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon reclinatum - United States (LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC)
Sideroxylon repens - Hispaniola
Sideroxylon retinerve - Honduras
Sideroxylon rotundifolium - Jamaica
Sideroxylon rubiginosum - Dominican Rep
Sideroxylon salicifolium - West Indies, Mesoamerica, Florida
Sideroxylon saxorum - Madagascar
Sideroxylon sessiliflorum - Mauritius
Sideroxylon socorrense - Socorro I
Sideroxylon st-johnianum - Henderson I
Sideroxylon stenospermum - Mesoamerica
Sideroxylon stevensonii - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala
Sideroxylon tambolokoko - Madagascar
Sideroxylon tenax - United States (FL, GA, SC, NC)
Sideroxylon tepicense - Mesoamerica
Sideroxylon thornei (Cronquist) T.D.Penn. - USA (FL, GA, AL)
Sideroxylon verruculosum - Mexico
Sideroxylon wightianum - Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Vietnam
Formerly placed here
Argania spinosa (as S. spinosum )
Micropholis acutangula (as S. acutangulum )
Micropholis crassipedicellata (as S. crassipedicellatum )
Micropholis guyanensis (as S. guyanense )
Micropholis rugosa (as S. rugosum )
Olinia ventosa (as S. cymosum )
Planchonella australis (as S. australe )
Planchonella costata (as S. costatum )
Planchonella eerwah (as S. eerwah )
Pouteria elegans (as S. elegans )
Pouteria macrantha (as S. macranthum )
Pouteria sapota (as S. sapota )
Pouteria reticulata (as S. uniloculare )
Synsepalum dulcificum (as S. dulcificum'' )
References
External links
Sapotaceae genera |
23578730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonalli%20River | Tonalli River | The Tonalli River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Tonalli River rises on the eastern alopes of Mount Marrup within the Tonalli Range in remote country within the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site, and flows generally east southeast, east northeast, and then east southeast, before reaching its confluence with the Wollondilly River within Lake Burragorang in Yerranderie State Conservation Area. The river descends over its course.
The river flows through parts of the Nattai and Kanangra-Boyd national parks and is a source of water for the Sydney region.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of the Blue Mountains (New South Wales)
Wollondilly Shire |
23578733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towallum%20River | Towallum River | Towallum River, a perennial river of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Towallum River rises on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range near Moleton, northwest of Coramba, and flows generally north and northwest before reaching its confluence with the Kangaroo River, below Koukandowie Mountain; over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands |
44497236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki%20University%20Library | Helsinki University Library | The Helsinki University Library () is the largest multidisciplinary university library in Finland. It was established on 1 January 2010. The Helsinki University Library is an independent institute of the University of Helsinki and open to all information seekers.
The Helsinki University Library includes the Main Library in the Kaisa House, Kumpula, Meilahti and Viikki Campus Libraries, as well as internal library services. The library offers information and library services in the fields of science of all four campuses of the University of Helsinki.
Key information
About 1.9 million customers visit the Helsinki University Library annually. There are about 40,400 active borrowers per year, and of them 11,000 are new customers.
Everyone has the right to use the library, and persons over the age of 15 who live in Finland have the right to borrow books. Electronic materials are available for use to all customers in the library facilities and for the university community also online.
The library offers its customers wide collections of printed and electronic materials. There are altogether about 73.5 shelf-kilometres of printed books and journals. Printed materials are borrowed and renewed altogether 2.6 million times annually. There are about 33,000 licensed electronic journals and 356,000 electronic books available.
The Meilahti Campus Library Terkko is the WHO Documentation Center in Finland. One of the European Documentation Centres in Finland is located in the Main Library in the Kaisa House.
The Embassy of the United States to Finland maintains the American Resource Center, which operates in connection with the Helsinki University Library at the Kaisa House.
Sources
Helsinki University Library Website
Helsinki University Library Annual Report 2013
References
External links
University of Helsinki
Libraries in Finland
2010 establishments in Finland |
44497257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20Audit%20Service | Internal Audit Service | The Internal Audit Service is the title of several government bodies responsible for internal audit:
Philippines
At the Department of the Interior and Local Government
At the Department of Health (Philippines)
At the Department of Budget and Management
At the Department of National Defense (Philippines)
At the Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)
Elsewhere
Internal Audit Service (European Commission)
At the Ministry of Defence (Slovenia)
The United States Army Audit Agency
The South African Army Inspector-General
See also
Audit Commission (disambiguation), any of several national governments' internal audit bodies
Auditor general
Comptroller general (disambiguation) |
6903309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Ferguson%20%28clergyman%29 | John Ferguson (clergyman) | John Ferguson (27 December 1852 – 1 March 1925) was a Scottish-born Australian Presbyterian minister.
Early life
John Ferguson was born on 27 December 1852, at Shiels, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the third son of William Ferguson, a farmer, and his wife Elizabeth, née Mitchell. He migrated to Otago, New Zealand, with his parents in 1862.
Upon leaving school at the age of 14, he became a pupil-teacher, and also acted as laboratory assistant in the chemistry department at the University of Otago. Ferguson soon realised his desire to enter the ministry, and subsequently, the congregation of Knox Church at Dunedin, gave him a bursary to complete the full course at New College, Edinburgh.
Career
Licensed as a probationer by the Free Church presbytery of Deer at Stuartfield, Old Deer, Aberdeenshire, Ferguson returned to Otago and was ordained to the ministry on 20 May 1880. He was then sent to work with the miners at Tuapeka in the Central Otago goldfields.
Ferguson married Isabella Adie, from Old Deer, on 4 February 1881 at Dunedin. He soon became colleague and successor to A. Stobo at Invercargill, where he remained in full charge for fourteen years. In August 1894 Ferguson was inducted to St Stephen's, Phillip Street, Sydney, the largest Presbyterian congregation in Australia. His ministry in Sydney was very successful.
Ferguson took a full part in Australian religious and public life, becoming moderator-general in 1909. His inaugural address, published as The Economic Value of the Gospel, caused controversy in Melbourne and praise from trade union leaders. Labor politician William Morris (Billy) Hughes (who was to become Prime Minister in 1915), said:
As the senior Presbyterian chaplain in New South Wales, Ferguson preached on many special occasions, including the arrival of H.M.A.S. Australia and the memorial services at the end of the South African War and World War I. Ferguson's ecumenical interests led him to seek an audience with the Pope on a visit to Rome in 1914, an action that evoked much criticism in Sydney.
On 22 May 1913, following the resignation of Andrew Harper, Ferguson was appointed Senior Chaplain and Chairman of the exclusive Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney Council, retiring in 1923 due to ill health. Whilst in this role, he actively worked towards the planning and establishment of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Pymble in 1916, a branch of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney. He was also the first chairman of the board of the Australian Inland Mission, a member of the Council of The Scots College and St Andrew's Theological College, and Vice-President of the Highland Society of New South Wales. He was also to become the Acting Principal of St Andrew's Theological College at the University of Sydney in 1917.
It is said that Ferguson was a "tall, dark-haired man, with a drooping moustache and a commanding presence. An attractive preacher, with a genial and informal friendliness, he seldom forgot a face or a name and few entered St Stephen's without a warm personal greeting. He was admired and respected by all the Churches."
Death
In October 1924, Ferguson collapsed in the pulpit of St. Stephen's Church and subsequently died at his home, 'Atherton', on Bayswater Road, on 1 March 1925. He was survived by his wife, three sons, including Sir John, judge of the New South Wales Industrial Commission and author of the Australian National Bibliography; Eustace, a notable pathologist and entomologist, and by two daughters. He was buried at South Head Cemetery in Sydney.
Legacy
Following Ferguson's death, a memorial hall and tablet were erected at St Stephen's Church, Sydney in his honour. Ferguson House at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney is also named after him.
Notable descendants
John Alexander Ferguson, (Sir), compiled the first Bibliography of Australia.
Eustace William Ferguson, pathologist and entomologist
See also
List of Australian Presbyterians
Notable Aberdonians
Presbyterian Church of Australia
References
1852 births
1925 deaths
Australian educators
Australian Presbyterian ministers
19th-century Ministers of the Free Church of Scotland
Clergy from Aberdeen
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia |
23578734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towamba%20River | Towamba River | The Towamba River is an open mature wave dominated barrier estuary or perennial river, located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Towamba River rises near Coolangubra Mountain, below Mount Marshall on the eastern slopes of the South Coast Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, approximately north of Coolangubra Mountain. The river flows generally southeast and then northeast, joined by twelve tributaries including the Mataganah Creek and Wog Wog River, before reaching its mouth, emptying into Nullica Bay, within Twofold Bay, and spilling into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean, east of Boydtown. The river descends over its course.
The catchment area of the river is with a volume of over a surface area of , at an average depth of .
At the locality of Kiah, the Princes Highway crosses the Towamba River.
The river flows through extensive parts of the South East Forest National Park in its upper reaches. In its lower reaches, the river forms the northern boundary of Mount Imlay National Park.
See also
Towamba River bridge, New Buildings
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales) |
44497271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroone%20House | Caroone House | Caroone House was an office block at 14 Farringdon Street, London EC4, which was built in 1972 on the site of the Congregational Memorial Hall which had been demolished in 1968.
History of Site
The Memorial Hall and Caroone House were built on the site of the old Fleet Prison. The prison was burnt down during the Great Fire of London and while the prison was being rebuilt, the prisoners were relocated to Caron House, South Lambeth, a large mansion house which had been built by Noel de Caron the Netherlands ambassador to England in the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. In 1685 Caron House was demolished but the name survived and in the 19th century there was a "Carroun House" on the estate - which has been known as Vauxhall Park since 1890. As a consequence of this rich history, "Caroone House" was adopted as an appropriate name for the new building in Farringdon Street.
A Greater London Council plaque commemorating the foundation of the Labour Party at the Memorial Hall in 1900 was displayed at the main entrance to Caroone House.
BT
The building was used by Post Office Telecommunications - from 1981 British Telecom (BT) - as the headquarters for its Post Office International Telephones division (designated as ITp) for operating their international business and for telephone tapping. Among other things it was the HQ for managing the operation of ITps International Control Centres (ICCs) in London, Brighton and Glasgow. It was also HQ for what was, at the time, the world's largest international telecoms exchange located on the site of the old Stag Lane Aerodrome in Edgware. The Stag Lane exchange was later superseded by BTs new international switching centre (ISC) at Mondial House.
Closure
In 2001 Caroone House was purchased by The British Land Company plc for £24.5 million. The building was demolished in 2004 to be replaced by the Ludgate West development. British Land commenced construction in 2005 with completion in 2007 and today 5 Fleet Place stands on the site. The Labour Party plaque has been reinstated on the wall of the redevelopment.
References
1972 establishments in England
British Telecom buildings and structures
Buildings and structures demolished in 2004
Demolished buildings and structures in London
Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Camden
History of telecommunications in the United Kingdom
Office buildings completed in 1972
Office buildings in London
Telephone exchange buildings
Telephone tapping |
6903315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20destroyer%20Ouragan | French destroyer Ouragan | Ouragan (French: "hurricane") was a (torpilleur d'escadre) built for the French Navy during the 1920s. During World War II, the destroyer began the war in service with the French Navy and was undergoing repairs at Brest during the invasion of France. The British Royal Navy towed the destroyer to the United Kingdom and commandeered the vessel following the French surrender in 1940. They transferred Ouragan to the Polish Navy which kept the destroyer in service for less than a year. In 1941, the Polish Navy transferred the destroyer to the Free French Naval Forces, which in turn, transferred Ouragan back to the Royal Navy in 1943. Ouragan saw no further action and was broken up for scrap in 1949.
Design and description
The Bourrasque class had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . The ships displaced at (standard) load and at deep load. They were powered by two geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three du Temple boilers. The turbines were designed to produce , which would propel the ship at . The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at .
The main armament of the Bourrasque-class ships consisted of four Canon de Modèle 1919 guns in shielded single mounts, one superfiring pair each fore and aft of the superstructure. Their anti-aircraft (AA) armament consisted of a single Canon de Modèle 1924 gun. The ships carried two triple mounts of torpedo tubes amidships. A pair of depth charge chutes were built into their stern that housed a total of sixteen depth charges.
Construction and career
During the first year of World War II, Ouragan served with the 4th Destroyer Division with the destroyers and , based at Brest. At the time of the German invasion of France in 1940, she was undergoing engine repairs at Brest. The Royal Navy towed her to Devonport where the repairs were completed. After the French surrender in June, the British commandeered her on 3 July and she was transferred to the Polish Navy on 17 July 1940. Until 30 April 1941 she sailed under the Polish ensign (using pennant number H16) but as OF Ouragan (OF - Okręt Francuski - "French ship"), instead of the usual ORP prefix. She was commanded by Lieutenant Commander T. Gorazdowski; most of Ouragans crew were transferred from , which had been sunk on 4 May 1940, during the Battle of Narvik.
Ouragan participated in operations around the British Isles, during which she suffered storm damage (flooded engine and boiler rooms) and a series of debilitating technical problems, requiring a total of 194 days under repair (compared to 31 days at sea). On 30 April 1941, after 287 days in Polish service, Ouragan was returned to the Free French Forces, who in turn passed her to the Royal Navy in 1943. She never returned to active operations, was decommissioned on 7 April 1949 and scrapped.
Notes
References
External links
uboat.com
Polish Navy in Scotland
Polish navy
Bourrasque-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of France
World War II destroyers of Poland
Ships built in France
1924 ships
Destroyers of the Free French Naval Forces |
17339376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Moscow%20Victory%20Day%20Parade | 2008 Moscow Victory Day Parade | The Moscow Victory Parade of 2008 was held on Victory Day (9 May) on the occasion of the 63rd anniversary of the Great Patriotic War ending in the defeat of Nazi Germany. This was the first time the Russian Federation opened its vehicle showcase since 1991, and the airshow since the Cold War. The parade was commanded by Army General Vladimir Bakin, Commander of the Moscow Military District, and reviewed by Anatoliy Serdyukov of the Russian Ministry of Defence. A speech was made by Russian president Dmitry Medvedev, who took office just two days prior. This would be notable to be the first ever major Russian military parade seen on television worldwide when RT carried a live broadcast of the parade for the first time in its history.
Parade Program
Parade formations
Note: Those indicated in bold indicate first parade appearance, those indicated with italic indicate double or multiple parade appearances.
