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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima%20station%20%28Pennsylvania%20Railroad%29
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Lima station (Pennsylvania Railroad)
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Lima station (Pennsylvania Railroad). Recent history
Unlike much of Lima's railroad-related structures (e.g., the Baltimore & Ohio, Nickel Plate Road and Erie Railroad train stations and roundhouses), the Pennsylvania Railroad station has survived in good condition. Its well-preserved historic architecture and its place in local history qualified it for addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as the Lima Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Depot. One year later, the station was renovated for adaptive reuse: although a new entrance was added and modern restrooms were attached to the station's rear, its historic integrity was little changed, and the yard surrounding the station was kept in its previous state. Working for a Lima business association, the LJB construction company completed the renovation project in May 2004. Today, the station is used as the offices of the customer service center for the Lima utilities department.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Derendorf%20station
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Düsseldorf-Derendorf station
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Düsseldorf-Derendorf station.
Düsseldorf-Derendorf is a railway station situated at Derendorf, Düsseldorf in western Germany. It is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S1 (every 30 minutes during the day), S6 (every 20 minutes) and S11 (every 20 minutes).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%20A.%20Holt%20%28justice%29
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Homer A. Holt (justice)
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Homer A. Holt (justice).
Homer Aloncious Holt (born April 27, 1831, Parkersburg, then in Virginia; died January 7, 1898, Lewisburg, West Virginia) was a West Virginia lawyer and justice of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%20A.%20Holt%20%28justice%29
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Homer A. Holt (justice)
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Homer A. Holt (justice).
Holt practiced as a lawyer from 1853 to 1873, except for a period of service as a Confederate soldier during the Civil War. He was a delegate to the West Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1872. In that year he was also elected to the position of local circuit court judge. After the circuit boundaries were reformed, he was again elected to a circuit judge position. In 1890 he was appointed to the state Supreme Court of Appeals to fill a vacancy, and then was elected to the remaining 4 years of that term in 1892.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%20A.%20Holt%20%28justice%29
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Homer A. Holt (justice)
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Homer A. Holt (justice).
In 1871 he and Alexander F. Mathews founded the Bank of Lewisburg. It was the first bank in Greenbrier County, opening for business on July 29. From 1871 to 1888, it was the only bank between Staunton, Virginia and Charleston, West Virginia.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%20A.%20Holt%20%28justice%29
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Homer A. Holt (justice)
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Homer A. Holt (justice).
He married Mary Ann Byrne in 1857, and they had 3 children. One of his grandchildren, born just after his death and named in his honor was Homer A. Holt, a lawyer, attorney general, and governor of West Virginia.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annin%20%26%20Smith
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Annin & Smith
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Annin & Smith.
Annin & Smith (c. 1818-1837) was an engraving firm in Boston, Massachusetts, in the 19th century, established by William B. Annin and George Girdler Smith. The firm kept offices on Court Street and Cornhill.
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Annin & Smith. Works with engravings by Annin & Smith
Jacob Bigelow. American medical botany: being a collection of the native medicinal plants of the United States. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard, 1817-1820. 3 volumes.
John Locke, James Edward Smith. Outlines of botany: taken chiefly from Smith's Introduction; containing an explanation of botanical terms and an illustration of the system of Linnaeus. Also some account of natural orders, and the anatomy and physiology of vegetables; Illustrated by engravings. For the use of schools and students. Boston: Published by Cummings and Hilliard, 1819.
Walter Scott. Tales of my landlord. Boston: Samuel H. Parker, no. 12, Cornhill, 1821. Drawn by William Allan.
William Tudor. The life of James Otis of Massachusetts: containing also, notices of some contemporary characters and events from the year 1760 to 1775. Boston: Wells and Lilly, Court Street, 1823.
Penmanship or the Beauties of Writing Exemplified in a Variety of Specimens Practical and ornamental, 4th ed. Boston: 1829.
Asher Benjamin. The practical house carpenter: Being a complete development of the Grecian orders of architecture, methodised and arranged in such a simple, plain, and comprehensive manner, as to be easily understood... Boston: Published by the author, R.P. & C. Williams, and Annin & Smith, 1830. Reprint of 3rd ed. (1832)
Boston writing copies. Boston: Carter and Hendee, corner of Washington and School Streets, 1833. Drawn by Barnabas Whitney.
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Annin & Smith
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Annin & Smith. Works about Annin & Smith
Review of Bigelow's American Medical Botany, v.1 part 2, and v.2 part 1 (Boston: Cummings & Hillard, 1819). The North-American Review and Miscellaneous Journal, Vol. 9, No. 24 (June 1819), pp. 23–26.
