olmer/wiki_mpnet_embeddings · Datasets at Hugging Face

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27342974_0_4	27342974	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Nosbusch	Keith Nosbusch	Keith Nosbusch. Personal Nosbusch is a Milwaukee, Wisconsin native and is married to his wife Jane with 3 children: Carolyn, David and Laurie. During college, he was the UW–Madison football team captain and was awarded the Big Ten Medal of Honor for demonstrating joint athletic and academic excellence throughout his college career.
27342975_0_0	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. In mathematics, a highly structured ring spectrum or -ring is an object in homotopy theory encoding a refinement of a multiplicative structure on a cohomology theory. A commutative version of an -ring is called an -ring. While originally motivated by questions of geometric topology and bundle theory, they are today most often used in stable homotopy theory.
27342975_1_0	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Background Highly structured ring spectra have better formal properties than multiplicative cohomology theories – a point utilized, for example, in the construction of topological modular forms, and which has allowed also new constructions of more classical objects such as Morava K-theory. Beside their formal properties, -structures are also important in calculations, since they allow for operations in the underlying cohomology theory, analogous to (and generalizing) the well-known Steenrod operations in ordinary cohomology. As not every cohomology theory allows such operations, not every multiplicative structure may be refined to an -structure and even in cases where this is possible, it may be a formidable task to prove that.
27342975_1_1	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Background The rough idea of highly structured ring spectra is the following: If multiplication in a cohomology theory (analogous to the multiplication in singular cohomology, inducing the cup product) fulfills associativity (and commutativity) only up to homotopy, this is too lax for many constructions (e.g. for limits and colimits in the sense of category theory). On the other hand, requiring strict associativity (or commutativity) in a naive way is too restrictive for many of the wanted examples. A basic idea is that the relations need only hold up to homotopy, but these homotopies should fulfill again some homotopy relations, whose homotopies again fulfill some further homotopy conditions; and so on. The classical approach organizes this structure via operads, while the recent approach of Jacob Lurie deals with it using -operads in -categories. The most widely used approaches today employ the language of model categories.
27342975_1_2	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Background All these approaches depend on building carefully an underlying category of spectra.
27342975_2_0	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Operads The theory of operads is motivated by the study of loop spaces. A loop space ΩX has a multiplication
27342975_2_1	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition by composition of loops. Here the two loops are sped up by a factor of 2 and the first takes the interval [0,1/2] and the second [1/2,1]. This product is not associative since the scalings are not compatible, but it is associative up to homotopy and the homotopies are coherent up to higher homotopies and so on. This situation can be made precise by saying that ΩX is an algebra over the little interval operad. This is an example of an -operad, i.e. an operad of topological spaces which is homotopy equivalent to the associative operad but which has appropriate "freeness" to allow things only to hold up to homotopy (succinctly: any cofibrant replacement of the associative operad). An -ring spectrum can now be imagined as an algebra over an -operad in a suitable category of spectra and suitable compatibility conditions (see May, 1977).
27342975_2_2	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition For the definition of -ring spectra essentially the same approach works, where one replaces the -operad by an -operad, i.e. an operad of contractible topological spaces with analogous "freeness" conditions. An example of such an operad can be again motivated by the study of loop spaces. The product of the double loop space is already commutative up to homotopy, but this homotopy fulfills no higher conditions. To get full coherence of higher homotopies one must assume that the space is (equivalent to) an n-fold loopspace for all n. This leads to the in -cube operad of infinite-dimensional cubes in infinite-dimensional space, which is an example of an -operad.
27342975_2_3	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition The above approach was pioneered by J. Peter May. Together with Elmendorf, Kriz and Mandell he developed in the 90s a variant of his older definition of spectra, so called S-modules (see Elmendorf et al., 2007). S-modules possess a model structure, whose homotopy category is the stable homotopy category. In S-modules the category of modules over an -operad and the category of monoids are Quillen equivalent and likewise the category of modules over an -operad and the category of commutative monoids. Therefore, is it possible to define -ring spectra and -ring spectra as (commutative) monoids in the category of S-modules, so called (commutative) S-algebras. Since (commutative) monoids are easier to deal with than algebras over complicated operads, this new approach is for many purposes more convenient. It should, however, be noted that the actual construction of the category of S-modules is technically quite complicated.
27342975_2_4	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Diagram spectra Another approach to the goal of seeing highly structured ring spectra as monoids in a suitable category of spectra are categories of diagram spectra. Probably the most famous one of these is the category of symmetric spectra, pioneered by Jeff Smith. Its basic idea is the following:
27342975_2_5	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition In the most naive sense, a spectrum is a sequence of (pointed) spaces together with maps , where ΣX denotes the suspension. Another viewpoint is the following: one considers the category of sequences of spaces together with the monoidal structure given by a smash product. Then the sphere sequence has the structure of a monoid and spectra are just modules over this monoid. If this monoid was commutative, then a monoidal structure on the category of modules over it would arise (as in algebra the modules over a commutative ring have a tensor product). But the monoid structure of the sphere sequence is not commutative due to different orderings of the coordinates.
27342975_2_6	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition The idea is now that one can build the coordinate changes into the definition of a sequence: a symmetric sequence is a sequence of spaces together with an action of the n-th symmetric group on . If one equips this with a suitable monoidal product, one gets that the sphere sequence is a commutative monoid. Now symmetric spectra are modules over the sphere sequence, i.e. a sequence of spaces together with an action of the n-th symmetric group on and maps satisfying suitable equivariance conditions. The category of symmetric spectra has a monoidal product denoted by . A highly structured (commutative) ring spectrum is now defined to be a (commutative) monoid in symmetric spectra, called a (commutative) symmetric ring spectrum. This boils down to giving maps
27342975_2_7	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition which satisfy suitable equivariance, unitality and associativity (and commutativity) conditions (see Schwede 2007).
27342975_2_8	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition There are several model structures on symmetric spectra, which have as homotopy the stable homotopy category. Also here it is true that the category of modules over an -operad and the category of monoids are Quillen equivalent and likewise the category of modules over an -operad and the category of commutative monoids.
27342975_2_9	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition A variant of symmetric spectra are orthogonal spectra, where one substitutes the symmetric group by the orthogonal group (see Mandell et al., 2001). They have the advantage that the naively defined homotopy groups coincide with those in the stable homotopy category, which is not the case for symmetric spectra. (I.e., the sphere spectrum is now cofibrant.) On the other hand, symmetric spectra have the advantage that they can also be defined for simplicial sets. Symmetric and orthogonal spectra are arguably the simplest ways to construct a sensible symmetric monoidal category of spectra.
27342975_3_0	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Infinity-categories Infinity-categories are a variant of classical categories where composition of morphisms is not uniquely defined, but only up to contractible choice. In general, it does not make sense to say that a diagram commutes strictly in an infinity-category, but only that it commutes up to coherent homotopy. One can define an infinity-category of spectra (as done by Lurie). One can also define infinity-versions of (commutative) monoids and then define -ring spectra as monoids in spectra and -ring spectra as commutative monoids in spectra. This is worked out in Lurie's book Higher Algebra.
27342975_3_1	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Comparison The categories of S-modules, symmetric and orthogonal spectra and their categories of (commutative) monoids admit comparisons via Quillen equivalences due to work of several mathematicians (including Schwede). In spite of this the model category of S-modules and the model category of symmetric spectra have quite different behaviour: in S-modules every object is fibrant (which is not true in symmetric spectra), while in symmetric spectra the sphere spectrum is cofibrant (which is not true in S-modules). By a theorem of Lewis, it is not possible to construct one category of spectra, which has all desired properties. A comparison of the infinity category approach to spectra with the more classical model category approach of symmetric spectra can be found in Lurie's Higher Algebra 4.4.4.9.
27342975_3_2	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Examples It is easiest to write down concrete examples of -ring spectra in symmetric/orthogonal spectra. The most fundamental example is the sphere spectrum with the (canonical) multiplication map . It is also not hard to write down multiplication maps for Eilenberg-MacLane spectra (representing ordinary cohomology) and certain Thom spectra (representing bordism theories). Topological (real or complex) K-theory is also an example, but harder to obtain: in symmetric spectra one uses a C*-algebra interpretation of K-theory, in the operad approach one uses a machine of multiplicative infinite loop space theory.
