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MixtureVitae-genericsKB

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### person: Youngster * Many youngsters come from one-parent households or families in crisis. * Most youngsters undergo a dramatic color change as they mature. * Some youngsters bang their head during temper tantrums as a way of venting strong emotions - develop more quickly than others - do take creatine and have reported some of the same benefits as reported in adults * Some youngsters have depression or ADHD in addition to conduct disorder - significant problems with self help skills including dressing and eating - live in single parent homes, while others live with aged grandparents - own rowboats, or boats with outboards, and begin fishing while they are young - wear backpacks too low on their backs or sling only one strap across a shoulder * also adopt parents' attitudes - have a greater tendency to develop the disease as well * are interested in knowing about others who share their traits - more likely to remain silent because they fear being scolded or punished - primarily insectivorous, switching into herbivorous habits as adults - young people * can learn where the insects live and what clues they provide about their environment - only grow when they feel safe and secure - watch the worms pupate and turn into moths * count the number of starfish, fish, anchors and other objects that wash up on the shore. * differ in metabolism and nutritional requirements. * do math and write every day, and they spend a lot of time reading. * learn differently than adults - the life cycles of fish, their anatomy and their senses and behaviors - to climb fences before they're able to ride two-wheelers * leave their natal group as soon as they reach sexual maturity. * like to pull on cords, which can pull an appliance off of a shelf and onto the child. * model their behavior from parents' example. * play in the surf while learning to swim. * stay with their parents up to four years. * take a high proportion of lizards and grasshoppers. * tend to be attracted to water and mud - put things in their mouths, increasing the risk of choking * usually shed within a few days of being born.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### person: Youth * All youth experience some degree of risk as they progress from childhood to adult life - risk as they progress from childhood to adulthood * Many youth believe that infected persons reveal outward evidence of their condition. * Many youth have a constellation of risk factors, some of which arise in the home - older siblings who are gang members - parents who both work - youths underreport deviant behavior, such as substance abuse * Most youth begin to drink in adolescence. * Some youth drink more often and more heavily than others. * are concerned with youth unemployment and the lack of meaningful work - different physically and emotionally from both children and adults - fundamental actors for change - half of the world's population - in a transition from childhood to adulthood - legally free to have intercourse after they reach the age of consent - producers of culture as well as consumers of culture * are the builders of nations, the pioneers on whom the progress of all humanity depends - main victims of irresponsible behavior - one sector of the society that is most computer literate - three times more likely than adults to be victims of violence * believe that most adults smoke and that it is therefore a symbol of adulthood. * build self-confidence, gain personal achievement, and learn how to work with others. * can begin to encounter challenges related to low self esteem at an early age - make a significant contribution to fighting hunger and malnutrition around the world * continue to be involved as both perpetrators and victims of violence - develop until they grow into adults * deer, dove and waterfowl hunts cater to the needs of young hunters and their adult chaperones. * have multiple ways of knowing and expression - the highest unemployment rate of any age group in the country * is also highly over-rated as a stage in life - the lifeblood of an industry - always conformist, more so than childhood or middle age - beauty, and beauty is youth * is characterized by great self-absorption - strong passions, immaturity, and opportunity - intrinsic to their identity - on the vanguard of fashion, music, literature and popular culture - one of the issues that the international community is facing nowadays - synonymous with newness, hope, promise, energy and dynamism - time periods - when the hyperplesia and dysplesias show up * learn different cultures, languages, and societies by living in specific countries. * live in conditions of low income both due to family poverty and personal situations. * make intergenerational connections with all ages- adults and children alike. * often start by stealing food or clothing. * primarily run away from home due to life crises that involve abuse and maltreatment. * range in age from early to late adolescence. * refuges are a relatively new form of homeless shelters. * start dipping and chewing at very young ages. * use inhalants while alone or in groups. ### person \| youth: Black youth * are also much more likely to end up in prisons with adult offenders - generally more likely to be victims of violent crime - seven times as likely to be held in a public detention facility as white youths * like to party in their cars and tend to do it late at night. Homeless youth * Many homeless youth have no training or means of support, and rely on prostitution for survival. * Most homeless youth are unemployed. * are usually on the streets because of sexual or physical abuse at home. * have high rates of serious depression. Indian youth * are the golden future of India and the whole world. * is, after all, Indian youth. * offer other reasons for turning to crime, alcohol and drugs. Street youth * are a highly transient and difficult to reach population. * have higher rates of attention deficit disorder and other learning difficulties.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### person \| youth: Urban youth * can contribute to the rejuvenation of inner-city neighborhoods and institutions. * play basketball in school yards, YMCAs and recreation centers.<\|endoftext\|>### personal activity: Influence * Many influences determine how children feel and respond in the classroom. * flow of blood. * is an individuals' affect on others' thoughts and behaviors - outgrowth of an ethic of responsibility and action - causing - consequences - determinant - measure in information - power * is the ability to shape perceptions in people's heads - act of getting compliance without exerting force - actual capability of swaying the course of specific actions - life blood of politics * means knowing how to use the fundamental principles of human behavior. * pass from one organ to another by the nervous system. * personal activity. * study of compliance techniques and how and why people agree to things. + Human swimming: Water sports :: Summer Olympic sports * Influence is concerned about. * Influence can be a bad thing too. For example, World War II influenced many people's lives, making it very difficult for them to live happily even after the war ended. ### personal activity \| influence: Cultural influence * contribute greatly to many factors at the root of most eating disorders. * distort young women's self worth and esteem. Dead hand * are all hands that are no longer eligible to win the pot. * is influence Environmental influence * appear to contribute to cellular mutations that lead to tumor growth. * can foster genes and motivate a person to drink. * have some effect on intelligence. * play a huge role in life cycles. * train women to be more aware of visual cues than men. Genetic influence * Most genetic influences take the form of abilities. * play a major role in the development of glaucoma. Hormonal influence * are important because they encourage cell growth. * can have a big impact on acne development. * play a role in some individuals. Human influence * can definitely promote phytoplankton bloom. * continue to dramatically change the natural areas of our world.<\|endoftext\|>### personal activity \| influence: Hypnotism * also seems to increase the activity of a brain chemical called dopamine. * are influence. * can help people relax and become less anxious. * entails a powerful social mythology. * furnishes a striking example of the process by which experience is suppressed. * intense concentration into a sometimes euphoric state. * is an active, focussed state of mind - one of the leading subjects of conversation today - probably a supernatural power - simply the quieting of the conscious mind - the contracting of the cells of the body and brain from the periphery to the center - trespass into the territory of another's consciousness * provides the background for motivation psychology. * requires trust and imagination. * takes place in Sufi dancing, whirling and head movements. * very natural phenomenon. Imprint * are devices - identification - impressions left by an organism - simply the external molds of very thin organisms, such as leaves and trilobites - stamps - the non-negotiable aspects of our individuality * often become aggressive when they mature as their mating instincts are often still intact. * recovers the cost of paper when paper is used to make photocopies. ### personal activity \| influence \| imprint: Crease * become permanent over time and cause stressed areas. * come from applying pressure to hard folds. * drop out naturally, even with the effects of heat and damp. * is an imprint ### personal activity \| influence \| imprint \| crease: Simian crease * are and dermatoglyphic findings - the dermatoglyphic findings * are the main dermatoglyphic defects * are the principal dermatoglyphic defects * occur are the occasional dermatoglyphic abnormalities.