olmer/wiki_mpnet_embeddings · Datasets at Hugging Face

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27342161_1_5	27342161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Pawsey	Mark Pawsey	Mark Pawsey. See also Rugby, Warwickshire Conservative Party Rugby Constituency
27342204_0_0	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Ian Livingstone (1933-2001) was a noted British development economist.
27342204_1_0	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Early life Livingstone was born in France to Scottish parents. His family returning to the UK just prior to France falling to the Nazi's 1940. He studied economics at the University of Sheffield graduating with a first class degree. He followed this with post-graduate studies at Yale University.
27342204_2_0	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Career Livinstone's first proper job was a civil service posting in Salisbury, Rhodesia and this was followed shortly after by his first academic job as one of the first staff in the economics department of Makerere University. After several years there he returned to Sheffield and became a lecturer in economic statistics in his old department. In 1965 he returned to head the economics department at Makerere, and then went on to lead the economic research bureau at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (1968-71). He also worked in the mid-70s as a research professor in the Institute of Development Studies (University of Nairobi) in Kenya. This was followed by a return to the UK for a brief posting at Newcastle University before moving to the post that was to see him to the end of his career - a professorship in Development Economics at the School of Development Studies at the University of East Anglia.
27342204_3_0	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Other noted roles Membership of the economics committee of the Economic and Social Research Council (1976-80) Membership of the Overseas Development Administration's economic and social committee on research (1977-92) Membership of the Commonwealth Scholarships Commission (1995-2001).
27342204_4_0	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Works Tribe reports that following might be viewed as his major works:
27342204_4_1	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Works The textbook: An Introduction To Economics For East Africa (1968). The "Samuelson of Africa". The first socio-economic development plan for Cambodia (1995-96) A study of small and medium industries in the Gulf States (1989) A study on wages and employment in Malawi (1993) A report on the agro-processing contribution to rural employment in Vietnam (1994)
27342204_4_2	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Works Tribe identifies the common features of these works a being their "rigorous economic analysis and a focus on people and the improvement of their living standards."
27342204_4_3	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Other sources Livingstone, Ian, Michael A. Tribe, John T. Thoburn, Richard Palmer-Jones (2005) Development economics and social justice: essays in honour of Ian Livingstone, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005 ,
27342204_4_4	27342204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29	Ian Livingstone (economist)	Ian Livingstone (economist). Other noted works Livingstone, Ian (1981) Development Economics and Policy: Readings, London, George Allen and Unwin
27342228_0_0	27342228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge%20Bengtsson	Helge Bengtsson	Helge Bengtsson. Karl Helge Bengtsson (19 December 1916 – 10 February 2001) was a Swedish footballer. He was nicknamed "Gripen" and was rarely referred to with his first name when he played.
27342228_0_1	27342228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge%20Bengtsson	Helge Bengtsson	Helge Bengtsson. Career Born in Malmö, Bengtsson played for Malmö FF his entire career and was the first choice goalkeeper for the team throughout the 1940s. He was part of the team which went undefeated during 49 games between 1949–1951. After his retirement from playing he continued to be a part of the club, sitting in the board of directors and being first team coach between 1962 and 1965. Bengtsson also played one cap for Sweden in 1949. It is said that he played a national cap for Sweden previously in 1939, however this match was played against Arsenal and was not regarded as an international match.
27342228_0_2	27342228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge%20Bengtsson	Helge Bengtsson	Helge Bengtsson. In total Bengtsson played 501 games for Malmö FF and scored three goals in two matches in which he played as midfielder.
27342242_0_0	27342242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%202010%20tornado%20outbreak	May 2010 tornado outbreak	May 2010 tornado outbreak. May 2010 tornado outbreak may refer to: Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 2010 Tornado outbreak of May 10–13, 2010 Late-May 2010 tornado outbreak
27342245_0_0	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. The Ulanga River, also known as the Kilombero River, rises in the highlands of the southwest of Morogoro Region, Tanzania, on the eastern slope of the East African Rift. The river flows northeast along the northeastern border of the Lindi Region before it flows into the Rufiji River. The Rufiji eventually flows into the Indian Ocean on the southern coast of the Pwani Region.
27342245_0_1	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. Geology The Ulanga Valley is an intact natural wetland ecosystem comprising myriad rivers, which make up the largest seasonally freshwater lowland floodplain in East Africa. The Ulanga River supplies two thirds of the Rufiji waters.
27342245_0_3	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. History Starting in 1885, Karl Peters had begun claiming areas of East Africa for Germany. The Tanganyikan coast proved relatively easy, but conquest of the inland areas of the colony—right up to the Belgian Congo—was more difficult as large parts were still unexplored. For this reason, Governor Gustav Adolf von Götzen led an expedition to claim these hinterlands. He took with him Georg von Prittwitz and Hermann Kersting.
27342245_0_4	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. The Ulanga River and its tributary the Kihansi were first surveyed in 1897-98 by von Prittwitz in an attempt to determine whether either river would afford a navigable waterway from the coast to the mountainous district of Uhehe. From Perondo von Prittwitz navigated the Kihansi in a canoe, determining that the Kihansi was too difficult to navigate due to the great number of sharp curves with narrow channel obstructed by hippopotamuses. The Ulanga with its broad smooth curves was easy to navigate by a light-draught steamer.
27342245_1_0	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. Political and economic The Ulanga River forms the boundary between the Ulanga District and Kilombero District of the Morogoro Region in the southeast of Tanzania.
27342245_1_1	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. Political and economic The majority of the villagers in the Ulanga Valley are subsistence farmers of maize and rice, though many make a living fishing. There are large plantations of teak wood in the Ulanga valley. In the north-west of the district, Illovo Sugar Company's sugar-cane plantations occupy most of the lowlying area.
27342245_1_2	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. Wildlife The Ulanga Valley is characterized by its large populations of large mammals such as the buffalo, elephant, hippopotamus, lion, and puku. The majority of the world population of puku antelopes live in the Ulanga Valley. The valley is home to one of the largest populations of Nile crocodile in Africa and is an important breeding ground for bird species such as the African openbill, white-headed lapwing, and the African skimmer. The valley is home to a number of species only found there, such as the Udzungwa red colobus monkey and three species of birds, the Ulanga weaver and two undescribed species of cisticolas.
27342245_1_3	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. Political and economic The river supports 23 species of fish that are caught on a regular basis, including three species of fish not found downstream in the Rufiji: Alestes stuhlmannii and two species of Citharinus congicus. Fish from the Rufiji river system migrate upstream to the Ulanga to spawn, usually at the beginning of the rains in November with peak spawning activity coming around in December.
27342245_2_0	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. Cultural references The eponymous boat in C.S. Forester's novel The African Queen (1935) and its subsequent film adaptation (1951) was a steam-powered launch, owned by a Belgian mining corporation, that plied the upper reaches of the Ulanga River.
27342245_2_1	27342245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River	Ulanga River	Ulanga River. Cultural references The German animal painter Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert depicted the river in his 1898 painting The Gallery of Trees Ulanga River.
27342251_0_0	27342251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden	Affärsvärlden	Affärsvärlden. Affärsvärlden (Swedish for "Business world") is a Swedish language weekly business magazine published in Stockholm, Sweden.
27342251_0_1	27342251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden	Affärsvärlden	Affärsvärlden. History and profile Affärsvärlden was founded in January 1901. Its former publisher was Ekonomi och Teknik Förlag AB. The magazine is published weekly by Affärsvärlden Förlag AB, which is a subsidiary of Talentum Sweden AB. The magazine is based in Stockholm.
27342251_0_2	27342251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden	Affärsvärlden	Affärsvärlden. Affärsvärlden merged with another business magazine Finanstidningen in 1964. However, the merge was not a success in terms of circulation in that it could only achieve a circulation of four to five thousand copies. In 2002 Affärsvärlden acquired the editorial office of Ekonomi24, an internet-based economy news agency founded in 1999.
27342251_0_3	27342251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden	Affärsvärlden	Affärsvärlden. The target audience of the magazine is investors and decision-makers in large and medium-sized enterprises.
27342251_0_4	27342251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden	Affärsvärlden	Affärsvärlden. Emil Fitger served as the editor-in-chief of Affärsvärlden from 1914 to 1953. Göran Lind is the editor-in-chief of the magazine.
27342251_0_5	27342251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden	Affärsvärlden	Affärsvärlden. In 2004 the circulation of Affärsvärlden was 14,700 copies. The magazine sold 26,200 copies in 2008.
27342251_1_0	27342251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden	Affärsvärlden	Affärsvärlden. 1901 establishments in Sweden Magazines established in 1901 Magazines published in Stockholm Business magazines published in Sweden Swedish-language magazines Weekly magazines published in Sweden
27342266_0_0	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Conrad Joseph Lynn (November 4, 1908 – November 16, 1995) was an African-American civil rights lawyer and activist known for providing legal representation for activists, including many unpopular defendants. Among the causes he supported as a lawyer were civil rights, Puerto Rican nationalism, and opposition to the draft during both World War II and the Vietnam War. The controversial defendants he represented included civil rights activist Robert F. Williams and Black Panther leader H. Rap Brown.
27342266_0_1	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Early life and education Conrad J. Lynn was born in 1908 in Newport, Rhode Island, to parents who had moved north from Georgia. His mother was a domestic worker and his father, a Republican, worked as a laborer. When he was a child, the family moved to Rockville Centre in Nassau County on Long Island. Lynn attended law school at Syracuse University on a debating scholarship, in 1932 becoming the first African American to graduate from the Syracuse University College of Law.
27342266_0_2	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. As a young man in the 1920s and 1930s, he was a member of the Communist Party, but he was ousted in the late 1930s because he had defied the party by supporting Trinidadian oil workers who went on strike against Britain. He never rejoined. Years later, the House Un-American Activities Committee was to describe him erroneously as "indiscriminate in support of Communist organizations."