27342975_3_3	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Infinity-categories A more recent approach for finding -refinements of multiplicative cohomology theories is Goerss–Hopkins obstruction theory. It succeeded in finding -ring structures on Lubin–Tate spectra and on elliptic spectra. By a similar (but older) method, it could also be shown that Morava K-theory and also other variants of Brown-Peterson cohomology possess an -ring structure (see e.g. Baker and Jeanneret, 2002). Basterra and Mandell have shown that Brown–Peterson cohomology has even an -ring structure, where an -structure is defined by replacing the operad of infinite-dimensional cubes in infinite-dimensional space by 4-dimensional cubes in 4-dimensional space in the definition of -ring spectra. On the other hand, Tyler Lawson has shown that Brown–Peterson cohomology does not have an structure.
27342975_3_4	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. Constructions Highly structured ring spectra allow many constructions. They form a model category, and therefore (homotopy) limits and colimits exist. Modules over a highly structured ring spectrum form a stable model category. In particular, their homotopy category is triangulated. If the ring spectrum has an -structure, the category of modules has a monoidal smash product; if it is at least , then it has a symmetric monoidal (smash) product. One can form group ring spectra. One can define the algebraic K-theory, topological Hochschild homology, and so on, of a highly structured ring spectrum. One can define the space of units, which is crucial for some questions of orientability of bundles.
27342975_4_0	27342975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum	Highly structured ring spectrum. References about structure of E∞-ring spectra Basterra, M.; Mandell, M.A. (2005). "Homology and Cohomology of E-infinity Ring Spectra" (PDF)
27342992_0_0	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. Catherine D. Kimball, known as Kitty Kimball (born February 7, 1945), is the retired Chief Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court.
27342992_0_1	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. Early life Catherine Dick was the only daughter of five children born to Jane C. (née Kelley) and William H. Dick in Alexandria, Louisiana on February 7, 1945. She graduated in 1963 from Bolton High School in Alexandria. In 1966, Kimball graduated from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. In 1970, she received her Juris Doctor from the Louisiana State University Law Center, also in Baton Rouge.
27342992_0_2	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. Personal life Her husband, Clyde Kimball, also an LSU graduate, is a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives and a former deputy secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. The couple first lived in New Roads, where in the 1970s she practiced law and was an assistant prosecutor.
27342992_0_3	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. The couple now reside in Ventress in Pointe Coupee Parish. They have three children. They are Roman Catholic.
27342992_0_4	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. On January 10, 2010, Justice Kimball had a stroke and underwent post-stroke rehabilitation therapy at the Neuromedical Rehabilitation Hospital in Baton Rouge until her release five weeks later.
27342992_0_5	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. Career She began her judicial career in her native Alexandria, Louisiana, as a law clerk to Judge Nauman Scott of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.
27342992_0_6	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. Formerly a Democrat, Kimball was listed in 2015 as a registered Independent voter by the office of Louisiana Secretary of State Tom Schedler.
27342992_0_7	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. In 1992, Kimball carried all twelve parishes in the Louisiana Supreme Court Fifth District, including St. Landry and East Baton Rouge, to become her state's first female Supreme Court justice. She was an associate justice from 1993 to 2009, when she was elevated to Chief Justice, a position she held until her retirement in 2013. In 1983, she succeeded her husband's uncle, Dan Kimball, to become the first woman elected to the 18th Judicial District Court for Iberville, Pointe Coupee, and West Baton Rouge parishes.
27342992_0_8	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. Retirement Kimball retired from the court on February 1, 2013. Her successor is Bernette Joshua Johnson, an African-American Democrat from New Orleans. Under the Louisiana Constitution, the longest-serving associate justice succeeds to the position of chief justice if a vacancy occurs in the higher position prior to the next election. Johnson's service dates to 1994 when she was elected to a circuit judgeship but then appointed to the Supreme Court under a federal consent decree which temporarily increased the number of justices from seven to eight. The number two in seniority, Jeffrey P. Victory of Shreveport, a white Democrat-turned-Republican, had maintained that he was the rightful successor to Kimball because he was elected to the Supreme Court in 1994 while he was already a circuit court judge. Victory did not begin his current all-elected service on the state Supreme Court until January 1995. After a legal challenge, the federal courts ruled Johnson the successor to Kimball. Victory retired from the court on December 31, 2014.
27342992_0_9	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. Legacy In 2011, Justice Kimball was inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.
27342992_0_10	27342992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball	Catherine D. Kimball. See also List of first women lawyers and judges in Maine List of female state supreme court justices
27342997_0_0	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Trevor James Constable (17 September 1925 − 31 March 2016) was an early UFO writer who believed that the UFO phenomenon was best explained by the presence of enormous amoeba-like animals inhabiting earth's atmosphere. A native of Wellington, New Zealand, he served 31 years at sea, 26 of them as a radio officer in the U.S. merchant marine. He authored several books on the aerial warfare of World War II, together with co-author Raymond Toliver. These works have been described as uncritical and not grounded in historical realities by several historians.
27342997_0_1	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Authorship on World War II Constable was an author who produced 10 non-fiction books, many well known to aficionados of famous fighter aces. His co-author on these works was Raymond Toliver, a former U.S. Air Force pilot and official historian of the American Fighter Aces Association. Their work on German fighter ace Erich Hartmann, The Blond Knight of Germany, was described by historians Ronald Smelser and Edward J. Davies in their work The Myth of the Eastern Front as a "hallmark of romanization", with its "insidious" title suggesting medieval chivalry that "not only fails to characterize the conduct of the Wehrmacht during the Soviet-German war, but, indeed, marks its opposite".
27342997_0_2	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. The historian Jens Wehner notes that the 1971 book by Constable and Toliver on Hartmann, published in German as Holt Hartmann vom Himmel! Die Geschichte des erfolgreichsten Jagdfliegers der Welt, was immensely popular in Germany, but contained serious flaws in terms of presentation of historical realities. These included the uncritical borrowing from the Nazi propaganda elements of the Fliegerassen ("aces") and stereotypes about the Soviet Union. According to Wehner, the latter could be traced to the prevailing attitudes during the Cold War. Further, the political and social consequences of World War II were completely ignored.
27342997_0_3	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. UFO hypothesis After reading about radionics and Wilhelm Reich's orgone, Constable became convinced that supposed UFOs were in fact living organisms. He set out to prove his theory by taking a camera with him, fitted with an ultra-violet lens and high-speed film. The processed pictured showed signs of discolouration, which Constable insisted were proof of amoeba-like animals inhabiting the sky.
27342997_0_4	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Reviewing his new found 'evidence', Constable was moved to write in two books that the creatures, though not existing outside of the "infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum", had been on this Earth since it was more gaseous than solid. He claimed that the creatures belonged to a new offshoot of evolution, and that the species should be classified under macrobacteria. According to Constable, the creatures could be the size of a coin or as large as half a mile across.
27342997_0_5	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. The biology of the creatures supposedly meant that they were visible to radar, even when not to the naked eye. To explain supposed cattle (and occasionally human) mutilations, Constable theorised that the use of radar angered the organisms, who would become predatory when provoked. At a later date a crypto-zoologist officially classified these supposed creatures as Amoebae constablea, named after their discoverer. Constable wrote a book entitled The Cosmic Pulse of Life in 1975 that outlined his ideas.
27342997_1_0	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers In 1991 Constable worked with the local Malaccan government on a project to fill the Durian Tunggal Dam.
27342997_1_1	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers He and the company promoted the idea that they had created a 'rain-making' technology, which employed "metal cylinders placed in cones and modified gadgets", which would then alter the ether or 'chi' of the atmosphere. The benefits of using such a device were touted as avoiding electromagnetism or radioactive substances being placed into the country's air. Constable did express concern at having to use the devices for a localised area, saying that "it's like trying to put rain in a small container".
27342997_1_2	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers Constable claimed that his technology and methods had already been used to fill the Gibraltar Dam in California.
27342997_1_3	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers In the earlier stages of the operation there were apparently not yet any notable results in filling the reservoir, and some Malacca residents blamed evil spirits, which were fighting against the attempts to align the atmosphere. Constable said he believed "there could be some truth in the rumours", but he was confident that his technology could overcome the obstacle.
27342997_1_4	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers The Malaysian government eventually began a probe into TJC/Atmos Engineers to look into whether there was any evidence that the State government had been cheated. In total the local government had paid them $3.2 million. However, the following was reported on Aug 14, 1991 in the New Straits Times, "TJC Atmos Engineers was hired by the Malacca Government to solve the State's water problems by filling up the 28-metre Durian Tunggal dam which dried up in January. They will be paid $3.2 Million if they succeed and half if the dam is half full by the end of next month. The operation started on July 1. Mr. Constable described the contract to undertake the operation in Malacca as totally contingent - no result, no pay." It would appear then that if the Malacca Government paid out the full amount of $3.2 Million to TJC/Atmos Engineers, that they would have been deemed to have fulfilled the full contractual obligations for receiving that sum of money.
