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### plant part \| fruit: Apple * ARE gravity. * All apples are fruits - require pollination * Every apple has a different taste, depending on the geographical location, where it is grown. * Many apples are grown in temperate parts of the United States and Canada. * Most Apples have a pronounced tummy and flat derriere which gives a top heavy appearance - apples are red, but then again some are green * Most apples come from apple trees * Most apples contain acid - apple seeds - fall from trees - grow in orchards * Most apples have appreciable ethylene in the cores - juice - soluble fiber - make snacks * Some apple juices, for instance, claim no vitamin or mineral content at all - varieties only bear well every second year, with light crops every other year - apples also have resistance * Some apples are fertilized by own pollen - great for eating, others are great for cooking or making candy apples - green so, since all green apples are sour, some apples are sour - so toxic that just one bite can deliver an unsafe dose of OPs to a child under five - soft and easy to press - very disease resistant and require few if any chemical sprays - do ripen early - grow from seeds * Some apples have a bland taste when dried - energy - potential energy * Some apples possess insects - worms * Some apples produce cedar trees - release gases * absorb odors easily, store in cartons with lids closed and away from strong-smelling foods. * already are the largest of Michigan's fruit and vegetable crops. * also are a good source of fiber, particularly when eaten with the peel - traditional remedy for rheumatism - can become infected, but without the gumming associated with the disease on stone fruit * also contain a high concentration of endocrine disrupters - chemicals that stabilize blood sugar in diabetics - flavonoids, substances that prevent heart disease and some types of cancer - important flavonoids - have a history of being used for healing, especically for getting rid of warts - pack high amounts of pectin and malice acid, which promote good digestion * always fall because the pull of gravity remains constant. * appear frequently, in pasties, krapfen , and so on - in many religious traditions , often as a mystical or forbidden fruit - to be a common theme within myth also, symbolic of spiritual nourishment * are Michigan's most broadly dispersed fruit. * are a fiber-friendly food - fine source of vitamin C - good detergent food for cleaning teeth * are a good source of fiber, especially soluble fiber - soluble fiber, which has been shown to reduce cholesterol levels * are a great example of fruits - member of the rose family * are a popular fruit all over the world - home-grown fruit that can be produced successfully in most areas of the state - source of dietary fiber, potassium, and other vitamins and minerals - versatile food and can be paired with meats, other fruits and more * are also alkaline foods - equally nutritious, especially with the skin on - rich in pectins, which are soluble fibers that help lower cholesterol levels - widely available, and they store well compared to many other fruits - among our most contaminated foods * are an excellent source of dietary fiber - insignificant source of vitamins * are another fruit with high visibility - natural anti-inflammatory as well as ginger root - apple-shaped - at a far greater health risk than pears - by far the most common fruit, eaten fresh or made into cakes, breads, pies, and fools - computers - edibles - everywhere - excellent sources of dietary fiber and are low in calories * are extremely nutritious, especially with the skin on - popular for their being delicious and nutritious - fantastic because they provide hydration in addition to carbohydrates and natural sugar - fat, sodium, and cholesterol free - fit for consumption after discarding the damaged parts - for women and children - fruit trees - full of fiber and other nutrients, and they're sweet and refreshing too - generally hardy and therefore it is safe to plant the young tree outside - generous in dietary fiber - genetic hybrids that produce new genetic combinations in their seedlings - good for cooking or eating raw * are high in fiber and refreshing - rich in the powerful flavonoid quercetin - important in Washington and New York, potatoes in Idaho and Maine - in early bloom stages across the state - intermediate and pears can survive on the more poorly drained soils * are located in apple trees - farmers markets - fridges - grocery stores - houses - refrigerators - shops - tables - near bananas * are low in calories, cholesterol free, and an excellent source of fiber * are more efficient than caffeine in keeping people awake in the mornings - versatile than other fruits * are one crop and oranges, another - of nature's most nutritious fruits * are one of the four most popular fruits - greatest herbs and blood purifiers known - healthiest foods a person can eat * are one of the most popular fruits in the world - popular, flavorful and healthful fruits grown in the world - part of apples - plentiful and always used in holiday celebrations - pomes - quite high in starch and sugars which can induce bloat * are red or green or yellow - green, oranges are orange * are rich in minerals like iron and phosphate - pectin, a fiber known to help keep the heart healthy - the phytochemicals, flavonoids, which act as an anti-cancer agent - susceptible to a number of diseases including apple scab, fire blight and powdery mildew - sweet to eat - tasty when cooked * are the best fruit source of quercetin - final fruit of the agricultural year in Franklin County - most heavily planted tree fruit in recent years * are the most widely adapted deciduous fruit grown in every western climate - used product in baby foods, followed by bananas and peaches * are the second most important of all fruits sold in the supermarket, ranking next to bananas - valuable fruit grown in the United States - tolerant of a broad range of soils, but consider clay loam the best * are used for bait traps - dessert - munchings - well known for giving off ethylene gas * are, in fact, the most widely grown fruit in North America. * become overripe in a few days when held in high temperatures. * belong to the family of fruits that have seeds, which are located in the core of the apple - fruit group of the food pyramid * can act as a toothbrush - attract bluebirds, cardinals, catbirds, flickers, woodpeckers, and several other birds - be many colors, from red to yellow to green, and combinations of the three - have a number one or a number two grade - suffer many insect and disease problems * clean the digestive system. * combine well with all fruits, especially berries. * come because the life of the apple is in the tree. * come in all shades of red, green and yellow - reds, yellows, and greens - different colors from shades of red to yellow or green * contain a lot of fibers - mix of fibers - as much fiber as a whole bowl of most popular cereals - dietary fibre in their skins and core - few calories for their size - important vitamins and minerals - insoluble fiber, which provides bulk in the intestinal tract - malic acid which works as a mild astringent * contain many vitamins, minerals, and nutrients and promote good health - no fat, sodium or cholesterol - numerous vitamins, minerals, and nutrients that are enormously beneficial - several essential vitamins - stone solvents and neutralize acids due to gout - vitamin C and flavonoids - zero fat per serving * contribute to a healthful, balanced diet. * emit ethylene, a naturally occuring gas that speeds ripening. * fall from trees due to gravity * generate ethylene gas in storage. * grow in Missouri - Utah * grow on apple trees, oranges on orange trees - spurs that appear on trees that have been growing for three to five years - trees, oranges grow on trees - to size in the good old summer time * have a natural tendency to reinvent themselves - thin skin, oranges have a thicker one - an odor, a taste, a feel, and a color - big, slimy, green worms that cause the widest case of gout known to man - five seed pockets or carpels - malic acid, which dissolves cholesterol * have many diseases and insect pests - persistent pests - no fat, cholesterol, or sodium - peels - several periods when fruit drop occurs - stems * have the highest concentration of flavonoids of any fruit - value of production of Michigan fruits - to be grafted onto other apples, pears to pears * help reduce cholesterol, promote healthy lungs, and even fight gum disease. * includes peels * is edible fruit * lose crispness and quality quickly at room temperature. * make delicious snacks - tasty snacks - up almost half of all fruit tree crops in the temperate climates * often turn brown when cut and can lose their fresh appeal. * only fall down once a year. * pick up off-flavors easily, and cause vegetables to lose quality. * predominate, however, peaches, cherries and grapes are important fruit crops too. * prefer warm days and cool nights. * produce a lot of ethylene gas as they ripen - ethylene gas that ripens fruit * range in color from lemony yellow to bright yellow-green to crimson red. * reach maturity at different times, depending on variety and climate. * reduce blood cholesterol levels. * remain fresh two weeks after maturation. * require cross-pollination to set a good crop consistently * rot in fast motion, overcome by scurrying maggots. * stay fresh for several months if stored at cool temperatures. * stem grooving virus. * take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide as starches in the flesh change to sugar. * taste good when they're on a tree. + Apple, In North America: Rosaceae	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| apple: Cider apple * are usually too tart to eat immediately. * contain high levels of tannins and significant amounts of malic acid. + Apple, Apple cultivars: Rosaceae * However, some are grown simply for cooking or making cider. Cider apples are usually too tart to eat immediately. However, they give cider a rich flavor that dessert apples cannot. Crab apple * Some crab apples are alternate bearers, blooming heavily only every other year - used as rootstocks for domestic apples to stand up to cold or drought * is an apple<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| apple: Crabapple * Most crabapples exhibit some degree of bienniality in flowering - flower a few years after planting * Some crabapples bloom heavily only every other year. * also make good sources of pollen. * are extremely variable in size and growth habit - popular spring-flowering trees that also produce fruit - too sour to eat raw but make excellent jams and jellies - used primarily for their ornamental value - very susceptible to apple scab * can act as a source for scab infection and fruit insects. * come in various sizes and shapes. * is an apple * usually are good pollenizers for eating apples - survive it without much damage * vary enormously in growth habit, just as do regular cultivars. Fresh apple * are low in calories and virtually without fat. * provide flavor, taste and vitamins. Green apple * are also higher in malic acid, which has anti-fungal properties - usually tart * help soften the stones more than red. * persist in a clean, long finish. * tend to reduce migraine headaches. Modern apple * are usually sweeter than older cultivars. * Modern apples are usually sweeter than older cultivars. This is because popular tastes in apples have become different. Most North Americans and Europeans enjoy sweet apples. Organic apple * can be cheaper, tastier and better for the environment. * have a beauty that goes down to the core. Tart apple * Most tart apples make snacks. * make delicious snacks Baobab fruit * Most baobab fruit falls from trees. * contains many nutrients - valuable nutrients Blue fruit * develop on female plants, ripening in fall. * form in clusters in fall and remain through winter.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Cactus fruit * Some cactus fruit attracts birds - falls on the ground, where members of other species consume the fruit * Some cactus fruits are brightly coloured and good to eat * Many cacti live in dry places, such as deserts. There are many shapes and sizes of cacti. Many cactus flowers are big and beautiful. Some cactus flowers bloom at night and are pollinated by moths and bats. Some cactus fruits are brightly coloured and good to eat. Goats, birds, ants, mice, bats and people eat cactus fruits * are berries and are usually edible - seed-filled berries * is eaten when available. Canned fruit * are lower in vitamins, nutrients and antioxidants. * is located in jars - pantries * tends to have too much processed sugar.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Cereal grain * Every cereal grain is actually the seed of a type of giant grass. * Most cereal grains are deficient in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. * are a rather poor source of riboflavin. * are an excellent source of complex carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and fiber - important part of our food supply - another type of ingredient used in birdseed compositions - naturally low-fat as well as inexpensive - the most important food in the world * can cause celiac disease. * contain a substantial amount of starch, a carbohydrate that provides dietary energy. * grow vigorously and can provide quick ground cover even when the weather is cool. * is fruit - solid food * provide more than one half of the total calories consumed by man - the primary energy source for swine diets * seem to have a simultaneous influence on vitamin D and Ca metabolism.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| cereal grain: Corn kernel * are cereal grain - cereals - small things, too, which is why they get popped by small waves * contain liquid water and starch within a solid kernel wall. * continue to accumulate seed weight until physiological maturity is reached. * do have a nucleus, or heart, from which the seeds germinate. * have different colors because of genes that control color. * turn dark blue-black when mature. Grain of rice * Every grain of rice absorbs water and becomes plump. * is cereal grain<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Cherry * Cherries add ruby-red color and tangy flavor to food products. * Cherries also add a unique taste to spicy foods, such as salsas and chutneys - ruby-red color to gelatin salads or mixed fruit combinations - grow on the leaves, and currants usually grow on the catkins - make a great sauce for ham or pork * Cherries are a festive fruit to use at holiday time, too - fragile fruit with a rather short life span - marginal source of vitamin C, but have little other nutritional value - powerful source of compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties - rich source of flavonoids - very low calorie fruit and rich source of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals * Cherries are also beneficial in preventing heart disease - excellent fresh but are most commonly served in pastries, desserts, and candies * Cherries are an excellent source of compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties - insignificant source of other vitamins * Cherries are at pit hardening - swollen bud - best if consumed within one year and are safe as long as lids remain vacuum sealed - candy, the bon bons of summer produce - drupes - edible fruit - excellent in combination with chocolate - fruit trees - important plants in that they support a variety of wildlife - located in jars - low in fat, and have a high-water content - part of cherries - perhaps more susceptible to the whim of mother nature than other crops - pigment rich fruits - pitted before they are used and then dehydrated - prone to bacterial canker - stone fruit - the most antioxidant-rich fruit on earth - wood - can add color, flavor and inviting aromas to otherwise ordinary dishes - contain allopurinal, which drug often used to treat gout - deepen in color, swell and soften, and their sugar content increases rapidly - enhance meats and combine well with pastas, cereals, breads, juice and dairy products - fall where texts fail - form from flowers at leaf nodes - have the tendency to turn dark blue in muffins - help eliminate acid in the body and ease knuckle bumps * Cherries includes peels - sections - turn from pink in acid to gray in base - usually go under when baked * Most cherries begin to bear the third or fourth year after planting. * is wood ### plant part \| fruit \| cherry: Black cherry * Black cherries are wild cherries. * appears to be another good indicator of ozone. * can remain dormant for three or more years. * deciduous tree with a dense oval crown and pendulous branches. * is intolerant of flooding. * is one of the commonest early-succession trees - most valued cabinet and furniture woods in North America - second only to black walnut in value as a fine hardwood species * tolerates a wide range of soil drainage. Sour cherry * Most sour cherries go into cherry syrups, pies, and preserves. * Sour Cherries have a wonderful flavor when cooked. * Sour cherries are cherries * Sour cherries are more cold tolerant than sweet - globular and soft than sweet cherries and are best used for dessert making - likely to produce a crop - self-fertile, and require no pollinizers - contain more vitamin A than sweet cherries	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| cherry: Sweet cherry * Most sweet cherries are infertile with their own pollen and often with certain other varieties also. * Sweet Cherries are in full bloom in the southwest - very tall growers and are inclined to develop weak crotches - tend to form whorls of branches * Sweet cherries are also commercially canned and frozen - in late petal fall - larger than sour cherries - more difficult to produce than tart - part of sweet cherries - susceptible to brown rot at all times - the most popular of the edible cherries - become firm when ripe, and sour cherries part easily from the stem - fruit chiefly on the spurs formed freely on the older wood - grow in the mountain states where winters are less brutal - have a dark red, burgundy color - tend to crack as harvest nears if excessive rainfall occurs Chokecherry * Chokecherries are cherries - edible and, although somewhat astringent, are relatively sweet when fully ripe - part of chokecherries - grow in a wide variety of soil types and climatic conditions * is fruit Citrus fruit * Most citrus fruit contains chemicals. * Some citrus fruit has acidity levels. * Some citrus fruit has high acidity levels * are excellent sources of vitamin C, as are green leafy vegetables and tomatoes. * includes orange. * is all acid fruit - edible fruit - one of the most important families of fruit * provides benefits - health benefits * provides many benefits Coconut fruit * belongs to the sweep group. * can float thousands of miles in the ocean to spread seeds. Different fruit * contain different amounts of sugar. * contains different nutrients, so it is wise to consume a wide variety of fruits. Drupe * are consumed by birds, which can disperse the viable seeds - different from berries - very attractive, but are largely hidden by the foliage until the leaves drop * have a hard seed pod surrounded by a mass of softer tissue - multiple seeds and fused carpels - one seed enclosed in a hard case surrounded by flesh Dry fruit * Most dry fruit contains seeds - is produced by plants * Some dry fruit develops from carpels - simple carpels - has wings * are characteristic of seeds dispersed by the wind and other natural agents or animals. * releases seeds. * surrounds seeds. Eat fruit * has benefits * has significant benefits Edible fruit * Most edible fruit contains seeds. * Some edible fruit grows in areas. * attracts squirrels. * develops when multiple varieties are present. * has sweet taste - one of the biggest adaptations of flowering plants - solid food - valued by wildlife * reward and encourage animal dispersal. ### plant part \| fruit \| edible fruit: Clingstone * is edible fruit * ripen earlier in the season. Durian * are covered in sharp spines and have a pungent smell - different in different regions - edible fruit - fruit trees - part of durians * do best on deep, loamy, well-drained soils, high in organic matter. * grow in Southeast Asia and are considered a favorite fruit of orangutans.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| edible fruit: Elderberry * All elderberries are members of the honeysuckle family. * Elderberries also boost the body's immune system - are a medically proven anti-viral, and have been used for centuries in folk medicine * Elderberries are also high in iron - in foods like jams and pies - valuable as an alterative remedy in rheumatic conditions - drought and cold tolerant - drupes * Elderberries are edible fruit - when cooked - hardy, native shrubs that have great ornamental and fruiting value - highly prized for food by modern Indian people - safe for all ages - upright, spreading shrubs that grow six to twelve feet high - contain natural substances called flavonoids * Elderberries have few pests, and natural predators often control outbreaks - large leaves that grow in pairs along the stem - increase perspiration, allowing toxins to be expelled through the skin - make a purple to lavender dye * is edible fruit - stone fruit * works by inducing sweating and stimulating circulation. ### plant part \| fruit \| edible fruit \| elderberry: Red elderberry * begins vegetative growth early in the growing season. * bioindicator of ozone pollution. * can be an indicator species for site productivity. * is moderately flood tolerant. * replaces red alder successionally on some sites. Kiwi fruit * Most kiwi fruit is part of kiwi. * are ripe when just slightly soft to touch. * contains natural AHAs and anti-inflammatory properties. * displays chlorophyll fluorescence. * has benefits - health benefits * has significant benefits * helps in passing on the important vitamins which a pregnant woman takes onto the child. Lychee * are a small fruit with a brittle skin that peels without any problems - eye-catching in spring when the huge sprays of flowers adorn the tree - plants * grow well in South Florida.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| edible fruit: Nectarine * are a bit more likely to be affected by diseases such as brown rot and bacterial spot - natural substitute for peaches - fruit trees - part of nectarines - ripe to pick when they come off the branches with just a gentle twist - similar in requirements and habits - usually smaller and have a distinctive sub-acid flavor * have a smooth, plum-like peel. * make poor-quality preserved products. * provide a balance to nutty, full-flavored cheeses. * require well drained soil and even moisture. * resemble peaches, but they're sweeter and more nutritious. Passion fruit * are cultivated mainly in the Caribbean and in Florida. * grows wild as a flimsy vine with a colorful flower and an egg-shaped fruit. - one of the primary ingredients in many commercial tropical punch beverages - part of passionflowers - sweet and aromatic<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| edible fruit: Prickly pear * Most prickly pears have fleshy leaves - vestigial leaves * Some prickly pears have pads. * are cactuses - fruit that is left on the prickly pear cactus plant after the cactus has bloomed - many-branched - part of prickly pears * can store water in a modified stem. * grow in semiarid and arid western North America - quickly and in abundance but are short lived, surviving twenty years * grows in dry soil, sandy grasslands and among rocks. * has fleshy, flattened pads covered with clusters of fine sharp spikes - many small, barbed hooks that are painful and difficult to remove - many flat pads - high in calcium, and is eaten by all of our tortoises - the common term for many large, similar-looking cactus species with succulent stems Stone fruit * All stone fruits are very susceptible to brown rot - become increasingly susceptible to brown rot as they ripen * Most stone fruits are relatively short-lived. * are particularly susceptible, especially mazzard rootstocks - sensitive to copper * have a hard covering over the embryo.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| edible fruit: Tangelo * are a cross between a Duncan grapefruit and a Dancy tangerine - pomelo and the mandarin orange - zingy-tasting hybrid cross of tangerines and grapefruit - citruses - hybrids of mandarins and grapefruit - part of tangelos - the result of hybridization between mandarins and grapefruits * have a less bitter taste than grapefruit - very juicy tart-sweet flavor and deep orange coloring - thin peels and a delicious flavor<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Feijoa fruit * have a distinctive smell. + Feijoa, Description of fruit and plant: Myrtaceae :: Trees :: Fruits ‎ * The fruit matures in autumn and is green, and about the size and shape of an egg. It has a sweet, aromatic flavour. The flesh is juicy. The fruit drops when ripe, but can be picked from the tree before to prevent bruising. Feijoa fruit have a distinctive smell. The chemical methyl benzoate smells strongly of feijoas and the aroma of the fruit is caused mostly by this and other closely related chemicals. Fleshy fruit * Many fleshy fruits are eaten by animals and human beings and the seeds are thrown away. * Most fleshy fruit contains seeds. * grow and thicken in response to hormonal growth signals emitted by fertilized seeds. * surrounds seeds.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Fresh fruit * Most fresh fruit contains carbohydrates - fiber - water - helps balance diets * Some fresh fruit reduces hunger. * are cheapest when they're in season. * are generally high in fiber , vitamin C , and water - tastier than cooked fruits - higher in fiber than frozen or canned - preferable to frozen, since the freezing process can destroy some of the nutrients * contain more nutrition than canned or frozen fruits. - fiber and nutrients and vitamins that are lost in the juicing process * is located in containers - markets - used as garnish for meats and drinks * offers birds many nutritional benefits. * provides vitamins. * very rich source of potassium. Frozen fruit * falls apart when thawed. * give a smoother, creamier texture. * gives a thick, slushy consistency without watering down the flavor as ice does. * is located in freezers. * tend to collapse when thawed, which makes accurate measurements difficult. Good fruit * includes bananas. * is the result of sound living living according to moral truth and upright character. Immature fruit * Most immature fruit has skin. * lacks sugar and is more susceptible to breakdown and pitting. * resemble tiny watermelons with green and white mottled coloration. * spoils quickly and never develops full flavor. Individual fruit * can vary widely in solids. + Big Max: Cucurbitaceae * However, because they are so big, cooking with these squash is hard. They are said to not be as flavorful as smaller pumpkin varieties. The variety was , or created, for its large size. They have been grown as big as 300 pounds. Individual fruits are round to slightly flattened. Infected fruit * can have a slight phenolic odor. * decay rapidly, becoming soft and watery. * dry, remain attached to the plant and become mummified. * have black, circular, sunken cankers of different sizes - small, dark, raised scabby areas on the fruit surface * show chlorotic spots or rings - irregular, swollen, colored areas on their surfaces * shrink until they are dried mummies. * turn gray and rot. * yellow prematurely and unevenly in the fruit column. Infested fruit * develop a reddish purple ring surrounding each spot where a scale settles. * has a tendency to drop prematurely. * tends to ripen a few days earlier than uninfested fruit.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit: Juniper berry * Juniper berries are a good diuretic as well and they strengthen the nervous system - common in gray fox, ringtail and raccoon scats - part of juniper - probably best known for their worldwide use as the flavouring for gin - rich in vitamin C, volatile oils and other nutrients - the source of the flavour of gin - very good for little birds - cause the kidneys to produce more urine - have a fragrant, spicy aroma and a slightly bittersweet flavour * is fruit Mature fruit * Most mature fruit contains seeds. * are used as animal fodder. Noni fruit * has the highest concentration of pro-xeronine of any source currently known. * is either sun-dried or freeze dried, ground into a powder and encapsulated.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Olive * All olives are green to start with and turn black when fully ripe. * Most olive ridleys nest in large, synchronized aggregations known as arribadas - olives are, however, grown on their own roots * also eat marine worms. * are a brain and nerve food and the oil serves to dilate the bladder - finger food - also an excellent source of sodium - colour - drupes - easy to digest if well chewed - edible fruit - great, low glycemic index - harvested during the winter - it's rainy during that part of the year * are harvested in the autumn and winter - green to purple stage - high in fat * are located in jars - pizzas - refrigerators - mentioned as a source of good fat - olive trees * are one of the most extensively cultivated fruit crops in the world - seven native fruits with which the land of Israel is blessed * are part of martinis - plants - propagated by various methods - ripe when color turn dark * are very popular, especially in the Mediterranean area - shallow-rooted trees - versatile and can be used for snacks, sidedishes, ingredients, or appetizers - wood * breaks down cholesterol, aids the skin, pores and joints. * grow very slowly, and over many years the trunk can attain a considerable diameter. - major crop in Albania, a source of food and oil - originally from Jamaica * live for hundreds of years, and survive drought, heat, and poor soil. * mites feed on succulent stem and bud tissues and on the upper surface of leaves. * represent important protein membrane structures identified as permeases. * ridleys munch on crabs, shrimp, rock lobsters and jellyfish. * ripen through the autumn and into the winter. * varieties number in the dozens and vary in size and flavor. ### plant part \| fruit \| olive: Black olive * are green olives that have been left to ripen on the tree * go straight into a brine solution, which promotes a lactic-acid fermentation. * is an olive Green olive * are olives. * are the most popular for home food preserver - unripe green fruit of the olive tree - young fruit picked at the first stage of maturity before they begin ripening Russian olive * can become a weed if planted on sites with moderate to good growing conditions. * has thick foliage, many branches, and cover close to the ground. * provides excellent cover and protection for partridge, pheasant and sharp-tail grouse. * shrub or small tree that native of Eurasia. * widely adapted intermediate shrub.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit: Peach * Many peaches fall to the ground and the extra weight can stress or break limbs. * Most peaches grown in the United States have yellow flesh. * Move pot-grown peaches and nectarines under cover for winter. * also work as a substitute for mangos. * appears on trees. * are a good source of vitamin C, potassium and dietary fiber - symbol of long life * are also a low-calorie source of antioxidant vitamins - at petal fall and brown rot risk is currently high - around most of the summer as the different varieties come into season - best with their skins removed - difficult to grow without a complete spray program, for both insects and diseases - favorites in a variety of baked goods - highly vulnerable to a fungus called brown rot - one of the few really seasonal fruits left - prevalent in Chinese poetry and myth * are ready to be eaten when slightly soft to the touch - eat when they give to gentle palm pressure * are ripe when slightly soft to the touch - the next fruit crop to ripen - vigorous growers * bear in three to four years. * continue to ripen. * deteriorate rapidly when stored for longer periods. * develop their leaf and fruit buds in the summer for the coming year. * fruit tree * grow best in an open, sunny area. * has a docked tail, and both ears and eyes are orange - pits * have a tendency to grow fruiting wood upward and outward from the main trunk - some frost damage * includes peels - sections * is an orange-peach color - canneds * is part of orchards - stone fruit * leaves showing leaf deformity and chlorosis associated with veins. * loves to eat dry food made especially for hampsters. * open blooms quite early, certainly much earlier than apples and plums. * range from full bloom to blossom drop. * require a lighter soil than pears or plums - second variety to act as a pollinator * stop ripening once they are picked. * survive being canned much better than most fruits. * symbolize fecundity and immortality.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit: Pear * All pears are cross pollinated - high in fiber and low in sodium - have a common ancestry from western China * Cut in half and core. * Most pears are ready to eat when they yield slightly to pressure next to the stem. * Most pears contain food * Most pears have fleshy leaves - vestigial leaves - yellow skin * Some pears grow on hawthorns - have pads - require pollinators * also make good salads. * are a farmer's dream come true - good source of natural fiber - light dessert - unique crop with unique pest management requirements * are an excellent source of potassium - insignificant source of other vitamins - best if consumed within a year and safe as long as lids remain vacuum sealed - cousins of apples - edible fruit - fruit trees - green - located in cans * are one of the few fruits that ripen more successfully off the tree - unique kinds of fruits that ripen best off of the tree - oriented stem-down into six feed cups - original from Europe and Asia - part of pears - plants - pomes - pretty tolerant about soil types, but a sandy loam that drains well is ideal - ready for picking when they change from deep green to pale green * are ready to eat when they are yellow but still firm - harvest when their skin feels waxy and the fruit separate easily from the tree - relatively easy to grow if varieties are carefully chosen * are ripe if they yield to slight pressure by a fingertip - when they take on a yellow hue and yield to gentle pressure at the stem end * are ripe when they yield to gentle pressure at the stem end - gentle thumb pressure at the neck - solids - sort of pear-shaped, and watermelons are the size of watermelons - the queen of fall fruits - very popular, but they are beginning to be over planted * come in different shapes, sizes and colors. * contain a mix of fibers * contain no saturated fats * do best under medium or low fertility. * especially are dependent on adequate irrigation. * give off ethylene gas which accumulates in the bag and promotes ripening. * grow best in arid climates with well-drained, irrigated soils - quickly here and require little or no fertilization * have a core surrounded by yummy flesh, meaning pears are pomes - strong tendency to grow straight up and produce weak scaffolds - about twice the fiber as apples and are every bit as appealing - an excellent crop potential - been picked at many locations, size depends upon thinning and irrigation - no sodium - wider hips and thighs than shoulders and bust * help most when mixed with or juiced with apples. * is edible fruit * lose moisture rapidly. * require a moist but well drained soil, avoid poor sandy soils - five hives per hectare * respond to nurture much earlier than most apple varieties. * tend to be too hard. + Fruit, Types of fruits, Hesperidium: ### plant part \| fruit \| pear: Anjou * are pears. * region of slate quarries.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| pear: Asian pear * are best when tree ripened - often hand-thinned twice during the early growing season - relatively new to Arkansas * are relatively new to Texas and adaptation is still undetermined - their adaptation is still undetermined - susceptible to fire blight - typically very crisp, very juicy, very sweet, and very low acid - very crisp and juicy * have a distinct but pearlike taste and a crisp texture, much like a good apple - wonderful sweet taste and a crisp texture * make up a unique group, really quite unlike either apples or European pears. * produces a sweet, tart juice. Bartlett * are a very healthy fruit to eat. * hold their shape well for poaching or baking.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| pear: Bosc pear * are a winter pear with long necks and are covered with a brown russeting - also at their flavorful peak - golden brown - ripe when they turn from a brownish green to a light golden color - very good for baking, cooking, or eating fresh * take a longer time to cook. Fresh pear * Most fresh pears contain potassium. * are a popular and profitable fruit, with consumption increasing worldwide.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Plum * Many plums are symptomless carriers. * Most plums fall from trees. * Most plums grow on ancient trees * Some plums sucker readily and are thus useful in hedgerows. * appear variable as the small and larger plums start to separate out. * are a crop in decline in Michigan - abundant in late summer, and they work brilliantly in galettes - an excellent source of vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and fiber - drupes - edible fruit - free of sodium and cholesterol - fruit trees - located in stores - much like a berry in terms of sweetness - now the second most cultivated fruit in the world, second only to apples - part of plums - positions - relatives of the peach, nectarine and almond and prunes are dried plums - stone fruit - tricky, and often fall from the tree just before they are ripe * become prunes. * come in a variety of colors including purple, black, green, orange and yellow - wide variety of colors and sizes * generally bloom and fruit in three to five years. * have similar storage characteristics and problems as peaches, cherries, and apricots. * includes peels - sections * make exceptional crumbles, cobblers, puddings, pies, tarts and cake. * prefecture flower and the emblem stands for harmony and progress of people. * prefer a sheltered site out of the wind to insure that flowers are pollinated successfully. * refer also to local sort of plums. * sprout freely from the roots and can spread into unwanted areas. * tend to ooze sap more than some other species. + Plum, Cultivation * Plums come in a wide variety of colors and sizes. Some are much firmer-fleshed than others, and some have yellow, white, green or red flesh, with equally varying skin color. ### plant part \| fruit \| plum: American plum * is native to eastern and midwestern North America, extending locally in the west. * native, deciduous, sometimes thicket-forming, erect shrub or small tree. Damson * are blue-black fruit which look like a small plum - plants - small, have a tart flavor and are used mainly for processing * ripen a little later than most plums. Japanese plum * are larger than European plums and it stronger race - vigourous growers and fruit best on young wood * prefer lighter loamy soils. Pome * are both accessory fruits and simple fruits * contain many pits, and are represented by apples, quince and pears. * have several seeds enclosed in a core surrounded by flesh. * is fruit Pumpkin fruit * Some pumpkin fruit consists of water. * continue to size and color. Red fruit * Most red fruit appears on plants. * Some red fruit contains nuts - stays on trees * are great for shy eaters as reptiles are naturally attracted to the color red - turtles are naturally attracted to the color red * contain poisonous seeds and are attractive to children. * is eaten by birds. * persists into winter providing food for birds. Ripe fruit * come off mother plant and fall naturally. * has aroma - deep yellow skin - tropical aroma	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit: Seed * All seed are dispersed by wind, birds, and animals - eating birds require grit to help digest their food and to provide minerals * All seeds contain a tiny bit of water whose job is to keep cells alive until sprouting - new plants, called embryos - phytates in their outer seed coats - some amount of fat, and cocoa beans are no different * Every seed contains a plant embryo - has a shell and a heart * Every seed is awakened and so is all animal life - as is all animal life * Many seed have minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures at which they germinate - some type of dormancy mechanism * Many seeds contain quite large quantities of oils - well developed embryos - decay during long periods of flooded conditions - go through a period of internal dormancy right after the fruit falls from the tree * Many seeds require light to germinate - that the soil be above a certain temperature - survive ingestion by animals, including sheep and rabbits - travel easily on the wind because they are small and light, or have a flattened shape * Most seed is spread in contaminated seed, soil, and hay by man, livestock and machinery - placed fertilizer can reduce or delay germination, or retard growth of crops * Most seeds absorb water - are heat-tolerant * Most seeds are produced by bull thistle plants - dwarf mistletoe plants - small and easy to store, and can survive in a desiccated state for many years - attract birds - become trees - begin to germinate once they land on fertile soil - benefit from drying with silica gel if they are to be stored for very long * Most seeds come from bloom plants - fruits , and the seeds are released from the fruit * Most seeds consist of fleshy outer layers * Most seeds contain a built-in food supply called the endosperm - b vitamins - carbohydrates - compounds - enzymes - fibre - fungi - many nutrients - matter * Most seeds develop during stages - from flowers * Most seeds develop into male sterile plants - drop near the plant and only the seedless plumes are dispersed by the wind - emerge in springs - end up falling near the parent plants - expose to sunlight * Most seeds fall from plants - in autumn - near the parent plant and can remain viable for as long as ten years - generally germinate in the early summer soon after dispersal * Most seeds germinate after the first fall rains - better when the soil is warm * Most seeds germinate in anything that holds soil and drains well - environments - fields - grain fields - late summer or early fall - locations - months - spring when conditions become favorable - weeks - quicker during warm conditions - underground where there is no sunlight * Most seeds grow grass plants - healthy plants * Most seeds grow in areas - commercial orchards - common areas - places - same places - seed orchards * Most seeds grow into bushes - holly bushes - seedlings - shoots * Most seeds have a greater risk of freezing damage as their water content increases - high concentration of gibberellins in the embryo - an outer cover, or seed coat , which protects and nourishes the embryo - antibacterial properties - aromatic flavor * Most seeds have black coats - buoyant coats - endosperm layers - endosperms - enough nutrient in their seed to last a week or two * Most seeds have fleshy coats - shells * Most seeds have hard coats - husks - kernels - low germination * Most seeds have outer coats - pest resistance - proteins * Most seeds have seed coats - shelf life - short shelf life * Most seeds have soft coats - sticky coats * Most seeds have thick coats - hulls * Most seeds help diets - keep for a year or more in a cool dry place - like to germinate in a moist environment * Most seeds make flavor - up diets * Most seeds produce entire plants - leaves - same plants - substances - weed plants * Most seeds promote crop growth * Most seeds promote vigorous crop growth * Most seeds provide food sources - important food sources - necessary nutrients - valuable food sources * Most seeds remain dormant until they are in a warm environment where they can soak up water - under the parent plant and are gradually covered by duff * Most seeds require growth - moisture - warmth, oxygen and water to germinate - shed in autumn, but small amounts fall throughout the winter and into spring - sink in water - take roots - undergo mitosis * Some seed are waterproof and have the ability to float on water - can fall on rocky ground with only a little soil * Some seed falls from the plant when fruit first ripens in the fall - on rocky places and is scorched by the sun because it has no roots - has a double dormancy, which normally combined seed coat and embryo dormancy * Some seed is dispersed by small mammals - treated for fungicide, which works to keep the seeds from rotting - survives ingestion by birds and mammals * Some seeds absorb enough moisture to germinate, while other seeds are too dry - sufficient light * Some seeds are also good sources of calcium - borne by winged fruits that are carried considerable distances by air currents - capable of growing even after many years if they are kept cool and dry * Some seeds are dispersed and pushed into the ground by the hooves of large mammals - when an animal eats the surrounding fruit - dropped while the animal is eating the fruit - eaten also, and that becomes the bulk of their food in the winter * Some seeds are eaten by animals - birds and animals along with fruits - coyotes - enveloped by sporophyte tissues upon maturation - fertilized by pollen - in fruits which are adapted to fly on the wind - poisonous to humans, such as the peach stone, which contains cyanide * Some seeds are produced by cycads - gymnosperms - huckleberries - red huckleberries - unable to germinate immediately because of their physiological makeup - attract ants - bear fruit * Some seeds become diets * Some seeds can break dormancy by scarification which involves artificially cracking the seed coat - carry disease - fly, including sycamore and dandelions - germinate after up to two weeks inside digestive systems - remain dormant for up to two years - survive for hundreds of years if they are kept dry and cool * Some seeds cause neurological damage - tract irritation * Some seeds cause urinary irritation - come in a petteted form because of their size * Some seeds contain acid - amino acid - chemicals - dietary fiber - diploid embryos - dormant embryos - embryonic leaves * Some seeds contain essential amino acid - fatty acid - genetic materials - liquid wax - multicellular plants - oil seeds - phosphorus - plant embryos - rich oil - volatile oil * Some seeds develop in protective structures - die of natural attrition or sprout only to be killed by an herbicide - disperse to greater distances with water, soil movement, animals, and human activities - drop from trees - fall off trees * Some seeds fall on forest floors - organic surfaces - float on surfaces * Some seeds germinate best after several years of dry storage - better at lower temperatures - extreme heat - faster after passing through a tapir gut - first years - immediately after falling from the tree - in the presence of the inhibitor - severity fire * Some seeds grow beans * Some seeds grow into berries - blossoms - fig trees - mature sporophytes - wheat - on leaves * Some seeds have a very tough outer layer or seed coat - an outer layer called a seed coat, which provides protection and food for the seed - calcium minerals - dispersal mechanisms - dormancy mechanisms - hooks or are sticky- they attach to animal fur and are deposited elsewhere - impermeable seed coats sometimes called hard seed - physiological dormancy - specific light or dark requirements for germination - the ability to remain dormant and germinate when favorable conditions arise - lose moisture - plant themselves like wild oats drill themselves into the ground once watered * Some seeds produce acacias - mango trees - seed cotyledons - weeds - protect ovules - reduce inflammation * Some seeds remain dormant in the soil for decades and sprout after a moderate fire - viable after years of storage, but others germinate best when sown immediately - require darkness to germinate * Some seeds require light for germination, which is controlled by the phytochrome system * Some seeds require light to germinate while others prefer total darkness - germinate, while others require darkness - stratification or scarification if planted in the spring or summer - that they be eaten by animals to soften the seed coat and permit germination - stay on trees - survive fire - survive, drop to the ground, and eventually produce new plants - take years to germinate - travel half a mile from the parent tree in only a light wind * absorb water primarily through the micropyle * add a sweet, delicate flavor to soups and stews. * allow embryos to remain dormant during unfavorable conditions - gymnosperms to delay germination until favorable conditions exist * also allow many plants to survive harsh conditions - are part of the watermelon fruit - cling to hair and clothing - come in all sizes and shapes - contain oil ducts and canals - disperse with wind - provide most cooking oils, many beverages and spices and some important food additives * are a biological product - favorite food of birds, rodents, and some insects - good source of essential minerals and beneficial oils - plant's version of eggs and babies - very imbalance diet that lessens the quality and longevity of a bird's life - about the shape and size of brown beans * are also an important food source for wildlife and insects during the winter months - rich in foods and are among the most important of the storage organs - the breath of life - traditional symbols of new life and harvest during the new spring - another way plants reproduce - backup strategies that can lie dormant in the soil for a long time - capable of sprouts - complex, living organisms that play a very important role in agriculture - considered organisms - consumed by birds and small mammals - deposited by plants into the forest floor - disbursed by humans, animals, birds, and vines of the fruit * are dispersed by a number of vertebrates, mainly by birds and small mammals - ants, wind and water - blow wind - gravity and by animals and require cold stratification to germinate * are dispersed by wind, birds, farm animals, small rodents, clothes and tires - or human activity - in various ways by animals, the wind, water and explosive force * are disseminated by birds that eat or transport berries and deposit the seeds on host plants - during the fall, primarily by birds and mammals - dormant plant embryos * are easy to germinate and produce plants that flower in three years - plant, bloom almost immediately, and can reseed themselves - eaten by several types of gamebirds, songbirds and by small mammals - edible raw or roasted * are edible when ground and used as flour - roasted and are considered a delicacy in Asia - whole or ground into meal - embryonic plants * are for different plant types and for each plant type, there are many varieties - everyone to eat * are formed from carpels - only when male plants furnish pollen - when a female plant produces a flower and is pollinated by the cone of a male - found in a great variety of types - hard coated and can survive ingestion by birds and other animals - harvested in large quantities, but the ants are active predators as well * are high in fat and are great for birds and wintering animals - important for wintering animals - low in nutrition - protein and minerals, and are eaten raw, toasted, or pressed to make oil - less likely to survive and fewer plants are found in areas with wild boars - little more than protective coatings for tiny plant embryos * are located in fruit - pods - more precious than gold - objects - of lesser importance for reproduction - palatable to a wide variety of small birds and mammals - mitosis, while spores are produced by meiosis - rich in carbohydrates, oils and proteins - scattered by birds, wind, and rain - sexual reproduction - sought by many species of wild birds * are spread by birds, which is how seedlings can appear with no mature plants nearby - mammals and birds - structures, which contains an embryo that helps in storing food - sweet and spicy and used primarily in baking * are the beginning of all food from plants and are essential for animal production - stages of the life cycle - containers of the biological information to create a new plant - foundation of agriculture - mature, fertilized ovules or eggs - most commonly used means of growing new plants - primary way that trees reproduce and their seeds vary greatly in size and shape - products of successful reproduction - result of sexual propagation - source of agricultural enterprise - specialized parts of the plants that results to a new plant - vehicle of life on earth - their own energy source, a plant in embryo form - toxic to humans - unusual in that they lack any protective coat or stored food reserves - used as a thickener for soups, and leaves are eaten as a vegetable or in soups * are very high in fat and protein, but low in nutrition - susceptible to greenhouse pathogens and have limited germination ability - what a plant uses to spread new plants into new places * arrive on the wind and in animal droppings, and insects arrive on wind currents. * attaches to the fur, hides, or feathers of animals, which serve as dispersal agents. - finches - robins - sparrows * bearing plants like evergreens and some flower bearing plants are allergens. * become flowers * begin growth. * blown in by the wind are deposited in cracks and take root. * borne inoculum can be sufficient to initiate epidemics - viruses and fungi have the potential to reduce plant vigour and yields * buried in the soil have less longevity than under dry storage conditions a. * can also be ground or used whole to flavor meats, fish, eggs, cheese and vegetable dishes - serve the function of overwintering or surviving harsh conditions - travel great distances with contaminated crop plants or vehicles * can be as fine as dust, and it is surprising that some tiny seed produce enormous plants - tiny as a grain of side or bigger than a fingernail - remarkably tolerant of environmental extremes heat, cold and drought - slightly poisonous, and they contain an oil substitute for kukui - things, words, actions - contaminate grains and is the most common poisoning which occurs in chickens * can germinate after two hundred years if stored in a favorable condition - on mineral or organic soils when moisture and aeration are adequate - move from place to place in many ways - reach maturity and have a high oil content, but if they're green, their price drops * can remain dormant in the soil for long periods - in the soil for years and survive harsh climates - spread long distances by floating on racks of dead stems in the fall * can survive a long time in the ground before rooting and producing a plant or flower - until conditions are right for rapid germination and growth - most animals, except sheep - long periods of inactivity between their formation and activation - much longer than spores, sometimes for hundreds of years - without water for many years - travel for extremely long distances, depending on the specific mode of water dispersal - turn into anything Like vines, or weeds or trees * carry the food that helps the new plant begin to grow. * collected from wild habitats often do sucker, especially with seeds from Laos. * come from adult plants to make new plants - desert plants - hybrid plants - the fruits of plants and contain the embryo and food supply for the next plant * come in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes - wide variety of sizes from small flower seeds to large acorn seeds and pine cones * come in all different sizes and shapes and can have different textures - shapes and sizes - sizes