27342266_1_0	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. African-American civil rights In April 1947, Lynn participated in the Journey of Reconciliation, a challenge to Jim Crow laws that later came to be considered the first "freedom ride" of the American civil rights movement; it was a forerunner to the Freedom Rides of the early 1960s. Sixteen civil rights activists, eight of them black and eight of them white, boarded Greyhound and Trailways buses and traveled through Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee to bring public attention to the reality of racial segregation and dramatize the South widespread disregard of the 1946 U.S. Supreme Court decision Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia. This held that the U.S. Constitution barred racial segregation in interstate transportation.
27342266_1_1	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist Lynn was the first of the group to be arrested, for sitting in the white section of a Trailways bus departing from Richmond, Virginia. Lynn told the bus driver that the Supreme Court had ruled against segregation on interstate buses, but the driver responded that his employer was Trailways, not the Supreme Court, and he was following Trailways rules. After being released on bail in Richmond, Lynn traveled to Raleigh, North Carolina, where he joined his colleagues on the bus and completed the journey.
27342266_1_2	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist In 1958, Lynn became involved in the highly publicized North Carolina "Kissing Case", involving a pair of African-American boys, 7 and 9 years old, who were jailed, prosecuted and convicted of rape, and sentenced to reform school until age 21 after they playfully kissed (or were kissed by) a white girl their age as part of a game. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) could not enlist any of its attorneys to represent the boys and referred the case to Lynn. After learning that the boys had already been convicted and sentenced by a county juvenile court judge without having either legal counsel or an opportunity to confront their accusers, as required by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution, Lynn appealed the conviction, but without result. He then contacted former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt for assistance; she urged President Dwight Eisenhower to intervene in the situation. As a result of these efforts and international attention that Lynn and others generated for the case, which was embarrassing for the US government, after three months' detention the boys were pardoned by the governor of North Carolina and released.
27342266_1_3	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist The "Kissing Case" was Lynn's first collaboration with North Carolina civil rights activist Robert F. Williams. In 1959, Lynn protested Williams' suspension from the NAACP, and urged the organization to adopt a more "militant program". Lynn later represented Williams as his lawyer during the 1960s, when Williams, who had become increasingly militant, exiled himself in Cuba, China, and Tanzania to escape prosecution in the United States for a charge of kidnapping. Lynn visited Williams in Cuba.
27342266_1_4	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist In the mid-1960s, Lynn teamed with attorney William Kunstler to represent the Harlem Six (six black teenagers) in appealing their murder conviction for robbing a secondhand store and killing one of the store's proprietors. The two attorneys believed that the teenagers had been framed. In the appeal filed in 1965, Lynn and Kunstler asked for the convictions to be overturned on the grounds that the Six had not had competent legal counsel for their trial. The convictions were reversed for a different reason – that some trial evidence had been inappropriately admitted. Retrials were ordered, beginning in November 1970, when two of the Six were retried. Lynn and Kunstler revealed their discovery that two prosecution witnesses had committed perjury in the first trial. After the trial concluded, the jury reported that it could not reach a verdict, so the trial was declared a mistrial. After another trial was held, again ending in a mistrial, the defendants were allowed to plead guilty to manslaughter in exchange for their immediate release from confinement.
27342266_1_5	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Military draft During World War II, Lynn represented his eldest brother Winfred Lynn in his resistance against the draft. Winfred Lynn refused induction into the United States Army as a protest against the Army's racial segregation, telling the government that he would gladly serve in the unsegregated Canadian Army, but would not serve in the segregated U.S. Army. Conrad Lynn's decision to handle his brother's case was contrary to the advice of civil rights organizations such as the NAACP, which considered support of the U.S. war effort to be in the best interest of African Americans. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) also refused to take the case, but ACLU attorney Arthur Garfield Hays participated with Conrad Lynn in Winfred Lynn's defense. Socialist Party leader Norman Thomas and journalist Dwight Macdonald led a support effort under the name 'Lynn Committee to End Discrimination in the Armed Forces.'
27342266_1_6	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist Winfred Lynn's case was based on a contention that racial discrimination in the military violated the Selective Service Act of 1940. After the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Lynn in February 1944, opining that the Selective Service Act's ban on discrimination did not bar segregation, the plaintiffs appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1945, the Supreme Court denied Winfred Lynn's certiorari request on the grounds that the case was moot because Winfred Lynn (who had been informed by an earlier court ruling that he needed to submit to military induction to keep his case alive) was by then in military service overseas. Looking back on the case in 1973, Conrad Lynn told a reporter that the legal battle had served "to make the public — particularly the white majority — aware that black people resented segregation as a mark of inferiority" and had helped bring an end to segregation in the Army in 1948 under President Harry S. Truman.
27342266_1_7	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist Two decades later, in the 1960s, Lynn represented a number of men who resisted the draft due to their opposition to the Vietnam War. In 1970 he argued the case of Gillette v. United States before the United States Supreme Court, challenging the constitutionality of the law that limited conscientious objector status to men who objected to war in general. He did not prevail in that case; the court's ruling in 1971 rejected all three arguments that had been advanced in support of selective conscientious objection.
27342266_2_0	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism Lynn was a long-time supporter of the nationalists who sought to gain independence for Puerto Rico. In the 1950s, he successfully defended Ruth Mary Reynolds against the charge of collaboration with the Puerto Rican Nationalist movement in the alleged advocacy of the overthrow the U.S. government.
27342266_2_1	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism He also represented Lolita Lebrón, one of five Puerto Rican nationalists who carried out an attack on the United States House of Representatives in 1954 to publicize the nationalist movement. He argued that the attack was an act of protest that was justified by "the illegality of the occupation of Puerto Rico by the United States." Lebrón and her four codefendants were convicted and given long prison sentences. Lebrón was not released from prison until 1979, when she was granted clemency by President Jimmy Carter.
27342266_2_2	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. HUAC Lynn was interrogated by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1963. He speculated that the committee's calling him reflected an effort by them "to frighten integrationists who are more radical than Martin Luther King."
27342266_2_3	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Campaign for judgeship In 1972 Lynn sought election to a judgeship on the New York State Court of Appeals, asserting that there should be a black man on the court, "since 90 percent of all those awaiting trial in state prisons are either black or Puerto Rican."
27342266_2_4	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Final years Conrad Lynn remained engaged as an attorney and activist until a few months before his death. He was one of the founders of the human rights activist group Refuse & Resist! in 1987. The second edition of his autobiography, There Is a Fountain: The Autobiography of Conrad Lynn (), first released in 1979 (), was published in 1993.
27342266_2_5	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism Lynn was married to Mary Garretson (1948-1950) and Yolanda Moreno (1952-1995). He resided in Pomona, New York for more than 45 years, where he died peacefully in his sleep on November 16, 1995. He was survived by one child with Mary Garretson and two children from his marriage to Yolanda Moreno as well and several grandchildren.[1]
27342266_2_6	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism Conrad Lynn donated his papers to Boston University, where they are archived in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center.
27342266_3_0	27342266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn	Conrad Lynn	Conrad Lynn. Notes Activists for African-American civil rights African-American lawyers American civil rights lawyers 1908 births 1995 deaths Syracuse University College of Law alumni People from Newport, Rhode Island People from Pomona, New York People from Rockville Centre, New York New York (state) lawyers 20th-century American lawyers Freedom Riders 20th-century African-American people
27342372_0_0	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. The old Essex County Jail is located in the University Heights section of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The jail is Essex County's oldest public building and a national landmark of value for its architectural and social history. The complex consists of about 20 structures of various size, age, and function ranging in date from the 1830s to 1930s. Collectively, they represent the evolution of American prison history over 100 years. For the quality of its architecture, its social history, and its links to the 1967 Newark Riots, this jail was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 1991.
27342372_0_1	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. The site has been abandoned since 1971 and remains property of the City of Newark.
27342372_0_2	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. Geography The jail was originally located at the city's edge in a neighborhood of farms and factories, adjacent to the recently completed Morris Canal. The grounds are now located adjacent to the Norfolk Street station of the Newark Light Rail, which was built along the route of the former canal bed in the 1930s. Due to the urban environment and geography, the jail's various buildings are tightly crowded over 1.5 acres - originally with few green spaces between for inmate recreation.
27342372_1_0	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. History English architect and social reformer John Haviland designed and built the jail in 1837 at the corner of Newark and New Streets. Haviland was an established prison architect at the time who was most notable for Eastern State Penitentiary, among other prison designs that emphasized prisoner reform over brutal punishment. The Morris Canal ran adjacent to the jail and formed the back of the property line. When the building was first built it was known as the Newark Street Jail. This jail replaced an earlier structure located at the corner of Broad and Walnut Streets at the present site of the Grace Episcopal Church.