27342997_1_5	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. Bibliography Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor J. Constable. Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe. London: Arthur Barker, 1968. Reissued: Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 1996 Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor J. Constable. The Blond Knight of Germany: A biography of Erich Hartmann. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Tab Aero, 1970. Trevor James [Constable]. They Live in the Sky! Los Angeles: New Age Publishing Co., 1958. Trevor James [Constable]. The cosmic pulse of life: the revolutionary biological power behind UFOs. Santa Ana, CA: Merlin Press, 1976.
27342997_2_0	27342997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable	Trevor James Constable	Trevor James Constable. 1925 births 2016 deaths Parapsychologists People from Wellington City UFO writers United States Merchant Mariners
27343042_0_0	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. Derek Forbort (born March 4, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the Los Angeles Kings, Calgary Flames and Winnipeg Jets. He was originally selected by the Kings, 15th overall, in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.
27343042_0_1	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. Playing career Forbort played his junior season of high school hockey for Duluth East High School in 2008–09, finishing with 28 points in 21 games, and was named a regional All-Star. He completed the season by playing nine games with the USA Hockey National Team Development Program (USNTDP) in the United States Hockey League (USHL). He played his first full season with the USNTDP in 2009–10, scoring 4 goals and 14 points in 26 USHL league games, and 25 points overall in 56 games with the development team.
27343042_0_2	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. He then began his freshman season for the University of North Dakota for the 2010–11 season. He played with the American team at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships, recording two assists and a +9 rating, en route to winning a gold medal. Forbort had committed to play for the University of North Dakota men's ice hockey team in the National Collegiate Athletic Association in 2010.
27343042_0_3	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. Professional Forbort was highly regarded by scouts and was projected to become a two-way defenseman in the National Hockey League (NHL). The NHL Central Scouting Bureau ranked Forbort as the ninth best North American skater for the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, an improvement on his midterm ranking of 11th. International Scouting Services named him tenth overall. Expected to be a first round selection, Forbort was taken 15th overall by the Los Angeles Kings.
27343042_0_4	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. On April 5, 2013, Forbort signed a three-year entry level contract with the Los Angeles Kings.
27343042_0_5	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. In the 2014–15 season, on February 11, 2015, the Kings recalled Forbort from the Manchester Monarchs of the American Hockey League (AHL). He was later returned to the Monarchs without playing a game for the Kings. He eventually made his NHL debut the following season on October 16, 2015, against the Minnesota Wild and recorded his first NHL goal in a 5–0 win over the Vancouver Canucks on December 28.
27343042_0_6	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. In the 2016–17 season, his second with the Kings, Forbort made the opening roster. He recorded 18 points in 82 games during the season.
27343042_0_7	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. On October 19, 2017, Forbort signed a two-year contract extension with the Kings.
27343042_0_8	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. In the 2019–20 season, Forbort began his eighth season within the Kings organization on the injured reserve. After returning from a conditioning assignment with the Ontario Reign, he featured in just 14 games for 1 assist. On February 24, 2020, Forbort was dealt by the Kings at the NHL trade deadline to the Calgary Flames in exchange for a 2021 conditional fourth-round pick.
27343042_0_9	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. As a free agent, Forbort signed a one-year, $1 million contract with the Winnipeg Jets on October 11, 2020. In the pandemic delayed season, Forbort appeared in every game for the Jets on the blueline, contributing with 2 goals and 12 points in 56 regular season games.
27343042_0_10	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. On July 28, 2021, Forbort left at the conclusion of his contract with the Jets to sign a three-year, $9 million contract with the Boston Bruins as a free agent. He scored his first goal as a Bruin on October 24, 2021, against the San Jose Sharks.
27343042_0_11	27343042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort	Derek Forbort	Derek Forbort. International play Forbort played for the US national team at the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Buffalo, New York, winning a bronze medal.
27343053_0_0	27343053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes. Epixenosomes, also known as Candidatus Epixenosoma are a genus of bacteria in the phylum Verrucomicrobia that form a symbiosis with marine ciliates of the genus Euplotidium, where they help to defend their ciliate hosts against predators. It is a monospecific genus, containing only the species Ca. Epixenosoma ejectans.
27343053_0_1	27343053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes. Description Epixenosomes possess two distinct developmental phases linked to the host cell cycle. Stage I epixenosomes are spherical, 0.5 μm in diameter and are surrounded by two membranes. They divide by direct binary fission. Stage II epixenosomes are egg-shaped (2.2 μm in length and 1 μm in width) and show complex organization with different cytoplasmic compartments, more complicated than the majority of prokaryotic organisms. They contain an extrusive apparatus within a proteinaceous matrix, although apparently not membrane-bound, which differs from the remaining cytoplasm. A functional cell compartmentalization has also been evidenced.
27343053_0_2	27343053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes. Their phylogenetic position was originally unclear, because they appeared to have both prokaryote-like traits, such as binary fission, and eukaryote-like traits, such as intracellular membranes. However, molecular phylogenetics showed that they are actually bacteria from the phylum Verrucomicrobia.
27343053_0_3	27343053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes. Defensive symbiosis with Euplotidium Epixenosomes live on the dorsal surface of their hosts, marine ciliates in the genus Euplotidium. The name "epixenosomes" comes from the ancient Greek , meaning "external alien body", referring to their extracellular position on the host. The extrusive apparatus ejects its contents when triggered; this process helps to defend the ciliate host against predators. Although Euplotidium can grow and reproduce without epixenosomes, those with epixenosomes have much higher survival when exposed to predators such as the ciliate Litonotus.
27343053_0_4	27343053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes. External signals of unknown origin are detected by the membrane receptors located at the top of the organism. The consequent activation of the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system triggers the ejection of the extrusive apparatus, with the formation of a hollow tube, about 40 μm long, terminating in a head mainly consisting of the apical portion of the epixenosome (the region containing DNA).
27343053_0_5	27343053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes. The extrusive apparatus is surrounded by a basket of tubules. Experiments with antitubulin drugs and immunocytochemical analyses at the optical and electron microscopical level suggested that these tubules consist of tubulin, which is a eukaryotic protein. Although some free-living Verrucomicrobia are reported to have tubulin genes, they have not been found to have tubular structures like those of epixenosomes.
27343053_0_6	27343053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes	Epixenosomes. See also R bodies Kappa organism Extrusome - organelles in some protists that have a similar function as epixenosomes
27343057_0_0	27343057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bernard	Jean-Bernard	Jean-Bernard. Jean-Bernard is a French masculine given name. It may refer to : Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan (1748–1796), a French officer for the Continental Army Jean-Bernard Knepper (1638–1698), a Luxembourg advocat and notary Jean-Bernard Ndongo Essomba, a Cameroonian politician Jean-Bernard Racine (born 1940), a Swiss Professor of geography Jean-Bernard Raimond (1926–2016), a conservative French politician Jean-Bernard Restout (1732–1797), a French painter Jean Bernard Sindeu, a Cameroonian politician
27343057_0_1	27343057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bernard	Jean-Bernard	Jean-Bernard. See also Jean Bernard (disambiguation) Jean-Bernard, abbé Le Blanc (1707–1781), a French art critic Marc Jean-Bernard (born 1952), a French/American philosopher, classical musician and musicologist Gouffre Jean-Bernard, one of the deepest known caves in the world
27343069_0_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. The Concentration Camps Inspectorate (CCI) or in German, IKL (Inspektion der Konzentrationslager; ) was the central SS administrative and managerial authority for the concentration camps of the Third Reich. Created by Theodor Eicke, it was originally known as the "General Inspection of the Enhanced SS-Totenkopfstandarten", after Eicke's position in the SS. It was later integrated into the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office as "Amt D".
27343069_1_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps SS-Oberführer Theodor Eicke, became commandant of Dachau concentration camp on 26 June 1933. His form of organization at Dachau stood as the model for all later concentration camps. Eicke claimed the title of "Concentration Camps Inspector" for himself by May 1934. As part of the disempowerment of the SA through murder during the "Night of the Long Knives" he had personally shot Ernst Röhm on 1 July 1934.
