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27326537_0_1 | 27326537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WINI | WINI | WINI. History
The station began broadcasting September 15, 1954, and ran 500 watts, during daytime hours only. Nighttime operations were added on September 14, 1978, running 500 watts with a directional array. |
27326537_0_2 | 27326537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WINI | WINI | WINI.
The station aired an adult contemporary format in the 1980s. In 1990, WINI adopted a news-talk format. The station carried a variety of local programming and nationally syndicated shows such as Glenn Beck, Dr. Laura, John Gibson, Jim Bohannon, and Phil Hendrie. On August 22, 2016, the station adopted an oldies format. |
27326537_0_3 | 27326537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WINI | WINI | WINI. Translator
In September 2015, WINI began to be rebroadcast on 93.5 FM, through a translator in Carbondale, Illinois (W228DC). Now licensed to Sparta, Illinois on 97.3 FM as W247CP, the translator rebroadcasts WHCO. |
27326537_1_0 | 27326537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WINI | WINI | WINI. INI
Oldies radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1954
1954 establishments in Illinois |
27326538_0_0 | 27326538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20%28given%20name%29 | Bryan (given name) | Bryan (given name).
Bryan is a masculine given name. It is a variant spelling of the masculine given name Brian. |
27326538_1_0 | 27326538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20%28given%20name%29 | Bryan (given name) | Bryan (given name). Origin and meaning
The given name Bryan is a variant of the given name Brian. Its spelling is influenced by the surname Bryan. The given name Brian is thought to be derived from an Old Celtic word meaning "high" or "noble". |
27326538_2_0 | 27326538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20%28given%20name%29 | Bryan (given name) | Bryan (given name). United States
In 2009, the names Brandon and Bryan were ranked as the 15th most common names for male twins, according to Social Security number applications for births. |
27326538_2_2 | 27326538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20%28given%20name%29 | Bryan (given name) | Bryan (given name). See also
Bryan (surname)
Boyan (given name), a Bulgarian and Slavic male given name |
27326557_0_0 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
The late positive component or late positive complex (LPC) is a positive-going event-related brain potential (ERP) component that has been important in studies of explicit recognition memory. It is generally found to be largest over parietal scalp sites (relative to reference electrodes placed on the mastoid processes), beginning around 400–500 ms after the onset of a stimulus and lasting for a few hundred milliseconds. It is an important part of the ERP "old/new" effect, which may also include modulations of an earlier component similar to an N400. Similar positivities have sometimes been referred to as the P3b, P300, and P600. Here, we use the term "LPC" in reference to this late positive component. |
27326557_0_1 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component. History
In psychological literature on memory, long-term memory (LTM) is commonly divided into two types: semantic and episodic. Semantic memories are memories that are stored in LTM without specific encoding information linked to them, and thus represent general knowledge about the world that a person has acquired across the lifespan. Episodic memories are memories that are stored in long term memory as specific "episodes" and that, therefore, have some sort of specific context information associated with them, such as where or when they were encoded. At retrieval, episodic memories are often divided into two different categories based on how much information is available about the "episode." These two categories are recollection and familiarity. Recollection is when certain information about the context of the memory at encoding, for instance when or where a memory was encoded, is recalled. Familiarity is a general sense that a person has seen something before without any other details about the event. Even though they are divided into two categories, it is currently debated whether they are separate entities controlled by different brain functions or just a graded continuum of the same function. |
27326557_0_2 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
The component that came to be called the LPC has been associated with episodic memory and was first described in ERP studies examining either repetition or recognition effects. In both paradigms, studies found that ERPs to repeated/recognized items differed from those to newly presented ones in several ways. In particular, second presentations of items were associated with increased positivity between 500 and 800 ms post-stimulus onset—an effect that came to be called the LPC. but also referred to as the P300, late positivity or "parietal old/new effect". In one of the earliest examples of such a study, Friedman (1990) presented test items in a continuous recognition paradigm (in which study and test trials are intermingled). Results showed that ERPs to old items were characterized by decreases in an negativity between 300 and 500 ms (N400) and increases in a subsequent, partially overlapping positivity (LPC/P300). The joint increase in positivity across these two responses was termed the "old/new" effect. |
27326557_0_3 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component. Main paradigms
The main paradigm that is used to elicit and study the LPC involves a two part, study-test design. In the "study" phase, the participant is given a list of words or other items to be remembered, presented one at a time. The participant may be told to try to remember these items for later ("intentional" encoding), or may be asked to make judgments about the item without realizing that there will later be a memory test for the items ("incidental" encoding). Then, after some amount of time, the studied ("old") items are re-presented to the subjects, mixed with never before presented foils ("new" items), and subjects are asked to classify the items as old or new. During this test or retrieval phase, ERPs are recorded and the brain responses to both new and old words are analyzed. The results typically show a larger LPC for old than for new words. Note that if ERPs are also recorded during the study phase of the experiment, then responses during the test phase can be used to look at factors that predict later memory; this effect is known as the difference due to memory, or Dm. |
27326557_0_4 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
As described above, a variant of the study-test paradigm is a continuous recognition paradigm, in which subjects are asked to classify every item as new or old and "study" items (first presentations) and "test" items (second presentations) are intermingled. |
27326557_0_5 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