General of the Army Vladimir Bakin, Commander of the Moscow Military District (parade commander)
Defense Minister of the Russian Federation Anatoliy Serdyukov (parade inspector)
Military Bands in Attendance
Massed Military Bands led and conducted by Major General Valery Khalilov and composed of:
Headquarters Band of the Moscow Military District
Central Military Band of the MDRF
Central Band of the Russian Navy
Band of the Moscow Military Conservatoire, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
HQ Band of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation
Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College
Infantry Column
154th Moscow Garrison Commandant's Honor Guard Regiment and Color Guards
Colors Party composed of:
Flag of Russia
Victory Banner
Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Combined Honor Guard Company of the Armed Forces
Historical units
Representative units of the Armed Forced, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense, Federal Security Service as well as units of the Moscow Military District
Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces
Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Gagarin Air Force Academy
Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy
Civil Defense Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation
Military Technological University
Moscow Military Space Institute of Radio Electronics
Moscow Border Guards Institute of the Border Guard Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation "Moscow City Council"
2nd Guards Motor Rifle Division
4th Kantemir Guards Armored Brigade "Yuri Andropov"
27th Sevastopol Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
Ryazan Airborne Command Academy "Gen. of the Army Vasily Margelov"
98th Guards Airborne Division
ODON Ind. Motorized Internal Troops Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation "Felix Dzerzhinsky"
Baltic Naval Military Institute "Admiral Fyodor Ushakov"
336th Separate Bialystok Guards Naval Infantry Brigade of the Baltic Fleet
Nakhimov Naval School
Suvorov Military School
Moscow Military Commanders Training School "Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR/Russian Federation"
With more than 9,000 soldier, sailors, and airmen and 100 vehicles marching in the parade, this was the largest such parade held in Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union. Unlike previous Victory Day parades, there were no units parading in Great Patriotic War uniforms, though the Victory Banner was paraded at the beginning of the ceremony. Training for the parade took two months in Alabino, Moscow Oblast. On 8 May, a temporary platform with a white-blue-red banner was erected on Red Square, covering the Lenin Mausoleum .
Ground vehicles at the Parade
This was the first time in the history of post-Soviet Russia when armoured fighting vehicles took part in the Red Square parade. In order of presentation:
Advanced guard flag group by three UAZ-469s
GAZ-2975
BTR-80
BMP-3
BMD-4
2S25 Sprut-SD
T-90
2S19 Msta
9K22 Tunguska
Tor Missile System
Buk-M1-2
BM-30 Smerch
S-300
Iskander M
RT-2PM Topol
Rear guard flag group by three UAZ-469s
On 22 April, the equipment was delivered to a training ground near Moscow. Before the parade, the tracked vehicles were delivered by rail. Due to the fact that in 1995 the Resurrection Gates were restored, military equipment entered the square on from one side of the State Historical Museum, and not from two as in previous parades.
Aircraft at the Parade
In order of presentation:
3 Mil Mi-8 (with flags)
Antonov An-124 and 2 Sukhoi Su-27
Tupolev Tu-160 and 2 Mikoyan MiG-31
Tupolev Tu-95, Ilyushin Il-78 and 2 Mikoyan MiG-29 (Il-78 and Tu-95 were imitating aerial refueling)
Ilyushin Il-78, Sukhoi Su-24, Sukhoi Su-34, also imitating aerial refueling. The Su-34s came from the 4th Centre for Combat Employment and Retraining of Personnel at Lipetsk air base.
3 Tupolev Tu-22M
4 Sukhoi Su-25
5 Sukhoi Su-27 and 4 Mikoyan MiG-29 (Russian Knights and Strizhi)
Music
Inspection and Address
March of the Preobrazhensky Regiment (Марш Преображенского Полка)
Slow March of the Tankmen (Встречный Марш Танкистов) by Semyon Tchernetsky
Slow March to Carry the War Flag (Встречный Марш для выноса Боевого Знамени) by Dmitriy Valentinovich Kadeyev
Slow March of the Guards of the Navy (Гвардейский Встречный Марш Военно-Морского Флота) by Nikolai Pavlocich Ivanov-Radkevich
Slow March of the Officers Schools (Встречный Марш офицерских училищ) by Semyon Tchernetsky
Slow March (Встречный Марш) by Dmitry Pertsev
Slow March of the Red Army (Встречный Марш Красной Армии) by Semyon Tchernetsky
Slow March (Встречный Марш) by Evgeny Aksyonov
Glory (Славься) by Mikhail Glinka
Parade Fanfare All Listen! (Парадная Фанфара "Слушайте все!") by Andrei Golovin
State Anthem of the Russian Federation (Государственный Гимн Российской Федерации) by Alexander Alexandrov
Signal Retreat (Сигнал "Отбой")
Infantry Column
General Miloradovich (Марш "Генерал Милорадович") by Valery Khalilov
Farewell of Slavianka (Прощание Славянки) by Vasiliy Agapkin
To Serve Russia (Служить России) by Eduard Cemyonovich Khanok
Lefort's March (Лефортовский Марш) by Valery Khalilov
Artillery March (Марш Артиллеристов) by Tikhon Khrennikov
Combat March (Строевой Марш) by Dmitry Illarionovich Pertsev
Air March (Авиамарш) by Yuliy Abramovich Khait
In Defense of the Homeland (В защиту Родины) by Viktor Sergeyevich Runov
March of the Cosmonauts/Friends, I believe (Марш Космонавтов /Я верю, друзья) by Oskar Borisovich Feltsman
March Kant (Марш "Кант") by Valery Khalilov
On Guard for the Peace (На страже Мира) by Boris Alexandrovich Diev
We Need One Victory (Нам Нужна Одна Победа) by Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava
March Hero (Марш "Герой")
We are the Army of the People (Мы Армия Народа) by Georgy Viktorovich Mavsesya
Crew is One Family (Экипаж - одна семья) by Viktor Vasilyevich Pleshak
On the Road (В Путь) by Vasily Pavlovich Solovyov-Sedoy
Victory Day (День Победы) by David Fyodorovich Tukhmanov
Mobile Column
General Miloradovich (Марш "Генерал Милорадович") by Valery Khalilov
Triumph of the Winners (Триумф Победителей)
"Katyusha" () by Matvey Blanter
March Victory (Марш «Победа») by Albert Mikhailovich Arutyunov
Ballad of a Soldier (Баллада о Солдате) by Vasily Pavlovich Solovyov-Sedoy
Flypast Column
Air March (Авиамарш) by Yuliy Abramovich Khait
March Airplanes – First of all (Марш "Первым делом самолёты") by Vasili-Solovyov-Sedoi
Air March (Авиамарш) by Yuliy Abramovich Khait
Conclusion
Long Live our State (Да здравствует наша держава) by Boris Alexandrov
Song of the Russian Army (Песня о Российской Армии) by Alexander Alexandrov
Criticism
The parade has been criticized for returning to the Cold War-like display of weapons. Upon receiving personal criticism, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin stated the following: "This is not saber-rattling. We do not threaten anyone and are not going to do this, we do not impose anything on anyone". The military also allocated more than 1.3 billion rubles to the parade, many of which included the stones and asphalt concrete pavement for the mobile column, which came under criticism by opposition sources as well.
References
External links
Parade repetition photos
Aviation photos
Moscow Victory Day Parades
Moscow Victory Day Parade
Articles containing video clips
2008 in military history
2008 in Moscow
May 2008 events in Russia |
17339378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e%20Fran%C3%A7ais%20du%20Caire | Lycée Français du Caire | Lycée Français du Caire (LFC) is the French International School in Cairo.
Organization
Structure
There are three primary campuses, with one each in Maadi, New Cairo City, and Zamalek. The secondary classes are held in a campus in El Merag.
References
External links
Lycée Français du Caire website
Le site des anciens du Lycée Français du Caire website
The unofficial student newspaper
The Facebook page supporting the suspended teacher
International schools in Cairo
International schools in Greater Cairo
Cairo
Private schools in Cairo |
17339404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix%20du%20combattant%20volontaire | Croix du combattant volontaire | The Croix du combattant volontaire (Volunteer combatant cross) may refer to one of three French military decorations rewarding soldiers who spontaneously chose to serve with a fighting unit.
Croix du combattant volontaire 1914–1918 (Combatant Volunteer Cross 1914–1918) recognizes those who have volunteered to serve on the front in a combat unit during World War I.
Croix du combattant volontaire de la Résistance (Combatant Volunteer Cross of the Resistance) recognizes those who fought in one of the resistance groups, or have been deported or interned for acts of the Resistance, or have been killed or injured in acts of resistance during World War II.
Volunteer combatant's cross, originally awarded to those who volunteered to serve in a combat unit during World War II, but continued since
Military awards and decorations of France
Civil awards and decorations of France |
17339405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha-an | Sha-an | Sha-an is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20the%20Resistance%20Volunteer%20Combatant | Cross of the Resistance Volunteer Combatant | The Cross of the Resistance Volunteer Combatant () is a French decoration that recognizes, as its name implies, those who fought in one of the resistance groups, or who were deported or interned for acts of resistance, or who were killed or injured while taking parts in acts of resistance against the German occupation forces during World War II. This award was created by a special law in 1954 and awarded to those who had been designated and issued cards certifying them as voluntary resistance fighters.
Award statute
The Croix du combattant volontaire de la Résistance was created to honour those who voluntarily participated in acts of resistance, or by participating with a recognized resistance group, during which they put their lives at risk. It was issued to all cardholders of voluntary resistance fighter created in 1949, which itself is obtained using the following criteria:
Holders of the a card Resistant-Deported or Interned-Resistant.
Those executed, killed or injured in an act of resistance.
Those who were members of a resistance group, recognized as a fighting unit and who actually fought at least 90 days in the French Forces Combattantes (FFC) or French Forces of the Interior ( FFI) or the French Resistance Interior (RFI).
The people who have belonged for 90 days before June 6, 1944, the FFC, FFI, or RFI in an area occupied by the enemy, and have affidavits from two persons well known for their activity in the French Resistance.
The Croix du Combattant Volontaire de la Résistance is not considered a war decoration, but is taken into account when reviewing applications for, firstly, the Croix du combattant volontaire 1939–1945 and secondly, the rank of Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur (for quotas reserved for former resistance fighters).
A 1989 law removed all previously enacted time constraints for application of the status of resistance volunteer combatant.
Award description
The Cross of the Resistance Volunteer Combatant, a design of engraver Frédéric de Vernon, is a 36 mm wide cross pattée made of gilt bronze. On the obverse, over the central medallion of the cross, a relief Cross of Lorraine overflowing onto the four cross arms which are covered in laurel leaves. On the reverse, the relief inscription on three lines on the central medallion COMBATTANT VOLONTAIRE RÉSISTANCE.
The cross is suspended by a ring through a suspension loop which is an integral part of the top of the upper cross arm. It hangs from a 36 mm wide black silk moiré ribbon with 5 mm wide red vertical edge stripes, it is further divided by four vertical 1 mm wide green stripes, two at centre spaced 2 mm apart and one on each side 2 mm from the red edge stripes.
Notable recipients (partial list)
Resistance fighter Paul Rivière
Resistance leader captain André Girard
Resistance leader Maxime Blocq-Mascart
Resistance fighter Léon Weil
Resistance leader Andrée Peel
Lieutenant-colonel Marius Guyot
Resistance fighter René Martin
Master corporal André Verrier
Resistance fighter Georges Toupet
Father Maurice Cordier
Resistance fighter Paul Gosset
Junior lieutenant Louis Cortot
Resistance fighter René Renard
Film maker resistance fighter Jean Devaivre
Jewish resistance fighter Yvette Lévy
Resistance fighter Henri Gallet
Resistance fighter Georges Caussanel
Resistance leader Roger Taillefer
Resistance fighter Didier Eloy
Major Yves de Daruvar
Resistance fighter Hélène Berthaud
Hilaire du Berrier
See also
French Resistance
Battle of France
Free France
Liberation of Paris
Ribbons of the French military and civil awards
External links
Museum of the Legion of Honour
References
Civil awards and decorations of France
Military awards and decorations of France
Awards established in 1953
French Resistance |
44497322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffer%20Mafoumbi | Christoffer Mafoumbi | Christoffer Henri Mafoumbi (born 3 March 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Mosta in the Maltese Premier League. Born in France, Mafoumbi represents the Congo national football team.
Club career
Born in Roubaix, Mafoumbi joined Lille OSC's youth setup in 2005, aged 11. In 2010, he moved to RC Lens, being later assigned to the reserves in Championnat de France amateur the following year.
Mafoumbi made his senior debut on 26 May 2012, starting in a goalless home draw against AC Amiens. On 12 April 2013, he appeared with the main squad in a goalless away draw against SM Caen for the Ligue 2 championship, but remained as an unused substitute.
On 23 July 2014, Mafoumbi joined US Le Pontet, also in CFA.
On 25 November 2015, Mafoumbi signed a contract with Bulgarian side Vereya.
On 20 July 2017, Mafoumbi signed a two-year contract with English League One side Blackpool.
He joined League Two club Morecambe on loan for the second half of the 2019–20 season on 15 January 2020.
Mafoumbi was released by Blackpool in June 2020.
International career
Mafoumbi made his international debut for Congo on 12 October 2012, playing the entire second half in a 0–3 friendly loss against Egypt. On 8 January 2015, he was included in Claude Le Roy's 23-man squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations. Mafoumbi made his debut in the competition on 17 January, starting in a 1–1 draw against Equatorial Guinea.
Mafoumbi started the first two games of Congo's appearance at the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
Lens official profile
1994 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Roubaix
Republic of the Congo footballers
Republic of the Congo international footballers
French footballers
French sportspeople of Republic of the Congo descent
Association football goalkeepers
US Pontet Grand Avignon 84 players
FC Vereya players
Blackpool F.C. players
Morecambe F.C. players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
French expatriate footballers
Republic of the Congo expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate footballers in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
French expatriate sportspeople in England
Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in England
Black French sportspeople
Footballers from Hauts-de-France |
20471881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma%20Moodie | Alma Moodie | Alma Mary Templeton Moodie (12 September 18987 March 1943) was an Australian violinist who established an excellent reputation in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. She was regarded as the foremost female violinist during the inter-war years, and she premiered violin concertos by Kurt Atterberg, Hans Pfitzner and Ernst Krenek. She and Max Rostal were regarded as the greatest proponents of the Carl Flesch tradition. She became a teacher at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. However, Alma Moodie made no recordings, and she appears in very few reference sources. Despite her former renown, her name became virtually unknown for many years. She appeared in earlier editions of Grove's and Baker's Dictionaries, but does not appear in the more recent editions.
Biography
Alma Mary Templeton Moodie was born on 12 September 1898 in regional Queensland, Australia, the daughter of William Templeton Moodie and his wife Susan (née McClafferty). Some sources say she was born in Mount Morgan, others in Rockhampton.
She was an only child. Her father, an ironmonger from Ayrshire, Scotland, died on 9 July 1899, when she was less than one year old. Her mother, a music teacher, was the daughter of Irish immigrants.