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Annin & Smith
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Annin & Smith. 1818 establishments in Massachusetts
19th century in Boston
Economic history of Boston
Cultural history of Boston
Financial District, Boston
American companies disestablished in 1837
American companies established in 1818
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1837
Manufacturing companies established in 1818
Manufacturing companies based in Boston
Engraving
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Johansen
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen.
Ryan Johansen (born July 31, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre and alternate captain for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL). Growing up, he played minor hockey in the Greater Vancouver area until joining the junior ranks with the Penticton Vees of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) for one season. In 2009–10, he moved to the major junior level with the Portland Winterhawks of the Western Hockey League (WHL). After his first WHL season, he was selected fourth overall by the Blue Jackets in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. Internationally, he has competed for the Canadian national junior team at the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, where he earned a silver medal and was named to the Tournament All-Star Team. In 2015, he participated in the 2015 NHL Skills Competition and was named the 2015 NHL All-Star Game MVP.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Amateur
Johansen was drafted into the Western Hockey League (WHL) 150th overall by the Portland Winterhawks in the 2007 Bantam Draft. Having been offered an athletic scholarship to play with Northeastern University, he opted to play for the Penticton Vees of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) in 2008–09 to protect his eligibility for the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA). He appeared in 42 games for the Vees as a 16-year-old, scoring 5 goals and 12 assists.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Playing career
Convinced of his ability, the Winterhawks persuaded Johansen to forego university and join their club for the 2009–10 WHL season. In Portland, he joined a line with fellow 2010 NHL Entry Draft prospects Nino Niederreiter and Brad Ross. He finished the year with 25 goals and 69 points in 71 games, second among league rookies behind Kevin Connauton and second in team scoring, behind Chris Francis. Helping the Winterhawks make the playoffs one year after finishing last in the WHL, they advanced to the second round. Johansen added 18 points in 13 games, ninth in league scoring and first among rookies, despite playing in only two of four playoff rounds.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Playing career
Johansen rapidly climbed prospect charts for the 2010 NHL Draft, starting the year as a potential second round selection, before rising to 16th among North American skaters when the NHL Central Scouting Bureau (CSB) released its mid-season ranking. Johansen's coach with Penticton noted that, as one of the younger players of his draft class, his skill was often overlooked. NHL scouts praised his speed, playmaking ability and vision on the ice but believed he needed to show more consistency and physicality. He had been compared to Ottawa Senators centre Jason Spezza, while Johansen had said he tried to model his game after San Jose Sharks centre Joe Thornton. He finished the season as the tenth ranked skater according to Central Scouting and was projected to be a top 20 pick, perhaps as high as top 10. With the fourth overall pick in the 2010 NHL Draft, Johansen was chosen by the Columbus Blue Jackets.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Playing career
A couple of months after his draft, Johansen signed with Columbus to a three-year, entry-level contract on September 9, 2010. With a base salary of $900,000, the deal could have reached $1.975 million per year if he achieved all his bonus incentives. Attending his first NHL training camp that month, he did not make the Blue Jackets roster and was returned to Portland on October 2 for another year of junior hockey. Back in the WHL, Johansen was chosen to represent the league at the 2010 Subway Super Series, a six-game exhibition tournament featuring all-stars from the Canadian Hockey League (CHL) against Russian junior players. He completed the 2010–11 season improving to 92 points (40 goals and 52 assists) in 63 games, ranking seventh among league scorers.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Columbus Blue Jackets (2011–16)
Joining the Blue Jackets' training camp for a second year, Johansen made the opening line-up for the 2011–12 season. He made his NHL debut on October 7, 2011, registering 8 minutes and 46 seconds of ice time in a 3–2 loss to the Nashville Predators. He registered his first NHL point, an assist on a Kris Russell goal, in a 4–3 loss to the Ottawa Senators on October 22. Three days later, he scored his first NHL goal against Ty Conklin of the Detroit Red Wings. Banking the puck off of Conklin's skate from behind the goal line, the milestone came on the power play and was the game-winner. He also added an assist to help Columbus to their first win of the season, a 4–1 victory. After playing in his ninth game of the season, having recorded two goals and two assists in that span, Johansen was notified by Blue Jackets head coach Scott Arniel that he would remain with the team and not be returned to junior.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Columbus Blue Jackets (2011–16)
Due to the NHL's decision to lock out the players at the start of the 2012–13 season until a new collective bargaining agreement could be reached, Johansen was reassigned to the Blue Jackets' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Springfield Falcons. On February 24, 2013, Johansen was re-called by the Blue Jackets for the remainder of the season, which began on January 19 after an agreement was reached. In the 2013–14 season, Johansen had a break-out year, scoring 33 goals and 30 assists for a total of 63 points, a career high. He was the third Blue Jacket in franchise history to post 30 goals or more in one season.