27342372_1_1	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. History Haviland's jail consisted of a two-story square building built of brick and local brownstone in the Greek Revival style. Behind this there rose a three story sandstone structure - measuring roughly 75 by 100 feet - with tiers of cells running down the center. This cell block functioned as a temporary holding facility while inmates awaited trial and conviction. After conviction, inmates moved to the state prison in Caldwell, built 1872 and now demolished. In 1890, and again in 1893, 1903, and 1907, Haviland's original building was expanded with multiple additions increasing the number of prison cells upwards of 300. However, actual inmates numbers were often closer to 500 due to severe overcrowding during events like the 1967 Newark Riots. The building was also updated to include running water and toilet facilities in each cell. The building served as Essex County's main jail until 1971 when a new jail was built. In 1991, scenes for the film Malcolm X were shot at the jail. In 2003, a fire devastated the Women's Wing built 1895, which is now in rubble. The property is currently unsecured, open to trespassers and urban explorers, and frequently featured in ruins photography.
27342372_2_0	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. Current Site Conditions The building was severely damaged by fire in 2003. A new science park was planned for the site, but plans never left the drawing board. The design called for demolishing the entire structure, but the city's landmarks committee, which seeks to have the jail preserved, rejected the plan in 2010. The jail is rapidly decaying and many sections have already fallen down. In particular, The Warden's House, which dates from 1837, has partially collapsed due to lack of maintenance. Pending more detailed surveys, the other sections need to be stabilized before the structure is rehabilitated.
27342372_2_1	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. Current Site Conditions In July 2017, Rutgers Law School applied to de-register the facility from the National Register of Historic Places and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places; de-registering the site would allow demolition to go forward with no legal requirements for a feasibility study of possible reuses.
27342372_2_2	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. Current Site Conditions In spring 2018, a team of graduate students at Columbia University GSAPP researched the architectural and social history of this structure and set forth eleven proposals for the jail's reuse. This research became the subject of a spring 2019 design studio and exhibit in the Newark's Hahne's Building with funding from the Hanini Group, NJ Appleseed, and Newark Landmarks. This represents a first concrete step toward this structure's constructive reuse.
27342372_2_3	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey Old Essex County Jail This website documents all aspects of this site: social history, oral history, and current conditions.
27342372_2_4	27342372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail	Old Essex County Jail	Old Essex County Jail. Related Jails The architect John Haviland was known as the "jailer to the world." He constructed several other jails nearby in a series of jails, all with similar materials, construction, and design. As follows: Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia (1821–29). New Jersey State Prison near Trenton (1832–6). Rebuilding of Western State Penitentiary near Pittsburgh (1833–36). The Tombs (Hall of Justice) in Lower Manhattan (1835–38, demolished 1902). Missouri State Penitentiary, Jefferson City, MO (1836). Closed in 2004. Berks County Jail, Reading, PA (1848). Lancaster County Jail, 625 E. King Street, Lancaster, PA (1851). Rhode Island State Penitentiary (Old) Allegheny County Jail, Pittsburgh, PA. Luzerne County Jail, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (circa 1850).
27342400_0_0	27342400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto. Black Legion of Callisto is a science fantasy novel by American writer Lin Carter, the second in his Callisto series. It was first published in paperback by Dell Books in December 1972, and reprinted twice through January 1974. The first British edition was published by Orbit Books in 1975. It was later gathered together with Jandar of Callisto into the omnibus collection Callisto: Volume 1 (2000). The book includes an appendix ("A Note on the Thanatorian Language") collating background information from this and the previous volume.
27342400_0_1	27342400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto. Plot summary Jonathan Dark (Jandar), earthman mysteriously transported to the Jovian moon of Callisto (or Thanator), has succeeded in rescuing Princess Darloona of Shondakar from the Sky Pirates of Zanadar, only to see her fall into the hands of the Black Legion, the mercenary force that had previously occupied her native city and driven her and her followers into exile.
27342400_0_2	27342400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto. Journeying to Shondakar, Jandar improbably finds himself in the Legion's good graces after saving the son of its leader, the very man that leader intends to have Darloona wed in order to cement his control of the city. Having essentially been given a free hand to spy on the enemy, Jandar scouts out the city's defenses and weaknesses, particularly its tunnel system. He disrupts the wedding as Darloona's Ku Thad people infiltrate Shondakar through the tunnels and take the occupiers by surprise.
27342400_0_3	27342400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto. Jandar kills the mastermind behind the princess's misfortunes, the supposed priest Oola, who is secretly one of the Mind Wizards conspiring to take over all of Thanator. But during the battle the Sky Pirates invade, and while the Ku Thad are ultimately victorious over both foes, Prince Thuton of Zanadar escapes, carrying Darloona back to the captivity from which Jandar sprung her in the previous volume. Back to square one...
27342400_0_4	27342400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto. Reception Reviewing this book along with the preceding and following volumes, Lester del Rey found the series to be "fairly entertaining reading," but noted that Carter had "copied every trick of Burroughs, including those that are faults."
27342400_0_5	27342400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto. Den Valdron, assessing the series in ERBzine, calls this book, along with the other two volumes in the series's first trilogy, "quite good." He notes "[t]he world and the hero are fairly vivid, the action moves quickly. It's hardly deep, but it is fun."
27342400_1_0	27342400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto	Black Legion of Callisto. 1972 American novels 1972 science fiction novels American science fiction novels Fiction set on Callisto (moon) Novels by Lin Carter
27342412_0_0	27342412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Galakhov	Aleksandr Galakhov	Aleksandr Galakhov. Aleksandr Vitalyevich Galakhov (; born 3 December 1981) is a former Russian professional football player.
27342412_0_1	27342412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Galakhov	Aleksandr Galakhov	Aleksandr Galakhov. Club career He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Mordovia Saransk in 2004.
27342412_1_0	27342412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Galakhov	Aleksandr Galakhov	Aleksandr Galakhov. 1981 births Living people Russian footballers Association football defenders FC Lada Togliatti players FC Mordovia Saransk players FC Mashuk-KMV Pyatigorsk players
27342433_0_0	27342433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. The New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1929 by the New Jersey Bell Telephone Company and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 21, 2005. The art deco building was designed by Ralph Thomas Walker of the architectural firm Voorhees, Gmelin, and Walker. The buff brick and sandstone façade is decorated with pilasters created by sculptor Edward McCartan. Since the building's opening, soft orange lights have bathed its upper floors at night. The building is 20 stories and tall. The building later became headquarters for Verizon New Jersey, Inc.
27342433_0_1	27342433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. The building was sold in 2017 and has been converted to residential high-rise market rate apartments and renamed Walker House. Verizon still leases several floors in the building. It opened in 2019 as the Walker House, named for the architect who designed it.
27342433_0_2	27342433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. The Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign opened in the building in March 2019.
27342433_0_3	27342433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building	New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey List of tallest buildings in Newark
27342438_0_0	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Rodalies de Catalunya (; "Commuter Rail of Catalonia") is the main commuter and regional rail system in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia. It is administered by the Government of Catalonia and operated by the national rail operator Renfe Operadora. The system consists of 17 service lines chiefly centered in the Barcelona area, serving a total of 203 stations throughout Catalonia, with an average number of 1,000 trains running on it every day. In 2016, it had an annual ridership of 117 million.
27342438_0_1	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Most part of the system is the precursor of several commuter and regional lines running on the Iberian gauge mainline network in Catalonia, which were formerly under the administration of the Spanish government. On , as a result of the transfer of the administration of the Cercanías commuter rail system for Barcelona, known as Rodalies Barcelona, the system was renamed "Rodalies de Catalunya". One year later, Renfe's regional rail services within Catalonia were included in the system after their administration had also been transferred. In 2014, two new commuter rail services in Camp de Tarragona and the Girona area were created as part of the system on 20 and 24 March, respectively.
27342438_0_2	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Rodalies de Catalunya, specially its Barcelona commuter rail service, has been criticized for its high number of incidents, normally resulting in delays, though some minor accidents involving injuries have also occurred. The Catalan government has pointed out as their main cause poor investment in the system's infrastructure, which is owned by Adif, a public agency of the Spanish government in charge of conventional (non-high-speed) rail infrastructure in the country.
27342438_1_0	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service Rodalies de Catalunya's Barcelona commuter rail service consists of eight lines serving a large part of the Barcelona metropolitan area, even extending out of its limits in some cases. Regardless of the Vic–Latour-de-Carol portion, it runs on of railway lines and has 109 stations in 77 municipalities, accounting for a population of 4.7 million. It is calculated that the service has a daily ridership of 350,000 travelers and, according to 2016 figures, an annual ridership of 108.3 million.
27342438_1_1	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service All lines (excepting line ) are centred in the city of Barcelona, where they run on two underground trunk routes. Lines and , and partly lines and , use the Meridiana Tunnel, comprising Plaça de Catalunya, Arc de Triomf, La Sagrera-Meridiana and Sant Andreu Arenal stations. Contrarily, lines , and, partially, use the Aragó Tunnel, comprising Passeig de Gràcia and El Clot-Aragó stations. Both trunk routes converge at Barcelona Sants railway station, the service's main station.
27342438_1_2	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service The current system is the precursor of former Renfe Operadora's Cercanías commuter rail system for Barcelona known as Rodalies Barcelona, and it has kept most of its features. Nevertheless, while all the other Cercanías systems around Spain use letter 'C' (from the Spanish word cercanías) plus a number for identifying their lines, Barcelona's commuter rail system uses letter 'R' instead (from its Catalan equivalent rodalies). As for the numbering, since Rodalies de Catalunya shares market with Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) on the city's commuter rail, it can only use numbers from 1 to 10 leaving numbers 5 and 6 for FGC lines.
27342438_1_3	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service Since , a line named has been running between Barcelona–El Prat Airport and Barcelona's Estació de França. However, due to construction works near Barcelona Sant Andreu Comtal railway station, a "temporary" restructuring of lines R2 and R10 was implemented on ; the R10 was suspended and the R2 was divided into three different lines—R2, R2 Nord ("North") and R2 Sud ("South"). The R10 was initially scheduled to resume services two years later.