She studied violin at Mount Morgan, being taught initially by her widowed mother from a very young age, and from the age of 5 by Louis D’Hage in Rockhampton. She appeared in public recitals at age 6 – a performance in Rockhampton in October 1904 was described by a local reporter from The Morning Bulletin, "Her rendering of Renard's 'Berceuse,' accompanied on the piano by Herr Hage, showed the possibility of surprising musical gifts being developed at an extremely young age. The executive ability displayed in this, and an encore piece – 'Canzonetta' (Daube) – was certainly remarkable." In 1905 she passed her violin examinations with distinction achieving the maximum score.
In 1907, aged 9, she gained a scholarship to the Brussels Conservatory, where she studied with Oskar Back for three years, under the general guidance of César Thomson (later, when she had achieved fame, Back and Thomson would both claim to have been her primary teacher). She was accompanied by her mother, who remained with her until her death when Alma was aged 20. In 1913 she was recommended to Max Reger, who, after hearing her play, wrote to his patron Duke George of Sachsen-Meiningen:
In Meiningen, Eisenach and Hildburghausen Alma Moodie played concertos with Reger conducting, and she appeared in recital with him. Reger also recommended her to other concert organisers. In 1914, he dedicated to her his Präludium und Fuge for solo violin, Op. 131a, No. 4. The Regers had no children, and Max and Alma became like father and daughter for some time. Her mother had planned to return to Australia, leaving Alma in the care of Max and Elsa Reger, but the start of World War I meant she could not leave Europe. The Moodies stayed in Meiningen for the first few months of the war, and then moved to Brussels. Reger died in 1916, without ever seeing Alma again. Times were very hard in Brussels for Alma and her mother. Alma became thin and ill, and claimed she did not touch her violin for four years. Her mother died of consumption or influenza in the spring of 1918.
Alma returned to Germany in October 1918, where she lived in a 12th-century castle in the Harz mountains as ward of Fürst Christian Ernst zu Stolberg und Wernigerode. It is not known how she came to be associated with him. However, it was while here that she met her future husband. She wanted to resume her violin playing, which had badly deteriorated during the war, and made contact with Carl Flesch in November 1919, who agreed to accept her as a pupil. She continued having lessons with Flesch throughout her travelling career and after the birth of her son. Flesch had a special fondness for Alma Moodie (he wrote 'amongst all the pupils in my course I liked Alma Moodie best').
She made Germany her home, and never returned to Australia. In Berlin on 6 November 1919, with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under Max von Schillings, she premiered the Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 7 of Kurt Atterberg. In the 1922–23 season, she played ninety concerts, seventy of them in seven months, in a tour that took her to Switzerland, Italy, Paris, Berlin, and 'the Orient'.
From 1922 (or earlier), the Swiss businessman Werner Reinhart became a driving force in her career and she became a regular visitor to his homes in Winterthur and other places, where she came into contact with most of the prominent names in the contemporary music scene of the day. It was Reinhart who gave her a Guarnerius violin that had previously been owned by Fritz Kreisler. Through Reinhart, in 1923 she met the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, who was greatly impressed with her playing. He wrote in a letter: "What a sound, what richness, what determination. That and the "Sonnets to Orpheus", those were two strings of the same voice. And she plays mostly Bach! Muzot has received its musical christening...." And it was through Reinhart that she attended and performed at many of the International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM)'s festivals.
She championed the music of Hans Pfitzner and he dedicated his Violin Concerto in B minor, Op. 34 (1923) to her. She premiered it in Nuremberg, on 4 June 1924, with the composer conducting. Moodie became its leading exponent, and performed it over 50 times in Germany with conductors such as Pfitzner, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Hans Knappertsbusch, Hermann Scherchen, Karl Muck, Carl Schuricht, and Fritz Busch. At that time, the Pfitzner concerto was considered the most important addition to the violin concerto repertoire since the first concerto of Max Bruch, although it has slipped from the repertoire of most violinists these days.
Between 1921 and her death in 1943, Alma Moodie often appeared with the Latvian pianist and composer Eduard Erdmann, for example in Pfitzner's Violin Sonata, which was dedicated to Moodie. Erdmann's own Sonata for Solo Violin, Op. 12 (1921) was dedicated to her, and she premiered it in Berlin in October 1921. The Australian-English critic Walter J. Turner wrote of a recital he heard them play in London in April 1934, 'it was the best violin piano duo that I have ever heard'. Their last concert together was given on 4 March 1943, three days before her death, when they were in the middle of the cycle of Beethoven sonatas.
Ernst Krenek married Anna Mahler (the daughter of Gustav Mahler) in March 1924, when Krenek was completing his Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 29. Alma Moodie assisted Krenek, not with the scoring of the violin part, but with getting financial assistance from Werner Reinhart at a time when there was hyper-inflation in Germany. In gratitude, Krenek dedicated the concerto to Moodie, and she premiered it on 5 January 1925, in Dessau. In the meantime, Krenek's marriage to Anna Mahler had collapsed, and their divorce became final a few days after the premiere. Krenek did not attend the premiere, but he did have an affair with Moodie which has been described as "short-lived and complicated". He never managed to hear her play the concerto, but he did "immortalize some aspects of her personality in the character of Anita in his opera Jonny spielt auf". Krenek also dedicated his Sonata for Solo Violin, Op. 33 to Alma Moodie in 1924.
Igor Stravinsky arranged a suite of excerpts from Pulcinella for violin and piano, calling it "Suite from themes, fragments and pieces by Pergolesi". Alma Moodie premiered it with the composer in Frankfurt on 25 November 1925, and they played it on a number of other public occasions. They also played it at Werner Reinhart's home in Winterthur. Stravinsky described her as "excellent". He may also have intended a pair of arrangements from The Firebird with Moodie in mind.
Arthur Nikisch wrote of her to Carl Flesch from Leipzig in December 1925: "For me, this girl is a phenomenon artistically so delightful that I regard it as my natural duty to promote the interests of this blessed creature as much as I am able". Leopold Auer also heard her and held her in very high regard.
Alma Moodie was considered one of the most important interpreters of Brahms's works for violin. Hermann Reutter quotes her as saying "One must be at least forty to understand the greatness and depth of expression in Brahms' music." Reutter participated in many concerts with Alma Moodie, and dedicated his Rhapsodie for violin and piano, Op. 51 (1939), to her.
On 18 December 1927, she married Alexander Balthasar Alfred Spengler, a German lawyer, becoming the third of his six wives, and they had two children. They initially lived in Cologne. He was indifferent to her career, and she was tired from incessant travelling, so she performed less often after that. She taught violin at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, where she continued Carl Flesch's teaching tradition. Her students included Günter Kehr, Maria Thomán (daughter of István Thomán), Leah Luboschutz, May Harrison, Irma Seyde and Thelma Given.
Spengler was often travelling abroad; when he was home, he was demanding and unfaithful. Alma took to drinking and smoking, and found that she needed sleeping pills; later, her bow arm started to tremble uncontrollably, leading to more drinking and more sleeping pills.
Alma Moodie died on 7 March 1943, aged 44, during an air raid on Frankfurt, although the bombs were not the cause of her death. A doctor reported that she died accidentally of a thrombosis brought on by the mixture of alcohol and pills she had taken, but a number of her close friends believed her death to be suicide. Her obituary by the critic Karl Holl concluded: "Her violin playing has been silenced. But it leaves behind a ring of rare purity. Her name will always remain as that of a feminine personality in the history of music".
Concerto performances
In addition to the performances mentioned above, Alma Moodie's appearances included:
Bach Double Violin Concerto in D minor
with Georg Kulenkampff and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (BPO) (15 December 1927)
with Riele Queling and the BPO under Wilhelm Furtwängler (Berlin, December 1933)
Bach Concerto in E major
at the Musikkollegium (Winterthur, 25 October 1922)
with Furtwängler (Hamburg, 1933)
Brahms Concerto in D major:
with the Meininger Hofkapelle under Max Reger (Eisenach, 6 December 1913; Hildburghausen, 7 December; Meiningen, 9 December; at these concerts she also played Reger's Suite im alten Stil, Op. 93, with the composer at the piano)
under Volkmar Andreae (Zürich, November 1921)
with the London Symphony Orchestra under Bruno Walter (London)
Busoni concerto (London, 1934) (this is possibly the same occasion as her appearance in London on 12 April 1934 with the London Philharmonic Orchestra under Sir Thomas Beecham)
Dvořák Concerto in A minor (Duisburg, October 1921; Carl Flesch made a detour in his own touring schedule just to hear her)
Glazunov Concerto in A minor with Furtwängler (Vienna, November 1921)
Lalo Symphonie espagnole, BPO (Berlin, 12 December 1919)
Mendelssohn Concerto in E minor with Furtwängler (Leipzig, 1923)
Mozart "D major concerto" (this could refer to either No. 2 or No. 4) under Peter Hagel, BPO (Berlin, 12 December 1919)
Paganini D major concerto under Max von Schillings, BPO (Berlin, 6 November 1919)
Pfitzner Concerto in B minor (Berlin and Leipzig 1924; her 50th performance was in Flensburg, March 1929; Gewandhaus, Leipzig, January 1935)
Max von Schillings's Violin Concerto, Op. 25, composer conducting BPO (Berlin, 12 December 1919)
Posthumous recognition
In 1943, Karl Höller wrote his Violin Sonata No. 2 in G minor, Op. 33 in memory of Alma Moodie.
The Australian composer David Osborne wrote a violin concerto titled Pictures of Alma, which was premiered on 30 May 2010 by Rochelle Bryson and the Raga Dolls Salon Orchestra, at the Iwaki Auditorium, ABC Southbank Centre, Melbourne. Osborne explained in a pre-performance interview broadcast on ABC Classic FM that the work sought to depict Alma Moodie in music at various stages of her life. He named it Pictures of Alma as he understood there were no surviving pictures of her, but he has since learned there are.
References
Further reading
Dreyfus, Kay (2013). Bluebeard's Bride: Alma Moodie, violinist. Parkwood, Victoria: Lyrebird Press. .
External links
1898 births
1943 deaths
People from Rockhampton
Australian classical violinists
Australian expatriates in Germany
Royal Conservatory of Brussels alumni
Hoch Conservatory faculty
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century Australian musicians
Women classical violinists
20th-century women musicians
Drug-related deaths in Germany
Deaths from thrombosis |
17339412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shachinpok | Shachinpok | Shachinpok is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELH%20%28disambiguation%29 | ELH (disambiguation) | ELH may refer to:
ELH, a literary academic journal
Czech Extraliga (Czech: ), a Czech ice hockey league
Eastlake High School (Chula Vista, California), a four-year high school
El Hugeirat language
Elh Kmer (born 1995), Cameroon-born French rapper
Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary
North Eleuthera Airport, on Eleuthera, Bahamas |
20471882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Jones%20%28cricketer%29 | Ronald Jones (cricketer) | Ronald Jones (9 September 1938 – 30 April 2019) was an English cricketer who played a single game of first-class cricket, for Worcestershire against Cambridge University in 1955, in which he scored 2 and 23.
Notes
References
English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
1938 births
2019 deaths
Cricketers from Wolverhampton |
6903335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehdi%20Rahmati | Mehdi Rahmati | Seyed Mehdi Rahmati Oskuei (; born February 3, 1983) is an Iranian football coach and former player who currently manages Aluminium Arak in the Persian Gulf Pro League. He played for the Iran national team between 2004 and 2013.
Club career
Early career
Rahmati started his professional career with Fajr Sepasi in 2000, he stayed for four years at the club and made 40 appearances before transferring to Sepahan. After only one season with Sepahan, Rahmati again transferred, this time to Esteghlal. Although he had good performance in the Esteghlal squad, Vahid Talebloo had better performances and he proved himself as the number one keeper for Esteghlal
Rahmati again left this time to Mes Kerman where he played very well. He continued performing well in Mes and helped the club qualify for the AFC Champions League for the first time in the club's history. Persepolis showed some interest on him but he reject the bid.
Sepahan
On July 14, 2009, Rahmati signed a two-year contract with Sepahan for an approximate sum of $450,000 turning down an offer from Norwegian club Rosenborg BK. At Sepahan he was the first choice keeper for the entire season and one of the most important players that helped the club win the league. He repeated the same feat with Sepahan the next season, he was regarded as the league's best goalkeeper after his performances with Sepahan.
Esteghlal
He joined Esteghlal in July 2011 where he won the Hazfi Cup in the first season. He extended his contract for another season on June 18, 2012. On April 12, 2013, Rahmati achieved a recorded twenty-four clean sheets, equalling with Iker Casillas in a season. He also helped his team to win league title after four years. At the end of the season, he extended his contract with the club. After the retirement of Farhad Majidi, Rahmati was named as Esteghlal's captain.
Paykan
On June 18, 2014, Rahmati left Esteghlal and joined Paykan for $1.5 million, signing a two-year contract. He played his first match for Paykan in 3-4 home loss to Tractor Sazi Tabriz F.C in 2014 Shohada Cup
Return to Esteghlal
On June 29, 2015, Rahmati returned to his former club Esteghlal on a one-year contract.
In 2018 he won the Hazfi Cup with Esteghlal. He holds the record for the most Appearance in Persian gulf league and is the first player who appeared in 18 consecutive seasons in Persian gulf league . Considered one of the best goalkeepers in Asia, He also holds the record of most clean sheet in Persian gulf league with (180).
Padideh
On June 16, 2019, Rahmati joined Padideh on a two-year contract.
International career
He was part of the Iran national team in 2004 AFC Asian Cup but he did not play any match. He won the 2004 West Asian Football Federation Championship with Team Melli. He was again part of the team in 2007 AFC Asian Cup but he did not play any match again. Since the start of the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification, he has been the number one keeper for Team Melli. He also played for Team Melli in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup qualification. He was one of the best players for Iran in 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification and 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification where his saves played an important role. Rahmati was the first choice keeper in West Asian Football Federation Championship 2010 and 2011 Asian Cup.
Retirement
On January 20, 2012, Mehdi Rahmati announced his temporary retirement from the national team, he stated in an interview "Maybe I cannot be at the service of Team Melli, so I temporarily announce my resignation." He added, "Due to some problems, I prefer not to say anything for the time being, but I have to say just one thing that I am not at the service of Team Melli for a while."
After the announcement Iran national team coach Carlos Queiroz made a comment that he respected Rahmati's decision and would not invite him any more. Many in the Iranian FA tried to convince him to invite Rahmati again but Queiroz said that he was not involved in the decision and he could not see any reason to negotiate this matter with Rahmati.
In March 2013 Rahmati made a comment that Queiroz should not be the coach of Iran and the best he could do was to help as the assistant. At the end of the season Rahmati apologised to the Iranian people but not Queiroz personally in Navad TV show. Before the final three matches in June 2013 for the World cup qualifications it was rumoured that the Iranian FA and Queiroz asked him to sign an apology letter provided by them which he refused. A month later in July 2013, Hadi Aghili revealed that Rahmati told him not to sign the apology and they will beg us to return after they lose the first match which did not happen. However Rahmati was present in Training Camp in October 2014, but he was never called for an international match.
