olmer/wiki_mpnet_embeddings · Datasets at Hugging Face

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27342460_0_4	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. The separate artillery casemates were not habitable for any extended period and lacked close-in defences. With unusually large gun embrasures measuring by , they afforded little protection to their crews against accurate fire, while coverage from the main ouvrage was poor.
27342460_0_5	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Description La Ferté is a petit ouvrage. It is located immediately to the west of the Chiers River, with two semi-buried reinforced concrete combat blocks containing the position's armament and observation posts, linked by a deep underground gallery.
27342460_0_6	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Block 1: infantry/entry block with one automatic rifle cloche (GFM-B), one observation cloche (VDP), two mixed-arm cloches (AM), one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun/47 mm anti-tank gun (JM/AC47) embrasure. Block 2: infantry block with one retractable mixed-arm turret, one AM cloche, one GFM-B cloche and one GFM-B observation cloche. Block 2 was the principal focus of the German assault.
27342460_0_7	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. A separate entry block was planned, adjacent to the Villy Est casemate. The underground gallery system at La Ferté is simple, limited to a gallery linking the two blocks, which were initially designed to function as separate units with separate generating plants and ventilation facilities in each block. The gallery contained some shared facilities, such as a kitchen, a laundry and an infirmary, at an average depth of below the surface. The gallery's small size made it most useful as a link, rather than as the garrison, magazine, command post and long-term shelter afforded by the gallery systems of most Maginot ouvrages. Unlike most ouvrages, La Ferté's living spaces were near the surface in the two combat blocks. A more typical Maginot position would have such spaces under of earth or rock cover. Unlike many Maginot positions, the main drain at La Ferté was not configured as an emergency exit. The mixed-arm turret used on Block 2 was known to be mechanically trouble-prone, and La Ferté's turret particularly so.
27342460_0_8	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Casemates A number of small blockhouses are associated with La Ferté, as well as unconnected casemates:
27342460_0_9	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Casemate de Margut: Double block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure, two AM cloches and one GFM-B cloche, about to the east-southeast on the far side of the Chiers. Casemate de Villy Ouest: Artillery block with one 75 mm gun. Casemate de Villy Est: Artillery block with one 75 mm gun.
27342460_0_10	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. The Villy gun casemates are close to Block 2, directly adjacent to the 1940 road. They replaced the planned 75 mm gun turret block. The casemates are not connected to each other or to the main ouvrage, a weakness that influenced the 1940 combat action.
27342460_0_11	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Villy The village of Villy lies about one kilometre to the north-west of ouvrage La Ferté. Villy itself was fortified with more than a dozen blockhouses, along with networks of barbed wire and tank obstacles. The blockhouses were primarily prepared, reinforced firing positions and did not necessarily possess fixed armament.
27342460_0_12	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Manning The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Lieutenant Bourguignon comprised 97 men and 3 officers of the 155th Fortress Infantry Regiment (155th RIF) and the 169th Position Artillery Regiment (169th RAP). The units were under the umbrella of the Second Army, Army Group 1. The Casernement de Montmédy provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to La Ferté and other fortifications in the area.
27342460_0_13	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Lieutenant Bourguignon had exchanged commands with Lieutenant Guiard on 20 March 1940, Guiard taking Bourguignon's former position at the casemate of Thonne-le-Thil. Bourguignon was assisted by Sub-Lieutenant Thouémont, who commanded Block 2. Thouémont, who had been previously posted to a machine gun battalion in the 149th and 132nd RIF, lacked specific training on Maginot systems. He replaced Captain André, a reservist and mayor of Villy, who had been promoted. Bourguignon was responsible for command of Block 1, as well as for overall command. Compared to similar positions, La Ferté was understaffed with officers.
27342460_1_0	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Strategic situation The Second Army was commanded by General Charles Huntziger, who was responsible for the defence of the Ardennes region of the frontier, including the Fortified Sector of Montmédy. The sector was composed of two parts. The eastern portion was defended by the Maginot positions of La Ferté, Chesnois, Thonnelle and Vélosnes, widely spaced and small, compared to the massive fortifications of other sectors like Thionville. The western portion of the Montmédy sector was even more lightly defended, with several lines of fortifications ranging from fortified houses near the border to small blockhouses farther back. None of the western defences were of a scale sufficient to support La Ferté or to act as a significant block to an invading force without the organized support of mobile army formations. The relatively weak La Ferté position effectively acted as the western end of fixed fortifications.
27342460_1_1	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Strategic situation On 13–14 May, German forces crossed the Meuse near Sedan using integrated land and air tactics that broke the morale of the French 55th Infantry Division, driving them out of the blockhouse line and allowing the Germans to gain a strong position from which to exploit the breakthrough. A progressive collapse of the French Second and Ninth Armies from 14 May to 17 May allowed German forces to move to the west of La Ferté, cutting La Ferté off from much of its mobile support.
27342460_2_0	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 See Fortified Sector of Montmédy for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Montmédy sector of the Maginot Line. On 13 May advance elements of the German 71st Infantry Division approached La Ferté (which the Germans called Panzerwerk 505) and occupied the surrounding area, out of range of fire from the ouvrage. The 71st ID had trained specifically for an assault on the Maginot Line, and were provided with shaped charge explosives of the type used in the assault on the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael a few days before. The night of the 13th and 14th La Ferté installed a periscope in its machine gun turret, which had just been delivered on the 11th. On 15 May the Villy Est casemate opened fire on German troops advancing on a nearby farm. On the 16th the Germans took nearby Hill 226, which overlooked La Ferté from the west and attacked the higher Hill 311 (overlooking La Ferté from the south-west) despite fire from the Villy Ouest casemate. That evening, German reconnaissance around La Ferté and the Moiry and Sainte Marie casemates drew supporting fire from Ouvrage Chesnois's 75 mm guns. Chesnois fired 1200 rounds in seven hours. On 17 May, German forces made a series of determined attacks on Hill 311, and German artillery began bombardment of La Ferté with 21 cm mortars and 88 mm high-velocity anti-tank guns. About midday on the 17th, La Ferté's telephone communications were cut, forcing the position to communicate by radio, which could be monitored by the Germans, and which required Bourguignon to transmit through Chesnois to reach headquarters.