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Ryan Johansen. Nashville Predators (2016–present)
During the 2015–16 season, on January 6, 2016, Johansen was traded by the Blue Jackets to the Nashville Predators in exchange for Seth Jones. Johansen finished the season with 60 points in 80 games.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Columbus Blue Jackets (2011–16)
During Johansen's first full season with the Predators, he recorded 61 points in 82 games. During the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs, Johansen suffered an acute compartment syndrome in his left thigh in the Western Conference Finals against the Anaheim Ducks. Emergency surgery was required, and Johansen was forced to miss the remainder of the post-season. The Predators reached the Stanley Cup Finals against the Pittsburgh Penguins, falling in six games to the defending champions.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Columbus Blue Jackets (2011–16)
On July 28, 2017, the Predators re-signed Johansen to an eight-year, $64 million contract worth $8 million annually. The deal was the biggest signed in Predators' history.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. International play
Johansen was invited to take part in the Canadian national junior team's selection camp in August and December 2011. He was later named to the squad, competing in the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, held in Buffalo, New York. Making his international debut against Russia, he scored his first goal for Canada in a 5–3 win. In the quarterfinal against Switzerland, he was named the player of the game, having scored his second goal of the tournament. He scored again in the semifinal against the United States to help Canada advance to the gold medal game, where they were defeated 5–3 by Russia. Johansen finished with three goals and nine points, third in team scoring behind Brayden Schenn and Ryan Ellis, and was named to the Tournament All-Star Team.
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Ryan Johansen
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Ryan Johansen. Personal life
Johansen was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, to Randall and Rosalind Johansen. He has a younger brother, Lucas, who currently plays for the Hershey Bears in the AHL after being drafted by the Washington Capitals in 2016. Johansen played his first years of minor hockey with the Vancouver Thunderbirds organization until his family moved to the suburb of Port Moody. He played in Port Moody at the double-A level through to bantam (age 13–14 level), including a peewee (age 11–12) provincial championship. In 2007–08, he played with the Vancouver North East Chiefs of the British Columbia Major Midget League.
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Ryan Johansen. 1992 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Columbus Blue Jackets draft picks
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Living people
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Penticton Vees players
People from Port Moody
Portland Winterhawks players
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Springfield Falcons players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo%202010%20pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions.
This article contains the details of the pavilions in Expo 2010. The 2010 World Expo Shanghai is the largest Expo site ever, covering more than 5.2 square kilometers and containing more than 70 exposition pavilions. More than 190 countries and 50 international organizations registered to participate in the 2010 Shanghai Expo. After the six-month run, the Expo had attracted well over 70 million visitors. The Expo 2010 is also the most expensive fair in the history of World's Fair, with more than 45 billion US dollars invested from the Chinese Government.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Theme pavilions
There were five central theme pavilions at the Expo 2010 – Urban Footprint, Urban Planet, Urbanian, City Being, and Urban Future – each exploring different aspects of urban development.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions.
Three of the five theme pavilions were located in the Central Exhibition Building constructed by the host country. Covering an area of 11.5 hectares, it is the largest exhibition structure in the history of World Expositions. The building was located near the Expo Axis, in Zone B. The total exhibition space of this building was 80,000 m2. A 7,000 m2 multifunctional room in the building's centre had an atrium onto which some of the individual pavilions opened. Construction was completed in September 2009 before interior construction began.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urban Planet Pavilion
The Urban Planet Pavilion was located in the central exhibition building on the Expo Axis. The concept and design were contributed by the German communication agency TRIAD Berlin. The company, which had already designed a pavilion for the Expo 2000 in Hanover, won an international bidding contest against more than 150 competitors. TRIAD Berlin was responsible for construction management and the supervision of the artistic aspects of the pavilion.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urban Planet Pavilion
With its total floor space of 12,000 m2, the Urban Planet pavilion addressed the complex processes marking urbanization. According to its designers, the scenography combined Western forms of artistic expression with ideas from the Chinese Feng shui heritage. The exhibition was characterized by a dichotomous structure illustrating the two-faced character of the city as both a consumer of environment and as a place for innovation and technology in the service of an ecological renewal for the future.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urban Planet Pavilion
The first part of the exhibition "Road of Crisis" is made of five chapters, each corresponding to the five elements in Wu Xing: Water − Fire − Metal − Wood − Earth. It reflected the potential of destruction emanating from the cities, the threats facing the ecosystem, and the depletion of Earth's natural resources. The second part of the exhibition, "Road of Solution" offered possible approaches to the problems that were expressed.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urban Planet Pavilion
The pavilion was one of the largest in this Expo 2010. The wide corridors and enormous size of the pavilion were to provide a visit with limited waiting times, compared to other pavilions.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urbanian Pavilion
The concept for the Urbanian Pavilion was contributed by the Dutch designer Herman Kossmann and focused on residents of modern cities. According to Kossmann, its guiding principle was the awareness that city planners have to address the urgent needs of the residents as "the prerequisite for the city's sustainable development."