27343069_1_1	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps Shortly after the Röhm affair on 4 July 1934, Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler officially named Eicke chief of the Inspektion der Konzentrationslager—IKL (Concentration Camps Inspectorate or CCI). He also promoted Eicke to the rank of SS-Gruppenführer in command of the SS-Wachverbände. Himmler was unquestionably the master of the police organizations and the associated camps, but only those places under the official jurisdiction of the CCI were considered "concentration camps" within the territory comprising the Third Reich.
27343069_1_2	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps As a result of the Night of the Long Knives, the remaining SA-run camps were taken over by the SS. The factional police functions of the SS were dissolved on 20 July 1934 with the subordination of the SA. Additionally, the Concentration Camps Inspectorate (CCI) was officially established as a department for Eicke. The CCI moved into offices at Gestapo headquarters on Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse 8 in Berlin. While the offices of Reinhard Heydrich's police apparatus was in close physical proximity to the CCI office of Eicke, Himmler kept them distinct and separated; Heydrich policed the Reich, arrested and detained people and then sent them to concentration camps, where the inmates were superintended by the CCI under Eicke. The CCI was subordinate to the SD and Gestapo only in regards to who was admitted to the camps and who was released; what happened inside the camps was at the discretion of the CCI.
27343069_1_3	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps The head of the CCI (first Eicke) was subordinate both to the SS-Amt as an SS member but really only reported directly to the Chief of the German Police, Reichsführer-SS Himmler in this role. This form of dual subordination was characteristic of many SS posts and created free room for interpretation for their members, which is how and why the CCI under Eicke became an institution of both the Nazi Party and the state. Eicke had a free hand in bringing the concentration camps to the highest "level of efficiency"; he especially knew how to use this system for his own ends and contributed significantly to the CCI having sole control of all concentration camp prisoners.
27343069_1_4	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspectorate from 1934 to 1945 In 1934, the CCI under Eicke was operating outward from Dachau. Changes and reorganization of the many camps were on the horizon. Under Eicke's direction, the smaller detention centers and punitive facilities throughout Germany were consolidated into five principle camps at Esterwegen, Lichtenburg, Moringen, Sachsenburg, and Dachau. The SS camp guards of the CCI came from all walks of life; there were men, women, Germans, non-Germans, Protestants, Catholics, other religious faiths, elderly soldiers, young men, army conscripts, ideologues, sadistic killers, and those who treated inmates humanely. In 1936, the concentration camp guards and administration units were formally designated as the SS-Totenkopfverbände (Death's Head Troops; SS-TV). In April 1936, Eicke was named commander of the SS-Totenkopfverbände and the number of men under his command increased from 2,876 to 3,222; the CCI was also provided official funding through the Reich's budget office, and Eicke was allowed to recruit future troops from the Hitler Youth based on regional needs.
27343069_1_5	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps The CCI's leader, Eicke, advocated for a tight-knit group. He also did his best to instill a sense of loyalty within the SS men assigned to the camps, encouraging "bombast, bravado, and deadly earnestness" in carrying out their duties. As the camps expanded into the mid-1930s, so did the number of personnel assigned to the CCI. Eicke's most important subordinate, beginning in 1936, was Richard Glücks. On 1 April 1936, Glücks was named by Eicke military chief of staff of the Inspector of the Wachverbände and later became Eicke's deputy. Many of the administrative duties at the CCI that Eicke preferred to ignore were assumed by Glücks, which over time led to his usurping significant amounts of authority; Glücks subsequent rise to prominence within the Nazi ranks had more to do with Eicke's "ineffectual management" of clerical responsibilities than Glücks' competence.
27343069_1_6	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps Ideological training intensified under Eicke's command and military training for new recruits working the camps was increased. Sometime in August 1938, Eicke's entire support staff was moved to Oranienburg (near Sachsenhausen) where the CCI's main office would remain until 1945. Nonetheless, Eicke's role as the chief of the CCI placed him within the framework of Heydrich's secret state police; whereas his command of the Death's Head units, made him accountable to the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) of the SS. All SS camps' regulations, both for guards and prisoners, followed the Dachau camp model established by Eicke. On 1 April 1937, the SS leadership consolidated the CCI's primary organization, the Death's Head Battalion, into three units; the first for service at Dachau, the second at Sachsenhausen, and the third at Buchenwald. Then during the autumn of 1938, a fourth unit was created for the latest concentration camp at Mauthausen. The CCI also administered the Columbia-Haus concentration camp in Berlin-Tempelhof. One of the CCI's original camps, Lichtenburg (which housed mostly women), was closed in May 1939 when Ravensbrück concentration camp became operational. Secrecy increased among the guards and CCI staff as the number of camps and the supporting network expanded. New camps were "largely shielded from sight" and established in remote places. The war contributed to this expansion as the camp system itself grew to support the Nazi territorial occupation with corresponding rapidity. Just one day after invading Poland (2 September 1939) for instance, the Nazis established the Stutthof concentration camp near Danzig.
27343069_1_7	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps At the beginning of World War II, Eicke was reassigned to the front, to be the commander of the SS-Totenkopf-Standarten. Eicke's Waffen-SS unit carried-out policing duties, deportations, and even executions through 1940 and into 1941, a function that was in accordance with the Nazi regime's ethnic and political goals. Glücks was appointed the new CCI chief by Himmler in mid-November 1939. Glücks made few changes, leaving the organizational structure intact as Eicke had set it up. By 1940, the CCI came under the control of the Verwaltung und Wirtschaftshauptamt Hauptamt (VuWHA; Administration and Business office) which was set up under Oswald Pohl. Then in 1942, the CCI became Amt D (Office D) of the consolidated main office, known as the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office (SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt; WVHA). Therefore, the entire concentration camp system was placed under the authority of the WVHA with the CCI now subordinated to the Chief of the WVHA.
27343069_1_8	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps Near the end of 1941 and beginning of 1942, it was decided that to support the Nazi war machine, concentration camp prisoners should be put to work in armaments factories. Competing interests and SS beliefs placed the leadership of the WVHA and the CCI at odds with one another, particularly concerning slave labor; namely as Eicke thought of concentration camp inmates more along punitive politico-ideological lines, whereas Pohl viewed prisoners within the camps as economic fodder to be fully exploited, especially in cases where they possessed needed industrial skills or expertise. Conflicts between the WVHA and the CCI only proved deadly to the prisoners due to the fact that both organizations were equally reckless and inconsiderate to the needs of their slave-labor force. Since the inception of the concentration camp system, Pohl had been trying to influence the administration of them. He succeeded, in part, because while camp commandants handled the discipline of SS members under them, they were not actually their superiors. The SS camp members received their instructions from the CCI (later "Amt D"), through their SS camp department heads. This is another example of the SS practice of dual subordination.
27343069_1_9	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Inspector of all concentration camps Except for the admittance and release of concentration camp prisoners, which the SD and Gestapo handled (later as departments of the RSHA), the CCI had sole control over the prisoners. The CCI made all decisions regarding internal camp matters. The CCI also coordinated the operations for systematic murder in other SS divisions, for example, the murder of Soviet commissars, and the T4 killing operations like Action 14f13. Auschwitz-Birkenau and Majdanek concentration camps were under the CCI, having been especially built for use as extermination camps in the Final Solution. Perhaps unique in part due to the scope of its operations, Auschwitz-Birkenau was concomitantly under the jurisdiction of the WVHA and within the administrative control of the CCI.
27343069_2_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Divisions and duties The Politische Abteilung ("political department"), which controlled the lives of prisoners at each camp, became the most important subdivision within the CCI.
27343069_2_1	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. SS hierarchy inside the camps Under Eicke's direction, all new concentration camps were organized along the "Dachau model". Principally, this meant the segregation of SS members from among the guards or those working in the commandant's department. Within the commandant's department, the same sections were formed, building a core command structure that was replicated at each camp.
27343069_2_2	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Commandant / Adjutant Political Department Protective Custody Camp Administration Camp Doctor Guard Command
27343069_2_3	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. SS hierarchy inside the camps Because of the CCI Inspector's personnel policy, which was based largely on personal relationships, there was only a small elite cadre of concentration camp commandants during the entire Nazi era. Unlike the guards, these "experts" were generally not dispatched to the front.
27343069_3_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Duties of the Schutzhaftlagerführer The Schutzhaftlagerführer (head of the "preventive detention camp") and his adjutant were responsible for the operation of the camp. The Schutzhaftlagerführer had to maintain order, take care of daily routines, roll calls and so on. Under him were the Rapportführer, the Arbeitseinsatzführer and the Oberaufseherin (if there was a women's camp). They were directly responsible for order in the camp and they assigned prisoners to the outside work details. The Blockführer, each of whom were responsible for one or more barracks, were subordinate to them. The Arbeitseinsatzführer (head of "work details") was responsible for prisoner work details, both at the camp and outside and making use of professional skills and abilities. The Arbeitseinsatzführer had every prisoner in the camp listed in a card file by profession and skill.