Variants of the paradigm manipulate what subjects are doing at encoding (for example, through a levels of processing manipulation, how long or how many times items are studied, what the delay between study and test is, and what kind of judgments subjects make at retrieval (for example, in addition to determining if an item is old or new, subjects might be asked to recall specific details of its learning context or to indicate their confidence in their memory judgments). |
27326557_0_6 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component. Component characteristics
As reviewed by Friedman and Johnson, the LPC is typically seen in the form of a broad positivity between 400 and 800 ms post-stimulus onset. It is largest over medial, posterior scalp sites, and tends to be bigger over left hemisphere recording sites. It is larger for items that have been seen before, especially those correctly classified as "old", as compared with those correctly classified as "new". LPCs have been recorded to words, line drawings, sounds, and meaningless shapes, and it is seen in both long and short term memory paradigms. It is believed to index recollective processes. |
27326557_0_7 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component. Functional sensitivity
The LPC has been more associated with explicit memory than implicit memory. Although LPCs can be seen in repetition paradigms wherein items are repeated but subjects do not respond to those repetitions and are not asked to take note of them, LPC responses are bigger in tasks in which subjects make memory-related judgments. Rugg and colleagues (1998a) conducted a direct comparison of implicit and explicit retrieval ERPs. Specifically, in the explicit condition, participants performed an old/new recognition judgment on a list of words, half new and half repeated. In the implicit condition participants made living/nonliving judgment on the same material, so that repetition was task-irrelevant. Results revealed that repetition modulated LPC in the explicit task but not implicit task. Supporting evidence comes from studies of the effects of brain damage on the LPC, which have shown that the LPC effect is attenuated or eliminated in patients with bilateral hippocampal damage or damage to the medial temporal lobe (similar damage does not disrupt the N400 part of the old/new effect, suggesting it is more related to implicit memory). |
27326557_0_8 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
There are many things that are known to change the amplitude of the LPC. The amplitude increases with all of the following: study-test repetitions, words that are reported as being consciously remembered (versus being familiar), correctly recognized words that are then later recalled, and words for which the context at encoding is recalled with the word. Furthermore, LPC amplitude is also sensitive to levels of processing manipulation, being larger for more deeply encoded items. Thus, these data suggest that the LPC amplitude is closely allied with recollection and reflects successful retrieval. |
27326557_0_9 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
The LPC is also sensitive to decision accuracy. It is larger in response to correctly identified old words than it is to incorrectly identified old words. For example, Finnigan and colleagues (2002) extended the traditional old/new effect paradigm by presenting new unstudied words and old words which had been presented at study either once ("weak") or three times ("strong"). The probability of an "old" response was significantly higher for strong than weak words and significantly higher for weak than new words. Comparisons were made initially between ERPs to new, weak and strong words, and subsequently between ERPs associated with six strength-by-response conditions. Results showed the amplitude of LPC effect was sensitive to decision accuracy (and perhaps confidence). Its amplitude was larger in ERPs evoked by words attracting correct versus incorrect recognition decisions. The LPC effect had a left > right, centro-parietal scalp distribution (in ear-referenced ERPs). Therefore, in addition to the majority of studies in which interpreted LPC from the perspective of dual-process models (which dissociate familiarity and recollection), Finningan et al. (2002) provided alternative interpretations of LPC in terms of memory strength and decisional factors. |
27326557_0_10 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
According to a study done by Mecklinger (1998), the scalp distribution of the LPC can vary with the type of material retrieved. When information was retrieved about an object, the distribution was right and centro-frontally centered. When the information retrieved was about spatial location, the distribution was bilaterally symmetric over the occipital lobe of the brain. |
27326557_0_11 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component. Theory and sources
As reviewed by Rugg and Curran, the precise functional significance of the LPC continues to be debated. One early suggestion was that the effect reflects processes that contribute to the representation of recollected information. Alternatively, the effect might index attentional orienting to recollected information, rather than processes supporting its representation or maintenance. It has recently been argued that findings indicating that the effect varies according to the amount of information recollected are more consistent with the first of these two proposals. |
27326557_0_12 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
The difference in the response pattern of the LPC, in comparison with other components elicited in memory tasks, such as the N400, has played an important role in debates about dual-process theories of memory, which postulate qualitatively different mechanisms underlying familiarity and recollection. |
27326557_0_13 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component.
In terms of the neural source of the component, the characteristic scalp distribution of the LPC suggests that it might reflect neural activity generated in the lateral parietal cortex. Consistent with this hypothesis, fMRI studies report recollection-sensitive activity in this region. Furthermore, findings of direct functional parallels between these fMRI and ERP old/new effects give additional credence to the hypothesis that the ERP effect reflects activity in a recollection-sensitive region of the lateral parietal cortex. Results from studies of patients with brain damage, described above, indicate that medial temporal lobe areas and the hippocampus contribute to the processes indexed by the LPC, although perhaps not directly to the recorded scalp activity. |
27326557_0_14 | 27326557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20positive%20component | Late positive component | Late positive component. See also
Bereitschaftspotential
C1 and P1
Difference due to memory
Lateralized readiness potential
P3a
P3b
P200
P300 (neuroscience)
P600
Somatosensory evoked potential |
27326575_0_0 | 27326575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Andr%C3%A9s%20Escobar | Francisco Andrés Escobar | Francisco Andrés Escobar.
Francisco Andrés Escobar (October 10, 1942; San Salvador – May 9, 2010) was a Salvadorian actor, writer and journalist. He studied Bachelor of Arts in Social Work and Political Science at the Universidad Centroamericana "Jose Simeon Cañas".