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### personal activity \| influence \| imprint: Sag * control allows guitarists to adjust voltage sag, or power amp distortion. * increases slightly on hot days and decreases slightly on cold days. ### personal activity \| influence \| imprint \| sag: Voltage sag * Most voltage sags are the result of excessive loading or current surges. * can cause damage over a longer time frame than a surge - dim lights and cause other equipment to shut down or restart * have effects on a wide variety of equipment. Parental influence * is critical for substance abuse in children. * plays a key role in the mental health of a child.<\|endoftext\|>### personal activity \| influence: Social influence * appear to be having a major impact on risks among young gay and bisexual men. * are of type a, whereas factors of type b such as diet are non-social in nature. * can promote or discourage adolescent substance use - significantly contribute to the development of various disorders * determine a person's final destiny. * is influence - said to be employed by an agent or practitioner upon a target * normal process of everyday life. * tend to value the bond a child has with mom to be more important than with dad. Personal chattel * Chattel is personal properties. * Chattel refers to personal property as opposed to real property - such as a car, pet or jewelry Personal counseling * includes all areas of personal problems. * process of self-discovery and growth. ### personal decision: Contraceptive choice * is linked to larger reproductive choice issues and to reproductive rights. * personal decision. ### personal issue: Breast size * affects the risk of breast cancer. * has absolutely nothing to do with how much milk breasts can produce - nothing to do with the underlying milk producing structures * increases during pregnancy and while nursing. * is based on a number of factors, including estrogen levels - immaterial to successful feeding - unrelated to breast cancer risk * makes no difference in sexual responsiveness or the ability to nurse a baby. * personal issue. Risk tolerance * has an inverse relationship with age. * increases with age when other variables are controlled. * is measured by the ratio of risky assets to total wealth - partly psychological and partly financial * refers to an investor's comfort with the risks inherent in any investment. * varies from person to person. Personal life * has affects. * is where real success comes from.<\|endoftext\|>Personal property * Personal properties are properties. * includes everything except real estate - money, goods, chattels, things in action and evidences of debt - physical assets such as automobiles, equipment, household items, etc - things such as cars, furniture, jewelry and power tools * is any other kind of property, including money - property other than buildings or land - anything tangible or intangible - business equipment, office machinery, inventory, and furniture and fixtures - embraces both tangible property other than realty and intangible property - governed by principles derived from English common law - movable goods - private property - property other than the building - simply all property other than interests in land or buildings - tangible and intangible * large share of the property tax base in Georgia. * means property of any kind except real property. ### personal property tax: Poll tax * is capitation * personal property tax. Personal training * remains one of the fastest growing segments of the fitness industry. * route taken by entrepreneurs in the exercise science field.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### personality: Addictive personality * is difficult to treat. * People who have a personality with many traits that make them prone to addiction are said to have an 'addictive personality'. An addiction physical or psychological dependency that influences the life of that person negatively. This is called codependency. People with an addictive personality tend to plan their lives around the addiction. Addictive personality is difficult to treat. Authoritarian personality * Authoritarian personalities emphasize control, rules, and discipline. * symbolizes one's affiliation with a more dominant group. Human personality * can only change as one matures in the Word of God. * is complex and can therefore be viewed from several different perspectives - what makes a person distinctive, unique, and exceptional * synthesis of all cosmic processes. Personal identity * Personal identities are categories unique to an individual, such a name, birth date, birth place. * is personality * is shaped by an individual s culture, by groups, and by institutional influences - one's culture, by groups, and by institutional influences - the pain which is never in the past but always in the present - used to refer to the way people view themselves<\|endoftext\|>### personality: Personality change * Personality Changes -Apathy and decreased motivation. * are another symptom of neurosyphilis - common such as paranoia, indifference, hostility and aggressiveness * can indicate hysteria, or schizophrenia, or other psychological malfunctions - occur, including irritability, insomnia, psychosis, and depression * happens in all professions, and sometimes in very negative ways. * is dependent on changing construct systems. * occur and paranoid delusions are often present - between headaches Personalty * is the property owned by individual persons. * means personal property.<\|endoftext\|>### personification: Incarnation * appear during eras of human distress. * are religious doctrines - time * celebration of the infant's death and resurrection. * is personification * is the process of a soul entering a fetus at some point before birth - way in which spirit becomes evident through the senses to imagination * literally means becoming flesh. * normal process, part of the regular human life cycle. * relationship of the subject to experience. * way of seeing what is really real.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Pesticide * All pesticides are hazardous if misused, no matter what their toxicity - lethal poisons - poisonous and can have serious effects on people, pets and wildlife - poisonous, and sprays give only temporary relief - systemic - to be stored under lock and key at all times * All pesticides are toxic by definition - to some degree - can be toxic, but some are far more toxic than others * All pesticides have a half life, meaning that the pesticide has to break down at a fixed rate - an active ingredient * Apply soapy water to leaves, rinse. * Can be Ineffective. * Many pesticides act in exactly the same way as rotenone - aim to disrupt enzyme processes or denature proteins - also cause skin and other health problems * Many pesticides are 'contact' pesticides - available on the market for treatment of fleas on pets and the premises - contact pesticides - effective against thrips - extremely toxic to honey bees and other beneficial insects * Many pesticides are harmful to aquatic organisms, and some are dangerous to humans as well - the environment and are suspected or known to be toxic to humans * Many pesticides are highly toxic to honey bees and other beneficial insects - the applicator, family pets or wildlife around the garden area - more toxic to the beneficial insects than to the pests they are used against - petroleum based products and their costs increase with oil prices - registered poisons - relatively soluble in water, whereas others attach strongly to soil particles - so toxic that exposure to even a small amount can kill and adult - toxic and are associated with a variety of health problems - very expensive - break down in sunlight - can also be toxic to people - carry caution statements about applications during hot weather - cause environmental and human health problems - contain synthetic estrogens known as xenoestrogens * Many pesticides have safe, chemically-free organic alternatives - storage directions on the label - kill indiscriminately so doom butterflies or their larvae - last a long time - pose an enormous risk to human health and the environment - remain in soil or water long after they are used or needed - sold for agricultural use can cause severe illness, even death, if misused * Most pesticide affects development - growth * Most pesticide causes alteration - brain damage - contains acid * Most pesticide has consequences - direct effects - disrupt effects - harmful consequences - hormone effects - minimal impact - secondary effects - includes insecticide * Most pesticide increases pest resistance * Most pesticide interferes with growth - reproduction * Most pesticide kills ants - arthropods - bugs - certain insects - wasps * Most pesticides are artificial compounds which have a delayed reaction - dangerous poisons for people too - harmful either to adult butterflies, caterpillars, eggs, or pupae - intentionally toxic to the target organisms - man-made chemicals - only slightly toxic - poisons, but are targeted at specific problems - repellent to the insects - soluble in oil, a good reason to choose organic coffee - water insoluble and turn milky-white when water is added - can cause severe illness, or even death, if misused * Most pesticides contain chemicals that can be harmful to people, animals, or the environment - significantly more inert than active ingredients - fall into certain categories * Most pesticides have a limited shelf life - ingredients that affect the nervous system of insects * Most pesticides kill non-target organisms as well as the target, or pest species - pests directly on contact - recommend triple rinsing - transform to simple, non-toxic products such as carbon dioxide and water * Most pesticides used today are acutely toxic to humans - synthetic organic chemicals * Never store or use pesticides in the same room where lobsters are held. * Only use pesticides when they are necessary. * Require careful disposal. * Some pesticide affects environmental health - contains