Personal life
Rahmati's family is Tat Persian Iranian Azerbaijani from the Osku city of East Azerbaijan Province.
Mehdi Rahmati married in 2004. He has two children, Ali and Ata.
Career statistics
Managerial record
Honours
Fajr Sepasi
Hazfi Cup: 2000–01
Sepahan
Iran Pro League: 2009–10, 2010–11
Esteghlal
Iran Pro League: 2005–06, 2012–13
Hazfi Cup: 2011–12, 2017–18
Iran U23
Asian Games Gold Medal: 2002
Iran
WAFF Championship: 2004
Individual
Football Iran News & Events
Goalkeeper of the year (2007–08, 2012–13)
Iran Football Federation Award
Goalkeeper of the year (2007–08, 2012–13)
Iran Football Federation Award
Player of the season (2012–13) (Second)
References
External links
Seyed Mehdi Rahmati Official Website
Mehdi Rahmati at PersianLeague.com
Mehdi Rahmati at TeamMelli.com
1983 births
Living people
Iranian footballers
Iranian Azerbaijanis
Association football goalkeepers
Fajr Sepasi players
Sepahan S.C. footballers
Esteghlal F.C. players
Sanat Mes Kerman F.C. players
Shahr Khodro F.C. players
Iran under-20 international footballers
Iran international footballers
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Asian Games gold medalists for Iran
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Azadegan League players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Iranian football managers
Shahr Khodro F.C. managers
People from Shiraz
Sportspeople from Fars province |
6903341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLF | FLF | FLF may refer to:
Flensburg-Schäferhaus Airport, in Germany
Flowery Field railway station, in England
Freedom Leadership Foundation, a project of the Unification movement of Sun Myung Moon
Frontline Force, a mod for the computer game Half-Life
La Fayette-class frigate
Luxembourg Football Federation (French: ) |
44497332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Francisco%20Church%20%28Manila%29 | San Francisco Church (Manila) | The San Francisco Church (Spanish:Iglesia de San Francisco) is a defunct church along San Francisco and Solana Streets in the walled city of Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. The church, which used to be the center of the Franciscan missions in the Philippines, was destroyed during the Second World War. The site has been occupied by Mapúa University since the war.
History
When the Franciscans arrived in the Philippines in 1578, they built a church made of nipa, bamboo and wood, which was inaugurated on August 2 and was dedicated to the Our Lady of Angels. On November 5, 1739, the cornerstone of a new stone church was laid. It was destroyed in the bombings of Manila during the Second World War. The statue of Saint Anthony of Padua in the courtyard of Santuario de San Antonio in Forbes Park, Makati, was the lone survivor of the ravages of the war. Since World War II, the site has been occupied by the Mapúa Institute of Technology.
See also
San Ignacio Church of Intramuros
Notes
Bibliography
Roman Catholic churches in Manila
Buildings and structures in Intramuros
Former buildings and structures in Manila
Destroyed churches
Francisco Manila |
6903348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saky%20Municipality | Saky Municipality | The Saky City Municipality (, translit. Saks'ka mis'krada) is one of the 25 regions of the Crimean Peninsula, currently subject to a territorial dispute between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The region is located on the western coast of Crimea on the Black Sea's shore. Its administrative centre is the city of Saky. In 2014, the population stood at 25,146.
Unlike in the other regions and municipalities of Crimea which contain a number of other settlements under its jurisdiction, the Saky municipality only consists of its administrative center Saky.
Name
The Saky City Municipality is also known by two other native official names; in Russian as Sakskiy gorsovet (), and in Crimean Tatar as . Colloquially, the municipality is known as "the territory governed by the Saky City Council" ().
Administrative divisions
Within the framework of administrative divisions of Russia, Saky is, together with a number of rural localities, incorporated separately as the "town of republican significance of Saki"—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republican significance of Saki is incorporated as "Saki Urban Okrug".
Within the framework of administrative divisions of Ukraine, Saky is incorporated as the "town of republican significance of Saky". Ukraine does not have municipal divisions.
Government
The Saky City Council's members are elected every four years, with 21 councillors elected in single-mandate districts, and 21 councillors in a multiple mandate district.
Demographics
The Saky municipality's population was 28,522 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 25,146 in 2014 according to the 2014 Crimean Census.
The region's nationality composition in the 2001 census was:
Russians – 65.1 percent
Ukrainians – 24.3 percent
Crimean Tatars – 5.8 percent
All other nationalities – 4.8 percent.
References
External links
Municipalities of Crimea |
6903376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila%20Lerwill | Sheila Lerwill | Sheila W. Lerwill (born 16 August 1928) is a British athlete who competed mainly in the high jump.
She broke the World record for women's high jump on 7 July 1951 in London with a jump of 1.72 meters, beating the previous record of 1.71 meters set by Fanny Blankers-Koen of the Netherlands on 30 May 1943 in Amsterdam. The record was broken on 22 May 1954 by Aleksandra Chudina of the USSR in Kiev with a jump of 1.73 meters. She competed for Great Britain in the high jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics, held in Helsinki, Finland, where she won the silver medal with a jump of 1.65 metres. It was Britain's best athletics medal at the games.
References
1928 births
Living people
British female high jumpers
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Olympic athletes of Great Britain
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Commonwealth Games competitors for England |
6903378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendovi%20Island | Vendovi Island | Vendovi Island is an island in the San Juan Islands of Washington State. Located in Skagit County, Washington, United States, Vendovi Island lies across Samish Bay from mainland Skagit County, between Guemes Island and Lummi Island. Vendovi Island has a land area of and a population of two persons was reported as of the 2000 census. The Island was named after a Fijian High Chief Ro Veidovi who was brought to North America by the Wilkes Expedition.
The San Juan Preservation Trust, a land trust that conserves open space in the San Juan Islands, purchased the island in December 2010 from the family of John Fluke Sr.
References
Vendovi Island: Block 1000, Census Tract 9501, Skagit County, Washington United States Census Bureau
Islands of Skagit County, Washington
Islands of Washington (state)
Protected areas of Skagit County, Washington
San Juan Islands |
23578738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple%20J%20Hottest%20100%2C%202009 | Triple J Hottest 100, 2009 | The 2009 Triple J's Hottest 100 Volume 17, was announced on Australia Day 26 January 2010. It is the seventeenth countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J.
Voting commenced on Boxing Day, 26 December 2009, and closed on 17 January 2010. 1.1 million votes were received, a record number.
Controversy began when it was rumoured that the winner had been unintentionally leaked by the ABC. The ABC Shop website promoted the February issue of Jmag with a description stating "Topping the 2009 countdown is Mumford & Sons' 'Little Lion Man'". Triple J neither confirmed nor denied the rumour with some even claiming it was a hoax, amounting to a clever marketing campaign. The leak led Sportingbet Australia to close all betting on the countdown. The leak proved to be accurate. For the first time, the number one song was performed live on air by the winning artist, Mumford & Sons, from Triple J studios, followed by the studio version of the song.
Full list
Note: Australian artists
101 was "(Ain't) Telling the Truth" by Bluejuice.
Artists with multiple entries
Four entries
Muse (9, 19, 35, 84)
Florence and the Machine (10, 44, 45, 90)
Three entries
Kasabian (17, 51, 85)
The Temper Trap (21, 48, 58)
Flight of the Conchords (24, 30, 86)
Sia (Two solo and one with Flight of the Conchords) (24, 50, 72)
Two entries
Mumford & Sons (1, 81)
Art vs. Science (2, 74)
Hilltop Hoods (3, 37)
Phoenix (4, 13)
La Roux (6, 27)
Lily Allen (8, 60)
Yeah Yeah Yeahs (11, 25)
Dizzee Rascal (12, 80)
Passion Pit (20, 38)
Vampire Weekend (22, 52)
The Bloody Beetroots (23, 43)
Sarah Blasko (28, 29)
Karnivool (47, 63)
Bertie Blackman (71, 93)
The Middle East (64, 87)
Regina Spektor (94, 97)
Dave Grohl (Once with Them Crooked Vultures and once with the Foo Fighters) (98, 100)
Countries represented
: 37
: 29
: 23
: 4
: 3
: 2
: 2
: 1
The 37 Australian songs is the fewest since 1997.
This was the first year to not feature an artist from USA in the top 10.
Top 20 Albums of 2009
Bold indicates winner. Sarah Blasko won the J Award for As Day Follows Night.
Nations represented
– 7
– 7
– 4
– 1
– 1
CD release
Triple J's Hottest 100 Volume 17 is the compilation featuring the best of the Top 100 voted tracks on two CDs.
Notes
References
Official list from abc.net.au
2009 in Australian music
Australia Triple J Hottest 100
2009 |
44497333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20S.%20L.%20Swamy | K. S. L. Swamy | Kikkeri Shamanna Lakshminarasimha Swamy (21 February 1939 – 20 October 2015), popularly known as K. S. L. Swamy / Lalitha Ravee / Ravee, was an Indian film director, producer, actor and playback singer. He entered cinema at an early age as an assistant to popular directors of the time such as G. V. Iyer and M. R. Vittal. He debuted as an independent film director with the 1966 film, Thoogudeepa. His other films such as Gandhinagara (1968) and Bhagya Jyothi (1975) and Malaya Marutha (1986) proved successful. His 1989 film Jamboo Savari won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film at the 37th National Film Awards.
Swamy was a close associate of director Puttanna Kanagal, and completed two of his films – Masanada Hoovu (1984) and the long delayed Saavira Mettilu that released in 2006, following the latter's death, which also turned out be his own last directorial venture. Recognizing his contribution to cinema, Swamy was awarded the Dr. B. Saroja Devi National Award in 2013. He was married to actress B. V. Radha.
Swamy was also an adept singer well known for the track "Suryangu Chandrangu" for the film Shubhamangala and "Ille Swarga Ille Naraka" for Nagarahole. Swamy died on 20 October 2015 due to breathing complications at Bangalore.
Filmography
As director
Thoogudeepa (1966)
Lagna Pathrike (1967)
Gandhinagara (1968)
Bhagyada Bagilu (1968)
Manku Dinne (1968)
Anna Thamma (1968)
Arishina Kumkuma (1970)
Lakshmi Saraswathi (1970)
Aaru Mooru Ombhatthu (1970)
Bhale Adrushtavo Adrushta (1971)
Sri Krishna Rukmini Satyabhama (1971)
Kulla Agent 000 (1972)
Devaru Kotta Thangi (1973)
CID 72 (1973)
Bhagya Jyothi (1975)
Makkala Bhagya (1976)
Thulasi (1976)
Devara Duddu (1977)
Maagiya Kanasu (1977)
Mugdha Manava (1977)
Banashankari (1977)
Aluku (1977)
Driver Hanumanthu (1980)
Bhoomige Banda Bhagavantha (1981)
Jimmy Gallu (1982)
Matthe Vasantha (1983)
Kranthiyogi Basavanna (1983)
Mutthaide Bhagya (1983)
Karune Illada Kanoonu (1983)
Huli Hejje (1984)
Pithamaha (1985)
Malaya Marutha (1986)
Mithileya Seetheyaru (1988)
Jambu Savari (1989)
Harakeya Kuri (1992)
Maha Edabidangi (1999)
Savira Mettilu (2006)... co-directed
References
Further reading
External links
1939 births
2015 deaths
Male actors from Bangalore
Kannada screenwriters
Kannada film directors
Kannada film producers
Indian male playback singers
Indian male film actors
20th-century Indian film directors
People from Mandya district
Film directors from Bangalore
Singers from Karnataka
Film producers from Bangalore
Producers who won the Best Children's Film National Film Award
Directors who won the Best Children's Film National Film Award
Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2004 |
6903380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taisia%20Chenchik | Taisia Chenchik | Taisiya Filipivna Chenchik (; 30 January 1936 – 19 November 2013) was a Soviet high jumper. She competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and finished fifth and third, respectively. At the European championships she won a gold medal in 1966 and a silver in 1958. Chenchik also won the high jump event at the 1963 Universiade, 1967 European Indoor Championships, USSR-USA dual meets (1958–59, 1962–63, 1965) and Soviet championships (1957–59 and 1962).
Chenchik was born in Ukraine in 1936. In 1941, when Germany invaded Ukraine during World War II, her family was evacuated to Chelyabinsk. There she took up athletics while studying at the Chelyabinsk Polytechnic Institute. In 1959 she graduated in electrical engineering, and then worked as a lecturer at the same institute (1959–62) and at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (1963–91). In retirement she headed Moscow Veteran’s Athletics Federation and was a board member of the Moscow Athletics Federation.
References
1936 births
Soviet female high jumpers
Ukrainian female high jumpers
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of the Soviet Union
Burevestnik (sports society) athletes
2013 deaths
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Medalists at the 1963 Summer Universiade
Sportspeople from Chernihiv Oblast |
23578746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuglow%20River | Tuglow River | The Tuglow River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Tuglow River rises on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range south of Shooters Hill, and flows generally south southeast and then northeast, before reaching its confluence with the Kowmung River, near its junction with the Hollanders River. The river descends over its course.
In its lower reaches, the river adjoins Nattai National Park.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Central Tablelands |
44497347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Leonard%20%28bishop%29 | John Leonard (bishop) | Right Rev. John Leonard, D.D., was an Irish born priest who served in Ireland and South Africa. Born in Dublin on 15 January 1829, he matriculated in St. Patrick's College, Maynooth in 1849. He was ordained a priest in 1855 by Archbishop of Dublin Paul Cullen.
Dr. Leonard was curate at Blanchardstown, Co. Dublin, when appointed to succeed Dr. Grimley in Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cape Town, as Vicar Apostolic of the Cape of Good Home and Titular Bishop of Corada, serving from 1872 until he died on 19 February 1908, he was succeeded by Dr. John Rooney as Bishop.
References
1829 births
1908 deaths
Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth
Irish expatriate Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic bishops of Cape Town |
17339422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3a%20%28complement%29 | C3a (complement) | C3a is one of the proteins formed by the cleavage of complement component 3; the other is C3b. C3a is a 77 residue anaphylatoxin that binds to the C3a receptor (C3aR), a class A G protein-coupled receptor. It plays a large role in the immune response.
C3a molecules induce responses through the GPCR C3a receptor. Like other anaphylatoxins, C3a is regulated by cleavage of its carboxy-terminal arginine, which results in a molecule with lowered inflammatory function (C3a desarginine).
C3a is an effector of the complement system with a range of functions including T cell activation and survival, angiogenesis stimulation, chemotaxis, mast cell degranulation, and macrophage activation. It has been shown to have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, its activity able to counteract the proinflammatory effects of C5a.