He has also directed a dramatic piece of his own composition, A Certain Ignacio (1994), which was dedicated to the memory of Ignacio Ellacuría, the rector at UCA. |
27326601_0_0 | 27326601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Richardson%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | John Richardson (Australian politician) | John Richardson (Australian politician).
John Ingles Richardson (born 15 March 1938) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Forest Hill in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1976 to 2002. |
27326601_0_1 | 27326601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Richardson%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | John Richardson (Australian politician) | John Richardson (Australian politician).
Richardson was born in Shepparton to shopkeeper William Richardson and his wife Ethelwyn Ingles Smith. He attended public schools in Kerang before attending Ivanhoe Grammar School and finally Bendigo Teachers' College, from which he graduated as a primary teacher in 1957. He became a schoolteacher in Braybrook Primary School and a lecturer at Footscray Technical College, and in 1963 received a Bachelor of Commerce from Melbourne University. On 11 May 1963 he married Alice Mary Salmon, with whom he had two children. In 1967 he became the manager of James Bennett Booksellers and Publishers; he was also a script-writer for the children's shows Magic Circle Club and Adventure Island, as well as the author of five children's books. |
27326601_0_2 | 27326601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Richardson%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | John Richardson (Australian politician) | John Richardson (Australian politician).
In 1976, Richardson was elected to the Victorian Parliament for Forest Hill as a member of the Liberal Party. In 1982 he became Shadow Minister for Educational Services, but later that year was moved to Consumer Affairs, with the additional portfolio of Assistant to the Leader of the Opposition. In 1983 he moved to Ethnic Affairs, but left the front bench in 1985. In 1989 he returned as Shadow Minister for Education, moving to Community Services, Housing and Aboriginal Affairs in 1990. He left the front bench again in 1991. Richardson remained a backbencher until his retirement in 2002. |
27326601_1_0 | 27326601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Richardson%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | John Richardson (Australian politician) | John Richardson (Australian politician). Publications
Richardson published five children's books:
Wilfred the Wombat
Gendarme the Police Horse
Gendarme at Work
Suey the Sheep Dog
Ace the Guard Dog |
27326615_0_0 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh.
Urmila Singh (6 August 1946 – 29 May 2018) was the former Governor of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. She was appointed governor on 25 January 2010. |
27326615_0_1 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh. Early life
Urmila Singh was born in Phingeshwar village in Raipur district, now located in Chhattisgarh state, into a landowning family of central India, which also produced freedom fighters and social reformers. Urmila's great-grandfather, Raja Natwar Singh (alias Lalla Shah) of Haridaypur, was a freedom fighter, who was executed by the British rulers. Some other family members were deported to serve sentences in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. |
27326615_0_2 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh.
Urmila Singh was married at a young age to Virendra Bahadur Singh, Raja of Seraipally princely state in Chhattisgarh. The couple became the parents of one daughter and two sons and Urmila Singh devoted herself to the nurture of her family. Virendra Bahadur Singh became a prominent Congress party political and a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, elected from the areas that his family had previously ruled for several centuries. His mother, Rani Shyam Kumari Devi, was a Member of Parliament. |
27326615_1_0 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh. In Madhya Pradesh
After the sudden early death of her husband, Urmila Singh stepped into the political arena to contest the assembly seat previously held by him. She was duly elected for several consecutive terms from the family borough to the Madhya Pradesh assembly and remained a member from 1985 to 2003. |
27326615_1_1 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh. Political career
She served as a Minister of State for Dairy Development (1993–95) and as Cabinet Minister for Social Welfare and Tribal Welfare (1998–2003). She also served as President of the MP Congress between 1996 and 1998. |
27326615_1_2 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh. In Chhattisgarh
The new state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh in 2000, and Urmila's constituency now fell to the portion of the new state. Urmila Singh was therefore automatically a member of the first ever legislative assembly of Chhattisgarh between 2000 and 2003. The Congress party suffered a rout in both states in the 2003 assembly elections and Urmila Singh was one of the casualties.
She lost the elections in 2008 also. |
27326615_1_3 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh. As Governor
In recognition of her services to the congress party, the congress-led central government appointed her governor of Himachal Pradesh in 2010. She took office on 25 January 2010 and completed her term on 24 January 2015, becoming the first woman governor in Himachal to do so. |
27326615_1_4 | 27326615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmila%20Singh | Urmila Singh | Urmila Singh. Death
Urmila Singh died on 29 May 2018, aged 71. According to family sources, she had been suffering from brain-related complications. She was admitted to a private hospital where her condition remained unstable. She is survived by her two sons and a daughter. |
27326661_0_0 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters.
The Standard Form of National Characters or the Standard Typefaces for Chinese Characters () is the standardized form of Chinese characters set by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China (Taiwan). |
27326661_0_1 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters. Lists
There are three lists of the Standard Form of National Characters, promulgated by Taiwan's Ministry of Education: |
27326661_0_2 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters.
Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters (), including 4,808 commonly used Chinese characters.
Chart of Standard Forms of Less-Than-Common National Characters (), including secondary commonly used 6,329 characters.
Chart of Rarely-Used National Characters (), including 18,319 rarely used characters. |
27326661_0_3 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters. Characteristics
Note: Viewing this section correctly requires certain standard typefaces to be installed and the browser to be configured to use them in appropriate contexts. |
27326661_0_4 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters.
The Standard Form of National Characters tends to adopt orthodox variants for most of its characters, but it still adopts many common vulgar variants. Many have their components rearranged. For example:
The orthodox form of this character has 君 above 羊, i.e. 羣.
The orthodox form of this character has 山 above 夆, i.e. 峯.