mercury - enters ponds * Some pesticide improves health - increases germination * Some pesticide kills adult fleas - hawks - rodents - termites - voles - threatens eagles * Some pesticides accumulate in the fat of animals and humans - act faster than others, and some pesticides are easier to use than others * Some pesticides also contain substances made from chlorine - pose unique health risks to children * Some pesticides are also toxic to humans - cheaper in Canada, while others are cheaper in the United States - in a gas form known as fumigants - known to be deadly to hares and other wildlife * Some pesticides are lethal to salmon, and large fish kills have occurred in the Pacific northwest - more selective than others - much safer than others - non-hazardous or less hazardous than others - non-lethal to the target pest - only effective against certain pests or certain life stages of particular pests * Some pesticides are relatively persistent once they reach water - short-lived in water - slightly toxic to non- target soil organisms - toxic in small quantities to humans and animals - vapor active - very poisonous - become even more toxic as they break down - belong to a group of chemicals called organophosphates * Some pesticides can also enter surface or groundwater either from leaching or runoff - be toxic to pets if ingested, so take special care * Some pesticides can cause cancer and birth defects in people - cancer, central nervous system damage, or respiratory illness - nervous system damage, and are classed as neurotoxins - substantial, but temporary eye injury - water pollutionand even kill friendly insects like ladybugs - corrode or obstruct electronic systems or metal - soak through skin quite easily - cause neurotoxicity that is unrelated to cholinesterase inhibition - collect in animal fat - commonly used on turf areas are quite toxic to fish - contain ingredients listed as probable carcinogens - evaporate more readily than others, so they can be more easily inhaled * Some pesticides have common names that are easier to identify than chemical names - little effect on bees - low human toxicity while others are extremely toxic * Some pesticides kill or harm birds and butterfly larvae directly - the snail host which carries the parasite - leach into ground water and have carcinogenic effects on humans - persist in the aquatic environment for long periods of time - pose an additional threat because they are long lasting in an indoor environment - readily move through soils that are well-draine , sandy, or low in organic matter - reduce the biological activity in the upper layer of soil * Some pesticides remain active for years after application - in the food chain and their effects become magnified * Some pesticides require dry conditions, others do fine even if it rains afterwards - specific respirators - use of protective clothing, such as long sleeves and long pants, or gloves - used for cockroach control and some wood preservatives also contain borates * accumulate in the food chain, therefore affecting even more non-target organisms. * affect other parts of the ecosystem as well. * allow farmers to maintain crop yield and quality. * also can be a problem - come in dusts, granular, and wettable powders as well as liquids * also contaminate food - our rivers and threaten fish and wildlife - get into water that is used to wash bananas in the packing plants - help protect consumers from organisms that can cause foodborne illness * also kill beneficial insects that pollinate flowers and prey upon harmful insects - many beneficial animals - move by run-off and erosion - pollute water supplies and contaminate milk and meat - pose a threat to the species - result in birth defects and developmental problems in children - travel around the world, accumulating in the poles and other regions - wash off lawn and gardens, ending up in our oceans, and possibly our water supply * appear to offer a simple solution to a vexing problem. * are a big business with a lot of money at stake - household waste that is highly toxic - leading contaminant of water * are a major source of pollution, posing a risk to wildlife and clean water supplies - threat to bees - pervasive part of our environment virtually impossible to avoid - severe health hazard causing both mental and physical retardation in children - slightly different matter - somewhat necessary part of most cranberry and blueberry cultivation operations - suspected carcinogen - threat to health due to their inherent toxicity - widespread threat to basketry plants - agents used to kill pests * are also a problem - suspected hog killer - acutely toxic to the crab larvae - something to be aware of - susceptible to photolysis on soil and foliar surfaces * are an essential component in the production of a plentiful and safe food supply - important tool of conservation-minded farmers - integral component of agricultural systems throughout the world * are an integral part of American agriculture - modern agriculture in most developing countries - another source of pollution * are available for applications to infested yard trees, shurbs, or nursery stock - treating standing water for mosquitoes * are bad for humans - the environment and bad for human health * are by definition poisonous to some type of organism - poisons a - their very nature poisons for at least some kinds of life, often including people * are chemical agents which control pests - compounds used to control undesirable plants and animals - products used to kill insects, termites, rodents and fungi * are chemicals designed to control or eliminate insects, rodents, weeds, and bacteria - kill rodents, insects, plants, and micro-organisms * are chemicals that control pests by interrupting some phase of their life cycle - protect crops and livestock from rodents, insects, disease, or weeds * are chemicals used for killing undesirable plants and animals - in agriculture to protect crops from insects and other pests * are dangerous and can trigger allergies or asthma - because they are designed to kill are damage living organisms - when they are misused or mishandled - effective only against gypsy moth caterpillars no other life stage - especially dangerous when improperly handled, applied, or disposed - essential for the production of healthy crops, but are used only when necessary * are essential to control pests in many situations - sustain production - even more expensive and difficult to apply - everywhere - expensive and cumbersome and difficult as far as regulations are concerned * are generally extremely poisonous and can be expensive - popular with small-scale farmers in rural areas because of their efficacy - small organic molecules that exist in the form of a free base - harmful in the tropics because of the lack of a cold winter season * are harmful to butterflies and their larvae - mantids - many non-target organisms, including humans and other beneficial species - hazardous to targeted pests * are important public health tools in destroying health threats - tools of conventional pest management systems - in our food, water, and air - ineffective against the pest fly's immature stages - inherently toxic - just one of many tools available in combatting the harmful effects of pests - made up of active and inert ingredients - materials used to manage pests such as insects, rodents, weeds, molds and germs - most effective on young nymphs and least effective on adults - mostly modern chemicals - never safe and often have far reaching and unintended effects * are no different than medicine or drugs - longer cheap * are one example - group of substances whose toxicity is their prime purpose * are only a short-term solution to nuisance mosquito problems - one kind of treatment - pervasive in both our surface water and groundwater, new studies show - poisonous to people and animals * are poisons designed to kill living organisms and can also be harmful to humans - things - ward off pests - that kill rodents and insects, but they can also poison humans - that, obviously, kill more than what they are labeled for - which can cause serious illness or even death * are poisons, and by their very nature require judicious and skillful use - killing many other species in addition to the targeted pest - so in themselves they are dangerous - used to kill pests of in agricultural crops * are potentially dangerous to mammals - powerful medicines for pest problems - probably the most effective tools for controlling blackbird depredations in feedlots - products designed to kill unwanted pests or weeds - responsible for a significant portion of people disabled by chemical poisoning - safe and have a proven track record for protecting the public from dangerous pests - some of the most dangerous chemicals on Earth - sometimes necessary to protect a basic food supply and to protect human health - sprayed on agricultural fields and wood lots - still a domestic concern * are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest - or organisms that prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate a pest - used to eliminate unwanted pests - tax free for farmers in Ontario * are the best way to control pests - insecticides, herbicides and other chemicals used to kill such nuisances - to be applied only by certified personnel * are toxic chemicals that can severely harm humans, animals, aquatic organisms and plants - used to destroy different kinds of lawn pests - substances deliberately added to our environment to kill living things * are toxic to both humans and the environment - just about any living organism - many forms of life in addition to the species to be controlled - pet birds - toxic, potentially dangerous substances - ubiquitous in the environment - unique among the hazardous chemicals * are unnecessary because of the birds that thrive in the shade giving overstory - that thrive in the shade-giving overstory * are used in our schools, parks, and public lands - on our lawns and gardens, and inhaled