27342460_2_1	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 The Germans eventually captured Hill 311 just before nightfall, driving off the 1st Battalion of the 23rd Colonial Infantry Regiment with losses. During the afternoon of the 17th, the Villy artillery casemates were evacuated, while the German bombardment continued amid French fire from Chesnois. At about this time, General Huntziger ordered that Villy and La Ferté be relieved to prevent their encirclement, emphasising the importance of French possession of Hill 311, and directing that the town of Inor to the south-west be held at all costs. General Brochard, responsible for the area, decided to counterattack from the south through Hill 311 to La Ferté using the 3rd North African Infantry Division and the newly arrived 6th Infantry Division. Through the ensuing night, La Ferté requested and received supporting fire from Chesnois to suppress German movements on top of the ouvrage.
27342460_2_2	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 Telephone service was restored on the morning of 18 May, allowing better artillery coordination in support of La Ferté. By the afternoon, the Germans had occupied the village of Villy, completing the encirclement of the ouvrage. Between 1400 and 1500, Block 2's automatic rifle/observation (GFM) cloche was hit by German fire, killing three. At about the same time, the retractable mixed arms turret on Block 2 became stuck in the opened position, facing to the rear and unable to aim. As this comprised La Ferté's heaviest armament, it significantly reduced the position's defensive strength. At 1700, Germans entered the vacant Villy Est casemate, occupying Villy Ouest an hour later. Both had been evacuated by the French amid concerns about the German presence on Hill 311. From 1800 to 1830, three batteries of German 210 mm howitzers fired on La Ferté with supporting fire on the fort's surroundings from 155 mm howitzers. At 1810, four German 88 mm guns opened fire on the exposed portions of the main ouvrage. The combined artillery fire destroyed the barbed wire entanglements surrounding La Ferté and cratered the ground. Firing ceased after 20 minutes to allow German sappers to destroy the previously damaged GFM cloche. They then threw smoke bombs into the resulting hole and destroyed the stuck turret and two more cloches, leaving Block 2 incapable of further resistance. Supporting fire from Chesnois was hampered by smoke shells that obscured French observation posts' view of La Ferté.
27342460_2_3	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 The French counterattack was ordered from French lines using ten Char B tanks supported by two battalions of the 119th Infantry Regiment of the 6th Infantry Division. The attack was launched at 1930. With the infantry making a late start, the tanks halted at the saddle between Hill 311 and La Ferté to let them catch up. The infantry was met on the slopes of Hill 311 by two battalions of the 119th German Infantry Regiment, while three tanks were lost, two to enemy fire. The counterattack failed to reach La Ferté. In the meantime, Chesnois was ordered to cease supporting fire for fear of hitting the French rescue force, allowing the Germans to move freely about the surface. After dark, the Germans opened artillery fire on Block 1, while at the same time blasting the Block 2 mixed arms turret into the air so that it landed askew in its opening. At 2300, a ground assault on Block 1 was launched. Two hours later, all of Block 1's cloches were out of action. Chesnois was directly ordered not to fire on La Ferté by the 6th ID artillery director, despite continuing assertions from observers that the Germans were on top of the position. Lieutenant Bourguignon repeatedly asked General Aymé, his commander at the 3rd Colonial Infantry Division, for permission to abandon the position. Aymé refused to grant it, saying "Your mission has not changed." The commander of Chesnois, Bourguignon's former commander who pleaded with the divisional staff to allow Bourguignon to evacuate, advised him that "A Maginot Line ouvrage is like a submarine. One doesn't leave a submarine: one sinks with it." Contact was lost with La Ferté overnight.
27342460_2_4	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 By the morning of the 19th, resistance ceased. There was no response to repeated telephone calls from French headquarters. It became apparent that the interior of Block 2 was on fire. On the 20th, equipped with respirators, the Germans entered Block 2, encountering no one. The next day they were able to enter Block 1. Finding no resistance, the Germans moved on to other objectives. French patrols reached La Ferté on the 28th and 29th, reporting dense smoke within, but were unable to advance. On 2 June a German patrol made a full survey of the ouvrage, finding "the most difficult conditions imaginable," and discovering the corpses of the garrison in the underground gallery, apparently suffocated, most wearing gas masks. By 9 June the area was firmly under German control. The bodies of the garrison were recovered by a German disciplinary battalion and buried. Examination indicated that the garrison died of carbon monoxide poisoning. While the gas masks were effective against low concentrations of carbon monoxide, they could not cope with a concentration greater than 2%.
27342460_2_5	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 The entire garrison was posthumously awarded the Ordre de l'Armée and Bourguignon was made a chevalier of the Legion d'Honneur. On the German side, Oberleutnant Alfred Germer, who led the assault on Block 2, was awarded the Knight's Cross. Belated Unteroffizier Walter Pape was also awarded the Knight's Cross for conquering Panzerwerk 505 and for his leading of a storm troop (Sturmtruppführer) against Verdun in June 1940.
27342460_2_6	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. Current condition La Ferté is preserved as it was in 1940, with the scars of shellfire visible on cloches and concrete. The site includes a military memorial facing the new road alignment. A small cemetery, established in 1960 opposite the memorial, is the burial site for the majority of the garrison. The ouvrage and surrounding casemates are recorded as French historic monuments. The interior is open to the public on stated days. There is a short documentary (in English) made in May 2019, which tours the fort inside and outside
27342460_2_7	27342460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouvrage%20La%20Fert%C3%A9	Ouvrage La Ferté	Ouvrage La Ferté. See also List of all works on Maginot Line Siegfried Line Atlantic Wall Czechoslovak border fortifications
27342466_0_0	27342466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Tomilin	Pavel Tomilin	Pavel Tomilin. Pavel Petrovich Tomilin (; born 7 November 1985) is a former Russian professional football player.