shapes and colors depending on the type of plant - many sizes and shapes * consist of a dormant plant embryo, stored food and one or two seed coats * consist of fleshy layers * contain a tiny, dormant embryo plant, together with stored food reserves - alkaloids in the endosperm that are emetic - an embryo that is capable of germinating to produce a new plant - food stores - low levels of protein * contain new life and also the nourishment to get life started - no opium and are used extensively in baking and sprinkling on rolls and bread - the genetic information to produce a new plant - tiny undeveloped plants and enough food for growth to start - zinc , vitamin E , calcium , protein , omega fatty acids * contains a young, multi-cellular plant with defined organs - an abundant food supply * declines rapidly in viability and vigor. * develop into fruit - mature seeds * disperses to greater distances with wind, water, agricultural activities, and animals. * eating birds are the most commonly attracted birds to feeders - follow the ripening seed * enclose an embryo in a moist environment. * energize the food chain. * exhibit little or no dormancy, losing their ability to germinate after about five years. - to the ground and are buried in the earth, where they lie dormant * form from ovules - in light airy sprays at top of plants * generally contain small amounts of acid which increase as the seed germinates. * generate primary nutrition. * germinate anytime that soils are moist * germinate in about a month, but plants grown from seed take three to five years to flower - all seasons except very cold winters - few weeks - readily and plants grow rapidly - readily, especially if one abrades or punctures the seed coat in advance of sowing - under a wide range of temperatures as long as there is sufficient moisture - unseen in the quiet earth * germinates best when exposed to light - readily but plants take a number of years to flower - plants and make more seeds, which grow into new plants - wherever they are sown * grown plants are always best as they adapt to the local conditions as they mature - quite variable * have a chance to grow in soil enriched by ash - finite amount of energy stored - variety of sizes and shapes - almost no metabolism and possess great resistance to environmental extremes - an embryo and food supply - assets - benefits - both morphological and physiological dormancy - designs - differing food storage structures - effects - health benefits * have high protein and oil content - values - impressive health benefits - incredible health properties - intricate designs - irregular germination - longterm viability, accumulating in the organic layer and mineral soil over time - nutritious values - outgrowths - purposes - the advantage of ensuring the young plant has few pathogens - scatter offspring and survive long periods of harsh conditions * includes kernels - other foods such as cereals wheat and rice * increase in volume tremendously when sprouted. * inevitably deteriorate during maturation, harvesting, and conditioning. * intercepted by conifer needles slide down onto twigs during rain. * is disseminated by transport on animal hides - primarily by animals - distributed by the wind, by animals and in water - extracted from fruit after it ripens and before it rots - extremely toxic when seedcoat is broken, as it is when the seeds are strung - food for birds of the air, symbol of the demonic - high in phosphorous and low in calcium - often a contaminant in hay, grain, and straw and is difficult to separate from crop seed - said to be eaten like a peanut in Malaya * is the building block of the food system - center of food chain - essence of agriculture and a basis for economic development in Albania * is the first link in the food chain - stage of life of a plant - most important link in the food chain - only means of survival and the plant dies after flowering to leave a woody stem - primary means of dispersal - primordial input, the embodiment of past harvests and the promise of future ones - used by cardinals, mockingbirds, woodpeckers, turkey, and squirrels * key in the food chain. * let plants spread their embryos over large areas. * living link to the past, present and future * look like black seeds - mustard seeds * lose viability rapidly if stored at room temperature. * make up diets - the bulk of the fall, winter and spring diet * maturing late in a season often produce annual plants. * move around before they find a place to grow - as a contaminant in hay, grain, straw, and machinery * need consistent moisture - soil moisture * normally have just one embryo, but sometimes have more than one, as Citrus spp. * occasionally exhibit partial dormancy which is probably broken naturally by heat from fire. * often have an oil body and are dispersed by ants. * pass through digestive tracts and are deposited randomly by animals. * pass through the gut of flying foxes very quickly, ensuring that the seeds remain viable - tortoise's digestive tract and eventually become food for many other species * permit plants to postpone development during unfavorable conditions. * piece of identifier that is generated by the system. * placed fertilizer is risky especially with crops such as canola and flax. * primarily cause the spread of loosestrife - disperse with wind, but also by water, animals, and human activity * produce best results * produced in the garden are a sexual form of reproduction. * producing types reproduce normally. * product of research and the delivery vehicle for new and improved genetics. * protect and nourish plant embryos, and fruits protect the seeds - the embryo or young plant * provide evidence. * provide food for wildlife * provide important food sources - opportunity - scientific evidence * provide valuable food sources * range in size from no bigger than a pea in some cycads to as big as a goose egg in others. * readily germinate and new plants readily become established from seed in fields. * refers to offspring, children. * remain viable when eaten by animals. * represent a strategy for reproduction and survival. * require a rich, healthy environment in which to grow - adequate moisture - low temperature - moisture and oxygen to germinate, with no exceptions * resemble cherries - nuts - popcorn * rest in their wombs. * scattered over a large area allows entire flocks of birds to feed at one time. * serve as a valuable wild life food. * set in many plant populations is pollen limited. * sitting in wet soils or cold soils also are more vulnerable to seedling blights. * slow method to get new plants. * source of food for songbirds. * spread and grazed grasses grew back in a continuous cycle - easily through waterways or by birds and animals * sprout and grow into plants. * sprout in the darkness of the ground before they know the summer and the day - trees or sidewalks - quickly in cool soil and plants grow rapidly - young leaves * stemcell of a particular type, dynamically created inside the cell. * store better in nitrogen - in containers - stored food from the bulbs * treatments to biologically control plant diseases. * use stored food rather than making food through photosynthesis - until they grow into seedlings that can photosynthesize - various chemical and mechanical means of inhibiting germination until the time is ripe * usually represents a relatively small part of the monetary cost of producing a crop. * vary greatly in color, texture, longevity, and methods of dispersal - size, shape, colour and texture * watered with activated pure water grow faster and taller. * when broken or chewed or when the external coat is removed are toxic. * yield plants. + Dormancy, Development from the seed: Physiology * Most seeds germinate underground where there is no sunlight. The plant does not need the nutrients in soil for a few days or weeks, because the seed has all the things it needs to grow. Later, though, it will begin to need sunlight. If there is sunlight, the plant will use it to grow healthy. If the plant does not get enough light, it will eventually die. It needs light to make food for itself when the reserve in the seed runs out. + Germination: Botany * Seeds can survive much longer than spores, sometimes for hundreds of years. The strategy of seed-bearing plants is to invest energy and material in the substance of seeds, and they have evolved more sophisticated methods of dispersal than just wind. The ecology of seeds'. + Nut (fruit) * Nuts are made of the seed and the fruit, where the fruit does not open to release the seed. Most seeds come from fruits, and the seeds are released from the fruit. + Peanut, Types of Peanuts: Vegetables :: Faboideae * Valencia types are coarse, and they have heavy reddish stems and large foliage. Peanut pods are borne on pegs arising from the main stem and the side branches. Most of the pods are clustered around the base of the plant, and only a few are found several inches away. Valencia types are three seeded and smooth, with no constriction between the seeds. Seeds are oval and tightly crowded into the pods. There are two strains, one with flesh and the other with red seeds. The seed count is 65 to each ounce. + Plant, Flowering plant reproduction, Seed travellers: * A plant produces many spores or seeds. Lower plants such as moss and ferns produce spores. The seed plants are the Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. If all the seeds fell to the ground besides the plant, the area might become overcrowded. There might not be enough water and minerals for all the seeds. Seeds usually have some way to get to new places. Some seeds can be dispersed by the wind or by water. Seeds inside juicy fruits are dispersed after being eaten. Sometimes, seeds stick to animals and are dispersed that way. The ecology of seeds'. * There are many different kinds of seeds. Some plants make a lot of seeds, some make only a few. Seeds are often hard and very small, but some are larger. The coconut is as big as a child's head, but it contains more than just a seed. When the seed is ready to develop, it needs water, air and warmth 'but not sunlight' to become a seedling. * Seeds carry the food that helps the new plant begin to grow. Many kinds of seeds are good food for animals and people. The many kinds of grain that people grow, such as rice, wheat, and maize, are all seeds. Seeds are often inside fruits. + Seed dispersal, Mechanical dispersal, Wind dispersal: Plants * An important detail for a wind-dispersed seed is that it is very light. It must be able to float easily on wind or else it will drop straight to the ground. G.A. Fox 2006. 2nd ed, Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts. Some seeds are very small and light, almost like dust. Orchid seeds and poppy seeds are like that. Poppy seeds are inside a little capsule that has little openings around the top. On a windy day, the poppy fruit capsule will sway from side to side, shaking out the tiny seeds out the windows like a salt shaker. + Seed, Development from the seed: Plant anatomy	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Acacia seed * Some acacia seeds have appendages - small appendages * can be difficult to germinate. * have a small appendage called an elaisome which is full of nice tasting food for ants. * is also a useful coffee substitute. Areca nut * can have deleterious effects. * is the equivalent of an after-dinner mint. Bean seed * are big enough for children to handle easily - good dicots * used for cooking purposes is dry when harvested. Betel nut * are ground and chewed like tobacco. * contain a tannin with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity in vitro. Biennial seed * Some biennial seeds produce foliage. * are best sown in autumn - produced the second year of the plant's life Black seed * Most black seeds contain carbohydrates - have husks * Some black seeds contain calcium - have dormancy * are more pungent than white seeds. * have hulls<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| caryopsis: Amaranth * Many amaranths are sensitive to day length, which is useful in developing varieties. * are chemical compounds - colour - difficult to transplant except when the seedlings are very small - easy to grow so long as they have full sun - grain - green, leafy vegetables and grain crops - herbs - plants * do well in hot, high light conditions, producing edible foliage in summer conditions. * reproduce solely by seed, producing very small, dark seeds. * vary in foliage color, leaf shape, plant height and flavor. ### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| caryopsis \| amaranth: Palmer amaranth * is an extremely vigorous, tall plant - capable of producing extraordinary amounts of seed - clearly the most aggressive pigweed in hot, humid to semiarid conditions * weed that competes with cotton. Tumbleweed * are actually big bushes that break off and start tumbling in the wind - the skeletons of lost starfish * is an amaranth - weeds * roll in the wind, shaking seeds out as they travel. * trickles chemicals into the soil. Wheat berry * Most wheat berries are part of wheat. * Wheat berries are a natural heat retainer prolonging the heat therapy - grain - plant materials - the whole berries of the wheat - is considered the chief dish of ancient Egypt and Palestine * crunchy grain that can be served either hot as a side dish, or cold as a cereal - which can be served either hot as a side dish or cold as a cereal ### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| caryopsis \| wheat berry: Bulgur wheat * adds texture and flavor to cooked beans, soups and stews. * is soaked for several days in yoghurt and sour milk. * wheat berry Castor bean * are an unusually versatile plant - oilseeds * is another Euphorbiaceous plant believed to repel moles and other subterranean pests. Celery seed * Most celery seeds are part of celery - contain compounds * Most celery seeds have health benefits - properties * have benefits - impressive health benefits * need light.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Coffee bean * Most coffee beans grow in blue mountain regions * Some coffee beans are excreted by civets - indonesian civets - indonesian palm civets - pass through digestive tracts * are actually the seeds of the coffee tree - green when picked - located in grocery stores - part of coffee - really seeds from berries that grow on shade-loving understory bushes * come from the fruit of a coffee plant called a cherry. - on trees * taste differently depending upon where they are grown. Conifer seed * Most conifer seeds possess a wing that carries the seed through the air to the ground. * are located on cone scales - the primary food - very complex structures, containing cells from three generations of the tree * can persist in the soil for decades. * develop inside a protective cone called a strobilus. * fall on grass above soil and sprouting seeds dry and wither as the grass dries out. * have no triploid endosperm.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Conker * are horse chestnuts - inedible because they contain toxic glucoside aesculin - the hard fruit of the horse chestnut tree * includes kernels - sections Cottonseed * are oilseeds - part of cotton * combines protein, fiber, and fat into one feed. * competes with soybeans. * contains a pigment called gossypol. Cumin * are herbs - part of cumins - plants - spices * grows readily from seed. * thrives on rich, well-drained sandy loam soil. Cumin seed * are also good in curing sinusitis - strong and spicy * helps in digestion. Dandelion seed * Most dandelion seeds are dispersed by wind. * are among the preferred seeds fed to the young. - widely by the wind - non-dormant when produced * fly or float through the air. * have feathery tufts that act as parachutes. * spread in the wind. Different seed * have different habits , no doubt adapted to their habitat. + Dormancy, Development from the seed: Physiology * A seed, though not active, is a tiny living thing. That is not correct. Different seeds have different habits, no doubt adapted to their habitat. Academic Press, San Diego. + Seed, Development from the seed: Plant anatomy Dormant seed * Most dormant seeds require temperature. * appear to require leaching of germination inhibitors and light to break dormancy. * are stored in the soil and germinate when the conditions become favorable. * destroy themselves to allow the new plant within to come forth. * have the potential to germinate but are prevented from doing so by some mechanism. Edible seed * Most edible seeds come from desert plants - contain food - have flavor * Some edible seeds resemble almonds. * resemble nuts. Fern seed * Some fern seeds are part of ferns - maidenhairs * are very rare.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Flax seed * are an excellent vegetable source. * are high in fiber and therefore can have a cholesterol-lowering effect - mucilage content and act as a bulk laxative when taken wit a lot of water - of no nutritional value when eaten whole - taken directly from heads, or collected on the ground * are the richest source, a hundred times greater than wheat germ - source of linseed oil * attracts some birds. * can delay the absorption of medications. * come equipped with a tough outer coat. * contain lignans but most formulas leave it out. * contains high amounts of both essential fatty acids and natural, vegetarian source - linseed oil, used for rheumatic pain, diarrhea and coughs - protein, fat, fiber, and a host of vitamins and minerals * has a low angle of repose - mix of fiber too * is crushed to produce linseed oil and linseed meal - good for hens because it helps vary their diet - one dietary source<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Flaxseed * also promotes strong nails, bones and healthy skin. * are a good source of concentrated phytoestrogens. * are also rich in fibers which are important for cleansing the colon - sources of potassium, magnesium and boron - the best source of the phytochemical lignan - amazing in that they contain two separate sources of estrogen like substances - richer in essential fatty acids than fish oil * consists of fat, fiber and protein. * contains high levels of phytoestrogens - several important fatty acids that can control inflammation * have estrogenic properties, and too much creates hormonal imbalance. * influences urinary lignan excretion in a dose-dependent manner in postmenopausal women. * is also rich in linseed oil. * is high in both soluble and insoluble fiber - fiber, so increase water intake along with it * primarily contains protein, fat and dietary fiber. * provides nutritional benefits and great flavor, especially to baked goods. * shows great promise for preventing breast cancer. * supplies the body with essential fatty acids. * very old food, and for centuries has been added to foods for improved health.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Fresh seed * Most fresh seeds germinate in months. - readily, but at some point seeds go into dormancy * germinates more rapidly and with more success if smoke is used. Geranium seed * have coats. * have hard coats - seed coats Germinate seed * Most germinate seeds grow into plants. * Some germinate seeds produce seeds. Ginkgo seed * Most ginkgo seeds fall in autumn. * Most ginkgo seeds have germination - irregular germination Grass seed * Most grass seeds are easily distinctive in appearance from one another - contain fungi * Most grass seeds have high resistance - pest resistance * Some grass seeds contain a fungus known as endophyte - have small barbs or hooks which make removal difficult - produce foliage * need consistent moisture Green seed * germinate more slowly than ripe seeds, but they do germinate. * has an immature embryo. * relates back to the uniformity of the canola crop as it approaches maturity and harvest.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Hemp seed * are a complete source of vegetable protein, and contain eight essential amino acids. * are also common in birdseed - the highest known source of Essential Fatty Acids - the world's best and cheapest source of protein to feed the world's hungry - well known within the hemp community as an excellent source of fiber and nutrients * can be ground, soaked, or crushed for their oil content. * contain more highly digestible protein than soy beans - the perfect balance of the essential fatty acids required by the human body * highly nutritious source of protein and essential fatty oils. * is also an extremely high source of fiber - nature's most complete source of protein - an ancient food also used for medicinal purposes - nature's perfect food, packed with protein and essential fatty acids - oblong - recommended as a nutritionally balanced food for domestic pets and farm animals - very nutritious * produce an oil and nut product that contains a superior level of essential fatty acids - that can be used to make tofu, butter, cheese, salad oils and other foods * rich plant source of protein , containing all known amino acids. Immature seed * Most immature seeds develop into mature seeds * Some immature seed can continue to mature on cut stems. Infected seed * become soft and watery, with fungal hyphae, or strands, emanating from the seed. * decay in the soil. * have a pink to purple discoloration on their seed coats - seed coats with purple blotches * is the most common source of infection. * produce infected plants. * serves as source of infection to emerging seedlings. Large seed * are an important adaptation in dune plants. * store better in nitrogen. Linseed * are oilseeds. * is also helpful as well as being good for tendon and ligament health - in a category called fixed or non-drying oils * prefers a warmer climate with less humidity than fibre flax. * varies much in size and tint - a yellowish variety occurring in India. Lupin seed * has a high fibre content relative to other pig food ingredients. * is vulnerable to mechanical damage, as are soybeans or dry edible beans. Maple seed * Some maple seeds have structures. * are carried by the wind. * have structures that are wing-shaped, so they travel really well on the wind. * spin in the wind on wing-like attachments. Mistletoe seed * are covered with a glue-like substance that sticks to the bills of birds - disseminated by birds in several ways, depending on bird species - explosive - spread mostly by birds * is spread to other branches and more mistletoe clusters grow into the tree. * need light. Nasturtium seed * are pea-sized and easy to plant. * require darkness to germinate. Niger seed * favorite food of Goldfinches. * is expensive compared to sunflower seed - imported from India and Ethiopia * sold as birdseed is heated to prevent it from germinating.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Nut * Many nut insects cause few problems for humans. * Many nuts are good sources of iron, selenium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and potassium - lost due to damage from the larvae, which burrow through the nut shell - have thin, papery skins that are often tannic and bitter * Most nuts add to diets. * Most nuts are also fairly good sources of protein - good sources of antioxidants, including vitamin E and phytochemicals - very low in saturated fats - come from trees * Most nuts contain acid - oily seeds - omega fatty acid - fall from trees - grow into trees * Most nuts grow on large trees * Most nuts have flavor - sweet flavor - make up diets * Most nuts provide food - rich diets * S are a natural source of fats and the most concentrated energy source. * Some nuts are also sources of selenium - tough to crack - contain salt * Some nuts have irregular shapes - triangular shapes - sea water - strength * Some nuts produce fruit - tubers * add flavor and texture to meals and snacks * also are rich in important minerals such as copper, magnesium, zinc, iron and calcium. * also contain a number of important vitamins and minerals - fat, but when balanced with low-fat foods, makes for a healthful eating plan - many minerals, including copper, iron zinc and magnesium - protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals, including magnesium and potassium - differ greatly in size and shape * also have a lot of dietary benefit - nutritional value - vitamin E, magnesium and copper, nutrients linked to heart health * appear as garnishes, thickeners, and even as beverages. * are a good source of fiber but are also high in fat - minerals like calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and selenium - plant protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals * are a good source of protein, but are high in fat - but they're also high in fat - vitamin B complex in particular - great combination of good fats, fibre, vitamins and minor nutrients * are a great source of fiber and another likely breast cancer foe-monounsaturated fats - moderate source of polyphenol antioxidants - more expensive way to get protein - neglected source of protein - particularly good source of fiber - plant product with protein, vitamin E, and fiber - rich source of essential fatty acids - significant source of vitamin E and fiber - source of vegetable fat - type of fruit - actually fruits * are also a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin E, zinc and folate - potent food, especially in the winter season - an excellent source of protein - heart-protective - helpful in lowering the risk of some forms of cancer - high in fat, and fat is harder to digest than other substances - higher in fiber and a good source of plant proteins * are also rich in different plant compounds - fat however the fats found in nuts are mostly mono- or polyunsaturated - protein and a variety of vitamins and minerals - vegetable protein, magnesium, vitamin E, fibre and potassium - always best when eaten raw right out of their shell * are an excellent source of fiber, particularly when consumed with the skins on - rare amino acids that are destroyed in cooked protein - the antioxidant vitamins particularly the a-tocopherols - important source of nutrients for both humans and wildlife * are another part of a healthy Mediterranean diet - well known fruit type - collected by animals such as squirrels - contained in large woody rounded pods that break open when they fall on the forest floor * are dry fruits with an edible kernel enclosed in a hard woody shell - easier to chop when they are warm * are edible and a source of oil, for food, lubrication, paints, perfumes and soaps - kernels protected by shells - especially popular in New England for making maple-butternut candy - examples of indehiscent fruits - fruits and seeds with a hard shell - full of fat, and that means survival through the lean times of winter - generally snack food - given as a vermifuge, which drug that fights parasitic worms - good in dishes sweet or savory - harmful to eczema, especially cashew nuts * are high in calcium, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, vitamin E and fiber - cholesterol * are high in fat and, therefore, high in calories, as well - but most of the fatty acids are unsaturated - fat, but mostly unsaturated fat - minerals and protein and are part of a healthy diet - protein but they are also high in fat and phosphorus - the amino acid arginine - vitamin E which is good for eyes, skin and hair - integral because they are the best form of fat for both vegetarians and non-vegetarians * are low in saturated fat and high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat - high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats - fat, naturally cholesterol free and high in monounsaturated fat - fats and have no cholesterol - fatty acids and high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids - naturally high in fat - nutrient-rich sources of energy which containing protein, carbohydrate, and fat - on the ground, as are limbs and trees * are one of our early evolutionary foods and ultra-compatible with survival - the vegetarian's main sources of protein - packed with heart-healthy fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals - plant products - ready for planting when they begin to germinate as evidenced by nut splitting - really fruits with a dry, hard exterior shell and contain fats and proteins * are rich in copper and zinc, which are important for heart health - flavor with a lingering aftertaste - plant protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and micronutrients - vitamin E , phytosterols, and a variety of phytochemicals - seasonal, but they have the tremendous advantage of storing for a long time - seeds encased in hard shells - still a symbol of fertility in Southwest England * are the main source of protein and fat for the squirrels - most preferred foods for deer - size of walnuts, and rich in starch - source of energy and nutrients for the new plant - thick shelled - too high in fat - typically too large for a duck to eat because they swallow their food whole - usually globose, brown, and thick shelled * are very high in calories, however - sensitive to ammonia damage which causes blackening of external tissues * are, after all, an important part of their diet - of course, an excellent sources of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats * can add crunch to a green salad, pizzazz to a pasta dish and flavor to baked goods - also turn rancid and actually do age - be part of soups and salads, pastas and desserts - cause choking - in many sizes * contain a fair amount of fat and calories per serving - mono and polyunsaturated fats as opposed to saturated fats - only a small amount of complex carbohydrates and essentially no simple carbohydrates - primarily healthy fats and can be a part of meals - protein and fat as well and are a great snack for endurance athletes - unsaturated fat, soluble fibre and anti-oxidant vitamins * do carry their share of fat and calories - have fat, but it's good fat * have a thin, similar shaped barky shell with often shriveled nuts - different nutritional profiles - good flavor, size, and an attractive color - many amino-acids - no hair * have very thick shells and sweet kernels - shells, and kernels are small and tend to shatter when cracked * includes kernels - sections * is also an Egyptian goddess - oval, thick shelled and deeply ridged - sweet and pear-shaped and enclosed in a thin husk that splits only part way * often have lots of added salt. * producing trees like the beech are particularly good places to see signs of black bear activity. * promote weight loss. * provide diets - protein and fiber and, like other non-animal foods, have no cholesterol * require exercise and intellect to open up and eat. * serve purposes. * soothe the nerves. * symbolize faith, hope and love. * tend to be high in fat, but the fat in nuts is mostly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat. * vary in the vitamins, minerals and protein they contain. + Apple, In culture, Germanic paganism: Rosaceae * English scholar H. R. Ellis Davidson suggests that apples were related to religious practices in Germanic paganism. It was from there, she claims, that Norse paganism developed. She points out that buckets of apples were discovered in the place of burial for the Oseberg ship in Norway. They have also been discovered somewhere else on the continent of Europe. She suggests that this may have had a symbolic meaning. Nuts are still a symbol of fertility in Southwest England.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Beechnut * are eaten by birds and mammals, serving as an important food for chipmunks and squirrels - small, triangular nuts * contains high level of tannic acid which creates bitter taste of the fruit. Betel nut * is an important factor in Timorese village life. * mild stimulant popular all over South Asia and the Pacific.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Brazil * alone accounts for one-third of Latin America's economic activity. * also has important trading links with a number of Arab countries, notably Saudi Arabia - probably the highest level of tobacco advertising per capita in the world * also has the biggest number of Japanese descendents outside Japan - world s second highest number of murders of homosexuals * being larger than the continental United States has many varied regions and cultures. * by-product of a previous manufacturing process which was stopped several years ago. * claims the highest primate diversity of any country in the world. * continues to be the largest online market in Latin America - increase soybean exports in competition with the United States * country of continental size, and arguably the most biologically rich nation on Earth. * country rich in natural resources - resources and natural advantages * country that adapts readily to rapid changes and new opportunities - has a good intellectual base and a good industrial base - with great differences in wealth between people * culture filled with spiritualism and miracles. * currently leads the world in coffee production - produces about three-quarters as much as the rest of Latin America together * developing country which needs capital investment * generates nearly one-third of all goods and services produced in Latin America. * harbors the largest region of untouched jungle on Earth - wintering concentration * has a comparative advantage in the production of automobiles - production of shoes - high incidence of violent crime - very large landmass * has an absolute advantage in the production of shoes - abundance of most kinds of resources - enormous reserves of many important minerals - large river systems * has many different types of soil - fine libraries and research centers - large cities as well as remote areas that few have explored * has more lingerie and bathing suit shops than any other country in the world - professional soccer teams than any other country in the world * has one of the most advanced industrial sectors in Latin America - concentrated land distribution patterns in the world - unequal distributions of income in the world - world's most unequal patterns of land distribution - one-seventh of the world's total forest area * has some of the largest and most beautiful caves known in the whole world - ranches in the world - strong traditions in the genres of horror, satirical humour and children's comics - ten million rural poor who have no access to land * has the best crystal rocks in the world - fourth largest television network in the world * has the highest annual rate of deforestation today - interest rates in the world * has the largest Japanese speaking population in the Americas - economy in Latin America - national fuel ethanol industry - number of Internet users after the United States - population of African descents outside North America - potential environmental market in Latin America - most inequitable distribution of land ownership in the world * has the second largest population of people of African origin of any nation - worst distribution of land in the world - second-largest Black population in the world, second only to that of Nigeria * has the world's biggest Roman Catholic population - ninth largest economy - twice the size of Russia's * heavy importer of cocaine. * huge country, with a lot of different cultures and many different styles of music. * is Latin America's largest and most diverse economy - economy and the eighth largest in the world - South America's largest, richest and most heavily populated country - abundant in bean oil, and in the United States sunflower oil is easy to find * is also a developing country - highly industrialized nation - major producer of several other key commodities such as gold, coal and phosphates - producer, with most of production in the form of ferronickel alloy products * is also home to more than a quarter of Earth's tropical forests - the world's largest forest reserves * is also one of the biggest gold producers - very few countries where poverty increased despite growth - part of the modern world * is also the first developing country to clone a sheep - largest Internet market in Latin America and the fastest growing in the world - main supplier of transgenic-free soybeans to Europe - world's largest exporter of niobium, tin, lithium, tantalum and gemstones - among the countries embracing REDD among other efforts to reduce carbon emissions * is among the top ten producers of beef - three producers of sugar cane - an immense country with several different biomes, or life zones - approximately the size of the United States - as likely to stay a risky zone as the whole of Latin America - better able to produce coffee than France * is by far the largest South American economy - source of wood products for the U.S., from Latin America - supplier of coffee today - number one exporter of coffee beans both arabica and robusta - characterized by racial, ethnic and regional diversity - considered the largest Roman Catholic country in the world - different from other Latin American countries - dominant in soy and iron ore while Russia has enormous supplies of oil and natural gas - endowed with vast agricultural resources - far and away the leader among Latin American countries in terms of Internet access - flat * is fourth in the world in food exports, fifth in area, and sixth in hunger - with the exportation of arms - generally self-sufficient in food with the major exception of wheat - highly dependent upon potato and strawberry cultivars developed in other countries - home to the largest Catholic population in the world - important to the United States * is known as a country that exports products - the country with the world's largest rainforest - located in a tropical climatic zone just south of the equator - made up of states, territories and the Federal District * is now among the world s ten most powerful economic nations - the ninth biggest steel producer in the world - of particular importance to the United States, both economically and geographically * is on the edge of hyperinflation - opposite longitude to Australia and is in the southern hemisphere * is one of the countries that have been greatly affected by global economic policies - fastest growing internet markets in the world - few areas in the world where staying blood is still cultivated - greatest rice importers in the world - largest beef producers in the world - leading emerging market economies in the world - major leaders in the cocoa bean belt - two countries of the earth with the highest income concentration * is one of the world's leading exporters of agricultural products - manufacturers of aircraft and automobiles - top surfing destinations - the countries that has been greatly affected by neoliberal policies - potentially one of the largest energy markets in the world - presently by far the world's largest producer of coffee - probably the most prolific supplier of aquamarine today - rated second in world iron- ore production and fifth in the production of motor vehicles - rich in natural and human resources * is rich in natural resources, and has one of the world's few natural resource frontiers - yet has an enormous national debt - second only to Nigeria in population of people of African descent * is self-sufficient in food, except for wheat - most foodstuffs and consumer goods - slightly more important as a source of U.S. agricultural imports - so distinct from other Latin societies * is the fifth largest country in the world, occupying half of the continent of South America * is the first country to set up small kiosks as an alternative to bigger restaurants - use sugar cane alcohol as a fuel for motor vehicles - largest citrus producer in the world * is the largest country in South America and is the fifth largest country in the world - America and the largest economy in Latin America - America taking up half of the continent - America with many landforms - America, and the fifth largest in the world - America, the national language is Portuguese - the Latin American region - exporter of citrus juice concentrate in the world - market in South America * is the largest of the Latin American countries and the only one to speak Portuguese - South American nations * is the largest producer of coffee in the world - producing predominantly arabica - oranges, and Japan of mandarins - papayas in the world, and the dominant supplier to Europe - leading producer of dry beans, followed by Mexico * is the most economically unequal country in the world, exceeding even the United States - prolific supplier of aquamarine, which is often found in shades of blue-green - severely affected in South America - only Latin American country that had a monarchy * is the only Portuguese speaking country in South America - nation in the Americas * is the only Portuguese-speaking country in South America * is the only country in Latin America that speaks Portuguese - the world that can compete with the United States on a costwise basis - significant weapons producer in Latin America - second largest producer of soy in the world - seventh in the world ranking of gold production - twelfth largest market for U.S. exporters * is the world leader in genetic engineering technology - s ninth largest economy and has half of the continent s population * is the world's biggest Roman Catholic country - coffee producer in both hectares used and metric tonnes produced - consumer of tropical timber - producer and exporter of orange juice * is the world's largest Roman Catholic country, at least nominally - commercial producer of citrus fruit and juice - deforester and one of the largest debtors - exporter of beef * is the world's largest producer and consumer of ethanol * is the world's largest producer of coffee - grapefruits and oranges - sugar producer and biggest grower and exporter of coffee - leader in the use of ethanol as an automobile fuel * is the world's leading coffee producer * is the world's second biggest exporter of soyabeans - largest exporter of soya - worlds largest producer and exporter of both sugar,orange juice,and coffee - very heterogenous racially and culturally * lacks good quality coal to produce the temperatures needed. * large and diverse economy that is rich in natural resources and human capital. * leads the world in fuel-alcohol production - with more than four billion gallons of ethanol produced each year * major consumer and exporter of the metal - exporter of soybean products - producer of several other metals * makes up nearly half the total area of South America. * medieval society. * multi-racial society, with one of the world's widest income gaps between rich and poor. * multicultural country with rich musical traditions. * multiracial country. * mystical country, virtually obsessed with the supernatural. * now produces more emeralds than any other country. * nuts with their brown outer coating produce a topping that is speckled in appearance. * occupies nearly half of the total area of South America. * potential market worth tens of millions in profits. * produces bioethanol made from sugarcane available throughout the country - only a small amount of coal * ranks fifth in both area and population among the countries of the world - first in the world for numbers of species of primate, amphibians and plants * relatively small importer of other meat and animal products. * relies on hydroelectric energy and France, nuclear fission. * remains the world's largest coffee producer and exporter. * shares a border with every country in South America except Chile and Ecuador. * start-up machine. * state party to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. * treats life-saving drugs as social goods. * tropical country with mild winters and very large rivers * vast country, larger than the continental United States. * very important market for Australian coking coal - large country with a large and highly diverse population + BRIC, Thesis, (2003) 'Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050': 2000s economic history :: Country classifications :: Foreign relations of India :: Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China :: Foreign relations of Brazil :: Goldman Sachs :: Multilateral relations of Russia :: Economic Grouping Acronyms :: Economies by region * Goldman Sachs predicts that China and India, respectively, will become the dominant global suppliers of manufactured goods and services, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. It should be noted that of the four countries, Brazil remains the only nation that has the capacity to continue all elements, meaning manufacturing, services, and resource supplying simultaneously. Cooperation is thus hypothesized to be a logical next step among the BRICs because Brazil and Russia together form the logical commodity suppliers to India and China. Brazil is dominant in soy and iron ore while Russia has enormous supplies of oil and natural gas. + Brazil, Languages: Portuguese-speaking countries * Most people in Brazil speak Portuguese. Brazil is the only country in Latin America that speaks Portuguese - People/culture * Brazil is the largest country in South America and the largest economy in Latin America. Its people include people of Portuguese or other European descent, African descent, and native Amerindians, as well as many people of mixed origins. Brazil also has the biggest number of Japanese descendents outside Japan + Crime in Brazil, Overview: Crime by country :: Brazil * Brazil becomes independent from Portugal. + Gasoline, Usage and pricing, Brazil: Fuel :: Hydrocarbons * Brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry. Brazilian ethanol is produced from sugar cane and noted for high carbon sequestration. + Misiones Province: Provinces of Argentina * Misiones' is one of the provinces of Argentina. It is in the northeastern corner of the country. Paraguay is to the northwest. Brazil is to the north, east and south. There are 965,522 people living in Misiones.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Brazil nut * are also high in selenium - an important source of dietary selenium - delicious and high in selenium, an essential anti-oxidant - especially high in selenium - high in both zinc and selenium - know for their large fruits and seeds - one of the richest known sources of the mineral selenium - rich in selenium, a powerful antioxidant - the best source of selenium - useful in the manufacturing of many hair products - very high in selenium which has been found to have strong anti-cancer properties * grow in a capsule in the tops of the Brazil-nut tree. * tend to rise to the top because smaller nuts block downward movement of the larger nuts. Cashew * are a good source of iron and folic acid - popular snack and are also used in confectionery and cooking - also indigenous to the Americas, but are now grown globally - among the most widely cultivated nut - native to northern South America - nut trees - part of cashews - plants * become limp when added to baked goods. * includes kernels - sections ### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut \| chestnut: American chestnut * Some american chestnuts produce gall. * has a simple leaf which is highly serrate. Chinese chestnut * Some chinese chestnuts produce gall. * are also a particularly good source of vitamin A - smaller, shrub-like, and resistant to the blight * fall to the ground when ripe. * is resistant to chestnut blight.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Cob * Some cobs have plumages - white plumages * includes kernels - sections * is an affordable construction method that utilizes recycled materials - alternative building material produced by mixing earth, sand, clay, and straw with water - ancient construction method that was used in many parts of the world - organic building material made out of soil, sand, clay and straw - lumps, or rounded masses of earth mixed with sand and straw, by hand and foot - made of earth, straw and sand, and dries to a hardness similar to lean concrete * is one of many methods for building with raw earth, the world's commonest construction material - the cheapest building materials imaginable - very resistant to weathering * mix of dirt, sand and straw which can be made into any shape. * mixture of clay and long-stemmed straw. * recent arrival in the United States. * splitting down their length is usually due to a narrow concave gap. * traditional European building method. * uses clay soil, sand and some straw, just like adobe bricks - earth, straw and sand as materials and dries to a hardness similar to lean concrete * very low cost, but labor intensive method, to create a natural home. Filbert * Some filberts are ornamentals as well as nut producers. * are birch - deciduous plants - hazelnuts - sensitive to herbicides * sucker eagerly and grow as shrubs if unpruned. * usually begin to produce nuts by the third year after planting. Hickory nut * are edible for humans as well as squirrels - edible, but take considerable effort to produce significant quantities * begin to fall from the trees in middle to late summer. * grow wild in the northern states. * have a rich, buttery flavor - an excellent rich flavour with a buttery quality due to their high fat content * natural green food and one of the best tasty nut varieties in China.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Macadamia nut * are edible fruit - from trees native to northeastern Australia - macadamias - part of macadamia nuts * are the only native plant to Australia that is grown for food commercially - premier nuts of the world * belong to a relatively obscure family, the Proteaceae. * can cause non-fatal stiffness, tremors, hyperthermia , and abdominal pain. * contain an abundance of oleic acid, which is said to help reduce cholesterol levels. * fall from the tree naturally when they are mature. * have a subtle, rich flavor, with a texture that's more creamy than crisp - tender texture and a mild flavor with a rich aftertaste Nutlet * are an import way that yellow nutsedge reproduces itself - food for ducks and other birds * break apart at maturity and are rapidly scattered by animals. Pecan nut * are long and pointed and have thin shells. * vary in size, shape, and shell thickness.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Pine nut * ALL pine nuts are edible. * Most pine nuts contain proteins. * appear in adequate quantity in various locations throughout Nevada at different times. * are a great addition to cooked spinach - rich source of zinc, selenium and other important vitamins - staple in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine - in season - super nutritious * grow in China, Italy, Mexico, North Africa and the southwestern United States. * have a long culinary history and are even mentioned in the Bible. * turn rancid quickly because of the high fat content and keep best in airtight storage. Pinyon nut * Some pinyon nuts have values. * are second only to pecans in terms of commercial value.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Pistachio * are a native plant to desert environments. * are also low in saturated fat and are cholesterol-free - and cholesterol free - available shelled or unshelled, salted or unsalted, roasted or raw - intolerant of high humidity during the growing season due to disease susceptibility - low in saturated fat and cholesterol free - nut trees - one of the very best food sources of plant based phytosterols - part of pistachios - plants - wind pollinated * have male trees that produce pollen and female trees that produce fruit. * includes kernels - sections * thrive in hot, dry desert-like conditions like the central California valley. Rancid nut * are frequently soft and have a yellow, dark, or oily appearance. * have a bitter, unpleasantly oily taste. True nut * Some true nuts are hazelnuts, acorns, chestnuts and beechnuts. * are produced, for example, by some plant families of the order Fagales.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut: Walnut * has dark brown heartwood with tan sapwood. * is dense, hard, strong and stable - good for health, it makes bone and muscles strong and healthy - naturally a dark brown - one of our most valuable species, and it is often purchased in small quantities - pale to chocolate in color - the main wood used with accents in sedua and ebony - used for inlaid facial features on the teddy and for the ears on both - useful for depression that results from difficulty in adjusting to change ### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| nut \| walnut: English walnut * have a healthy nutrient profile. * make great ingredients in cookies. Oilseed * are seeds. * contain medicinal compounds that affect many organs of the human body. * tend to have a more constant amino acid composition. Palm seed * Most palm seeds germinate well in a sand, peat and perlite germinating media. * Some palm seeds take three years to germinate. Papaya seed * Most papaya seeds contain enzymes. * Most papaya seeds have incredible health properties * Some papaya seeds have excess. * have effects Parsley seed * Most parsley seeds help germination. * are small and germinates slowly. * can be very slow to germinate. * have a chemical that prevents germination.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Pine seed * All pine seeds are edible, but most are too small for humans to bother with. * Most pine seeds have coats - seed coats Pip * are XML data formats and standardized business processes - performance groups specializing in basketball skills, drills, and tricks * lie at the bottom of a hierarchy headed by clusters and segments. * uses for making impressions in prehistoric pottery. Pumpkin seed * Most pumpkin seeds are part of pumpkins. * contains, zinc, essential to male reproductive health. * have assets. * preserves the prostate gland, and thereby, also male potency. Rape seed * are like small greasy ball bearings, and they escape quite easily. * is used in birdseed mixtures. Small seed * Most small seeds contain carbohydrates - have fruit * Some small seeds contain endosperms.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Soy * Most soy contains chemicals - compounds - natural chemicals - has proteins * Some soy causes breast cancer - contains natural toxins * Some soy helps prevent cancer - prostate cancer - interferes with protein digestion * absorbs the flavors of the ingredients it is cooked with, is inexpensive, and easy to work with. * acts as an antioxidant. * balances sex hormone levels. * based oils have a reduced environmental impact on sensitive aquatic environments. * can be a healthy addition to a balanced diet. * can be an allergenic food for some people - important weapon in the war against breast cancer * contains a chemical called isoflavone, that acts as an antioxidant - group of natural plant chemicals called isoflavones - variety of isoflavones, including two potent ones called genistein and daidzein - at least two compounds that inhibit pigment formation - chemicals known as phytoestrogens, which are thought to mimic the action of estrogen - compounds called isoflavones that are believed to be cancer-preventive - daidzin, a potent phytoestrogen, and wheat flour contains less potent enterolactones - essential fatty acids, phytoestrogens, vitamin E and natural anti-inflammatory agents - genistein and daidzin which is converted to daidzein - goitrogens that block thyroid function - high levels of goitrogens - hormone-like compounds called phytoestrogens - many individual isoflavones, but the most beneficial are genistein and daidzein - phytates which have been known to inhibit iron absorption * contains phytoestrogens and soy also negatively influences the thyroid gland - called isoflavones that can mimic estrogen - which can work like estrogens in the body * contains phytoestrogens, compounds that help regulate estrogen levels - such as genistein, daidzein and glycitein - plant steroids called isoflavones that structurally are related to estrogen - protein, isoflavones, and fiber, all thought to provide health benefits - the phytochemical genistein, which has anti-angiogenesis properties - thousands of compounds - two important isoflavones known as genistein and diadzein * delivers calcium to the bones, increasing bone density. * has functions * helps lower cholesterol, prevent heart disease, and ease the discomforts of menopause - maintain kidney health - stimulate the release of anabolic hormones that promote muscle formation - support a healthy cardiovascular system * includes kernels - sections * induces cancer cells to differentiate into normal cells. * inhibits estrogen-induced breast and endometrial cell proliferation - protein kinase C activity in cancer cells * is in sixty percent of our processed food - part of soyas - so widely distributed in processed foods that avoidance of soy in the diet is very difficult * isoflavones act like weak estrogens in respect to bone metabolism - contain phytoestrogens that bind with estrogen receptors exert an inhibitory effect * isoflavones enhance coronary vascular reactivity in atherosclerotic female macaques - in the treatment of prostate cancer * lowers the risk of breast cancer. * offers benefits * prevents digestive disorders - the problems of milk allergy * promotes healthy bones, cholesterol levels and helps relieve symptoms of menopause - strong bones and connective tissues * provides complete protein, contains no cholesterol and is low in saturated fat. * reduces cholesterol - hot flashes because it source of compounds called phytoestrogens - the risk of prostate cancer by inhibiting cell growth * serves as meat and milk for a new generation of politically correct vegetarians - a new generation of virtuous vegetarians * slows growth of prostate cancers. * supports growth - normal growth * there staple of the diet for both rich and poor. * therefore contains no cholesterol.