into our lungs via cigarette smoke * are used to control organisms that are considered to be harmful - kill pests , but many are bad for human health * are useful in controlling household pests, but they can also be very dangerous - tools, but wrong or careless use can cause undesirable effects - usually organic chemicals, but some are inorganic compounds - very expensive to purchase and to apply - yet another great danger to the birds of prey * are, by definition, poisonous to the pests at which they are directed - nature, toxic to some living organisms * attack the central nervous system and other vital body centers. * become problems when they move off target. * bioassays with arthropods. * blow in from thousands of miles away. * boost crop yields, making it possible to grow more food on less acreage. * break down faster in warm, moist soil than in cooler or drier soil. * broad term that includes herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and rodenticides. * can accidently enter the body through the mouth, nose, eyes and skin - accumulate in their tissues and cause ulcers, reproductive failure, and even death * can also affect vision and memory - alter the availability of food, and herbicides can reduce necessary cover - be present in meats and dairy products - contaminate indoor environments when tracked or blown inside - have lethal effects years after their use - leach through the soil profile into the groundwater - persist outdoors in soil for weeks or years - pose risks to people, property, and the environment - soak into the ground and move into streams where ground water discharges - threaten the health of agricultural workers and breed pesticide resistance * can be a tool to protect the environment when used carefully, wisely, and judiciously - beneficial tools - dangerous if used improperly or carelessly - dangerous, but they also can be used safely - incredibly beneficial and have most certainly increased food production - remarkably persistent in biological systems - surprisingly persistent, both indoors and out * can be toxic to humans and lower animals - man, animals, and plants if improperly used - pets, non-target species, and other wildlife - very effective * can cause acute or chronic health effects - adverse health problems including nervous disorders - cancer, reduce fertility, and damage wildlife - contact-associated skin irritation or allergies - great damage if grossly mishandled - many types of cancer in humans - serious illness even among nonoccupationally exposed persons - sterility and cancer * can contaminate surface and groundwater supplies - well, pond and surface water - destroy species diversity and create mono cultures - deteriorate, leaving termites entry through weak spots * can drift and settle in local bodies of water - directly into streams or drainage ditches, polluting our waterways - from as far away as a half-mile or more * can enter plants, insects, and other living organisms - the body through inhalation or accidental ingestion * can enter the body through the mouth, the respiratory system and the skin - skin, the mouth, the eyes or the nose - water supplies from point sources or from nonpoint sources * can harm humans in different ways - school aged children * can have an estrogenic effect - both lethal and sub-lethal effects on organisms they come into contact with - negative impacts on fish growth, development, behavior and reproduction - potential health concerns for humans, animals and the overall environment * can help control many lawn pests - slow the spread of the moth as can natural enemies, including a European fungus - to attain sustainable development of the blueberry industry - hurt the environment or poison people in many ways * can impair salmon s ability to transition from freshwater to seawater - salmon's ability to transition from freshwater to sea water - influence soil microbial activity, at times paradoxically - injure plants - injure, and perhaps kill, more than just pests - interfere with the operation of the wastewater treatment plant or septic system * can irritate the skin, eyes, and lungs - nose, or mouth * can leak through stitching holes and gaps in seams of protective garments - leech into ground water used for human consumption * can make people sick if they eat something with the chemicals on it - their way to lakes, rivers, and streams in two basic ways - water unfit to drink and cause adverse ecological effects in streams - minimize damage, but only when applied properly - move from their initial distribution by a number of processes - penetrate the leather - permeate glove materials and leave no noticeable signs - poison the water - pollute air, ground, and water * can pose risks to people, property, and the environment - significant health risks - provide benefits, but if used improperly they can harm people, pets, and plants - reduce salmon's ability to transition from freshwater to seawater - remain active for a month to a year - spread through the environment from use and disposal - suppress the immune system - wash off farmland in surface runoff and enter surface waters * cause a number of fish kills in ponds throughout Alabama each year - all kinds of health problems including cancer - cancer, birth defects and numerous health problems * collect in fatty tissue and the breast can become a reservoir. * come in many forms but sprays, dusts, and baits are most commonly used in the home - variety of chem * commonly occur in mixtures. * comprise a larger portion of peanut variable production costs than any other item. * compromise the health of the community as well as the consumer's. * concentrate in milk of both farm animals and humans. * consist of liquid mixtures, dust and solid baits. * contain some of the most toxic chemicals developed by man - synthetic chemicals ever developed * contaminated by volatile herbicides can cause unintentional damage to lawns and plants. * continue to produce unpleasant surprises around the world. * contribute to breast cancer risk independent of fat intake. * cost money and farmers want to use as little as possible * decrease microbial populations - the nutrition available in our produce * definitely enter at many levels. * degrade during transport from the farm field to the water body. * destroy organisms needed to build a healthy soil - the insects that harm crops * drastically reduce the numbers of mantids in a given area. * encompass fungicides and insecticides - several different chemical categories * endanger the lives of farmworker families. * enhance the qulaity of life and the environment. * enter surface water in runoff and by atmospheric deposition - waters in runoff from fields and through the ground-water system * enter the body most frequently through the skin - drains either dissolved or carried by soil particles * exposures in children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. * fall on the plants, but also on workers, the ground and irrigation canals and streams - onto pavement during application where they can be washed into the sewer system * feed some organisms and harm others. * follow any number of pathways. * general term for substances that kill or control pests. * generally are man-made organic compounds. - information * have a number of inherent problems - role in public health as part of sustainable integrated mosquito management - pest controlled, product, and amount per acre - special names depending on the kind of pests they are designed to kill - the potential to cause health problems for people - to be effective against the pest, but have no effect on the crop - various levels of toxicity * help limit the damage that can be caused by insects, weeds and plant diseases - to produce high yields on Canadian farms * impacts on farmworkers, for example, and ecological impacts on food-webs and biodiversity. * improve food quality, safety and availability - the quality of our food while reducing the risk of having food shortages * increase crop yields, enabling farmers to produce more. * initiate and propagate multiple chemical sensitivities. * is consumable products - located in water - placed in the donor chamber, exposing the epidermal side of the skin - used to control pest numbers and limit the damage they cause - very bad for animals , especially amphibians * kill all life in the soil - birds as well as grasshoppers - both good and bad bugs, and can harm birds and fish too - butterflies, caterpillars, and other useful insects - insects and disease pathogens - insects, weeds, fungi, rodents and other unwanted organisms - more than the target pest - off the susceptible majority and leave only the resistant few - problem pests as well as many beneficial insects - the weed but also destroy trees and other vegetation - worms and beneficial insects - beetles - feed insects - pests but can cause damage and even kill other species * leaching partially depends on the chemical and physical properties of the pesticide. * lose potency over time. * make food safer by preventing the growth of toxin-generating molds. * means any substance used to kill rats, mites, insects, fungi and bacteria. * move between organic matter and water in soil - from soil into the atmosphere by volatilization and wind erosion * occur in older, shallow wells constructed in karst aquifers. * often have greater effects on children because of their lower body weight - to be imported - leave the most resistant pests behind as the more vulnerable ones disappear * only kill pests. * penetrate broken skin more readily than intact skin. * persist in the environment, imparting the useful quality of long term pest control. * play an important role in agriculture - controlling cockroaches - the control of human and animal diseases, and crop pests * pose a significant risk to people, pets and the environment - an environmental hazard when used incorrectly - particular problems for human health and the environment - risks to human health and the environment, with special risks to