27343069_3_1	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Duties of the Schutzhaftlagerführer Subordinate to him, was the Arbeitsdienstführer (an SS-Unterführer) who was responsible for assembling and supervising the "internal command", the prisoner functionaries. The Blockführer ("block" or "barracks" leader) identified candidates from the ranks of prisoners to become the Blockälteste" ("barracks elder") and the Stubenälteste" ("room elder"). Prisoner functionaries were used by the SS as auxiliary police in a "divide-and-conquer strategy".
27343069_4_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Duties of the political department The Politische Abteilung was responsible for records about prisoners, their initial registration, release, transfer, police comments about the death or escape of a prisoner, investigations (which most often involved torture or threats), and keeping prisoner card files up to date. The head of the political department was always an officer from the Gestapo, generally an officer from the Kriminalpolizei ("criminal police"). He was subordinate to the local Gestapo headquarters, but often received instructions and orders from the RSHA, generally the office involved with matters related to "protective custody". For example, execution orders went directly from the RSHA office to the Politische Abteilung and the RSHA decreed individual admissions and release of protective custody prisoners.
27343069_4_1	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Duties of the political department As a Gestapo officer, the head of the political department reported to the RSHA or the local Gestapo headquarters. He was subordinate to them, as was his deputy. The other members of the department, however, as members of the Waffen-SS, were subordinate to the Gestapo regarding technical and functional matters, but otherwise belonged to the Stabskompanie (staff troops) so that in terms of discipline, they were subject to the camp commandant.
27343069_5_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Duties of the maintenance department The maintenance department was responsible for housing, food, clothing and remuneration of the command staff and guards, as well as for housing, feeding and clothing the prisoners. It was the chief accounting clerk in a commercial enterprise, responsible for the verification of all material goods and their current status and the management and upkeep of its real property. Internal accounts were prepared as requested by Amt D IV, first under Richard Glücks, then Gerhard Mauer. An important office of this department was the Gefangeneneigentumsverwaltung, the "prisoners' property management", which was responsible for holding all the personal property brought to the camps by the prisoners, for sorting, bundling and storing the prisoners' money, valuables, "civilian" clothing and so on. This department was held responsible for the assets; embezzlement or misappropriation was disciplined and offenders could be held criminally liable.
27343069_6_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Duties of the chief physician The head of the Sanitätswesen was in charge of several camp doctors, including dentists, who were subordinate to him. They had several areas of responsibility. The "troops doctor" was responsible for the medical care of the SS guards. The rest of the camp doctors divided up the remaining areas of the camp (men's camp, women's camp, etc.), according to the duty roster. The medical care of prisoners was secondary to their main tasks. Of primary importance were camp hygiene to prevent disease and maintaining prisoners' capacity to work. To this end, they availed themselves of prisoners who were doctors and nurses to serve as auxiliary staff in the infirmary. Direct contact with prisoners as patients was rare.
27343069_6_1	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Duties of the chief physician In addition, camp doctors had different non-medical or pseudo-medical tasks, such as selections at arriving transports with new prisoners and in the infirmary (deciding who was fit to work and who should be killed), supervision of gassing procedures, supervision of the removal of dental gold from dead prisoners' mouths, certification of death after executions, especially murders committed by the camp Gestapo, performing abortions and sterilizations on prisoners, as well as taking part in pseudo-scientific human experiments.
27343069_6_2	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Management In a study, historian Karin Orth established that the management level at the concentration camps (commandants and division heads) repeatedly were recruited from a small group of SS members. Excluding the approximately 110 camp doctors, who were subject to a bit more fluctuation, this group numbered about 207 men and a few women. Orth showed numerous similarities within this group, including social background, path of life, year of birth (around 1902), the date they joined the SS and their political development. In January 1945, there were 37,674 men and 3,508 women working as concentration camp guards.
27343069_6_3	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Rotation By 1944, it became standard practice to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, partly based on manpower needs, but also to provide easier assignments to wounded Waffen-SS members who could no longer serve at the front. Job rotation between concentration camps and the Waffen-SS is estimated to have involved at least 10,000 men and some historians think the number of personnel rotated between the two duties could be as high as 60,000. This exchange of staff in particular refutes the claim that the Waffen-SS had no connections with the SS guards of the concentration camps. Nearly the entire SS knew what was going on inside the concentration camps, making the entire organization liable for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
27343069_7_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Procedures for punishing violations The CCI set uniform guidelines for the punishment of violations, enabling Himmler to insist, for purposes of Nazi propaganda, that a proper procedure was in place for the punishment of violations at concentration camps. Adherence to the guidelines was rare, however. Dachau was the first systematically organized concentration camp of the National Socialists. The regimentation of concentration camp order and resulting penalties were later extended to all SS concentration camps. Since Dachau was set up as the model camp, other camps' procedure for punishing violations followed the example of Dachau.
27343069_7_1	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Procedures for punishing violations The punishment of a violation began with the "violations report". A prisoner could be punished for violations related to camp order, such as missing a button on his jacket, for a dish that wasn't washed well enough. The SS man noted the prisoner number on the violations report. Under Egon Zill, for example, prisoner functionaries, such as the Lagerälteste, were instructed to deliver some 30–40 violations daily to the SS. If a group of prisoners collectively violated a camp regulation, the entire group would have to kneel and then be beaten, for example. If they didn't call the name of any individual prisoner, then all the names would be noted on the violations report. Work crews were searched before and after work for contraband, such as a cigarette butt. The penalty for smaller things was corporal punishment or excessive exercise. A more serious violation, such as sabotage or theft could be merit a "special treatment". After a violation report, the prisoner had to wait in limbo while the report was processed before finding out what his punishment would be, sometimes resulting in weeks or months of uncertainty.
27343069_7_2	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Procedures for punishing violations If a citation came back, the prisoner had to report for roll call and wait. The hearing took place in the Jourhaus. If the prisoner denied his guilt, he was often accused of lying, which meant additional flogging. In severe cases, prisoners were interrogated in the "bunker" until they confessed. At the end, came the verdict and the punishment, for example "tree", or "twenty-five" (see photo, above).
27343069_7_3	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Procedures for punishing violations The camp commandant had to sign off on the sentence worked out by the interrogation officer. In cases such as corporal punishment, the Inspector in Oranienburg had to approve the punishment. An SS camp doctor had to assess the health of the prisoner, but medical objections were rare. The prisoner had to go to before the infirmary and undress. The SS doctor walked through the rows of prisoners and the infirmary clerk recorded the opinion, "fit".
27343069_7_4	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Procedures for punishing violations A few days later, the sentence was carried out. The particular prisoners had to report for punishment and a functionary prisoner had to carry out the punishment. An SS guard unit attended the procedure.
27343069_7_5	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Procedures for punishing violations The rules stipulated that the following people were involved in carrying out punishment: the SS man or prisoner functionary who had filed the punishment report, the interrogation officer, the commandant, an SS doctor, an infirmary clerk, a unit of SS guards, prisoner functionaries, who had to carry out the sentence, the Inspector of the CCI, in some cases, Himmler himself.
27343069_7_6	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Nazi propaganda Himmler cited the protracted procedure as alleged proof that SS concentration camps were absolutely run as orderly prisons that safeguarded against abuse.
27343069_7_7	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Breach of their own rules The cumbersome, bureaucratic procedure obscured the trail of accountability. The complexity of the penal procedure did not lead to a reduction of violations. The "Penalty Catalog" was unconstrained. Prisoners were often beaten without any violations procedure or they were killed by the punishment itself. Compliance with the penal procedure was not a given. For example, Lagerführer Egon Zill once ordered two men to implement the number of blows in a particular punishment. Although this doubled the number of blows given to the prisoner, the total was counted just once.
27343069_7_8	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. See also Extermination through labor Glossary of Nazi Germany List of Nazi Party leaders and officials List of SS personnel Kapo (concentration camp) Nazi concentration camp badges about the hierarchy and stigma of groups of prisoners, vis-à-vis guards
27343069_8_0	27343069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20Camps%20Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate	Concentration Camps Inspectorate. Holocaust terminology Nazi concentration camps Nazi propaganda Nazi SS Nazi war crimes SS Main Economic and Administrative Office