27342438_1_4	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service On , a restructuring of the service affecting several lines was implemented. It mainly involved the creation of new line R8, the first line ever bypassing Barcelona, and the rerouting of line R7. Before the restructuring, former line R7 ran from L'Hospitalet de Llobregat to Martorell via the Meridiana Tunnel in Barcelona's city centre and Rubí. With the rerouting, it was shortened and started to run as a shuttle line between Cerdanyola Universitat and Barcelona Sant Andreu Arenal stations. New line R8 took over the former route of line R7 between Martorell and Cerdanyola Universitat, then continuing towards Granollers Centre. Thanks to the changes applied on lines R7 and R8, it was able to increase frequencies with a train every 6 minutes and 8 minutes during rush hour on lines R1 and R4, respectively.
27342438_1_5	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service Typically, most trains call at all the stations on the line. Nevertheless, some trains on lines R2 Sud, R3 and R4 operate limited service and only call at certain stations. Furthermore, most trains on all lines, excepting lines R2, R7 and R8, operate partial services, being line R1 exclusively operated with partial services.
27342438_1_6	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Camp de Tarragona commuter rail service On , Rodalies de Catalunya began running a commuter rail service in Camp de Tarragona, a region in southern Catalonia mainly centered in the polycentric metropolitan area formed by the cities of Tarragona and Reus. At the time it started services, it was the first commuter rail service in Catalonia not centered in Barcelona. The Camp de Tarragona commuter rail service consists of two lines, which are identified by letters 'RT' (the latter referring to Tarragona) plus a number, serving a total of 13 stations. Both lines converge at Tarragona railway station and are served by stopping trains only. Currently, it does not run on weekends.
27342438_1_7	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service Line actually serves as a reinforcement for regional services between Tarragona and Reus with 9 additional trains in each direction, allowing a service pattern of approximately 30 minutes during rush hour and lower to one hour during off-peak time between the two cities, combining all lines.
27342438_1_8	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service On the other hand, line provides a direct service between the Baix Penedès and the Costa Daurada areas. Before the creation of the line, the L'Arboç–L'Hospitalet de l'Infant route was not possible without interchanging at Sant Vicenç de Calders railway station. Although line RT2 initially ran only between L'Arboç and Cambrils, from on, some trains travel further west to L'Hospitalet de l'Infant stopping at Mont-roig del Camp.
27342438_1_9	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Girona commuter rail service The Girona commuter rail service started services on , four days after the Camp de Tarragona commuter rail service did so, becoming the second commuter rail service in Catalonia not centered in Barcelona. It consists of a single 44-station line named RG1 (letter 'G' referring to Girona), which directly links the Alt Empordà, Gironès, Selva and Maresme areas. Before the RG1 started services, its route was only possible by interchanging at Maçanet-Massanes railway station. In addition, the RG1 has improved the service pattern at stations in the Girona area.
27342438_1_10	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Barcelona commuter rail service Line RG1 is actually an extension of some trains on Barcelona commuter rail service line which formerly terminated at Maçanet-Massanes. Due to this fact, line RG1's L'Hospitalet de Llobregat–Mataró section, despite not serving as a Girona-centered commuter rail line, but as a Barcelona-centered one, is included as part of the Girona commuter rail service. At the beginning, the RG1 did not run on weekends and ran exclusively between L'Hospitalet de Llobregat and Figueres. However, from on, some trains travel further north towards Portbou and additional weekend services are offered during the summer season.
27342438_1_11	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Lleida commuter rail service The Lleida commuter rail service started services on , becoming the third commuter rail service in Catalonia not centered in Barcelona. It consists of five lines; two labelled RL1 and RL2 (letter 'L' referring to Lleida), which directly link Lleida with Balaguer and Àger areas, on the Lleida-La Pobla Line, operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC), and parts of regional lines R12, R13 and R14 (see below), operated by Renfe Operadora, linking the city with Cervera and Vinaixa. The five lines in total have improved the service pattern at stations in the Lleida area.
27342438_2_0	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Regional rail services Rodalies de Catalunya's division for regional rail services consists of six lines centered in Barcelona that serve the whole of Catalonia and are sometimes extended towards the neighboring Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon and the Valencian Community as well as the French region of Languedoc-Roussillon. Although Estació de França serves as the main terminus station in Barcelona for most regional lines, especially those traveling towards southern and western Catalonia, all of them converge at Barcelona Sants only, which serves as the center of the service. The 2013 annual ridership for the regional rail services was 9.267 million. Regional services run on major corridors between Barcelona and other cities in Catalonia, excluding the Barcelona–Mataró and the Barcelona–Vilafranca del Penedès corridors, which are served by Barcelona commuter rail service lines and , respectively. In addition, none of the regional services (excepting line ) calls at all stations near Barcelona, which are already served by the city's commuter rail service. Yet, they usually stop at almost all the stations in Barcelona city centre.
27342438_2_1	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. For the Renfe Operadora-operated lines, see below. The system's division for regional services is the precursor of several Renfe Operadora's Media Distancia regional lines in Catalonia, which were identified using letters 'Ca' (from the Catalan or the Spanish language form of Catalonia, Catalunya and Cataluña, respectively) plus a number. With the transfer of all regional services to the Catalan government, the lines happened to be identified with letter 'R' like the already transferred Barcelona commuter rail service lines. In order to differentiate the regional lines from those that are part of the Barcelona commuter rail service, the first ones use only numbers larger than 10—currently, numbers 11–16—, leaving numbers 1–10 for Barcelona commuter rail service lines.
27342438_2_2	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. For the Renfe Operadora-operated lines, see below. Rodalies de Catalunya's regional lines have kept the same operating scheme just like before they were transferred, similarly to all other Renfe Operadora's Media Distancia lines around Spain. Likewise, there exist different types of train services. Specifically, the following types of train services are present in the system's division for regional lines:
27342438_2_3	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. For the Renfe Operadora-operated lines, see below. Regional (R): These services usually call at all the stations on the line. Regional Exprés (RE): In contrast to R services, RE services have fewer stops and are faster. They are, however, slightly more expensive than R services. Media Distancia/Mitjana Distància (MD): Similar to RE services referring to the number of stops and operating speed, though they are exclusively operated by Renfe series 449 trains, Renfe Operadora's newest rolling stock for regional lines, and are more expensive than RE trains. Currently, they run only on line .
27342438_3_0	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Ticketing In the Barcelona area, Rodalies de Catalunya participates in the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità's integrated fare system, allowing the use of standardized zone-based tickets with transfers to other operators such as the Barcelona Metro. In other regions, commuter rail tickets for other integrated fare systems are available from Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat del Camp de Tarragona, Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de l'Àrea de Girona, and Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de l'Àrea de Lleida.
27342438_3_1	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. Ticketing Rodalies de Catalunya also offers its own zone-based fare system. These tickets do not permit transfers to other modes, such as bus or metro, and allow the purchase of single tickets (as opposed to the multi-ticket sales for ATM). Fares within the Barcelona area start at €2.20 for one zone to €6.30 for six zones.
27342438_3_2	27342438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodalies%20de%20Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya	Rodalies de Catalunya. 2018 and 2019 derailments On 20 November 2018, a train on the R4 line derailed due to a landslide between the Vacarisses and Vacarisses Torreblanca stations, causing one death and 49 injuries. Another derailment on the same line occurred on 8 February 2019 between Sant Vicenç de Castellet and Manresa, killing the driver and injuring several other people.
27342460_0_0	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Ouvrage La Ferté, also known as Ouvrage Villy-La Ferté, is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of Montmédy, facing Belgium. The ouvrage lies between the towns of Villy and La Ferté-sur-Chiers. It possesses two combat blocks linked by an underground gallery. The westernmost position in its sector, it was a comparatively weakly armed fortification in an exposed position that left it vulnerable to isolation and attack. After a sustained attack during the Battle of France, the position was overwhelmed by German forces and was destroyed with its entire garrison killed. The fighting at La Ferté was the heaviest of any position in the Maginot Line. It is preserved as a war memorial.
27342460_0_1	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Design and construction La Ferté is one of four positions in the so-called Tête du Pont de Montmédy ("Montmédy Bridgehead"), a salient in the French defensive lines along the Belgian border. The isolated area was one of the "New Fronts" to the west of the main Maginot Line, created to defend against the increased threat of a German advance through Belgium. The New Front positions suffered from restricted funding, as well as discontinuity in the fortification lines. Large distances between fortifications compared to earlier portions of the Line made mutual support between ouvrages difficult.
27342460_0_2	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. The site was approved in 1934, under the supervision of CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency. Work by the contractor Chanel of Antibes began in 1935 at a cost of 14.5 million francs. A second phase was planned to add an artillery block. This was scaled back to a pair of separate artillery casemates. A separate entrance block was proposed in April 1940, linking to the casemates. As the initial confrontation with Germany was already underway, it was too late to be built, with a projected construction time of 18 months.
27342460_0_3	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Compared to earlier Maginot positions, the La Ferté site suffered from a number of design and construction deficiencies. The site contours around Block 2 required a great deal of rubble fill to cover the sides of the block. This rubble had not yet stabilised by the spring of 1940 and could be dislodged by artillery fire. Block 2 suffered from restricted fields of fire to the west and south-west, which were covered only by an automatic rifle cloche. The nearby road ran in a cutting that could not be swept by direct fire. Since La Ferté lacked mortars, the road was dead ground.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Pawsey