27342466_0_1	27342466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Tomilin	Pavel Tomilin	Pavel Tomilin. Club career He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Mordovia Saransk in 2004.
27342466_1_0	27342466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Tomilin	Pavel Tomilin	Pavel Tomilin. 1985 births People from Saransk Living people Russian footballers Association football defenders FC Mordovia Saransk players FC Metallurg Lipetsk players FC Tambov players FC Dynamo Bryansk players
27342479_0_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. This page details football records and statistics in Turkey.
27342479_0_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Turkish Football Championship (1924–1951) Records and statistics in this section refer to the former Turkish Football Championship that was held from 1924 to 1951.
27342479_1_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most titles: 3, joint record Fenerbahçe Harp Okulu
27342479_1_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Appearances Most appearances: 8 Beşiktaş (1924, 1934, 1941, 1942, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1951)
27342479_2_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most defeats: 3 Altınordu (1927, 1932, 1935)
27342479_2_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Biggest win: İzmirspor 0–8 Fenerbahçe (1933)
27342479_2_2	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most appearances: 3 Fenerbahçe (1933, 1935, 1940)
27342479_2_3	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Scorelines Highest scoring games 18, Eskişehir Tayyare İdman Yurdu 17–1 Kütahya Türkspor (1932, Group stage) 15, Eskişehir Tayyare Yurdu 14–1 Giresun Hilâl Spor (1927, Preliminary round) 15, Altınordu 14–1 Antalya İlk Işık (1927, Quarter finals) 12, Balıkesir 12–0 Kütahya Gençlerbirliği (1927, Quarter finals) 12, Fenerbahçe 12–0 Adapazarı İdman Yurdu (1933, Group stage) 12, Harp Okulu 10–2 Trabzon Lisesi (1942, Final group) 12, Harp Okulu 11–1 Mersin İdman Yurdu (1944, Final group)
27342479_2_4	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Unbeaten champions Only the period from 1942 to 1951 is considered, as the Turkish championship was held as a knockout tournament before the 1942 edition. The following teams won the Turkish championship in a so called final group, which was a national play-off of the top regional leagues: Harp Okulu (1942) Fenerbahçe (1944) Gençlerbirliği (1946) Ankara Demirspor (1947) Ankaragücü (1949) Beşiktaş (1951)
27342479_2_5	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. National Division (1937–1950) Records and statistics in this section refer to the former National Division () that was held from 1937 to 1950.
27342479_3_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most titles: 6 Fenerbahçe
27342479_3_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most consecutive titles: 2 Fenerbahçe (1945, 1946)
27342479_4_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Süper Lig Records in this section refer to Süper Lig from its introduction in 1959 through to the present.
27342479_5_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most titles: 22, Galatasaray Most consecutive titles: 4, Galatasaray (1997–2000) 3, Galatasaray (1971–1973) 3, Trabzonspor (1979–1981) 3, Beşiktaş (1990–1992) 2, Beşiktaş (1957–1958; 1966–1967; 2016–2017) 2, Galatasaray (1962–1963; 1987–1988; 1993–1994; 2012–2013; 2018–2019) 2, Fenerbahçe (1964–1965; 1974–1975; 2004–2005)
27342479_5_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most points per season 16 Matches (2 points per win) 28, Fenerbahçe (1959) 38 Matches (2 points per win) 65, Beşiktaş (1959–60) 42 Matches (2 points per win) 68, Beşiktaş (1962–63) 30 Matches (2 points per win) 48, Beşiktaş (1965–66) 32 Matches (2 points per win)n 49, Fenerbahçe (1967–68) 34 Matches (2 points per win) 50, Trabzonspor (1983–84) 50, Fenerbahçe (1984–85) 50, Beşiktaş (1984–85) 36 Matches (2 points per win) 56, Beşiktaş (1985–86) 56, Galatasaray (1985–86) 38 Matches (3 points per win) 90, Galatasaray (1987–88) 36 Matches (3 points per win) 93, Fenerbahçe (1988–89) 30 Matches (3 points per win) 76, Beşiktaş (1991–92) 34 Matches (3 points per win) 85, Beşiktaş (2002–03) 40 Matches (3 points per win) 86, Galatasaray (2011–12)
27342479_5_2	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Top flight appearances Most appearances: 62, joint record Beşiktaş (1959–present) Fenerbahçe (1959–present) Galatasaray (1959–present)
27342479_5_3	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Rounds completed in leading position Most rounds: 556, Galatasaray 556, Fenerbahçe 412, Beşiktaş 208, Trabzonspor As of 27 July 2020
27342479_5_4	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Representation Most participants from a city: In the 1962–63 season, Istanbul had 11 entrants in the top-flight: Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Beyoğlu, Fenerbahçe, Feriköy, Galatasaray, İstanbulspor, Karagümrük, Kasımpaşa, Vefa, and Yeşildirek.