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Keith Nosbusch

Keith Nosbusch. Personal Nosbusch is a Milwaukee, Wisconsin native and is married to his wife Jane with 3 children: Carolyn, David and Laurie. During college, he was the UW–Madison football team captain and was awarded the Big Ten Medal of Honor for demonstrating joint athletic and academic excellence throughout his college career.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. In mathematics, a highly structured ring spectrum or -ring is an object in homotopy theory encoding a refinement of a multiplicative structure on a cohomology theory. A commutative version of an -ring is called an -ring. While originally motivated by questions of geometric topology and bundle theory, they are today most often used in stable homotopy theory.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Background Highly structured ring spectra have better formal properties than multiplicative cohomology theories – a point utilized, for example, in the construction of topological modular forms, and which has allowed also new constructions of more classical objects such as Morava K-theory. Beside their formal properties, -structures are also important in calculations, since they allow for operations in the underlying cohomology theory, analogous to (and generalizing) the well-known Steenrod operations in ordinary cohomology. As not every cohomology theory allows such operations, not every multiplicative structure may be refined to an -structure and even in cases where this is possible, it may be a formidable task to prove that.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Background The rough idea of highly structured ring spectra is the following: If multiplication in a cohomology theory (analogous to the multiplication in singular cohomology, inducing the cup product) fulfills associativity (and commutativity) only up to homotopy, this is too lax for many constructions (e.g. for limits and colimits in the sense of category theory). On the other hand, requiring strict associativity (or commutativity) in a naive way is too restrictive for many of the wanted examples. A basic idea is that the relations need only hold up to homotopy, but these homotopies should fulfill again some homotopy relations, whose homotopies again fulfill some further homotopy conditions; and so on. The classical approach organizes this structure via operads, while the recent approach of Jacob Lurie deals with it using -operads in -categories. The most widely used approaches today employ the language of model categories.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Background All these approaches depend on building carefully an underlying category of spectra.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Operads The theory of operads is motivated by the study of loop spaces. A loop space ΩX has a multiplication

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition by composition of loops. Here the two loops are sped up by a factor of 2 and the first takes the interval [0,1/2] and the second [1/2,1]. This product is not associative since the scalings are not compatible, but it is associative up to homotopy and the homotopies are coherent up to higher homotopies and so on. This situation can be made precise by saying that ΩX is an algebra over the little interval operad. This is an example of an -operad, i.e. an operad of topological spaces which is homotopy equivalent to the associative operad but which has appropriate "freeness" to allow things only to hold up to homotopy (succinctly: any cofibrant replacement of the associative operad). An -ring spectrum can now be imagined as an algebra over an -operad in a suitable category of spectra and suitable compatibility conditions (see May, 1977).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition For the definition of -ring spectra essentially the same approach works, where one replaces the -operad by an -operad, i.e. an operad of contractible topological spaces with analogous "freeness" conditions. An example of such an operad can be again motivated by the study of loop spaces. The product of the double loop space is already commutative up to homotopy, but this homotopy fulfills no higher conditions. To get full coherence of higher homotopies one must assume that the space is (equivalent to) an n-fold loopspace for all n. This leads to the in -cube operad of infinite-dimensional cubes in infinite-dimensional space, which is an example of an -operad.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition The above approach was pioneered by J. Peter May. Together with Elmendorf, Kriz and Mandell he developed in the 90s a variant of his older definition of spectra, so called S-modules (see Elmendorf et al., 2007). S-modules possess a model structure, whose homotopy category is the stable homotopy category. In S-modules the category of modules over an -operad and the category of monoids are Quillen equivalent and likewise the category of modules over an -operad and the category of commutative monoids. Therefore, is it possible to define -ring spectra and -ring spectra as (commutative) monoids in the category of S-modules, so called (commutative) S-algebras. Since (commutative) monoids are easier to deal with than algebras over complicated operads, this new approach is for many purposes more convenient. It should, however, be noted that the actual construction of the category of S-modules is technically quite complicated.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Diagram spectra Another approach to the goal of seeing highly structured ring spectra as monoids in a suitable category of spectra are categories of diagram spectra. Probably the most famous one of these is the category of symmetric spectra, pioneered by Jeff Smith. Its basic idea is the following:

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition In the most naive sense, a spectrum is a sequence of (pointed) spaces together with maps , where ΣX denotes the suspension. Another viewpoint is the following: one considers the category of sequences of spaces together with the monoidal structure given by a smash product. Then the sphere sequence has the structure of a monoid and spectra are just modules over this monoid. If this monoid was commutative, then a monoidal structure on the category of modules over it would arise (as in algebra the modules over a commutative ring have a tensor product). But the monoid structure of the sphere sequence is not commutative due to different orderings of the coordinates.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition The idea is now that one can build the coordinate changes into the definition of a sequence: a symmetric sequence is a sequence of spaces together with an action of the n-th symmetric group on . If one equips this with a suitable monoidal product, one gets that the sphere sequence is a commutative monoid. Now symmetric spectra are modules over the sphere sequence, i.e. a sequence of spaces together with an action of the n-th symmetric group on and maps satisfying suitable equivariance conditions. The category of symmetric spectra has a monoidal product denoted by . A highly structured (commutative) ring spectrum is now defined to be a (commutative) monoid in symmetric spectra, called a (commutative) symmetric ring spectrum. This boils down to giving maps

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition which satisfy suitable equivariance, unitality and associativity (and commutativity) conditions (see Schwede 2007).