Mark Pawsey

Mark Pawsey. See also Rugby, Warwickshire Conservative Party Rugby Constituency

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Ian Livingstone (1933-2001) was a noted British development economist.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Early life Livingstone was born in France to Scottish parents. His family returning to the UK just prior to France falling to the Nazi's 1940. He studied economics at the University of Sheffield graduating with a first class degree. He followed this with post-graduate studies at Yale University.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Career Livinstone's first proper job was a civil service posting in Salisbury, Rhodesia and this was followed shortly after by his first academic job as one of the first staff in the economics department of Makerere University. After several years there he returned to Sheffield and became a lecturer in economic statistics in his old department. In 1965 he returned to head the economics department at Makerere, and then went on to lead the economic research bureau at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (1968-71). He also worked in the mid-70s as a research professor in the Institute of Development Studies (University of Nairobi) in Kenya. This was followed by a return to the UK for a brief posting at Newcastle University before moving to the post that was to see him to the end of his career - a professorship in Development Economics at the School of Development Studies at the University of East Anglia.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Other noted roles Membership of the economics committee of the Economic and Social Research Council (1976-80) Membership of the Overseas Development Administration's economic and social committee on research (1977-92) Membership of the Commonwealth Scholarships Commission (1995-2001).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Works Tribe reports that following might be viewed as his major works:

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Works The textbook: An Introduction To Economics For East Africa (1968). The "Samuelson of Africa". The first socio-economic development plan for Cambodia (1995-96) A study of small and medium industries in the Gulf States (1989) A study on wages and employment in Malawi (1993) A report on the agro-processing contribution to rural employment in Vietnam (1994)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Works Tribe identifies the common features of these works a being their "rigorous economic analysis and a focus on people and the improvement of their living standards."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Other sources Livingstone, Ian, Michael A. Tribe, John T. Thoburn, Richard Palmer-Jones (2005) Development economics and social justice: essays in honour of Ian Livingstone, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005 ,

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Livingstone%20%28economist%29

Ian Livingstone (economist)

Ian Livingstone (economist). Other noted works Livingstone, Ian (1981) Development Economics and Policy: Readings, London, George Allen and Unwin

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge%20Bengtsson

Helge Bengtsson

Helge Bengtsson. Karl Helge Bengtsson (19 December 1916 – 10 February 2001) was a Swedish footballer. He was nicknamed "Gripen" and was rarely referred to with his first name when he played.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge%20Bengtsson

Helge Bengtsson

Helge Bengtsson. Career Born in Malmö, Bengtsson played for Malmö FF his entire career and was the first choice goalkeeper for the team throughout the 1940s. He was part of the team which went undefeated during 49 games between 1949–1951. After his retirement from playing he continued to be a part of the club, sitting in the board of directors and being first team coach between 1962 and 1965. Bengtsson also played one cap for Sweden in 1949. It is said that he played a national cap for Sweden previously in 1939, however this match was played against Arsenal and was not regarded as an international match.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge%20Bengtsson

Helge Bengtsson

Helge Bengtsson. In total Bengtsson played 501 games for Malmö FF and scored three goals in two matches in which he played as midfielder.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%202010%20tornado%20outbreak

May 2010 tornado outbreak

May 2010 tornado outbreak. May 2010 tornado outbreak may refer to: Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 2010 Tornado outbreak of May 10–13, 2010 Late-May 2010 tornado outbreak

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. The Ulanga River, also known as the Kilombero River, rises in the highlands of the southwest of Morogoro Region, Tanzania, on the eastern slope of the East African Rift. The river flows northeast along the northeastern border of the Lindi Region before it flows into the Rufiji River. The Rufiji eventually flows into the Indian Ocean on the southern coast of the Pwani Region.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. Geology The Ulanga Valley is an intact natural wetland ecosystem comprising myriad rivers, which make up the largest seasonally freshwater lowland floodplain in East Africa. The Ulanga River supplies two thirds of the Rufiji waters.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. History Starting in 1885, Karl Peters had begun claiming areas of East Africa for Germany. The Tanganyikan coast proved relatively easy, but conquest of the inland areas of the colony—right up to the Belgian Congo—was more difficult as large parts were still unexplored. For this reason, Governor Gustav Adolf von Götzen led an expedition to claim these hinterlands. He took with him Georg von Prittwitz and Hermann Kersting.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. The Ulanga River and its tributary the Kihansi were first surveyed in 1897-98 by von Prittwitz in an attempt to determine whether either river would afford a navigable waterway from the coast to the mountainous district of Uhehe. From Perondo von Prittwitz navigated the Kihansi in a canoe, determining that the Kihansi was too difficult to navigate due to the great number of sharp curves with narrow channel obstructed by hippopotamuses. The Ulanga with its broad smooth curves was easy to navigate by a light-draught steamer.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. Political and economic The Ulanga River forms the boundary between the Ulanga District and Kilombero District of the Morogoro Region in the southeast of Tanzania.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. Political and economic The majority of the villagers in the Ulanga Valley are subsistence farmers of maize and rice, though many make a living fishing. There are large plantations of teak wood in the Ulanga valley. In the north-west of the district, Illovo Sugar Company's sugar-cane plantations occupy most of the lowlying area.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. Wildlife The Ulanga Valley is characterized by its large populations of large mammals such as the buffalo, elephant, hippopotamus, lion, and puku. The majority of the world population of puku antelopes live in the Ulanga Valley. The valley is home to one of the largest populations of Nile crocodile in Africa and is an important breeding ground for bird species such as the African openbill, white-headed lapwing, and the African skimmer. The valley is home to a number of species only found there, such as the Udzungwa red colobus monkey and three species of birds, the Ulanga weaver and two undescribed species of cisticolas.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. Political and economic The river supports 23 species of fish that are caught on a regular basis, including three species of fish not found downstream in the Rufiji: Alestes stuhlmannii and two species of Citharinus congicus. Fish from the Rufiji river system migrate upstream to the Ulanga to spawn, usually at the beginning of the rains in November with peak spawning activity coming around in December.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. Cultural references The eponymous boat in C.S. Forester's novel The African Queen (1935) and its subsequent film adaptation (1951) was a steam-powered launch, owned by a Belgian mining corporation, that plied the upper reaches of the Ulanga River.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River

Ulanga River

Ulanga River. Cultural references The German animal painter Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert depicted the river in his 1898 painting The Gallery of Trees Ulanga River.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden

Affärsvärlden

Affärsvärlden. Affärsvärlden (Swedish for "Business world") is a Swedish language weekly business magazine published in Stockholm, Sweden.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden

Affärsvärlden

Affärsvärlden. History and profile Affärsvärlden was founded in January 1901. Its former publisher was Ekonomi och Teknik Förlag AB. The magazine is published weekly by Affärsvärlden Förlag AB, which is a subsidiary of Talentum Sweden AB. The magazine is based in Stockholm.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden

Affärsvärlden

Affärsvärlden. Affärsvärlden merged with another business magazine Finanstidningen in 1964. However, the merge was not a success in terms of circulation in that it could only achieve a circulation of four to five thousand copies. In 2002 Affärsvärlden acquired the editorial office of Ekonomi24, an internet-based economy news agency founded in 1999.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden

Affärsvärlden

Affärsvärlden. The target audience of the magazine is investors and decision-makers in large and medium-sized enterprises.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden

Affärsvärlden

Affärsvärlden. Emil Fitger served as the editor-in-chief of Affärsvärlden from 1914 to 1953. Göran Lind is the editor-in-chief of the magazine.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden

Affärsvärlden

Affärsvärlden. In 2004 the circulation of Affärsvärlden was 14,700 copies. The magazine sold 26,200 copies in 2008.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden

Affärsvärlden

Affärsvärlden. 1901 establishments in Sweden Magazines established in 1901 Magazines published in Stockholm Business magazines published in Sweden Swedish-language magazines Weekly magazines published in Sweden