Structure
C3a
C3a is a strongly basic and highly cationic 77 residue protein with a molecular mass of approximately 10 kDa. Residues 17-66 are made up of three anti-parallel helices and three disulfide bonds, which confer stability to the protein. The N-terminus consists of a fourth flexible helical structure, while the C terminus is disordered. C3a has a regulatory process and a structure homologous to complement component C5a, with which it shares 36% of its sequence identity.
Receptor
C3a induces an immunological response through a 482 residue G-protein-coupled receptor called C3aR. The C3aR is similarly structurally homologous to C5aR, but contains an extracellular domain with more than 160 amino acids. Specific binding sites for interactions between C3a and C3aR are unknown, but it has been shown that sulfation of tyrosine 174, one of the amino acids in the extracellular domain, is required for C3a binding. It has also been demonstrated that the C3aR N terminus is not required for ligand binding.
Formation
C3a formation occurs through activation and cleavage of complement component 3 in a reaction catalyzed by C3-convertase. There are three pathways of activation, each of which leads to the formation of C3a and C3b, which is involved in antigen opsonization. Other than the alternative pathway, which is constantly active, C3a formation is triggered by pathogenic infection.
Classical pathway
The classical pathway of complement activation is initiated when the C1 complex, made up of C1r and C1s serine proteases, recognizes the Fc region of IgM or IgG antibodies bound to a pathogen. C1q mediates the classical pathway by activating the C1 complex, which cleaves C4 and C2 into smaller fragments (C4a, C4b, C2a, and C2b). C4a and C2b form C4bC2b, also known as C3 convertase.
Lectin pathway
The lectin pathway is activated when pattern-recognition receptors, like mannan-binding lectin or ficolins, recognize and bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the antigen, including sugars. These bound receptors then complex with Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Proteases (MASPs), which have proteolytic activity similar to the C1 complex. The MASPs cleave C4 and C2, resulting in C3 convertase formation.
Alternative pathway
The alternative pathway of complement activation is typically always active at low levels in blood plasma through a process called tick-over, in which C3 spontaneously hydrolyzes into its active form, C3(H2O). This activation induces a conformational change in the thioester domain of C3(H2O) that allows it to bind to a plasma protein called Factor B. This complex is then cleaved by Factor D, a serine protease, to form C3b(H2O)Bb, or fluid-phase C3-convertase. This complex has the ability to catalyze the formation of C3a and C3b after it binds properdin, a globulin protein, and is stabilized.
Functions
Anaphylatoxins are small complement peptides that induce proinflammatory responses in tissues. C3a is primarily regarded for its role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as an anaphylatoxin, moderating and activating multiple inflammatory pathways.
Role in innate immunity
The roles of C3a in innate immunity, upon binding C3aR, include increased vasodilation via endothelial cell contraction, increased vascular permeability, and mast cell and basophil degranulation of histamine, induction of respiratory burst and subsequent degradation of pathogens by neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils, and regulation of cationic eosinophil protein migration, adhesion, and production. C3a is also able to play a role in chemotaxis for mast cells and eosinophils, but C5a is a more potent chemoattractant.
Traditionally thought to serve a strictly pro-inflammatory role, recent investigations have shown that C3a can also work against C5a to serve an anti-inflammatory role. In addition, migration and degranulation of neutrophils can be suppressed in the presence of C3a.
Role in adaptive immunity
C3a also plays an important role in adaptive immunity, moderating leukocyte production and proliferation. C3a is able to regulate B cell and monocyte production of IL-6 and TNF-α, and human C3a has been shown to dampen the polyclonal immune response through dose-dependent regulation of B cell molecule production. C3aR signaling along antigen-presenting cells' CD28 and CD40L pathways also plays a role in T cell proliferation and differentiation. C3aR has been shown to be necessary for TH1 cell generation and regulates TH1 IL-10 expression, while an absence of active C3aR on dendritic cells upregulates regulatory T cell production. The absence of C3 has also been shown to decrease IL-2 receptor expression on T cells.
Regulation
Regulation of complement activation
Levels of complement are regulated by moderating convertase formation and enzymatic activity. C3 convertase formation is primarily regulated by levels of active C3b and C4b. Factor I, a serine protease activated by cofactors, can cleave and C3b and C4b, thus preventing convertase formation. C3 convertase activity is also regulated without C3b inactivation, through complement control proteins, including decay-accelerating factors that function to speed up C3 convertase half-lives and avert convertase formation.
Deactivation
C3a, like other anaphylatoxins, has a C-terminal arginine residue. Serum carboxypeptidase B, a protease, cleaves the arginine residue from C3a, forming the desArg derivative of C3a, also known as acylation stimulating protein (ASP). Unlike C5a desArg, this version of C3a has no proinflammatory activity. However, ASP functions as a hormone in the adipose tissue, moderating fatty acid migration to adipocytes and triacylglycerol synthesis. In addition, it has been shown that ASP downregulates the polyclonal immune response in the same way C3a does.
References
External links
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec13/ch163/ch163d.html
Complement system |
6903382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelma%20Hopkins%20%28athlete%29 | Thelma Hopkins (athlete) | Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins (born 16 March 1936) is a Northern Irish athlete, who competed in the high and the long jump.
On 5 May 1956 she broke the world record in high jump in Belfast with a jump of 1.74 metres, breaking the record of 1.73 metres set by Aleksandra Chudina of the USSR on 22 May 1954. Her record was broken on 14 July 1956 in Bucharest by Iolanda Balaș of Romania.
Her achievement in breaking the world record is commemorated by a plaque in Cherryvale Playing Fields, South Belfast.
Hopkins was born in Kingston upon Hull. She competed for Great Britain in the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia, in the high jump event, where she won the silver medal jointly with Maria Pisareva. In the 1954 Commonwealth Games she won a gold medal for Northern Ireland.
As well as athletics she excelled at hockey where she was a regular choice for the Ireland women's national field hockey team, playing at forward and winning 40 caps. She also represented Ireland as an international Squash player.
She was one of many signatories in a letter to The Times on 17 July 1958 opposing 'the policy of apartheid' in international sport and defending 'the principle of racial equality which is embodied in the Declaration of the Olympic Games'.
References
Brown, Geoff and Hogsbjerg, Christian. Apartheid is not a Game: Remembering the Stop the Seventy Tour campaign. London: Redwords, 2020. .
1936 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kingston upon Hull
Female high jumpers from Northern Ireland
Olympic athletes of Great Britain
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Northern Ireland
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
European Athletics Championships medalists
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Ireland international women's field hockey players
Irish female field hockey players
Female field hockey players from Northern Ireland
Irish female squash players
Universiade bronze medalists for Great Britain
Medalists at the 1961 Summer Universiade |
44497353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opistophthalmus%20pugnax | Opistophthalmus pugnax | The pugnacious burrowing scorpion (Opistophthalmus pugnax) is a species of South African scorpion.
Description
These muddy-looking scorpions are characterized by corrugations on the last sternite, stiff hairs (setae), and highly recurved tarsal claws. Males have corrugations on the last two sternites. They grow up to 70 mm in length.
Distribution and habitat
A fan-shaped burrow with an enlarged part for resting or consuming prey is constructed under rocks and other surface debris. It is a very common species on rocky outcrops and ridges in the north-central Free State and Gauteng provinces of South Africa.
Behaviour
Despite its species name, it is not particularly aggressive and very rarely enters houses. The female gives birth to litters of up to 25.
References
http://www.afpmb.org/sites/default/files/pubs/guides/field_guide.pdf
Leeming, Jonathan 2003. Scorpions of southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 88pp.
Scorpionidae
Scorpions described in 1876
Scorpions of Africa |
6903384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentyna%20Kozyr | Valentyna Kozyr | Valentyna Kozyr () (born 25 April 1950) is a former Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the high jump.
Kozyr trained at Dynamo in Kiev. She competed for the USSR in the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City in the high jump where she won the bronze medal.
References
Sports Reference
1950 births
Soviet female high jumpers
Ukrainian female high jumpers
Dynamo sports society athletes
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of the Soviet Union
Living people
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Sportspeople from Chernivtsi |
17339428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20Championships | Stanford Championships | The Stanford Championships was an event in the Outback Champions Series for senior tennis players. It began in 2006 in Memphis, Tennessee, but relocated to Dallas, Texas in 2007. It is sponsored by the Stanford Financial Group.
Finals results
2006 establishments in Tennessee
Tennis tournaments in the United States
Champions Series (senior men's tennis tour)
Sports in Memphis, Tennessee
Sports in Dallas
Tennis in Tennessee
Recurring sporting events established in 2006
2008 disestablishments in Tennessee |
23578752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuross%20River | Tuross River | The Tuross River, an open semi-mature wave dominated barrier estuary or perennial stream, is located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Tuross River rises of the eastern slopes of the Kybeyan Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, below Mount Kydra on the western edge of Wadbilliga National Park, not far from Cooma. The river flows generally north, east and northeast, joined by fourteen tributaries including the Back River and Wadbilliga rivers, before spilling into Tuross Lake and reaching its mouth at the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean at Tuross Head. The river descends over its course.
The catchment area of the river is with a volume of over a surface area of , at an average depth of .
North of the town of Bodalla, the Princes Highway crosses the Tuross River.
Gallery
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Mordacia praecox
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales) |
17339432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha-on | Sha-on | Sha-on is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23578754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undowah%20River | Undowah River | The Undowah River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Undowah River rises on the southern slopes of Thoko Hill, near the locality of Bellevue, southwest of Bemboka. The river flows generally south by west, joined by one minor tributary before reaching its confluence with the Bombala River near the village of Bibbenluke, northeast of Bombala. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales |
6903386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordanka%20Blagoeva | Yordanka Blagoeva | Yordanka Blagoeva (; born 19 January 1947) is a former Bulgarian high jumper. She competed at the 1968, 1972, 1976 and 1980 Olympics and finished in 17th, 2nd (silver medal), 3rd (bronze medal) and 16th place, respectively. She won the high jump at the 1965 Summer Universiade and 1973 European Athletics Indoor Championships. On 24 September 1972 she became the first Bulgarian athlete to break a world record. Next year she also set a new indoor high jump record, and was ranked as the best high jumper in Europe.
In 1972 Blagova graduated from a Sports Academy. She later served as president of Bulgarian aerobics federation.
She is considered to be one of Bulgaria's top athletes. In 2017, when she was aged 70, the documentary film Beyond the Jump was made to cover her life and career.
References
1947 births
Bulgarian female high jumpers
People from Montana, Bulgaria
Olympic bronze medalists for Bulgaria
Olympic silver medalists for Bulgaria
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Bulgaria
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Living people
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
People from Montana Province
Universiade gold medalists for Bulgaria
Medalists at the 1965 Summer Universiade |
44497365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylebone%20Boys%27%20School | Marylebone Boys' School | Marylebone Boys' School is a free school set up by parents, teachers and local people of Marylebone in Central London. It opened on Wednesday 3 September 2014 in temporary accommodation in Priory Park Road, London NW6 7UJ, but later moved to a permanent site in North Wharf Road, near Paddington Station.
The secondary school is for boys aged 11 – 16 years, then there is a co-educational Sixth Form, 200 metres away for young adults aged 16 – 18 years.
History & Location
The main school building was opened in 2014 as a new, purpose-built secondary school, with a separate Sixth Form Centre opened in November 2021.
The school was inspected by Ofsted in 2017 and judged to be Good.
GCSE Results
75 per cent of the pupils received a grade 5-9 in English and Math, 27 per cent of all grades awarded were 9 or 8, 43 per cent of all grades awarded were 9-7. In English, 88 per cent of pupils were awarded a 9-5 grade, In Maths, 82 per cent of pupils were awarded a 9-5 grade, In Science, 76 per cent of pupils were awarded a 9-5 grade.
Notable People
The Marylebone Boys’ School Chair of Governors is Margaret Mountford.
References
External links
Boys' schools in London
Educational institutions established in 2014
Free schools in London
Secondary schools in the City of Westminster
2014 establishments in England |
6903411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warri%20Township%20Stadium | Warri Township Stadium | Warri Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Warri, Nigeria on Cemetery Road. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the regular home of former Warri Wolves F.C. The stadium hosted the final tournament for the 2006 Women's African Football Championship and has a capacity of 20,000 people, all covered. It was renovated for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
International standard track and field facilities were installed in preparation for the 2013 African Youth Athletics Championships. The Timetronics Electronic Distance Measurement system was the first of its kind to be used in the country.</ref>
References
External links
Pictures (Delta State government site)
Essien, Kanoute, Adebayor to Play in Warri for Okocha
Delta shut down Warri Stadium
Football venues in Nigeria
Delta State
Multi-purpose stadiums in Nigeria
Athletics (track and field) venues in Nigeria
Warri |
23578756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urumbilum%20River | Urumbilum River | Urumbilum River, a perennial stream of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Northern Rivers districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Urumbilum River rises on the eastern slopes of the Dorrigo Plateau, Great Dividing Range, east of Dorrigo in Bindarri National Park, and flows generally northeast and east, before reaching its confluence with the Orara River, northwest of Upper Orara. The river descends over its course; and flows through the Bindarri National Park in its upper reaches.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands
Northern Rivers |
44497383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Woodrow%20Lewis | James Woodrow Lewis | James Woodrow Lewis (1912-1999) was a chief justice on the South Carolina Supreme Court.
Lewis was born in the Swift Creek area of Darlington County, South Carolina on March 8, 1912. Although he began law school in 1931, economic conditions during the Depression forced him to return home to Swift Creek to run a country store owned by his father. He continued studying the law under the tutelage of a local lawyer, and he was admitted to practice on December 6, 1935. At the age of 22, he was elected to the Statehouse. Legislators were exempt from the draft during World War II, but he resigned in midterm to enter the military.
Lewis served for sixteen years as a trial court judge before he was elected as an associate justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court on February 21, 1961. He was elected chief justice on January 21, 1975 to fill the unexpired term of Joseph Rodney Moss; was sworn in on August 14, 1975; and served until his retirement in 1984. Chief Justice Lewis retired upon reaching the state's mandatory retirement age of 72.
References
Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
1912 births
People from Darlington County, South Carolina
1999 deaths
Chief Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
20th-century American judges |
23578759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadbilliga%20River | Wadbilliga River | The Wadbilliga River is a perennial stream of the Tuross River catchment that is located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Wadbilliga River rises on the western slopes of Mount Wadbilliga, located within Wadbilliga National Park and part of the Kybeyan Range, within the Great Dividing Range. The river flows generally north, east northeast, east by south, and then northeast, before reaching its confluence with the Tuross River, east of the locale of Belowa. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales) |
6903417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monday%20at%20the%20Hug%20%26%20Pint | Monday at the Hug & Pint | Monday at the Hug & Pint is the fifth studio album by Scottish indie rock band Arab Strap. It was released in Europe on 21 April 2003 by Chemikal Underground and in the United States a day later by Matador Records. The album features appearances from Conor Oberst and Mike Mogis of Bright Eyes and Barry Burns of Mogwai, among others.