children - serious dangers to both hummingbirds and butterflies - significant health risks to the people who harvest our food - yet another threat to the monarch population * present a wide range of hazards but are quite safe if used correctly. * prevent bumble bees from collecting enough food to produce new queens - diseases, control pests and prevent catastrophic losses * protect the high yields achieved by modern seeds, nitrogen fertilizers, and irrigation. * provide many benefits, but they can harm people, pets, and plants. * refer to all substances used to destroy unwanted vegetation, insects or other animals. * remain effective in many areas where selection has been less severe - or persist in soil for a limited time * require daylight for breakdown - extensive acute and chronic tests to assure that they are safe - special care and handling * residues on fruit are at unacceptable and hazardous levels * run off lawns and can contaminate rivers and lakes. * scare many people. * serve important roles in our society to protect crops and public health. * spills near wells can move directly and quickly into ground water - and quickly nto ground water * stay on the gloves and can contaminate other fabrics or clothes. * take a heavy toll on fish populations and other aquatic species - toll on glass lizards because of their insectivorous diet * tend to enter the environment in seasonal pulses. * then build up in the tissues of the bat, and they sicken and die. * threaten California's red legged frogs - farm workers and consumers * travel in soil. * typically attach to organic matter, reducing the chances of leaching. * undergo careful testing under controlled laboratory conditions. * undergoes reaction. * use Store and reuse rinse water or absorbent - adversely affects fisheries and waterfowl - eventually causes crop loss for a variety of reasons - in agricultural and urban environments is widespread in the Pacific Northwest - maps show regional scale patterns in use intensity within the United States - results in resistance so they have a limited period of usefulness * used for plum curculio also usually result in control of cranberry fruitworm - improperly can be injurious to man, animals, and plants - in agriculture and by the health services also causes the death of sea life * uses in crops - field crops * usually break down into harmless components after they are released into an environment - form many break down products - have an expiry date of two years after manufacture * vary greatly in their affinity for soil particles and their solubility in water - toxicity to the target organism, the user, and the environment * vary in their effect on bees - toxicity to honey bees - significantly in efficacy, leachability, and toxicity * wash off from pesticides in their fat - out into nearby streams and rivers, contaminating the water * work by blocking the action of cholinesterases at the neuromuscular junctions - interfering with the life processes of plants and insects - in two ways to reduce bee populations * works, but is unpopular anywhere near people. + Pesticide, Effects of Pesticides: Poisons * Pesticides are used to kill pests, but many are bad for human health. They may pollute water, and go into rivers, lakes, and ponds. This will cause acid rain, and organisms living in the water can get sick and die, because the water where they live has more acid.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### pesticide: Acaricide * are chemicals that kill ticks while insecticides are chemicals that kill insects. * is pesticide Agricultural pesticide * Many agricultural pesticides are present at very low concentrations. * are the greatest source of outdoor airborne pesticides. * cause only a small percentage of fish kills. Artificial pesticide * All artificial pesticides are organic. * are also scarce. Biological pesticide * are less toxic to plants and humans than their synthetic counterparts. * can be a safe and less expensive way to control pests.<\|endoftext\|>### pesticide: Chemical pesticide * Many chemical pesticides kill the good bugs and bacteria that naturally reside in fertile soil. * Some chemical pesticide affects environmental health * are contact poisons in addition to being stomach poisons - effective only during a specific time in the leaf miner's life cycle - totally taboo for use in true butterfly gardens - toxic substances that are designed to kill insects, plants and fungi * can kill other organisms besides the ones for which they are intended - organismsbesides the ones for which they are intended - pose hazards to humans, pets and the environment * contains toxins. * have no place in organic gardening. * provide another well proven method of disease control. * represent only a single control strategy and are used only as a last resort. Fewer pesticide * lead to better food and a friendlier climate. * mean less risk of exposure. * reduce pollution and degradation of our environment.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### pesticide: Insecticide * All insecticides are capable of causing injury or death to humans and other animals - injury or death to man and animals - poisonous - potentially poisonous to humans and wildlife - toxic to bees - have damaging environmental consequences * Apply chemicals at roach hiding places. * Consider non-toxic alternatives. * Controlling the maggot in canola is difficult at best. * Many insecticides are available on the market today which address cockroach infestation concerns - effective at low doses when properly timed at the crawler stage - extremely dangerous - labeled for use against adult Japanese beetles - lethal to the alfalfa leafcutting bee - toxic to fish, so it is imperative that open water be avoided - have the same effect - work by disrupting ACh synapses * Most insecticide contains chemicals. * Most insecticide has effects - negative effects - same effects - water quality - includes compounds * Most insecticides affect one of five biological systems in insects - the nervous system * Most insecticides are effective only against the crawlers - especially injurious - incompatible with lime - contain nerve poisons - currently registered on small grains are from one of two closely related families - give better control on the younger insect stages - kill by either contact with the insect or as a stomach poison - used for the protection of crops target the insect nervous system * Some insecticide enters root zones - includes petroleum - kills weevil adults * Some insecticides are available as premixed products or aerosol cans - exceptionally useful for a variety of reasons * Some insecticides are more effective on young caterpillars - expensive than others - quite toxic to humans and pets - safe to use in conjunction with predatory mites in the crop * Some insecticides can be dangerous to humans because they can A. accumulate in predator species - mixed and applied with whitewash - drastically reduce the numbers of mantids in the garden * Some insecticides kill both by touch and by ingestion - only a few kinds of insects - offer residual effects, and are useful in breeding and feeding areas - perform better on some surfaces than others * also kill garden-friendly bugs - the aphids natural enemies often making the problem more severe - play an important role in overall crop protection * are a third garden hazard if they contain pyrethrin. * are also available for control of the vegetable weevil - part of a flea management program * are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs - for controlling heavy infestations - in many forms for various applications * are available to control crawlers and recently settled nymphs - the cabbage looper when it becomes abundant - available, but timing of application for different species is critical * are capable of completely destroying all the immune defenses of man - quickly suppressing high pest numbers, in many cases - chemical compounds that A. slow growth of plants that pests eat - currently the main method of beetle control on commercial farms * are effective against grubs only during the active feeding stage - larvae in container-grown plants * are effective if applied during the early stages of bagworm development - they contain resmethrin - in the landscape setting - where damage warrants use * are generally ineffective against mature larvae - more hazardous to humans than are herbicides - much less effective on large nymphs or adults - harmful to the environment, ecosystems, and even humans - ineffective because the beetle bores deep into the tree - less widely used in Canada than herbicides - lethal to birds - more effective when temperatures are warmer * are more likely to be used in a forest of all even-aged trees of the same species - cause poisoning as concentrates than after dilution - toxic than herbicides, and are predominantly used in developing countries * are most effective during egg laying and early gall growth - helpful if they delay virus transmission until after flowering - much more effective against early instar larvae - of no use against larvae under the bark - often relatively inexpensive and easy to use - only marginally effective - potentially harmful to the magpie robin for several reasons - prepared and applied under field conditions when possible - supplementary to sanitation and proper storage * are the safest, quickest and most effective materials for killing bees in buildings - second choice for controlling aphids * are used in agriculture , medicine , industry and by consumers - to protect the seed from soil-borne insects and storage insects - useful tools when used with stack rotation and thorough cleaning - useful, but they are dangerous if used incorrectly - usually ineffective since the insects spend little time on the animals * can also kill butterflies and beneficial insects such as ladybugs and bees. * can be dangerous to humans, even when used according to direction - deadly to birds, and have no place on or near bird feeding areas - effective to treat infestations - helpful in eliminating conenose bugs - become a problem after plant bug treatment kills beneficial insects - cause severe illness and death if used improperly * can control insects - pepper insect pests when used as partners in crop management * can kill bees necessary for pollination and good fruit set - bees, which are necessary for pollination and good fruit set - both target pests and non-pest beneficial insects - protect animals from illnesses that can be caused by parasites such as fleas - supplement other controls for some flies * cause burning or stunting. * come in both granular and liquid form - two forms * containing carbaryl are often effective against vine borers. * containing pyrethrins are neurotoxic to nearly all insects - can effectively control the gypsy moth * controls grasshoppers - mosquitoes - termites * cover the vulnerable part of the tree with poison. * currently registered on cattle only afford moderate control of horse flies at best. * function to disrupt proper nerve transmission. * has consequences * have little or no effect in controlling millers - place in controlling millers * have no application in stored marijuana - effect on the wasp that causes mossy rose gall - restrictions as to which plants and sites where they can legally be applied - two impacts * help, and the best control seems to come from combinations of several insecticides. * interferes with germination - seed germination * is toxic substances. * kill good bugs as well as pests. * kill insects, fungicides kill fungi and herbicides kill weeds - while herbicides kill weeds and fungicides suppress or kill fungi - or control insects, while herbicides destroy or control weeds * kill the good bugs and the bad bugs * kills adult fleas - arthropods - cockroaches - feed aphids - invertebrate prey - kudzu bugs - spiders - wasps * leads to reductions. * leaves persistent residues * listed here are common names of active ingredients available for carpenter ant control. * loses effectiveness. * mean less pests and ultimately less birds. * often cause increased biting activity by the fleas in their last moments of life - kill beneficial insects * penetrate every cell of our food. * poses danger - little danger * provide more effective control when larvae are small. * reduce insect foods, and herbicides decrease plant cover. * reduces damage. * registered for bed bug control include mala- thion, methoxychlor and pyrethrins. * residues on vegetable crops. * specifically target insects, and fungicides target diseases caused by fungi. * treat insect problems. * ultimately enters the food cycle through fish, vegetables and other crops. * used for aphid control are generally effective against leafhoppers. * uses in agriculture. * vary in the numbers of different kinds of insects they kill. * work in various ways, depending on what type they are - quickly to provide short-term control of adult stable flies * work, but only in the short term.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### pesticide \| insecticide: Commercial insecticide * Most commercial insecticide has water quality. * has quality Contact insecticide * affect the worker bee that is directly sprayed. * are toxic to insects upon direct contact. * come in all forms, including mound drenches, dusts, granules and aerosols. Microbial insecticide * are another kind of biopesticide - compatible with integrated pest management practices - less expensive to register than chemical insecticides - more expensive to produce than chemical insecticides - safe and effective products for insect control * tend to affect more specific types of insects than chemical pesticides. Natural insecticide * Most natural insecticides are less toxic than synthetic chemical controls - than synthetic chemicals * made from certain plants are the heavy weights of organic pest control. Organophosphate insecticide * are generally useful in killing face flies and related small flies - harmful to nerve cells - the insecticides most often involved in serious human poisoning * used during delayed dormancy are very toxic to honey bees. Several insecticide * are available for effective insect control in alfalfa - spraying greenbugs - white grub control - to protect trees from attack * are effective for grasshopper control - on light to moderate populations of aphids * are labeled for controlling asparagus beetles - use against Japanese beetles * have activity that kill adults.<\|endoftext\|>### pesticide \| insecticide: Systemic insecticide * Most systemic insecticide contains chemicals. * are more effective - most effective for killing leaf-feeding aphids - particularly effective when aphids have curled the leaves - reported to be more effective than non-systemic ones * are sometimes effective if used quickly - soon enough * are usually effective as are malathion and diazinon * become incorporated and distributed systemically throughout the whole plant. * can contaminate nectar or pollen - provide good control * control thrips and aphids. * kills aphids - feed aphids * poison the entire plant including the fruit. * protect plants and animals from subsequent attack by insect pests. * work through the roots of the plant. Lindane * exists in two stable configurations in three dimensions, the so-called chair formations. * is by far the best product to use to control wood boring beetles Liquid pesticide * Some liquid pesticides are acceptable for use in OR suites - come in glass containers * are also more effectively absorbed by weeds when applied post-emergent. Microbial pesticide * Most microbial pesticides are more selective than biochemical pesticides. * contain a microorganism as the active ingredient. * utilize insect pathogens as a means of reducing insect populations. Misuse of pesticides * can lead to the development of chemical resistance in the target pest - result in illness and death * has a number of adverse effects. Natural pesticide * Most natural pesticide kills certain insects. * Some natural pesticides are much more toxic than the synthetic pesticides currently in use. - feed insects * provide a safe option, but have limited effectiveness.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### pesticide: Organophosphate * Most organophosphates are insecticides. * Some organophosphates act directly while others require activation by enzymes within the body. * affect the nervous system. * are a class of pesticides commonly used on food crops, and in homes and gardens - common ingredient of insecticides used in homes, industry, and agriculture - group of closely related pesticides that affect the nervous system * are also bio-cumulative - used in opthomology - echothiopate is used to treat glaucoma - another large class of contact insecticides - broad-spectrum pesticides related to nerve gas - cholinesterase inhibitors and have the potential for being very toxic * are most potent when they are first applied and lose some toxicity as they dry - neurological poisons and work the same on humans as they do on insects - powerful poisons which attack the central nervous system - responsible for most acute pesticide related poisonings amongst humans - short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied - synthetic compounds containing phosphorous - the main cause of pesticide poisoning and pesticide-related deaths in Iran - toxic for a longer period of time * are very toxic pesticides that are used on a wide variety of crops - to cats * can affect the nervous system in humans and wildlife - disrupt proper neurological function, causing dizziness, nausea, and confusion * have a greater degree of toxicty and especially pose a threat to cats. * irreversibly bind to, and inhibit, an important enzyme called acetylcholinesterase. * is pesticide * kill pests by poisoning the brain and nervous system. * usually have short residual life spans. * work by interfering with an enzyme that controls acetylcholine - poisoning the insect s nervous system ### pesticide \| organophosphate: Organophosphate toxicity * can be fatal. * causes a cholinergic syndrome. Persistent pesticide * Most persistent pesticides have very limited usage or have been removed from the market. * Some persistent pesticides can build up in the bodies of animals, including man. * stay in the environment for long periods of time before disappearing.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### pesticide: Rotenone * acts more slowly and works as both a contact and stomach poison - on the respiratory tissues, including nerves and muscles - slowly and is quickly degraded upon exposure to sunlight * are chemical compounds * broad spectrum poison mainly used to control leaf-eating caterpillars and beetles. * broad-spectrum insecticide that is derived from the roots of a tropical plant. * can kill fish. * chemical pesticide used to control fish populations and as a sampling aid - used to renovate fish populations * comes from the root of the derris plant - roots of legume plants that grow in South America and the East Indies * common ingredient in fish toxicants - insecticide that is perceived in many quarters as relatively innocuous - pesticide used to kill fish * degrades rapidly when exposed to air and sunlight. * disrupts cellular respiration and death is relatively slow compared to most nerve toxins. * general use pesticide. * highly active but short-lived photosensitizer. * is also very toxic to pigs - widely used in liquid form by fishery managers to destroy pest species * is an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation - insect stomach and contact poison - organic product made from extracts of tropical plants - unstable compound that breaks down when exposed to the environment - available in some gardening stores as a natural insecticide - derived from the roots of certain tropical plants - effective against a wide range of insects and has a short residual life * is extracted from the roots of derris plants in Asia and cube plants in South America - with acetone