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urbanian Pavilion
Video clips in the exhibition illustrated the stories of six real families, from cities in six continents: Paris (Europe), São Paulo (Latin America), Phoenix, Arizona (North America), Lijiang, Yunnan (Asia), Melbourne (Oceania), and Ouagadougou (Africa). The videos covered different issues – such as family, work, relationship, education, and health – of an average city dweller's life.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. City Being Pavilion
The City Being pavilion is designed by the join venture of the China Central Academy of Fine Arts and Land Design Studio in London. The exhibition examined the growth of infrastructures of modern cities, presenting the networks of both traffic, water, and energy supply as core elements in an urban setting. The pavilion was located in the Central Exhibition Building on the Expo Axis.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urbanian Pavilion
The exhibition included a "Dynamic Station", reminiscent of the architecture of train stations in the early 20th century. Train models from different generations were presented. The "Circular Pipeline" provides visitors into the insights of the underground infrastructures of a city. In the "Soul Square", an 8-minute video clip were shown through a large theater with seven folded screens and a 7000 m2 velarium.
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Expo 2010 pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urban Footprint Pavilion
The concept and design for the Urban Footprint Pavilion were contributed by the Xiao Hui Wang Art Center under the supervision of the Shanghai Museum. The pavilion portrayed the growth of the cities as a decisive factor for human progress over the ages. The pavilion is divided into four exhibition halls, the "Ideal Fantasy City", "City Origin", "Urban Development", and "City Wisdom." The main lobby, "ideal Fantasy City" shows the Western and Eastern characteristics of an ideal city. The pavilion used high tech installations as well as cultural relics loaned from international museums. The organizers described their concept for the presentation of the city's evolution as "an inspiration for urban development in the future."
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urban Future Pavilion
The Urban Future pavilion in Zone B. The exhibition was designed by the Spanish agency Ingeniaqued in cooperation with the Chinese artist Bu Hua. The concept involved an imaginary travel into the future, adopting an optimistic view of opportunities for developing habitable cities via a combination of technological progress and tradition.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urbanian Pavilion
Visitors walking through five exhibition rooms found examples of sustainable solutions for urban problems concerning living, traffic, energy supply, and city planning. There were specific references to innovations put into practice in such diverse cities as Beijing, Kōbe, Freiburg im Breisgau, Canberra and San Diego. The tour included is an animated movie shown in a 35-meter-high hall which presented a colorful fantasy world.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Urbanian Pavilion
The pavilion is located in an old renovated manufacturing plant. It is the first building to receive a MOHURD three-star green building certification, equipping many energy and eco-housing technologies such as solar panel, wind turbine, as well as LED lighting.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. National pavilions
189 of the world's 196 nations were represented at Expo 2010, either in stand-alone pavilions or within larger pavilions. The three largest national pavilions were the China Pavilion, the Africa Pavilion, and the Pacific Pavilion.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Africa Pavilion
The Africa Pavilion was made up of joint presentation by 42 nations and 1 organization from Africa.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Africa Pavilion
It received a total of about 23 million visitors during the duration of the Expo.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Australia
The three-story Australia Pavilion was constructed on a 4,800 m2 site and designed by leading Australian architectural firm Wood Marsh in conjunction with creative design firm Think!OTS. The facade of the structure was composed of weathered steel, which oxidized in the months preceding the expo's opening. The red ochre color was meant to represent the "red center" desert regions of central Australia.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Australia
The pavilion cost A$83 million, the most Australia has ever allocated for a pavilion in history. A$6 million of the total cost was contributed by the state of Victoria, whose largest foreign trading partner is China.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Australia
The mascot of the Australia pavilion was Peng Peng, a kookaburra.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Argentina
More than 4 million visits were made to the Argentina Pavilion during the duration of the Expo.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Bangladesh
The Bangladesh Pavilion was themed as "The Spirit and Growth of Golden Bengal." The pavilion entrance was decorated with colorful traditional Bangladeshi patterns, a sculpture, pictures of Bangladeshi urban areas, and models of traditional architecture. The pavilion mainly emphasized two key features: the national features and the traditional gourmet of Bangladesh.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Argentina
The pavilion celebrated its pavilion day on September 20 with a performance of traditional singing and dance. News at the website remarked it "Bravo and a big day for the country". The country's performance – "Eternal Bangladesh" was also highly praised.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Belgium
The Belgium Pavilion received 7 million visitors during the expo. The interior of the pavilion featured a giant model of a brain cell, representing innovation in Belgium. Because Belgium was due to assume the presidency of the European Union in 2010, the pavilion also housed the joint initiatives of the EU. The pavilion was opened by José Manuel Barroso.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Belgium
Exhibits in the Belgian part of the pavilion included "the Wall of fame" – showing pictures of the most famous Belgians; "the Wall of Smurfs," and a solar car.