The title of the album refers to The Hug & Pint Bar and Club, formerly located in Falkirk, Scotland. An independent live music venue, "The Hug and Pint", on the Great Western Road in Glasgow, was later named after the album.
Reception
In December 2009, Monday at the Hug & Pint placed at number 7 on The Skinny's "Scottish Albums of the Decade". Upon receiving the accolade, Malcolm Middleton stated:
The Twilight Sad vocalist James Graham lists the album amongst his favourite releases of the 2000s, noting that it was the first Arab Strap album he had listened to and the first album to make him realise that "it was OK to sing in your own accent", while praising Aidan Moffat as "one of the best lyricists of the past two decades".
Track listing
Charts
References
External links
Official Arab Strap discography
Chemikal Underground albums
Arab Strap (band) albums
2003 albums |
44497387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr%20Fluffy | Mr Fluffy | Mr Fluffy relates to widespread asbestos contamination of houses in the suburbs of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. Two companies were referred to collectively as "Mr Fluffy", a nickname coined in the 1990s for Asbestosfluf Insulations, and its successor J&H Insulation. The former was run by Canberra businessman Dirk Jansen, and the latter owned by a relative of his. The business only took on that name "Mr Fluffy" after he sold it.
The companies imported and installed fibrous, loose-fill amphibole asbestos, in most cases brown amosite from South Africa, although blue crocidolite has been detected. It was blown into the roof spaces of homes during the 1960s and 1970s, to provide thermal insulation. The companies are also believed to have sold sacks of asbestos fibre direct to home owners to insulate their own homes, and other operators may have also used the hazardous material, trying to copy Jansen's business model.
Medical dangers
At the time, there was limited public knowledge about the dangers of exposure to asbestos. Subsequently, cases of mesothelioma, asbestosis, lung cancer, and other asbestos-related diseases have become well publicised. Testing in the affected houses revealed the ongoing possibility of exposure to loose asbestos fibres. The loose-fill amosite asbestos used by Mr Fluffy was especially hazardous, because its lack of a bonding agent allowed it to migrate easily to hidden corners and cracks inside a residence.
Affected areas
In 2015, the Government of the Australian Capital Territory released a list of places affected by Mr Fluffy insulation contamination, which totalled 1,022 properties. It is believed that up to 30,000 people may have been affected over the years.
A significant number of the houses were developed in the Radburn scheme suburbs, Charnwood, Curtin and Garran, and a small part of Hughes. In 2014, with plans for demolition of houses under the Mr Fluffy asbestos home demolition scheme being developed, it was realised that a significant number of the houses treated with loose asbestos, and thus affected, were in the Radburn areas. This was recognised as having the potential to degrade the remaining legacy of the Radburn scheme.
Loose-fill asbestos has also been found in locations far removed from Canberra, including three confirmed locations in Lithgow, New South Wales, which is approximately 200 kilometres from Canberra. The New South Wales Government announced a buyback scheme for affected properties.
Dirk Jansen ran his company from his family home in Lyons and stored bags of asbestos fluff under his house.
Investigation and clean-up
Jansen started using asbestos as an insulation as early as 1967, and began using it in loose form in 1968, prompting a Commonwealth Government investigation within months. However, despite a subsequent report that indicated community exposure to asbestos was potentially "undesirable", he kept working until 1978. Jansen died in 2001 in a nursing home from a heart attack after suffering from Alzheimers for several years..
Prompted by growing public concern about the hazards of asbestos in general, and Mr Fluffy's product in particular, a Commonwealth audit in 1988 identified most of the homes in the ACT containing the insulation. Between 1989 and 1993, a clean-up program was conducted by the new ACT Government, and was thought to have remediated the problem in about 1,040 homes identified in the audit. However, residual asbestos was later found in some of the cleaned houses and others were missed altogether. That led to the creation of a community action group of affected home owners, that campaigned for a change in the policy relating to the future of their residences.
In response, a home demolition scheme was negotiated between the Government of the Australian Capital Territory and the Government of Australia in 2014. It involved a loan of about A$1 billion from the Australian Government to the ACT Government to fund the purchase of houses treated with loose-fill asbestos fibre insulation in the 1960s and 1970s, the safe demolition of those houses, and the sale of the land for redevelopment. The proceeds of the sales were to be used to assist the repayment of the loan. The first demolitions under the scheme began in July 2015. In 2021, 2 houses with Mr Fluffy asbestos insulation have been found in Canberra.
A number of heritage homes have also been affected and will be lost, including Deasland, one of Canberra's most important historic homesteads, which was built by George Harcourt in 1893 and was demolished in early 2022.
No legal case was ever brought against the Jansen family and the use of amosite asbestos was not banned in Australia until 1989.
References
External links
ACT Asbestos Taskforce
Mr Fluffy Action Group
Canberra
Asbestos disasters
Industrial accidents and incidents in Australia
Health disasters in Australia
Environmental disasters in Australia |
17339449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20immunoprecipitation%20chip | RNA immunoprecipitation chip | RIP-chip (RNA immunoprecipitation chip) is a molecular biology technique which combines RNA immunoprecipitation with a microarray. The purpose of this technique is to identify which RNA sequences interact with a particular RNA binding protein of interest in vivo. It can also be used to determine relative levels of gene expression, to identify subsets of RNAs which may be co-regulated, or to identify RNAs that may have related functions. This technique provides insight into the post-transcriptional gene regulation which occurs between RNA and RNA binding proteins.
Procedural Overview
Collect and lyse the cells of interest.
Isolate all RNA fragments and the proteins bound to them from the solution.
Immunoprecipitate the protein of interest. The solution containing the protein-bound RNAs is washed over beads which have been conjugated to antibodies. These antibodies are designed to bind to the protein of interest. They pull the protein (and any RNA fragments that are specifically bound to it) out of the solution which contains the rest of the cell contents.
Dissociate the protein-bound RNA from the antibody-bead complex. Then, use a centrifuge to separate the protein-bound RNA from the heavier antibody-bead complexes, keeping the protein-bound RNA and discarding the beads.
Disassociate the RNA from the protein of interest.
Isolate the RNA fragments from the protein using a centrifuge.
Use Reverse Transcription PCR to convert the RNA fragments into cDNA (DNA that is complementary to the RNA fragments).
Fluorescently label these cDNA fragments.
Prepare the gene chip. This is a small chip that has DNA sequences bound to it in known locations. These DNA sequences correspond to all of the known genes in the genome of the organism that the researcher is working with (or a subset of genes that the researcher is interested in). The cDNA sequences that have been collected will be complementary to some of these DNA sequences, as the cDNAs represent a subset of the RNAs transcribed from the genome.
Allow the cDNA fragments to competitively hybridize to the DNA sequences bound to the chip.
Detection of the fluorescent signal from the cDNA bound to the chip tells researchers which gene(s) on the chip were hybridized to the cDNA.
The genes fluorescently identified by the chip analysis are the genes whose RNA interacts with the original protein of interest. The strength of the fluorescent signal for a particular gene can indicate how much of that particular RNA was present in the original sample, which indicates the expression level of that gene.
Development and Similar Techniques
Previous techniques aiming to understand protein-RNA interactions included RNA Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays and UV-crosslinking, however these techniques cannot be used when the RNA sequence is unknown. To resolve this, RIP-chip combines RNA immunoprecipitation to isolate RNA molecules interacting with specific proteins with a microarray which can elucidate the identity of the RNAs participating in this interaction. Alternatives to RIP-chip include:
RIP-seq: Involves sequencing the RNAs that were pulled down using high-throughput sequencing rather than analyzing them with a microarray. Authors Zhao et al., 2010. combined the RNA immunoprecipitation procedure with RNA sequencing. Using specific antibodies (α-Ezh2) they immunoprecipitated nuclear RNA isolated from mouse ES cells, and subsequently sequenced the pulled-down RNA using the next generation sequencing platform, Illumina.
CLIP-seq: The RNA binding protein is cross-linked to the RNA via the use of UV light prior to immunoprecipitation. Authors Licatalosi et al., 2008 first combined the UV crosslinking coupled immunoprecipitation procedure (CLIP) with high throughput sequencing methods to determine Nova-RNA binding sites in the mouse brain. In addition, they found that this protocol could determine de novo protein interactions.
ChIP-on-chip: A similar technique which detects the binding of proteins to genomic DNA rather than RNA.
References
Genetics techniques
Microarrays
RNA
Protein methods |
23578761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei%20Nangang%20Exhibition%20Center%20metro%20station | Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center metro station | Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center () is a metro station in Taipei, Taiwan served by Taipei Metro. It is a terminal station on both Wenhu line and Bannan line, and serves the Nangang, Neihu, and Xizhi districts.
Station overview
The station is a three-level, divided into an elevated and underground portion, each serving different lines. The elevated portion of the station serving the medium-capacity Wenhu line features an island platform and a platform elevator located on the west side of the concourse level. The station is long and wide, while the elevated platform is long. It is equipped with platform screen doors.
The station is a two-level, underground station high-capacity, and is also equipped with platform screen doors. It has an island platform and is long and meters wide. The station (serving the Blue Line eastern extension) passes through tunnels belonging to the Taiwan Railways Administration and Taiwan High Speed Rail before terminating at this station. The station is expected to serve as a transfer station for around 200,000 commuters per month. Preliminary inspections began on 9 January 2011, and the extension opened on 27 February 2011. The opening of the station is responsible for increasing the system's ridership by over 16,000 passengers per day.
Before Blue Line portion of the station was completed, the station already served as a transfer station via a free shuttle bus to Nangang Station. The shuttle bus service came to an end with the opening of Blue Line platform.
Public art
As one of the stations chosen for public art projects on the Neihu Line, the station design and artwork reflect the development of the adjacent business park. The design theme of the station is "Light and Shadow". The roof of the platform utilizes a large-span truss space and the sides of the platform use ripples to reflect sunlight. Public art consists of three pieces: "Fleeting Light", "Flying Shadow", and "River in the Sky". "Fleeting Light" uses images of flowing water to decorate the entrance columns, "Flying Shadow" is located outside the curtain wall, and "River in the Sky" (above the Neihu Line platform) shows the flickers of flowing water.
The Nangang Line concourse features a piece called "Our Personal Public Art" featuring LCD screen displaying images of chronicling the development of human civilization. In the underground passageway, another piece titled "Fast and Slow" has anodized aluminum panels and light panels controlled by motion sensors. The Wenhu line has lights.
History
The station was initially named Nangang Business Park South, but later changed to its current name.
Construction of the Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center station begins on 16 June 2003; and completed on 28 February 2009 for the Neihu Line, before opening on 4 July 2009.
Taipei Mayor Hau Lung-pin made a special inspection visit to the station to assess construction of the Bannan Line extension on 3 December 2010. Heat, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems had been completed, along with tunneling and trackwork. Stability testing of the electrical and mechanical systems were still ongoing.
The station passed preliminary inspections on 9 January 2011 before opening on 27 February 2011. The second and third phase inspections occurred in the following weeks. Although the extension opened at 2 PM, by 6 PM over 1.1 million people had used the entire system, a 229,000 passenger increase from the same period the previous week.
Station layout
Around the station
Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center
Lingnan Fine Arts Museum
References
Wenhu line stations
Bannan line stations
Railway stations opened in 2009 |
6903423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neck%20%28band%29 | Neck (band) | Neck are a six-piece London-Irish Celtic punk band from the North London neighborhood of Holloway. Following their frontman's cathartic 'Tour of Duty' as a member of the original line-up of Shane MacGowan and the Popes, Neck were 'born in a bottle' during late-night drinking sessions in 1994 by a mixture of Irish emigrant and second-generation Irish drinking buddies. The band takes their lead, both musically and ideologically, from two other London bands: The Clash and The Pogues, blending Punk rock with traditional Irish music to play a London-Irish style known as 'Psycho-Ceilídh'.
History
Initially playing exclusively on the London Irish bar circuit, their name was serendipitously gleaned from the reaction to their approach by the exasperated (Irish) landlord at their first ever gig. The landlord cursed them with an old Irish saying using the term "neck" – implying high levels of nerve or impudence.
After this initial period, whereby the band learned their craft and consolidated their line-up, they branched-out considerably, both aspirationally and geographically: touring extensively throughout the US, Europe, UK, and Ireland, leading to them playing a large number of international festivals. Such festivals include: Tantsy festival in Moscow Hermitage Garden; Dublin Irish Festival, Ohio – the second-largest Irish festival in the US; SXSW in Texas & their good friends' Flogging Molly's Salty Dog cruise out of Miami, also in the US; Paas Pop in Holland; The West Belfast Féile an Phobail in The North and The Waterford Spraoi in The Republic in Ireland; Berlin's Punk & Disorderly festival four times, as well as With Full Force in Germany; while, in the UK, they have played their largest festival, Glastonbury, six times, as well as The Levellers own festival Beautiful Days four, Solfest three, Boomtown Fair twice and the Rebellion Festival, ten times.
Their music reflects the life experience of the emigrant and second-generation Irish diaspora, with their frontman's voice and song-writing being considered both faithful to the form, and in direct lineage from his former band-leader and mentor, Shane MacGowan. Neck have released four albums to date, with their third album, Sod 'Em & Begorrah!, being picked out for particularly high praise by being judged, variously, the second and third greatest Celtic punk album of all time, the former above, and the latter behind only The Pogues and Flogging Molly.
They have also appeared on numerous compilation albums, and their natural London inclusiveness and punk sensibilities came well to the fore on their Joe Strummer-inspired anti-racism / pro-inclusiveness anthem "Everybody's Welcome to the Hooley!", which charted in the UK Indie Chart in 2006. Famously, the song was written as an immediate reaction to Far-right Skinheads violently disrupting an ostensibly 'No Politics' festival they were playing at in Belgium. Their frontman, incensed by how wrong these people were about punk rock, and inspired by the incendiary memory of seeing The Clash live in 1977, wrote the song in five minutes, taught it to the band before they went onstage, and played it at the far-right skinheads, invoking the whole crowd to chant Joe Strummer, prior to doing so. Making it clear, in the process, that being a London band, inspired by The Clash and the 1978 Rock Against Racism festival, and being an Irish band having both Catholics and Protestants in the band made them, intrinsically, political. The version of the song on the single also references and is dedicated to, Stephen Lawrence and Anthony Walker, both of them being black British teenagers murdered in racially motivated attacks. Proceeds from the single went to Love Music Hate Racism.