27342479_5_5	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Wins Most wins in a season, joint record 29, Beşiktaş 1959–60 (38 matches) 29, Fenerbahçe 1988–89 (36 matches) Most consecutive wins 13 Beşiktaş (10th week 1959–60 to 22nd week 1959–60) Most consecutive home wins 25, Galatasaray (34th week 2000–01 to 16th week 2002–03) Most consecutive away wins 12 Fenerbahçe (18th week 2010–11 to 6th week 2011–12) Fewest wins in a season, joint record 2, Diyarbakırspor, 1981–82 (32 matches) 2, Konyaspor, 1992–93 (30 matches) 2, Zeytinburnu, 1996–97 (34 matches) 2, Adanaspor, 2000–01 (34 matches) 2, Ankaragücü, 2011–12 (34 matches)
27342479_5_6	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Draws Most draws in a season 18, Ankaragücü, 1982–83 (34 matches) Fewest draws in a season, joint record 2, Fenerbahçe, 1991–92 (30 matches) 2, Eskişehirspor, 1995–96 (34 matches) 2, Fenerbahçe, 2004–05 (34 matches)
27342479_5_7	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Losses Most losses in a season 28, Kardemir Karabükspor, 2017–18 (34 matches) Fewest defeats in a season, joint record 0, Galatasaray, 1985–86 (36 matches) 0, Beşiktaş, 1991–92 (30 matches)
27342479_5_8	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Goals Most goals scored in a season 105, Galatasaray, 1962–63 (42 matches) 103, Fenerbahçe, 1988–89 (36 matches) Fewest goals scored in a season, joint record 6, İstanbulspor, 1959 (14 matches) Most goals conceded in a season 91, Adanaspor, 2000–01 (34 matches) Fewest goals conceded in a season 6, Fenerbahçe, 1969–70 (30 matches) Best goal difference in a season +76, Fenerbahçe, 1988–89 (36 matches) +70, Galatasaray, 1962–63 (42 matches) Worst goal difference in a season -66, Kardemir Karabükspor, 2017–18 (34 matches) Most consecutive games scoring 39, Galatasaray, (9 August 1997 – 21 November 1998)
27342479_5_9	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Scorelines Most goals scored in a single game 12, Fenerbahçe 8–4 Gaziantepspor, 1991–92
27342479_5_12	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Biggest away win Ankaragücü 0–8 Galatasaray, 1992–93
27342479_5_13	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Unbeaten Longest unbeaten run 48, Beşiktaş, 26th week 1990–91 to 13th week 1992–93 Longest home unbeaten run 90, Trabzonspor 10th week 1975–76 to 8th week 1981–82 Longest away unbeaten run 40, Galatasaray, 19th week 1997–98 to 31st week 1999–2000
27342479_5_14	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Attendance Highest attendance 76,127 Beşiktaş JK vs Galatasaray SK (at Atatürk Olympic Stadium 22 September 2013) 71,334 Galatasaray SK vs Fenerbahçe SK (at Atatürk Olympic Stadium 21 September 2003)
27342479_6_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. All-time most appearances As of 15 May 2021. (Bold denotes players still playing in the league).
27342479_7_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Goals Youngest goalscorer Most consecutive matches scored in: 9 matches, Metin Oktay for Galatasaray S.K., 1962–63 Saffet Sancaklı for Kocaelispor, 1995–96
27342479_8_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Goalkeepers Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 12 games (1,112 minutes), Şenol Güneş
27342479_9_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Finals Most wins: 18 Galatasaray (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1973, 1976, 1982, 1985, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019) Most consecutive titles: 4 Galatasaray (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966) Most consecutive appearances: 4 Galatasaray (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 - winning all) Trabzonspor (1975, 1976, 1977, 1978 - winning two) Galatasaray (1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 - winning two) Most appearances: 23 Galatasaray (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019) Biggest win: Gençlerbirliği 5–0 Eskişehirspor (1987) Most goals in a final: 8 Antalyaspor 3–5 Galatasaray (2000) Most goals by a losing side: 3 Antalyaspor 3–5 Galatasaray (2000) Most defeats in a final: 11 Fenerbahçe (1963, 1965, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2016, 2018)
27342479_9_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Scorelines Biggest home win 14–2, İskenderun Demir Çelikspor vs Fidan Gençlik, Round 2, 1980–81 Biggest away win 1–10, Uşak Belediyespor vs Denizli Belediyespor, Round 2, 2012–13
27342479_9_2	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Unbeaten Longest unbeaten run: 26 Galatasaray, 1962–63 to 1/4 Finals 2nd leg 1966–67 vs Altay
27342479_10_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Players Most Turkish Cup wins: joint record 6, Bülent Korkmaz: 1991, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005 (all with Galatasaray) 6, Hakan Şükür: 1988 (Sakaryaspor), 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005 (Galatasaray)
27342479_10_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Managers Most Turkish Cup wins: joint record 3, Gündüz Kılıç, 1963, 1965, 1966 (all with Galatasaray) 3, Ahmet Suat Özyazıcı, 1977, 1978, 1984 (all with Trabzonspor) 3, Aykut Kocaman, 2012, 2013 (Fenerbahçe), 2017 (Konyaspor) 3, Fatih Terim, 1999, 2000, 2019 (all with Galatasaray)
27342479_11_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Club records Most wins: 16 Galatasaray (1966, 1969, 1972, 1982, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019) Most appearances: 25 Galatasaray (1966, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019) Most consecutive wins: 5 Trabzonspor (1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980) Most consecutive appearances: 7 Beşiktaş (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995) Biggest win: Galatasaray 3–0 Ankaragücü (1972) Beşiktaş 3–0 Fenerbahçe (1974) Trabzonspor 3–0 Altay (1980) Galatasaray 3–0 Fenerbahçe (1996) Trabzonspor 3–0 Bursaspor (2010)
27342479_12_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Managers Most Turkish Super Cup wins: 5 Ahmet Suat Özyazıcı: 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983 (all with Trabzonspor) Fatih Terim: 1996, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2019 (all with Galatasaray)
27342479_12_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Players Most Turkish Super Cup wins: 6 Şenol Güneş: 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1983 (all with Trabzonspor) Turgay Semercioğlu: 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1983 (all with Trabzonspor) Necati Özçağlayan: 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1983 (all with Trabzonspor) Selçuk İnan: 2010 (Trabzonspor), 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019 (Galatasaray)
27342479_12_2	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. The double Four teams have won the Double of the Süper Lig and the Turkish Cup.