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Soybean * Most soybeans are part of soyas - yellow, but there are brown and black varieties * Most soybeans contain proteins - quality plant proteins - starches - vitamins - grow in areas * Most soybeans grow under conditions - sufficient conditions * Most soybeans undergo fermentation - yeast fermentation * Some soybeans contain acid - amino acid * Some soybeans grow environments - for seeds * Some soybeans grow under different intensity - light intensity * Some soybeans have foliage - green foliage - ranges - tendencies - interfere with photosynthesis - show growth * add nitrogen to the soil and can be grown without fertilizer in their first year. * adjust to moisture levels by altering the number of pods set and the size of each seed. * also are difficult to ensile - unrelated to tree nuts such as almonds, walnuts and cashews * also contain high levels of minerals like calcium, iron and zinc - phytic acid or phytates - phytoestrogens, which some experts think can reduce disease risks for women - potent enzyme inhibitors - form a major proportion of stock feed in Australia - have fibrous roots that spread out throughout the soil - run the risk of mycotoxin contamination and are high in plant estrogens - serve as an important source of nutrition in animal feed - supply all eight essential amino acids needed by humans * appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat. * are North Carolina's ninth-largest commodity crop. * are a bit more resilient in dry weather - common allergen - deep green with a slightly paler shade of silver-green on the underside of the leaf - global commodity * are a good alternative or emergency source of livestock feed if managed correctly - scavenger of P, unless soil test levels are very low or low - source of various vitamins and minerals - great source of fiber - hearty plant that is easily grown - legume and are a meat alternative especially for vegetarian diets - legume, are in the pea family, and as such are naturally high in aluminum - leguminous plant * are a major food source for the entire world and are known for their high protein content - source of domestic and international trade for Indiana agriculture - miracle food for fighting heart disease and cancer * are a nutritional powerhouse - superpower - pretty good source of protein - primary foodstuff in Asia - prominent crop in Michigan - renewable source, unlike petroleum based paraffin - rich source of bone building calcium - staple in the diet of East Asian countries - unique source of phytochemicals, or chemicals found in plants, called isoflavones - very important crop in the United States - wealth of healthful vitamins, minerals, and nutrients - abundant in good quality protein and fat * are also an excellent source of dietary fiber - important source of dietary fiber and contain a relatively high oil content - full of protein and calcium - high in phytic acid or phytates - less susceptible to frost than corn - naturally rich in phosphorus, an important dietary mineral - rich in calcium, iron, phosphorus and some of the B vitamins * are among the best sources of plant-based protein - most versatile and healthful foods around * are an excellent source of phytosterols - ideal crop to clean up shattercane * are an important agricultural crop because of the oil and protein contained in the seed - agronomic crop in South Carolina - crop on the Arkansas River bottom land * are an important source of dietary protein and edible oil throughout the world - protein for animals * are an inexpensive crop as far as fertilizer goes - with a number of uses in the food and beverage industry - anti-cancer - any of the species belonging to the taxonomic genus glycine - artifacts - at the second to fourth trifoliate - capable of tolerating high insect populations without reducing yields - cheaper to plant, and their yield is less dependent on timely rains - cholesterol-free and low in saturated fat - close enough to maturity that spider mite control has essentially stopped * are concentrated energy - sources of isoflavones - considered to be a self-pollinating legume * are easy to grow and production is on the rise around the world - thresh, separate and clean - edible only after cooking with water - equal to protein found in meat and milk, in both protein content and quality - especially iron-rich * are excellent foragers for nutrients - scavengers of P at medium or higher soil test levels - generally blooming, however plant growth is less than normal * are ground, mixed with water and a buffer agent - then mixed with water and a buffer agent * are high in fiber and provide more non-animal protein than any food - phytic acid, present in the bran or hulls of all seeds - protein and other nutrients * are high in protein, and are also a decent source of both carbs and fat - carbohydrates and dietary fiber - fat, calcium, and phosphorous - highly nutritious and produce fairly well in many areas of Texas * are in full bloom - flower, with many fields showing moisture stress - the beginning bloom state - inter-related to various products and compete with many alternatives - knee-high and flowering well - legumes native to eastern Asia - legumes, members of the same plant family that includes other beans, peas, and lentils - low in fat and saturated fat and they have no cholesterol * are low in saturated fat and free of cholesterol, but rich in high quality protein - and, like all plant foods, contains no cholesterol - more affected more than corn * are more sensitive to phenoxy injury when they are in a rapidly growing vegetative state - starter fertilizer burn than corn is - mostly yellow and starting to drop leaves * are naturally deficient in methionine - low in fat and cholesterol and high in fiber - now the second most important crop for U.S. farmers, after corn - often a component of animal feeds, particularly poultry feeds - one of the major crops affected by utility emissions * are one of the most complete foods on earth - important sources of dietary saponins - world's most popular crop plants * are part of at least one third of all foods - particularly sensitive to dicamba - perhaps the most important legume, supplying carbohydrate as well as oil and protein - plants that contain the phytoestrogens, and soy flour derivative of the soybean - popular in food manufacturing because of their versatility * are rich in fat - soluble fiber - various bioactive plant compounds - self-pollinating, so the wind poses no genetic contamination - sensitive to alkaline, poorly drained soils * are small, green, oval-shaped legumes that grow in pods, like peas, on the soybean plant - round, brown or black beans with a unique nutrition profile - susceptible to the southern blight fungus anytime from emergence through pod fill - tender warm-weather legumes * are the agricultural crop - basis of a new diesel fuel additive that has been shown to reduce engine wear - leading agricultural export of both countries - major food source of naturally occurring isoflavones - more drought tolerant crop * are the most potent anticancer legume - widely grown oilseed in the world * are the only crop that has more protein - significant dietary source of genistein and daidzein - vegetable that contain complete protein with all eight amino acids - principle cash crop * are the second largest cash crop grown in Ontario after grain corn - in America - crop produced in the United States - source of soy protein, a major protein source worldwide - state's top crop in terms of money earned, with corn second - third largest cash crop for Indiana farmers * are tolerant after the first trifoliate-leaf stage - of poor soil * are unique among beans because they are a concentrated source of isoflavones - contain compounds called isoflavones - usedto make such diverse products as spun meat concentrates and icecream - variable but most are growing nicely - vegetables * are very high in protein and are used in poultry feed as they are considered plant protein - unique plants in the sense that they can range immensely in size - vulnerable to several kinds of nematodes, especially soybean cyst nematodes * are well into flower and pod development - full bloom and beginning pod filling - yellowing and dropping their leaves as the pods start to mature * belong to the family of legumes - the same family as peas and lentils - legume family, which also includes peas and lentils * can also give texture to foods - cross-pollinate with other members of the same genus, Glycine, which are found in Asia - make excellent forage and are better suited for late warm-season plantings - out-grow the light infections - withstand dry weather better than many crops - work as pretty good source of energy and protein in the diets of cattle and sheep * commonly used legume in the Asian diet. * compete with both of the major rendered by-products, protein and grease. * contain a compound called genistein that is found only in soybeans - that is only found in soyfoods called genistein - fair amount of both soluble and insoluble fibers - significant quantity of estrogen-like compounds called isoflavones - unique group of phyto chemicals, isoflavones - an enzyme called urease that breaks down urea into ammonia - chemicals that are similar to estrogen - high levels of phytoestrogens * contain high-quality protein and calcium which are necessary to build strong bones - calcium, which are needed for building strong bones * contain isoflavones, a group of compounds that have a cholesterol-lowering effect - substance that looks and acts like estrogen in the body - many substances that are anticarcinogens, including lignans and phytoestrogens - protease inhibitor, a powerful anticancer compound - some of the best protein and can be eaten also in the form of tofu - the plant version of estrogen, known as phytoestrogens * contains a family of chemical compounds called phytoestrogens. * continue to flower and pod - set pods - grow vegetatively during the flowering and podding stages * develop best in cooler temperatures. * do no include production grown for hay. * don t respond to early planting like corn. * dry very quickly after reaching maturity. * fall into the meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nut group of the food pyramid. * follow wheat in a double cropping system. * form the basis of several fermented foods. * generate notoriously little surface residue. * good nitrogen fixer. * grow best in loose, well-drained soil rich in organic matter * grown under good conditions are remarkably tolerant of defoliation damage. * has about a billion bases. * have a high demand for nitrogen - higher concentration of isoflavones than any other edible source - primary taproot that drills down into the soil, holding the plant in place * have a unique ability to yield well when planted over an extended time period - protein composition - as much protein as beef or chicken, with no cholesterol and almost no saturated fat - better administrative data for correcting production annually than other crops - hormones for protection against cellular damage - significant capacity to yield with reduced stand counts - some natural advantages, over corn, in Ontario - ten times the calcium of meat and twice that of eggs, and soybeans are low in fat - the most protein - three types of leaves * help to ward off cancer and are a good source of natural estrogen. * helps people feel better and live longer with an enhanced quality of life. * high-protein vegetable, which can replace meat in the diet. * inhibit mammary tumors in models of breast cancer. * is native to southeast Asia and is now cultivated. * is one of the all-time favorite foods of deer - most important commercial crops around the world and in the United States - prominent food items of Asian diet plan * is the only host for the brown stem rot fungus - plant that grows in the United States and is sexually compatible with soybean - world's most important legume * isoflavones trigger a calcium influx in Phytophthora sojae. * leave soil more susceptible to erosion than does corn. * member of the genus Glycine. * offer protein and fat along with carbohydrates. * once established have tolerance to many residual cotton herbicides. * produce determinate nodules with a center comprising infected and uninfected cells - highest yields on soils with good internal and surface drainage * provide a major source of vegetable oil and high-protein feed supplements for livestock - the basis for low fat sources of protein such as tofu, miso, and soymilk * range from the first trifoliate to early flower - just emerged to the third trifoliate stage * ranks second in the state in overall sales value of crops. * remain off color due to high soil moisture levels. * remove large amounts of potassium from the soils. * reproduce by seed. * require fewer input costs, such as fuel, fertilizer and chemicals, than corn - moderate amounts of plant food for high yields - relatively large amounts of phosphorus - sufficient heat and sufficient moisture to ensure growth, maintenance to harvest - very little additional N because they fix most of their own nitrogen * respond to residual fertility if soil pH level is monitored. * seem to be relatively insensitive to the time of year of potassium application - react the opposite with below average yields * set pods on the entire stem. * stems infected with Sclerotinia stem rot turn from brown to tan to a bleached color. * succeed in nearly all types of soil but grows in fertile or sandy loam. * suffer less than corn during hot or dry weather. * temporarily remove damaging carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere - take damaging carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere * tends to be more seriously injured by broadleaf herbicides than grass herbicides. * thrive best on the soils of our Corn Belt. * vary greatly in both physical appearance and chemical composition. * very healthy legume which contains a high amount of protein. * yield an astonishing twenty times more protein per acre that grazed beef.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed \| soybean: Edible soybean * Edible Soybeans are a very tasty and nutritious podded bean. * are very popular cuisine in Japan. * produces clusters of pods with green beans inside. Raw soybean * contain a protein inhibitor, which ties up the availability of the protein - the enzyme urease, which breaks down urea to ammonia - toxic compounds that reduce pig performance * have a compound that inhibits protein digestion. Whole soybean * are high in protein, fiber, minerals and fat - similar in cost to soybean meal protein used in feed rations - usually mixed with a grain such as rice or millet * contain a range of important nutrients. * supply the animal with both protein and energy in condensed forms. Sprouted seed * are a favorite especially among the smaller birds - good source of vitamins - also a great source of vitamin C, carotenoid A, B vitamins, and minerals - much different from dry seeds * is also of value to moulting birds, which have an increased protein requirement - good for both pets and breeders and can be fed daily Sprouting seed * are very durable, as long as they are kept cool and dry. * can reduce the fat levels and add some vitamins. * contain catalase, peroxidase and reductase. * is an activity that takes place over several days.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Sunflower seed * Most sunflower seeds contain b vitamins - many nutrients * Most sunflower seeds have fiber - husks * Most sunflower seeds provide necessary nutrients * Some sunflower seeds contain oil. * Some sunflower seeds have calcium minerals - reduce inflammation * are a common example of achenes. * are a good source of magnesium - nutrition, but can be fattening - popular fat source - staple - adored by budgerigars - also high in fat - an excellent source of vitamin E , the body's primary fat-soluble antioxidant - another good source of natural Selenium - easy for small hands to manipulate - economical and provide a good source of protein - graded according to size and separated into groups - high in fat and low in calcium - one of the few crops where production has increased substantially - packed with nutrition and high in unsaturated fat * are rich in iron and low in saturated fat - protein, oil, and several nutrients - usually a dark brown to black, or large, grey and white striped * attract many types of birds, including evening grosbeaks, blue jays and chickadees. * attracts several kinds of birds - the greatest variety of birds * come in six different types. * competes with soybeans in both meal and oil markets. * contains useful chemicals like linoleic acid. * grow into mature flowers after two to three months. * have an extremely long shelf life * is sensitive to salts in fertilizers - the major industrial crop * react with the base properties of baking powder to cause a green reaction. * sprout overnight and alfalfa sprouts take only a few days. * tend to be very high in protein, and, there for, fattening. * works well as feed. Thistle seed * are very small. * is tiny and expensive, and it is the favorite food of the American goldfinch. * provide food for the goldfinches. Tiny seed * are dispersed by wind. * look like grain. True seed * contains many different progeny that have many different traits. * possesses an embryo in a dormant state. Vegetable seed * Most vegetable seeds germinate in three to six days - produce food - remain viable for three to five years when stored properly * are sown for immediate germination in the season appropriate for the crop. Wet seed * are a breeding ground for a fungus that causes a potentially-fata bird infection. * can sometimes germinate prematurely or become moldy even in the refrigerator. Willow seed * are distributed widely by wind and water - from fruits found only on the female trees * have long hairs that can be carried long distances by wind or water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit \| seed: Winged seed * are designed for flight and come in a variety of sizes and shapes. * attract birds and other wildlife. Seedless fruit * Most seedless fruit has texture. * Some seedless fruit grows in landscapes. * develops occasionally, but most fruit have some seeds. * has firm texture Seedpod * are spiny and readily shatter - two-seeded, splitting across the middle * form in sets of two and have a distinct horseshoe shape. * is fruit Small fruit * Most small fruit contains seeds - holds seeds - turns color * are a favorite of birds. * has sweet taste * holds many small seeds * is limited to strawberries and cranberries. - purple color Soft fruit * Most soft fruit contains seeds. * have a very short shelf life. * tend to have an over ripe appearance. Spherical fruit * Most spherical fruit appears during rainy seasons * Some spherical fruit contains nuts. Star fruit * is common in the south of Asia , Australia and all of the islands around Australia - edible fruit - rich in vitamin C, potassium and fiber + Carambola: Tropical fruit * The fruit grows on trees that are native to India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Star fruit is common in the south of Asia, Australia and all of the islands around Australia. The tree is also grown in tropic islands. Sweet fruit * are large, firm, sweet, and hold their color under high temperatures. * fuel the system with glucose. Tree fruit * All tree fruits require pollination to produce a crop. * account for the majority of antibiotic use on plants in the United States. * are defiantly different. * require a deep well drained soil that holds moisture. Tropical fruit * Most tropical fruit includes bananas. * are abundant, as are avocados - also important - everywhere - generally more tart than temperate kinds - one of the most favourite and exotic fruits ever - specially fragil * grow abundantly - extensively along the coast - pineapple, melon and banana, all of which show up frequently in white wines White fruit * is eaten by birds in fall. * represent the brilliance from whence all colored fruits come. Whole fruit * are higher in fiber than fruit juices. * has more fiber and less sugar - fibre than juice * is better than juice because of the fiber it contains. * provide fiber that juices lack. * reduces calories, adds fiber, and increases feelings of fullness. Wild fruit * Most wild fruit contains fructose. * Some wild fruit is eaten by monkeys. * eaten by rural people include monkey oranges, amatungulu and wild plum.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Kernel * Some kernels are part of almonds - beeches - cashews - chestnuts - grain - peanuts - soybeans - walnuts - wheat - become plants - contain water * Some kernels grow embryos - plant embryos - have fluid * are content - generally spherical but vary in size and shape - laxative stimulant, and sudorific * are part of operating systems - siblings housed on the same ear and so naturally have many different colors * comes from the same word as corn. * contain a very hard endosperm with only a small portion of soft starch. * have a soft texture and crushed kernels produce floury particles - flavour * have hard outer shells - high test weight, groat percent, and whole oat protein - ingredients like protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate ash and oil * includes sections. * is content * is used in gravel - stone and gravel * look like almonds - jewelry in bright, glowing colors, high in anti-oxidants * vary in color from yellow, red, orange, black and bronze. ### plant part \| kernel: Apricot kernel * Most apricot kernels contain a form of cyanide poison which accounts for their bitterness. * look like almonds. Infected kernel * are fragile and easily break open to release the teliospores. * vary in color from light to dark brown. White kernel * Some white kernels have pink caps or pink stripes. * are larger and more plump than red wheat kernels.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Leaf * Every leaf has to allow a flow of gases in and out of the plant, as well as the exit of water vapor. * Leaves absorb carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata - energy - sunlight - accumulate glutamine, malate and ammonia when they are exposed to air - adapt to ambient conditions in a variety of ways - affected by norflurazon develop a unique, characteristic white color * Leaves also come in different shapes and sizes - contain carotene, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid - provide winter protection for tree roots - take in carbon dioxide from the air * Leaves appear in the spring and die back in the summer - on stems - are a stuffing material for pillows - they impart a pleasant scent and also repel moths * Leaves are also a major site of carbohydrate and mineral storage - toxic, but to a lesser degree - always more digestible than stems so more leaves equals more energy - deciduous, turning red before they fall in autumn - different sizes depending on where they grow on the tree - difficult to decay - emetic and their juice with black pepper is used in headache - especially poisonous in the spring, up to the time the plant flowers * Leaves are green because leaves, or chlorophyll inside the leaves, reflects green light - of the process of photosynthesis - they contain small bodies in the cells called chloroplasts - hard to digest, so sloths have special large stomachs - high in protein, and supplement diets as a vegetable in Northeast Brazil - less aromatic than other species - mesophyllous, and shade leaves, tend to be covered with epiphytic growth - more nutritious than stems - most photosynthetically active when they reach full expansion - mostly deciduous, only very few alders are evergreen - nodes without any branches - one of the easiest landscape wastes to compost - only one of the structures preserved in the fossil record * Leaves are produced by bean plants - slower to mature and reach full photosynthetic productivity * Leaves are small and puckered, and plants become severely stunted - the plants fail to make normal growth - spicer than parsley, use to flavor fowl, meats and spicy dishes * Leaves are the best year-round source of protein in the rain forest - dominant organic waste in most backyard compost piles - major plant organ of interest for grazing - means by which the trees gather carbon dioxide, and give off oxygen - most common wastes in backyard compost piles - power generators that supply energy for growth - site of the food making process called photosynthesis - sites of photosynthesis - tremendously diverse in shape, size, and shades of green - verbs that conjugate the seasons - very large, and plants possess an upright growth habit - where green plants make their food * Leaves arise from rhizomes - short stems - underground stems - woody stems * Leaves attract deer - insects - pollinators * Leaves become less toxic as the growing season advances - twisted, and twig dieback can occur during heavy infestations - begin to lose the chlorophyll that gives the green color * Leaves can act as a laxative or can induce vomiting - cause dermatitis - have different shapes - spiral into an amazing helix when mature * Leaves change color when plants stop producing the green pigment, leaving the red or gold color - color, snow falls, and spring brings back the greenery - colors, usually from green to red, orange, yellow and brown - changing colors and falling off in autumn is one of the great adaptations of trees - cling to dead shoots - collect energy from the sun * Leaves come and go with the seasons but the roots survive through the winters of our civilization - from trees * Leaves come in many different shapes and sizes - conserve, store water, and insulate against heat * Leaves contain a substance called chlorophyll that traps the sun's energy - cellulose - chlorophyll pigment - higher prussic acid levels than stems * Leaves contain oxalic acid and soluble oxalates that can cause death - acid, which is injurious, if eaten in large quantities - phloem - photosynthetic tissue - the glucoside, syringin - vascular tissue - xylem phloem - cover with layers - curl and thicken, plants become yellow and unthrifty - curl, shrivel and die - decay if continually kept underwater - decrease in size as they ascend the stem - deter weevils and oil flavors condiments, meat products and liqueurs * Leaves develop during springs - from axils * Leaves die and fall - as do entire plants if stems are girdled - back in frost - from base of plant - differ from most in that they are heart shaped rather than divided into leaflets - display a wide range of genetically and developmentally regulated variation in shape - droop and lose their luster, birds and insects become quiet, and even the air is still - drop from trees - emerge from buds * Leaves emerge in fall and by the time they bloom they are gone - late springs * Leaves emit a distinctive odor when crushed - milky sap when broken - an unpleasant odor, especially when touched - enrich the soil's nutrients and quality for maximum root growth * Leaves expose to full sunlight - fall down to the ground * Leaves fall from avocado trees - bushes and trees * Leaves fall off after frost - during drought or cold conditions - when all the cells break down and harden at the point of attachment to the branches * Leaves feed butterflies - herbivores * Leaves float in shallow water - fold upon touch, or being burned or otherwise stimulated * Leaves form mosaic patterns - whorl patterns - function in food storage and can act as protection, as in bulbs - get thick, curl, become brittle * Leaves give the soil more bulk than any other compostable matter - trees the energy for growing roots - gradually die, beginning on the lower part of the plant * Leaves grow at tips - grind surfaces - in groups and emerge from the water on stalks * Leaves grow on single stems - twigs attached to limbs that grow out of branches out of the main trunk * Leaves have a definite life span, as do tillers - appearances - bitter taste - bluish color - blunt tips - brown spots - chemical properties - components - cuticles - distinct shapes - drip tips - ecological importance - edges - effects - epidermises - features - hairy petioles - heart shapes - impact - light texture - long petioles - low proteins - lower surfaces - major impact * Leaves have many medicinal values as well - purposes beyond giving fullness of beauty to the trees * Leaves have mottle appearances * Leaves have pale spots - yellow spots - realistic appearances - round tips - same effects - shiny surfaces - sides - significant effects * Leaves have similar appearances - slender petioles * Leaves have small brown spots * Leaves have smooth surfaces - spicy aroma - spine edges - springy texture - thick cuticles - thin cuticles - tough texture - two main parts, the blade and the petiole or leafstalk - upper epidermises - waxy surfaces - white spots - help plants - hold water * Leaves includes leaf shapes - leak a milky, sticky juice when broken * Leaves look like green leaves * Leaves make flavor tea - food for the plant - manufacture the sugars and other compounds that serve as food for plants - meet stems - normally take up to two years to decay * Leaves perform functions - important functions - photosynthesise, making sugars * Leaves produce digestive enzymes - produced by infected corms turn yellow prematurely and die - protect buds * Leaves provide a large surface area for photosynthesis - habitats - important nutrients to the soil * Leaves reduce evaporation - water evaporation - reflect light from the green part of the spectrum - remain on trees - require sunlight - reveal their autumn colors as chlorophyll breaks down and other pigments are unmasked - roll up when dead * Leaves serve dual purposes - same purposes - various purposes * Leaves show characteristics - maximum photosynthesis - typical features - slow the erosive force of rain by intercepting and slowing precipitation - stand out from surfaces in shelf-like appearance - start to droop as the soil dries out, then quickly revive after watering - stay on plants - stimulate the heart - stop producing chlorophyll which is needed to absorb light - store nutrients - surround flowers - take up carbon as Roots take up the nitrogen * Leaves turn a splendor of color - bright red in response to age, shade, or frost - brown and fall off deciduous trees in the Autumn - colors and fall to the ground - copper - deep rust color - reddish color - turning red prematurely in mid-summer on a lone branch are an early sign of dogwood borers - typically twist as they become completely necrotic - undergo photosynthesis * Leaves use air, water and sunlight - light energy to make sugars out of carbon dioxide from the air - more energy for respiration than they can produce for photosynthesis - vary in shapes * Many leaves are edible and are eaten by animals, birds, and humans - begin to turn before frost occurs * More leaves provide more protein and minerals. * Most leaf eating insects are in their larval, worm-like stage. * Most leaves are broad and very thin, but they have many different shapes - green during the growing season - more iodine rich than root vegetables - have stomata, which open and close * Some leaf infecting fungi cause very conspicuous symptoms. * Some leaves are red when they are young but eventually turn green - used to store energy in bulbs - change color weeks before the first icy nights * Some leaves have a third part called the stipules - different coloured pigmentation apart from or as well as green - produce plantlets that develop into entire plants - require water to boil and brew for specific amounts of time * ants making and guarding a nest in the mangroves. * are companies * are located in compost piles - floral arrangements - lawns - parks - roofs - streets - near trees - made of chlorophyll * are part of flowers - sheets * are used for photosynthesis * attributes as indices of fruit quality in prune tree canopies. * burning anywhere is illegal under state law - leads to air pollution, health problems and fire hazard * stalk borer and petiole borer cause the same type of injury. + Alder: Trees :: Betulaceae * Alder' is the common name for about 30 kinds of trees and shrubs of the 'Alnus' genus. Most of them are smaller in size. Leaves are mostly deciduous, only very few alders are evergreen. + Easter eggplant: Vegetables :: Fruits :: Solanum * Leaves are wavy at the edges. + Heliantheae: Asteraceae * Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but there are some that grow to the size of small trees. Leaves are usually hairy and arranged in opposite pairs. The anthers are usually black. + Leaf, Leaf adaptations: Plant anatomy * Some leaves are used to store energy in bulbs. An example is the onion. + Plantain, Use of parts other than the fruit, Plantain leaves: Fruits :: Musaceae * The leaves are usually easy to find in Venezuela. They are sold at grocery stores, and they can be bought on the open-air markets there. Leaves can be very big, over in length. They are also used to simulate appetite, as they have a distinctive smell when hot food is placed on them. + Sign: Human communication :: Semiotics * A natural sign shows something significant. Leaves turn brown and fall off deciduous trees in the Autumn. It suggests Winter is coming. A pain suggests something is wrong with your health. * A 'leaf' is an above-ground plant organ. Its main functions are photosynthesis and gas exchange. A leaf is often flat, so it absorbs the most light, and thin, so that the sunlight can get to the chloroplasts in the cells. Most leaves have stomata, which open and close. They regulate carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour exchange with the atmosphere. * Leaves come in many shapes and sizes. The biggest undivided leaf is that of a giant edible aroid. This lives in marshy parts of the tropical rain forest of Borneo. BBC Books, London. + Translocation (botany), Transport of organic products: Plant physiology * Leaves photosynthesise, making sugars. This creating pressure that pushes the sap down the sieve tube. When the sugar reaches cells that need it, the cells actively transport sugars out of the sieve-tube elements.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| leaf: Clover leaf * Clover leaves refer to the agriculture. * refers to closeness with nature. Dandelion green * Dandelion Greens are nutrient rich vegetables that cleanse the body. * are a great addition to make sauces or dips - an excellent source of vitamin A, iron and calcium - extremely important for jack rabbits - well-loved by guinea pigs * can be sauteed, boiled and eaten raw - too bitter for some people's taste * have a bitter taste and are very cleansing. * is green. Dead leaf * Dead leaves are an important source of energy for river ecosystems. * Dead leaves fall from trees - to the ground, which helps to control brown spot fungus - make good mulches in flower beds or among vegetables as do wood chips * are located in forests - piles Fall leaf * Fall leaves are the perfect fuel for fires, since they are generally dry and crisp - can also help keep weeds away * are located in lawns - streets<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| leaf: Flower petal * Most flower petals fall off plants - stay on plants * Some flower petals attract insects - pollinate insects - expose pollen - look like human faces - reflect ultraviolet light in startling patterns * are a substitute for saffron - very important part of flowers - edible and a fine addition to soups, potages, salads, or as a garnish * coat the forest floor. * have black dots on their margins. * possess an above average frost resistance. * reduce the fitness of male sterile dandelion plants. Green leaf * Green leaves are green. * Green leaves contain chlorophyll, which is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth * Green leaves have bitter taste - sweet taste - signify abundance, good health, and happiness - surround flowers * Green leaves turn color - deep rust color - red in fall, green up again in spring * is popular fodder, particularly in rainy seasons for goats. Greenery * Greeneries are leafs. * also helps mitigate the polluted storm runoff that plagues area streams. * is filled with flowers - needed for photosynthesis - plentiful with native and ornamental trees and shrubbery - thought to promote creativity * part of our national identity. Infect leaf * Infect leaves drop from trees * Infect leaves have pale spots - yellow spots Infected leaf * Infected leaves curl upward and soon become covered with a powdery coating of spores - drop early, leaving a sparse tree well into fall * Infected leaves have a water-soaked appearance - an upright habit of growth and the veins turn yellow and begin to clear * Infected leaves turn brown along the leaf margin or tip - gray and eventually wither and fall from the tree Longer leaf * blades protect roots from the sun and help retain moisture. * blades shade roots and help retain moisture - the soil and help retain moisture Mature leaf * Mature leaves contain cellulose. * Mature leaves have cuticles - thick cuticles Microsporophyll * bear two to eight microsporangia. * erupt between two bracts when sporangia mature. Sporophyll * Some sporophylls are arranged in cone structures called strobili. * are leaves that bear sporangia - specialized leaves that produce sporangia * bear an adaxial, elliptical sporangium * vary greatly in structure.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Meristem * Most meristems contribute to growth - produce shoots * Some meristems develop into buds. * Some meristems grow into buds - flower buds - have growth patterns * Some meristems have indeterminate growth patterns * are areas within the tree where growth occurs - organised cellular structures capable of indeterminate growth - plant tissue * are regions of active cell division in plants from which new primary growth arises - embryonic tissue capable of growing into new plant parts * are zones of continuous cell division located at the tips of stems and roots in plants - intense activity * confer the capacity for indeterminate growth of the plant. * form xylem. * includes sections. * is plant tissue<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| meristem: Apical meristem * are responsible for primary growth or increase in length - the primary growth of roots and shoots - very small, compared to the cylinder-shaped lateral meristems * give rise to three primary meristems. * increase the length of stems and roots, and produce flowers. * is responsible for primary root and stem growth in vascular plants. * occur at the tips of roots and shoots. + Meristem, Apical meristem: Plant anatomy * Specifically, an active apical meristem lays down a growing root or shoot behind itself, pushing itself forward. Apical meristems are very small, compared to the cylinder-shaped lateral meristems. The shoot apical meristem'. Cambridge University Press. Intercalary meristem * are found in some a. conifers. * continue stem elongation after other parts have matured. Primary meristem * are the apical meristems on root tips and shoot tips. * make the shoot or root grow longer. + Vascular cambium: Plant anatomy :: Vascular plants * Primary meristems are the apical meristems on root tips and shoot tips. Another lateral meristem is the cork cambium, which produces cork, part of the bark. Secondary meristem * develop after primary meristems. * make the stem or root grow larger in diameter.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Mycelium * Most myceliums contain haploid nuclei * Most myceliums grow in substrate - suitable substrate * Most myceliums have barriers - color - outer barriers - meet haploid myceliums * Most myceliums produce basidiocarps - mushrooms - pigment - sporangiums * Some myceliums absorb nutrients - water * Some myceliums are part of candidiasis - fungi - mold - puffballs - thrushes - toadstools - truffles - contain pigment - enter leaves * Some myceliums grow into xylem - surfaces - have characters * Some myceliums improve functions - immune functions - penetrate tissue * includes hyphae ### plant part \| mycelium: Haploid mycelium * Most haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums * Some haploid myceliums absorb nutrients.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Ovary * Most ovaries contain many ovules - single ovules * Most ovaries have dual roles - produce estrogens * Most ovaries produce female hormone estrogens - hormones - sex hormones - removed are either normal or have benign disease * Most ovaries secrete female hormones - reproductive hormones - progesterone - sex hormone estrogens - substances * Ovaries also secrete the important reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone. * Ovaries are a French egg dish made with cheese - about the size of an almond - also the primary source of estrogen - attached to the kidneys - epigynous - gonads - much more than egg production factories - outside vesicles * Ovaries are part of carpels - females - the reproductive system needed to reproduce sexually - small oval organs situated in the abdominal cavity just ventral to the kidneys * Ovaries are the female gonads, which produce eggs - parental tissue in which ovules are formed - part of the flower, which produces eggs that are needed for making seeds - become swollen and painful - degenerate during fetal life, in other respects anatomically female - frequently contain poorly developed eggs and males often have sperm in their sperm ducts - globose, glabrous * Ovaries includes placentas - sections - increase progesterone for an embryo - make female hormones and grow eggs inside tiny follicles - often appear pale and enlarged and have an infiltration of amyloid - perform a number of important functions * Ovaries produce both estrogen and progesterone - estrogen and without it, incomplete sexual development occurs - estrogen, which is linked to tumor growth - estrogens and progesterone a * Ovaries secrete both estrogen and progesterone , and also androgens such as testosterone - show changes which are indistinguishable from polycystic ovaries * Ovaries start producing estrogen and levels rise, while progesterone remains low - releasing matured eggs - tend to be active in the latter half of the year * Some ovaries are part of anemones - angiosperms - blossoms - bluebottles - carnation - catkins - daisies - dicotyledons - florets - helianthuses - marigolds - monocots - orchids - poppies - snapdragons - snowdrops - sunflowers - vanillas - wildflowers * Some ovaries contain embryos - grow embryos - primary follicles - develop into seeds * Some ovaries have cysts - large cysts - look like fruit - mature into fruit * Some ovaries produce dominant follicles - single dominant follicles - protect seeds - resemble grapes - surround ovules * sex organ ### plant part \| ovary: Basal ovary * Basal ovaries contain ovules. * Most basal ovaries contain ovules.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Ovule * Most ovules are fertilized by pollen - produced by ovaries - undergo mitosis * Some ovules become fruit. * Some ovules contain archegoniums - female gametophytes * Some ovules develop follicles * Some ovules fall from trees - off trees - grow into seeds * are attached to the ovary by a cushion like structures called placenta - born on the distal ends of megasporophylls - borne by the infolded margins of each carpel * are enclosed by a fused integument and nucellus - within the carpels of ovary Which later gets modified in to fruit - in the ovary - inside the ovary and develop into seeds - orthotropus with a distinct caruncle - partly or completely covered by a fleshy aril - present in large number inside the ovary - protected within the ovary - ripened to form seeds while ovary is ripened to form fruit - small eggs * become seeds and seeds have cotyledons - the surrounding ovary develops into the fruit * contain gametophytes which contain egg cells - the female gamete of a plant * continue to develop and fertilization takes place after ovules fall to the ground. * generally occur in pairs. * includes sections. * is an egg cell * later become seeds. * missed by the wasp, if pollinated, produce a seed in the normal way. * occur along the entire inner surface. Phloem - sieve tubes * is vascular tissue * performs functions. * transports nutrients. ### plant part \| phloem: Primary phloem * develops by longitudinal division and subsequent elongation of meristematic cells. * transports the sucrose from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Secondary phloem * creates the greatest increase in the diameter of a woody stem. * tissue that can contain either resin ducts or laticifers. Pinecone * Some pinecones are part of pine - pinyons * are also a favourite hiding spot for little beasties such as spiders and earwigs - located in state parks * reproductive structure<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Pistil * Most pistils are fertilized by pollen. * Most pistils consist of sticky stigma * Most pistils contain ovules - grow fruit - have stigma - produce pollen * Some pistils become fruit - contain seeds * Some pistils have ovules - turn brown and some big leaves at the bottom turn yellow - hairless - made of one carpel or more than one assembled carpels - usually larger and longer than normal and occasionally become abnormally shaped * have ovoid ovaries covered by short, stiff, glandular hairs<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| pistil: Carpel * Some carpels are part of anemones - angiosperms - blossoms - bluebottles - buds - carnation - catkins - daisies - dicotyledons - florets - flowers - helianthuses - marigolds - monocots - orchids - poppies - snapdragons - snowdrops - sunflowers - vanillas - wildflowers - consist of stigma * Some carpels contain ovules * are made up of ovaries, which contain reproductive cells called ovules - numerous and arranged on an elongate receptacle in cone-like fashion - part of flowers * are the female reproductive parts of a flower - innermost of the four whorls of modified leaves that make up a flower - united so that a compound ovary often contains as many cavities as there are carpels * bear ovules, which are structures with the potential to develop into seeds. * often fuse to form a single structure, which some botanists call the pistil. * produce female sex cells in ovules inside ovaries - megaspores, which produce female gametophytes + Apple, Botanical information: Rosaceae * Blossoms come out in spring at the same time that the leaves begin to bud. The flowers are white. They also have a slightly pink color. The fruit matures in autumn. There are five carpels arranged in a star in the middle of the fruit. Every carpel has one to three seeds.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Placenta * acts as a partial barrier to infection at term as well as earlier during pregnancy. * increta the villi are in the muscle wall. * is actually a temporary organ - another target tissue especially for lead, cadmium and mercury - in the upper pole of the uterus and without evident pathology - now one-sixth of fetal weight * lobulated structure which contains cotyledons. * percreta the villi are through the muscle wall, usually into bladder wall. * potent barrier and transmission occurs at the time of childbirth. * separates from the uterine wall and gets expelled by mild, irregular contractions. * tissue formed by the cells from the embryo and the mother. ### plant part \| placenta: Retained placenta * are more common in dairy breeds than in beef breeds. * common cause of laminitis. * is thought to be influenced by electrolyte concentrations.