There was also a shopping area inside the pavilion which mainly sold chocolate by Godiva, Neuhaus and Guylian.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Belgium
The second floor housed a restaurant that served typical Belgian dishes, like waterzooi, a dish of sausage with mashed potatoes and fries. There was also a take-out service outside the pavilion, selling Belgian specialty food such as French fries, Belgian ice cream, and Belgian waffles.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Brunei
The 1,000 m2 Brunei Pavilion was themed "Now for the Future". It opened to the public on May 8, 2010, one week after the opening of the Expo. The interior design mainly consisted of vertical, revolving patterns which symbolized development and the improvement of the lives of Brunei's citizens. The pavilion featured a pathway through the rainforest of Borneo and emphasized efforts to protect Brunei's environment and culture. A 4-D theater introduced attendees to Brunei using recreated rainwater, wind, sound and video.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Belgium
The pavilion presented Bruneian cuisine and local food brands throughout the Expo. The Brunei Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade hired Royal Brunei Catering (RBC), the largest catering firm in the country, to create a monthly rotating list of halal certified local foods for pavilion visitors. Local drinks offered included teh tarik mixed with "Gula Angau" – local sugar and tongkat ali, which consists of boiled long jack root mixed with coffee. Cuisine elements served included Brunei fried noodles, nasi lemak, dim sum, and murtabak.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Canada
The 6,000 m2 Canada Pavilion featured an exhibition themed "The Living City: Inclusive, Sustainable, Creative". The pavilion was expected to receive up to people or 30,000 visitors per day, during the six-month Expo period. Canada hired Mark Rowswell, (known as Dashan in China), to be the pavilion's general manager.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Canada
The overall budget for the Canadian pavilion was Canadian dollars (). Cirque du Soleil designed the concept for the pavilion and also created public performances, organized cultural programs and developed strategic corporate alliances for the pavilion. The exterior of the pavilion was covered in polished steel and cedar. The pavilion was anchored by an open public square and surrounded by three large, wooden, curved structures. The square was a performing area, with performances by Cirque du Soleil. Part of the pavilion's exterior walls were covered by a special kind of greenery and rainwater was collected by a drainage system for use inside the pavilion.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Canada
The Canadian pavilion featured the National Film Board of Canada film Glimpses/Impressions, depicting a day in the life of a composite Canadian city. Directed by Jean-François Pouliot, Glimpses was created with over 3,000 animated photos projected onto a large screen with a 150-degree curve.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Canada
A restaurant in the pavilion served Moosehead Beer and poutine. A corporate boardroom was constructed by Bombardier Inc., and a V.I.P. suite for business dealings was sponsored by the Power Corporation of Canada.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Canada
Canada was the first country to sign a contract agreeing to open an exhibition at Expo 2010.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Chile
The Chile Pavilion, also known as the "Sprout of a New City" was located in Area C and occupied approximately 2,000 m2.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. China
The China Pavilion was the largest national pavilion at the Expo with a footprint of more than 71,000 m2 and a gross floor area in excess of 160,000 m2. It is also the most expensive pavilion, costing an estimated US$220 million. The building is located halfway along the Expo Axis on its eastern side in Zone A of the Expo Park. The pavilion lay directly to the east of the Theme Pavilions and to the north of the Hong Kong and Macau pavilions.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. China
The chief architect of the pavilion was He Jingtang, the director of the Architectural Academy of the South China University of Technology.
The 63-meter high pavilion, the tallest structure at the Expo, is dubbed "The Oriental Crown" because of its resemblance to an ancient Chinese crown. The architectonic feature of the building was inspired by traditional Chinese roof brackets known as dougong which date back nearly 2,000 years. The exterior is painted in various shades of Chinese red, symbolising Chinese culture and good fortune.
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The structure was built with a strong emphasis on sustainable and energy-saving practices with the exterior offering thermal insulation and natural ventilation. The inverted pyramid design and the lower courtyard offers a large overhang for shading. The environmentally friendly roof design allows rainwater harvesting and is decorated with Chinese-style landscaping.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. China
The theme of the pavilion during the Expo was "Chinese Wisdom in Urban Development". The pavilion display was divided into three parts starting from the top of the building and finishing at the bottom.