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition There are several model structures on symmetric spectra, which have as homotopy the stable homotopy category. Also here it is true that the category of modules over an -operad and the category of monoids are Quillen equivalent and likewise the category of modules over an -operad and the category of commutative monoids.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Approaches for the definition A variant of symmetric spectra are orthogonal spectra, where one substitutes the symmetric group by the orthogonal group (see Mandell et al., 2001). They have the advantage that the naively defined homotopy groups coincide with those in the stable homotopy category, which is not the case for symmetric spectra. (I.e., the sphere spectrum is now cofibrant.) On the other hand, symmetric spectra have the advantage that they can also be defined for simplicial sets. Symmetric and orthogonal spectra are arguably the simplest ways to construct a sensible symmetric monoidal category of spectra.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Infinity-categories Infinity-categories are a variant of classical categories where composition of morphisms is not uniquely defined, but only up to contractible choice. In general, it does not make sense to say that a diagram commutes strictly in an infinity-category, but only that it commutes up to coherent homotopy. One can define an infinity-category of spectra (as done by Lurie). One can also define infinity-versions of (commutative) monoids and then define -ring spectra as monoids in spectra and -ring spectra as commutative monoids in spectra. This is worked out in Lurie's book Higher Algebra.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Comparison The categories of S-modules, symmetric and orthogonal spectra and their categories of (commutative) monoids admit comparisons via Quillen equivalences due to work of several mathematicians (including Schwede). In spite of this the model category of S-modules and the model category of symmetric spectra have quite different behaviour: in S-modules every object is fibrant (which is not true in symmetric spectra), while in symmetric spectra the sphere spectrum is cofibrant (which is not true in S-modules). By a theorem of Lewis, it is not possible to construct one category of spectra, which has all desired properties. A comparison of the infinity category approach to spectra with the more classical model category approach of symmetric spectra can be found in Lurie's Higher Algebra 4.4.4.9.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Examples It is easiest to write down concrete examples of -ring spectra in symmetric/orthogonal spectra. The most fundamental example is the sphere spectrum with the (canonical) multiplication map . It is also not hard to write down multiplication maps for Eilenberg-MacLane spectra (representing ordinary cohomology) and certain Thom spectra (representing bordism theories). Topological (real or complex) K-theory is also an example, but harder to obtain: in symmetric spectra one uses a C*-algebra interpretation of K-theory, in the operad approach one uses a machine of multiplicative infinite loop space theory.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Infinity-categories A more recent approach for finding -refinements of multiplicative cohomology theories is Goerss–Hopkins obstruction theory. It succeeded in finding -ring structures on Lubin–Tate spectra and on elliptic spectra. By a similar (but older) method, it could also be shown that Morava K-theory and also other variants of Brown-Peterson cohomology possess an -ring structure (see e.g. Baker and Jeanneret, 2002). Basterra and Mandell have shown that Brown–Peterson cohomology has even an -ring structure, where an -structure is defined by replacing the operad of infinite-dimensional cubes in infinite-dimensional space by 4-dimensional cubes in 4-dimensional space in the definition of -ring spectra. On the other hand, Tyler Lawson has shown that Brown–Peterson cohomology does not have an structure.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. Constructions Highly structured ring spectra allow many constructions. They form a model category, and therefore (homotopy) limits and colimits exist. Modules over a highly structured ring spectrum form a stable model category. In particular, their homotopy category is triangulated. If the ring spectrum has an -structure, the category of modules has a monoidal smash product; if it is at least , then it has a symmetric monoidal (smash) product. One can form group ring spectra. One can define the algebraic K-theory, topological Hochschild homology, and so on, of a highly structured ring spectrum. One can define the space of units, which is crucial for some questions of orientability of bundles.

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Highly structured ring spectrum

Highly structured ring spectrum. References about structure of E∞-ring spectra Basterra, M.; Mandell, M.A. (2005). "Homology and Cohomology of E-infinity Ring Spectra" (PDF)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20D.%20Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. Catherine D. Kimball, known as Kitty Kimball (born February 7, 1945), is the retired Chief Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. Early life Catherine Dick was the only daughter of five children born to Jane C. (née Kelley) and William H. Dick in Alexandria, Louisiana on February 7, 1945. She graduated in 1963 from Bolton High School in Alexandria. In 1966, Kimball graduated from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. In 1970, she received her Juris Doctor from the Louisiana State University Law Center, also in Baton Rouge.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. Personal life Her husband, Clyde Kimball, also an LSU graduate, is a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives and a former deputy secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. The couple first lived in New Roads, where in the 1970s she practiced law and was an assistant prosecutor.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. The couple now reside in Ventress in Pointe Coupee Parish. They have three children. They are Roman Catholic.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. On January 10, 2010, Justice Kimball had a stroke and underwent post-stroke rehabilitation therapy at the Neuromedical Rehabilitation Hospital in Baton Rouge until her release five weeks later.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. Career She began her judicial career in her native Alexandria, Louisiana, as a law clerk to Judge Nauman Scott of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. Formerly a Democrat, Kimball was listed in 2015 as a registered Independent voter by the office of Louisiana Secretary of State Tom Schedler.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. In 1992, Kimball carried all twelve parishes in the Louisiana Supreme Court Fifth District, including St. Landry and East Baton Rouge, to become her state's first female Supreme Court justice. She was an associate justice from 1993 to 2009, when she was elevated to Chief Justice, a position she held until her retirement in 2013. In 1983, she succeeded her husband's uncle, Dan Kimball, to become the first woman elected to the 18th Judicial District Court for Iberville, Pointe Coupee, and West Baton Rouge parishes.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. Retirement Kimball retired from the court on February 1, 2013. Her successor is Bernette Joshua Johnson, an African-American Democrat from New Orleans. Under the Louisiana Constitution, the longest-serving associate justice succeeds to the position of chief justice if a vacancy occurs in the higher position prior to the next election. Johnson's service dates to 1994 when she was elected to a circuit judgeship but then appointed to the Supreme Court under a federal consent decree which temporarily increased the number of justices from seven to eight. The number two in seniority, Jeffrey P. Victory of Shreveport, a white Democrat-turned-Republican, had maintained that he was the rightful successor to Kimball because he was elected to the Supreme Court in 1994 while he was already a circuit court judge. Victory did not begin his current all-elected service on the state Supreme Court until January 1995. After a legal challenge, the federal courts ruled Johnson the successor to Kimball. Victory retired from the court on December 31, 2014.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. Legacy In 2011, Justice Kimball was inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.

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Catherine D. Kimball

Catherine D. Kimball. See also List of first women lawyers and judges in Maine List of female state supreme court justices

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20James%20Constable

Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Trevor James Constable (17 September 1925 − 31 March 2016) was an early UFO writer who believed that the UFO phenomenon was best explained by the presence of enormous amoeba-like animals inhabiting earth's atmosphere. A native of Wellington, New Zealand, he served 31 years at sea, 26 of them as a radio officer in the U.S. merchant marine. He authored several books on the aerial warfare of World War II, together with co-author Raymond Toliver. These works have been described as uncritical and not grounded in historical realities by several historians.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Authorship on World War II Constable was an author who produced 10 non-fiction books, many well known to aficionados of famous fighter aces. His co-author on these works was Raymond Toliver, a former U.S. Air Force pilot and official historian of the American Fighter Aces Association. Their work on German fighter ace Erich Hartmann, The Blond Knight of Germany, was described by historians Ronald Smelser and Edward J. Davies in their work The Myth of the Eastern Front as a "hallmark of romanization", with its "insidious" title suggesting medieval chivalry that "not only fails to characterize the conduct of the Wehrmacht during the Soviet-German war, but, indeed, marks its opposite".

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. The historian Jens Wehner notes that the 1971 book by Constable and Toliver on Hartmann, published in German as Holt Hartmann vom Himmel! Die Geschichte des erfolgreichsten Jagdfliegers der Welt, was immensely popular in Germany, but contained serious flaws in terms of presentation of historical realities. These included the uncritical borrowing from the Nazi propaganda elements of the Fliegerassen ("aces") and stereotypes about the Soviet Union. According to Wehner, the latter could be traced to the prevailing attitudes during the Cold War. Further, the political and social consequences of World War II were completely ignored.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. UFO hypothesis After reading about radionics and Wilhelm Reich's orgone, Constable became convinced that supposed UFOs were in fact living organisms. He set out to prove his theory by taking a camera with him, fitted with an ultra-violet lens and high-speed film. The processed pictured showed signs of discolouration, which Constable insisted were proof of amoeba-like animals inhabiting the sky.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Reviewing his new found 'evidence', Constable was moved to write in two books that the creatures, though not existing outside of the "infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum", had been on this Earth since it was more gaseous than solid. He claimed that the creatures belonged to a new offshoot of evolution, and that the species should be classified under macrobacteria. According to Constable, the creatures could be the size of a coin or as large as half a mile across.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. The biology of the creatures supposedly meant that they were visible to radar, even when not to the naked eye. To explain supposed cattle (and occasionally human) mutilations, Constable theorised that the use of radar angered the organisms, who would become predatory when provoked. At a later date a crypto-zoologist officially classified these supposed creatures as Amoebae constablea, named after their discoverer. Constable wrote a book entitled The Cosmic Pulse of Life in 1975 that outlined his ideas.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers In 1991 Constable worked with the local Malaccan government on a project to fill the Durian Tunggal Dam.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers He and the company promoted the idea that they had created a 'rain-making' technology, which employed "metal cylinders placed in cones and modified gadgets", which would then alter the ether or 'chi' of the atmosphere. The benefits of using such a device were touted as avoiding electromagnetism or radioactive substances being placed into the country's air. Constable did express concern at having to use the devices for a localised area, saying that "it's like trying to put rain in a small container".