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Root * All root rot pathogens are soil-borne, meaning that they survive in substrates and debris - roots take up phosphorus * Many roots stretch out over the surface, rather than burrowing underground. * Most roots absorb nitrate - nutrients - water * Most roots are harvested in autumn - springs - produced by plants - spindle shaped with smaller appendages - arise from seeds - cause growth - consist of roots * Most roots contain fiber - juice - milky juice - powerful nutrients - proteins - develop from seeds * Most roots emerge from germinate seeds - stems * Most roots grow in areas - into trees - laterally rather than downward - up to feet * Most roots have a dark line or dent in their surface - buds - dormant buds - light brown tips - minerals - nodes - rapid growth - texture * Most roots help plants * Most roots make growth - vigorous growth - meet trunks - originate from seeds * Most roots produce chemicals - lateral roots - shoots - tubers - vertical shoots - provide nutrients - require from three to six weeks to dry sufficiently to be safe - take up water * Some roots also have a storage function, for example carrots and sweet potatoes. * Some roots are also important storage organs - eaten by cattle - harvested in years - submerged in water * Some roots arise from myceliums - primary myceliums - become food * Some roots cause liver damage - tree root problems - come from plants * Some roots consist of rhizomes - thicken rhizomes * Some roots contain acid - active compounds - allergen - chlorophyll - magnesium - matter - natural sugar - nitrogen * Some roots contain numerous active compounds - phloem - polysaccharides - sodium - various compounds - xylem phloem * Some roots develop at surfaces - from buds - into flowers - large tubers - end up on rocks, baking in the sun - fall from trees - float in water - form hollow trunks - go very deep into the ground * Some roots grow from bottoms - terminal buds - soil surfaces - upwards until they are sticking out of the water in order to reach oxygen * Some roots have chlorophyll - flesh - foul smell - green chlorophyll - necks - substances - wood - yellow flesh - help grow pumpkins - make leaves * Some roots produce bitter fruit * Some roots provide food - microbial habitats - nursery habitats - saturate water - resemble corn * Some roots survive anaerobic conditions - in frozen soil - take up substances - yield leaves. * go very deep into the ground. One root that was found in Arizona, USA, was 60 m below the surface. * are also very strong. Some tree roots can destroy stones. Roots are not green because the cells have no chlorophyll * Take up moisture and nutrients. * absorb and transport water and minerals from the soil to the rest of the tree - mineral nutrients as ions in soil water - the water and minerals from the soil * absorb water and dissolved minerals - mineral salts from the soil * absorb water and minerals from the soil and transport to the stem - soil for the plant - soil that are important for the plants * absorb water and nutrients and provide support for the plant - from the surrounding soil using the process of osmosis * act like straws absorbing water and minerals from the soil. * adhere to the potting medium and the plant absorbs water from the bark. * affected by salt toxicity often die, killing the plant. * also allow the shoot system to grow taller. * also anchor the plant firmly in the soil - portion of the tree above ground * also develop at the terminal nodes of rhizomes that emerge above the soil as shoots - near drainage holes and soil surface as a result of oxygen starvation - expand through the soil by growing at their tips as a result of apical meristems - grow out of the bud downwards into the soil - have growth tissue, bark, and wood * also help hold a tree in place - keep the plant intact, and strong - represent stored energy to produce new plant tissue - serve to anchor the plant in the soil * also stabilize the plant, and keep it from being blown or washed away - it from bring blown or washed away on Earth * also store food for the plant - food, synthesize hormones, and provide support - take food and water from the soil to feed the plants - use osmosis to draw in key minerals and nutrients required for plant growth * anchor a plant and are used to absorb water and minerals from the soil - in place, dissolve nutrients, and absorb water * anchor a plant in the ground and hold it against the wind or frost heaving in the winter - soil, absorb water and minerals, and store food - the plant and absorb materials * anchor the plant in the ground, and provide support - soil and are the way it absorbs water and nutrients - soil, collect water and soil nutrients and store carbohydrates - plant, pass water to the stem from the rootlets and store food for future use * anchored in soil enable growing plants to remain upright. * are a plants means of getting water and nutrients from the ground. * are able to penetrate deeper, resulting in healthier plant growth - take in food nearly as fast as the plant is able to use it - active when the foliage first pokes through the ground * are also shallow because of wet soil conditions - the main agents in making the soil lighter and more open because of their probing - are fibrous with two or more thickened roots * are basic to growth, development and expansion - units of meaning in Esperanto - clearly more sensitive to auxin concentration than are coleoptiles - composed of large amounts of corky secondary tissue consisting of phellogen - decayed and blackened - designed to take water up - directed in their growth by the amounts of water, air, and nutrients available for uptake - dynamic, growing and casting off cells and navigating soil cavities and rough surfaces - easier to remove completely when the soil is moist and loose - edible - essentially shallow, even on big trees - fleshy and brittle and a dark brown colour on the outside, and white on the inside - forms - fully dry when they are brittle - greedy, traveling far beyond the tree canopy - summer - when the leaves start to die back in the fall- but before a frost * are important because they help to hold the plant up and bring in food and water - in stabilizing the tree and in obtaining moisture and nutrients for tree growth * are important to kids and to families - plants because the roots control the whole part of it - invasive like other figs - less periodic in structure, but they too grow and branch indefinitely * are located in trees * are more sensitive than shoots - to cold injury than the above ground parts of a plant - most flavorful when dug late in the season, as sugars accumulate in the root - much more sensitive to cold than the plant stems or buds - multi-talented but they know when to delegate to bacteria and fungi - negatively phototropic - numbers - often a little leaky, and the material that they leak is referred to as root exudates * are one of the most critical parts of the plant in a grassland - vital parts of the tree * are part of hair - kernels - nails - root systems - tooths - protosteles with their xylem elements in a characteristic cross-shape - ready for harvest when they are about three years old - reddish-brown, brittle and often limited to the upper part of a container or soil - refrigerant and are used in infusion for threadworm - responsible for water and mineral nutrient uptake, energy storage, and anchorage - sensitive to cold weather and drying winds - slow to become pithy - soft, dead, reddish, hollow, and later disintegrate - software - structures - superficial systems because of the anoxic sediments * are the branches down in the earth - lowest part of a plant - most important part of the plant * are the parts of a plant that are usually below ground - that grow down into soil or water - veins and arteries of the plant - vital supply lines of moisture and minerals to the leaves - totally absent in some plants, e g., Ceratophyllum, Salvinia, Azolla, Utricularia, etc - used for constipation and obstruction of the intestines - usually below ground and largely involved in absorbing water and minerals - valuable even after the plant has died - values of x for which y is equal to zero * are very important to plants - medicinal and also used to make a candied sweetmeat - slow growing and allow gas exchange against a resistance that is always high - the peripheral area of the bulb at the junction with the rhizome * associate with nitrogen fixing bacteria - nitrogen-fixing bacteria * attack structures physically and chemically and, over time, can be as damaging as any storm. * attacked by lesion nematodes are dark in color. * based clusters can substitute dictionaries in indexing for information retrieval. * become branches, and the branches grow into new roots - galled or knotted and uptake of water and nutrients is affected - soft quickly on warming and darken rapidly - tuberous with age * begin growing and absorbing nutrients long before the trees leaves unfold. * begin to dig into the soil seeking nutrients and life giving water - form under the soil - grow and take in nutrients and water from the habitat - swell within a day after infection * bind soil against erosion - the soil and prevent it from washing away * can also expand more easily in the surrounding loose soil - invade broken sewer lines, causing slow draining sinks and sluggish toilets - protect the environment by holding the soil to prevent soil erosion * can associate with mycorrhizae - vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae * can be a means through which generations can share each other s feelings - free-floating in water or occur in the soil - lateral, anchoring and coralloid - become twisted and forked in heavy, stony soil - clog or destroy the absorption system - develop nitrogen-fixing nodules * can grow at cold temperatures and seeds mature quickly - deep in six years - shallow in soil that is watered too lightly - have an amazingly large number of root hairs - look white and healthy * can penetrate cracks and physically pry rocks apart as the root grows in size - hard soils - receive water and nutritive elements - remain unharvested during the worst of the rainy season when roads are flooded - suffocate and die where large amounts of water have forced air out of the space * collect water and minerals from the soil, store nutrients, and anchor the tree * colonize large areas of soil in pursuit of water and essential elements the tree needs. * compete for limited nutrients and water. * consist of a combination of fine hair roots and fleshy fingerlike growths * contain a-elaterin, hentriacontane, and saponins - alkaloids - dermal, ground, and vascular tissues - novel glycosides - only trace amounts - several polyacetylenic compounds * contains allantoic acid and allantoin - saponins and tartaric acid * continue to grow and absorb moisture until frozen. * contribute organic matter to the soil when they die. * creep under the ground to make a firm foundation. * crowd the soil surface. * cutting from lemon, tamarind, etc also develop roots and shoots when planted in a moist soil. * decay and turn black - readily in moist soils and very slowly in dry ones * determine the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. * develop at bases * develop from the petiole, the area where the stem meets the base of the leaf - plate when the bulb is actively growing - in proportion to top growth in grass plants - laterally and vertically in the soil - on the rhizomes as they grow - shoot buds in fall and emerge in spring as floricanes * die allowing the plant to be easily removed from the soil - back can worsen the chlorosis by further limiting nutrient uptake * eat and drink nutrients and water, essential for growth, from the soil. - the bottom of the bulb at the beginning of the growing season - only when seedlings are in contact with bottom substrates * encountering the nutrients have a chance to absorb the elements. * enter the host tree, robbing it of necessary water and minerals. * exploit all the available nutrients at their disposal and spread in the space in the pot. * exposed to cold, wet conditions for extended periods are at risk of root rot. * extend at least twice as far out from the tree as the limbs - themselves through the soil by creating new cells in the apical meristem * extract most water from the upper half of the root zone. * fed on by stubby root nematode are extremely short with a yellow to brownish cast. * find cracks in the lines and sense the water vapor that is leaking into the soil. * fix the plant firmly in the soil. * form at the base of new leaves on runners - by adventitious buds along the lower surface - shallow networks close to the soil surface * formed in water tend to be thin and fragile, as they encounter no resistance while emerging. * frequently accumulate next to container walls. * function as an anchor, providing the major resistance to windthrow - in anchorage, water and mineral uptake and storage of photosynthetic products * gather plant nutrients. * get nourishment. * give trees support and sustenance, and severe pruning can effect both functions. * go down from the bean seed into the earth due to gravity. * gradually decay. * grow among the dead ones - at the joints or nodes of each runner * grow down from bottom of rhizome - it, and stem and leaves grow up from it - horizontally * grow in a circle or spiral on the surface - length only from their ends - tuberous clusters - mostly sideways and can extend up to three times the height of the tree - much closer to the soil surface than is often believed - out the bottom of the rhizome, and a new plant can arise at the same point from the top - primarily near the surface * grow through the cracks, and the shells add a small amount of calcium to the soil - pot, water weakens the fiber, and various fungi cause microbial degradation - whole life of the plant - to specific conditions, which, if changed, can impede a plants growth - towards earth - well past the drip line of a plant's leaf body, if the soil is good and loose - where the water is * grow, die off, and regrow again. * grows away from the sunlight. * have a difficult time getting through the dry, brittle peat - number of critical roles in keeping all plants alive, summer annuals or massive oaks - pronounced effect on the size and vigor of the plant - aeration systems that include aerenchymatous tissues - antidiarrhoetic, antidote to snake venom, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties - benefits - capacity - crisp texture - crunchy texture - distinctive regions such as maturation, elongation, cell division region and root cap - dual purposes - effects - environmental benefits - extensions of the root epidemal cells known as root hairs - fewer feeder roots and nitrogen-fixing root nodules - hairs like tiny straws to drink water and send it up the pipes to the leaves - intense flavor - large capacity * have many branch roots, just as trunks have many branches - different tissues, which serve a variety of functions - mild flavor - more alkaloid than leaves, and young leaves more than older leaves - nodules with symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria - quality - same functions - specialization - specialize functions - symbiotic bacteria for fixation of nitrogen - taproots * have three distinct regions namely, epidermis, cortex and vascular bundle - main parts the cortex the vascular cylinder and the epidermis - tiny rootlet hairs that extend out from the roots and anchor into the soil - two growth phases, namely primary and secondary growth * help big trees - feed the plant by sucking up water and minerals from the soil - hold soil and even absorb chemicals before they can wash into a storm drain or stream - make soil, too - plants stay in place - shoots grow and vice versa - support the plant and take in water and nutrients * helps eliminate the foreign substances that can overburden the liver. * hold a plant in place - soil together and help prevent erosion - stream banks and buffer soil in place - the soil together and prevent it from washing away * improve soil structure. * includes bark. * includes root caps - sections * is mucilaginous and contains a small amount of volatile oil - the root reference of a binary tree * keep plants attached to their habitat. * live among bacteria, fungi, insects, worms and others creatures, sometimes closely associated - in association with other organisms mycorrhizae * loosen the soil, allowing oxygen to penetrate. * love oxygen and oxygen-creating movement in water slows the growth of algae. * mainly serve as the primary water and mineral absorbing organs in plants. * mean square velocity of molecules in a gas. * mostly grow downwards. * move to the top of the soil for the moisture. * need moisture. * nematodes frequently infect ginger growing areas - prefer sandy loam soils that have lots of moisture * never go completely dormant like trunks and stems. * obtain water, oxygen and minerals from soil * often decay - form at the nodes of the spreading stems - function in storage of food and nutrients * often grow geotropically to reach the water table - into decaying stumps and logs - only in the loose soil and fail to penetrate the compacted subsoil - outward to a diameter one to two times the height of the trees - to greater soil depths than tubers or rhizomes * only can grow in wet and muddy soil at the water's edge which is like tides or floods - start re-growing during the rainy season in summer or autumn * operate in the soil, providing water and nutrients. * originate from bases - the stems and are usually found at branch points * penetrate dry soil only slightly beyond available moisture supplies - soil deeply * perform functions. * plant organ * prefer loose soil to packed. - digestive upset and nervous excitement - orange-red dye, stems and leaves a yellow dye * promote that result, since they benefit from the accumulation of nitrogen. * provide an important habitat for bacteria, fungi and very small soil animals - anchorage in the soil, allow absorption of and transport water and nutrients - anchorage, connect plants to the earth, and absorb water and nourishment - extra stability - fish spawning beds and protection for newborns - shoots with water and nutrients - support for the tree as it gets taller - two important functions for the plant * pruning pin oak liners affects growth and root morphology. * push down into the ground to get water and minerals - to anchor the new plants while they take up minerals and water from the soil - through the earth toward water, Further down than any seed * reach for water, for nourishment. * readily develop at nodes that are in contact with moist soil or water. * refer to a person s grounding in a particular church, faith, culture, language, and history. * refers to strategies designed to ensure that every child meets world class standards. * require air space in the soil to live - specific soil temperatures to continue growth * rot -The first sign of root rot is yellow leaves - from cold wet soil is by far the biggest killer of banana plants in our latitudes - fungal pathogens are found in almost all soils * rot in Florida and a blister disease in India have occurred - poorly drained soils - soggy or heavy soil * rot occurs if plants are left in a soggy medium - in soggy, deteriorated medium - let in a soggy medium - remain in a soggy medium - in poorly drained sites - of snap beans in New York * rot on cabbage - early plant annuals is now showing up - results in wilting even in plants several years old * rot, if left untreated, can cause rapid tree decline and death. * seem to be easier to grow than new stems and leaves. * serve distinct purposes - for anchorage and absorption of water and nutrients from the soil - to anchor the plant in the container and to absorb water and nutrients * sink into the ground from which the new tree draws life. * soak up what water they can and provide hydration to the rest of the hair. * soon form at the base of the pole where there is good moisture. * sprout from the root * stabilize the trapped sediment and hold riparian soil in place. * steadily die off so that the oldest rhizome segments have few roots remaining. * store food for plants - vital starch and protein compounds, especially during the winter * struggle to find water. * survive, but foliage dies back in cold winter climates. * symbolize nourishment from the earth and groundedness. * take in water and minerals from soil - plant nutrients from the soil * take up air from the air spaces present between the soil particles - water and elements from the soil - water, oxygen, minerals, and other nutrients from soil * take water and minerals from the soil to the rest of the plant - things from the soil called minerals up to the rest of the plant * tend to grow near the surface - spread farther in poor soil than in rich soil, for the same size of plant * then dry out because they are exposed to air and are killed. * thrive at the lower soil temperatures in late fall and early spring. * track humidity and mineral gradients and can change branching patterns in response. * travel deeper into the soil to find water. * typically reside within the upper few inches of soil. * use metabolic oxygen produced locally in root tissues. * usually branch extensively in order to explore as much soil volume as possible - grow beneath the surface of the soil and extend from the base of the stem * vary in thickness. + Root, Root growth: Plant anatomy * Roots grow through the whole life of the plant. They grow longer from the tip, adding cells to the end of each root. The root adds cells to their tips, and they grow fatter as they add cells around their tube-like bodies.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Adventitious root * are formed at nodes which are in contact with water or moist soil - grown from discoid in the soil - located at nodes along the stem, both below and above ground - roots originating directly from the stem * are roots that form on plant organs other than roots - originate directly at the shoot * arise from the leaf traces - lower side of the rhizomes * bear root spines. * develop at the base of branch shoots. - on the lower surface * grow from stems or leaves rather than from the regular root system of the plant - in place of the old ones * occur at the stem base. * originate from the stem. Aerial root * Many aerial roots are fleshy or semi-fleshy, functioning as reservoirs for water storage. * Most aerial roots absorb nutrients * Some aerial roots have chlorophyll - green chlorophyll * allow the orchid to attach itself to trees. * are another xerophytic trait - in addition to the normal roots that are below the ground - roots above the ground * form freely on many land and water plants in a favorable, moist atmosphere. Bare root * are the roots of roses that are planted directly into the ground. * good way to plant fruit trees, or other trees. Black root * is more common in flatwood soils but has been observed in other soil types. * rot is difficult to control - more severe when lesion nematodes are present - seedling disease Burdock root * Some burdock roots contain active compounds * Some burdock roots contain numerous active compounds - have antimicrobial actions * have flavor.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Carrot * Make skinny orange columns, with one end pointy, and one bigger. * Most carrots get color - grow in fields * Most carrots have different flavor - strong smell - tops * Some carrots grow in compost - manure compost - survive winter * also like to follow a crop that has been composted or manured the previous year - work * are a common and popular vegetable to be eaten fresh - cool or late season crop that grows best in temperate environments * are a good source of beta-carotene which is converted to vitamin A as needed - fiber - great source of vitamin A. Vitamin A is important for healthy eyes and skin - major source of alpha-carotene - rich source of many vitamins and minerals - root vegetable grown in garden in all parts of the world - source of carotenoids - symbol to see better in the dark - taproot, a type of root which grows downwards into the soil and swells * are a very good source of Calcium, among other things - rich source of beta carotene and are an excellent addition to the diet * are also a good treatment for diarrhea, and can relieve gas and heartburn - high in potassium * are always orange - preferred to sticks - among the root vegetables susceptible to high concentrations of chlordane - available nearly all year round but vary in taste and texture - biennial - that means they take two years to reach maturity when they can produce seeds - biennial, flowering in their second year of growth - biennials - bunnies' favorite food - delicious eaten raw or cooked - denser than green beans or lettuce, so they have more calories - easy and fun to grow - frost-tolerant * are good for starting a cat on fresh foods as they are sweeter than most other vegetables - neighbors when planted near beans, letuce, onions, and peas - hardy cool-season biennials grown for their thickened roots - herbs - high in vitamin A complex - indigenous to Western Europe - inexpensive all year long - legendary in fighting off aging diseases * are located in cellars - fridges - markets - refrigerators - salad - stores - supermarkets - low in calories - machine-harvested, and can be stored for several weeks after harvest - most susceptible to infection when roots are mature and temperatures are warm - nearly coreless - notoriously slow to germinate - one of the ten most economically important vegetable crops in the world - part of carrots - poorly colored and bitter - popular among American consumers - rewards * are rich in beta carotine which is converted in the body to vitamin A or retinol - carotene, which is converted to vitamin A by the liver - minerals and vitamins - soft - sweet and crunchy when nibbled raw, perfect for snacking - the roots of the carrot plant, and a member of the parsley family - used for carbs and fibre, and have no similarities to grains whatsoever - usually everywhere as is broccoli * are very high in natural sugars and only a beet contains more sugar than a carrot - versatile and can be prepared in a variety of ways * belong to a small group of plants and animals that make antifreeze proteins * benefit from strongly scented companion plants. * boost the nutritional value of soups, stews, salads and are indispensable in the stockpot. * can also help with diarrhea, by replacing lost electrolytes and minerals to the body - divide if they hit large pieces of stuff like shredded leaves - lower cholesterol, also by way of their pectin content - stay in the ground until early winter - take up to three weeks to germinate - vary considerably in their outline shape * contain beta- carotene and xanthophyll - beta-carotene and xanthophyll complex - caratatoxin, a nerve poison - carotene, a skin-health agent - many nutrients including vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, calcium and iron - sugars, complex carbohydrates, and dietary fiber * damaged during packaging are more likely to become infected. * do that too which is why good carrot farms have light, sandy soil - well in containers * germinate best in warm, moist soil. * grow a long time before they gain any size. * grow best in a sunny location with rich, light soil and regular thorough watering - deep, well-drained sandy or peaty soils - leaf mold enriched soil * grow in U-shapes instead of growing straight down - larger than normal when planted with chive - sweeter and less fibrous in soil that remains moist - well in most climates * grow, like most things, from tiny seeds planted in the ground. * have a lot of carotenoids - mild, pleasant flavor that is great by themselves or blended with other foods - lots of vitamins * helps to deter intestinal worms. * includes bark. * includes root caps - hair - sections * make good dots, and the cross-section of a celery stalk works well for creating roses. * often survive flooding, but the roots have been injured, which results in nubs and forks - work better than sticks * produce best in a raised bed. * protect the lungs from environmental pollutants when consumed daily. * provide vitamin A and fiber. * reach perfection only in good-textured soil that's free of stones and clods. * remain in a juvenile nonflowering form until subjected to cold exposure. * reproduce by way of seeds. * require a longer time for cooking than cabbage or turnips - an even and abundant supply of water throughout the season - long cooking - relatively large amounts of well-distributed moisture as rainfall or irrigation * show dry curled leaves. * sprout under improper storage conditions. * take a week to germinate in summer and up to three weeks in cool spring soil. * taste best when temperatures dip below freezing. * thrive in sandy soil. * usually stay somewhat crunchy * work well with brown sugar, orange peel, ginger, cinnamon, and nutmeg.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root \| carrot: Larger carrot * are good for canning or storage. * are often fibrous - too fibrous and tough Damaged root * reduce the ability of vegetables and flowers to take up water and nutrients. * result in a reduced uptake of nutrients and water. * rot quickly in storage.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| root: Deep root * Most deep roots provide nutrients. * account for a lawn's drought tolerance. * allow it to tolerate heat and drought. * are better able to withstand drought and extreme cold - killed, so the plant takes up less water and nutrients - less likely to soak up water immediately * break up hard soil, trace elements to surface. * can move water and nutrients to the shoots even in cold weather - survive fires * help control erosion - grass withstand the droughts of summer - keep the soil from sliding and help keep the bank from sloughing - sunflowers to withstand most droughts * promote greater health and stress tolerance of the grass. * provide ample nutrients for fruit development Diseased root * are dark brown or black, healthy roots white - dark, reddish brown * have soft brown lesions. * lead to stunting and poor growth of plants. * turn pink in color, shrivel and die. Dry root * can severely decrease the potential for transplant success. * lead to leaf tip dieback, or a browning of the leaf tip - leaf-tip dieback, or a browning of the leaf tip Fern root * Most fern roots have light brown tips * staple part of the diet. Fibrous root * Most fibrous roots grow up to feet. * Some fibrous roots grow from bottoms - rhizomes * anchor plants - the plant less securely to the ground than taproots * are fine and hairlike, forming a densely branched mass - primarily responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil - probably the most common root type - thin and all more or less the same size * occur at the stem nodes. Fine root * are an important source and sink for nutrients in terrestrial biogeochemistry. * dry out rapidly when exposed to air. * have effects - other functions besides absorption, including transport of water and nutrients Fleshy root * act as water-storage organs. * are thick like taproots but branch like fibrous roots.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| root: Ginger root * Some ginger roots contain magnesium - have levels * flavoring that is also valued for medicinal purposes. * is added for cold stomach and chronic diarrhea. * is also good for preventing and treating balance problems and dizziness - very effective for stomach queasiness - lemony and sharp - one such herb - red skinned and nobby, with a pinkish white flesh, eaten raw or cooked - used by traditional herbalists to treat flatulence, colic, and diarrhea * is used in Chinese medicine for many ailments, including headache, asthma and fever - sauces, condiments, chicken or fruit dishes - worldwide for safe and effective relief of nausea * lowers cholesterol, high blood pressure and dilates blood vessels. * popular folk medicine. * relieves nausea and vomiting. Goldenseal root * have a long history of medicinal use. * is antiseptic and hemostatic, which means it stops bleeding. Healthy root * are firm and usually lighter in color than the surrounding soil - vital to the well-being and the continued development of most cultivated plants * make healthy plants. Horseradish root * Take two capsules with meals three times daily. * are roots. * has a sharp, mustard-like taste. ### plant part \| root \| horseradish: Prepared horseradish * is white to creamy-beige in colour. + Horseradish, Culinary uses: Root vegetables :: Medicinal plants :: Spices :: Brassicaceae :: Condiments * Prepared horseradish is white to creamy-beige in colour. It will keep for months refrigerated but eventually will darken, indicating it is losing flavour and should be replaced.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Infected root * are brown, soft, water-soaked, and necrotic - retarded in growth and lack fine feeder roots * contain millions of fungal spores. * differ morphologically from uninfected ones. * have a characteristic red-brown color whereas healthy roots appear white - characteristic round swellings called nodules * show black streaks in the vascular tissue and eventually undergo a soft, moist decay. * swell at the point of infection and form knots or galls - where infected and form knots or galls * tend to show a brown color with the outer portion of the roots rotting off. Infested root * are short, and abnormally branched. * contain fuzzy, white masses of eggs and females. * develop gall-like swellings. * have knot-like cysts that are readily identified.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| root: Lateral root * Most lateral roots have taproots - originate from bases * Most lateral roots produce roots - shoots - vertical shoots * appear on root crops such as carrots, resulting in a condition known as hairy root. * arise from the pericycle , an internal meristem tissue in roots - tissue on the outside of larger roots * begin from the pericycle - to grow from the primary root just prior to emergence * break through the cortex on their way out but they arise from deeper within the root. * have an internal origin near the Stele * produce adventitious shoots<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| root: Licorice root * are part of licorices * can reinforce the spleen, build up vital energy, moisten the lung and relieve a cough. * feeds the adrenal glands to reduce inflammation and increase energy. * fine-flavored demulcent and expectorant. * helps prevent and heal skin problems. * is also a natural source of estrogen - an effective treatment for the stomach ailments - antibacterial, antiviral and antiinflammatory - believed to act in the same way to help ease bladder pain * is one herb that actually contains progesterone - of the most biologically active herbs in the world - probably one of the most important herbs for hypoglycemia * is used medicinally - to flavor and color a wide variety of foods * specific for adrenal gland function. * stimulates the adrenals and helps to balance blood sugar levels. * supports the endocrine system - glandular system Long root * condition the soil, and the plant chokes out weeds. * help take up as much water as possible. Marshmallow root * good choice to use in conjunction with other herbs. * is, of course, the basic ingredient in innumerable confection recipes. Orris root * commonly used fixative. * is the root of a specific type of iris that is dried and ground.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| root: Parsley root * Most parsley roots have flavor. * biennial grown as an annual. * contains vitamin C and iron. * has a more delicate, sweeter and more herbal taste than a parsnip. * have a flavor that tastes somewhat nutty with a celery and carrot overtone * is available year-round with a peak season during the winter and spring months. * is high in sodium, folic acid, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, protein and fiber - vitamin C and iron, and also has high levels of sodium - light beige, shaped like a carrot, but slender like a parsnip - popular in Central European cuisines - taken as a treatment for flatulence, cystitis, and rheumatic conditions	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Parsnip * are a good source of potassium - actually sweet, much like carrots, and become even sweeter after winter frosts - among the closest relatives of parsley in the family Apiaceae - an excellant source of vitamin C and a good source of dietry fibre and folic acid - biennial, but are grown commercially as an annual - frost-tolerant - grown for their fleshy, edible, cream-colored taproots - native to Britain and many other countries - plants - relatively free of both insects and diseases - root vegetables - slow to germinate and break through the soil surface - the taproot of a member of the parsley family * can reach almost a foot long. * cause blisters on the skin of agricultural workers. * cook at the same rate as potatoes. * develop better flavor after several weeks in cold, moist conditions. * provide lots of healthy fibre - more than four times as much as potatoes. * requires small amounts of nitrogen and moderate amounts of phosphorous.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Plant root * Most plant roots absorb nitrate - water - go much deeper - take up water * Plant Roots contribute astonishing quantities of organic matter and put it directly in the soil. * Some plant roots grow in water. * Some plant roots provide habitats - microbial habitats - prime habitats * absorb carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis from the soil - three vital nutrients * anchor the whole plant, absorb water and nutrients. * are able to follow the worm holes and go deeper down then with plowing - penetrate soil deeply for extended drought resistance and stability - very shallow and easily damaged by excessive rates of certain herbicides * begin to stabilize the soil against erosion. * break up the surface of a rock allowing water to penetrate the cracks. * can absorb sodium and transport it to leaf tissue where it accumulates - extend into fractures and grow, causing expansion of the fracture - only grow in moist soil so root tends to follow the water gradient - penetrate easily to deep levels and withdraw enough soil water from there - use it for their growth * create a zone of nutrient depletion around themselves. * display very sensitive growth patterns to a range of chemical and gravitational stimuli. * do the same thing, they hold the soil together. * fail to thrive in wet soil so drainage is very important. * function like a water pump, taking minerals and nutrients to every part of the plant. * grow into cracks in rocks - the pumice, where they act as filters and oxygenators - within the active layer, and insects burrow here * growing in cracks and breaking the rock apart is another example of physical weathering. * have a difficult time extending into soil that has little air space - hard time adapting to the native soil outside of an amended planting hole - difficulty extracting water from the deeper layers of clay-textured soils - to grow to find the inorganic nutrients that the plant needs to stay alive * help to stabilize the sand - water to drain or percolate into the soil * keep the rocks or soil loose so that water can flow through easily. * obtain nitrogen as nitrates and ammonia from the soil. * occur in litter, humus, and upper mineral layers. * penetrate good soil deeply for extended drought resistance and stability - soil, creating excellent water channels when they die and rot away * play an essential role in soil development and prevention of soil erosion. * proliferate through the soil using the burrows as easy passage. * require oxygen for growth so adequate aeration of the medium is necessary - in order to take up the water * rot and suffocate from too much water and too little air. * stabilize soil and prevent erosion. * suffer from oxygen starvation and clay also binds water, causing plant roots to rot. * take in or absorb nutrient ions, whereas soil colloids adsorb ions - oxygen and give off carbon dioxide * take up their silica as silicic acid * undergo tension as they pull the water out of a soil matrix. * uptake water from the surrounding soil through osmosis. * use a chemical compound in solution which is taken up from the soil particles. * wear thin or thick-soled shoes according to the rugosity of the soil. + Arctic, Plant life * Each summer the ice and snow will melt, allowing the animals to find food and the plants to flower. The moisture from the snow stays toward the top of the ground's surface. Plant roots can use it for their growth. Even so, in many places the soil is too poor for plant's growth. Less than half of the tundra has plants growing on it. Plants root * grow downward toward water. * suffocate and rot in it. Pneumatophore * are almost hollow, allowing air to pass to the living tissue of the root - essentially the erect lateral branches of an otherwise horizontal root system - normally unbranched * often present. * take in oxygen from the air unless they're clogged or submerged for too long.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Primary root * Some primary roots extend almost as deep as the height of the tree. * are more positively gravitropic than secondary roots - permanent roots that support the weight of the upper tree Root carie * can be difficult to observe intraorally. * is an epidemic problem for adults and older patients. * occurs most often at or close to the cemento-enamel junction. * seem to demonstrate an increase in incidence with age. Root cutting * are grown in perlite and a rooting hormone used to stimulate growth - part of the root, usually annual * have a good capacity to produce suckers. * keeps the plant smaller and, therefore, in a smaller pot longer. Secondary root * Most secondary roots produce lateral roots * are produced from nodes in the crown or from nodes on horizontal stems. Seminal root * Most seminal roots arise from seeds. * are more important for the survival of whole plants than are adventitious roots. * cease new growth shortly after the coleoptile emerges at the soil surface. * provide minimal uptake of water and nutrients. Shallow root * Most shallow roots absorb water - help plants * are likely to withstand drought conditions - sensitive to smothering silt * can be invasive and difficult to plant around. * lead to more rapid stress under drought or hot conditions. * need moisture. Square root * are roots. * continuous function for nonnegative x , and the square root of zero is zero. Storage root * Some storage roots appear healthy from the outside but are decayed internally. * are sensitive to changes in soil temperature depending on stage of root development. * contain high levels of sugar that nurture the developing spears. Tap root * Most tap roots consist of roots. * Some tap roots grow into flowers. * are prominent primary roots from which all other lateral rootlets or secondary roots grow - shallow roots which are usually grow in a place near the surface of the soil * bring up nutrients from deep in the soil. * is what radicle becomes in dicots and gymnosperms. * sink deep, descending into the depths of the earth.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| root: Taproot * Many taproots are modified into storage organs. * Most taproots contain juice - milky juice - have round shapes * Some taproots are specialized roots that store large amounts of food for the plant. * Some taproots have high water - surfaces * Some taproots penetrate feet - several feet * are large and fleshy - sources - the longest and the strongest of the different kinds of roots * can go very deep if there lack of surface water. * can grow an inch per day and eventually reach four feet in length - to be quite large * develop from the radicle of a seed, forming the primary root. * grow deep into the ground in search of moisture and nutrients - long or vertically - longer than branch roots - very deep so they can tap sources of underground water * includes bark. * includes root caps - hair - sections * tend to have a main, stout axis extending vertically, and often bear smaller lateral roots. * usually control growth and development of branch roots.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Tree root * Most tree roots absorb nutrients * Some tree roots can destroy stones - cause damage - get food - water from the soil, making the soil drier and able to store more rainwater * allow the soil to absorb more water, also reducing run-off. * anchor the structure and provide water and nutrients - trees * are able to obtain more nutrients from the soil when fungi are present in the soil - generally several degrees less cold hardy than tree stems - located in trees - part of the living body of the trees * bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains. * can also be large accumulations of woody material - clog the soil absorption field - deflect water, leading to erosion and undercut banks - be a real menace, damaging sewers and causing sewers to plug * can cause cracks in pipes and infiltrate causing major blockages - damage to underground wires - effectively exploit soil moisture even at relatively low soil-moisture contents - enter septic system lines and cause plugging - get into sewer lines through leaky pipe joints - grow continuously throughout the year, even in a climate with cold winters - make it difficult to install fencing or dig holes for new plants - penetrate the earth, therefore wool precede the earth * can plug perforated field tiles, especially roots of wet-site trees such as poplar - up or divert sewage from receiving proper treatment - pose problems to property owners if surface roots lift driveways and sidewalks - withstand some submergence during the winter dormant period * compete with grass roots for water. * die, and water follows the roots until the dike gives way. * dig deep into the ground, which helps to aerate, or provide oxygen to the soil. * draw moisture from soils, causing shrinking and swelling. * drink the water stored in the soil. * enhance soil porosity, reduce compaction, and facilitate infiltration. * establish themselves better if they are planted into the native soil. * exploit large volumes of soil as their feeder roots grow. * grow close to the soil surface - far beyond the original planting hole * growing under and lifting sidewalks make walkways uneven and dangerous. * help stabilize streambanks by holding soil in place. * hold soil in place and increase water infiltration. * hold soil in place, preventing erosion - reducing soil erosion * increase water saturation into groundwater reducing water runoff. * keep soil from washing away which makes streams and lakes cleaner. * loosen and provide conduits through which water can enter the soil. * need moisture. * penetrate to great depths in the soil to obtain nutrients and moisture needed for growth. * playa vital role in soil binding thus preventing soil erosion by wind or rain. * prevent soil erosion. * pull water from deep in the ground - either the unsaturated zone or the water table * require oxygen for respiration as well as support and nutrient uptake - to develop and thrive * seeking moisture can grow through cracks in the lines, causing a blockage. * serve a variety of functions for the tree - many purposes * soak up moisture very quickly drying out surrounding garden areas - storm water, hold soil in place on steep slopes, and trap pollutants * spread in order to find a good supply of water. * stabilize the soil and prevent erosion - to prevent erosion - soil, preventing wind and water erosion * stay in the soil after trees are cut, holding the soil in place and preventing erosion. * take up the insecticide and the plant moves it into stems and leaves. + Root: Plant anatomy * Roots are also very strong. Some tree roots can destroy stones. Roots are not green because the cells have no chlorophyll. + Tree, Parts of trees * Tree roots anchor the structure and provide water and nutrients. The ground has eroded away around the roots of this young pine tree.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| root: Tuberous root * are actually roots that are specialized to store nutrients. * grow just below the surface and new ones grow from the old stems. * is the major storage organ of sweet potato. * look like tubers, but are actually swollen, nutrient-storing root tissue.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| root: Valerian root * Provides a mild tranquil effect, reduces nervousness. * contains numerous substances that act on various structures of the nervous system. * grows in damp places throughout Europe, northern Asia, the U.S. and South America. * is also good for combating anxiety, high blood pressure, and insomnia - one of the most studied plants - the natural basis of benzodiazapan - or valium - used as a decoction, infusion, fluid extract and tincture * makes getting to sleep easier and increases deep sleep and dreaming. * natural sedative, anti-anxiety agent and muscle relaxer. * powerful relaxant and is often taken to help with sleep. * remedy for mood swings, and irritability.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Shoot * Most shoots arise from roots - contain leaves * Most shoots develop from buds - lateral buds - into stems * Most shoots emerge from seeds - surfaces * Most shoots form buds - dormant buds * Most shoots grow from fleshy rhizomes - underground rhizomes * Most shoots have foliage - originate from roots - produce flowers - yield plants * Some shoots become gametophytes - mature gametophytes - carry flowers - develop from rhizomes - grow buds * Some shoots grow from kernels - stumps * Some shoots produce antheridiums - bananas - stolons - protect flowers - sprout from roots * also arise from the nodes, forming roots and new plants. * are shooting - sprouts * come up from the roots of larger trees. * consist of stems, leaves, and flowers. - green foliage * have pale foliage * includes sections. * originate from bases * photosynthesize most of the carbohydrate requirement and have a high light requirement. * turn a black color, droop over, and die. ### plant part \| shoot: Aerial shoot * Some aerial shoots arise from buds. * arise from a network of root-like, absorbing strands imbedded in host tissues. Diseased shoot * occur singly or as a cluster arising from a node on a buried runner. * remain on the plant for sometime eventually turning grey. * turn black, droop over, and die. Lateral shoot * Some lateral shoots develop from rhizomes. * are branches that go off to the sides. Leafy shoot * Some leafy shoots produce antheridiums. * require a mist bed. New shoot * can grow from nodes on stolons or rhizomes. * form at the base of the plant, resulting in dense monocultures. * grow from buds at nodes of old stems, stolons or rhizomes - the top of the rhizomes and grow into banana plants<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| shoot: Plant shoot * Most plant shoots have positive phototropism. + Phototropism: Plant physiology * Phototropism is one of the many plant tropisms or movements which respond to external stimuli. Growth towards a light source is a 'positive phototropism', while growth away from light is called 'negative phototropism'. Most plant shoots have positive phototropism. Roots usually have negative phototropism, though gravitropism may play a larger role in root behavior and growth. Some vine shoot tips exhibit negative phototropism, which allows them to grow towards dark, solid objects and climb them.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| shoot: Sucker * Some suckers also inhabit the streams and lakes - bear fruit * Some suckers grow from rhizomes - in lawns * Some suckers grow into mature trees - seedlings * Some suckers have broad leaves - jaws - sharp teeth * also can actually occur above the ground on the trunk. * are a main food item of osprey and eagles - above ground stems that grow from adventitious buds on roots - also a common result when budded roses are killed to the ground during severe winters - benthic spawners which means they lay their eggs in gravel or on rocks - canes which spring from the rootstock, rather than from the bud union - common on many sweet corn varieties - drinkers - films - found on the distal half of their arms - freshwater fish - intelligent agents * are little plantlets that grow between the leaves of the mature pineapple - plants which grow from the main plant - odd-looking fish, their round, leathery mouths aimed downward like suction cups - omnivorous feeding on both animal and plant material on lake and stream bottoms - on the underside of all the arms and only on the flattened ends of the tentacles - opportunistic sprouts usually found growing at the base of a tree - organs - part of suckers - quick-growing shoots that drain the plant's resources * are shoots that arise from rhizomes which are underground stems - grow from the crown area of the trunk - originate from buds on the root systems - sprout from the main stem - which originate from roots - soft-rayed fishes that possess a toothless, protractile mouth with distinctive lips - spring spawners * are the outcropping leaves of a pineapple - shoots that originate at the base of the tree - thin shoots that develop from the base of the tree - usually present for attaching to host internal organs * are very strong, fast developing shoots which grow straight up from roots or branches - vigorous, thorny and are a different plant than the top of the tree - weaker canes that grow up from the base of the rose plant * arise from the base of the plant and, where cultivated, are removed to start new plants. * can sprout from stumps, fallen branches and cut trees as well as from roots. * come from dormant buds on the root systems of aspen. * develop at the crease where the leaf meets the stem - from the dying plant and start the growth cycle over again * grow from the roots when the trunk has been cut as well as from the cut part itself - trunk has been cut off - into woody stems that superficially resemble individual trees - straight up from the base of the tree or the root system * includes sections. * leave scars on sperm whales when the squid are being attacked. * live and feed near the bottoms of streams. * migrate upstream and spawn in groups in shallow, swift water. * often arise from latent buds at underground node positions on the trunk. * play an important role in banana farming. * produce pencil-sized cones that grouses love to eat. * sprout from the roots and form copses. * tend to take away from the vitality of the plant and causes small fruit. * usually develope in the first year on a violet, tending to warp the parent if let grow on - have ten or more comb-like pharyngeal teeth, one row on each pharyngeal arch ### plant part \| shoot \| sucker: Blood sucker * Some blood suckers have jaws. * die in a plane crash. Vegetative shoot * Most vegetative shoots develop from roots. * are more tolerant than seedlings. * arise from adventitious buds located on Canada thistle roots.