Exploring the Oriental Footprint: This first part highlighted the wisdom of Chinese urban practices in Chinese history, from the achievements of China's reforms in the late 1970s to the urban experiences of Imperial China. Among the highlights were two films exploring the developments in the lives of ordinary Chinese in the last 30 years, an animation of the famous painting "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" projected onto a huge screen, and the display of a four-horse chariot from the Terracotta Army.
The Experience Trip: Excursion trains provided a journey exploring urban wisdom in modern and present times, with a track that followed close by for wheelchair users to share the experience.
Focus on a Lower Carbon Future: An exploration of a lower carbon future in China.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. China
Unlike most of the other pavilions, the China pavilion along with the theme pavilions, Expo Cultural Center and the Expo Axis were not dismantled following the Expo. On 1 October 2012, the China pavilion was reopened as the China Art Museum.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. China's joint provincial pavilion
China's Joint Provincial Pavilion was a large box-shaped building located underneath the China Pavilion. It housed the individual pavilion stalls of every one of China provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. In all there were 31 pavilions. Although each pavilion is relatively small in size, all were elaborately designed with cultural and architectural qualities unique to each province. For example, the exterior of the Heilongjiang Pavilion resembled blocks of ice, alluding to the extremely cold environment of the province, while the Guizhou pavilion boldly emphasised silver head decorations, displaying special folk characteristics.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Colombia
The Colombia Pavilion which was located in Area C of the Expo was designed by Colombian architects Alejandro Puentes and Esteban Castro from the firm 4H. The concept divided the building into three elements. The base was a glass wall imprinted with a series of pictures showing landscapes, people and city developments. The body of the building was in the form of laser-cut PVC panels showing Tumaco's fabric stamps to celebrate their harmonic relationship with the environment. The third part was a lighthouse, landmark and a glowing tower displaying a flock of parrots recalling the colors of the Colombian flag.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Denmark
The Denmark Pavilion designed by Bjarke Ingels Group showcased sustainability and energy solutions along with unique Danish architecture and design.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Denmark
The pavilion's centerpiece was The Little Mermaid, marking the first time that the iconic statue had left Copenhagen. The Little Mermaid was displayed in the center of an artificial pond within the pavilion. The original plans for the exhibit called for seawater from Copenhagen's harbor to be transported, but that idea was dropped because the water would have turned rotten by the time it had reached Shanghai. The intention of transporting the seawater with the statue was to give a more authentic experience to spectators. The pavilion and Little Mermaid statue were unveiled on 25 April 2010, accompanied by a performance by singer Thomas Helmig, who performed a song called Swim, written expressly for the statue's debut. Denmark's Tax Minister Troels Lund Poulsen also delivered a speech to mark the opening of the pavilion.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Denmark
According to the official site, the pavilion welcomed its 4 millionth visitor on September 12, 2010, and on October 30, 2010, it welcomed its 5.55 millionth visitor, matching the population of Denmark.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Egypt
The Egypt Pavilion was located in Area C.
Egypt's 1,000-square-meter pavilion was designed as a gift by Iraqi architect Zaha Hadid. A bit stark with swirling black and white swooshes, it is apparently meant to combine modernity with antiquity, represented by the constellation-like graphic of three pyramids above the arched entrance. Indeed, the building looks like some lost spaceship which had landed in Shanghai by mistake and was now trying to avoid notice by disguising itself as a pavilion.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Finland
The original name of Finland Pavilion was Kirnu – a Giant's kettle. The pavilion was a feat of Finnish design and showcased Finnish nature and society. Finland wanted to build the Finnish pavilion at the Shanghai EXPO 2010 as ecologically as possible. The main planning work for the pavilion was done in Finland, while the Chinese handled the construction in Shanghai. The pavilion featured a large video installation (70 meters × 7½ meters) designed by artist Jaana Partanen and architect Heikki Lamusuo as well as a unique elevator named 'Lantern', specially designed by KONE
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Expo 2010 pavilions. France
The France Pavilion featured six paintings and one sculpture on loan from the Musée d'Orsay. The paintings included works by Paul Cézanne, Jean-François Millet, Édouard Manet, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Gauguin, while the sculpture was Auguste Rodin's The Age of Bronze'.The Age of Bronze had previously been displayed at the Exposition Universelle in 1889 and the 1900 Paris Expo. The Angélus, by Jean-François Millet, was also shown at the 1867 Expo in Paris.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. France
The French pavilion won 3rd prize for best development of theme in the pavilion, a prize category for pavilions at the expo.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Germany
The 6000 m2, Germany Pavilion was located in Zone C of the expo. The pavilion was themed "Balancity" – a portmanteau word created from a marriage of two previously existing words, balance and city – representing a balance between modernization and preservation.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. France
The centerpiece of the pavilion was a massive LED swinging ball that interacted in turn with the volume of the audience.