The orthodox form of this character has 里 inside 衣, i.e. 裏. |
27326661_0_5 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters.
Other vulgar variants which are extremely common in handwriting have been adopted. For example:
The orthodox form of this character is with the second and fourth strokes pointing out.
The orthodox form of this character has 亼 above 卩, i.e. . |
27326661_0_6 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters.
Some forms which were standardized have never been used or are extremely rare. For example:
Before this standard was created, the second horizontal stroke was almost always the longest, i.e. .
Whenever there is a radical resembling or under other components, most standards write the first stroke as a vertical stroke, e.g. the Mainland Chinese standard writes these characters as . |
27326661_0_7 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters.
Some components are differentiated where most other standards do not differentiate. For example:
The radical on the left in 朠 is (meaning "moon"), while the radical on the left in 脈 is (a form of 肉, meaning "meat"). They are differentiated in that 月 has two horizontal strokes where ⺼ has two dots resembling .
The radical at the top of 草 is , while the radical at the top of 夢 is . They are differentiated in that the horizontal strokes of 卝 do not pass through the vertical strokes.
The radical on the left in 次 is , while the radical on the left in 冰 is .
The radical on the top in 冬 is , the radical on the right in 致 is , and the radical on the bottom right of 瓊 is . |
27326661_0_8 | 27326661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Form%20of%20National%20Characters | Standard Form of National Characters | Standard Form of National Characters.
This standard tends to follow a rule of writing regular script where there should be no more than one of ㇏ (called ), long horizontal stroke, or hook to the right (e.g. ㇂ ㇃) in a character.
The first horizontal strokes in these characters are long horizontal strokes. Therefore, long dots are used in place of a regular right falling stroke ㇏ as their last strokes. Other standards use ㇏ as the last stroke, e.g. Mainland China () and Japan ().
This character has a long horizontal stroke, so it cannot have a hook to the right. Other standards do not follow this rule as closely, e.g. Mainland China () and Japan (). |
27326663_0_0 | 27326663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Green%20Building%20Council | Philippine Green Building Council | Philippine Green Building Council.
The Philippine Green Building Council (PHILGBC) is a national non-stock, non-profit organization that promotes the sharing of knowledge on green practices to the property industry to ensure a sustainable environment. It was organized to serve as a single voice in the promotion of holistic and market-based green building practices, to facilitate the sharing of green building information and practices in the building industry, and to serve as a non-partisan venue for the development of the BERDE Green Building Rating System. |
27326663_0_1 | 27326663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Green%20Building%20Council | Philippine Green Building Council | Philippine Green Building Council.
In early 2006, a group of environmental advocates and business leaders convened to form PHILGBC with the realization that an organization is needed to promote greener buildings and coordinate efforts to sustainability. Incorporated in 2007, PHILGBC has been campaigning for the transformation of design, construction and management methods of the industry into practices that are environmentally and socially responsible, safe and healthy, and a prosperous environment that improves the quality of life. |
27326663_0_2 | 27326663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Green%20Building%20Council | Philippine Green Building Council | Philippine Green Building Council.
PHILGBC is an Emerging Member of the World Green Building Council (WorldGBC) and a member of the WorldGBC - Asia Pacific Network. The Council is also a member organization of the International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment (iiSBE), and a global partner of the GLOBE Alliance. |
27326663_0_3 | 27326663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Green%20Building%20Council | Philippine Green Building Council | Philippine Green Building Council.
Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence
The Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence (BERDE) Program was developed by PHILGBC as an appropriate response to the Philippine building industry’s need to proactively address the negative impacts of climate change in the property sector. |
27326663_0_4 | 27326663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Green%20Building%20Council | Philippine Green Building Council | Philippine Green Building Council.
The BERDE Green Building Rating System is developed under the BERDE Program. It is a tool to measure, verify and monitor performance of buildings above and beyond existing mandatory building and environmental regulations and standards. The rating tool is consensus driven and is achieved through a multi-stakeholder consultation and collaboration process. BERDE Assessment and Certification is credible, unbiased, balanced and impartial and is achieved through a third party certification process conforming with international standards. |
27326663_0_5 | 27326663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Green%20Building%20Council | Philippine Green Building Council | Philippine Green Building Council.
BERDE is recognized as the National Voluntary Green Building Rating System of the Philippines through the Philippine Energy Efficiency Project: Efficient Building Initiative (PEEP-EBI) of the Department of Energy. |
27326663_0_6 | 27326663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Green%20Building%20Council | Philippine Green Building Council | Philippine Green Building Council. Building Green
Started in 2007, Building Green is the series of conferences of the Philippine Green Building Council that highlights the current green practices of the industry. It features the latest innovative trends in building products, architecture, engineering and construction as initiated by the industry's best and brightest minds. The conference series was started as a venue for green building dialogue and to further develop and promote BERDE, as the National Green Building Rating System. |
27326666_0_0 | 27326666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Rowe | Gary Rowe | Gary Rowe.
Gary James Rowe (born 5 September 1952) is an Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Cranbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1992 to 2002, and in 2012, he was elected as a councillor for Mayfield Ward in the City of Casey. Councillor Rowe was not re-elected to Casey City Council in October 2016, but was subsequently re-elected at a countback for Mayfield Ward in April 2017 after embattled Councillor Steve Beardon resigned just four months after being elected. |
27326666_0_1 | 27326666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Rowe | Gary Rowe | Gary Rowe.