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Spore * All spores make a gametophyte generation. * Many spores can remain viable for centuries and even resist fire and freezing temperatures. * Most spores are dispersed by wind. * Most spores are produced by fungi - mushrooms - puffball mushrooms - single mature plants - sporangiums - single cells protected by a cell wall - too small to be examined without the help of a microscope * Most spores cause allergic reaction * Most spores contain nuclei - single nuclei - extracted from active pot cultures are a very pale yellow - float in air * Most spores germinate in environments - moist environments * Most spores germinate into gametophytes - tiny gametophytes * Most spores grow into gametophyte plants - on undersides * Most spores have ability - conditions - environmental conditions - suitable environmental conditions * Most spores perform functions - same functions * Most spores produce female gametophytes - hornwort - multicellular gametophytes * Most spores survive conditions - digestion * Most spores survive for long time * Most spores survive harsh conditions - weather - winter weather * Most spores undergo meiosis - mitosis * Some spores are also resistant to environmental extremes. * Some spores are produced by sexual reproduction, others by asexual reproduction - sporophytes - so small that they are more affected by air currents than by gravity - very light and can be blown hundreds of miles by the wind * Some spores become gametophytes - haploid gametophytes - microscopic gametophytes - myceliums - primary myceliums - can survive in boiling water for several hours * Some spores cause allergies - damage - diseases - infection - massive damage - secondary infection - severe allergies * Some spores come from buds - fronds * Some spores contain endosperms - lipases - two or more nuclei - develop gametophytes * Some spores develop into female gametophytes * Some spores develop into haploid gametophytes * Some spores develop into multicellular gametophytes - structures - mature gametophytes - outside the root - exhibit resistance - form bacterium spores * Some spores grow into fungi * Some spores have electric charge - filament - flagella - genetic materials - polar filament - same electric charge - shells - tough shells * Some spores infect apples - flowers - hawthorn trees - hawthorns - hollyhocks - host plants - seeds - young leaves * Some spores kill caterpillars - larvae - look like membranes - penetrate skin * Some spores produce fern plants - fertile fronds - gall - hyphae - vascular plants - stay on the surface of morels to be picked up by wind * Some spores survive drought * act as units of dispersal in the non-seed land plants. * allow a time outside, awaiting the next host. * also are abundant on decayed parts of other plant species and in the air - can spread from pot to pot by splashing water * apparently form when nutrients are remobilised from roots where associations are senescing. * appear as brownish masses on the tips of the antler-like fertile fronds. * appear in the result of the reduction division - summer and fall * are a dormant form of bacteria - mechanism of survival bacteria use under adverse environmental conditions - able to survive without food or water for long periods - agents of asexual reproduction, whereas gametes are agents of sexual reproduction - air-borne * are airborne and also spread by splashing rain - ubiquitous - so the fruiting body grows out of the food source to allow spore dispersal * are almost always present in outdoor and indoor air - weightless and can float long distances on a light breeze - also able to survive normal domestic freezing - apparently able to survive in dry soil over the summer - asexual reproductive cells that contain a nucleolus and a small amount of cytoplasm - at their peak in the fall and late spring or early summer - bacterial cells in complete dormancy, with thick protective coats - buoyant and travel considerable distances in air - called basidiospores - capable to produce new individual when favourable conditions are available * are carried away by air currents when the capsule opens - by wind, water, and other animals - cinnamon brown and occur only on living plants - consistently monolete, and usually ellipsoidal - different to seeds - diploid and undergo meiosis upon germination - either violently or passively by wind, rain or animals - disseminated via wind, splashing rain, insects and irrigation - easily windborne and can travel great distances throughout the growing season - either nonmotile or motile - ejected and fall to the ground - end product of Asexual reproduction - expelled out of the sporangium all at once - extremely heat resistant - found along the notched edge on the underside of a leaflet in summer to fall - ground using plastic mini-pestles mounted in an electric drill - hard to kill - harmless, but the toxin deadly poison - heat - resistant and can survive cooking or boiling - housed in the brown capsule that sits on the seta - inert cells that are able to tolerate adverse conditions much better than active cells - inhaled into the host's lungs - involved in reproduction - lightly pyriform, with both poles blunt, often with one surface slightly convex - like a seed of a plant, but contains less space for food storage - located in the pores of shelves - made from undergoing meiosis, gametes are made from undergoing mitosis * are microscopic reproductive cells which can be easily transported by wind - spheres roughly comparable with the seeds of higher plants - microscopic, dustlike particles that are almost everywhere in the environment - minute, single celled, thin walled propagules - more resistant than vegetative cells and thus require more heat to kill - much, much tougher than plant seeds, however - multi-septate, both transverse and longitudinally - oval to round, smooth and thin-walled and the spore prints are white to cream colored - passed to the soil via the feces and where they can remain for years - produced after meiosis * are produced by bacteria, fungi, and green plants - non- flowering plants like ferns * are produced in capsules called sporangia - the structures called sporangia - primarily within that growth - within the sporangium - readily wind-blown and splashed by rain - released by rupture or disintegration of the pycnidial wall * are released from perithecia in the fall and can be carried in the wind - sporangia and when they germinate, they develop into haploid gametophytes - sporophytes and form the gametophyte - in a cloud when the asci break open - into the wind - through a pore in the endotunica - to produce a new generation - when the capsule's lid, or operculum, ruptures * are reproductive cells contain deploid number of chromosomes - produced by certain plants and fungi - structures that travel on wind or in the water, helping ferns * are resistant to UV-light, to drying and many harmful chemicals - environmental changes and capable of growing into a new organism - heat and other unfavorable conditions * are resistant to heat, radiation, chemicals, and dessication - severe dryness, radiation and toxic chemicals - temperature extremes, chemical disinfectants and desiccation - ripe when they easily fall off the leaf - set free after the death and decay of the thallus - shed from asci germinate to form a small mycelium * are similar to seeds as they enable the fungus to reproduce - the seeds of flowering plants * are single cells often protected by a hard covering - cells, each capable of developing into a mushroom - single-celled d. Spores are dikaryon e * are small and light weight so they float through the air - bodies containing a nucleus and a small amount of cytoplasm - somewhat like seeds - special cells that some individual organisms produce - specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water - splashed from infected plants to healthy ones during rainfall or by irrigation - surrounded by a protective covering and can be carried easily through air or water * are the fern's means of sexual propagation, equivalent to seeds - only form of the disease that can infect new, healthy larvae - small particles that most fungi use to reproduce - units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism * are tiny cells that are able to grow into new organisms - reproductive cells that grow into new plants - tiny, light and have a durable protective wall - tough to kill and highly resistant to heat and the usual antiseptics that treat wounds - unicellular or, less commonly, bicellular or multicellular structures * are very light and spread by winds or passing animals - lightweight and can travel on air currents - resistant to heat and chemicals - video games - waterborne and are released during rainfall throughout the growing season - well-known for their longevity - windblown to healthy leaves - windborne to junipers, the alternate host, where woody galls are formed on the branches * arise by meiosis from sporocytes. * attach to the insect, germinate and grow directly through the insect cuticle - surface of the insect and infect by penetrating through the insect cuticle * become airborne when contaminated soil is disturbed - gametophytes, which produce male gametes and an egg structure * behave like a seed, although a full adult plant is what grows from the seed. * belong to the plant kingdom. * can also accumulate on mowers and other equipment and then are spread to healthy plants - blow in on the wind from other infected areas - spread by movement of workers, animals and equipment - travel in water * can be difficult to remove once they have spread - dormant for many years * can develop independently into new individuals, which appears to be quite common - into an adult without fusing with another cell - new organisms that contain the same genetics are the parent - enter the leaf, steam or fruit - even survive blasts of radiation as well as years of going with no water or nutrients - germinate and infect tissues anywhere in the xylem - infect through wounds or leaf scars - lay dormant for years and become active when conditions are favourable * can live eight years or more - much longer, up to weeks, months, or years, because they have no metabolic activity - only infect elongating young needles at bud break * can remain dormant in soil or other dry environments for years with little loss of viability - on a surface until conditions are favorable for growth - ungerminated for an extensive period of time during unfavorable conditions * can survive a long time in cold, dry conditions until the environment changes again - conditions that are too sunny, hot, cold, dry or wet for mold to grow * can survive for a very long time, and then regerminate - decades before being ingested by the worm - many years and are resistant to extremes of heat, cold and drying * can survive in soil for several years under certain conditions - the soil for years - many years in adverse conditions and still remain capable of causing disease - withstand heating and freezing processes * circulate inside the host, whose body provides the nutrients needed for fungal growth. * come from a sporophyte, but they grow into something else. * come in a great variety of sizes, shapes and forms - different shapes and sizes and their surface and internal features vary * commonly infect stumps after a thinning. * contain all normal mycelial organelles - oil droplets and sometimes chlorophyll in addition to their nucleus * develop in a sporangium - sporozoans as a result of sporogony, that is, zygote development * develop into multicellular haploid gametophytes - threadlike protonemata * develop on diseased plant parts and are splashed to other parts of the plant or other plants - either side of the leaf * disseminate through the air or water to potentially land in more favorable environments. * drift through space, land on planets and turn into pods. * drop from the gills on the underside of a mushroom. * emerge in the spring after over wintering in lesions and rotted fruit. * enter florets of healthy heads at flowering time and germinate to infect the developing seed. * enter the body through any type of skin trauma - skin and begin to grow - through wounds created by cold injury to root sprouts and mechanical causes * explode when they are mature by releasing a dark brown, dustlike substance. * fall on young, susceptible leaves and germinate in free water. * first swell then distend. * form chambers - in apothecia and are ejected into the air and disseminated by wind to a host - inside the capsule - lines along the edges of each pinna - on fallen infected leaves in early spring - over the entire surface of the gills, on the underside of the fruiting body - zygospores * formed in the capsules are released and grow to produce new plants - horns infect the alternate host - on apple leaves infect only the cedar needles, causing galls * germinate again to monokaryotic hyphae completing the life cycle. * germinate and attack the shafts of the hair and the surface layers of the skin - develop into gametophytes - enter the leaf through stomata on the lower leaf surface - form appressoria on the fruit surface - at wound sites, resulting in infection and eventual cankering - haploid individual cells - prothallus * germinate on a dry leaf and are actually inhibited by free water - mineral soil, so cinnamon fern probably colonizes after fire - to become gametophytes * germinate to form a tiny, heart-shaped gametophyte - zoospores and then the myxamoebae which fuse to form the plasmodium - gametophytes which yield eggs and swimming sperm - gametophytes, which in ferns are very tiny and short-lived * hatch by extruding the polar tubule and then infect the host cell. * have a flagellum so they can swim down and infect a plant indirectly - hard time establishing new organisms, making room for the old-timers to spread - chlorophyll when released from the sporangium - diploid number of chromosomes - four combinations of sexes * have suitable conditions - to start growing right away or they die * includes sections. * infect new leaves just as they begin to unroll from the bud - the new crop during wet weather - wheat * initiate new infections on the lower leaf sheaths. * lack stored nutrients. * last a long time on the ground. * live and stalk cells die. * look like little black dots on the underside of a fern's leaf - small dots on the undersides of the fronds * magnified are elongated, stalklike. * mature in winter. * move from the ground up to the leaves during rain periods. * need moisture. * never show such variations. * occur in a wide variety of colors black, brown, pink, white, lilac, and even green. * often arise from mold like a fine dust - survive cooking, freezing and some sanitizing measures * peak in early summer and into late fall. * play an important part in the multiplication, dissemination, and sur- vival of fungi. - in male move by air to female structure i.e. transfer like pollen grains - plants asexually or by male and female vegetative parts * produced by the meiotic division of the sporophyte then lead to new gametophytes - in aecia on apple leaves are wind disseminated back to leaves of Juniperus spp - on the telia infect the pine * remain viable in contaminated soil for many years - virulent for years * reproduce through asexual reproduction, while gametes through sexual production. * reproductive structure * require free water on the plant surface in order to germinate and infect - steam sterilization, autoclaving or burning to ensure complete destruction * reside in the soil and enter the body by inhalation. * septate, oozing out in a dark mass - seated on a cushion-like stroma - stellate, oozing out in a dark mass * serve a function for microbes similar to the role that seeds serve for plants - to propagate the fungus * settle on the bottom and develop into minute male or female gametophytes. * stay alive and hence retain much of their structure. - in the soil for years so rotation is of limited value - most cooking processes - on the crop residue to infect the next wheat crop, reducing yields and quality - well in the air because they have several important adaptations * take the first place among the reproductive bodies which are distributed by wind. * tend to be highest at night and in wet weather - in dry autumn times * transported in the wind or infected tubers carried to new areas can cause infestation. * travel in air currents and the disease is also spread by splashing rain. * trilete, with a few stongly raised ridges on the distal surface * typically develop into multicellular, haploid gametophytes. * undergo germination to form protonema * undergo mitosis and the cells of the formed multicellular structure are also haploid - to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation * usually develop thick walls with more than one layer and can function as propagules - walls, which often have more than one layer - enter the body through a puncture wound contaminated with soil or manure - infect damaged or senescent tissue when the weather is cool and moist - originate from diseased foliage or infested wheat stubble	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| spore: Aeciospore * can also be a source of inoculum of wheat stem rust. * infect the alternate host, which results in orange, powdery spores on the leaves.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| spore: Ascospore * Most ascospores are homokaryotic in the initial cross. * are abundant in late fall - brown and septate to muriform when discharged, but remain hyaline within the asci - comparatively rare - dark brown, in asci on right - dispersed by the wind and can move a good distance from the apothecia - ejected into the air and are disseminated by air currents * are formed within the asci - ascus as a result of free cell formation or ascosporogenesis - haploid - hyaline to darkly pigmented - less common in the Northeast than in semi-arid climates - primarily airborne and are most common during the petal fall period - produced in asci that degenerate inside of the perithecia * are released around bloom - from the ascoma and germinate to form a new haploid mycelium - so tiny as to be invisible * are the initial source of spring infections - major source of primary inoculum - primary inoculum for all Sclerotinia infections and disease - typical of the wet-weather air spora * are very common in heavily infested regions of Saskatchewan - durable * commonly colonize senescent petals that are attached or detached. * infect open flowers and infect ovary directly or through the stigma - the florets, which then produce the sticky exudate containing conidia * vary in shape and in size from a few microns to a couple of hundred microns - size, shape, color, septation, and ornamentation among taxa<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| spore: Basidiospore * Many basidiospores are allergenic. * are formed and released under humid conditions, which limit their spread - externally on a base pedestal called a basidium - released when the puffball is crushed or hit by driving rain - wind-dispersed and germinate with moisture * can only infect pine. * germinate and produce a haploid mycelium which colonizes the leaf tissue. * infect the alternate hosts such as common barberry. * vary in size, color and ornamentation depending upon the taxonomic group. Chlamydospore * are asexual spores different from sporangiospores - formed in the shredded tissue - specialized spores that allow the fungus to survive environmental extremes - thick walled and are produced in chains in infected root tissue - thick-walled spores formed by rounding up of hyphal or macroconidial cells * form with a thickened cell wall inside hyphae. * have no mechanism for dispersal.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| spore \| chlamydospore: Teliospore * are airborne andeasily disseminated during the harvesting process - chlamydospores - dark brown to black and are covered by the host's epidermis * are produced asexually and are dikaryotic overwintering structures - in a telium - later, intermixed with the urediniospores - the initial inoculum - windspread * can remain viable for several years. * form in host tissue. * germinate and form another reproductive structure called basidia - at the soil surface in response to moisture - to form basidia which produce basidiospores * pass the winter in a dormant state on the dry, dead daylily leaves. * remain with the straw. Diploid spore * Most diploid spores undergo meiosis. * Some diploid spores grow into gametophytes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| spore: Endospore * Most endospores can survive in boiling water. * Some endospores can remain dormant for centuries. * are structures made by bacteria for survival purposes. Bacteria turn to endospore when they undergo stress, such as increase in heat or lack of nutrient. This process is known as sporulation. Endospores are small rounded, resting cells that form inside bacteria when conditions become unbearable. * are highly dangerous bio-terrorist weapons. This is because they are smaller than the vegetative state. A bacterium, in itself, is already smaller than a eukaryotic cell. Therefore, considering the small size of endospore, a small volume of it can already contain a large quantity of it. Endospores are hard to eradicate. * allow a cell to survive adverse environmental changes. * are a means of reproduction - an alternative reproductive method to binary fission - extremely resistant to destruction and require special sterilization methods - for reproduction - heat sensitive - less heat resistant - produced by gram-positive bacteria and can lie dormant for years * can survive lack of nutrients and water, extreme heat or cold, and most poisons. * exhibit no signs of life, being described as cryptobiotic. * form inside the original bacterial cell, as described above. * help the organism survive hostile environments. * includes sections. * survive for years in a dormant state. ### plant part \| spore \| endospore: Bacterial endospore * are highly resistant and a constant problem to the food industry - seedlike structures that endure through hard times such as desiccation * can survive boiling temperatures.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| spore: Fungal spore * Most fungal spores are single cells. * Some fungal spores cause allergies - diseases - infection - severe allergies * Some fungal spores infect leaves - trees - young leaves * are introduced into trees by bark beetles or pruning wounds. * are present in the soil, on non-host plants and leaf litter - year round but can increase after rains or plowing of the fields - smaller and lighter than plant seeds - spread by air currents and on the surface of contaminated asparagus seeds - transmitted by contaminated clippers, blankets, combs, bedding, bunks, and pens - usually about ten times larger than viral structures * build up in the dip tank water, and get into wounds, and eventually cause infections. * can cause severe allergies in humans. * contact the target pest and secrete enzymes which attack and dissolve the cuticle. * decline in viability from the moment they are produced. * develop in and on the body of the infected grasshopper - the stromata * germinate and infect the plant when stems and leaves are wet - shortly after landing in a new location * infect the insect through the cuticle - ovaries of the mature flower of the host plant * invades a crack, hole or wound in the tree. * live in the soil. * produced on year-old or older galls initiate infections on young, succulent twigs. Haploid spore * Most haploid spores are dispersed by wind - germinate into gametophytes - undergo mitosis * Some haploid spores develop into gametophytes - haploid gametophytes - multicellular structures - grow into gametophytes Megaspore * are female spores - larger, and solitary within each megasporangium * develop into female gametophytes - sporophytes * occur in female cones and form female gametophytes - femlae cones and form femal gametophytes	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| spore: Microspore * Every microspore develops into an immature male gametophyte, also called a pollen grain. * are groups of cells that are in the process of becoming pollen grains - immature pollen grains - the male spores, which develop into microgametophytes * develop into female gametophyte that produces egg in archegonium. * develop into male gametophyte that produces sperm in atheridia - gametophytes called pollen grains, consisting of only a few cells * develop into pollen grains, which contain the male gametophyte * develops by meiosis from the microspore mother cell. * form pollen grains, which are immature male gametophytes. * occur in male cones and form male gametophytes - megaspores occur in female cones * pollinate megasporangium, which is then fertilized and the embryo dispersed to grow. * produce the male antheridia and megaspores produce the female antheridia.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| spore: Mold spore * Most mold spores cause reaction. * Most mold spores survive conditions - environmental conditions * Most mold spores survive harsh conditions * adhere more tightly to the rough surfaces than to the smooth skin of undamaged kernels. * are airborne and are found almost anywhere - also in full swing all summer and can even be found indoors year-round * are always present in air so high concentration is an issue - the air and on books - even more sensitive * are everywhere, and can grow on almost any organic material - most are harmless - extremely small and can stay in the air almost indefinitely - highly resistant and durable - light, microscopic, and wind distributed - practically everywhere, because they are very tiny and are carried in the air - quite abundant in the air * are small and lightweight, and thus are easily distributed throughout the house - enough to remain airborne , and enter the respiratory through inhalation * are the most common cause for concern in the air of stables - of inflammation and irritation of the horse's small airways - primary cause of adverse reactions, much like pollen from plants - too small to detect with the naked eye - tough and can survive thousands of years even in a dark, dry tomb * can be outside at any time of year, except when snow covers the ground. * can cause adverse reactions, much like pollen from plants - allergies, sinus headaches, irritability, fatigue and depression - contact the lining of the nose and cause hay fever symptoms - deposit on the lining of the nose and cause hay fever symptoms - enter the mouth and nose while breathing - get into the air and cause health problems when inhaled - survive for a long time * cause at least as many allergy problems as pollens. * cause health problems when they become airborne and are inhaled in large numbers - airborne and are inhaled in large quantities * come from soil and decaying vegetation, and are ubiquitous. * float in the air like pollen - throughout the house, forming new colonies where they land * travel in the air so that more mold can grow - through the indoor and outdoor air continually	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| spore: Oospore * also can spread in soil attached to machinery or hooves of animals. * are also a means of survival in soil or infected roots - thick-walled - dormant for some time after fertilization - long-lived and overwinter in soil and crop debris - produced in necrotic tissue and can survive for years in soil or in plant debris - thick walled and can serve as survival structures in the absence of the host * can also survive many months in soil or potting medium. * can survive between cropping seasons and become active soon after planting - in the soil for many years, even in the absence of ginseng * develop from the sexual combination of two fungi and serve as a fungus resting stage. * germinate to form zoosporangia - produce sporangia, which then release zoospores that penetrate leaf tissue - via a germ sporangium * globose, or nearly so. Plant spore * Most plant spores produce gametophytes - multicellular gametophytes * are haploid reproductive cells that grow into gametophytes by mitosis.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| spore: Pollen * Most pollen attracts bees - beneficial insects * Most pollen comes from flowers - plants * Most pollen consists of grain - plant pollen - tiny grain * Most pollen contains elements - many elements - pheromone - substances - falls on surfaces - fertilizes ovules - has plants - is dispersed by wind * Most pollen is produced by flowers - male flowers - orchids * Most pollen is released from grass in the morning and rises into the air with the heat of the day - in the morning and rises skywards with the heat of the day - used as food for larvae - simply falls on the ground and gets washed into rivers and lakes - pollens are edible, they are normally too fiddly to harvest * Much pollen is released early in the morning, shortly after dawn. * Some pollen causes allergic reaction - fevers - hay fevers * Some pollen comes from sunflowers - trees * Some pollen contains acid - amino acid - essential amino acid - nutrients - proteins - vitamins - develops sporangiums - has pores - is even toxic to colonies * Some pollen is produced by flower trees - gymnosperms - woody gymnosperms - spread by the wind or other insects like beetles, flies and bees - trapped within the inflorescence and some clings to the surface of the gas bubbles - kills larvae - mixes with saliva - provides food - pollens also contain chemical compounds that stimulate collection response in bees * are male gametophytes enclosed in spore walls - often the culprits behind allergic eye irritation, but there are other causes too - responsible for allergies outside * are small, light, and dry so they are easily spread by wind - round-shaped male cells of various flowering trees, grasses and plants - the male sex cells that grow on the stamens of flowers * becomes airborne during mowing of lawns, raking of leaves, and other gardening chores. * byproduct of the reproductive process. * can travel by wind or insects. * collective noun that is treated as singular. * collects in pouches behind the lips of the proventriculus. * comes from every type of flower on earth - the anther - trees, grasses, flowers and weeds - in a capsule form or as loose granules - into contact * complete food which contains all nutritional factors necessary for plant reproduction. * consists of tiny grain - particles that are carried by the wind from plants and trees * contains cholesterol and rutin - greater concentrations of living enzymes than any other part of the plant - male gametophytes which produce and contain sperm cells * contains the male reproductive cells of the plant - sex cells and is necessary to fertilize a seed - necessary fertilizers for plant life to reproduce and grow * counts as particles per cubic metre of air. * develops from the microspore mother cells. * does get to fertilize the polar nuclei, which in turn provide food for the embryo - provide some minor nutrients and minerals to the birds that consume it * drifting from adjacent fields can contaminate organic crops. * drifts from one field to another - on the wind and catches on the minute hairs of the silks * enters flowers. * enters the air from flowers and salt crystals form when ocean spray dries - nose or eyes and lands on mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract * fertilizes flowers - pistils * fine powder produced by certain plants when they reproduce - flowers, trees, grass and weeds * germinates to produce a pollen tube. * has benefits - health benefits * have durable cell walls, made of a substance called sporopollenin. * includes sections. * including trees, grasses, weeds and ragweed are some outdoor allergens. * influences the size, shape, and ripening time of the fruit. * is again crucial for honey bee brood development, and is made into bee bread. * is also a remedy for hay fever and allergies - mildly diuretic and emenagogue - rich in protein - autofluorescent under several wavelengths of light - blown by the wind - brought by the wind direct to the micropyle of the ovules - collected by bees and provides the essential protein for brood development * is contained in masses which are interconnected and called Pollinia - inside the anthers - developed in the pollen sacs - disseminated by insects * is distributed by the wind - primarily by the wind - essential for the production of larval food and for brood rearing in honey bee colonies - high in protein, carbohydrate, lipids, and vitamins - joined with the ovule inside a seed, and genetic material in the two parts combine - just a polite term for plant sperm - life itself * is light and is often carried considerable distances by the wind - very easily picked up by wind - enough to be carried by air currents or insects * is located in air - on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower * is made into food for the larvae and workers - up of tiny particles from trees, grasses, and weeds - microscopic in size - mixed with water to form a type of bread fed to the growing larvae - more concentrated in the air at night - most important in feeding the larvae - moved from flower to flower by wind or animals - part of many flowers - probably disseminate by solitary agapostemon or andrinid bees - most non-cultivated plants * is produced by the male organ, called the stamen - stamen , the male reproductive organ of the flower - inside the anthers, and released when each anther splits open - removed from flowers deliberately or incidentally by bumblebees - ripe for gathering when the ball of anthers is brownish in color, loose and friable - shed and carried by the wind to reach the receptive ovules * is shed during stigma receptivity after flower opens - before flower opens - each time that a plant flowers and much of it falls to earth - prior to stigma receptivity * is spread by the wind and by insects to organic crops growing nearby - winds and by insects - from flower to flower by such natural mechanisms as wind and insects - in one of two ways in a country like Britain - on the wind, or by insects * is the dice-throw of trees in the craps game of survival - gametophyte generation of seed plants - only natural protein source for honey bees - substance found in plants that fertilizes other, like plants - transferred mainly by wind and insects * is very high in vitamin B which increases energy and stamina - light and is easily transported by the wind - well mixed by atmospheric turbulence, which results in a more or less uniform pollen rain * made by male gametophytes. * male sex cell produced in large quantity by most plants. * natural product and it is responsible for a great deal of the misery * originate from plants. * part of life. * produced by flowers that is typically consumed by bats is high in protein. * provides colony members with vital amino acids, vitamins, and fats - most of their dietary protein * provides protein and fats necessary for the production of food for young larva - stimulates ovary development, preparing the queen to begin egg laying * relatively large particulate that is readily filtered from the body by the nose. * relies on the wind to sweep it from one plant to the next. * remains in the open thecae until contacted by insects or washed out by rain. * serves purposes - same purposes * shedding from walnut trees can cause allergic reactions in people and horses. - and can live for a long time, and under adverse cir- cumstances * stimulates ovarian function. * stored in the hive is used as a source of protein in feeding the developing larvae. * supplies all the nutrients a bee needs for growth and development. * tends to collect on the exposed body surfaces and especially in the hair. * triggers an allergic reaction in people suffering from hay fever. * very fine powder released by trees, weeds and grasses - nutritious food * yellow, powdery dust.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| spore \| pollen: Airborne pollen * are exactly that, pollens that are transferred via the wind. * major allergen responsible for hay fever. Bee pollen * Most bee pollen comes from flowers - consists of plant pollen * Most bee pollen contains elements - many elements - substances - has health benefits * Some bee pollen causes reaction. * Some bee pollen contains nutrients - vitamins * can relieve brain fatigue and improve alertness. * has benefits Fresh pollen * Most fresh pollen contains pheromone. - pheromones, which stimulates the queen to commence laying * varies in taste depending upon the flowers from which it was gathered. Maize pollen * can disperse with the wind over long distances. * is collected and filtered to eliminate anthers. Tiny spore * Some tiny spores grow into fungi - myceliums * are produced in fruiting bodies.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| spore: Zoospore * Many zoospores are produced in each cell. * adhere to roots, form a cyst, and germinate. * are able to swim for hours and are attracted to organic matter or host tissue - many hours and are attracted to organic matter or host tissue - biflagellate and chemotactic - bitlagellate - flagellated, naked, and motile * are formed in most genera - only by aquatic species or by terrestrial ones which have become flooded * are made in other algae also - singly in cell - motile and swim about when soil moisture is high * are produced asexually in a sporangium - by nearly all conf ervoid forms - in unilocular or plurilocular sporangia - only in the cells of the lobes - similar to the sessile cells but are naked - usually uninucleate, but binucleate zoospores have been detected * can attach to roots, germinate and infect the plant tissues. * can swim for some minutes, after which time they encyst and germinate - several feet through water or water films to infect a susceptible host * develop in the zoosporangia and then escape into the water. * differentiate to become amoeba by losing flagella. * germinate to form gametophyte. * infect feeder roots just behind the root cap - the root behind the root tip * invade the root cortex, in which secondary multinucleate plasmodia develop - tips of young fleshy roots * possibly escape from the cysts through pores in the cyst wall. * settle, grow into haploid heterothallic isomorphic gametophytes. * swim through water, contact roots of susceptible hosts, germinate, and infect - toward the root and encyst on the root surface Zygospore * Some zygospores undergo meiosis. * also form when conditions become unfavorable. * are formed between tong-like suspensors - multicellular and are mostly teresterial * includes sections. * result from the fusion of two similar hyphal elements. * subglobose or oblong, sporoderin rather thick, even. * subglobose, brown, even.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Stamen * Most stamens consist of filament - long filament * Most stamens contain pollen - viable pollen - have filament * Most stamens produce pistils - pollen pistils * Some stamens are part of anemones - angiosperms - blossoms - bluebottles - buds - carnation - catkins - daisies - dicotyledons - florets - helianthuses - marigolds - monocots - orchids - poppies - snapdragons - snowdrops - sunflowers - vanillas - wildflowers * Some stamens consist of slender stalks - contain anthers * Some stamens produce grain - pollen grain - surround green carpels * are numerous and attached to the rim of the hypanthium - numerous, sometimes coherent in bundles - of considerable importance in classifying plants - part of flowers - separated into anthers, which produce pollen, and filaments - the male parts and carpels are the female parts * are the male reproductive organs of flowers - parts of flowers - most conspicuous part of the flower - part of the flower that produces pollen - pollen producing structures - same size of the petals or shorter - hairy filaments and yellow anthers * includes anthers * mature before ovary. * possess anthers. * produce male sex cells in the pollen grain - microspores that later develop into pollen grains that contain male gametophytes * produce pollen grains, which contain two sperm cells, while carpels contain the egg cells * reproductive structure	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Stem * Most stems bear single flowers - carry water * Most stems grow above the ground but some, called rhizomes, grow underground - from seeds - to height - upright and support the leaves and reproductive organs of plants * Most stems have large tap roots - outer surfaces - oval leaves - shape leaves - make flowers * Most stems produce flowers - take roots * Some stems are so narrow as to be threadlike, as in many tropical epiphytic ferns - submerged in water * Some stems contain buds - proteins - develop into leaves * Some stems grow along the ground or underground - from buds * Some stems have many branches - nodes - shapes - make plants * Some stems produce compounds - inflorescences - tendrils * Stems Denotes the tannin-rich stalks of the grape bunch which carry the berries. * act as channels through which water and solules reach the leaves. * also carry water, minerals, and sap around the plant - produce new living tissue allowing plants to grow and reproduce * appear as leafless, thread-like branching vines. * are also parts of plants - an indispensable part of the plants - composed of repeating segments, including nodes and internodes.b - elongated and plants set many small tubers - found only in vascular plants - frameworks for upright growth and to display flowers - generally positively phototropic, i. e., they grow toward the light - girdled and plants die - more digestible than other legumes - most commonly responsible for asexual reproduction - of two types, flowering and vegetative * are part of apples - pipes - the structures which support the leaves so that they are exposed to the sun - tubes * are used for pushing boats in shallow water - to transport water and nutrients to the upper parts of the plant * attain height. * bear both leaves and flowers - fragrant flowers * become girdled, and the plants wilt and die. * bend toward light, changing direction with the source of light. * can also have appendages other than leaves - be herbaceous like the bendable stem of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree - eventually branch with age, or from damage to the growth center - survive composting and exposure to sun * carry minerals up from the roots in the soil to the leaves on top * cause friction for the flow of the water, thus reducing water velocity. * come in many varieties which also include the trunks of trees. * consist of nodes and internodes. * contain cyanide and can be toxic. * decay at or below soil surface. * form - new plants where they touch the ground and pieces readily take root * frequently occur in clusters from a vertical root that can extend many feet underground. * grow above ground and root at nodes - horizontally above ground and root at the nodes - the longest in total darkness cause there is no blue light to inhibit their growth * grow to full height - towards the sunlight and support the plants leaves, so that they can make food * have cells called meristems that annually generate new living tissue - functions - holes - leathery leaves * have smooth outer surfaces - tissue called the meristem which contains dividing cells * includes corpi - leaf nodes - sections * produce bright flowers - tubular flowers - yellow flowers * provide structure and support for leaves, flowers and fruits - support for leaves and reproductive structures * reach length. * rot at soil level. * serve to lift a plant s leaves up towards the sunlight. * usually have higher nitrate content than leaves. + Plant stem, Economic importance * There are thousands of species whose stems have economic uses. Stems provide a few major staple crops such as potato and taro. Sugar cane stems are a major source of sugar. Maple sugar is got from trunks of maple trees. Vegetables from stems are asparagus, bamboo shoots, cactus pads, kohlrabi, and water chestnut. The spice, cinnamon is bark from a tree trunk - stem: Plant anatomy * The production of new living tissue. Stems have tissue called the meristem which contains dividing cells. This produces new living tissue each year + Stem (music), Notation: Musical notation * Stems are the lines which extend from the notehead. Stems may point up or down. Different-facing stems indicate the voice for polyphonic music written on the same staff. For single-note melodies, the stems usually point down for notes on the middle line or higher, and up for those below. If the stem points up from a notehead, the stem starts at the right-hand side of the note, but if it points down, it starts from the left. The exception to this rule is when a chord contains a second, in which case the stem runs between the two notes, the higher being placed on the left of the stem and the lower on the right.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem: Aerial stem * are killed by frost. * die back after first frost.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| stem: Corm * also have a non-persistent root system that lives only one season - nonpersistent root system that lives only one season * are also food storage centers but are more scaly and solid - bulb shaped, underground stem bases with a solid, bottom basal plate - dry, hard, and mummified - ready for digging about six weeks after they have bloomed * are ready to dig in four to six weeks after blooms are finished or when the tops die off - when the tops have died - short, rounded stems with buds located at the top * are similar to bulbs but are solid when cut rather than possessing rings - bulbs, except there are no leaves, only a swollen stem that feeds new growth * are solid masses of stem tissue - tissue, rather than layered like true bulbs - stalks - stem tissue, modified and developed to store food * are the base of a stem that becomes swollen and solid with nutrients - bulblike bases of the plant's stem - undifferentiated, uniform, and contain no rings when cut apart - vertical underground stem, and they grow thicker as they continue growing * divide easily after foliage has died back. * generally tend to be flatter in shape than round, true bulbs. * have a basal plate at the bottom and one or more growing points at the top - tunic - wet, soft rot - dark brown to black lesions, which sink inward * is walnut size or larger. * look like true bulbs on the outside except they are shorter and more flat - similar to bulbs but have some important differences * rot from the center outward - in the field or storage Corn stalk * Some corn stalks are part of corn - popcorn * make convenient pole bean supports. * rot in Iowa. * snap off at about a foot or two above the ground. Culm * Some culms have green stripes between the internodes. * are green for the first few months, turning black with sunlight by the end of the year * arise from long underground rhizomes. * bear four to six leaves. * bend at nodes. * can be black, blue, yellow, pink, brown, or green. * have short internodes, are durable and pest resistant.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| stem: Flower stalk * Most flower stalks have production - seed production * Most flower stalks produce flowers - seeds - shape flowers - reach height * are a nuisance, and produce small black seeds which sprout everywhere - at the leaf axils - dwarfed, curled, and twisted - long and slender and terminate in a single flower - rare with softneck garlic - stunted and flowers are malformed * range from four to seven feet tall. * shoot up from the plant, rising two feet or more. * support flowers - solitary flowers * towers over leaves. Flower stem * bear flowers - single flowers * have leaves. Herbaceous stem * Most herbaceous stems have outer surfaces. * Most herbaceous stems have smooth outer surfaces * Some herbaceous stems have buds - terminal buds * are soft, green and flexible - the stems of annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants * die back to the ground every year. Hollow stem * Most hollow stems grow to height. * is caused by rapid growth and boron deficiency. Horizontal stem * Most horizontal stems produce roots. * begin to form in the crown and develop into rhizomes or stolons.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem: Onion * All onions belong to a plant group called alliums. * Make a poultice of roasted onions and apply to the bruise. * Most onions contain necessary nutrients - grown in Oregon are long-day onions - have properties - provide nutrients * Some onions have more sulfur than others. * ' are vegetables. They are plants in the genus 'Allium'. When people talk about onions, they usually mean 'garden onions'. Onions have bulbs, which are edible, in most species. They have a strong flavour, and a very distinctive smell. * Use an all-purpose chef's knife to cut the onion in half lengthwise. * adapt well to the home Garden and occupy little Garden space. * also benefit from additional nitrogen. * also contain a compound effective in boosting immune response - substance that interferes with the formation of blood clots - has antiviral properties - have a limited life span in the romantic world - play into most dishes - possess the ability to kill a wide variety of germs - require high fertility because they are heavy feeders - yield very well in sandy loan soil * appreciate fertilizer and can take twice as much as most other vegetables. * are a member of the Allium family and have long been used for medical purposes - very versatile vegetable which are rich in nutrients, starch, and essential elements - acidic * are also a source of vitamin C, potassium, dietary fiber and folic acid - vegetable crop that has shown steady increases in acreage in recent years - effective in cholesterol control - modified leaves, but they store food for the plant - useful in dealing with pimples - among some of man's most ancient cultivated crops * are among the first plants to turn green in the spring - hardiest of all garden-vegetable plants - world's oldest cultivated plants - amongst the most common high-fibre foods, which include beans, cabbage and turnips - an example of a bulb - cool-season vegetables and grow successfully in Arkansas gardens - daylength sensitive * are difficult for archaeologists to track because their tissues leave little trace - to match with wine - easy to grow - great companions plants for carrots - high in sulfur content - highly poisonous to cats * are in a different family from lettuce - fact bulbs - indispensable in cooking and salads - just one of many examples of monocot crop species * are located in dinner - markets - pantries - pizzas - refrigerators - long-day plants in terms of bulb formation * are low in calories and a good source of vitamin C, calcium, potassium and fibre - calories, high in vitamin C and rich in fiber - nutrients but are valued for their flavour - sodium and contain no fat - plants with sparse root systems so keep weeds under control - mature when the top of the plant falls over - nearly ripe when the tips of the leaves turn yellow - newspapers - of two general types * are part of onions - the basic foundation for many international and regional cuisines - resistant to rain and hard to spoil - satire - second only to apples in pesticide use per acre - sensitive to the length of day light and are divided into short day and long day types - shallow rooted - shallow-rooted and compete poorly with weeds - sharp tasting vegetables - slow-growing and have shallow roots, and weeds are just the opposite - sometimes roasted whole - subject to injury from seedcorn maggot and other soil insects during fall production - the standard seasoning base and also the world's greatest known antihistamine * are toxic to dogs - the red blood cells of both dogs and cats * are very sensitive to day length - shallow rooted and moisture stress is very detrimental - susceptible to hail and wind damage - widely grown throughout the world and the diversity of onion germplasm is quite large * are, after all, an essential ingredient in northern Indian food. * belong to the family alliaceae and are often in great demand in Kenya. * block certain enzymes that release cancer-causing agents - enzymes, which release cancer-causing agents * bulbous plant * can help to heal typhoid, flu, and scarlet fever - produce odor in the stool - tolerate some frost * cause diarrhea, and sometimes vomiting in birds. * close relative of garlic and contains many similar antiviral chemicals. * come in many types - the colors white, yellow or red - three basic varieties, red, white and yellow * compete poorly with weeds, so weeds can drastically reduce yield and quality. * contain a fair amount of vitamin C with traces of other vitamins and minerals - mild natural sedative called quercetin * contain an enzyme that break down the prostaglandin's that form in response to a sting - ingredient called thiosulphate which is toxic to cats and dogs - quercetin, an antioxidant scientists believe destroys free radicals - substances that destroy red blood cells - sulfur and have healing properties - sulpher, which is released when they are cut - the chemical n-propyl disulfide which denatures hemoglobin - vitamin A and C, phosphorus and potassium * contribute depth to salsas, pizza, pasta sauces, casseroles and stews. * germplasm interacts with sulfur fertility for plant sulfur utilization and bulb pungency. * get their distinctive smell by soaking up sulfur from the soil. * grow best in cool weather - fertile soil that drains well - well with mulching * grown from sets, transplants and seeds are susceptible to attack by the onion maggot. * has many qualities in common with garlic. * have a high iodine content - powerful, lasting smell and flavor - been a Mediterranean staple from prehistory, although it's origins are purely Asian - bulbs , which are edible , in most species - healing and relieving qualities - shallow roots and compete poorly with weeds and grasses - skin - small light green tops - the additional quality of repelling rabbits and deer * help repel carrot rust flies. * helps as a stimulant to improve the circulatory process and thus keeps heart attacks at bay - cuts, burns, and other injuries to heal faster when applied topically * hold their flavor through storage if they are poperly dried. * includes corpi - leaf nodes - sections * is an inegral part of cooking all over the world - olfactory indicator - grown either as green or bunching types, or as bulbs - loaded with a variety of nutrients and fatty acids that are essential for hair growth - more used as a vegetable * is one of the most important aphrodisiac foods, second only to garlic - oldest cultivated herbs - proved to be one of the common home remedy for treating various diseases including sprain * keep aphids from harming lettuce, beets, tomatoes and cabbage - longest in unlighted storage at cool temperatures * makes parts that turn unto bulbs and new plants. * multicellular organism. * often recover from flooding, but with an increased incidence of internal soft rot. * perennial herb that grows from a bulb. * plays a key role in the formulation of many food products. * prefer a loose soil which is high in organic matter - rich, moist and loose soil * reduce the vomiting and diarrhea almost instantly and also increase the thirst of the person. * reproduce asexually by budding - producing bulbs - by bulbs * require a fertile soil - high source of nitrogen - full sun and grow best on raised beds - higher fertility levels than most other vegetables - very fertile soil * respond to both compost and commercial fertilizers. * roasted in foil are especially good with roast duckling. * seem to fend off most pests and diseases - possess many medicinal properties * start bulb formation when the day length is of the proper duration - length is right * stimulate the production of blood. * tend to create heat in the body - lose their flavor when simmered for extended periods * thrive under a wide variety of climatic and soil conditions. * vary in color, with white yellow, and red predominating - size, shape, colour, and pungency * work great at absorbing mold and mildew smells. + Onion, How onions are eaten: Root vegetables :: Allium * Onions can be eaten in different ways. Fried onions are often served with hot dogs. Pickled onions are eaten with chips or with salad. Chopped onions are put in many stews and curries. Onions are sometimes roasted whole.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem \| onion: Chopped onion * are put in many stews and curries. + Onion, How onions are eaten: Root vegetables :: Allium * Onions can be eaten in different ways. Fried onions are often served with hot dogs. Pickled onions are eaten with chips or with salad. Chopped onions are put in many stews and curries. Onions are sometimes roasted whole. Dry onion * Most dry onions take two to four months before they are ready. * come in a wide range of sizes, shapes and flavors. Fresh onion * basic ingredient of olive salads, cheese and other protein food. * have a flavor that is milder and sweeter with a lighter color and thin skin. Green onion * are also potent enzyme boosters, as are many other vegetables - very young onions and include leeks, shallots, chives and scallions * become stronger in flavor with age and increasing size. * benefit from light misting. * cause about five percent of outbreaks of food poisoning from produce, worldwide. * grow best on beds formed with a rototiller or similar bed shaper. * is an onion * lend their color and flavor. Scallion * are rich in diallyl sulfide and help protect against cancer of the stomach - white bunching onions that are icked before they develop bulbs * commonly known as green onions, are in the onion family. * give an onion flavor. Spanish onion * are a large yellow onion that is milder and sweeter than most storage onions - storage onion, as round as a globe - large, sweet, and juicy, with colour ranging from yellow to red * can substitute for specialty sweet onions out of season. White onion * are hot with a sharper flavor than yellows - normally mild and sweet in taste and red onions are the sweetest - the traditional onion used in classic Mexican cuisine * tend to be more pungent than yellows or reds. Yellow onion * Most yellow onions contain nutrients. * are a common sight in most people's kitchens - full-flavored and are a reliable standby for cooking almost anything * tend to be easier to grow than whites or reds.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| stem: Petiole * Most petioles have wings. * Some petioles arise from stems. * Some petioles have nodes - thorns - look like leaves - vary in length * are about half as long as the leaf blade - almost as long as the leaf blade * are as long as leaf blades and have retrorse prickles - the blade - or longer than the leaves themselves - deformed - green without anthocyanin pigmentation - light green with red pigment at the base - long with sheathing at the base - often longer than the blades - stalks - the best indicator of nitrogen status - upright, brittle, and commonly crack - used to plug up burrows, and for food * exudes a milky sap when broken - cut * gradually die back and fall. * have a sheathing base - red pigmentation * includes corpi - leaf nodes - sections * is the stemlike part of the leaf. * remain green after the leaf blade dies. * rugulose, glabrous or hispidulose, exstipulate, the bases dilated and subsheathing. * stout, occasionally winged and with small glands. Phyllode * are generally thicker, joining the stems firmly,with edges facing the sun - rigid, sickle-shaped and pointed * have a leaf-like appearance and can be enormously variable in size and shape.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem: Rhizome * Many rhizomes display an extraordinary capacity for regulating the depth at which they grow. * Most rhizomes contain acid - develop just below the soil surface - grow from roots * Most rhizomes have layers - outer layers * Most rhizomes produce flowers - growth - shoots - take up water * Some rhizomes are submerged in water. * Some rhizomes contain latex - red latex - starches - form tubers - grow in water * Some rhizomes grow into banana plants - under water where they can be safe from the fire * Some rhizomes have buds - holes - leaf fans - small holes - soft texture - stolons - sweet flavor - young buds * Some rhizomes produce plants - productive plants - serve purposes * actively grow in the summer, producing aerial shoots in the fall. * allow for spread and the production of additional plants with the same genetic makeup - plants to survive the periodic fires, which prevent trees from taking over - the plant to form sizeable colonies * also contain stored nutrients to support initial growth. * are an underground network that spread out from the host plant just below the soil surface - another distinguishing characteristic common among many ferns - available from an increasing number of sources - basically underground extensions of the stem - below ground creeping stems, and stolons are above ground creeping stems * are elongate and extensively creeping in habit - produce extensive lateral growth - endless, as are desire and the imagination * are horizontal below-ground stems - modification of the stems - plant stems that are often meaty and swollen, and usually grow underground * are horizontal roots than grow at, or just below the surface of the soil - that grow underground * are horizontal stems that are similar to stolons except that they grow underground - tunnels beneath the surface of the soil - underground stems that can produce new from their nodes - life, rhizomes are art - long stems that grow horizontally out under the dirt - modified root stems of varying sizes - poisonous - protected from fire by the depth of overlying soil and by their extensiveness - really thickened stems that run horizontally - root-like stems that grow horizontally under the ground * are scaly and often form an almost impenetrable mat - yellowish * are stems that grow horizontally underground - which grow horizontally under the ground * are the horizontal stems, or creeping rootstalks - most common stem form - stem-like part of the plant and lie against the host - tubes and tunnels left by a living plant as it searches for water in the sediment * are thick and scaly - thick, fleshy, horizontal underground stems * are underground stems capable of producing new plants - that grow outward from the base of the plant - with buds located at the tips of the branches - underground, creeping stems that are capable of forming new plants - usually white - whitish, branched, scaly and sharp at the tips * bind underwater soils, inhibiting erosion. * break easily and are often left in the ground. * can also form above the soil level - grow again along another line if broken at some point - penetrate root vegetables and become wiry and fibrous over time - stand prolong dry periods * connect plants in a living network - into living networks - water and nutrients allowing ferns to recover quickly after heavy grazing or fire * develop at depths far below the zone of rhizome development for most species - new shoots after fire * differ from other storage structures by growing horizontally under the surface of the soil. * enable plants. * form along the roots and are renewed each growing season - secondary fibrous root structure * generally creep or spread, unlike tubers. * grow along or just below bottom sediments - and develop buds along their length - below ground for a short distance, then rise to the soil surface to form new shoots * grow from other rhizomes and send shoots up to the surface, and roots down into the ground - in a linear pattern and bear new shoots at regular intervals - leaves and flowers from the top and, rather expectedly, roots from the bottom - throughout the summer developing from buds on old rhizomes - to the soil surface and produce new shoots - well in peat but can also penetrate to mineral soil * have a dry, mealy rot - enough energy to push through the pre-emergent * infected by soft rot are slimy, soft and foul-smelling. * occur and fibrous roots are also produced at the base at each node of the trailing stem. - tubers and basal bulbs that bear aerial shoots * radiate from the base of a culm in the top two feet of soil. * represent important carbohydrate sinks for Kentucky bluegrass. * reproduce by spreading horizontally underground, or on the ground surface. * seem to crawl down the side of pots or baskets. * send up numerous aboveground shoots of two different types at various times of the year. * spread aggressively , producing many new plants - horizontally in all directions during the growing season - rapidly, so give it plenty of room to grow * tolerate considerable desiccation.