or ether and the concentrate is used to make products - extremely poisonous to fish - fairly unstable, with a half life of under a week - highly toxic to fish - moderately toxic to most mammals, but is extremely toxic to fish - more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion - only very slightly mobile in soil - produced from the roots of two tropical members of the bean plant family - reported to be a mild skin irritant - restricted in some states and is toxic to birds, fish, and honeybees - safe for all livestock except swine, which are sensitive to the compound * is the most effective and readily available of the non-synthetic insecticides - used in the agricultural arena as an insecticide - very toxic to fish * kills by preventing gill-breathing fish, amphibians, and invertebrates from using oxygen - fish by inhibiting their ability to utilize oxygen for metabolism * lasts a week or less after application because it is rapidly degraded by sunlight. * mixture of natural compounds found in the roots, seeds and leaves of various plants. * natural substance derived from several tropical and sub-tropical plants. * naturally occurring substance found in the roots and stems of several tropical plants - produced, biodegradable product obtained from the tropical cube root * naturally-derived chemical that is considered an 'organic' pesticide. * plant-derived pesticide used by organic gardeners. * poison commonly added to insecticides. * registered aquatic chemical that is used to kill fish. * restricted-use pesticide. * selective, non-specific botanical insecticide with some acaricidal properties. * stops insect feeding and is broad spectrum in action. * type of rat poison which blocks the first step of the electron transport chain. * works by inhibiting a biochemical process in fish cells. Several pesticide * are available for grub control. * break down rapidly in alkaline water. * provide excellent protection against parasites. Synthetic pesticide * are more of a threat to man than the insects - poisonous compounds designed to kill insects, weeds and fungal pests * have in some way a harmful affect on our earth's fragile ecosystem. Systemic pesticide * Most systemic pesticide has effects. * are required once leaf curling has occurred. * work differently.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### pesticide: Traditional pesticide * Most traditional pesticides are dangerous for kids and pets, and often harmful to the environment. * are harmful to the environment and to peoples health. * have limited use because of their toxicity and ecological damage. ### phantom idea: Institutional racism * is addressed, particularly as it pertains to racial profiling - racism without a perpetrator - the subordination of any one cultural community relative to another * phantom idea. * runs across every border, as well as differences in religion.<\|endoftext\|>Phase * Most phases have distinct physical properties - mechanical properties * Most phases undergo binary fission - sequential fission * Some phases dissolve in liquids - have conductivity * Some phases have low conductivity - thermal conductivity * Some phases occur in larval life * affect growth. * are a way to group behaviors and relate variant objects with the same identity - appearances - different from states of matter - part of cycles - physically separate regions of homogeneous chemistry - points - time periods * begin with development. * consist of development - follow steps * depend on availability - conditions - economic conditions - growth conditions * follow events. * have advantage - functions * include effort - excitement * influence behavior. * involve gather requirements - key steps - production - water * limit extent. * occur during periods. * occur in environments - natural environments * persist for time. * refer to the different shapes the moon appears from the earth. * refers to the instantaneous relationship between voltage and current - relative point in the on-off duty cycle * require participation. * shift keying' way of transmitting information - the phase of the sine wave is changed * take places. + Phase-shift keying: Radio * Phase shift keying' is a way of transmitting information. This is done by modulating the phase of a carrier wave. In many cases, this allows to better use the bandwidth available. ### phase space: Dynamical system * Some dynamical systems are well represented as collections of partial differential equations. * are chaotic, unpredictable - pervasive in the modelling of naturally occurring phenomena - systems whose state changes over time as in the case of erosion and growth * branch of mathematics which studies processes which change. * is phase space * occur in every branch of science. Color phase * Some color phases have but two small black spots at the tip of the wing covers. * differ according to age. * do occur with red fox, even in the same litters. Different phase * are a normal part of life. + Liquid crystal: Physics * Liquid crystals' are special substances that are usually liquid, but that show certain properties of a solid crystal. There are many different types of liquid crystal phases. Different phases are different because their optical properties are different. Using a microscope and a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will have different textures. This is also shown in the image. Gibbous phase * are phases between quarter and full phases. * is formed directly after the full moon. Lag phase * Most lag phases depend on growth conditions. * depend on conditions Stationary phase * Dying and dividing organisms are at an equilibrium. * results from a situation in which growth rate and death rate are equal. Phenolic compound * Most phenolic compounds belong to the flavonoids. * contain a six-membered aromatic ring with at least one OH group. * have a range of uses, including as an input to composite wood products. * secreted by the roots, e.g. luteolin, serve as signals. * share the same fundamental structural unit, phenol, shown above.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### phenomenon \| natural phenomenon \| physical phenomenon \| optical phenomenon \| parallax \| annual parallax: Stellar parallax * allows astronomers to determine the distance to nearby objects. * exists, but it is too small to be detected, because the stars are too far away. * is an annual parallax<\|endoftext\|>### pheresis: Plasmapheresis * are apheresis. * blood plasma exchange process. * blood-filtering procedure that is used to dramatically reduce triglycerides. * is considered a steroid-sparing treatment * is the drawing off of plasma - primary means of acute therapy - treatment of choice for hyperviscosity syndrome - used to remove excess antibodies produced by the myeloma cells * procedure that removes a large amount of abnormal protein from the blood. * removes antibodies from the circulation, producing short-term clinical improvements - the fluid part of the blood, the plasma, from blood cells * theoretically removes unwanted humoral and cellular elements. * treatment that is commonly used. * works quickly to increase strength. Plateletpheresis * is pheresis * process similar to donating blood, with a few exceptions. ### philips invention: Digital recording * Philips invention. * acquires much more information than analog. * allows ease of use in marking, forwarding and rewinding. * creates an audio or video record rather than a written transcript. * is free of wow and flutter inherent in mechanical recording devices - the process of recording from a digital source to a digital output * means digital quality.<\|endoftext\|>### philosophy: Axiology * Axiologies are philosophy. * explains and measures the thinking which forms the foundation for, and leads to, behavior. * is an area of philosophy that deals with the nature of values - concerned with theories of value - effective because it teaches right from wrong and good from bad * is the study of beauty - theory of value or worth * provides tools which can be practically applied to the everyday world. * speaks of the deafness and blindness of some to certain values.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### philosophy: Cosmology * addresses fundamental questions about the nature and evolution of the universe. * also relates how the universe has evolved in time. * branch of philosophy that is concerned with the origin and structure of the universe. * concerns the world, which is the aggregation of all contingent beings which exist. * deals with the world as the totality of space, time and all phenomena. * draws on the physical sciences - especially mathematics , physics , and astronomy. * fast-moving subject at the moment and often in the news. * has within the last thirty years become a mature science. * hot topic in scientific circles today. * investigates the overall structure of the universe. * is an interesting science in many respects - concerned with the large-scale contents and structure of the universe - covered only to the extent that it connects to particle physics - demonstrated as both an explanatory and a limit discipline in the natural sciences - one of the more popularized fields in science - still small but increasing * is the branch that examines the origin and structure of the universe - meeting point of observational astronomy, philosophy and particle physics - name given to how the universe began and how it has developed - realm of the safest human endeavor * is the science of the structure and the composition of the universe - that studies the origin and the evolution of the physical Universe - scientific study of the origin, evolution, and destiny of the universe - search for origins - study of something a bit more complex, like the origin of the universe and time * is the study of the cosmos in several of the above meanings, depending on context - form, content, organization and evolution of the universe - large scale structure of the universe and how it evolves * is the study of the