Rowe was born in Coburg, Victoria, to Douglas James and Norma Lilian Rowe. He attended Glen Waverley High School before studying at Victoria Police Academy, where he was one of the top ten graduates. In 1970 he became a police officer, but in 1974 became a consultant with National Mutual and in 1977 founded a finance and insurance company, of which he became director. He was also director of a number of other finance and insurance businesses. In 1989, he was elected to Cranbourne Shire Council, serving until 1992. |
27326666_0_2 | 27326666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Rowe | Gary Rowe | Gary Rowe.
In 1992, Rowe was elected to the new seat of Cranbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. Following the Kennett Government's defeat in 1999 he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition. He was defeated in 2002 by Labor candidate Jude Perera. |
27326677_0_0 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii.
Bombus vosnesenskii, the yellow-faced bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to the west coast of North America, where it is distributed from British Columbia to Baja California. It is the most abundant species of bee in this range, and can be found in both urban and agricultural areas. Additionally, B. vosnesenskii is utilized as an important pollinator in commercial agriculture, especially for greenhouse tomatoes. Though the species is not currently experiencing population decline, urbanization has affected its nesting densities, and early emergence of the B. vosnesenskii has been implicated in the increasing lack of bee diversity on the West coast. |
27326677_0_1 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Taxonomy and phylogeny
The genus name Bombus – the bumblebee – comes from the Latin word which means a buzzing or humming sound. There are 250 species split into 38 subgenera within the genus Bombus. These subgroups share similar morphologies, despite their varied habitats and behavioral patterns. However, many of the groups are monophyletic based on the distinct genitalia of the male bee. Genetic studies have revealed the bumblebee to be closely related to the sting-less bee and the honey bee. |
27326677_0_2 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii.
Bombus vosnesenskii falls into the Bombus subgenus Pyrobombus. Bombus subgenera contain two primary morphological categories, short-faced and long-faced. Pyrobombus is included in the short-faced clade. |
27326677_0_3 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii.
The subgenus Pyrobombus is both monophyletic and the largest of the subgenera. |
27326677_1_0 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Description and identification
Bombus vosnesenskii has a number of distinctive features. These include short, even hair, the rounded angle of the basitarsus, which is the middle leg, and a square face. Additionally, the fringed hair of its hind legs forms the corbicula, or pollen basket. |
27326677_1_1 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Description and identification
Queens are between 18 and 21 mm long. Workers are between 8 and 17 mm while males are between 10 and 15 mm. Queens, workers, and males all have medium length antennae and similarly shaped and sized eyes. They are patterned with black and yellow hairs. The queen and the female workers are almost always identical in coloring. They have almost entirely black thoraxes with stripes of yellow at the head and at the T4 segment of their thorax. The male drones mostly look similar to their female counterparts, but in some cases will have more yellow on their sides that extends farther up the back of the thorax. |
27326677_1_2 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Distribution and habitat
Although historical data for insect distribution is sparse in western North America, it is clear that Bombus vosnesenskii is not experiencing a population decline; it is amongst the most common bee species on the West Coast of the United States, and the most common bumble bee from Oregon northward. The nesting distribution ranges from British Columbia to Baja California. Historically, Bombus occidentalis, the so-called "western bumble bee" was the most common species, with a distribution all the way from California to British Columbia and Alaska, but diseases introduced by commercial rearing operations in the eastern United States brought coastal populations of B. occidentallis to the brink of extinction, and B. vosnesenskii has filled the gap. B. vosnesenskii's success in the vacuum left by B. occidentalis has not been the perfect story of nature finding balance after disturbance, however; in the San Francisco area, the frequency of B. vosnesenskii appearances to inversely correlate with the species richness of bees in the area, indicating that B. vosnesenskii outcompetes other bee species for space and resources. This may be due to the species' early emergence during the season, allowing it to overtake and monopolize available nest spaces. The bee nests underground, primarily in colony sizes of about 200-300 workers. While it is not currently in population decline, studies have shown that the B. vosnesenskii experiences reduced nesting density in urbanized landscapes. |
27326677_1_3 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Urban nesting density
Studies have demonstrated that paved environments in human urban settings have reduced B. vosnesenskii nesting densities. It is likely that this is due to the subterranean nesting habits of this bee species, which is negatively effected by the expansion of impervious substances like pavement. |
27326677_2_0 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Colony cycle
The overwintering queen first appears during spring and establishes underground colonies. She will then find an underground nest, typically some sort of rodent burrow or some other naturally available hole in wood or dirt. Upon discovering a nestable area, the queen will lay an egg brood and begin incubation. The fuel for their thermoregulation during incubation is derived from nectar, pollen, and honey between foraging trips. After about one month, the first worker generation will hatch. They will assist the queen in foraging and incubating the brood. The colony will grow for a year, as workers and male drones are reared. Soon afterwards, a new clutch of queens will be born. Upon maturation, they will leave the nest to mate, and then will hibernate for the winter until it is their turn in the spring to begin a colony. |
27326677_2_1 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Mating habits
Reproductive bees are raised in the last portion of B. vosnesenskii life cycle. Upon maturation, the queens will leave the nest to seek mates. They will meet with reproductive males who have left their colonies. These male bees will patrol in circuits until they encounter a suitable mate. |
27326677_2_2 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Kin recognition
The queens of this species show no preference for incubating their own brood versus the broods of other queens within their own species. However, they are able to differentiate between their broods and the broods of other related bee species. These, they do not incubate. This behavioral pattern indicates some sort of species-specific chemical cue that initiates recognition and incubation of a brood clump, as opposed to individual body odor or pheromone signals.