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem \| rhizome: Large rhizome * Most large rhizomes enable plants. * are capable of forming bunches or continuous sods. - rapid spread to form dense patches several yards in diameter Scape * are slender but strong enough to carry the weight of buds and blooms - sometimes so damaged that seed pods often dry and break off before the pod matures - stalks * provide a context for agent interaction and sets of rules that govern agent behavior. Sporangiophore * are dark, solitary or in clusters, arising opposite rhizoids at a node. * arise among distinctive, root-like rhizoids - from mycelium * come out of stomata on under surface of leaf in humiod weather.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| stem: Stick * Most sticks float in water. * Most sticks have shadows - strength * Some stick insects species seem to have indeed eliminated all males from their species - sticks are made for certain instruments * also produce thatch and basket materials. * are arms - butters - carbon atom bonds - implements - levers - limbs * are located in forests - grass - mud - trees - wood - made of wood - margarines - part of ice hockeys - people - punishment - sports equipment - the currency of the colony - trees and leaves are grass * are used for a variety of purposes - beating - fuel - hitting - support * can be any length. * have features. * have several different features * includes bark - corpi - leaf nodes - sections * is an implement - energenic, and primitive * placed in deep, near vertical forks result in cylindrical or conical nests - tree forks result in cylindrical or conical shaped nests + Drum stick: Drums * There are many kinds of drumsticks. Some sticks are made for certain instruments. For instance, a drum kit stick may look very different from a snare drum stick. Weight, length, and tip size are all altering factors in a stick. ### plant part \| stem \| stick: Dowser * Some dowsers openly claim paranormal powers. * tense their arms so that the rod exaggerates even a small movement. Hockey stick * Some hockey sticks have components. * are hook-shaped with a flat side and a rounded side - located in toy stores * make it so players can controll the puck.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| stem \| stick: Meter stick * are marked off in parts of a meter. * have units called centimeters and millimeters. + Quantity, Measuring, Decimal numbers: Numbers * When measuring things, a whole number might not be the best answer. A distance might be longer than 5 meters, but less than 6 meters. Meter sticks are marked off in parts of a meter. Decimals are formed by marking off a ruler in ten equal parts. Each part is a tenth. 5.2 meters is a little bit longer than 5 meters. 5.7 meters is a little bit shorter than 6 meters. Each of these tenths can be marked with ten smaller parts. Sticky trap * Most sticky traps are yellow, a color which seems to attract more insects. * are another non-toxic means of insect and spider control - the main tool for monitoring pest populations * attract a wide variety of flying insects.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| stem: Tree trunk * are made of wood. * are often a warmer colour nearer the ground due to reflected light - too shaded or easily climbed by squirrels and snakes - rounds - sculptures, children at play are paintings - usually too shady for bat boxes - wide and flared and tree bark is thin and smooth * can also give a garden a rythmic pattern. * grow twisted, slowly, and form impenetrable thicket. * radiate the day's heat to the ground to protect bursting seeds from frost. * stand naked, as winter brings colder air and water temperatures, ice and snow.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem: Trunk * Many trunk rot fungi and stem diseases attack red maple. * Most trunks have holes - important functions - many important functions - reach height - vary in diameters * Some trunks are part of acacias - apricots - aspen - baobabs - beeches - cocos - conifers - elms - gingkoes - guavas - laurels - mandarins - mangroves - papaya - pine - pinyons - rowans - spruces - titis - submerged in water * Some trunks become organs - prehensile organs - contain fluid - grow feet - have tissue * Some trunks produce green leaves * are appendages - baggage - body parts - complicated, prehensile organs, and as such they require sophisticated muscular control * are located in attics - automobiles - bedrooms - cars - garages - zoos - noses * are part of automobiles - solid objects - stable enough to resist the wind's pulling - swimsuits * are used for storage * bend and weave and usually lean to one side. * can form air roots - grow more than six feet in diameter * create drag in the water and cotton gets heavy when wet and can cause chafing. * have functions - corpi * is luggage * often divides and forms a multistemmed plant. * originate from roots. * program to manage e-mail discussion groups, or mailing lists. * wounds to a young tree can have a severe dwarfing effect. * wraps, in theory, help prevent sunscald and cracks on thin-bark trees such as maple and birch.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem: Twig * Most twigs fall from trees. * Most twigs have buds - diameters * Some twigs become trees. * A 'twig' small, thin branch. Twigs are very important in telling apart trees, shrubs and vines, especially in wintertime. * also are reddish-brown and somewhat rough - float on water * are also hairy - angular and hairy * are bright brown in color - yellow-green * are brown and densely hairy - scaly with red-brown buds - brown, stout and hairy with large terminal buds showing loose outer scales * are brown-gray and pubescent - with reddish hair - brown-gray, stout and sometimes with corky wings * are dark brown, some tendrils or shredding in stirps - with orange lenticels and black lateral buds with two overlapping scales - densely woolly, or hairy, and bright brown in color - fairly flexible where black willow twigs snap easily - four-sided, finely hairy and brownish when young - fragrant * are glabrous and cylindrical, and young leaves and twigs are red in colour - slightly angled - or only slightly hairy * are glabrous, or only slightly hairy, and a glossy, dark brown - when young and have a light reddish-brown color - shiny, and reddish-brown in color - slender, reddish, and shiny - golden-yellow, especially in winter and early spring * are gray and glandular - glaucous with shield-shaped leaf scars containing a single bundle scar - gray, zigzag, armed with spines, and with raised leaf scars and sunken lateral buds - gray-brown and scaly - gray-white and smooth * are grayish in color and smooth, with enlargements at the joints - green and smooth with prominent, hairy, red-brown buds * are green to light gray with lenticels - purplish-green with white fuzzy lateral buds - red-brown and scurfy - green-yellow with spines - hairless and have blunt hairless buds - hairless, green or red, end bud present - hairy with white-brown hairy buds - in a upright position - light brown to gray with prominent lenticels * are light gray and hairy when young - pubescent with lenticels - located in trees - lustrous - moderate in diameter, brown, with half-round leaf scars with three bundle scars - moderately stout and slightly angled - moderatley stout, orange-tan in color - much stouter and glabrous, or only slightly hairy, when young with orangish-brown bark - often minutely pubescent * are often shiny or somewhat glaucous - waxy - spiny-tipped and rather slender - thorny - olive brown in color, pubescent, stout, and heavily lenticeled - orange-brown to gray - pale red-brown and peeling - pubescent and have a red-brown covering or hairy bloom * are red-brown and hairless - hairy with prominent lenticels - smooth with pubescent, angled terminal buds clustered on the ends of twigs - waxy, often with thorns * are red-brown with a very pointed, slender terminal bud fringed with hair - waxy bloom - hair and conspicuous lenticels * are red-brown, hairy and with spur shoots often showing thorns - slender, and zigzag - smooth and slender * are reddish brown and tend to droop - to gray, smooth or occasionally sparsely hairy * are reddish-brown and glabrous - when young, becoming gray with age - reddish-gray in the fall - relatively stout with stellate pith and clustered buds at the end of the twig - shrunken and brown to black - silvery-brown and scaly * are slender and light brown, becoming grey at maturity - stunted - to moderately stout - with yellow valvate buds * are slender, light orange in color and bear short, sharp thorns - red, glabrous, and often end in a spine - reddish or greenish, covered with many raised warts and often zigzag - reddish-brown, smooth - shiny, greenish brown to reddish brown - zigzag, and red-brown - slnder, reddish-brown, slightly hairy at first becoming smooth * are smooth and angled with chestnut brown buds, shield-shaped leaf scars and one bundle scar - purple-brown - zigzag with wooly lateral buds and leaf scars surrounding the bud - with round, pubescent buds * are smooth, exuding milky sap when broken - zigzag, and shiny chestnut brown with chestnut brown buds * are stout and gray-brown with light brown hairy buds with valvate scales - notched leaf scars - green-gray with lenticels and wooly maroon hair - red-brown in color - smooth with velvety hairy white buds and stipular scars surrounding the twig - stiff - vigorous - zigzag with large sometimes branched thorns * are stout with a large, pointed, sticky, green terminal bud - paired stipular spines at each node - stout, angular, smooth, and covered with a whitish coat that can be wiped off * are stout, green and flat with stout, sharp thorns - with yellow hairs when young and have scattered blackish spines - never reddish - orange-brown and are usually densely hairy * are stout, red-brown and hairy with large hairy terminal buds - scaly with prominent silvery white buds - reddish to greenish brown and without hairs - smooth and generally grey in colour - stunted and die back - thin and zigzag - thin, reddish - tree branchs - used to clean teeth, while the bark is said to be useful for toothaches * are usually green or red - reddish, with smooth, white trunk, gray-green evergreen foliage - spindly and stunted - very important in telling apart trees , shrubs and vines , especially in wintertime - wiry, extremely slender, covered with tiny hairs, light brown to reddish brown * are zigzag and green to red, yellow, or brown - with 'dunce-cap' buds and leaf scars encircling the buds - zigzag, hairy and with lenticels and triangular leaf scars * bear bright yellow valvate buds. * become dark green and oily looking when infected - orange-brown with age * break easily from the branches. * contain a wide, yellowish-brown pith and yield a milky sap when cut or bruised. * die back and large, diffuse, targetlike splotches form on canes - due to girdling cankers - in late summer * end in spines. - off the trees * finally become reddish or orange-brown in color when mature. * gradually die back from the tips. * hang perpendicular to the earth and the tree is very droopy. * have a bitter, almond taste - light brown spotted stem which turns red towards the top - appearances * have conspicuous corky wings that protrude one-half inch - lateral buds but lack terminal buds - flat, corky wings which disappear with older growth - light reddish-brown bark - no end buds and very small side buds - orange bark - rag appearances - rough appearances - sessile, pointed axillary buds - thornlike spurs - thorns or spines * hold tightly packed buds that contain next spring's foliage. * includes bark - leaf nodes - sections * is one of the pups. * look like branches , look like trees. * often curve inward from the midpoint, tracing the outline of a wine goblet - have corky, winged projections - zigzag slightly from node to node * reddish brown when young, graying with age, densely hairy, becoming glabrous. * smell somewhat bad when crushed. * stay green throughout winter. * taste like wintergreen. * typically take the shape of cones, with the skinniest part being near the top. * usually pubescent or glandular-pubescent. * wither and die back from girdling cankers or a crown rot. * yield birdlime.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| stem \| twig: Infected twig * become swollen, distorted, and if girdled can die. * exude creamy bacterial ooze in droplets or fine, hair-like strands. * serve as important sources of inoculum. * tend to die easily. Infested twig * are very subject to wind breakage. * break off in the wind. Twig blight * can continue to infect fruit-bearing twigs at all stages of development. * causes death and browning of twigs tips - the stems of plants to die and can result in reduced fruit production * is blight - caused by several fungi and is worse in rainy seasons * problem on some varieties, especially the yellow-twig types. ### plant part \| stigma: Social stigma * causes people to avoid needed treatment. * turns self-perceived virtues into the vices of separateness and condemnation.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Stolon * Most stolons produce plants - require sunlight * Some stolons have creep growth habits * are above ground runners, while rhizomes are under ground runners - above-ground stems that spread horizontally for vegetative reproduction * are flat, smooth, usually bent and root at the nodes - widely branched and root at each node - hairy and creeping - horizontal stems that grow above the soil surface - nesessary for the exchange of nutritions - similar to runners - weak stems that root readily, assuring rapid colonization * arise from the base of the plant. * connecting parent and daughter plants usually die off in fall. * develop at least by the time the fifth leaf emerges - basally - above-ground and form nodes which give rise to new plants - aboveground such as on strawberries, and are also called runners * grow from the leaf axils during the summer to produce new rosettes - in spring and summer and growth peaks in late summer * includes sections. * often remain green. * plant organ - part * produce a thick, dense turf that supports moderate traffic * root at the nodes to form new rosettes that are genetically identical to the parent. Stroma * Some stromas contain enzymes. * are plant tissue. * is animal tissue<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Stump * Some stumps are part of acacias - apricots - aspen - baobabs - beeches - chicots - cocos - conifers - elms - gingkoes - guavas - hollies - laurels - mandarins - mangroves - papaya - pine - pinyons - rowans - spruces - titis - trees - willows * Some stumps attract ants - carpenter ants - survive fire * are body parts. * are part of limbs - tooths - wickets - posts - prepared in the late dormant season immediately before buds swell - safety and aesthetic concerns - stubs - susceptible for several weeks after cutting * bring in a lot of unwanted soil and gravel. * can be massive in a big tree - destroy outdrives, outboard and boat hulls * natural object * plant part. * produce a very vigorous growth. * rooted carrot does well in poor garden soil.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Tendril * Some tendrils are leaves or stipules, others are modified stems - arise from stems - can respond to contact quite rapidly, in only a few minutes - emerge from seeds - grow on stems * Some tendrils have adhesive pads - peas - provide sustenance * appear every third leaf oppositely are reddish in color and used for growth along surfaces. * are always modified leaves or leaflets - common in vines and used for support - long and simple * are slim, flexible leafless stems that wrap around structures - shoots or, in some cases, leaf-like parts that act as tendrils - flexible, leafless stems that wrap themselves around anything they contact - usually modified leaves, branching like the veins of a normal leaf * develop in the base of leaf petioles. * look like string.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Xylem * Most xylem carries water. * Some xylem is part of acacias - brambles - bushes - cayenne - cedar - cocos - gooseberries - grapefruit - hawthorns - heathers - huckleberries - jasmine - juniper - lilacs - marijuana - papaya - pepper - periwinkles - pichis - privets - raspberries - roses - salmonberries - shrubs - spruces * transports nutrients. Abundant plant * Some abundant plants provide food. * cover caves and rocky walls.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Affected plant * collapse and die. * continue to produce symptomatic leaves regardless of cultural condition. * decline rapidly with stems and leaves developing brown, water-soaked lesions. * die suddenly, and leaves remain firmly attached - often after excellent growth * exhibit chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, epinasty and shortening of internodes - increasing periods of wilt until plant death occurs * have a cluster of green leaf-like flowers near the tip of the raceme - wilting of the stem tips and the upper leaves are scorched - as little as a third the normal regrowth after cutting as healthy plants - few secondary roots * lack vigor, are stunted, and wilt during the heat of the day. * pull from the soil with little effort. * remain yellow but recover quickly when temperatures increase. * show abnormal red pigmentation in the leaves - brown to nearly black roots which dry out and die - chlorosis, burn, necrosis and wilting, similar to triazines * show rapid epinasty, tissue proliferation and slow die-back - uncontrolled plant growth, and slow die-back - yellowing of the foliage, scorching of leaves, defoliation and dieback * wilt and die suddenly. Aged plant * produce pups, and then emit a large spike. * start producing pups, and then emit a large spike. Air plant * absorb the Carbon Dioxide from the air at night instead of the day time. * live on nothing but water and air. * use their roots only for attaching themselves to rocks, trees, shrubs, and the ground. Aloe plant * Most aloe plants grow in climates. * Most aloe plants have flowers - slender flowers * Most aloe plants produce fleshy leaves - thick leaves * Some aloe plants grow as shrubs - have ability - look like cacti - start flowers * reproduce by seed or by division.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Alpine plant * Many alpine plants ascend mountains beyond the height at which they can produce seed - germinate and even flower below a snow cover - grow only inches high for protection from the wind * Most Alpine plants can grow in sandy and rocky soil. * Most alpine plants are adapted to grow in sandy and rocky soil - faced with low temperature extremes at some point in their lives - survive climates * Some alpine plants serve as medicinal plants. * are incredibly sensitive to footsteps because of the environment they live in. * avoid water loss by deep rooting and increased stomatal control. * depend on the shelter for rocks to survive. * grow in very little soil, the medium being a mix of gravel, sand, and organic matter - together as a plant community in alpine tundra * retreat up mountains. * take advantage of a brief growing season by flowering soon after the snow melts. * use both sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Aquatic * Most aquatics require at least five hours of direct sunlight for optimum growth. * are plants. * grow best in containers filled with ordinary garden soil.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| aquatic: Aquatic life * All aquatic life depends on the small amount of dissolved oxygen that naturally exists in water - has a specific pH range that it can tolerate and to which it is adapted * Most aquatic life does well in water with oxygen concentrations of nine parts per million. * Most aquatic life has optimal ranges - temperature ranges * can be very sensitive to water purity, taste and odor. * exhibits amazing structures and behaviors. * is abundant on all our dives - also unaffected by the high contents of calcium, magnesium, and iron ions - flushed downstream as water flow is increased - most abundant in the shallow water around the edges of lentic environments - particularly vulnerable - studied in lakes, ponds, bogs, marshes, and streams and in the laboratory * is the most sensitive water use affected by polycyclic hydrocarbons - with respect to polychlorinated biphenyls Arctic plant * Most Arctic plants are low growing, finding more suitable conditions closer to the ground. * can only take up organic nitrogen. * have short roots because of permafrost. Asparagus plant * Most asparagus plants produce flowers. * Some asparagus plants produce berries - fruit - red fruit * are either male or female - monoecious, meaning that each plant is either male or female * are naturally either male or female - male or female plants - tall and can shade out other plants if planted in the wrong spot * keep worms away from tomatoes. * make a good border around the edge of a garden or along a fence.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Asteraceous plant * Many asteraceous plants have bracts at the base of each inflorescence. + Bract, Involucral bracts: Plants * Bracts that appear in a whorl subtending an inflorescence are collectively called an 'involucre'. An involucre is a common feature beneath the inflorescences of many Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae and Polygonaceae. Each flower in an inflorescence may have its own whorl of bracts, in this case called an 'involucel'. In this case they may be called 'chaff', 'paleas', or 'receptacular bracts' and are usually minute scales or bristles. Many asteraceous plants have bracts at the base of each inflorescence.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Autotroph * All autotrophs are primary producers - require sunlight to produce carbohydrates * Most autotrophs are green plants, algae, and some bacteria - break down carbohydrates - make food * Most autotrophs use a process called photosynthesis to make their food - the process of photosynthesis to produce theie food - utilize sunlight * Some autotrophs obtain energy. * Some autotrophs produce food - use light * absorb sunlight energy and transfer inorganic mineral nutrients into organic molecules. * also are referred to as primary producers - give out oxygen which is vital to the survival of humans * are at the base of food webs - considered producers in a food chain - critical for all ecosystems - eaten by herbivore s, organisms that consume plants - needed in every food chain in all ecosystems - of two types, chernosynthetic and pholosynlhetic * are organisms like plants that make their own food - that are able to make their own food using carbon dioxide * are organisms that can make their own food - produce their own food - use inorganic compounds to make organic nutrients - make their own food through either chemosynthesis or photosynthesis - manufacture their own food - obtain their carbon atoms from carbon dioxide - producers and synthesize their own carbon source for food - producers, green plants that convert light energy into food that can be consumed - self-feeders * are the base of the food chain - unit of all stored energy in any ecosystem - green plant which contains chlorophyll * are the producers in a food chain, such as plants on land or algae in water * are the producers of the biosphere - typically non-motile and heterotrophs are typically motile - usually plant s or one-celled organisms - vegetation * can fix carbon dioxide and turn it into organic molecules - go on hunger strikes for years and even decades - grow using simple, inorganic chemicals - reduce carbon dioxide to make organic compounds, creating a store of chemical energy - revert to being heterotrophs if no light energy * capture solar energy and convert it to chemical energy. * fix carbon dioxide to make their own food source - the released carbon dioxide once again, release new oxygen, and the cycle continues * form the base of the energy pyramid. * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plant parts - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * make all their own compounds starting with carbon dioxide, ammonia, and water * manufacture their own energy by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. * obtain the required energy to create their own food directly from the sun. * produce their own food from simple raw materials - sugars, lipids, and amino acids * synthesize organic materials from inorganic materials. * take it from solar radiation and heterotrophs take it from autotrophs. * use energy from the sun to produce their own materials for growth etc - light energy directly while heterotrophs benefit from light energy indirectly - the food they make to carry out their own life functions + Autotroph, Uses: Ecology :: Botany ### plant \| autotroph: Chemosynthetic autotroph * are a necessary part of the nitrogen cycle. * make their food by breaking down sulfur and nitrogen. Photosynthetic autotroph * Most photosynthetic autotrophs make food. * Some photosynthetic autotrophs use compounds other than carbon dioxide or water. * require four main ingredients to produce carbohydrates. Autotrophic organism * are often primary producers in their ecosystems - producers that generate organic compounds from inorganic material * can use all three forms. * create their own food. * require an energy source to synthesize organic molecules.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Banana plant * Most banana plants belong to families - grow in regions - have flowers - lose leaves * Most banana plants produce banana flowers - edible flowers - seeds - single flowers * Some banana plants grow from rhizomes. * are heavy feeders and heavy drinkers - monoecious, producing separate male and female flowers in spike-like clusters - part of a food web - perennial, which means that they grow repeatedly from the same root system * grow fast * offer benefits - many benefits * prefer well-drained soil. Basil plant * grow in places. * receive light. * require water. Bean plant * develop conditions - grow conditions - prime grow conditions * show effects. * typically have leaves.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Biennial * Most biennials are dry seed. * also reproduce from seed. * are most susceptible to herbicides when in the rosette stage. * are plants that live for two years - two years, bearing flowers and fruit only in the second year - require two years to complete their life cycle * are plants that take two seasons or years to complete their growth cycle - years to go through the entire life cycle - whose entire life cycle occurs within two years - rare, taking two years to grow and usually dying at the end of the two years - relatively uncommon in home gardens - similar to winter annuals, but they genninate earlier in the summer * complete their life cycle in a two-year period. * complete their life cycle in two growing seasons - years a - lifecycles in less than two years * die after flowering. * generally have a taproot. * germinate any time during the growing season. * grow as a small plant during the year they are planted. * live during two growing seasons * live two years before they produce their seeds and die * produce abundant seed crop - only foliage and roots the first year - vegetative growth in the first year * require portions of two growing seasons to reproduce - the same basic type of care as annuals and perennials - two growing seasons to complete their life cycles * spend the first year of their lives building rootstocks and storing energy. * spread only by seed and are less likely to be serious problems than many perennials. * start from seeds and last for two seasons. * take twice as long to complete a full life cycle as annuals * usually take two years to complete their life cycle.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Biennial plant * Most biennial plants invade environments - reach maturity * Some biennial plants produce stalks - tall stalks * are an intermediary form between annuals and perennials - the smallest group * complete their life cycle over two growing seasons. * grow only vegetation in their first year. * have a life span that is completed within two years - unique life cycle * live two years and reproduce by seed. * produce flowering stems during the second year of growth. * require parts of two seasons to grow, flower and produce seed. Blackberry plant * All blackberry plants are perennial, with roots living for many years. * are high in tannins which act as an astringent. * provide wildlife with food and cover. * require special care to produce large crops of fruit. Blueberry plant * grow climates. * have rhizomes - shallow roots Brewery * Breweries are capable of bottle beers - use cropped yeast to pitch their next brew * Some breweries use rice specially suited for sake brewing. Broccoli plant * Most broccoli plants grow from seeds. * Most broccoli plants have roots * Most broccoli plants produce buds - shoots - reach height * Some broccoli plants grow in cool weather * are also a source of high fibre and phytochemicals. * belong to the same family of plants as cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts. - very shallow roots * produce a large central head comprised of tightly bound buds - single central flower stalks	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Bushy plant * Most bushy plants have roots - seeds * Some bushy plants produce stalks. * are ideal for massing, groups or borders. * bear medium vanilla-white blooms above deep green foliage. * produce an abundance of perky, small blossoms all summer - dozens of squash - showy large velvety flowers in a wide range of colorful shades - small to medium-sized flowers Cactus plant * All cactus plants can produce flowers. * Most cactus plants have roots. * Most cactus plants make food - growth * Most cactus plants produce buds - flower buds * adapt to habitats - their extreme habitats by specializing body parts and functions * are present in some places. * have areoles - thorns, locust trees have thorns * store water. Cardamom plant * grow in areas - shady areas * thrive in areas - shade areas Carnation plant * have seeds. * resume growth. Celery plant * hold leaves. * need water. Cement plant * Some cement plants add water to the material during grinding, then blend and store it as a slurry. * have rotary kilns. Certain plant * adapt to conditions. * adapt to different conditions - environmental conditions * attract beetles. * grow as vines - in certain places * have scent. * provide enough moisture Clover plant * grow at levels. * provide habitats. Coal plant * are also a major source of airborne emissions of mercury, a toxic heavy metal - cheaper than nuclear plants, but over time they generate a lot of pollution * emit a long list of toxic emissions. * generate the bulk of electricity in Virginia and neighboring states. * provide more than half of America's electricity. Coffee plant * grow best in shaded environments - on terraces cut into the hills - under tropical forest canopy * have low yield. * is grown in medium light, or filtered or indirect sunlight.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Common plant * Many common plants contain natural poisons - other carotenoids * Some common plants can be poisonous to animals and, in extreme cases, can be deadly - cause seizures * are cattails, and duckweed - grasses, forbs, cacti, and shrubs * used in topiary include bay laurel , holly bushes , myrtle and privet hedges. + Topiary: Gardening * The shrubs used in topiary are evergreen, have small leaves, and produce dense foliage. Common plants used in topiary include bay laurel, holly bushes, myrtle and privet hedges. Shaped wire cages are sometimes used in modern topiary but traditional topiary depends on using special scissors with patience and a steady hand. Compact plant * Some compact plants grow feet. * are drought tolerant and sturdy, despite their delicate appearance - heat tolerant and resist bolting * expose a smaller proportion of their leaves to cold and drying winds. * have large blooms and enormous flower production - rugose, dark foliage * produce concentrated sets of medium to large fruit that is nearly seedless - large beautiful flowers in a wide range of rich colors - round to oblong fruit throughout the summer Coniferous plant * are usually evergreen, and many have needles instead of leaves. * have sharp needles or scales. Container plant * take special attention in hot, dry weather. * tend to dry out more quickly than plants in the ground. Conventional plant * are more thermally efficient and tend to last longer than nuclear plants. * breeding through pollen transfer is time consuming.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Corn plant * Every corn plant has both male and female parts. * Most corn plants have female flowers - single stems * Most corn plants produce dry matter - reach maturity - use food * Some corn plants follow patterns - produce ears * are most susceptible around silking - susceptible at all stages of development, from seedling stage to near maturity * contain both male and female flowers in different locations on the plant. - tassels at the top of the plant which produce pollen - tops * may have kernels. * produce a female flower, the silks, and a male flower, the tassel * take up the greatest amount of nitrates from the soil during pollination. - the food they photosynthesize to grow and produce corn Cotton plant * are perennials grown as annuals in the southern half of the United States. * grow, and the cotton is harvested from the plants. Cranberry plant * are found in acidic bogs in cooler areas of the northern hemisphere - shallow rooted and desiccate easily * grow as small, trailing evergreen shrubs. * are found in acidic bogs in cooler areas of the northern hemisphere. They are low creeping shrubs up to seven feet long, between two to eight inches high. They have slender and wiry stems with small leaves which are evergreen with dark pink flowers.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Crop plant * Many crop plants involve polyploidy in their formation. * Most crop plants depend on animal pollinators - have seeds - including wild soybeans are sensitive to salt stress * Some crop plants use types. * can tolerate some level of pest attack and still produce economically acceptable yields. * grow faster and take up more phosphorus faster than do most forest plants. * pump large amounts of water from the soil. * reproduce by several types of pollination. * require heat to develop, grow, and mature. Crowded plant * are also more prone to disease problems - more susceptible to funguses * compete for nutrients and water, resulting in fewer and smaller blooms. * maintain a moist environment at the soil line, favoring infection. * reduce air circulation which enhances leaf spot diseases. * yield poorly and are more subject to diseases. Cryptogam * also play a significant role in enhancing surface soil stability and water infiltration. * are also subject to illegal harvest - lower plants or plant-like organisms that reproduce by spores * have both direct and indirect effects on seedling growth. Cucumber plant * contain compounds. * develop over time. * enhance expression. * have roots - shallow roots * need moisture - soil moisture * produce abundant harvest * require growth. * show symptoms. Cushion plant * are common on exposed ridgetops and summits. * grow very slowly. * look like ground-hugging clumps of moss. Damaged plant * become yellowed, stunted, and wilted. * can potentially regrow. * have a purplish tinge. * produce more ethylene, which causes leaves to yellow, drop, or curl downward. * show more symptoms during hot, dry weather. Dead plant * are often red-brown to brown in color and matted together - useless for identification * can t change and grow. * decompose, and provide nutrients for other plants. * disintegrate into sand. * have less free prussic acid. * provide peat moss. * serve as a perch before slowly decomposing into mulch. Defoliated plant * are more susceptible to winter injury and drought. * can survive if stem damage is minimal and the terminal growing is intact. Desalination plant * convert seawater into fresh water for household and industrial use. * irrigate the thirsty California farming filds and orchards. * provide domestic water needs. * supply much of the population's drinking needs. Determinate plant * grow to a certain height and then stop. * have a terminal raceme. * produce many short branches ending in flower clusters with a very brief harvest.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Different plant * Many different plants show superficial similarities. * behave differently for absorption and biomagnification of elements. * can have different kinds of roots. * contain different combinations of phytochemicals - oils that do different things * flourish in different zones. * freeze and die at different temperatures. * harbor different populations of insect pests. * have different compounds - growth characteristics - mixtures of specific terpenes in their essential oil fraction - requirements on over-winter seed storage - requirements, but most prefer neutral to slightly acidic soils - salt tolerance levels - sensitivities to sodium itself, but sodium can also affect the soil - tolerances to acidity - types of fiber * have different water needs - requirements, so they have different ET rates * make their ascent in different ways. * pollinate at different times of the year. * produce pollen at different times of the year. * prosper in different conditions and bloom at different times. * provide different nutrients to deer. * require different amounts of light - levels of acidity in the soil - light intensities - nutrients so it's important to plant accordingly * thrive at different levels of temperature and precipitation. * work on different contaminants. Diploid plant * Some diploid plants produce cones - male cones - spores * produce sporangia, within which meiosis produces haploid spores.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Diseased plant * are dwarfed and die early - subject to winter kill and infections caused by soil-borne pathogens - usually most evident in the regrowth after clipping * have basal internodes that are shiny black and have few tillers - fewer tillers, poor root growth and delayed maturity - lack of feeder roots, poor vigor canes - lesions on their roots immediately below the ground line * produce blackened heads among a field of green heads. * serve as infection centers from which the fungus spreads. * show yellow leaf spots which have a purplish fuzzy growth on their undersides. * stems turn deep red to maroon. Diverse plant * offer diversity. * provide a wide range of foods that are available throughout the year. Dominant plant * form the canopy. * include beeches. * try to tag submissive plants before they run behind the cord on their side. Duckweed plant * prefer certain conditions - growth conditions * use asexual reproduction Dwarf plant * Most dwarf plants are adaptable to planter boxes and tub plantings, or in restricted areas. * Most dwarf plants have flowers - snapdragon flowers * have a dense, bushy habit producing numerous flower spikes * occur in several ways. * survive cold much better than the filaments. Early plant * Many early plants are field weeds or forest hardwoods. * use less water and lose less to evaporation because of the cooler temperatures. Electric plant * Many electric plants use date-sensitive software to monitor and control the flow of power. * Some electric plants use fossil fuel * are like the railroads.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Embryo * All embryos begin as a single-celled zygote that has been formed by the fusion of the gametes - life looking very much the same, as far as outward appearances are concerned * All embryos have a neurohypophysis with an infundibulum - an infundibular recess extending into the neurohypophysis - seem arrested early but without multiple nuclei - start out as female * Many embryos develop in close association with a parent. * Most embryos absorb nutrients - acquire nutrition - adapt to conditions * Most embryos become blastocysts - cell blastocysts - children - disable children - fetuses - healthy blastocysts - immature individuals - derive nourishment - develop features * Most embryos develop into adults - kidneys - muscular organs * Most embryos develop over long periods - months - saclike organs * Most embryos develop within ovules - single ovules * Most embryos enter dormancy - dormant states - next stages * Most embryos get nourishment * Most embryos go through evolutionary stages - larval stages * Most embryos go through various evolutionary stages * Most embryos grow in cavities - chest cavities - have activities * Most embryos have cell layers - mass - chances - functions - immune functions - materials - sacs - structures - yolks * Most embryos obtain nourishment - perish, passing through the womb without attaching to the uterine wall - possess cotyledons - produce enzymes - reach uteruses * Most embryos receive care - parental care - prolong parental care * Most embryos remain in dormant states * Most embryos require embryo growth - oxygen - respond to vibration - show differentiations * Most embryos survive conditions - pregnancy - tough conditions * Most embryos undergo cell division - cleavage division - development - multiple cell division - rapid cell division * Some embryos absorb secretion * Some embryos become seeds - sporophytes - come into existence - consist of cotyledons * Some embryos develop dormancy - forelimbs * Some embryos develop into caterpillars - ciliate larvae - coral larvae - corn plants - diploid plants - feed larvae - mature sporophytes - second stage larvae - swim larvae - tadpoles - over summer - within seeds - follow patterns - form ovaries - germinate from seeds - grow in springs * Some embryos grow into sporophytes - trees - starches * Some embryos have abnormalities - concentration - domains - equal opportunity - gills - other organs - potential * Some embryos obtain air * Some embryos produce hormones - testosterone - store food * Some embryos survive for many years - in labs - use straw * absorbs water, swells, bursts open seed coat. * appear to be resistant to infection until they hatch from the zona pellucida. * are a red-orange color - rich but controversial source of stem cells - alive - amenable to a wide range of manipulations of their tissues, cells and molecules - animals - created in research cloning to serve, well, research - cultured, graded and selected for embryo transfer - embryology - formed in different ways - human lives - in a very sensitive stage of development when the eggs enter the hatchery - initially sexually indifferent and gonads can be testes or ovaries - like presidential candidates - organisms - ovophagous and consume smaller siblings - perfect diploids - pink to pink-red in color - ready to mount or dissect once they have settled to the bottom of the well - released from uterus and attach to host tissue - the richest source of human stem cells but their use has been dogged by ethical debate - unable to clear their tracheal system of fluid * begins to grow. * can accommodate such levels of cellular damage and still establish healthy pregnancies. * carrying two copies of the nonfunctional gene fail to develop kidneys. * develop and hatch in about four weeks, then spend four to five months in the tadpole stage - from general to specific * develop in egg masses cared for by the females - the bursae and develop into tiny brittle stars before they are released - inside seeds * develop to first-stage larvae within about three weeks - fully formed first-stage larvae within about three weeks * die at fourth day of incubation - second and third day of incubation * display characters. * feed on plankton and are ciliated. * first develop into a trochophore larva, then a veliger, and finally a spat. * form cotyledons. * hatch in a few days and tadpoles transform in about two months - tadpoles transform in two months - the evening - four epibranchials - the same requirements prior to pipping that the chicks have following hatching * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - plant parts - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * initially grow using stored yolk. * lack an amnion, but eggs are laid in a jelly-like protective coating. * lacking ems function also show a ventral derepression of col expression - loco function have a normal overall morphology, but fail to hatch - nautilus are, however, missing a distinct and reproducible subset of muscle fibers * look alike while adults look different. * need food * normally live on their fat, usually in the form of yolk. * null for csw , with a hypomorphic allele of raf show no tll activity. * occupies most of space within egg except air cell. - their nourishment from the egg * remain and develop in the gravel, consuming their egg sac. - heat to develop * start out as a mass of cells. * starts to germinate. * stop development at the globular stage. * touch membranes - shell membranes * transfer The replacement of one or more embryos into the uterine cavity. * use the yolk and receive some nourishment from the mother. * usually fall out of their chorions with gentle swishing during the rinse. * weigh twenty pounds and measure over fifty inches.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| embryo: Dechorionated embryo * can swim clumsily when prodded. * lie on their sides when at rest, yolk sac obliquely upwards. Develop embryo * go through stages - various stages * have materials. * receive nutrients. * require oxygen. * touch membranes - shell membranes Drosophila embryo * develop in the egg membrane. * have a tremendous capacity to repair mispatterned tissues. Embryo donation * controversial process from both an ethical as well as a legal standpoint. * is another option if the male partner is also infertile. Fossil embryo * are the preserved remains of organisms that have yet to hatch or be born. * reveal early animals Paleontologists have found the oldest known embryos Human embryo * Most human embryos go through evolutionary stages * Most human embryos go through various evolutionary stages - reach uteruses * Most human embryos undergo cell division - multiple cell division * Some human embryos come into existence. * are extremely sensitive to poor culture conditions and toxins - fully human - just that, human * have to nestle down in a good home, in the uterus. Mammalian embryo * Most mammalian embryos have structures. * Most mammalian embryos undergo cell division - the same structures + Amniote: Tetrapods :: Evolutionary biology * They are the land vertebrates which lay cleidoic eggs. Mammalian embryos have the same structures. Mutant embryo * derived from null oocytes survive to the larval stage. * exhibit a severe somatic muscle phenotype. * fail to elongate their heads resulting in a bloated head appearance. * have defects in cell division time, osmotic sensitivity, cytoplasmic streaming. * lie motionless in the vitelline membrane and fail to hatch. * show a delayed cell cycle, possibly consistent with a lack of thymidine - two types of spindle formation defects Shark embryo * Most shark embryos receive nutrients. * Some shark embryos get their food first from a yolk. * receive nutrients from several sources Somatic embryo * Some somatic embryos grow into trees. * occurs either directly on the explant or more often in callus culture. Vertebrate embryo * All vertebrate embryos look much alike. * Most vertebrate embryos go through stages. Whale embryo * Most whale embryos develop features. * form both fore- and hind limb buds. Emergent plant * grow along the shoreline or in shallow, marshy areas. * have some parts of the plant in contact with the air above the water's surface. * reproduce by seed during natural drawdown cycles caused by drought.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Endemic * Many endemics exist on Caribbean islands or isolated mountain chains. * affect fire ant populations at low levels all of the time. * are diseases - important to understand in infectious diseases - plants * belong to genera abundantly represented in the regional flora. * can easily become endangered or extinct because of only living in a small area. + Endemism: Ecosystems * Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct because of only living in a small area. They are also vulnerable to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms. By the end of the century, the petrels were thought to be extinct. Cedars, whose numbers were low as a result of centuries of shipbuilding, were nearly made extinction in the 20th Century by the introduction of a parasite. Both petrels and cedars are very rare today, as are other species endemic or native to Bermuda. ### plant \| endemic: Wage discrimination * can include more than just inequalities in weekly salaries. * is endemic. Entire plant * Most entire plants get nutrients - have appearances * Some entire plants consist of fronds. * Some entire plants contain juice - silica - grow feet * are known to die as the result of severe infestations. * can die if flooded for only a few days during the growing season. - bushy appearances	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Ephemeral plant * are usually annuals that can go from seed to seed in as few as six weeks. * grow, flower and die in a few days.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Epiphyte * All epiphytes cling to their hosts with very strongly developed root systems. * Every epiphyte microhabitat, in which there can be a food web of arthropods and other animals. * Many epiphytes have root systems containing fungi called mycorrhizae - produce beautiful, brightly colored flowers * Most epiphytes are ferns or orchids that live in rainforest - require a coarse, well-drained media * Most epiphytes utilize acid metabolism * Some epiphytes absorb water from the air - adapt to habitats - are found in every major group of the plant kingdom - can make their own food from sunlight and air - eventually develop into stranglers * Some epiphytes grow in debris - leafy debris * Some epiphytes grow on cycads - plants * Some epiphytes have ecological functions - effects * Some epiphytes have important ecological functions - moisture - obtain nutrients - solve problems * absorb moisture and nutrients from the air. * are a diverse group including plants from many families - major component of rainforests because of their wide variety and large abundance - also a home to ants, including the stinging ant - amazing adaptors - an integral component of the autotrophic community within many aquatic systems - common in tropical forests where competition for light and substrate are intense - even more abundant and ferns remain an important element of the flora - infrequent - over-represented in the houseplant world - photosynthetic and thus capable of producing their own energy * are plants that grow on another plant without stealing nutrients like parasites - other plants - upon other plants, man-made objects, and even some animals * are plants that live on other plants - the surface of other plants, especially the trunks and branches - perched on sturdier plants - which perch on or adhere to other plants - seen as an important component of biodiversity in tropical forest ecosystems - the climbers * can have compact or short to long-creeping stems. * claim space on a branch and set roots, trap minimal soil, and photosynthesize. * compete with the seagrass for light and nutrients, slowing seagrass growth. * do often develop air roots. * exist in all classes of plants. * get a leg up from rain forest trees. * grow directly on the topmost branches of trees. * grow on other plants mainly to avoid getting excess sunlight - plants having their root structure off the ground instead of in the ground - the surface of trees and other plants only for mechanical support - tree trunks and branches high above the ground, where the light is brighter - upon tree branches and trunks * growing on the branches of Acer macrophyllum rely on the tree for structural support. * have aerial roots which dangle and reach for nutrients. * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plant parts - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * live mainly on tree branches and even form their own soil on the branches - upon other plants, but' for support only * make up a huge part of the biodiversity in a rainforest. * obtain all their water and mineral needs from the air. * provide a great service to other organisms in the Neotropical forest. * receive their nourishment from falling organic debris and rainfall trapped by the plant. * thrive among the tall cypress trees. Epiphytic plant * Most epiphytic plants use photosynthesis * Some epiphytic plants are large trees that begin their lives high in the forest canopy - provide food * can absorb over a ton of water but do no harm to the tree they live on. * contribute to a rich ecosystem and provide canopy food and shelter.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| epiphytic plant: Strangler fig * are good examples of hemiepiphytes. * grow above the canopy of their host tree and send aerial roots down to the ground. * have light colored bark and umbrella shaped canopies - seeds that are dispersed by animals that live in treetops * is an epiphytic plant * play essential roles in the ecology of the rainforest. Ethanol plant * Many ethanol plants use income from selling distillers grains to increase returns to the plant. * Most ethanol plants use a molecular sieve to capture the last bit of water in the ethanol.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Exotic plant * Many exotic plants provide shelter and food to native species. * Most exotic plants have invasive potential. * Some exotic plants draw insects - form dense mats - growing near residential areas cause allergic reactions in people - provide food * adapt to environments. * are a huge problem because there is no natural deterrent to their growth. * can also be a fire hazard - easily become noxious weeds, plants that spread and displace native vegetation * compete with native species for resources such as food, water, sunlight and soil. * invade areas after fire, but die out as the stand ages. Extant plant * Most extant plants have compounds. * Some extant plants have cuticles. Fast plant * Fast Plants Help Improve Crops. * Fast Plants are a rapid-cycling form of the species Brassica rapa - available in a wide variety of easily recognized phenotypes * integrates science with math, social studies, and language.