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers Constable claimed that his technology and methods had already been used to fill the Gibraltar Dam in California.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers In the earlier stages of the operation there were apparently not yet any notable results in filling the reservoir, and some Malacca residents blamed evil spirits, which were fighting against the attempts to align the atmosphere. Constable said he believed "there could be some truth in the rumours", but he was confident that his technology could overcome the obstacle.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Work with TJC/Atmos Engineers The Malaysian government eventually began a probe into TJC/Atmos Engineers to look into whether there was any evidence that the State government had been cheated. In total the local government had paid them $3.2 million. However, the following was reported on Aug 14, 1991 in the New Straits Times, "TJC Atmos Engineers was hired by the Malacca Government to solve the State's water problems by filling up the 28-metre Durian Tunggal dam which dried up in January. They will be paid $3.2 Million if they succeed and half if the dam is half full by the end of next month. The operation started on July 1. Mr. Constable described the contract to undertake the operation in Malacca as totally contingent - no result, no pay." It would appear then that if the Malacca Government paid out the full amount of $3.2 Million to TJC/Atmos Engineers, that they would have been deemed to have fulfilled the full contractual obligations for receiving that sum of money.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. Bibliography Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor J. Constable. Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe. London: Arthur Barker, 1968. Reissued: Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 1996 Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor J. Constable. The Blond Knight of Germany: A biography of Erich Hartmann. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Tab Aero, 1970. Trevor James [Constable]. They Live in the Sky! Los Angeles: New Age Publishing Co., 1958. Trevor James [Constable]. The cosmic pulse of life: the revolutionary biological power behind UFOs. Santa Ana, CA: Merlin Press, 1976.

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Trevor James Constable

Trevor James Constable. 1925 births 2016 deaths Parapsychologists People from Wellington City UFO writers United States Merchant Mariners

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Forbort

Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. Derek Forbort (born March 4, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the Los Angeles Kings, Calgary Flames and Winnipeg Jets. He was originally selected by the Kings, 15th overall, in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. Playing career Forbort played his junior season of high school hockey for Duluth East High School in 2008–09, finishing with 28 points in 21 games, and was named a regional All-Star. He completed the season by playing nine games with the USA Hockey National Team Development Program (USNTDP) in the United States Hockey League (USHL). He played his first full season with the USNTDP in 2009–10, scoring 4 goals and 14 points in 26 USHL league games, and 25 points overall in 56 games with the development team.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. He then began his freshman season for the University of North Dakota for the 2010–11 season. He played with the American team at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships, recording two assists and a +9 rating, en route to winning a gold medal. Forbort had committed to play for the University of North Dakota men's ice hockey team in the National Collegiate Athletic Association in 2010.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. Professional Forbort was highly regarded by scouts and was projected to become a two-way defenseman in the National Hockey League (NHL). The NHL Central Scouting Bureau ranked Forbort as the ninth best North American skater for the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, an improvement on his midterm ranking of 11th. International Scouting Services named him tenth overall. Expected to be a first round selection, Forbort was taken 15th overall by the Los Angeles Kings.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. On April 5, 2013, Forbort signed a three-year entry level contract with the Los Angeles Kings.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. In the 2014–15 season, on February 11, 2015, the Kings recalled Forbort from the Manchester Monarchs of the American Hockey League (AHL). He was later returned to the Monarchs without playing a game for the Kings. He eventually made his NHL debut the following season on October 16, 2015, against the Minnesota Wild and recorded his first NHL goal in a 5–0 win over the Vancouver Canucks on December 28.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. In the 2016–17 season, his second with the Kings, Forbort made the opening roster. He recorded 18 points in 82 games during the season.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. On October 19, 2017, Forbort signed a two-year contract extension with the Kings.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. In the 2019–20 season, Forbort began his eighth season within the Kings organization on the injured reserve. After returning from a conditioning assignment with the Ontario Reign, he featured in just 14 games for 1 assist. On February 24, 2020, Forbort was dealt by the Kings at the NHL trade deadline to the Calgary Flames in exchange for a 2021 conditional fourth-round pick.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. As a free agent, Forbort signed a one-year, $1 million contract with the Winnipeg Jets on October 11, 2020. In the pandemic delayed season, Forbort appeared in every game for the Jets on the blueline, contributing with 2 goals and 12 points in 56 regular season games.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. On July 28, 2021, Forbort left at the conclusion of his contract with the Jets to sign a three-year, $9 million contract with the Boston Bruins as a free agent. He scored his first goal as a Bruin on October 24, 2021, against the San Jose Sharks.

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Derek Forbort

Derek Forbort. International play Forbort played for the US national team at the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Buffalo, New York, winning a bronze medal.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes. Epixenosomes, also known as Candidatus Epixenosoma are a genus of bacteria in the phylum Verrucomicrobia that form a symbiosis with marine ciliates of the genus Euplotidium, where they help to defend their ciliate hosts against predators. It is a monospecific genus, containing only the species Ca. Epixenosoma ejectans.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes. Description Epixenosomes possess two distinct developmental phases linked to the host cell cycle. Stage I epixenosomes are spherical, 0.5 μm in diameter and are surrounded by two membranes. They divide by direct binary fission. Stage II epixenosomes are egg-shaped (2.2 μm in length and 1 μm in width) and show complex organization with different cytoplasmic compartments, more complicated than the majority of prokaryotic organisms. They contain an extrusive apparatus within a proteinaceous matrix, although apparently not membrane-bound, which differs from the remaining cytoplasm. A functional cell compartmentalization has also been evidenced.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes. Their phylogenetic position was originally unclear, because they appeared to have both prokaryote-like traits, such as binary fission, and eukaryote-like traits, such as intracellular membranes. However, molecular phylogenetics showed that they are actually bacteria from the phylum Verrucomicrobia.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes. Defensive symbiosis with Euplotidium Epixenosomes live on the dorsal surface of their hosts, marine ciliates in the genus Euplotidium. The name "epixenosomes" comes from the ancient Greek , meaning "external alien body", referring to their extracellular position on the host. The extrusive apparatus ejects its contents when triggered; this process helps to defend the ciliate host against predators. Although Euplotidium can grow and reproduce without epixenosomes, those with epixenosomes have much higher survival when exposed to predators such as the ciliate Litonotus.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes. External signals of unknown origin are detected by the membrane receptors located at the top of the organism. The consequent activation of the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system triggers the ejection of the extrusive apparatus, with the formation of a hollow tube, about 40 μm long, terminating in a head mainly consisting of the apical portion of the epixenosome (the region containing DNA).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes. The extrusive apparatus is surrounded by a basket of tubules. Experiments with antitubulin drugs and immunocytochemical analyses at the optical and electron microscopical level suggested that these tubules consist of tubulin, which is a eukaryotic protein. Although some free-living Verrucomicrobia are reported to have tubulin genes, they have not been found to have tubular structures like those of epixenosomes.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes. See also R bodies Kappa organism Extrusome - organelles in some protists that have a similar function as epixenosomes

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bernard

Jean-Bernard

Jean-Bernard. Jean-Bernard is a French masculine given name. It may refer to : Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan (1748–1796), a French officer for the Continental Army Jean-Bernard Knepper (1638–1698), a Luxembourg advocat and notary Jean-Bernard Ndongo Essomba, a Cameroonian politician Jean-Bernard Racine (born 1940), a Swiss Professor of geography Jean-Bernard Raimond (1926–2016), a conservative French politician Jean-Bernard Restout (1732–1797), a French painter Jean Bernard Sindeu, a Cameroonian politician

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bernard

Jean-Bernard

Jean-Bernard. See also Jean Bernard (disambiguation) Jean-Bernard, abbé Le Blanc (1707–1781), a French art critic Marc Jean-Bernard (born 1952), a French/American philosopher, classical musician and musicologist Gouffre Jean-Bernard, one of the deepest known caves in the world

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