These cues, however, do not appear to be derived from the actual brood clump. Instead, it appears that during egg-laying, the queens deposit some sort of signal at the site of the nest. It is possible that they continuously deposit or "renew" the signal over time. The signal must be recognizable by the queen and by the workers bees who will eventually assist the queen in incubation and brood-rearing after the first generation is matured. |
27326677_2_3 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Queen contribution
The queen of this bee species has been known to contribute to foraging efforts. During the early season, when the queen is young, she primarily focuses on brood incubation. However, towards the end of the season as worker numbers decline, the queen becomes a significant contributor to foraging efforts. They go so far as to become the primary pollen and nectar providers for the colony. The mechanisms behind this behavioral change are not well understood, but significance has been attributed to careful risk-balancing behaviors. The queen's efforts are much more valuable in reproduction and brood-rearing when she is young, first to build the colony, then to preserve it. There is a high risk of injury or death in foraging, which the queen offsets by allowing the worker bees to do this dangerous task. However, towards the end of the colony cycle, when the worker population has begun to dwindle, the queen is best used as a forager, to provide sustenance for the next generation of reproductive bees. |
27326677_2_4 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Thermoregulation in incubation
This bee species has poikilothermic eggs – they are unable to regulate their own temperature independently of the ambient temperature. However, it has been observed that egg clumps undergoing incubation are able to maintain consistent temperatures. Egg incubation is accomplished by the queen extending her abdomen out to touch the brood and make full contact, while her legs wrap around and anchor her body to the brood clump. While this position is assumed, the abdominal temperature of the queen increases greatly, and metabolism, as measured by oxygen consumption, doubles. |
27326677_2_5 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Behavior
The incubating bees do not have a target temperature for their broods. They will continue to incubate broods despite the ambient temperature. At 30 °C, the queen will incubate the eggs, even though at 10 °C, she only raises the brood temperature to 26 °C. However, it has been observed that the amount of thermogeneration that occurs at the abdomen is reduced when the ambient temperatures are greater. |
27326677_2_6 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Behavior
Incubating bees do not continuously warm the brood. Because of the intense metabolic cost of warming the eggs, they must occasionally take breaks to feed, at which point the brood returns to ambient temperature. Broods will hatch whether or not they have been incubated consistently, and the new worker population will assist in incubation for the next generation. |
27326677_2_7 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Thermoregulation in flight
Yellow-faced bumblebees, like most bumblebees, use thermoregulation to maintain stable body temperatures several degrees above the ambient temperature. At rest, bumblebees have temperatures close to ambient temperature. To generate power for flight, bumblebees need to raise the temperature of the flight muscles to above 30 °C (86 °F). In B. vosnesenskii, heat is transferred from the thorax to the abdomen by changes in hemolymph flow in the petiole, the narrow region between the abdomen and thorax. At low ambient temperature, the hemolymph flows from the thorax and abdomen simultaneously. As a result, the countercurrent exchange of heat in the petiole retains most of the energy in the thorax. When the ambient temperature is high, the countercurrent exchange is reduced such that heat is transferred from the thorax to the abdomen. |
27326677_3_0 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Diet
This bee species prefers a select set of genera for foraging purposes. These include: Lupinus, Cirsium, Eriogonum, Phacelia, Clarkia, and Ericameria |
27326677_3_1 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Pollination preferences
This bee species shows pollination preferences based on location and landscape features, as opposed to colony membership. This indicates that competition between B. vosnesenskii colonies does not drive any selective pressure in their foraging behaviors. |
27326677_3_2 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Diet and Pollination
Additionally, the bee does not forage based on abundance or availability. There is little correlation between the most available, and the most foraged floral taxa for this species. There are some species, including the L. corniculatus, P. montana, and La. stoechas which are highly preferred by the bee despite their relatively lower abundances. Again, these ranked preferences are similar between bees that share regions, as opposed to individual bees and their colony-mates. |
27326677_3_3 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Diet and Pollination
The yellow-faced bumblebee appears to select its foraging locations based on the diversity of available flora in a given region, as opposed to floral density. This means that the bees are willing to travel longer distances to forage from patches that have wider varieties of available floral taxa. A possible explanation for this behavior is a necessity by the bee to increase the variety of nutrients it intakes by diversifying its nectar consumption. Additionally, bees which develop preferences for varied plant genera are likely to have more stable food resources over long periods of time. |
27326677_3_4 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Agricultural significance
Bombus vosnesenskii is an extremely important pollinator for commercial agriculture. The genus Bombus is the primary pollinator for greenhouse tomatoes. |
27326677_3_5 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Diet and Pollination
While the mechanisms are not well understood, B. vosnesenskii pollinates greenhouse tomatoes more efficiently than human beings are capable of simulating by hand. On several measures, including fruit weight, height, minimum and maximum diameter, grade, and seed count, bee-pollinated fruits are of significantly higher quality. One theory suggests that bees are able to time their visits better than humans, who typically adhere to a set schedule which may not coincide with floral receptivity. |
27326677_3_6 | 27326677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus%20vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii | Bombus vosnesenskii. Parasites
For the Bombus vosnesenskii, parasitic organisms include the phoretic mite species Kuzinia and the protozoan Crithidia bombi. Both of these parasites affect individual bees rather than colonies or nests, and have been discovered in relatively high abundance in the Californian B. vosnesenskii population. Both of these parasites have been discovered in several bees of the Bombus genus, and display a relatively low level of host specificity. Apicystis bombi has also been observed, but at low abundance. Alone, it is unlikely that these parasites can cause severe decline or extinctions in bee populations; however, compounded with other stresses, they can be implicated in the decline of species' health. |
27326705_0_0 | 27326705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Alford%20Sr. | Bruce Alford Sr. | Bruce Alford Sr..