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Conrad Joseph Lynn (November 4, 1908 – November 16, 1995) was an African-American civil rights lawyer and activist known for providing legal representation for activists, including many unpopular defendants. Among the causes he supported as a lawyer were civil rights, Puerto Rican nationalism, and opposition to the draft during both World War II and the Vietnam War. The controversial defendants he represented included civil rights activist Robert F. Williams and Black Panther leader H. Rap Brown.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Early life and education Conrad J. Lynn was born in 1908 in Newport, Rhode Island, to parents who had moved north from Georgia. His mother was a domestic worker and his father, a Republican, worked as a laborer. When he was a child, the family moved to Rockville Centre in Nassau County on Long Island. Lynn attended law school at Syracuse University on a debating scholarship, in 1932 becoming the first African American to graduate from the Syracuse University College of Law.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. As a young man in the 1920s and 1930s, he was a member of the Communist Party, but he was ousted in the late 1930s because he had defied the party by supporting Trinidadian oil workers who went on strike against Britain. He never rejoined. Years later, the House Un-American Activities Committee was to describe him erroneously as "indiscriminate in support of Communist organizations."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. African-American civil rights In April 1947, Lynn participated in the Journey of Reconciliation, a challenge to Jim Crow laws that later came to be considered the first "freedom ride" of the American civil rights movement; it was a forerunner to the Freedom Rides of the early 1960s. Sixteen civil rights activists, eight of them black and eight of them white, boarded Greyhound and Trailways buses and traveled through Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee to bring public attention to the reality of racial segregation and dramatize the South widespread disregard of the 1946 U.S. Supreme Court decision Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia. This held that the U.S. Constitution barred racial segregation in interstate transportation.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist Lynn was the first of the group to be arrested, for sitting in the white section of a Trailways bus departing from Richmond, Virginia. Lynn told the bus driver that the Supreme Court had ruled against segregation on interstate buses, but the driver responded that his employer was Trailways, not the Supreme Court, and he was following Trailways rules. After being released on bail in Richmond, Lynn traveled to Raleigh, North Carolina, where he joined his colleagues on the bus and completed the journey.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist In 1958, Lynn became involved in the highly publicized North Carolina "Kissing Case", involving a pair of African-American boys, 7 and 9 years old, who were jailed, prosecuted and convicted of rape, and sentenced to reform school until age 21 after they playfully kissed (or were kissed by) a white girl their age as part of a game. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) could not enlist any of its attorneys to represent the boys and referred the case to Lynn. After learning that the boys had already been convicted and sentenced by a county juvenile court judge without having either legal counsel or an opportunity to confront their accusers, as required by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution, Lynn appealed the conviction, but without result. He then contacted former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt for assistance; she urged President Dwight Eisenhower to intervene in the situation. As a result of these efforts and international attention that Lynn and others generated for the case, which was embarrassing for the US government, after three months' detention the boys were pardoned by the governor of North Carolina and released.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist The "Kissing Case" was Lynn's first collaboration with North Carolina civil rights activist Robert F. Williams. In 1959, Lynn protested Williams' suspension from the NAACP, and urged the organization to adopt a more "militant program". Lynn later represented Williams as his lawyer during the 1960s, when Williams, who had become increasingly militant, exiled himself in Cuba, China, and Tanzania to escape prosecution in the United States for a charge of kidnapping. Lynn visited Williams in Cuba.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist In the mid-1960s, Lynn teamed with attorney William Kunstler to represent the Harlem Six (six black teenagers) in appealing their murder conviction for robbing a secondhand store and killing one of the store's proprietors. The two attorneys believed that the teenagers had been framed. In the appeal filed in 1965, Lynn and Kunstler asked for the convictions to be overturned on the grounds that the Six had not had competent legal counsel for their trial. The convictions were reversed for a different reason – that some trial evidence had been inappropriately admitted. Retrials were ordered, beginning in November 1970, when two of the Six were retried. Lynn and Kunstler revealed their discovery that two prosecution witnesses had committed perjury in the first trial. After the trial concluded, the jury reported that it could not reach a verdict, so the trial was declared a mistrial. After another trial was held, again ending in a mistrial, the defendants were allowed to plead guilty to manslaughter in exchange for their immediate release from confinement.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Military draft During World War II, Lynn represented his eldest brother Winfred Lynn in his resistance against the draft. Winfred Lynn refused induction into the United States Army as a protest against the Army's racial segregation, telling the government that he would gladly serve in the unsegregated Canadian Army, but would not serve in the segregated U.S. Army. Conrad Lynn's decision to handle his brother's case was contrary to the advice of civil rights organizations such as the NAACP, which considered support of the U.S. war effort to be in the best interest of African Americans. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) also refused to take the case, but ACLU attorney Arthur Garfield Hays participated with Conrad Lynn in Winfred Lynn's defense. Socialist Party leader Norman Thomas and journalist Dwight Macdonald led a support effort under the name 'Lynn Committee to End Discrimination in the Armed Forces.'

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist Winfred Lynn's case was based on a contention that racial discrimination in the military violated the Selective Service Act of 1940. After the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Lynn in February 1944, opining that the Selective Service Act's ban on discrimination did not bar segregation, the plaintiffs appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1945, the Supreme Court denied Winfred Lynn's certiorari request on the grounds that the case was moot because Winfred Lynn (who had been informed by an earlier court ruling that he needed to submit to military induction to keep his case alive) was by then in military service overseas. Looking back on the case in 1973, Conrad Lynn told a reporter that the legal battle had served "to make the public — particularly the white majority — aware that black people resented segregation as a mark of inferiority" and had helped bring an end to segregation in the Army in 1948 under President Harry S. Truman.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Career as a lawyer and activist Two decades later, in the 1960s, Lynn represented a number of men who resisted the draft due to their opposition to the Vietnam War. In 1970 he argued the case of Gillette v. United States before the United States Supreme Court, challenging the constitutionality of the law that limited conscientious objector status to men who objected to war in general. He did not prevail in that case; the court's ruling in 1971 rejected all three arguments that had been advanced in support of selective conscientious objection.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism Lynn was a long-time supporter of the nationalists who sought to gain independence for Puerto Rico. In the 1950s, he successfully defended Ruth Mary Reynolds against the charge of collaboration with the Puerto Rican Nationalist movement in the alleged advocacy of the overthrow the U.S. government.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism He also represented Lolita Lebrón, one of five Puerto Rican nationalists who carried out an attack on the United States House of Representatives in 1954 to publicize the nationalist movement. He argued that the attack was an act of protest that was justified by "the illegality of the occupation of Puerto Rico by the United States." Lebrón and her four codefendants were convicted and given long prison sentences. Lebrón was not released from prison until 1979, when she was granted clemency by President Jimmy Carter.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. HUAC Lynn was interrogated by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1963. He speculated that the committee's calling him reflected an effort by them "to frighten integrationists who are more radical than Martin Luther King."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Campaign for judgeship In 1972 Lynn sought election to a judgeship on the New York State Court of Appeals, asserting that there should be a black man on the court, "since 90 percent of all those awaiting trial in state prisons are either black or Puerto Rican."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Final years Conrad Lynn remained engaged as an attorney and activist until a few months before his death. He was one of the founders of the human rights activist group Refuse & Resist! in 1987. The second edition of his autobiography, There Is a Fountain: The Autobiography of Conrad Lynn (), first released in 1979 (), was published in 1993.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism Lynn was married to Mary Garretson (1948-1950) and Yolanda Moreno (1952-1995). He resided in Pomona, New York for more than 45 years, where he died peacefully in his sleep on November 16, 1995. He was survived by one child with Mary Garretson and two children from his marriage to Yolanda Moreno as well and several grandchildren.[1]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Puerto Rican nationalism Conrad Lynn donated his papers to Boston University, where they are archived in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Lynn

Conrad Lynn

Conrad Lynn. Notes Activists for African-American civil rights African-American lawyers American civil rights lawyers 1908 births 1995 deaths Syracuse University College of Law alumni People from Newport, Rhode Island People from Pomona, New York People from Rockville Centre, New York New York (state) lawyers 20th-century American lawyers Freedom Riders 20th-century African-American people