27342479_13_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most successful clubs overall Key 1 Only the first five editions of the Prime Minister's Cup (1944–1950) are included, when it was held as an early super cup. The figures in bold indicate the most times this competition has been won by a Turkish team. Balkans Cup is not considered a UEFA competition, and hence clubs' records in the Balkans Cup are not considered part of their European record.
27342479_14_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most successful managers overall (1959–present) The figures in bold represent the most times this competition has been won by a manager.
27342479_14_1	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Most successful managers overall (1959–present) Süper Lig all-time table (1959–present) The overall performances of 73 participant football clubs since the establishment of Süper Lig in 1959 are as follows: In this ranking 3 points are awarded for a win, 1 for a draw, and 0 for a loss, although the Süper Lig awarded 2 points for a win until the 1987–88 season.
27342479_14_2	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. Overall league positions (1959–2021) The overall list of league positions of 73 participant football clubs since the establishment of Süper Lig in 1959 are as follows:
27342479_15_0	27342479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey	Football records and statistics in Turkey. See also Süper Lig List of Süper Lig top scorers List of Turkish football champions
27342482_0_0	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. Power Hungry: The Myths of "Green" Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future is a book by Robert Bryce about energy, mainly from a United States perspective. It was published in 2010 by PublicAffairs. A short essay based on the book was released as an op-ed by the author in The Washington Post.
27342482_0_1	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. Synopsis As in his earlier book Gusher of Lies (which was about the idea of energy independence), Bryce argues that the United States needs to continue to use large amounts of fossil fuels including imported oil. However he does contemplate ways in which reliance on fossil fuels might be reduced: Energy efficiency: Bryce claims that the United States' record in improving energy efficiency puts it in the top three of the developed countries, and he explains the relatively high per capita energy consumption by arguing that the country is not "addicted to oil", as stated by George W. Bush, but addicted to prosperity. The use of nuclear power
27342482_0_2	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. Bryce argues that some renewable sources, such as wind farms, are not truly green and that carbon capture and storage will not work and will prove to be an expensive mistake.
27342482_0_3	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. Reception Trevor Butterworth writing in the Wall Street Journal praised Power Hungry as a "brutal, brilliant exploration" of the quest for green energy.
27342482_0_4	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. William Tucker writing for The American Spectator said that Power Hungry is filled with little tidbits that "make endlessly fascinating reading. For instance, In 1971 we consumed twice as much energy from natural gas as from coal, but coal made a comeback under Carter and overtook natural gas in 1986".
27342482_0_5	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. Roger A. Pielke, Jr. wrote on his blog, "Bryce's book is generally well-written and well-argued, if sprawling and at times more pastiche than systematic argument. His book has three parts. The first surveys our demand for energy and why it is inevitably going to increase. The second seeks to dispel a slew of "myths" about green energy—13 myths in all".
27342482_0_6	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. See also Gusher of Lies: The Dangerous Delusions of Energy Independence Pipe Dreams: Greed, Ego, and the Death of Enron
27342482_1_0	27342482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Hungry	Power Hungry	Power Hungry. 2010 non-fiction books 2010 in the environment Energy development Peak oil books American non-fiction books Energy in the United States Books about energy issues PublicAffairs books
27342484_0_0	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Samantha Harvey (born 1975), is an English author and a lecturer at Bath Spa University. She has published four novels: The Wilderness (2009), All Is Song (2012), Dear Thief (2014) and The Western Wind (2018). Harvey published a memoir, The Shapeless Unease, in 2020.
27342484_0_1	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Education Harvey completed the Bath Spa Creative Writing MA course in 2005, and has also completed a postgraduate course in philosophy and a PhD in Creative Writing.
27342484_0_2	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Career Her first novel The Wilderness (2009), is written from the point of view of man developing Alzheimer's disease, and describes through increasingly fractured prose the unravelling effect of the disease. Her second novel, All Is Song (2012), is a novel about moral and filial duty, and about the choice between questioning and conforming. The author has described the novel as a loose, modern day reimagining of the life of Socrates.
27342484_0_3	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Her third novel, Dear Thief, is a long letter from a woman to her absent friend, detailing the emotional fallout of a love triangle. The novel is said to be based on the Leonard Cohen song Famous Blue Raincoat. It was published in 2014 by Jonathan Cape. Her fourth novel, The Western Wind, about a priest in fifteenth-century Somerset, was published in March 2018.
27342484_0_4	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Her short stories have appeared in Granta Magazine and on BBC Radio 4.
27342484_0_5	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Harvey's novels have been considered for many prizes, including the Man Booker Prize, the Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction, the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and the Orange Prize. In 2010 she was named one of the 12 best new British novelists by The Culture Show. In 2019, The Western Wind won the Staunch Book Prize.
27342484_0_6	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). She is a Senior Lecturer on the MA in Creative Writing at Bath Spa University and a member of the Academy for the Rathbones Folio Prize. She was a member of the jury for the 2016 Scotiabank Giller Prize.
27342484_1_0	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Nominations and prizes Shortlisted for the 2019 Walter Scott Prize for The Western Wind Shortlisted for the James Tait Black Memorial Prizes (2015) Longlisted for the Jerwood Fiction Uncovered Prize (2015) Longlisted for the Baileys Prize for Fiction (2015) Shortlisted for the Orange Prize for Fiction (2009) Longlisted for the Man Booker Prize (2009) Shortlisted for the Guardian First Book Award (2009) Winner of the AMI Literature Award (2009) Winner of the Betty Trask Prize (2009)
27342484_1_1	27342484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Harvey%20%28author%29	Samantha Harvey (author)	Samantha Harvey (author). Translations Harvey's novels have been published in the following translations: Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Norwegian, Portuguese and Romanian.
27342510_0_0	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Wiltshire Air Ambulance is a helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) serving Wiltshire and surrounding areas, including Bath. The service was launched in 1990, but since 2015 it has been run by Wiltshire Air Ambulance Charitable Trust, a registered charity.