Herbert Bruce Alford Sr. (September 12, 1922 – May 8, 2010) was an American football end in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Yanks. He also played football in the All-America Football Conference for the New York Yankees. Alford played college football at Texas Christian University (TCU). Alford was an all Southwest Conference end in 1941 and 1942 was named MVP in the 1942 Orange Bowl and received Rogers Trophy in 1942, awarded to the TCU Most Valuable Player. He served in World War II for the United States Army. |
27326705_0_1 | 27326705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Alford%20Sr. | Bruce Alford Sr. | Bruce Alford Sr..
After retiring from playing, he was a line judge in the NFL for 20 seasons, from 1960 to 1979, working three Super Bowls (II, VII, IX), wearing number 24. His son, Bruce Alford Jr., also played in the NFL. |
27326705_1_0 | 27326705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Alford%20Sr. | Bruce Alford Sr. | Bruce Alford Sr.. 1922 births
2010 deaths
American football ends
New York Yankees (AAFC) players
New York Yanks players
TCU Horned Frogs football players
National Football League officials
Sportspeople from Waco, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
Waco High School alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II |
27326734_0_0 | 27326734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Smith%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | Ross Smith (Australian politician) | Ross Smith (Australian politician).
Ernest Ross Smith (born 24 January 1938) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Glen Waverley in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1985 to 2002. |
27326734_0_1 | 27326734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Smith%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | Ross Smith (Australian politician) | Ross Smith (Australian politician). Personal life
Smith was born in Southport, Queensland, to Allen and Leila Smith. He attended Fort Street Boys' High School and Balmain Teachers' College (both in Sydney) from which he graduated in 1956. He married Patricia Moxham and had their first daughter, Alexina. A year later they had their second daughter, Jann and they had their last child, Sarah in 1969. Patricia and Ross divorced and Ross married Sarah Spencer. Sarah Spencer is English and had two sons prior to their marriage, Richard and James. A few years after their marriage, Ross and Sarah had their first and only child, Harriet, in 1991. |
27326734_0_2 | 27326734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Smith%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | Ross Smith (Australian politician) | Ross Smith (Australian politician). Professional life
Ross taught at Tarcutta Primary School and Albury High School, both in New South Wales, from 1957 to 1959 before working at the Immigration Department at Australia House in London in 1960. In 1961 he became a journalist, writing for the Daily Telegraph and the Sydney Sun. In 1964 he enlisted in the army and served two tours of duty in Vietnam. He later rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1964 he also joined the Liberal Party. |
27326734_0_3 | 27326734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Smith%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | Ross Smith (Australian politician) | Ross Smith (Australian politician).
Smith left the army in 1984, and in 1985 was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for the new seat of Glen Waverley. He became Government Whip in 1996, and Opposition Whip in 1999 when the Coalition lost government. He retired in 2002, when his seat was abolished. |
27326736_0_0 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu.
Varnapakittu () is a 1997 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by I. V. Sasi and written by Babu Janardhanan from a story by Jokuttan. The film features Mohanlal and Meena in lead roles, with Jagadish, Dileep, Divyaa Unni, Madhu, Rajan P. Dev, M. G. Soman in supporting roles. The movie, directed by I V Sasi, was a commercial success. |
27326736_1_0 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu. Plot
Sunny Palamattam (Mohanlal) is a successful businessman in Singapore. He enjoys a flamboyant life with girlfriend Sandra Valookaran (Meena). His business rival, Mohammad Ali, was a partner who left after he was found embezzling company funds. |
27326736_1_1 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu. Plot
Sunny discloses his past to Sandra: his family was a happy one, until Pappan (Rajan P. Dev) framed Sunny's father Ittichan (Madhu) in a fraud case. Shortly after, Ittichan died of a heart attack, and Sunny's engagement with fiancée Nancy (Divya Unni) was called off. Sunny fled to Mumbai, and then to Singapore with Kuruvilla's help. |
27326736_1_2 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu. Plot
Later, Sunny learns that Sandra, who he plans to marry, is actually a call girl hired by Mohammad Ali, to spy on Sunny and foil his business plans. To fulfill his marriage commitment to his family, he and Sandra pretend they are still engaged when they go to visit Sunny's family in Kerala. In his hometown, he meets the old enemies who falsely accused his father of theft and thus ruined the family reputation. |
27326736_1_3 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu. Plot
Sunny plans to take revenge on Pappan, Tonychen (Ganesh Kumar) and company, aided by Paily (Jagadish). In the meantime, he meets Nancy who is now married to Paulachen (Dileep), Tonychen's younger brother. When Tony tries to sexually assault Nancy, Paulachan is humiliated and commits suicide. |
27326736_1_4 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu. Plot
Mohammad Ali arrives with a gang from Singapore to reveal Sunny's "false marriage" ploy in an attempt to destroy him. Sunny pleads with Mohammad Ali to forget everything so that he can live a happy life and offers all his assets to Mohammad Ali, but Mohammad Ali has a change of heart and leaves Sunny and his family alone. In the end Sunny and Sandra appear with a happy family. |
27326736_2_0 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu. Mohanlal as Sunny Palamattom
Meena as Sandra / Alina
Dileep as Paulachen
Madhu as Palamattom Ittichan, Sunny's Father
Jagadish as Paily, Sunny's Friend
Divya Unni as Nancy Paul
Rajan P. Dev as Pappan
K. B. Ganesh Kumar as Tonychen
Janardhanan as Ramaswamy Iyer
M. G. Soman as Kuruvilla
Reena as Kuruvilla's wife
Bheeman Raghu as SI Damodaran Nair
N. F. Varghese as Priest
Sadiq as Kunjoonju
Bharathi Vishnuvardhan as Sunny's Mother
Reshmi Soman as Mollykutty, Sunny's Younger Sister
Kazan Khan as Mohammed Ali
Kundara Johny as Sunny's Advocate
Usha as Tonychen's Wife
Kanakalatha as Sunny's Elder Sister
Seetha as Sukanya, Sandra's Sister
Maya as TV Reporter
Elias Babu as Nancy's Father
Antony Perumbavoor as a man in store |
27326736_3_0 | 27326736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu | Varnapakittu. Box Office
Varnapakittu was major commercial hit in the year 1997 and was the beginning of the Mohanlal-Meena hit combo which churned out many blockbusters including Olympian Anthony Adam, Natturajavu, Udayananu Tharam, Drishyam, Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol, Drishyam 2 and Bro Daddy. |
27326772_0_0 | 27326772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry%20Spry | Garry Spry | Garry Spry.