Their music can also be heard on various motion picture soundtracks: on the "surreal" Pirates of the White Sand short (2005); The Emerald Diamond, a 2006 documentary film about the Irish National Baseball Team – contributing four songs, including the traditional "Star of the County Down" and the original "Every Day's Saint Patrick's Day"; the Boston-set Gang War Shoot-'em Up Beantown (2007); and the "Capraesque" homage to 'Small Town America Coming of Age' The Supermarket (2009). They also appear performing two songs, the traditional "Carrickfergus" and the original "The Ferry Fare", in the 1999, Belfast-set, Film 4 romantic comedy-drama With or Without You, directed by Michael Winterbottom.
With over half their members drawn from the renowned London Irish traditional music session scene, their musicianship has earned them much respect and admiration. Staying true to those roots, they often perform acoustic 'Unplugged / Irish traditional music session' sets, at times alongside full electric ones, with one such performance, at 'The Irish House' during the celebrated London 2012 Olympics, enhancing their reputation (of passionate playing, 'knowing how to 'be' and their front-man 'wearing his heart on his sleeve') sufficiently that they were chosen by the Irish Cultural Centre in London to have the honour of performing such a Seisiún at the Reception for the Irish Paralympic team at the London 2012 Paralympics, in order to set the right encouraging Irish tone and ambience prior to them participating in the Opening ceremony. Accordingly, their front-man has also been given the honor by Sinn Féin, to host such sessions for any social functions that they stage in London, including the centenary celebrations for the Easter Rising in Portcullis House.
This reputation has led to various members being invited to collaborate both live and on other band's recordings. The most well known is their front-man guesting, on banjo, with the Alabama 3 (alongside Segs of Ruts DC), and co-writing an original song "That's It, I Quit" on the Hayseed Dixie album No Covers. He has also played in the folk punk supergroup Folk Finger alongside Cush and Ricky McGuire from The Men They Couldn't Hang and his old band-mate Danny Heatley from The Popes – including touring Ireland and an eventful New Year's Eve show in Prague; and also 'depped' for the front-man of Steampunk band The Men That Will Not Be Blamed for Nothing at the Glastonbury Festival. Collaboration can work the other way too, with their former member, Leigh Heggarty now of Ruts DC guesting live periodically.
This has all led to them being recognised as one of the leading bands on the international Celtic punk and folk punk scenes, alongside their US contemporaries Dropkick Murphys and Flogging Molly, with the Boston-based website covering the Celtic punk scene, Shite 'n' Onions, being named after one of their tunes, and bands as far flung as in Germany and the United States now cover their songs, while their front-man even gets name-checked in songs by other bands.
Discography
Albums
2001: Necked (A Few Odds From the Oul' Sods)
2004: Here's Mud in Yer Eye!
2005: Sod 'Em & Begorrah!
2009: Come Out Fighting! (UK)
2010: Come Out Fighting! (US & Canada; Europe)
Singles and EPs
1999: The Psycho-Ceilídh EP
2002: The Fields of Athenry 'World Cup single'
2006: Everybody's Welcome to the Hooley! – proceeds go to Love Music Hate Racism
Movie soundtracks
1999: With or Withbout You (+ performance appearance)
2005: Pirates of the White Sand
2006: The Emerald Diamond
2007: Beantown
2009: The Supermarket
References
External links
Neck O'fficial website
Online store
YouTube channel
Celtic punk groups
Folk punk groups
Irish punk rock groups
Musical groups from London
British punk rock groups |
6903437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal%20analysis%20of%20products | Temporal analysis of products | Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP), (TAP-2), (TAP-3) is an experimental technique for studying
the kinetics of physico-chemical interactions
between gases and complex solid materials, primarily heterogeneous catalysts.
The TAP methodology is based on short pulse-response experiments at low background pressure (10−6-102 Pa),
which are used to probe different steps in a catalytic process on the surface of a
porous material including diffusion, adsorption,
surface reactions, and desorption.
History
Since its invention by Dr. John T. Gleaves (then at Monsanto Company) in late 1980s,
TAP has been used to study a variety of industrially and academically relevant catalytic reactions, bridging the gap between surface science
experiments and applied catalysis.
The state-of-the-art TAP installations (TAP-3) do not only provide better signal-to-noise ratio than the first generation TAP machines (TAP-1),
but also allow for advanced automation and direct coupling with other techniques.
Hardware
TAP instrument consists of a heated packed-bed microreactor connected to a high-throughput vacuum system,
a pulsing manifold with fast electromagnetically-driven gas injectors, and a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS)
located in the vacuum system below the micro-reactor outlet.
Experiments
In a typical TAP pulse-response experiment, very small (~10−9 mol) and narrow (~100 μs) gas pulses are introduced into the evacuated (~10−6 torr) microreactor
containing a catalytic sample. While the injected gas molecules traverse the microreactor packing through the interstitial voids,
they encounter the catalyst on which they may undergo chemical transformations. Unconverted and newly formed gas molecules eventually
reach the reactor's outlet and escape into an adjacent vacuum chamber, where they are detected with millisecond time resolution
by the QMS. The exit-flow rates of reactants, products and inert molecules recorded by the QMS are then
used to quantify catalytic properties and deduce reaction mechanisms. The same TAP instrument can
typically accommodate other types of kinetic measurements, including atmospheric pressure flow experiments (105 Pa),
Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD), and Steady-State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA).
Data analysis
The general methodology of TAP data analysis, developed in a series of papers by Grigoriy (Gregory) Yablonsky
,
is based on comparing an inert gas response which is controlled only by Knudsen diffusion
with a reactive gas response which is controlled by diffusion as well as adsorption and chemical reactions on the catalyst sample.
TAP pulse-response experiments can be effectively modeled by a one-dimensional (1D) diffusion equation with uniquely simple combination of boundary conditions.
References
Inorganic reactions |
44497394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20I-League%202nd%20Division | 2015 I-League 2nd Division | The 2015 I-League 2nd Division was the eighth season of the I-League 2nd Division, the second division of football in India. Eight clubs participated this season, including Mohammedan, after they were relegated from the I-League last season. Aizawl F.C. won the league and will be the first team from Mizoram to play in I-League in 2015–16 I-League season.
Venues
The double-leg league was held in two venues Kanchenjunga Stadium, Siliguri and SSB Ranidanga Stadium, Golaghat respectively.
The initial seven rounds of matches were held in Siliguri, the return legs were held in Golaghat.
Team overview
Location and coaches
League table
Results
References
External links
Table, Fixtures, and Results at I-League website.
I-League 2nd Division seasons
3 |
6903447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folded%20unipole%20antenna | Folded unipole antenna | The folded unipole antenna is a type of monopole antenna; it consists of a vertical metal rod or mast mounted over and connected at its base to a conductive surface called a ground plane. The mast is surrounded by a "skirt" of vertical wires electrically attached at or near the top of the mast. The skirt wires are connected by a metal ring near the mast base, and the feed line is connected between the ring and the ground.
It has seen much use for refurbishing medium wave (AM broadcast) station towers in the United States and other countries. When an AM station (mediumwave, long antennas) shares a tower with FM transmitters (VHF, short antennas), the folded-unipole is often a good choice. Since the base of the tower connects to the ground system, the transmission lines to any antennas mounted on the tower can run up the side of the tower without requiring isolation, even though the tower itself carries mediumwave current.
Invention
The folded unipole antenna was first devised for broadcast use by John H. Mullaney, an American radio broadcast pioneer, and consulting engineer. It was designed to solve some difficult problems with existing medium wave (MW), frequency modulation (FM), and amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast antenna installations.
Typical installation
Since folded unipoles are most often used for refurbishing old broadcast antennas, the first subsection below describes a typical monopole antenna used as a starting point. The subsection that follows next describes how surrounding skirt wires are added to convert an ordinary broadcast tower into a folded unipole.
The picture at the right shows a small folded unipole antenna constructed from an existing triangular monopole tower; it has only three vertical wires comprising its "skirt".
Conventional monopole antennas
A typical AM broadcast antenna is a series-fed monopole antenna mounted above a ground system, but usually with no direct connection to ground. US FCC regulations require the ground system to have 120 buried copper or phosphor bronze radial wires at least one-quarter wavelength long; there is usually a ground-screen in the immediate vicinity of the tower. To minimize corrosion, all the ground system components are bonded together, usually by using brazing or coin silver solder.
Quarter-wave monopole antennas ordinarily have insulated bases, so the ground system and antenna mast are electrically separate, and the base of the mast and an adjacent ground plane connection point constitute the two electrical contacts for the feedline. If extra stabilization is required, any guy wires used are insulated from both the tower and the ground system; long guy wires are sometimes broken into a series of short, electrically separate segments, linked by insulators, to ensure all segments are too short to resonate at the operating frequency.
Radio frequency power is fed into the quarter-wave monopole system across the base insulator between a feed contact to the tower itself and another feed contact to the ground system. In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires that the transmitter power measurements for a single series-fed tower calculated at this feed point as the current squared multiplied by the resistive part of the feed-point impedance.
Electrically short monopole antennas have low resistance and high capacitive (negative) reactance. Longer antennas may have send out signals out in directions that are increasingly more advantageous up to the point that the electrical height exceeds about wavelengths tall. Reactance is zero only for towers slightly shorter than wavelength, but the reactance will in any case rise or fall depending on humidity, dust, or ice collecting on the tower or its feedline.
Regardless of its height, the antenna feed system has an electrical network in a small hut at the base of the tower ("coupling hut" or "helix hut") that is adjusted to match the antenna's impedance to its transmission line. If the tower is too short or too tall for the frequency, the antenna's capacitive or inductive reactance will be counteracted by an opposite reactance in the matching network.
The combined limitations of the matching network, ground wires, and tower can cause the system to have a narrow bandwidth; in extreme cases the effects of narrow bandwidth can be severe enough to detract from the audio fidelity of the radio broadcast.
Electrically short antennas have low radiation resistance, which makes normal loss in other parts of the system relatively more costly in terms of lost broadcast power. The losses in the ground system, matching network(s), feedline wires, and structure of the tower all are in series with the antenna feed current, and each wastes a share of the broadcast power heating the soil or metal in the tower.
Folded unipole antennas
Heuristically, the unipole's outer skirt wires can be thought of as attached segments of several tall, narrow, loop antennas, with the central mast completing the final side of each loop. Equivalently, each skirt wire makes a parallel wire stub, with the mast being the other parallel "wire"; the closed end at the top of the stub, where the skirt connects to the mast, makes a transmission line stub inductor. Either way of looking at it, the effect of the skirt wires is to add inductive reactance to the antenna mast, which helps neutralize a short mast's capacitive reactance.
For the normal case of a short monopole, the inductive reactance introduced by the skirt wires increases as the frequency decreases and the bare mast's reactance becomes more capacitive. (With increasing frequency both the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance drop.) When carefully configured, the two contrary reactances can be made to cancel each other, at least in part, and to rise and fall by approximately the same amount. Approximate balance between the opposing reactances adds up to reduce the total reactance of the whole antenna at the decreased (and increased) frequencies, thus widening the antenna's low-reactance bandwidth.
If the greater part of the unbalanced radio current can be made to flow in the skirt wires, instead of in the mast, the outer ring of skirt wires will also effectively add electrical width to the mast, which also will improve bandwidth by turning the unipole into a "cage antenna".
Usually folded-unipoles are constructed by modifying an existing monopole antenna, and not all possible unipole improvements can be achieved on every monopole.
First one connects the base of the tower directly to the ground system by shorting out the base insulator.
Then a series of vertical wires – typically four to eight – are installed from an attachment at or near the top of the tower; these wires surround the tower and are called a "skirt".
The skirt wires are kept a constant distance from the tower by insulated "stand-off" structural members, and joined to an electrically isolated conductor ring that surrounds the base of the tower, also mounted on insulated stand-offs.
The new antenna feed connects between the common point of the ground system and the ring at the bottom of the skirt wires.
The resulting skirt enveloping the mast connects only at the tower top, or some midpoint near the top, and to the isolated conducting ring that surrounds the tower base; the skirt wires remain insulated from the mast at every other point along its entire length.
Performance comparisons
When a well-made folded-unipole replaces a decrepit antenna, or one with a poor original design, there will of course be an improvement in performance; the sudden improvement may be cause for mistakenly inferred superiority in the design.
Experiments show that folded-unipole performance is the same as other monopole designs: Direct comparisons between folded unipoles and more conventional vertical antennas of the same height, all well-made, show essentially no difference in radiation pattern in actual measurements by Rackley, Cox, Moser, & King (1996) and by Cox & Moser (2002).
The expected wider bandwidth was also not found during antenna range tests of several folded unipoles.
Replaced shunt-fed antenna
Most commonly, folded-unipole designs were used to replace a shunt-fed antenna – a different broadcast antenna design that also has a grounded base. A “shunt-fed” (or “slant-wire”) antenna comprises a grounded tower with the top of a sloping single-wire feed-line attached at a point on the mast that results in an approximate match to the impedance desired at the other end of the sloping feed-wire.
When the well-made folded-unipole antenna replaced the aged-out slant-fed antenna, a marked improvement of performance was often noticed. This improvement gave rise to the supposition that folded-unipole antennas had power gains, or other wonderful characteristics, not supported by radio engineering calculations.
Ground system maintenance
Sites of ground-mounted monopole antennas require landscape maintenance: Keeping weeds and grass covering the antenna's ground plane wires as short as possible, since green plants in between the antenna tower and the antenna ground system will dissipate power of the radio waves passing through them, reducing antenna efficiency. Folded-unipole antenna sites were alleged to be less affected by weeds and long grass on top of the ground wires that cause attenuation in other monopole antenna designs, but measurements show no such advantage.
Self-resonant unipole patents
A possible improvement over the basic folded-unipole antenna is the “self resonant” unipole antenna, described in .
Another possible improvement to the folded unipole is described in , which concerns a more carefully designed form of ground plane for use with all monopole types (only incidentally including folded unipoles).
See also
Driven element
Monopole antenna
Omnidirectional antenna
Footnotes
References
External links
Radio frequency antenna types
Antennas (radio) |
44497396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Hours | Bernard Hours | Bernard Hours, born on 5 May 1956 in Strasbourg, is a French businessman. He was the managing director of Danone and a member of the board of directors of the company. He was also a member of the executive committee of Danone.
Education
Hours graduated from the École des Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC) in 1978.
Career
Hours began his career at Unilever in 1979 as Product Manager and Brand Manager. He progressively became an expert in the food sector.
In 1985, he joined the Danone marketing group at Kronenbourg. From 1989 and 2001, he was the Director of Sales of Evian, and then Director of Marketing for Danone France, later becoming the President of Danone Hungary (1994), Danone Germany (1996) and finally President of LU France in 1998.
In November 2001, Hours was named the Vice-President of the Fresh Dairy Products division and became the President in March 2002. In November 2006 he also took charge of the Research and Development at Danone.