27342510_0_1	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. History The service was formed on 15 March 1990, as a joint venture between Wiltshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust and Wiltshire Police using a joint helicopter, based at police headquarters in Devizes.
27342510_0_2	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. The Wiltshire Air Ambulance Appeal, a registered charity, was set up to raise funds for Wiltshire Air Ambulance. It was run by Wiltshire Ambulance Service and later by the now-defunct Great Western Ambulance Service, which was the sole trustee.
27342510_0_3	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. In October 2011, the Wiltshire Air Ambulance Charitable Trust (WAACT) was formed to run Wiltshire Air Ambulance. The new charity was independent of the ambulance service. The charity paid about £700,000 annually, a third of the operating cost, with Wiltshire Police paying the remainder. The collaboration with Wiltshire Police ended on 31 December 2014, due to the force joining the National Police Air Service.
27342510_0_4	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. On 9 January 2015, Wiltshire Air Ambulance began operations as a stand-alone air ambulance. Operating a dedicated air ambulance meant the charity needed to raise £3.25million a year to cover the cost of delivering the service. The charity leased the Devizes airbase while a new airbase and administrative headquarters were built at Outmarsh, between Melksham and Semington. The new site became fully operational in June 2018, and was formally opened by Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall in December of that year.
27342510_0_5	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. In the year ending October 2020, income was £4.4M, including £532,000 from government contracts. Total spending was £4.0M, of which £3.3M was spent to deliver the service.
27342510_0_6	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. In 2020, the charity was deployed on 1,238 missions, of which the helicopter attended 568 and the two RRVs attended 670. including 194 missions in Swindon, 96 in Salisbury and 80 in the nearby city of Bath.
27342510_1_0	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Aircraft The helicopter in use is a Bell 429 GlobalRanger, the first of its type to operate as an air ambulance in the UK. It has a range of and a top speed of , enabling it to reach anywhere in the county within a short time.
27342510_1_1	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Aircraft The normal crew configuration is one pilot and two paramedics. The five pilots are employed by the charity, while the paramedics are seconded from South Western Ambulance Service. The charity pays for six of the twelve paramedics' salaries. The aircraft is fitted with an Aerolite medical interior. On board is all the kit found on a land ambulance, with extra specialist equipment, all paid for by donations.
27342510_1_2	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Aircraft The helicopter's registration is G-WLTS and its callsign is Helimed 22. In 2018, the helicopter flew 494 missions, and the team responded to a further 609 incidents by road. In 2019, the number of incidents rose 12% to 1,223 and 920 of these were attended by road, owing to the grounding of the helicopter for most of the year.
27342510_2_0	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. 2018 service interruptions The helicopter was out of service for over a month in June and July 2018, while a technical failure was investigated. Flight operations were also suspended for two weeks in August 2018 as the aircraft, vehicles and airbase buildings were examined to ensure no contamination resulting from the 2018 Amesbury poisonings was present. The aircraft did not respond to the poisonings as it was again grounded due to a technical failure, but there was concern that traces of Novichok agent may have been transferred onto equipment used by critical care paramedics who responded in rapid response vehicles (RRV). The charity later said the interruption had resulted in additional costs of £100,000.
27342510_2_1	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. 2019 grounding In early January 2019, the helicopter was grounded after an incident during pre-flight checks, which was similar to the June 2018 incident. The situation was complicated by the entry into voluntary liquidation of Heli Charter, who supplied the aircraft and were the holder of the air operator certificate (AOC). Medical provision continued by way of RRV, before the service returned to flying on 11 January 2019 with the delivery of a temporary MD 902 supplied by Specialist Aviation Services, the company that supplied the aircraft shared with Wiltshire Police until 2014.
27342510_2_2	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Operational challenges The charity declared its intention to apply for its own AOC to allow it to operate the Bell 429 directly, but cautioned that this could not occur until the cause of the January incident had been established. In response to this incident and two more elsewhere, the helicopter's manufacturer issued changes to the Flight Manual in April. The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) completed inspections in August and issued the AOC in November, enabling the Bell 429 to re-enter service. The CAA's delay had been criticised by local MP Michelle Donelan in October, and in December Private Eye magazine claimed that the CAA had "dragged its feet" and stated that the charity had made a formal complaint to the CAA.
27342510_2_3	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Operational challenges In April 2020, the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) published their report into the 2018 and 2019 incidents, which were together classed as a "serious incident". The report called for Bell Textron, the helicopter manufacturer, to improve the procedure for conduct of the Power Assurance Check; Bell also undertook to make future improvements to the flight control system software. The AAIB also found that the cockpit voice recorder had been affected by the fitting of TETRA communications equipment in 2015, and the defect had not been found during annual checks by the recorder's manufacturer, leading to a recommendation to the European Aviation Safety Agency regarding checks to be made after adding equipment.
27342510_3_0	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Fundraising The WAACT charity raises money from several sources, including raffles and a lottery which provides over 30% of the charity's income, collection tins, community fundraising, corporate fundraising, its Devizes charity shop, and legacies. It costs £3.75 million each year to keep the air ambulance flying and saving lives. The charity receives no regular direct funding from the Government or National Lottery grants.
27342510_3_1	27342510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire%20Air%20Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire Air Ambulance. Fundraising The charity shop in Westbury closed in March 2020. Their only remaining Charity Shop is based in Devizes on Maryport Street.