Garry Howard Spry (born 9 May 1939) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Bellarine in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1992 to 2002. |
27326772_0_1 | 27326772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry%20Spry | Garry Spry | Garry Spry.
Spry was born in Gawler, South Australia, to Frank Spry and Joyce Dawkins. He attended primary school in the Gawler area and later at Tallageira West in Victoria. He attended Geelong Grammar School from 1947 to 1957 before managing the family grazing property from 1958 to 1970. In 1970 he became a shearer and heavy plant operator, before becoming a fencing contractor in 1972 and a real estate salesman in 1981. In 1984 he founded his own company, Spryline, of which he became director. He was also a Queenscliffe Borough Councillor from 1974 to 1980, and president of the Queenscliff branch of the Liberal Party from 1973 to 1975. |
27326772_0_2 | 27326772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry%20Spry | Garry Spry | Garry Spry.
In 1992, Spry was elected as the Liberal member for Bellarine in the Victorian Parliament. He sat in parliament as a backbencher until his retirement in 2002. |
27326814_0_0 | 27326814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annupamaa | Annupamaa | Annupamaa.
Annupamaa is an Indian playback singer from Tamil Nadu. She is known especially for the song "Chandralekha" (Konjam Nilavu) from Thiruda Thiruda. She is also trained in Carnatic music and a 6th grade solo pianist from Trinity College London. She adores the singing styles of both Asha Bhosle in Bollywood and k S Chitra in South Indian music industry. |
27326814_0_1 | 27326814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annupamaa | Annupamaa | Annupamaa. Personal life
Annupamaa was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India on 2 September 1968. She got training in Carnatic music from the age of four and she began singing in school competitions from the age of eight. She had her school education from St. Anthony's Senior Secondary School, New Delhi and took her BA Degree in English from Kamala Nehru College, New Delhi in 1989. She dropped out of the Mass Communication Course from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication in New Delhi following her passion to become a singer. Anupama is married to J. Murali Krishnan, Executive Vice-president and National Creative Director of Optima Response
and they live in Chennai. |
27326814_1_0 | 27326814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annupamaa | Annupamaa | Annupamaa. Career
Annupamaa used to take part in college competitions during her days as a student of Mass Communications. As a copy trainee in an ad agency, she had a chance to participate in an Ad Utsav. Annupamaa made herself a successful ad jingle composer and singer in the early nineties itself. She has been a part of many successful ad jingles by music director A. R. Rahman, who was then A. S. Dilip Kumar. The list of her most successful ads include ads for Ponds Dreamflower Talc and Soap, Medimix soap, Tatia Resorts, Diplomat Whisky, AVT Deepika Coconut Oil, Trupti range of products and Aavin Goodness ice cream. |
27326814_1_1 | 27326814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annupamaa | Annupamaa | Annupamaa. Career
Rahman made her sing July Maddham Vanthal from Pudhiya Mugam in 1993, which became a hit. But the break-in her career came through the song Chandralekha from Thiruda Thiruda which had music set by A. R. Rahman himself. This song is even now regarded as one of the best techno-electronic song ever. Her passionate singing won her several accolades and she was even nicknamed as Chandralekha Anupama. After the success of Chandralekha, she became one of the most sought after singers in Tamil Nadu. However, she remained selective and sang the songs, which she believed extraordinary. In 1994, she got another big hit through Halla Gulla from Bombay. She had to wait for two years to get yet another career break, which came through the song Mercury Pookkal from Ratchagan. Though this song was not received well as Chandralekha, it too won her and Rahman, several accolades. She was an additional vocalist in the 1998 hit song Dil Se Re from Dil Se.. and 2003 hit song Break The Rules (Maro Maro') from Boys. She got a Star Screen Award for Best Female Playback nomination for her soulful singing in the song Yeh Raat from Aks. Her latest hit songs include two tracks from the musical film Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na, Pappu Can't Dance and Nazrein Milaana. She is the captain of the reality show Sangeeta Mahayuddham, telecasted on Sun TV from 26 June onwards. |
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