Hours contributed significantly to sales growth between 2007 and 2013, which amounted to an increase of 36.4% (from 14 to 22 billion euros) during this period. He exercised is responsible for all activities of Danone, encompassing around 100,000 people in and 100 countries.
In 2014, at the time of a change of governance, Hours ended his position as managing director of Danone, by the decision of the Administrative Counsel.
In 2015, Hours became president of Medvet and Chef Sam . He is also Board Member fo Verlinvest and Oatly .
Other Activities
Hours is a member of the Administrative Counsel of Essilor as an independent director and a member of the Administrative Counsel of the investment holding Verlinvest and its participation Vita Coco. He is also e member of the Supervisory Board of Somfy.
References
1956 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Strasbourg |
6903454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutta%20Kirst | Jutta Kirst | Jutta Kirst (née Krautwurst; born 10 November 1954 in Dresden, Sachsen) is a retired female track and field athlete who competed for East Germany during her career in the women's high jump. She competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, Russia where she won the bronze medal in the women's high jump competition.
External links
1954 births
Living people
East German female high jumpers
Olympic bronze medalists for East Germany
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of East Germany
Athletes from Dresden
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for East Germany
Medalists at the 1973 Summer Universiade |
6903459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractor%20ratings | Contractor ratings | Contractor rating systems, also known as contractor prequalifications, are one of the larger cost saving practices available and more routinely applied by governmental organizations as a means of avoiding the high cost and inflated pricing that results from reduced competition on public work by using bonding and surety to guarantee performance of public work.
Years ago public purchasing officials began applying prequalification and short-listing of pre-selected contractors for bidding on public procurement contracts. A subjective process are in many places the exclusive means of getting on a bidders list for public contract work.
These ratings and processes now make the whole issue of bonding and surety, (that has been around since the late 19th century to guarantee of performance and paying large premiums), obsolete and redundant since the public officials have already reduced risks and are paying premiums associated with reducing competition by using the prequalification process and rating systems.
Construction |
17339451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Hunte | Alan Hunte | Alan Christopher Hunte (born 11 July 1970) is an English former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played between 1989 and 2003. He played rugby league (RL) at representative level for Great Britain, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 1009), St. Helens, Hull FC, Warrington Wolves and Salford City Reds as a three-quarter, and club level rugby union (RU) for Pontypridd RFC.
Background
Alan Hunte was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Playing career
Alan Hunte made his début for Wakefield Trinity during January 1989, and he played his last match for Wakefield Trinity during the 1988–89 season
Hunte was selected to go on the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, and would play for the Lions in the 1992 Rugby League World Cup Final at Wembley in October, though unfortunately it was his dropped ball which led to débuting Australian Steve Renouf scoring the only (and winning) try of the match. He played for St Helens from the interchange bench in their 1996 Challenge Cup Final victory over Bradford Bulls.
Hunte played , i.e. number 2, in St. Helens' 4–5 defeat by Wigan in the 1992 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1992–93 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens, on Sunday 18 October 1992.
Hull paid £250,000 for Alan Hunte when he moved from St Helens in 1997 as part of a deal that also included Steve Prescott and Simon Booth, based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £430,400 in 2013.
Hunte, together with Anthony Sullivan was the 1997 St Helens season's top try scorer.
In the 1997 post season, Hunte was selected to play for Great Britain on the in all three matches of the Super League Test series against Australia. His speed was shown in the third test when he ran down Aussie speedster Andrew Ettingshausen over a 70m run after giving him a 10m start.
Hunte later moved to Warrington Wolves and Salford City Reds.
Hunte also switched codes to Rugby Union, joining Pontypridd RFC in 2000 in a blaze of publicity. Hunte's career at Pontypridd was short lived, however, as he struggled to come to grips with the vagaries of the Union code.
Coaching career
Hunte currently works within the coaching setup at Salford Red Devils as Head of Youth Development.
He took over as caretaker head coach in 2013 when Phil Veivers was sacked.
Genealogical information
Alan Hunte is the son of the rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s for Wakefield Trinity, Micheal B. Hunte, and Vera Hunte (née Holloway) (birth registered during first ¼ in Pontefract district), whose marriage was registered during first ¼ 1969 in Pontefract district, and he is the older brother of Alison Justine Hunte (birth registered during first ¼ in Wakefield district). Father to Morgan, Eden, and Paige.
References
External links
(archived by web.archive.org) Profile reds.co.uk
Profile at saints.org.uk
(archived by web.archive.org) Profile at ponty.net
1970 births
Living people
Doncaster R.L.F.C. coaches
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league players
Footballers who switched code
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Hull F.C. players
Pontypridd RFC players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league players from Wakefield
Rugby league wingers
Rugby union players from Wakefield
Salford Red Devils coaches
Salford Red Devils players
St Helens R.F.C. players
Wakefield Trinity players
Warrington Wolves players |
44497398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslight%20Music%20Hall | Gaslight Music Hall | Gaslight Music Hall is an Australian television series which aired from 1959 to 1960. Originally aired on ABC, it later moved to TCN-9. Produced in Sydney, it was a live variety show spoofing Victorian music hall. Cast included Henry Gilbert, John Bluthal, June Salter, and Michael Cole. According to a section of TV Merry-Go-Round in the 27 September 1959 edition of Sydney Morning Herald, the first episode included a comedy sketch spoofing melodrama.
References
External links
Gaslight Music Hall on IMDb
1959 Australian television series debuts
1960 Australian television series endings
Australian variety television shows
Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming
Black-and-white Australian television shows
Australian live television series |
6903477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba%20Kingdom | Kuba Kingdom | The Kuba Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Bakuba or Bushongo, is a traditional kingdom in Central Africa. The Kuba Kingdom flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries in the region bordered by the Sankuru, Lulua, and Kasai rivers in the heart of the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Kuba Kingdom was a conglomerate of several smaller Bushongo-speaking principalities as well as the Kete, Coofa, Mbeengi, and the Kasai Twa Pygmies. The original Kuba migrated during the 16th century from the north. Nineteen different ethnic groups are included in the kingdom, which still exists and is presided over by the King (nyim).
History
Shyaam a-Mbul
The kingdom began as a conglomeration of several chiefdoms of various ethnic groups with no real central authority. In approximately 1625, an individual from outside the area known as Shyaam a-Mbul a Ngoong usurped the position of one of the area rulers and united all the chiefdoms under his leadership. Tradition states that Shyaam a-Mbul was the adopted son of a Kuba queen. He left the Kuba region to find enlightenment in the Pende and Kongo kingdoms to the west. After learning all he could from these states, he returned to Kuba to form the empire's political, social and economic foundations.
A new government
The Kuba government was reorganized toward a merit-based title system, but power still remained firmly in the hands of the aristocracy. The Kuba government was controlled by a king called the nyim who belonged to the Bushoong clan. The king was responsible to a court council of all the Kuba subgroups, who were represented equally before the king by their elites. The kingdom had an unwritten constitution, elected political offices, separation of political powers, a judicial system with courts and juries, a police force, a military, taxation, a significant public goods provision and socially supporting movements.
Growth
As the kingdom matured, it benefited from advanced techniques adopted from neighboring peoples as well as New World crops introduced from the Americas, such as maize, tobacco, cassava and beans. Kuba became very wealthy, which resulted in great artistic works commissioned by the Kuba nobility. The Kuba kings retained the most fanciful works for court ceremony and were also buried with these artifacts.
Apex
The Kuba Kingdom reached its apex during the mid 19th century. Europeans first reached the area in 1884. Because of the kingdom's relative isolation, it was not as affected by the slave trade as were the Kongo and Ndongo kingdoms on the coast.
The current reigning monarch, Kot-a-Mbweeky III, has been on the throne since 1968.
Kuba culture
Kuba art
The Kuba are known for their raffia embroidered textiles, fiber and beaded hats, carved palm wine cups and cosmetic boxes, but they are most famous for their monumental helmet masks, featuring exquisite geometric patterns, stunning fabrics, seeds, beads and shells.
The boxes, known as Kuba Boxes and called ngedi mu ntey by the Kuba, are generally used to hold tukula powder and paste. The boxes are usually in the shape of a square with a faceted lid, a semicircle (sometimes referred to as "half moon"), a rectangle or the shape of a mask. Sometimes they were used for holding razors for cutting raffia, hairpins or ritual objects.
Tukula (called twool by the Kuba) is a red powder made of ground cam wood. The color red is essential to the Kuba concept of beauty and was therefore used to ornament the face, hair and chest during dances and important ceremonies, as well as to anoint bodies for burial. Tukula was also mixed with other pigments to dye raffia cloth.
After 1700, King Misha mi-Shyaang a-Mbul introduced wooden sculptures called ndop figures that were carved to resemble the king and represent his individual reign. These figures always included the king's ibol or personal symbol, akin to a personal standard.
The carved palm-wine drinking cups and ornately carved boxes are identified with competition between titled court members among the Kuba. With half of all Bushoong men holding titles in the 1880s, competition for influence was sometimes fierce, and it found expression in the elaboration of these essentially commonplace household objects into works of extraordinary beauty.
Kuba religion and mythos
The Kuba believed in Bumba the Sky Father who spewed out the sun, moon, stars, and planets. He also created life with the Earth Mother. However these were somewhat distant deities, and the Kuba placed more immediate concern in a supernatural being named Woot, who named the animals and other things. Woot was the first human and bringer of civilization. The Kuba are sometimes known as the "Children of Woot."
See also
Lunda Kingdom
Luba Kingdom
William Henry Sheppard
References
Further reading
External links
An exhibit of Kuba art held at Clemson University in 2002
map of tribes in the area
Photos of Kuba Raffia Cloths
Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Kuba Kingdom
The Bwoom Mask of the Kuba People
Art & Life in Africa
Former countries in Africa
Former monarchies of Africa
Political history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1625 establishments in Africa
States and territories established in 1625
States and territories disestablished in 1900
Kasaï Province |
17339457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Price | Theodore Price | Thedore Price ( – 15 December 1631) was a Welsh Anglican clergyman and academic. He served as Principal of Hart Hall, Oxford for 18 years and was also a prebend of Westminster Abbey. However, after falling out with his patron, John Williams, he sided with William Laud and was reputed to have converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism at the end of his life.
Life
Price was the son of Rees ap Tudor and his wife Margory, who was the daughter of Edward Stanley (constable of Harlech Castle). Price was born in about 1570 in the parish of Llanenddwyn, Dyffyn Ardudwy in Merioneth, North Wales. After attending All Souls College, Oxford as a chorister, he transferred to Jesus College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree on 16 February 1588 and obtaining his Master of Arts degree on 9 June 1591. After his ordination, he was appointed as rector of Llanfair, near Harlech, in 1591. He was appointed a prebendary of Winchester Cathedral in 1596 and rector of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant, Denbighshire in 1601. In 1604, he was appointed as Principal of Hart Hall, Oxford (the predecessor of Hertford College), holding this position until his resignation in 1622. He became rector of Launton, Oxfordshire in 1609 and obtained his Doctorate of Divinity, as a member of New College, Oxford, in 1614. He was one of the five commissioners appointed to draw up new statutes for Jesus College in 1621, and was made a Fellow of the college at that time.
Further positions came Price's way, with the influence of his kinsman John Williams, the future Archbishop of York: a prebend of Lincoln Cathedral, when Williams was the Bishop of Lincoln (1621), and a prebend of Westminster Abbey, where Williams was the Dean (1623). He was one of two clerics chosen in 1622 to serve on a commission sent to Ireland to explore grievances, including investigation of the state of the church. Although he was praised for his efforts, he did not receive further advancement, being passed over for appointment as Bishop of St Asaph in 1623 and 1629 and Bishop of Gloucester in 1624. He fell out with Williams over his failure to give Price full support in his attempt to become Archbishop of Armagh (the post going to James Ussher), with Williams pointing to Price's lack of preaching. Thereafter, Price sided with William Laud, the main opponent of Williams within the Westminster Abbey chapter, sharing Laud's like of ceremonial practices in religion.
Death and will
Price died at Westminster on 15 December 1631 in circumstances that confirmed to some contemporaries the close link between Laudian ceremonials and Roman Catholicism. After unsuccessful surgery for "the Torment of the Stone", Price received Catholic visitors and told them of his "affection and devotion" for the Catholic Church. He received Catholic rites and refused to be attended by Anglican clergyman before his death. Price was buried at Westminster Abbey on 21 December 1631. It was said that the delay in burying Price was the reluctance of the prebendaries to conduct a burial service after Price's reported conversion. It was alleged that the story of Price's conversion had been invented by Williams to attack Laud's reputation. The Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke was reported to have remarked to King Charles I, "Is this the Orthodox man your Majesty would have made a Bishop the last year? Do but mark him that recommended him unto you in that kind." However, at Laud's trial, when Laud was condemned for his familiarity with the "apostate" Price, Laud did not deny that Price had converted to Catholicism, but suggested that Williams had worked harder than he had for Price's advancement.
Price's religious preferences can be seen from his will in 1631, in which he bequeathed money to beautify the chancel of the church in Llanenddwyn and to add an altar rail, and to endow a sermon at Jesus College in support of bowing at the name of Jesus. He also left money to Hart Hall and Oriel College, Oxford. He referred to Laud as "my Noble Laud and worthie auntient friend", but did not refer to Williams.
References
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Principals of Hart Hall, Oxford
Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford
Anglican priest converts to Roman Catholicism
Welsh Roman Catholics
17th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Burials at Westminster Abbey
1570s births
1631 deaths
16th-century Welsh Anglican priests
17th-century Roman Catholics |
44497403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Tynan | Michael Tynan | Michael John Tynan MD FRCP (born 18 April 1934) was Professor of Paediatric Cardiology at Guy’s Hospital (1982-99) and is a member of Cambridge University’s Paediatric Cardiology Hall of Fame.
Tynan was born on 18 April 1934, the son of Jerry Joseph Tynan (a Squadron Leader in the Royal Air Force) and Florence Ann Tynan. He was educated at Bedford Modern School and the London Hospital.
Tynan was a Teaching Fellow at the Harvard Medical School (1962)
and a Senior Assistant Resident at the Boston Children’s Hospital in Massachusetts (1962). He was Registrar of Westminster Hospital (1964) and Registrar (later Lecturer) at Great Ormond Street Hospital (1966). Tynan was also consultant paediatric cardiologist at Newcastle University Hospitals (1971) and at Guy’s Hospital (1977) before taking up his professorship at Guy’s Hospital in 1982.
Tynan married Eirlys Pugh Williams in 1958. He is a member of the Athenaeum Club, London.
Publications
Paediatric Cardiology, a Textbook, 1983 (jointly)
Articles on Nomenclature and Classification of congenital heart diseases and on heart diseases in children
References
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
British cardiologists
1934 births
People educated at Bedford Modern School
Living people |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.