27342556_0_0	27342556	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangza	Sangza	Sangza. Sangza (, ; , IPA: , Xiao'erjing: صًا ذِ) is a popular snack in north of China, consisting of deep-fried noodles in a twisted pyramid shape. The snack is made by pulling wheat flour dough into thin ropes, which are deep-fried. Bunches of the ropes are then shaped into rings, which are stacked into a pyramid.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. The separate artillery casemates were not habitable for any extended period and lacked close-in defences. With unusually large gun embrasures measuring by , they afforded little protection to their crews against accurate fire, while coverage from the main ouvrage was poor.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Description La Ferté is a petit ouvrage. It is located immediately to the west of the Chiers River, with two semi-buried reinforced concrete combat blocks containing the position's armament and observation posts, linked by a deep underground gallery.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Block 1: infantry/entry block with one automatic rifle cloche (GFM-B), one observation cloche (VDP), two mixed-arm cloches (AM), one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun/47 mm anti-tank gun (JM/AC47) embrasure. Block 2: infantry block with one retractable mixed-arm turret, one AM cloche, one GFM-B cloche and one GFM-B observation cloche. Block 2 was the principal focus of the German assault.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. A separate entry block was planned, adjacent to the Villy Est casemate. The underground gallery system at La Ferté is simple, limited to a gallery linking the two blocks, which were initially designed to function as separate units with separate generating plants and ventilation facilities in each block. The gallery contained some shared facilities, such as a kitchen, a laundry and an infirmary, at an average depth of below the surface. The gallery's small size made it most useful as a link, rather than as the garrison, magazine, command post and long-term shelter afforded by the gallery systems of most Maginot ouvrages. Unlike most ouvrages, La Ferté's living spaces were near the surface in the two combat blocks. A more typical Maginot position would have such spaces under of earth or rock cover. Unlike many Maginot positions, the main drain at La Ferté was not configured as an emergency exit. The mixed-arm turret used on Block 2 was known to be mechanically trouble-prone, and La Ferté's turret particularly so.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Casemates A number of small blockhouses are associated with La Ferté, as well as unconnected casemates:

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Casemate de Margut: Double block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure, two AM cloches and one GFM-B cloche, about to the east-southeast on the far side of the Chiers. Casemate de Villy Ouest: Artillery block with one 75 mm gun. Casemate de Villy Est: Artillery block with one 75 mm gun.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. The Villy gun casemates are close to Block 2, directly adjacent to the 1940 road. They replaced the planned 75 mm gun turret block. The casemates are not connected to each other or to the main ouvrage, a weakness that influenced the 1940 combat action.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Villy The village of Villy lies about one kilometre to the north-west of ouvrage La Ferté. Villy itself was fortified with more than a dozen blockhouses, along with networks of barbed wire and tank obstacles. The blockhouses were primarily prepared, reinforced firing positions and did not necessarily possess fixed armament.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Manning The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Lieutenant Bourguignon comprised 97 men and 3 officers of the 155th Fortress Infantry Regiment (155th RIF) and the 169th Position Artillery Regiment (169th RAP). The units were under the umbrella of the Second Army, Army Group 1. The Casernement de Montmédy provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to La Ferté and other fortifications in the area.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Lieutenant Bourguignon had exchanged commands with Lieutenant Guiard on 20 March 1940, Guiard taking Bourguignon's former position at the casemate of Thonne-le-Thil. Bourguignon was assisted by Sub-Lieutenant Thouémont, who commanded Block 2. Thouémont, who had been previously posted to a machine gun battalion in the 149th and 132nd RIF, lacked specific training on Maginot systems. He replaced Captain André, a reservist and mayor of Villy, who had been promoted. Bourguignon was responsible for command of Block 1, as well as for overall command. Compared to similar positions, La Ferté was understaffed with officers.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Strategic situation The Second Army was commanded by General Charles Huntziger, who was responsible for the defence of the Ardennes region of the frontier, including the Fortified Sector of Montmédy. The sector was composed of two parts. The eastern portion was defended by the Maginot positions of La Ferté, Chesnois, Thonnelle and Vélosnes, widely spaced and small, compared to the massive fortifications of other sectors like Thionville. The western portion of the Montmédy sector was even more lightly defended, with several lines of fortifications ranging from fortified houses near the border to small blockhouses farther back. None of the western defences were of a scale sufficient to support La Ferté or to act as a significant block to an invading force without the organized support of mobile army formations. The relatively weak La Ferté position effectively acted as the western end of fixed fortifications.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Strategic situation On 13–14 May, German forces crossed the Meuse near Sedan using integrated land and air tactics that broke the morale of the French 55th Infantry Division, driving them out of the blockhouse line and allowing the Germans to gain a strong position from which to exploit the breakthrough. A progressive collapse of the French Second and Ninth Armies from 14 May to 17 May allowed German forces to move to the west of La Ferté, cutting La Ferté off from much of its mobile support.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 See Fortified Sector of Montmédy for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Montmédy sector of the Maginot Line. On 13 May advance elements of the German 71st Infantry Division approached La Ferté (which the Germans called Panzerwerk 505) and occupied the surrounding area, out of range of fire from the ouvrage. The 71st ID had trained specifically for an assault on the Maginot Line, and were provided with shaped charge explosives of the type used in the assault on the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael a few days before. The night of the 13th and 14th La Ferté installed a periscope in its machine gun turret, which had just been delivered on the 11th. On 15 May the Villy Est casemate opened fire on German troops advancing on a nearby farm. On the 16th the Germans took nearby Hill 226, which overlooked La Ferté from the west and attacked the higher Hill 311 (overlooking La Ferté from the south-west) despite fire from the Villy Ouest casemate. That evening, German reconnaissance around La Ferté and the Moiry and Sainte Marie casemates drew supporting fire from Ouvrage Chesnois's 75 mm guns. Chesnois fired 1200 rounds in seven hours. On 17 May, German forces made a series of determined attacks on Hill 311, and German artillery began bombardment of La Ferté with 21 cm mortars and 88 mm high-velocity anti-tank guns. About midday on the 17th, La Ferté's telephone communications were cut, forcing the position to communicate by radio, which could be monitored by the Germans, and which required Bourguignon to transmit through Chesnois to reach headquarters.