The pavilion won first prize for the best theme development of Expo 2010 for class A pavilions
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Greece
Due to the financial crisis, the budget for the Greece Pavilion was cut short by 40%. . The exhibition featured the countries' main highlights, including its Olympic tradition, in the hope of attracting Chinese tourists to visit Greece. By presenting the 24 hours of a day, the Greek Pavilion hoped to give visitors an experience of Greek night life in addition to the exhibits.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Hong Kong
The 2,000 m2 Hong Kong Pavilion featured an indoor recreation of the Hong Kong Wetland Park. The main theme of the Pavilion was "Hong Kong – A City with Unlimited Potential".
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Hong Kong
According to the official site, the pavilion welcomed its 1 millionth visitor on July 31, 2010, and its 2 millionth visitor on August 17, 2010.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Hungary
The Hungary Pavilion had a remarkable interior ceiling, consisting of about 1000 wooden bars hanging loosely from the ceiling, some 600 among them going up and down moved by small motors. The pavilion was decorated with natural materials; wood and a pebble stone floor, all surrounded by a water curtain – representing green living in the city. The pavilion's center exhibition item was a Gömböc, a Hungarian invention by two mathematicians. Gomboc is a homogeneous object with the same self-righting feature as roly-poly toy. Gomboc symbolizes the creative and innovative spirit of the Hungarians, and also the philosophical aspect of mankind striving for harmony and balanced life.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Hong Kong
On August 8, 2010, the pavilion welcomed its 3,333,333rd visitor – a third of Hungary's population. By the end of the expo, the Hungarian Pavilion received a total of 5,785,400 visitors. The Pavilion won the Silver Prize in pavilion design for Category C.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Iceland
The Iceland Pavilion was built in the form of a cube with the outside covered with a blue and white photo of ice. The interior of the pavilion featured videos projected onto the walls and ceiling which depicted Icelandic nature, geysers, volcanoes, a lagoon and the night skyline of Reykjavík, Iceland's capital.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. India
The 4,000 m2 India Pavilion showcased the world's largest bamboo dome inspired by the Sanchi Stupa, an ancient Buddhist monument built between 321 and 187 BC by Ashoka. The main theme was "Cities of Harmony", reflecting the country's wide range of ethnic groups, religions and languages. The pavilion had a crimson central dome, while the focus of the exhibit was on the interaction between rural and urban areas through exchange of goods and services. Revolving around a journey of Indian cities from ancient times through medieval periods to modern India, the pavilion showcased India's rich cultural heritage, its faith, culture and language diversity, traditional and modern technological development, and urban-rural interface.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Pavilion Highlights:
Tree of Life: The entrance to the pavilion was through a vaulted portal with the "Tree of Life" carving inspired by the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque at Ahmedabad. The central dome was herb-roofed with the "Tree of Life" in copper. The innovative combination of plants and metals distinguished the dome.
Zero-chemical Area: The seemingly ancient India Pavilion was replete with marvelous modern technologies. The pavilion was designed as a zero-chemical Area. Energy efficiency was made possible through the use of solar panels, wind mills, herbs, and bamboo. The terracotta and stone floor was inspired by the palace at Rampur in Varanasi and was cooled by embedded pipes, so that visitors would be touring around the pavilion in a cool and comfortable temperature even in the summer.
Indian Market: The "Indian Market" was open for curious visitors. In fact, the attic in this market belonged to one of the exhibition areas of the India Pavilion, from which one could get a bird's-eye view of the whole pavilion. The market was also a catering service area where traditional food from India was served.
360-degree Holographic Projection: Depicted India's evolution from the ancient times of Mohenjodaro and Harappa (dating back to 2000–3000 BC) through the medieval period to modern India. The display around the dome elaborated on the theme "Cities of Harmony".
Shopping Arcade and Amphitheater: The Shopping Arcade in the pavilion enabled visitors to see the artisans from different parts of the country demonstrating their skills. Also, specialized products from different regions were available for sale. The Shopping Arcade also displayed typical Indian columns in its arcade structure. The Amphitheater hosted cultural shows from different regions of India on a regular basis.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Indonesia
The 4,000 m2 Indonesia Pavilion was themed "Biodiverse City".
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Expo 2010 pavilions. India
The exterior of the pavilion was covered with green bamboo sticks with bamboo growing from the pavilion's ceiling.