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. The old Essex County Jail is located in the University Heights section of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The jail is Essex County's oldest public building and a national landmark of value for its architectural and social history. The complex consists of about 20 structures of various size, age, and function ranging in date from the 1830s to 1930s. Collectively, they represent the evolution of American prison history over 100 years. For the quality of its architecture, its social history, and its links to the 1967 Newark Riots, this jail was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 1991.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. The site has been abandoned since 1971 and remains property of the City of Newark.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. Geography The jail was originally located at the city's edge in a neighborhood of farms and factories, adjacent to the recently completed Morris Canal. The grounds are now located adjacent to the Norfolk Street station of the Newark Light Rail, which was built along the route of the former canal bed in the 1930s. Due to the urban environment and geography, the jail's various buildings are tightly crowded over 1.5 acres - originally with few green spaces between for inmate recreation.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. History English architect and social reformer John Haviland designed and built the jail in 1837 at the corner of Newark and New Streets. Haviland was an established prison architect at the time who was most notable for Eastern State Penitentiary, among other prison designs that emphasized prisoner reform over brutal punishment. The Morris Canal ran adjacent to the jail and formed the back of the property line. When the building was first built it was known as the Newark Street Jail. This jail replaced an earlier structure located at the corner of Broad and Walnut Streets at the present site of the Grace Episcopal Church.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. History Haviland's jail consisted of a two-story square building built of brick and local brownstone in the Greek Revival style. Behind this there rose a three story sandstone structure - measuring roughly 75 by 100 feet - with tiers of cells running down the center. This cell block functioned as a temporary holding facility while inmates awaited trial and conviction. After conviction, inmates moved to the state prison in Caldwell, built 1872 and now demolished. In 1890, and again in 1893, 1903, and 1907, Haviland's original building was expanded with multiple additions increasing the number of prison cells upwards of 300. However, actual inmates numbers were often closer to 500 due to severe overcrowding during events like the 1967 Newark Riots. The building was also updated to include running water and toilet facilities in each cell. The building served as Essex County's main jail until 1971 when a new jail was built. In 1991, scenes for the film Malcolm X were shot at the jail. In 2003, a fire devastated the Women's Wing built 1895, which is now in rubble. The property is currently unsecured, open to trespassers and urban explorers, and frequently featured in ruins photography.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. Current Site Conditions The building was severely damaged by fire in 2003. A new science park was planned for the site, but plans never left the drawing board. The design called for demolishing the entire structure, but the city's landmarks committee, which seeks to have the jail preserved, rejected the plan in 2010. The jail is rapidly decaying and many sections have already fallen down. In particular, The Warden's House, which dates from 1837, has partially collapsed due to lack of maintenance. Pending more detailed surveys, the other sections need to be stabilized before the structure is rehabilitated.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. Current Site Conditions In July 2017, Rutgers Law School applied to de-register the facility from the National Register of Historic Places and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places; de-registering the site would allow demolition to go forward with no legal requirements for a feasibility study of possible reuses.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. Current Site Conditions In spring 2018, a team of graduate students at Columbia University GSAPP researched the architectural and social history of this structure and set forth eleven proposals for the jail's reuse. This research became the subject of a spring 2019 design studio and exhibit in the Newark's Hahne's Building with funding from the Hanini Group, NJ Appleseed, and Newark Landmarks. This represents a first concrete step toward this structure's constructive reuse.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey Old Essex County Jail This website documents all aspects of this site: social history, oral history, and current conditions.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Essex%20County%20Jail

Old Essex County Jail

Old Essex County Jail. Related Jails The architect John Haviland was known as the "jailer to the world." He constructed several other jails nearby in a series of jails, all with similar materials, construction, and design. As follows: Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia (1821–29). New Jersey State Prison near Trenton (1832–6). Rebuilding of Western State Penitentiary near Pittsburgh (1833–36). The Tombs (Hall of Justice) in Lower Manhattan (1835–38, demolished 1902). Missouri State Penitentiary, Jefferson City, MO (1836). Closed in 2004. Berks County Jail, Reading, PA (1848). Lancaster County Jail, 625 E. King Street, Lancaster, PA (1851). Rhode Island State Penitentiary (Old) Allegheny County Jail, Pittsburgh, PA. Luzerne County Jail, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (circa 1850).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto. Black Legion of Callisto is a science fantasy novel by American writer Lin Carter, the second in his Callisto series. It was first published in paperback by Dell Books in December 1972, and reprinted twice through January 1974. The first British edition was published by Orbit Books in 1975. It was later gathered together with Jandar of Callisto into the omnibus collection Callisto: Volume 1 (2000). The book includes an appendix ("A Note on the Thanatorian Language") collating background information from this and the previous volume.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto. Plot summary Jonathan Dark (Jandar), earthman mysteriously transported to the Jovian moon of Callisto (or Thanator), has succeeded in rescuing Princess Darloona of Shondakar from the Sky Pirates of Zanadar, only to see her fall into the hands of the Black Legion, the mercenary force that had previously occupied her native city and driven her and her followers into exile.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto. Journeying to Shondakar, Jandar improbably finds himself in the Legion's good graces after saving the son of its leader, the very man that leader intends to have Darloona wed in order to cement his control of the city. Having essentially been given a free hand to spy on the enemy, Jandar scouts out the city's defenses and weaknesses, particularly its tunnel system. He disrupts the wedding as Darloona's Ku Thad people infiltrate Shondakar through the tunnels and take the occupiers by surprise.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto. Jandar kills the mastermind behind the princess's misfortunes, the supposed priest Oola, who is secretly one of the Mind Wizards conspiring to take over all of Thanator. But during the battle the Sky Pirates invade, and while the Ku Thad are ultimately victorious over both foes, Prince Thuton of Zanadar escapes, carrying Darloona back to the captivity from which Jandar sprung her in the previous volume. Back to square one...

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto. Reception Reviewing this book along with the preceding and following volumes, Lester del Rey found the series to be "fairly entertaining reading," but noted that Carter had "copied every trick of Burroughs, including those that are faults."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto. Den Valdron, assessing the series in ERBzine, calls this book, along with the other two volumes in the series's first trilogy, "quite good." He notes "[t]he world and the hero are fairly vivid, the action moves quickly. It's hardly deep, but it is fun."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Legion%20of%20Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto

Black Legion of Callisto. 1972 American novels 1972 science fiction novels American science fiction novels Fiction set on Callisto (moon) Novels by Lin Carter

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Galakhov

Aleksandr Galakhov

Aleksandr Galakhov. Aleksandr Vitalyevich Galakhov (; born 3 December 1981) is a former Russian professional football player.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Galakhov

Aleksandr Galakhov

Aleksandr Galakhov. Club career He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Mordovia Saransk in 2004.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Galakhov

Aleksandr Galakhov

Aleksandr Galakhov. 1981 births Living people Russian footballers Association football defenders FC Lada Togliatti players FC Mordovia Saransk players FC Mashuk-KMV Pyatigorsk players

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. The New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1929 by the New Jersey Bell Telephone Company and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 21, 2005. The art deco building was designed by Ralph Thomas Walker of the architectural firm Voorhees, Gmelin, and Walker. The buff brick and sandstone façade is decorated with pilasters created by sculptor Edward McCartan. Since the building's opening, soft orange lights have bathed its upper floors at night. The building is 20 stories and tall. The building later became headquarters for Verizon New Jersey, Inc.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. The building was sold in 2017 and has been converted to residential high-rise market rate apartments and renamed Walker House. Verizon still leases several floors in the building. It opened in 2019 as the Walker House, named for the architect who designed it.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. The Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign opened in the building in March 2019.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Bell%20Headquarters%20Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building

New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey List of tallest buildings in Newark

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