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 The Germans eventually captured Hill 311 just before nightfall, driving off the 1st Battalion of the 23rd Colonial Infantry Regiment with losses. During the afternoon of the 17th, the Villy artillery casemates were evacuated, while the German bombardment continued amid French fire from Chesnois. At about this time, General Huntziger ordered that Villy and La Ferté be relieved to prevent their encirclement, emphasising the importance of French possession of Hill 311, and directing that the town of Inor to the south-west be held at all costs. General Brochard, responsible for the area, decided to counterattack from the south through Hill 311 to La Ferté using the 3rd North African Infantry Division and the newly arrived 6th Infantry Division. Through the ensuing night, La Ferté requested and received supporting fire from Chesnois to suppress German movements on top of the ouvrage.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 Telephone service was restored on the morning of 18 May, allowing better artillery coordination in support of La Ferté. By the afternoon, the Germans had occupied the village of Villy, completing the encirclement of the ouvrage. Between 1400 and 1500, Block 2's automatic rifle/observation (GFM) cloche was hit by German fire, killing three. At about the same time, the retractable mixed arms turret on Block 2 became stuck in the opened position, facing to the rear and unable to aim. As this comprised La Ferté's heaviest armament, it significantly reduced the position's defensive strength. At 1700, Germans entered the vacant Villy Est casemate, occupying Villy Ouest an hour later. Both had been evacuated by the French amid concerns about the German presence on Hill 311. From 1800 to 1830, three batteries of German 210 mm howitzers fired on La Ferté with supporting fire on the fort's surroundings from 155 mm howitzers. At 1810, four German 88 mm guns opened fire on the exposed portions of the main ouvrage. The combined artillery fire destroyed the barbed wire entanglements surrounding La Ferté and cratered the ground. Firing ceased after 20 minutes to allow German sappers to destroy the previously damaged GFM cloche. They then threw smoke bombs into the resulting hole and destroyed the stuck turret and two more cloches, leaving Block 2 incapable of further resistance. Supporting fire from Chesnois was hampered by smoke shells that obscured French observation posts' view of La Ferté.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 The French counterattack was ordered from French lines using ten Char B tanks supported by two battalions of the 119th Infantry Regiment of the 6th Infantry Division. The attack was launched at 1930. With the infantry making a late start, the tanks halted at the saddle between Hill 311 and La Ferté to let them catch up. The infantry was met on the slopes of Hill 311 by two battalions of the 119th German Infantry Regiment, while three tanks were lost, two to enemy fire. The counterattack failed to reach La Ferté. In the meantime, Chesnois was ordered to cease supporting fire for fear of hitting the French rescue force, allowing the Germans to move freely about the surface. After dark, the Germans opened artillery fire on Block 1, while at the same time blasting the Block 2 mixed arms turret into the air so that it landed askew in its opening. At 2300, a ground assault on Block 1 was launched. Two hours later, all of Block 1's cloches were out of action. Chesnois was directly ordered not to fire on La Ferté by the 6th ID artillery director, despite continuing assertions from observers that the Germans were on top of the position. Lieutenant Bourguignon repeatedly asked General Aymé, his commander at the 3rd Colonial Infantry Division, for permission to abandon the position. Aymé refused to grant it, saying "Your mission has not changed." The commander of Chesnois, Bourguignon's former commander who pleaded with the divisional staff to allow Bourguignon to evacuate, advised him that "A Maginot Line ouvrage is like a submarine. One doesn't leave a submarine: one sinks with it." Contact was lost with La Ferté overnight.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 By the morning of the 19th, resistance ceased. There was no response to repeated telephone calls from French headquarters. It became apparent that the interior of Block 2 was on fire. On the 20th, equipped with respirators, the Germans entered Block 2, encountering no one. The next day they were able to enter Block 1. Finding no resistance, the Germans moved on to other objectives. French patrols reached La Ferté on the 28th and 29th, reporting dense smoke within, but were unable to advance. On 2 June a German patrol made a full survey of the ouvrage, finding "the most difficult conditions imaginable," and discovering the corpses of the garrison in the underground gallery, apparently suffocated, most wearing gas masks. By 9 June the area was firmly under German control. The bodies of the garrison were recovered by a German disciplinary battalion and buried. Examination indicated that the garrison died of carbon monoxide poisoning. While the gas masks were effective against low concentrations of carbon monoxide, they could not cope with a concentration greater than 2%.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. 1940 The entire garrison was posthumously awarded the Ordre de l'Armée and Bourguignon was made a chevalier of the Legion d'Honneur. On the German side, Oberleutnant Alfred Germer, who led the assault on Block 2, was awarded the Knight's Cross. Belated Unteroffizier Walter Pape was also awarded the Knight's Cross for conquering Panzerwerk 505 and for his leading of a storm troop (Sturmtruppführer) against Verdun in June 1940.

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. Current condition La Ferté is preserved as it was in 1940, with the scars of shellfire visible on cloches and concrete. The site includes a military memorial facing the new road alignment. A small cemetery, established in 1960 opposite the memorial, is the burial site for the majority of the garrison. The ouvrage and surrounding casemates are recorded as French historic monuments. The interior is open to the public on stated days. There is a short documentary (in English) made in May 2019, which tours the fort inside and outside

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Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté. See also List of all works on Maginot Line Siegfried Line Atlantic Wall Czechoslovak border fortifications

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Pavel Tomilin

Pavel Tomilin. Pavel Petrovich Tomilin (; born 7 November 1985) is a former Russian professional football player.

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Pavel Tomilin

Pavel Tomilin. Club career He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Mordovia Saransk in 2004.

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Pavel Tomilin

Pavel Tomilin. 1985 births People from Saransk Living people Russian footballers Association football defenders FC Mordovia Saransk players FC Metallurg Lipetsk players FC Tambov players FC Dynamo Bryansk players

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