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The pavilion was divided into three zones: Bio Zone, Diverse Zone and City Zone. The building also featured an indoor waterfall, Bio Tunnel, Music Tunnel, 680 m2 Borobudur Megawall, collection of 2,200 narrative exhibits, indoor screening room, amphitheater, dining area and coffee corner.
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The mascots of the pavilion were Pongo the orangutan and Koko the Komodo dragon.
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The total cost of the Indonesian Pavilion is estimated to have been IDR 200 billion or approx US$23 million.
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The Indonesia Pavilion had its 8 millionth visitor on October 29, 2010. It was the 10th most visited Pavilion and received bronze medal in Creative Display category at the Pavilion Award.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Iran
The Iran pavilion's official theme was "Blending of Diverse Cultures in the City" and highlighted traditional Islamic architecture and the colorful culture that can be found in Iranian cities. The pavilion appeared in three parts that focused on the past, present and future of Iranian excellence. A map on the front of the building focused on the ancient silk road that used to stretch across Asia, which could be seen whilst waiting to enter the pavilion. Upon entering the pavilion the visitor could see replicas of colorful Islamic tile work, and beyond a giant quarter sphere in the center of a great room that symbolizes Iran as one of the four great human populations. There were some antiques and cultural relics scattered around and a loft upstairs where rugs and sewn handicrafts were for sale. Looking forward, Iran had several displays that highlighted their ability to drill for oil and other energy resources. There was also a laser harp that could be played by visitors.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Ireland
The 2,500 m2 Ireland Pavilion was themed "Urban Space and the Evolution of Urban Life Style". The pavilion's theme symbolized the relationship between urban and nature. The exhibition inside sets the creativity of the Irish, their ancient history, vibrant modern culture, educational traditions, and technical innovations into the context of a small, but varied and beautiful island.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Italy
The Italy Pavilion, dubbed "The City of Man," was composed of 20 functional modules which could be assembled freely.
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Its design was inspired by the game of Mikado, which is called "Shanghai" in Italy and pick-up sticks elsewhere. In said game, children drop a batch of 20 to 30 sticks on a table and try to move one stick at a time without moving the others until all the sticks are cleared.
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The final project was selected from a field of 65 candidates in a competition among European Union entries, said Beniamino Quintieri, the commissioner general for Italy. The 20 modules represent the 20 regions of Italy, making the whole pavilion embody a mini Italian city.
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The building's design also represented the harmony of different cultures and regions. When people walked in the pavilion, they were to feel themselves as if walking in a city that combines Shanghai's Shikumen-style lanes and an Italian square.
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Italy reserved a 6,000 m2 plot of land for its pavilion. The edifice was made with cutting edge transparent cement which constitutes the 3,774 blocks of transparent concrete covering the building. Italcementi Group, an Italy-based cement maker, developed the transparent cement employed to build the pavilion. Although the Italian group has not fully disclosed what was put into the mixture to make the cement, they said it contains transparent thermoplastic resin and inorganic materials such as alumina which can become solid without the use of water. Each block was able to transmit 20% of the light passing through., the cement blocks themselves were produced in Taiwan by Romastone
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Hong Hao, director of the Bureau of World Expo Shanghai Coordination, said that since Milan won the bid to host World Expo 2015, Italy was more than just a participant at Shanghai Expo. He said that China and Italy were the hosts of "sister Expos" and would have many chances to share valuable experience.
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According to the pavilion's designer Giampaolo Imbrighi the Italian pavilion had these fundamental characteristics:image' – first and foremost seen as a window of Italian excellence as regards the quality of city life;
functionality – able to host and help a large number of visitors and even more, astonish them during the six months that EXPO was open;
the search for architectonic quality – referred to the dual concept tradition/innovation of the materials used for the project which are bioclimatic and eco-compatible.
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The spatial atmosphere of the building was brought about by:
regionalism – combining the variety of customs and uses of both the Chinese and Italian populations in a single national reality of great tradition;
the urban shape – the building was constructed in such a way that it shows roads and alleys which open onto a square represented by a central court. This was the heart of the Pavilion where you could find integration and exchange with city life.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Japan
The Japan Pavilion, nicknamed the "Purple Silkworm Island," resembled a living breathing organism. Under the theme "Harmony of the Hearts, Harmony of the Skills," the Japan Pavilion was separated into three separate sections: the exhibition area, the pre-show and the main show.
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Expo 2010 pavilions. Latvia
The Latvia Pavilion was themed as "Innovation city of science and technology". The philosophy and message imparted through the pavilion was "The road to happiness leads to harmony between nature and technology." The Aerodium wind tunnel was the centerpiece of the pavilion. Through the latest technological advances, the wind tunnel allowed visitors to fly in both a figurative and literal sense. The flight was said to have embodied the harmony, happiness and creative energy, that people have always pursued.
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