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Female plant * Some female plants produce cones. * are small and bushy and their flowers have pistils. * bear berries when a male pollinizing plant is present - fruit which turn red in late summer - interesting fluffy seed heads well into the winter - large olive-like fruits * develop blue fruits after the blooms fall - ovules and seeds on leafy structures called sporophylls * form archegoniophores and male plants form antheriophores. * grow inconspicuous flowers and inch-long, black, edible dates. * lose their older leaves as the seed matures. * produce berries that become bright red in late summer and fall - berries, which eventually drop to the ground and germinate - cottony seeds which blow everywhere and make a nuisance of themselves - fewer spears, but they are larger and are produced later in the season - medium to large round-shaped fruit of good quality and a large seed cavity - papery, conelike flowers - plumes that are broad and full due to silky hairs covering the tiny flowers * produce small red berries in large clusters - flowers followed by one foot long, flattened, leathery pods - spears and also produce seed when the plant is in the fern stage - the late-summer flowers, which often have a spicy aroma - white, sticky berries that are especially attractive to birds * start bearing fruit usually within two years of planting. * tend to be shorter and possess more branches.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Few plant * are able to grow in constantly soggy soil. * are as efficient at disbursing pollen - rewarding as perennials, the flowers that keep on giving year after year - fatal to humans, but a number of common plants are toxic to a lesser extent - so diverse in flower and form, and yet so easy to grow and so adaptable * can last long in soil which has dried out completely. * can survive low light, poor soils of forest floor - the violent water in the brook - tolerate constantly wet soil * develop roots as rapidly as chrysanthemums. * do well with so little light. * flower in the upland woods during the summer, although lopseed is fairly common. * grow in deserts because there is so little rainfall - the desert, except near oases, where the date palm tree is common * grow on the forest floor because almost no sunlight reaches here - where little sunlight reaches - shady, infertile forest floor - where a pine tree has shed it's needles * have a greater array of folk medicine uses. * live on sandy shores between the levels of high and low tide. * offer such variation in flower color, growth habit, leaf pattern, and scent. * tolerate low-light conditions for extended periods. * use only one type of reproduction exclusively. + Beech, Habit: Fagales * Beech grows on a wide range of soil types, acid or basic, provided they are not wet for long periods. The tree canopy casts a heavy shade shade, and the leaves, when dropped, cover the ground thickly. Few plant grow under beech trees. First year plant * bear flowers. * have large leaves Float plant * grow in areas - protect areas * grow on surfaces - water surfaces * use energy.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Flower plant * Most flower plants adapt to life - are distinguished from plants * Most flower plants attract attention - pollinators * Most flower plants belong to families - genus - taxonomic genus - exhibit reproduction - grow from seeds * Most flower plants grow on floors - forest floors * Most flower plants have cotyledons - embryonic seeds - single cotyledons - taproots - vessels - obtain nutrition - possess leaves * Most flower plants produce flowers - nectar - provide nectar - rely on pollen * Most flower plants require double fertilization * Most flower plants undergo growth - vegetative growth - use sunlight * Some flower plants attract hummingbirds. * Some flower plants become dominant plant life * Some flower plants contain plants - depend on animals * Some flower plants form buds - flower buds - grow to feet * Some flower plants have different nutrient requirements - heat - tissue - vascular tissue * Some flower plants offer biological potency - possess cotyledons * Some flower plants produce bulbs - distinct organs - fruit - green peas - reproductive organs - tropical fruit - provide food - rely on animals - require variation - serve as food * exhibit plant reproduction * include hardwood trees * need light - red light * release seeds.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Food plant * Food Plants are the primary source of energy supporting large, complex food webs in any environment - produce foods like vegetables and wheat * Many food plants are , or are grown as , annuals , including most domesticated grains - grasses - are, or are grown as, annuals, including most domesticated grains - contain similar toxins in some parts of the plant + Annual plant: Botany * Many food plants are, or are grown as, annuals, including most domesticated grains. Some perennials and biennials are grown in gardens as annuals for convenience, particularly if they are not considered cold hardy for the local climate. Carrot, celery and parsley are true biennials that are usually grown as annual crops for their edible roots, petioles and leaves, respectively. Tomato, sweet potato and bell pepper are tender perennials usually grown as annuals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Fossil plant * Some fossil plants show evidence. * indicate something about climate. Fragrant plant * Some fragrant plants release their scents when they are touched or crushed. * are a form of high magic. Fresh plant * contain prickly crystals - vast amounts of energy * is edible in salads or as a cooked green. * work best when given supplemental cold storage. Fruit plant * All fruit plants require full sunlight for optimum tree growth and production - well-drained soil in order to grow and produce properly * produce fruits or berries.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Gametophyte * All gametophytes are haploid. * Most gametophytes comprise plants - contain chloroplasts - develop habits - go through mitosis - have chlorophyll * Most gametophytes have female organs - reproductive organs - obtain nutrients - produce archegoniums * Most gametophytes produce female organs - sex organs - provide nutrients - require moisture * Some gametophytes absorb water - become sporophytes * Some gametophytes consist of archegoniums - leaves - derive nutrients - develop elements of vascular tissue * Some gametophytes develop from haploid spores - germination - spore germination * Some gametophytes grow from buds - tiny buds - into ferns - setae - spirals * Some gametophytes have antheridiums - heat * Some gametophytes look like flat leaves - scaly leaves - possess archegoniums * Some gametophytes produce haploid spores - lipids - offspring - ovaries - phases - pheromone - reach maturity - rely on fungi - undergo mitosis - use mitosis * are always diploid. * are green and free living - leafy, but small - haploid and produce gametes by mitosis - heterothallic and isomorphic - leafy and stand upright - more conspicuous than sporophytes - multicellular organisms - photosynthetic and often heart-shaped * are the multicellular haploid stage and produce gametes by mitosis - parent of the baby fern - tiny, subterranean, heterotrophic, and grow with the aid of symbiotic fungi - unisexual, producing either antheridiophores or archegoniophores * arise from a protonema. * can be male or female or both. * develop from the spores, and the life cycle begins again - sexual organs and produce sperm and egg cells * have central axis with leaflike structures around it - haploid cells * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plant parts - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * look like liverworts, but send up tiny moss like sporophytes. * produce gametes by meiosis a - that unite to form zygotes, which develop into new sporophytes - via mitosis in structures called gametangia - gametes, egg and sperm, by mitosis - plurilocular gametangia - propagative structures called gemma cups - the male sperm and female eggs<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| gametophyte: Female gametophyte * Some female gametophytes become sporophytes * Some female gametophytes develop from haploid spores - have heat - produce ovaries * develop from megaspores - in megasporangia, while male gametophytes develop in microsporangia * few cells inside of the structures that become the seed. * is retained whereas male gametophyte is transfer during pollination. * live within the parent sporophyte. * occur only in the seeds, and male gametophytes only in the pollen. * produce a carpogonium with a trichogyne. * provides nutrition to embryo. * remain unisexual. Haploid gametophyte * Most haploid gametophytes comprise plants. * Some haploid gametophytes produce leaves. Male gametophyte * Some male gametophytes have antheridiums * are called stamens , female gametophytes are pistils - large, multiflagellate and motile * forms a long pollen tube. * grow at a much slower rate than females. * is contained in a dry pollen grain. * release spermatia from a spermatangium.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| gametophyte: Moss gametophyte * Most moss gametophytes are dioecious, with separate male and female individuals in the population. * Some moss gametophytes develop germination<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Garden plant * Many garden plants are poisonous to dogs - benefit from late-summer feeding * Most garden plants attract such pollinators. * Most garden plants belong to families - lily families - can tolerate some insect feeding, and pests can be washed off after harvest - have flowers at some point during their life cycle - thrive best in slightly acidic soils * Some garden plants are fall favorites because they come alive with color as cooler weather arrives. * Some garden plants make cut flowers - great cut flowers * adapt to areas. * are plants.<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| garden plant: Bedding plant * Many bedding plants come in light plastic cell packs nowadays. * Most bedding plants require at least some supplemental water during periods of extended drought. * are at times grown in the open field for the entire production cycle - notorious sources of tomato spotted wilt virus * offer the head start necessary to ensure an early crop, or a full season of blooms. * require direct sunlight or very good artificial light to do well. * vary in their tolerance of heat and humidity.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Geothermal plant * Many geothermal plants are built in rocky, difficult terrain, which require special procedures. * Most geothermal plants use heat. * Some geothermal plants produce electricity. * are relatively capital-intensive, with low variable costs and no fuel costs. * can exist in harmony with the environment as little land is required. * emit little air pollution and can have minimal impacts on the environment - very little air pollution and have minimal impacts on the environment * tap into that pressure and use it to spin turbines. - natural hot water and steam from the earth to run turbine generators - steam heated naturally underground to turn a turbine Ginger plant * benefit from manure. * grow in regions - subtropical regions * have origins - rhizomes - underground rhizomes * produce flowers - shoots - yellowish flowers * thrive in climates - mediterranean climates Glossy privet * Some glossy privets have flowers. * has large clusters of white flowers, followed by many purple-blue berries. * is used in shrub borders or as a hedge. Good plant * begin with good, rich organic soil. * make water bodies a better place for fishing. Gooseberry plant * Most gooseberry plants are sold grown on a single main stem. * Some gooseberry plants have berries. Grass plant * grow in mixture. * make food. * produce leaves.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Green plant * All green plants are autotrophs - susceptible, although certain pests favor one type of plant over another - tender and yielding - can produce oxygen through a process called photosynthesis * All green plants contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight - chlorophyll, but it is alfalfa from which most chlorophyll is made - two forms of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b - generate salicylates as part of a natural defence mechanism - make sugars through a process called photosynthesis - require carbon-dioxide for photosynthesis and in return they give out oxygen * All green plants use a special process called photosynthesis to make food that they use to grow - photosynthesis to convert carbondioxide and water into glucose and oxygen * Most green plants absorb light - acquire energy * Most green plants develop conditions - grow conditions - prime grow conditions - find in pasture * Most green plants get energy - go through photosynthesis * Most green plants have branches - green pigment - healthy life - photosynthetic pigment * Most green plants produce compounds - edible starches - organic compounds - seeds - turn sunlight - undergo photosynthesis * Most green plants use carbon dioxide - radiant energy - radiation - solar radiation - starch as their energy store - utilize energy * Some green plants create energy - grow in zones - obtain energy * Some green plants remove carbon dioxide * Some green plants use carbon * Some green plants utilize gases - nitrogen gases * absorb light energy using chlorophyll in their leaves * apply iron for energy transformation processes. * are able to trap and store energy from sunlight - always take magnesium from soil - at the bottom of the food chain - called producers because they produce their own food - considered producers and the are at the beginning of the food chain - everywhere - food producers * are green because they contain a chemical compound called chlorophyll - pigment called chlorophyll - photoautotrophs - primary producers, because they are the lowest link in the food chain - producers because they provide the basic food supply for themselves and animals - quite sophisticated in their methods of asexual reproduction - tender and filled with sap * are the foundation of all life - majorproducers for land ecosystems - most common producers - one efficient and renewable way to use directly the sun's energy * are the only living things able to collect and store energy from the sun - that can make their own food - things in nature that can actually make their own food - producers , the base of the food web - typical photoautotrophs * begin to grow and trees begin to sprout leaves. * can convert solar energy to chemical energy. * can make their own food by using water and carbon dioxide - for energy in their leaves and stems - only make food when they have light - produce hydrocarbon compounds such as sugar by combining water and carbon dioxide - synthesize their required foods from the elements * capture energy from sunlight and convert it into living organic plant tissue - solar energy and convert carbondioxide and water into food by photosynthesis * carry on photosynthesis only in the presence of light. * concentrate energy. * contain a chemical called chlorophyll - chlorophyll , a green pigment that absorbs sunlight * convert carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen - back to oxygen and other components - to oxygen and organic matter * convert light energy from the sun into sugars through the process of photosynthesis - to chemical energy and food in the process of Photosynthesis - solar radiation to carbohydrates - sunlight into energy * depend as much on the sunlight as on the soil and the air - on chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis * encompass both land plants and green algae. * form one branch, and the fungi and animals are farther along on another branch - the first trophic level, the producers * get carbon from the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere * get their carbon from the carbon dioxide in the air * grow in black lava - nicely underground, even without artificial light * harvest the energy of the sun. - chloroplasts in their leaves that contain a pigment called chlorophyll - impact - major impact * make and store their own food - food through a process called photosynthesis, using the energy from the sun * make their food by taking sunlight and using the energy to make sugar - from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis * make their own food by photosynthesis - to build their branches and stems * manufacture carbohydrates by photosynthesis - their own nourishment from carbon dioxide and water * need oxygen. * play a very important role in the carbon cycle. * produce acetaldehyde as they break down food * provide energy, in the form of food, and oxygen for other living things - humans with food, fiber, fuel and medicine - the world s supply of food * release oxygen underwater during photosynthesis. * remove carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere. * require sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and minerals to make sugars and oxygen. * store enery in the form of starch. * synthesize themselves anew from the sun's brilliance. * tend to grow toward the light source. * to produce food. * turn sunlight into food through a process called photosynthesis - chlorophyll to capture the energy of sunlight and convert it to food - energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make food - light as their primary energy source * use light energy and electrons from water to convert carbon dioxide into cell material - from the sun to manufacture carbohydrates for food - to produce chlorophyll * use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide from the air into sugar plus oxygen - create energy from water, carbon dioxide and sunlight - trap carbon dioxide using the energy from light - sunlight energy * use sunlight to make food by the process of photosynthesis * use the process of photosynthesis to make carbohydrates - sugar to make starch, fats, and proteins - sun's rays to turn carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates - sunlight to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and oxygen - water, carbon dioxide and sunlight energy to make food + Chlorophyll, Chlorophyll and photosynthesis, Why green and not black?: Botany :: Molecular biology * It still is unclear exactly why plants have mostly evolved to be green. Green plants reflect mostly green and near-green light to viewers rather than absorbing it. Green plants do not use a large part of the visible spectrum as efficiently as possible. More precisely, the question becomes why the only light absorbing molecule used for power in plants is green and not simply black.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Grow plant * accumulate nitrate. * expose to sunlight. * need moisture - soil moisture * produce seeds. * reach height. * require abundant sunlight - amounts * survive in conditions. Gynoecious plant * can be more productive because every blossom has the potential to fruit. * express female flowers for an all-female phenotype. Haploid plant * Some haploid plants live for many years * are smaller than diploids - useful in mutation studies * produce gametes. Hardened plant * are tolerant of frost and can be among the earliest planted garden vegetables. * can withstand such temperatures with ease. * have a greater total absorbing surface in the root system. Hardy plant * Most hardy plants grow in environments - marine environments - moist places * Most hardy plants survive climates - cold climates - freeze conditions * Some hardy plants tolerate drought. * are easy to grow - vigorous once established, upright and nearly spine-free * need water. * require care. * survive and produce offspring which pass on the genetic hardiness<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Healthy plant * Most healthy plants grow in environments - favorable environments - to height * Most healthy plants have a high level of chlorophyll, so they appear bright green - capacity - require water - survive in gardens * Some healthy plants have beneficial fungi - suffer infection * are branches, with more than one shoot per stem - disease resistant - far more resistant to diseases and pests - highly productive and bear continuously up until frost - less attractive to insects and also tolerate some damage * are less likely to be attacked by pests - have disease problems than weak, undernourished ones - suffer from stresses caused by the weather, insects or disease - susceptible to insect attack than unhealthy ones * are more drought, disease, and pest resistant - effective at defending themselves against insects and competition - productive plants with more flowers * are more resistant to pest and disease than their weaker cousins - much more resistant to problems * attract fewer pests, and healthy soil grows healthy plants. * begin with healthy seeds and seedlings. * can often withstand a good deal of defoliation, especially late in the season - provide good forage for livestock - resist attack by diseases and insects, and require less care - usually tolerate thrip damage * can withstand insect attacks much better than weak plants - the attack of one to two larvae * come from terrific soil. * give off oxygen during photosynthesis. * go a long way to keeping our air clean. * have a better chance to survive the winter - greater tolerance to the parasite - tendency to grow a whole lot of leaves * help clean air, conserve soil, and beautify landscapes. * help clean our air and conserve our soil - air, conserve our soil and beautify our landscapes * help clean the air, conserve our soil and beautify our landscapes - soil and make the community more beautiful * produce healthy produce. * require healthy soil in which to grow * resist drought, disease, and pests. * stand a better chance against insects and diseases. * tend to create much more food than they can immediately use - produce slightly thicker roots that grow faster - resist disease and insect damage better than weak plants - stay healthy * will have green leaves - solid green leaves Herbaceous perennial plant * belong to families. * consist of leaves - short stems * have stems. * produce basal leaves - rhizomes - underground rhizomes Heterotrophic plant * Some heterotrophic plants look more like pale, fleshy fungi than flowering plants. * depend on other organisms for nourishment.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Higher plant * Most higher plants have a number of different isozymes of peroxidase - mycorrhizal fungi associated with their roots * are like a symbiosis of cellular organelles of apparently ancient prokaryotic origin. * complete their life history by passing through two stages. * contain the necessary far-chain desaturases. * develop prolific root systems by producing new roots that originate in older roots. * differ characteristically in their capacity to take up silicon. * eliminate gases through the stomata , or pores, on the surface of leaves * form only meiospores that develop in tetrads from archesporial cells in the sporangia. * generate physiological active substances termed phytohormones. * induce chemical reactions in the rhizosphere, facilitating metal uptake by roots. * make use of asexual reproduction as well. * produce a great deal of diverse phytochemicals through secondary metabolism. * refer to native vascular plant species. * respond to infectious wounding and stress by synthesizing protective compounds. + Excretion: Physiology * In single-celled organisms, waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell. Multicellular organisms use more complex methods. Higher plants eliminate gases through the stomata on the surface of leaves. Animals have special excretory organs.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Host plant * Most host plants have properties * Most host plants have toxic properties - substances - take up matter * Some host plants become aphids - have large soft leaves and are easily eaten - irritate skin - provide structures - stay fresh for a remarkably long time * are food plants for caterpillars. * are the plants that butterflies lay their eggs on - the caterpillars eat * does appear to significantly impact host plant titer in laboratory reared insects. * include weeds. * may have characteristics. * mediate omnivore-herbivore interactions and influence prey suppression. * provide a place for the butterflies to lay their eggs - food for caterpillars and lure female butterflies into the garden to lay eggs * seem to live fine with the pests.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Houseplant * All houseplants are nonpoisonous. * Many houseplants are from the tropics and very sensitive to low temperatures - where the humidity is higher than it is here in Colorado * Most houseplants are dormant during winter - easy to grow - tropical in origin - have leaves - originate in tropical or semitropical regions, where the air is moist * Most houseplants require less light than do other plants - water in winter months because growth is slowed or stopped * Most houseplants thrive in moderate to bright, indirect light - outdoors during the summer months * Some houseplants also can replenish moisture in the air. * Some houseplants are poisonous to birds that nibble on vegetation - who nibble on vegetation - benefit from increased humidity - can be poisonous * Some houseplants grow to form rosettes - harbor mites - start rooting in three weeks * Use soapy water from dishwashing or from taking showers to water houseplants. * also absorb pollutants and purify the air - can outgrow their pots - vary in their light needs * are an important element in most indoor environments - often good places for moulds to grow - plants capable of tolerating indoor conditions - popular indoor decorations - sensitive to drafts and heat from registers - susceptible to attack by various pests and diseases - tropical plants * bring the cycles of nature indoors. * can actually help remove pollutants through photosynthesis - also pose problems because they can be knocked over and possibly eaten - benefit from the nutrients in the soak water - develop many problems, but most have environmental or cultural causes - lend beauty to the home and even help keep the air clean of pollutants * dry out rapidly in the dry heat of winter. * have a habit of outgrowing their containers * help purify indoor air. * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plant parts - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * live in a totally artificial environment. * love to be sprayed with a light mist of water. * make people feel calmer, more optimistic, and more self-assured. * normally use less water in the house than they did while outside. * provide a haven for molds. * require less watering during the winter months than in the spring and summer - some basic care to remain healthy and vigorous * suffer if they receive too much or too little light.<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| houseplant: Anthurium * All anthuriums grow and bloom best in medium light. * Most anthuriums are primarily ornamental. * Some anthuriums have a very sweet floral fragrance like Lily of the Valley. * are commonly red, but now there are white, pink, green, and purple varieties too - herbaceous perennials and are desired for their stunning leaf shapes and sizes - popular foliage plants * come fresh, healthy and long lasting. * contains calcium oxalate and some unidentified compounds. * differ considerably in their growth habits. * flourish under the shade of the Plumeria tree in the back yard. * grow actively from early spring through fall - best in hothouses with controlled humidity - on a wide range of soil types ranging from sandy loams to heavy clays * pose a problem in seed production. * require shade for proper growth and for good quality flowers. Episcia * grows well in light gardens. * have colorful foliage, often with bright color patterns. Gloxinia * are houseplants - susceptible to crown rot which is often caused by wet, soggy soil * prefer bright light as opposed to direct sunlight. Hydroelectric plant * Most hydroelectric plants use energy * are the most prevalent renewable resource in use. * transform the kinetic energy of falling water into electrical energy. - moving water to spin generators - the energy in flowing water to generate electricity * utilize the enormous thrust and power of water to move turbines.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Hydroponic plant * All hydroponic plants have to use a growing media in place of soil. * grow very tall. * use inorganic nutrients and can clean polluted waters. Immature plant * are most suseptible to herbicide applications - palatable to livestock * exist as basal rosettes until flowering stems develop at maturity. Indeterminate plant * are generally taller than determinate plants of comparable maturity. * continue to grow and the fruits keep setting until frost - vegetative growth, along with flower production throughout the season * have minimal photoperiodic response. Indigenous plant * Many indigenous plants means many indigenous birds. * provide a breeding place for organisms of all sizes and types.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Individual plant * appear to usually have all male or all female flowers. * are also quite variable in size - capable of producing tremendous fruit crops * become less toxic as they mature. * break off of the mat and are dispersed by water currents - the mat and can be dispersed by wind and water currents * can use several response mechanisms to cope with drought conditions - vary greatly in their content of key active chemicals * grow seven to ten inches tall - thick and leafy, which allows it, in part, to dominate other aquatic plants * have adaptations to ensure their survival through a fire - the potential to produce thousands of seeds each * resist being killed in fires by producing new growth from underground roots. * seem long-lived, and new individuals only infrequently reach maturity. * tend to claim and hold onto a site until they lose vigor or die. * vary in appearance from open and airy to compact.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Indoor plant * Most indoor plants are native to tropical and subtropical regions - surprisingly adaptable and can live quite well with a minimum of care - can tolerate lower average temperatures in the winter - come from the tropics where high relative humidity is common * Most indoor plants have lifespans - long lifespans * appear to help reduce physical discomfort. * are an important part of decor in homes, offices and other buildings - apparently useful in removing some pollutants - classified according to the amount of light needed for growth * bring color, shape, texture and nature into a home or apartment. * convert carbon dioxide * create a warm environment and freshen the air. * help people relax and increase speed on simple computer tasks. * produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. * reduce dust and increase relative humidity. * stay healthier if they're kept clean. Infect plant * Some infect plants become aphids - have areas * show symptoms.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Infected plant * appear bushy because of shortened internodes and small leaves - mildly chlorotic and have fewer tillers - ragged due to leaf fall and blight of the twigs * appear stunted and contain excessive branching - lose their shiny green luster - wilted - stunted, sickly and yellow - yellow and stunted * are bright yellow with considerable distortion of foliage and floral parts - chlorotic, stunted and have striped leaves - dwarfed, pale yellow and sickly - frequently barren, especially if infection is early - generally shorter and produce fewer stems and grains per head - hard to save - likely to wilt earlier under temperature or moisture stress - more sensitive to winter injury and drought stress - no longer able to supply adequate water to the foliage and the plant dies * are slow growing with small leaves showing bronzed areas between the veins - to grow in the spring and often have a bronze cast - sterile and have numerous shoots at the base of the stalk * are stunted, lose their shiny green luster, and produce few runners - shiny-green luster, and produce few runners - susceptible to winter-kill - toxic to herbivores and are more competitive than uninfected grasses - usually dwarfed and bunchy and yields are reduced * become coated with a sticky fluid from the aphids - pale green, and lower leaves turn yellow and then brown - stunted and unthrifty, and are prone to wilting - stunted, and are very susceptible to winter kill - very yellow * break over below the flowers. * collapse and cause the grass in the blighted spots to appear matted. * develop a gray mold on the lower leaf surface - spores, which are the seeds of the fungus - sterile or nearly sterile white heads with a few or no shriveled kernels - wilt symptoms on one or more runners, usually beginning at their tips * die because water-conducting vessels in infected plants are blocked - early, often producing little or no fruit - out very quickly during dry weather - prematurely, generally within circular patches in the field - suddenly from mid-summer to fall * elongate following spring, topped by bright yellow leaves. * fail to flower or blossoms fall off before they open. * flower prematurely and flower size is reduced. * grow normally for a while, the wilt and die - slowly, producing numerous second- ary shoots * have a bushy, distorted appearance - dark areas extending up the stem several inches from the soil line - higher concentrations of sodium and amino-nitrogen in the roots - lesions with white cottony growth near the base of the stem - small red or reddish-brown spots on stems, leaves, and flowers - smaller leaves and grow slowly - very little tap root - yellow leaves and are stunted * lose their feeder roots and the vascular system of the taproot is darkened - vigor and gradually die * produce a few dull, wrinkled peppers that ripen prematurely - distorted and sterile inflorescences - fewer viable seed * produce infected seed and stubble where the spores overwinter - less grain, and the quality of the grain itself is lessened - spores that can be carried in moist air for up to several miles * pull up easily, with roots and crowns breaking off due to rot. * show a characteristic erectness of leaves about the stem - increased lateral rootlet development - symptoms of wilting and poor growth * stand out in stark contrast, because they do indeed, turn white. * stay green late in the fall. * tend to produce fewer tillers with smaller and fewer seeds per head. * turn a sickly yellow green and tend to wilt in the afternoons of hot and sunny days. * turn yellow and are stunted - stop growing * wilt and die very quickly * wilt, turn yellow and are stunted. * wither and die quickly.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Infested plant * appear stunted and discolored - yellowed, often covered with black, sooty mold * become chlorotic and unthrifty from sap removal - covered with sweet, sticky honeydew secretions - sticky with honeydew and dark with sooty molds - unsightly and fail to bloom - weak, deformed and pale, and eventually die * become yellow and less productive - twisted with curled leaves that eventually fall off * can have leaves that turn red, and berries that are undersized. * develop a ragged whorl. * exhibit wilting and wrinkled leaves, and quickly decline due to the bacteria. Insectivorous plant * capture and consume insects. * have leaves that are made like pitchers or bladders which catch insects. + Carnivorous plant, Trapping mechanisms: Flowering plants<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Invasive plant * Most invasive plants grow in environments - readily, producing an abundance of seeds in a short span - have tendencies - share important characteristics * Some invasive plants have abundances - digestion - native plant abundances * are a threat to biodiversity and can be found in nature preserves across the world - one of the most significant natural threats to preserving historic landscapes - the bullies of gardens, blocking other plants from growing properly * can cause wildfires to occur more often and burn more intensely - change the entire structure of an ecosystem - compete with native species for resources - easily become trapped in car door, wheel wells and tire treads - spread rapidly and smother native vegetation * exploit bare soil and unused niches. * reproduce rapidly, either vegetatively or by seed. * require amounts. * share characteristics Jade plant * are desert plants and have evolved several strategies to tolerate extended droughts - sometimes tough to get the hang of * can live quite happily for years while root-bound. * do best where they get four or more hours a day of direct sunlight. * have an active and a dormant growing cycle. * like to be root bound. * propagate quite easily too. Jasmine plant * flower in late springs * grow in habitats - particular habitats * have lifespans - long lifespans * thrive in areas. * to produce seeds. Kudzu plant * are easy to control when it first starts growing - with chemical herbicides * lose leaves.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Land plant * All land plants are embryophytes - have an alternation of multicellular haploid and diploid phases - possess sexual and asexual phases - retain the fertilized egg in a protective maternal tissue - show alternation of generations in which two multicellular body forms alternate * Land Plants make secondary cell wall s which have spiral thickenings. * Most land plants have mycorrhizas and endophytes - roots which perform several functions - vascular tissue - have, as one complex feature among others, a conducting system * absorb water through their roots. * alter atmospheric conditions by giving off oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide. * are factories that process fish on land near fishing ports - sessile organisms * form the base of the second food web. * grow almost anywhere there is enough sun, water and soil. * have a waxy cuticle covering their young stems and leaves - stomata, a unique adaptation to avoid desiccation - to find new ways to reproduce, and they have to deal with wind * invade the land. * obtain oxygen for their roots by diffusion of oxygen found in air spaces in the soil. * rely almost entirely upon carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. * root themselves into the ground. * share four key features only with the charophyceans. * unbalance biogeochemical cycles and flush of nutrients into oceans - eutrophication. * zygotes that develop on the living parent plant.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Landscape plant * Most landscape plants benefit from having organic matter worked into the root-zone area - require fertilization no more than two or three times each year * Some landscape plants produce fruit. * are accustomed to the cold and snow - the heart of all gardens and landscapes * can also be very toxic. * go dormant. * require light to moderate watering.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Large plant * Most large plants restrain cattle in a conveyor restrainer system - use cardiac arrest head to back or head to side of body stunning * are easier to move if kept on platforms with casters - more susceptible to high summer temperatures * become heavily infested before the insect is noticed. * can easily weigh more than it is safe for one person to lift. * develop a short trunk- like crown. * have small fleshy green leaves. * require equally large containers to prevent stunting of root and shoot growth. * tend to dry out the soil. Larger plant * are better able to tolerate defoliation than smaller plants. * can withstand higher populations but show reduced growth and yellowing. * compete with smaller emerging plants. * consume more water than seedlings. * have greater access to shared resources, therefore they get bigger faster - two or three big main roots that spread far * produce energy more cheaply than smaller plants, neither with ongoing costs for fuels - seeds within a few weeks Leafy plant * Most leafy plants grow in areas - moist areas * Most leafy plants grow on floors - forest floors * can be red, green, or brown in color. * include spinach. * vary in length. Leggy plant * indicate poor light. * needs to grow bushier, keep more compact form. Lettuce plant * attain height. * enter cotyledon stages * have bottoms - flowers - perfect flowers<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Live plant * Includes cuttings, roots, bulbs, corns, rhizomes and stems. * More live plants means more dead plants later on. * can be difficult to keep alive indoors, so it's usually best to go with plastic foliage. * help increase and maintain humidity - maintain humidity and provide cover - to breakdown pollutants in the tank such as nitrates * represent growth, which helps balance out the negative effects of the fireplace. * require the proper lighting to thrive. * thrive in a bathroom that has light. Low plant * allow animals access to the water. * can even grow up between the openings. Lower plant * Many lower plants have the power of building up pro- toplasm without chlorophyll and sunlight. * provide homes and protection for many invertebrates and fish. * serve many important purposes. Madagascar periwinkle * Most madagascar periwinkles have flowers. * contains a virtual cornucopia of toxic and useful alkaloids. * is an annual in north Florida and a perennial in south Florida.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Male plant * are distinguished by their long flower stalks bearing many flowers - long and open, their flowers have stamens - preferred as ornamentals - ready to harvest for fiber when the leaves change from dark green to light brown * bear cones that are about two feet long and five inches in diameter. * begin shedding leaves shortly after flowering, shied their pollen and die. * give much higher yields, are less susceptible to disease, and are longer lived. * have best flowers - larger catkins than the females - no commercial value, but are used to pollinate females * lack papillae but are generally rare. * produce a larger number of spears, earlier in spring, but they often are thin - egg-shaped cones that are usually yellow to brown in color - more spears but female plants produce larger ones - pinkish flowers in spring * yield more asparagus with no seeds produced while in the fern stage of growth. Mangrove plant * develop roots. * produce seeds. * to survive in conditions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Marginal plant * Most marginal plants can live in zero to six inches of water. * do well with a couple of inches of water over their crowns. Marigold plant * Most marigold plants contain chemicals - have aroma * are a very prolific, easy to grow annual flower. * have a pungent aroma, which many gardeners enjoy although some find unpleasant * make a poison. * propagate through seeds. Marijuana plant * Most marijuana plants have chlorophyll - deficiencies - nutrient deficiencies * need energy - nutrients * to produce buds. Marine plant * Most marine plants grow on floors - sandy sea floors * Some marine plants grow in oceans. * can also produce valued biomedicinal compounds. * discharge it into the air. * help shape Florida-manatee distribution and habitat.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Mature plant * Mature Plants can grow up to three meters tall. * More mature plants can tolerate feeding damage with little effect on yield. * Most mature plants produce seeds. * are difficult to transplant as they are sensitive to shock - distasteful to animals and contain less of the toxin - more tolerant than seedlings - particularly competitive with winter annuals and shallow-rooted perennials - quite tolerant to most herbicides - very floriferous with flowers in autumn, winter and spring * bear masses of white flowers followed by black fruit, but young plants flower little. * bloom profusely, with flowers numbering in the tens of thousands - repetitively * break off at ground level and tumble with the wind dispersing seeds. * can be up to six feet tall - develop massive tap root structures - reproduce from coppice - tolerate higher salts than young plants * can withstand periods of drought - short-term immersions * decline quickly. * develop a fringe of white hairs surrounding the black spine at the tip of each leaf - short stem - large extensive root systems that penetrate deeply into the earth * die after seed is produced. * do fine with just large bark, tree fern, or macadamia nut shells. * give off rhizomes, which produce aerial shoots near the mother plant. * grown in warmer areas tend to bloom for an extended period of time. * have a good resistance to frost in West Australian conditions - reddish cast after frost - clusters of pinkish-white flowers in winter - deep and extensive horizontal roots - large amounts of cured foliage which burns hot - massive smooth gray trunks - much lower toxicity, and well-cured hay is relatively safe for consumption - no connection to the ground - tougher leaves and stronger flavors * produce a blossom-bearing spike, or inflorescence, from the center of that cup - mass of leaves - multitude of blooms - both male and female gametes - insignificant flowers at the top of the stem - small black berries appreciated by birds in the winter - spores on the underside of the leaves - two annual harvests in low fertility soil * root easily from cuttings. * seem to be independent of the mycorrhizal relationship. * thrive on a certain amount of neglect. * wilt and die. Medicinal plant * Many medicinal plants are also in trouble from overharvesting and destruction of habitat - have a significant quercetin content * Some medicinal plants grow as parasites on the larger trees. * are supplied through collection from wild populations and cultivation - the oldest known health-care products * deserve certain attention because they are of great value. * have their own unique features. Microscopic plant * Most microscopic plants grow in ponds - make food - use energy * Some microscopic plants increase turbidities - live in oceans - obtain energy Milkweed plant * grow from long taproots * have potential * invade farms. * provide shelter.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Mint plant * are popular as ornamentals, often cultivated as fragrant herb garden plants. * cross pollinate easily, so hybrids abound. * like to grow in moist conditions such as along a river bank. * prefer moist, partial shade. Mistletoe plant * Some mistletoe plants grow on ranges. * are male or female with tiny yellow-green flowers with four petals. Modern plant * Many modern plants are unable to compete in nature without their mycorrhizal partner. * Most modern plants are seed producing plant. * use oxygen to oxidize ethylene. Monocotyledonous plant * comprise a monophyletic lineage derived from within the dicots. * have two additional structures in the form of sheaths. Most other plant * have deep roots * release seeds. Mustard plant * Most mustard plants have flowers - tendencies - produce flowers * are any of several plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis - capable of causing several types of problems * drop seeds. * prefer full sun and cool weather. * retain their toxic components upon drying. Native australian plant * adapt to conditions - severe conditions * produce seeds.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Native plant * Many native plants are accustomed to spring snow run-off, especially in the foothills. * Many native plants are highly flammable during different seasons of the year - resistant to drought - bear fruits which can be eaten fresh, dried or used in desserts and jellies - provide food and shelter for a great diversity of our native wildlife * Most native plants adapt to conditions * Most native plants attract native pollinators - belong to families * Most native plants find in habitats - wetland habitats * Most native plants grow on floors - forest floors * Most native plants have biological restraints that limit their abundance - chemical properties * Most native plants have unique chemical properties * Most native plants produce plants - provide nectar - put most of their growth into their root system the first year * Most native plants survive in conditions - soil conditions * Native Plants Compile a list of native plants. * Some native plants are very toxic and if eaten are often fatal - become weeds * Some native plants grow feet - few feet - in wet, swampy areas, while other flourish in high, dry scrub communities * Some native plants have growth habits * absorb water and anchor soils, preventing shallow slides and erosion. * are a part of our natural heritage. * are also a major element in the natural beauty for which California is famous - home, food or hunting grounds for many animals - the plants that our local wildlife likes best * are an integral part of all ecosystems - healthy ecosystems - beautiful, drought tolerant, wind tolerant, and hardy - either endemic or indigenous to Hawaii - for the most part unhybridized - generally more disease resistant than other species - genetically diverse * are hardy because they have adapted to the local conditions - plants because they are well adapted to Maine s climate * are important for their ecological, economic, and aesthetic values - more adapted to regional environmental conditions than are exotic plants - much easier to find in Canberra than they are in Eugene - our plants, the ones that belong here - part of the region's natural heritage - sources of foods, commodities and medicines * are the new standard for revegetation of former hazardous waste sites - ones best suited for the Ontario climate - usually best for native bees, and can be used in both wild areas and gardens - vital to wetland wildlife for food and shelter * are well adapted and therefore require less water and fertilizer - for the climatic conditions of their region and are easy to care for - to our soils and precipitation - suited to meet the needs of native pollinator species * attract and feed native birds and butterflies, as well as other beneficial insects. - wildlife and help add to the biodiversity of schoolyards * can be a hit where other species strike out - important hosts of sweetpotato weevil - form the backbone of a low-maintenance garden - provide children and adults with a tangible link to the past - significantly reduce water runoff and, consequently, flooding - survive and produce a bounty without human interference * come in all shapes and sizes. * comprise most of the feral hog diet. * cope with the heat in various ways. * do the best job of providing food and shelter for our native birds. * drop leaves. * give people a sense of place within their local environment. * grow better than non-natives. * have an important role to play in modern landscaping - other ways of dealing with drought, including trapping and collecting dew * have unique adaptations for living in desert environments * help reduce air pollution. * lack chemical and physical defenses. * need water. * occur in communities, meaning that they have evolved together with other plants. * offer a number of benefits to any outdoor setting - our insects and wildlife valuable food and cover - the advantage of being perfectly suited to our environment * promote biodiversity and stewardship of our natural heritage. * protect the sand dunes and provide food and shelter for our native birds and animals. * provide benefits - color, screening, windbreaks, food and shelter for wildlife - familiar sources of food and shelter for wildlife * provide food and cover for insects - shelter for birds, butterflies and other desirable wildlife - habitat that attracts birds, butterflies and other wildlife - important food and shelter for fish, birds, and other wildlife - shelter and food for wildlife * reflect the precipitation, the temperature and the soil quality of a given area. * require fewer pesticides than lawns. * require less water than lawns - water, fertilizer, and pesticides, as well as less trimming - lower maintenance * save money. * stabilize the soil and help prevent erosion. * suffer from severe competition and transformation of soil, water, and fire regimes. * take less time and care to maintain - time to become established in the landscape * tend to be more resistant to herbivores such as deer and native insects. * thrive in continuous sun and shrug off the wind that howls between the buildings - our tropical soils and drier climate - with little care, in the right conditions * use less water and require less care than non-native plants.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Nectar plant * are a food source for the adult butterflies - key component to prime habitat for monarchs and other pollinators - also diverse, with a preference for thistles - plants which flower abundantly and provide rich sources of food for the adults - their food of choice * provide nourishment for the adult butterflies. Nettle plant * Most nettle plants shed too little pollen to be a major cause of hayfever. * have erect stalks<\|endoftext\|>### plant: New plant * Some new plants can grow from seeds. * are grown from cuttings - the tuft of leaves crowning the fruit - made at nodes along the stem - obtained from the parent plant without the production of seeds or spores - often the source of insect infestation - produced at nodes along the stem * arise from adventitious buds on deep, lateral roots - primarily from seed but propagation from root segments is also possible * attract web-spinning spiders, which flow in on the wind. * can also arise from the shallow roots of older live plants - grow by the separation of parts of the original plant * can grow from pieces or from the seeds of loosestrife - the seeds of other plants * come from the root and root segments. * develop from buds on the root system - parts other than seed - seeds or sometimes from offshoots - quickly from underground stems, usually forming clumps of plants - vegetatively on stolons near the soil surface * emerge from each tuber. * form at the base of the stem - from the midvein * grow attached to the parent, then drop as offsets to the ground - easily from cuttings or from stems making contact with the soil - fast, flowering usually within their first year * grow from nodes on stolons - the rhizome - parts of the parent plant * grow from the seeds, which look like rice kernels - when the fragments sink, rooting best in protected locations * has double chromosomes and Two copies of everything. * pop up at the ends of the roots. * regenerate from root bits left in the soil. * start from crown regrowth, rhizomes, and seeds that germinate in fall and spring - pieces of old plants - spores or seeds * take about a year to establish and then get more vigorous and tough with age. * tend to be small their first year. Numerous plant * are poisonous to animals including azalea, easter lily, and oleander. * grow by forming stems next to the substrate. * stems and leaves are covered with hairs. Old plant * can lose some leaf tissue without yield loss. * contain hydrocyanic acid and are dangerous to livestock. * die, and other plants take their place. * form large clumps with irregular stems. * have a peeling, cinnamon-colored bark. * tend to flower more than young ones.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Older plant * Some older plants are so full of leaves and thin branches that they bear poor quality flowers - can become toxic such as the poke plant * affected by the disease turn yellow and have small crinkled leaves. * are less palatable and less poisonous - more tolerant of aphid feeding - often well flowering - stunted and sickly with yellowish leaves * become woody. * can survive a light frost but it is best to avoid it if possible - tolerate the sun much better * develop woody stems to support the delicate, attractive foliage. * divide most easily. * exhibit a temporary wilt which appears repeatedly in the middle of the day. * expose attractive red bark on the trailing stems. * flower freely and produce many inflorescences. * grown out of season in cold weather sometimes exhibit purple leaves. * have a thickened stalk or trunk and long-stemmed leaves that point upward or out - larger roots that can be eased out with a garden fork - soft lesions on stems, petioles, leaves or pods - trouble adjusting to transplanting * lose old leaves as new ones come on. * rot at the base. * show leaf burn at the top but are recovering - rusty- brown, zoned spots on the leaves, petioles, and stems * tend to branch but clumps of younger plants are usually made up of singular stems - die down in the winter or to only produce a very small basal rosette - flower faster than younger plants - get untidy, but cut the old long woody stalks right back after flowering - split at the base, which allows wood rot fungi to take hold * tolerate periods of neglect. * translocate herbicide poorly, so control by herbicide can be difficult. * turn pale, wilt, and wither from a rot or canker of the lower stem or roots. * wilt and die with lesions at the base as noted above.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Oleander * Most oleanders bloom in summer. * Most oleanders have beautiful flowers - double flowers * Most oleanders produce colorful flowers - fragrant flowers - shape flowers - root in water with relative ease, although the process can take a couple of months * Most oleanders use dirty water * Some oleander leaves to treat health conditions. * Some oleanders have dark green leaves - help cancer * a beautiful plant, but poisonous if ingested. * are a common decorative shrub used in Israel, like California and Florida - potential problem for pets too - easy to grow, which contributes to their great sizes - poisonous plants - usually very large, mounded shrubs that take up considerable space in the landscape * are very drought tolerant once established, but respond well to occasional deep watering - drought-tolerant once established, but respond well to occasional deep watering - strong and can take a good amount of pruning * bloom in both cool and warm shades of red * can tolerate drought and temperatures near zero during short periods of time. * causes rush to skin, and is toxic. * comes in many colors. * contains two major cardiac glycosides, oleandroside and nerioside. * does cause nausea. * generally grow best in the coastal areas of South Carolina - have no serious insect or disease problems * grow large very quickly, even in the North - quickly into a mound of showy blossoms * grows on the well-drained soil in areas that provide enough sunlight. * has extremely poisonous leaves. * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plant parts - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is extremely poisonous - official flower of Hiroshima - one of the most poisonous plants on the planet - the only recorded host plant of the spotted oleander caterpillar * large evergreen shrub that is hardy in the southern tier of Arkansas counties - shrub when grown outdoors in warm climates * plant containing cardioactive glycosides - that grows well in the worst situations * ranks with yew in toxicity. * require little or no fertilizer. * thrive in a well-draining soil enriched with some compost - subtropical coastal areas * tolerate a range of soil conditions, from dry sandy soils to moist clay soils. * tough, easy to grow plant that is best in sunny, well drained sites. Orchid plant * have stems. * produce aerial roots - many aerial roots Ordinary plant * have about ten times as many connections with their environment as animals. * suffer in such soils from nitrogen starva- tion. Organic plant * Most organic plants grow from seeds. * Organic Plants use nutrients at different rates and at different times during the growing season. Ornamental * Some ornamentals are yellow or brown. * add beauty to the landscape with color, and many are fragrant as well. * are plants - sometimes favorite deer foods, high in nutrition * have thinner shells. Ornamental plant * Most ornamental plants grow best if fertilized with a light hand - perform poorly when grown in wet soil conditions - require slightly to strongly acidic soil * are an important part of any landscape - cultivated in a nursery for sale - grown for decoration, rather than food or raw materials - plants grown for their beauty * can provide cooling shade for walls, windows and the roof of a house. * grow to different sizes. * vary greatly in drought tolerance. Outdoor plant * Outdoor Plants Make sure that plants are healthy going into winter. * are susceptible to getting nibbled on by rabbits, squirrels and other creatures. * can contribute to indoor allergens by releasing pollen that then enters buildings. * do well when planted near a water feature or even in soggy soil. Oxygenating plant * are essential for pools with fish - vital in a water garden * provide oxygen only during daylight. Pansy plant * grow in habitats. * prefer locations.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Papaya plant * Most papaya plants grow in areas - environments - tropical environments - windy areas - tops - make growth * Most papaya plants require fertilization - frequent fertilization - show symptoms * Some papaya plants are hermaphroditic, meaning they produce both male and female flowers - look like trees - produce fruit * drop flowers. * have purple stems * may have flowers Pasture plant * are bermudagrass and klein grass. * have high energy and protein contents until they begin to flower, or heat out. Peanut plant * grow in climates - warm climates * produce bright flowers - yellow flowers - seeds Peppermint plant * display leaves. * grow to height. * have factors - green leaves * have many beneficial factors * have shiny green leaves - slender flowers - tall flowers * survive in environments. * to produce fertile seeds	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Perennial * Identify herbaceous perennials used in southeastern landscapes. * Many perennials are susceptible to the virus and thrips - grown from seed take one or two years before they flower - look the same when they have only a couple of their first leaves * Most perennials also reproduce by seed so new seedlings germinate every year - are adaptable to sun or shade, various soil and water conditions - benefit from a boost with fertilizer as new growth begins in the spring - die back in winter, but some retain many of their leaves - do best in full sun, although many tolerate shade, and some even prefer it - end up spindly and unattractive when high-nitrogen fertilizers are applied - give daily color and last longer - have to be dug up and divided occasionally * Most perennials prefer good levels of sunlight, about six hours is optimal - well-drained soil - reach their mature size in two to three years * Some perennials are even well-suited to growing on a trellis or a fence line - extremely drought-tolerant - invasive and others require pruning - very long lived, and some short - live to return year after year for decades or even centuries - provide beauty through striking foliage or texture - take three or more years to produce flowers * add nutrients to the soil directly, but they also have an indirect effect. * also produce new plants from seed. * are a little more costly but can live for years as they grow and spread - an indispensable part of every garden, regardless of size - best divided in fall as the plants enter dormancy - classified as either herbaceous or woody - difficult and costly to control once a crop has been planted * are great at filling voids between blooms - for taking up lawn because they can require little care - less fussy about the timing of rainfall - long-lived compared to annuals and require relatively low maintenance * are more primitive than biennials, and biennials are usually more primitive than annuals - work than annuals - most often deciduous plants, which reappear from the roots year after year * are plants that can live for several years or more - come back every summer - continue to grow indefinitely * are plants that grow back year after year, assuming they have proper conditions and care - persistently for many seasons - live and bloom for more than one year * are plants that live for three years or longer - two or more years * are plants that live more than two growing seasons - two seasons - survive the winter - popular because they live for many years once established in the flower garden - probably the most useful, versatile plants around - the staple plants of many garden palettes * bloom all summer. * bring color and texture to the landscape. * can add brilliance and backbone to many gardens - be dandy container plants - fill niches in dry shade, moist shade, and damp or dry sunny spots - last decades and spread more each year - range in height from several inches to many feet - take three or four years to reach a mature size * come back every year for three or more years - season after season, and survive the winters in their roots - up too early because of the heat from the lines, then they freeze off * continue in a pasture year after year while annuals have top be planted every year. * develop their roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds all in the first year. * differ in growth habit, size, leaf morphology, and other characteristics. * drop seeds at different times throughout the growing season, depending upon the species. * establish a root system and come back each year. * generally require different conditions from annual seeds. * grow in sweeps - to twice their size in as little as one year * grows from the parent plant. * have a positive effect on the annual crops as well - shorter bloom period than annuals - enough work growing without competing with weeds for food, water and space - several different types of root systems * know it's time to rest for the winter. * live and produce seeds year after year. * live for more than one growing season - that one growing season - several years after germination - forever * live more than two years before their life cycle is complete - years, and grow back from the same roots year after year - the longest of the three - more than two years * move nutrients into their roots during fall to prepare for winter. * often require less maintenance than some annual flowers. * prefer full sun and well-drained soil. * produce new vegetative growth from growing points at or below the soil surface. * protect annuals from desiccating winds. * provide a permanent vegetation cover and annuals can be intercropped - organic fertiliser from leaf fall and nitrogen from nitrogen fixing species - the local fauna with nesting sites and hiding places from predators * regrow from roots. * represent a growing category for local greenhouses and nurseries. * reproduce from seed, as well as vegetatively from their root systems. * require from one to many years growth before flowering. * sleep the first year, they creep the second year, and they leap the third year. * subshrub native to the Mediterranean. * survive three or more seasons. * take longer to grow, though. * tend to be lower maintenance and more drought resistant than other types of plants - die back to the ground when exposed to cold weather during the winter * usually live for several years a - show up best when planted in clumps or groups of plants of the same variety	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Perennial plant * Many perennial plants exhibit such dormancy. * Most perennial plants add new growth each year as trees do. * Most perennial plants belong to families - lily families * Most perennial plants consist of leaves - short stems - die back to the ground each winter, but the roots remain alive underground * Most perennial plants grow in climates - subtropical climates - to height * Most perennial plants have a distinct bloom period, lasting anywhere from a week to a month or more - female flowers - shiny yellow flowers - occur in areas - offer diversity * Most perennial plants produce basal leaves - rhizomes - underground rhizomes - reproduce both sexually through seed and asexually through vegetative cloning - thrive in conditions * Some perennial plants develop from rhizomes * Some perennial plants grow in basal rosettes - have distribution * Some perennial plants live for many years - spread flowers * Some perennial plants survive dry seasons * are an important factor in stabilising the environment - most common in rock Gardens, although some annuals can be used * can persist over long periods of time, usually over-wintering in a dormant state. * emerge from the taproot in mid-spring and can be controlled by tillage. * have additional climatic needs * live for a series of years * need conditions - specific conditions * play an important function in landscape design. * provide greater stability in the arid zone, especially during periods of drought. * remain in the ground year after year. * store food in the roots after seasonal growth. * take some time to get established. * tend to be less contaminated than annual plants. ### plant \| perennial: Hardy perennial * All hardy perennials can survive frost. * can live through the winter without protection. Herbaceous perennial * Many herbaceous perennials have short generations. * Most herbaceous perennials grow and flower for several years. * are ones that freeze back to the ground each winter - the best colorful flowers for the mountains * come back from their roots. Simple perennial * Most simple perennials have taproots - large roots that grow vertically down through the soil. * form a deep taproot and spread primarily by seed dispersal. * reproduce only by seed and emerge from the same vegetative structure every year. * spread only by seed. * survive best in perennial crops or undisturbed areas. Photosynthetic plant * Most photosynthetic plants use energy. * convert solar energy to chemical bond energy in carbohydrates. * soak up energy from the sun and use it to form sugar. * to make food.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Phytoplankton * absorb both across their cell walls - light, resulting in decreased light intensity with descending depth * also form the base of aquatic food webs - live in the epipelagic zone - serve as a major source of oxygen and sink for carbon dioxid e * are able to harness the sun's energy and make food. * are also crucially dependent on minerals - the basis of the marine food web - an important aspect of a healthy body of water - autotrophs, so they make their own food and are producers - bacteria and algae that use to make food - classified into groups by the type of pigments they use to perform photosynthesis - especially useful as indicators of eutrophication - far more abundant, and collectively more massive, than fish or marine mammals - found drifting in the water column of the pelagic zone - free-floating, photosynthesising protists - heterotrophs which depend on autotrophs for nutrition - important to the world environment - like plants - made up of single-celled algae and cyanobacteria - mainly unicellular or single-celled plants known as algae - microalgae that form an essential component of the marine food chain - microorganisms that drift about in water * are microscopic algae and bacteria that feed some fish and birds - floating algae, which form the base of the ocean food web - free swimming organisms which live in photosynthetic algae - marine plants - organisms that include plants, algae, and bacteria - plants that are free floating in the open water * are microscopic plants that are the base of the food chain in most of the ocean - foundation of the marine food chain - drift freely with the ocean currents * are microscopic plants that live in the ocean - the water like diatoms small, single-celled algae - waterplants that float in Antarctica's fresh waters - microscopic, photosynthetic, free-floating organisms in the ocean - organisms commonly found in oceans throughout the world - photosynthetic organisms which are suspended in the water column - planktonic algae such as diatoms and dinoflagellates * are primary producers - producing autotrophs in the oceans - responsible for most of the photosynthesis that takes place in the oceans - smaIl, single-celled ocean plants, smaller than the size of a pinhead - small primary producers suspended in water * are small, microscopic single-celled plants * are the base of the food chain in the oceans - chain in the sea - web, using sunlight for photosynthesis * are the basis of the marine food chain and a good indicator of environmental change - food chain and a significant factor in global climate * are the first link in the food chain - food web, but an overabundance causes imbalances - ocean food chain - food source for numerous other organisms, especially the zooplankton - foundation of the oceanic food chain - key primary producers in the ocean * are the main primary producers at the bottom of the marine food chain * are the major producers in both microbial and metazoan food webs - of the sea * are the microscopic plants that are the bottom of the food chain in the ocean - drift around in the water - producers of the river's ecosystem * are the most abundant and widely distributed form of plant life on Earth - widespread producers in the marine environment - important primary producers in the ocean - photosynthetic members of the plankton community - photosynthetic plankton or the producers * are the primary producers in the Antarctic marine food web - single celled plants upon which primary consumers such as small fish feed - very start of the food chain * are tiny animals that feed on zooplankton - microscopic plants that serve as the basis for the aquatic food chain - plants which float in the water column - single-celled plants that require light to live and reproduce * are tiny, microscopic plants that bait fish feed upon * blanket the surface of the water and turn water brown or blue-green. * can also be the harbingers of death or disease - grow explosively over a few days or weeks * carry out photosynthesis and are the base of the food chain in the ocean. * cause mass mortality in other ways. * come in many different structures, but all except for cyanobacteria are algae - shapes and sizes * concentrates along the boundaries of the eddies, tracing the motion of the water. * contain chlorophyll and require sunlight to live and grow. * create their own energy from sunlight. * depend on light for photosynthesis and therefore are only found in surface waters - other substances to survive as well * drifting about below the surface of the water still carry out photosynthesis. * form the base of the food chain - basis of life in the world's oceans - foundation of aquatic food webs * forms the major food source of zebra mussels in lakes. * get their energy directly from the sun using photosynthesis, just like plants. * grow or 'bloom' very quickly and in huge quantities. * have a relatively short turnover time - an important role in the marine ecosystem - many different appearances - thousands of classifications - to stay in relatively shallow water to get enough light for photosynthesis * imparts a green color to the water in a properly fertilized pond. * is also the most widely eaten kind of plankton - another term scientists use for microalgae that float in the sea - composed of photosynthetic protists and bacteria - full of antioxidant nutrients and pigments - minute plant life and serves as food for minnows and other small fish in the pond - responsible for the fixation of approx * is the base of several aquatic food webs - basis of the entire food chain in the oceans - biological indicator that monitors water quality * is the main producer of the organic matter in production-phytoplanktonic reservoirs - source of food for zooplankton - minute plant life found in bodies of water - most important kind of plankton, because phytoplankton consists of producers - very important to marine life - near the ocean surface where there is light for photosynthesis * make up the foundation of the oceanic food web. * only is single-cell, also known as marine unicellular algae. * play a key role in the ecosystems of oceans, seas and freshwater basins. * play an even bigger role in aquatic systems than just as food for aquatic animals - important role in the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere * produce oxygen during photosynthesis. * produces almost half the world's carbohydrates and oxygen. * provide the majority of plant life upon which the Antarctic food chain depends. * reproduce fast but are present only in small amounts at any one time. * require a source of nitrogen that they can utilize after direct uptake. * require sunlight and nutrients to grow * serve as condensation nuclei for cloud formation. * slow down and absorb carbon dioxide. * take up carbon dioxide and give off oxygen in the process of photosynthesis - during the light hours for photosynthesis - dissolved carbon dioxide and fix it into organic carbon * thrive in warmer temperatures, reproducing at amazing rates. * thrives on certain nutrients produced by the decay of organic matter. * typically grow in the upper regions of the water column - thrive at or near the sea surface where sunlight is most abundant * use photosynthesis to convert inorganic carbon into protoplasm. * usually float near the waters surface. * utilize nitrogenous waste products as nutrient sources for growth.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| phytoplankton: Marine phytoplankton * are extremely tolerant to changes in salinity - the first link in the large marine food chain * is most productive where upwellings bring nutrient-rich waters to the surface. Planktonic algae * are a leading cause of water quality problems in reservoirs. * can occur briefly at various stages in pond development. * live free-floating in the ocean and in the largest to smallest lakes and streams. * produce most of the molecular oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. * serve as the base of the food chain.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Plant life * All plant life contains some aluminum in a hydrophilic chelated colloidal form. * Most plant life has ability. * Some plant life helps predators. * can decline due to drought , disease, or human activity - provide natural sources of chemicals found in many medications * consists of mesquite bushes, cactus and lowland grasses. * depends on sunlight, moisture and good soil in order to thrive. * determines the kinds and quantities of animals an environment can support. * differs dramatically from dune ridge to dune ridge. * dissolves the rock and assimilates it into itself transforming it into plant. * exists in precarious harmony with representatives of the insect world - profusion * includes bald cypress, which secretes tannin that gives the river waters a dark color - blueberry bushes and perennial succulents such as lady's slipper - lichens and small shrubs - mature hardwoods - some grass and shrubs , algae , lichen , fungi , and bacteria - woody and herbaceous communities * is able to sustain many birds all year without supplemental feeding - abundant as well, including a few endemic species * is an important part of freshwater ponds, helping to create a balanced ecosystem - organism - characteristic of bottom ground, offering a variety of species - composed of creeping shrubs, tufted grass-like plants, lichens, and mosses - critical to all three life cycles * is limited to marine algae - mosses and lichens - located in waterfalls - low growing and shallow rooted - predominantly representative of a mature oak-hickory forest - prolific with scores of aquatic and riparian plants - rich in medicinal herbs, fruits and berries - sparse in the desert and wildlife depends on it to survive + Antarctica: Gondwana * Antarctica is considered a desert. No humans live in Antarctica permanently. However, about 1,000 to 5,000 people live through the year at the research stations in Antarctica. Only plants and animals that can bear cold live there. The animals include penguins, seals, nematodes, tardigrades and mites. Plant life includes some grass and shrubs, algae, lichen, fungi, and bacteria. Plant propagation * can also refer to the artificial or natural dispersal of plants - fall into two categories, sexual and asexual propagation * is both an art and a science. * is the process of producing a new plant from an existing one - more plants either asexually or sexually * refers to the sexual and asexual reproduction of plants. Plantlet * are new, small plants that grow on the leaf edges of a parent plant - tiny plants that grow along the margins of certain leaves - young or small plants * develop from the bulbils while they are still attached. * grow easily if they are separated from the flower stalk when they are rooted. * start easily. ### plant \| plantlet: Small plantlet * arise on the main veins of the leaf near the base. * develop at the point of attachment of each flower.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Poisonous plant * Learn to recognize poisonous plants such as poison ivy or oak, or sumac. * Many poisonous plants cause sudden death - look like their edible relatives or like other edible plants * Most poisonous plants grow in areas - on landscapes - occur in areas * Poisonous Plants Feeding wild greenery can be deadly. * Some poisonous plants are ivy, poinsettia, philodendron, baladium, and laurel. * Some poisonous plants cause death * are among the important causes of economic loss to the livestock industry - everywhere - more common than most people think * can be a problem under certain conditions in limited areas - cause severe dermatitis, or skin irritation, or internal poisoning * cause many serious illnesses and even death among adults and children each year. * have a tendency to grow along fence lines as well as around ponds and lakes. * vary between animals. ### plant \| poisonous plant: Common snowberry * has large ecological amplitude. * is considered important browse for many types of wildlife and livestock - one of the first species to recolonize a postburn site * native, deciduous, shrub that is densely branched. * provides cover for several species of birds and mammals.<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| poisonous plant: Hellebore * Most hellebores prefer a neutral or alkaline soil. * are easy to propagate by seed - evergreen, and among the very first perennials to bloom - flowers - members of the buttercup family, which includes ranunculuses and columbines - sensitive, however to too poor drainage and too much moisture - strikingly attractive shade-loving perennials - woodland plants so they are happiest in dappled shade and rich moist soil * demand moist conditions and prefer partial shade. * do poorly when crowded in by other plants or stuck in heavy clay. * have relatively few pest or disease problems - various preferences for soil and site * love light shade and pop into flower even before the daffodils have made an appearance. * thrive in loamy soil enriched with plenty of compost. Lantana * are poisonous plants - super butterfly magnets, especially for skippers * bloom in a dense head with individual florets tubular, with four or five lobes - individual tubular florets with four or five lobes Monkshood * are entirely dependent upon bumblebees for pollination. * is highly toxic if used internally. Poison hemlock * can cause fetal deformation if a pregnant animal eats the plant. * contains volatile alkaloids that have been used as a poison since ancient times. * grows in wet or moist ground like swamps, wet meadows, stream banks, and ditches. * member of the carrot family. * needs dry land to grow and is often found in gardens as an ornamental plant. * tends to be more competitive in wet soil conditions but it can survive in dry sites. Poison oak * Some poison oak grows in zones. * can cause a red rash and even painful, itchy blisters - grow as a vine climbing up the side of a tree, a shrub, or a short plant Water hemlock * grows in wet seepage areas of meadows, pastures, and in streams. * has small, white flowers that grow in umbrella like clusters. * is the most violently toxic plant that grows in North America. * occurs most commonly with moist soils in eastern North Dakota. * particularly poisonous plant which is found in swampy areas of British Columbia. * perennial, meaning it grows from rootstock for several years. * starts growth in early spring. Poppy plant * Some poppy plants grow feet. * are important as ornamental plants in flower gardens. * can become waterlogged and die after a heavy rainfall in poorly drained soil. Potato plant * Most potato plants contain chemicals - toxic chemicals * Most potato plants require adequate nutrition * are a prime example of reproduction via tubers. * grow from tissue culture. * have large root sys tems. * produce flowers, fruits and seeds	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Potted plant * are an oasis for red imported fire ants during hot and dry Oklahoma summers - bare-root trees and shrubs that have been recently potted into containers * are located in porchs - roofs - shelfs - tables - windowsills - ornaments - particularly susceptible to frosts because the roots are also unprotected * require good lighting and only occasional watering - much more water than ground plants since they dry out more quickly<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Prairie plant * All prairie plants have deep roots. * Many prairie plants do best in loam soils. * Most prairie plants are perennials - have roots * are introduced by direct seeding and greenhouse-grown transplants - nearly free of disease and insects - often much larger than they appear - well suited to the soils and environment of Illinois * attract butterflies and other interesting insects. * develop root systems that far exceed the reach of their top growth. * give beauty to prairies throughout the growing season. * grow more vigorously when built-up plant materials and shade are removed. * have deep, massive roots that absorb nearly all available water. * have dense roots that help hold the soil together and collect moisture * require at least a half a day of full sun. Prayer plant * leaves fold up at night. * like to be fertilized at least once a month from spring through fall. Primitive plant * Most primitive plants produce kinds. * appear on land, as do the first corals, primitive fishes, seaweed and fungi. * move onto land, until then totally barren. Pumpkin plant * grow as vines. * have green leaves Ragweed plant * Most ragweed plants contain compounds - grow in areas * Most ragweed plants have long taproots - produce pollen * release pollen.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Rare plant * Many rare plants are unique to Tibet or Himalayas regions. * Some rare plants are more difficult to study than others - have habits - occur in counties * are already low in numbers - often in microhabitats * become rarer if they are unable to produce seeds. * grow from fissures in the limestone. * have small, localized populations. * including ferns, lily-leaved twayblade and other orchids grow on the forest floor. * provide an essential connection in the network of plant and animal life. Raspberry plant * Most raspberry plants require adequate moisture - full sunlight - tolerate soil conditions * Some raspberry plants bear fruit - grow in containers - have tolerance - produce fruit * tolerate conditions Raw plant * appear to be administered externally more often than internally. * residues, on the surface, help reduce surface wind speed and water runoff. Resistant plant * are usually resistant to many times the normal herbicide rate. * can metabolize or break down atrazine to compounds less toxic to plants. * develop necrotic tan lesions. * survive, go to seed, and create new generations of herbicide-resistant weeds. Rice plant * Most rice plants have leaves. * absorb high levels of arsenic from the water and soil. * change and become seedlings. ### plant \| rock plant: Lithophyte * are orchids that grow on rocks or cliff faces - or in very little soil * rock plant Root plant * absorb water. * have float leaves - roots * obtain water. Rosemary plant * Most rosemary plants require light. * are killed by fire. Salmonberry plant * produce vivid pink flowers. * reproduce both sexually and asexually. Salt marsh plant * play ecological roles. * play important ecological roles Salt water plant * grow to height. * have presence. Sclerophyllous plant * occur in many parts of the world - world. * world. Hogan, C. Michael 2010. Encyclopedia of Earth. They are shaped by a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and long hot dry summers. Wildfires often occur Second year plant * have stems. * produce flowers - purple flowers	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Seedless plant * Most seedless plants have gametophytes - tiny gametophytes - play roles - produce kinds * Some seedless plants have cuticles - develop vascular tissue - waxy cuticles * Some seedless plants produce spores - types * are abundant and coral and trilobites are abundant in the oceans. * provide benefits - many benefits Several other plant * adapt to arid environments * have compound leaves Several plant * contain anti-depressant compounds, including bananas - the psoralens that are generally the precursors of furocoumarins * examanate an aroma comparable to that of anis. * propagate vegetatively by tubers or the thickened, fleshy ends of rhizomes. Shade plant * Most shade plants prefer moist soil - slightly acidic soil with lots of organic matter - produce plants * Some shade plants produce fruit - poor quality fruit * require at least two hours of sun each day. Shorter plant * have a less measurable variable. * work well in front and around the sides and edges where they can be enjoyed up close.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Small plant * Many small plants grow in the shade under the trees - growing in the dense tropical forest are epiphytes * Most small plants begin to die. * appreciate some winter protection. * are cheaper but they take longer to reach maturity - generally more productive than large ones - located in fields - the first to germinate, followed by shrubs and trees - usually more vigorous, grow faster, and are easier to handle * bring warmth and life to any room. * can be susceptabile to a fungal disease called damping off - dry out quicker than large ones - produce viable seed * come up and begin to grow. * continue to grow new leaves replacing lost capabilities. * establish faster than large plants and are more economical. * have a problem in dense forests. * require less water to become established. * turn yellow and break off. Smaller plant * are more likely to be injured by cold. * equal less loss of roots during transplanting and quicker establishment and growth. * live better and establish faster than large plants and are more economical. * provide less food. * transplant easily especially late in the season. Smelter * are places where metals like nickel and copper are extracted from rock * can emit lead and other heavy metal compounds into the air. * release sulfur dioxide and are substantial energy users. Soybean plant * adapt to regions. * have tendencies. * provide nutrition. Spinach plant * produce leaves. * use energy.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Sporophyte * Most sporophytes grow on tops. * Most sporophytes have growth - indeterminate growth - simple structures - stomata * Most sporophytes produce asexual spores - chlorophyll - diploid spores - flowers - haploid spores - motile spores - single sporangiums * Some sporophytes become gametophytes - contain chlorophyll - develop within archegoniums - grow from meristems * Some sporophytes have appearances - characteristics - copies * Some sporophytes produce gametophytes - haploid gametophytes - microscopic gametophytes - seeds - rely on gametophytes - survive death * appear early in the spring, as soon as the snow melts. * are branched structures that produce large numbers of spores in multiple sporangia - deeply immersed, a capsules are peristomate, and the upper leaf is bistratose - diploid and produce haploid spores by meiosis - either heterothallic or homothallic depending on species - generally smaller and depend on the gametophyte for water and nutrients - more obvious than in liverworts, due to their usually elongate setae - multicellular organisms - smaller and are present only part of the time * are the dominant parts of the life cycle in advanced plants - multicellular diploid stage and produce spores by meiosis - very frequent and abundant * can survive much longer than gametophytes. * consist of compounds. * consists of evenly forking green stems without roots or true leaves. * contain spores. * diploid plant that can produce spore. * disperse spores. * form two types of sporangia. - well under normal greenhouse day-night conditions * grows on the gametophyte - out of archegonia - spores on fronds * has sporangium at the tip, spore mother cells undergo meiosis and produce haploid spores - vascular tissue, differentiated roots, stems, and leaves - several means of reproducing themselves asexually - stalks * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plant parts - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is dominant and independent from gametophyte - embedded in gametophyte - very small in liverworts * make spores and the cycle continues. * possesses stoma. * produce haploid spores through meiosis - tiny structures called spores through a process of cell division called meiosis - unilocular sporangia with a sporocyte * produces spores that grow into heart-shaped structure called gametophyte - unicellular haploid spores by meiosis * release spores. * spherical structure which grows parasitic on the gametophytic plant body. * then appear as black dots along the grooves. ### plant \| sporophyte: Diploid sporophyte * Most diploid sporophytes have simple structures * Most diploid sporophytes produce diploid spores * Some diploid sporophytes have copies. Mature sporophyte * Most mature sporophytes produce flowers * are usually much larger, much taller, and longer-lived than gametophytes. * is brown, doesn t photosynthesize and depends on gametophyte for food. Young sporophyte * Most young sporophytes have roots. * Some young sporophytes become gametophytes. * appear in the spring and grow rapidly.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Squash plant * All squash plants require warm soil and air temperatures for successful germination and fruit set. * Most squash plants have female flowers - take roots * are easy to grow and produce abundantly over a long season - heavy feeders - monoecious, having male and female flowers on the same plant - shallow- rooted and require ample soil moisture at all stages of growth - vines * have both male and female flowers on the same plant - separate male and female flowers on the same plant Strawberry plant * Many strawberry plants do best in a cool, moist climate. * Most strawberry plants have stolons - produce plants * Some strawberry plants produce berries.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Stressed plant * are easier prey for the black root rot fungus - especially susceptible to borer attack * are more susceptible to early blight than health plants - insects and pests - most susceptible to attack Strong plant * have a better chance of surviving the winter than weak plants - very good foliage to prevent sunscald * produce heavy foliage which shields the fruits from sun scald. Stunted plant * can contain high levels of prussic acid. * have small root systems and are more susceptible to drought stress. * result from the failure of the stem internode to elongate - in irregular and uneven stands Sturdy plant * Most sturdy plants survive in conditions - harsh conditions * Some sturdy plants grow to feet. * produce lots of fat white beans before frost - medium-sized ears with white kernels and red cobs Subtropical plant * prefer frost-free coastal to inland valley habitats. * thrive along the southerly slopes it meanders through.<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Succulent plant * Many succulent plants are spineless. * More succulent plants die from lack of water than any other reason. * Most succulent plants are spiny or toxic, often both - spiny, bitter, or toxic, and often all three - exhibit photosynthesis - grow in areas - live in areas * Some succulent plants find in deserts - resemble cacti * are also good for survival - among the most beautiful and bizarre in the entire plant kingdom - water hoarders - well-adapted to survive long periods of drought * love ample air circulation and are best grown outdoors when temperatures allow. * store water. Sugar beet plant * develop taproots. * get energy. Sunflower plant * have places. * require exposure - full sun exposure Susceptible plant * Many susceptible plants have long slender leaves such as dracaena and spider plant. * Most susceptible plants have abnormal development - cell wall development<\|endoftext\|>### plant: Tall plant * Most tall plants grow to height. * Some tall plants bear fruit - create shades - grow to feet - have offspring * are difficult for the animal to graze rapidly - usually more conspicuous than shorter ones * bear large and continuous harvests. * form clumps of stems that are smooth, slender and green. * give large yields and are resistant to bacterial speck - wildlife a place to perch and survey their surroundings * need sunlight. * produce abundant flowers excellent for cutting - sweet-tasting purple heads which turn green when cooked Taller plant * are more likely to spread fire. * can avoid burial but risk mechanical damage. * produce larger flowers. * provide more protection than shorter plants when used at the same spacing. * tend to require more light than small, bushy ones. Terrestrial plant * All terrestrial plants produce spore, but only a few produce seeds. * Most terrestrial plants enter into biocoenosis with funghi. * Some terrestrial plants grow on trunks - seem to be more sensitive than others * are obvious members of our communities. * excrete into the soil. * grow best in disturbed places with fertile soils and minimal competition. * have stomata on the surface of their leaves. * share features. Tetraploid plant * are usually larger, show more variations, and have advantages in breeding. * have double the number of chromosomes and tend to be larger and more vigorous. Thermal plant * Are electric power plants which produce and use steam to generate electricity. * Most thermal plants use energy - nuclear energy * Some thermal plants have boilers. * provide electricity to the rest of the country. Tiny plant * are very hairy in comparison to the adult. * species that float freely in the water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant: Tolerant plant * Most tolerant plants absorb water. * Most tolerant plants have capacity - waxy leaves * Some tolerant plants enter deep dormancy * absorb the metal during growth and then is removed when plant material is harvested * metabolize atrazine to hydroxyatrazine and amino acid conjugates. * need supplemental water Tough plant * blooms abundantly. * thrive without much attention. Tracheophyte * All tracheophytes have tracheids. * Some tracheophytes reproduce with seeds and some reproduce with spores. * are primarily terrestrial, although some live in water. * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| tracheophyte: Agave * Most agaves are too large to be grown in pots, but the many dwarf forms are becoming better known. * grow mainly in Mexico. The agave plants have their leaves in a rosetta arrangement. They flower only once, produce seeds and die off. * are desert plants - like an annual flower - native to Mexico - rosette plants that live for several to many years before flowering * flower only once in their lifetime, after which they senesce and die. * grow in habitats that lack abundant rainfall or in which water drains quickly * hate cold, wet soil. * have virtually no stem. * produce a sugary juice that can be fermented to produce an alcoholic beverage called pulque.<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| tracheophyte: Aloe * Most aloes contain clear gels - minerals * Most aloes have leaves - roots - succulent leaves - produce capsules, dry dehiscent fruits that split open at maturity to release the seeds - require water * Some aloes contain chemicals - different chemicals - many different chemicals - produce rhizomes * also have various culinary uses in the form of marmalade, jams, pickles and preserves. * are mostly long-lived plants, especially the larger species - prominent components of many, mainly arid, African landscapes - prone to mealybugs and scale - succulents - susceptible to mealy bugs - well-adapted to the often arid conditions found in their natural environment * consist of the juices exuded from the transversely-cut bases of the leaves of various species. * generally require soils with good drainage and do best in warm climates. * have a very long history of medicinal, cosmetic and cultural uses - cells - corpi - sections * inhibits the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase which is responsible for skin discoloration. * is also the perfect remedy for scalds and minor burns. * need sunlight. * often occur in environments that are prone to regular fires. * require two or three years' standing before they yield their juice * still form an important ingredient of commercial laxatives.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| tracheophyte: Aquatic plant * Many aquatic plants are rich in sodium - can root from fragments, so be careful to remove all plant stems that float up - thrive in and near the water - use vegetative reproduction some or all of the time * Most aquatic plants can regrow from fragments - die in autumn to prepare for winter - grow in areas * Most aquatic plants have flowers - roots * Most aquatic plants play roles - vital roles - produce oxygen - provide habitats - release pollen - use water * Some aquatic plants are used by humans as a food source - become weeds * Some aquatic plants can be nuisance plants - grow anaerobically while producing new growth in water * Some aquatic plants grow in water - zones - on bottoms - have light * Some aquatic plants provide food - places - protection - rely on water for the transfer of pollen * adapt to sites. * are a favorite food - natural component of shallow ponds and wetlands - adapted to aquatic living and are unable to survive in drier soils - an essential part of most living shorelines * are an important component of lake systems - part of the biology of our lakes and other water bodies - essential to good fishing and clean water and actually stabilize shorelines - important components of habitat for many native animals - much more fragile than their terrestrial cousins - plants that have adapted to living within aquatic environments - primary producers of oxygen - quick to recover from winter dormancy * are the foundation of life in a pond or lake - very foundation of a healthy lake ecosystem - their main food - vascular plants * associated with the fascioliasis infection are watercress and water caltrop. * become weeds when they impair or prevent use of the pond or waterway. * can also harbour zebra mussels and other species - grow quickly, the more vigorous types shading out the smaller ones - only grow in water or in soil that is permanently saturated with water - respire anaerobically * concentrate salt and other minerals. * do very well on nitrates. * get nitrogen by absorbing nitrates and ammonium. * grow along the stream, which is shaded by alders and willows. - ponds and streams, peat bogs, and abandoned gravel pits - rapidly and a short wait is often rewarded with success - no difficulty getting water - results - their own following and are grouped here - thick cuticles on their leaves - usually thin walls * help prevent shoreline erosion by breaking up wave action. * make good composting material, especially if a little limestone is added. * obtain nutrients in two different ways. * play an essential role in maintaining balanced and stable water quality * provide benefits - food, cover - nest- building materials and food for fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians * stabilize shorelines, prevent erosion and help to improve water quality. * suffer as a result. * support the economic value of lake activities - food chain that results in items on the heron's plate * utilize flagellated or non- flagellated gametes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| tracheophyte \| aquatic plant: Wild rice * coarse aquatic grass with short roots that are easily pulled up. * continues to be an important food source for the Native American peoples today. * dominates the emergent aquatics. * grows best in cold water of sufficient depth - in shallow lakes * grows naturally in the Mississippi river - shallow waters of lakes in central and northern Minnesota * has a unique, almost nutty flavor - more protein than white rice and twice the calcium - potential in utilizing current waste swamplands in northern climates - twice the protein and fiber of brown rice, but contains less iron and calcium * is an aquatic plant - cereals - grain - harvested during the late summer and early fall - obtained from a different grass plant - part of wild rice - rich in carbohydrates, and is also exceptional in protein - susceptible to zinc deficiencies * is the only grain native to the United States - seed of a grass that grows in marshes and rivers - very sensitive to the environmental conditions of it's niche * looks like rice but is actually an aquatic grass. * native American grass that bears a grain used for food. * summer annual that is commercially grown in shallow lakes or man-made paddies. Aralia * Many aralias are useful interior plants and landscape plants in tropical areas of the world. * are susceptible to a variety of insect pests. ### plant \| tracheophyte \| aralia: False aralia * hard to grow house plant requiring medium light intensity. * is more difficult to grow than other schefflera.<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| tracheophyte: Black cohosh * balances hormones, False unicorn, wild yam, and dong quai help increase fertility. * contains salicylic acid - several other substances including starch and sugars * has a history as a folk medicine for relieving menstrual cramps. * is antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, and emmenagogue - available in pills, liquids, and extracts * is native to forests in several states, including Missouri - the eastern U.S. and Canada - still one of the best-selling herbs for menopausal symptoms * member of the buttercup family. * native North American herb that has been used to alleviate symptoms of menopause - plant of North America * phytoestrogen, which means it has mild, estrogen-like properties. * rising star on the herbal horizon. * wildflower native to forests in North America.<\|endoftext\|>### plant \| tracheophyte: Bramble * Most brambles produce fruit. * Some brambles live for years - provide protection * are aggressive woodland plants - also notoriously difficult to kill - an ideal crop for both large and small farms - biennials that emerge in two stages - good candidates for home fruit production - woody plants * have ability - no known health issues, appearing to boast being an extremely hardy breed - perennial root systems and biennial canes - upright and arching to trailing stems arising from root buds * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles - xylem * obtain practically all their moisture from the top two feet of soil. * prefer a sandy loam soil that contains lots of organic matter - sandy loams or loams to coarse sands or clays * produce fruit the second year after planting ### plant \| tracheophyte \| bramble \| blackberry bush: Boysenberry * Boysenberries are a crossbreed between raspberries and blackberries - long, maroon, and almost seedless - reddish black with an aroma and flavor similar to raspberries * blackberry bush * is berries - part of boysenberry	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant \| tracheophyte \| bramble: Raspberry * Most raspberries contain natural substances * Most raspberries grow in communities - vines * Most raspberries have compounds - flowers - produce berries * Raspberries Pick the last crops, then prune the stems of summer varieties down to soil level - also improve the management of obesity * Raspberries appear to be uniquely suited to winter greenhouse production - have suffered winter injury in many areas * Raspberries are a cool-season fruit - popular fruit in some parts of the world - taste of summer - adaptable to a wide range of soil types * Raspberries are also high in fiber, low in calories and contain no fat or cholesterol - members of the rose family - available fresh, frozen, freeze-dried, and in jellies, syrups, and jams - best when prepared in simple ways - considered a high-fiber food at over eight grams of dietary fiber per cup - delectable little morsels that are easy to grow and to reproduce - distinguished by their flavor, size, shape and their hollow core - edible fruit - high in vitamin C and dietary fiber * Raspberries are in bloom - full bloom * Raspberries are low in calories and rich in vitamin C and folate - fat and a good source of dietary fiber - made up of drupelets, which each contain a seed * Raspberries are more fragile than other fruits - uniform in flavor and appearance than blackberries - notorious for their poor shelf life * Raspberries are one of the bramble fruits grown in Nebraska - most delicate and delicious small fruits grown in New Mexico - part of black raspberries * Raspberries are perennial plants with canes that live two years each - with woody stems * Raspberries are ripe when the fruit are fully colored - is fully colored - some of the most delicate and delicious small fruits grown in New Mexico - susceptible to numerous virus diseases - sweet, strawberries are fragrant, blackberries are tart * Raspberries are the best when they're still warm from the sun - richest source of ellagitannin which the body converts into ellagic acid - used in alternative medicine, particularly to aid women in pregnancy - very susceptible to root rots, so good drainage is essential * Raspberries are very vigorous and can be a little invasive - be locally invasive - can thrive in a variety of soil conditions, but do require full sun - come in four colors, red, yellow, purple and black - the antioxidants alpha and beta-carotene , lutein, zeaxanthin, and choline - continue to mature with many green fruit on early cultivars - do best in any well-drained soil that is high in organic matter - grow and bear fruit similar to blackberries * Raspberries grow best in cool climates - rich, well-drained soil - like weeds even if mishandled - poorly in heavy clay or poorly drained soils - little tolerance for soils high in either calcium or sodium salts - the most dietary fiber of any fruit - two growth stages within their life cycle - unique growth and fruiting characteristics * Raspberries includes cell membranes - plasma membranes - multiply precociously, prodigiously, and prolifically - prefer a well worked moisture retentive, yet well drained, soil rich in humus - reproduce by sending up new canes, or suckering, every year - suppress growth * Some raspberries contain fiber - have mold * Some raspberries produce canes - good seed crops * A 'raspberry' is an aggregate fruit, meaning it has many parts joined together. It is similar to a blackberry, but the fruit is hollow on the inside. There are many different species of raspberry plants, but only a few of them have fruit that are sold in stores. Leaves of the raspberry plant are also used fresh or dried in herbal teas. The raspberry flower can be a source of nectar for honeybees. Raspberries are a popular fruit in some parts of the world	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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