large-scale structure and history of the universe - structure and origin of the universe - nature, origin, and evolution of the universe as a whole - order in the universe - origin, evolution and fate of the universe - origins and evolution of the universe - shape, structure, and dynamics of the universe - size and structure of the universe - structure, dynamics, and development of the universe - unioverse as a whole * is the study of the universe as a whole - as an ordered system * is, in effect, the study of the universe at large. * looks at the birth, life and death of the universe as a whole. * rapidly growing field. * seeks to explain creation. * study of the history of the universe from a perspective of physics. * suffers that problem too about the size and duration of our universe. * type of theoretical astrophysics. * weak form of science, at best. + Astrophysics, Types of astrophysics * Theoretical astrophysicists use information from astronomers and tools such as computers to explain how the Universe works. Cosmology is a type of theoretical astrophysics. + Big Bang: Cosmology :: Astrophysics * As a whole, space is growing and the temperature is falling as time passes. Cosmology is the name given to how the universe began and how it has developed. Scientists that study cosmology agree the Big Bang theory matches what they have observed so far. Dialectic * are contradiction - rationales * embraces an infinite variety of approaches to reality. * is philosophy - the logic of evolution, movement, and change * moving soul of every scientific evolution of thought. * thinking style that emphasizes contextual analysis of systems across time.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### philosophy: Etiology * Etiologies are causes * concerns the causative factors in a particular disease. * encompasses all the possible causes of a disease. * includes perinatal infections and prenatal intrauterine factors. * is age dependent - chromosomal nondisjunction during meiosis - considered allergic, usually a hereditary tendency - idiopathic - the science of the cause of disease - thought to be a combination of psychological, biological, and social factors - unknown in most cases of leukemia Moral philosophy * concerns itself with human actions, both in a universal and particular sense. * is philosophy * studies personal ethics, economics, and politics. Spiritism * are spiritualisms. * has a social function. * is dominant in their thinking regarding why things happen in the world - introversion * is, generally, rampant by having visits from spirits, counterfeit miracles, etc. * often brings a patient to an early death. * power for evil in Brazil, appealing to the emotions and offering physical healing. * science based on observance of spirit's manifestation. * teaches reincarnation or rebirth into human life after death. ### phobia: Fear of flying * is mainly irrational - peculiar in that it never lessens * very natural fear.<\|endoftext\|>### phones: Phoneme * are contrastive sound units which make a difference in words - in a systematic relationship with one another - simply the sounds that make up words * are the basic building blocks of meaning - building blocks of speech production and perception - elementary speech sounds represented by the letters of a perfect alphabet - individual sounds of speech and thought - minimal categories of speech sounds that serve to keep utterances apart * are the smallest meaningful sounds in a language - phonological segments that make a difference to meaning - unit of speech - units making up spoken language * are the smallest units of sound in language - speech - the basic building blocks of speaking and writing - which have distinctive meaning - sound elements of speech - speech phonological units that make a difference to meaning * combine to form syllables and words. * is phones * relate only to other phonemes. ### phones \| phoneme: Allophone * are phoneme - specific phones of a specific phoneme - the sounds that are actually pronounced * is phoneme Phonetic transcription * Some phonetic transcriptions use single digit numbers. * consists of transcribing the pronunciation of words. * is transcription. Phosphate group * are very polar. * contain phosphorus and oxygen atoms. * give a high, uniform negative charge. Phosphor * are inorganic crystalline materials that convert electron energy to light energy - materials that glow when struck by electrons - synthetics * give off light when struck by electrons.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Photo * are an important part of genealogy - graphics - images created by exposing a light-sensitive paper or plastic medium to light - located in cabinets - photographs - susceptible to lighting and atmospheric conditions - taken by astronomers * change colors at almost every pixel across. * contain shapes. * die cutters come in various sizes. * have details. * highlight plights. * illustrate differences - significance * includes sections. * is representation only of the colors - used for images with many shades of gray or color * means light and synthesis means preparation - putting together - light, synthesis means combine with light * relate to activities. * show angles - areas - beauty - conservation areas - evidence - locations - patterns - positions - red sea - regions - same regions - samples * use camera flashes + Minamisanriku, Miyagi, 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster: Towns in Japan :: Settlements in Miyagi Prefecture :: 2005 establishments * People believe she saved many lives. The three-storey headquarters of the department remained standing but only the steel frame remained. All of the interior and walls were destroyed. After the disaster, Endo was missing and was later found dead. Photos show the roof of the building completely submerged at the height of the tsunami. Some people held onto an antenna on the roof. ### photo: Aerial photo * are a snapshot at a particular point in time - photgraphs taken from the sky, looking down on the earth * serve mappers as the most accurate representation of what is on the ground. Autopsy photo * are public record in Florida. * are public records under Florida law - state law Panoramic photo * are substantially different from other types of photographs. * consist of several single photos put together by electronic processing.<\|endoftext\|>### photo: Sticker photo * are instant photos printed on sticker-based material. + Photo booth: Photography :: Commerce * There are many types of photo booths today that offer different sizes and kinds of photos such as passport photos and photos for identification. Also, some photo booths give you a number of tools you can use to create different features for your photos. Sticker photos are a good example. Sticker photos are instant photos printed on sticker-based material. After you take your picture, you can change backgrounds the tone or the color of the photo and insert letters and symbols. Invented in Japan, photo sticker booths are especially popular in Asian countries among teens and grown-ups alike.<\|endoftext\|>Photograph * Some photographs are very light sensitive, and can fade or darken with excessive light exposure - cause illusion * are also instrumental in identifying marine life, especially fish - capable of maps - created by photographers - cultural documents as well as aesthetic objects * are located in homes - shelfs - merely moments in time, frozen as an image - organic documents that interact with their environment - personal - images affect different people in different ways - pictures - significant aspects of architectural culture - the most common items people want to share and view - tools for learning - used for memory - works of art in their own right * become references - standard references - visual references * can manipulate reality digitally as much as any painting can. * get attention. * illustrate aspects - energy - sharpness * play a central role in many types of informal storytelling. * provide information. * show animals - coloration - regions - representations * taken from space can reveal ocean vegetation in which fish gather around. + Picture, Making Pictures: Graphics * Most pictures today are 'photographs'. Photographs are made with cameras. A camera makes a picture that looks very real.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### photograph: Angiogram * are X-ray pictures of arteries which display blood flow problems and blockages - inpatient procedures needed to image the arteries and veins before any treatment - medical imaging * require staying in the hospital about seven hours from start to finish. * reveal blockages and areas of restricted blood flow. Color photograph * are particularly susceptible to fading and discoloration - subject to loss of color from UV rays of light * illustrate sharpness. * show details. Daguerreotype * are an early form of photographs - extremely sensitive to sun light - images made by the first practical method of photography - one of a kind - our first real form of photography - photographs made directly in a camera on silvered plates of copper - positive images on copper plates with a highly polished silver surface - recognizable by their dark, portrait-like quality * have special charm.<\|endoftext\|>### photograph: Hologram * Some holograms show motion. * are amazing three-dimensional images created with the use of lasers - apparent images with three dimensional structure - graphics - light records of three dimensional objects or spaces - one of the best security devices ever invented - photographs of the three dimensional impressions stored on light waves - pictures * are three-dimensional photographs produced by lasers - projections - virtually impossible to create without sophisticated equipment * can help companies protect their products - serve as precise rulers for verifying shapes and dimensions * exploit the wave nature of light and record the phase of the wave. * increase the value of items such as baseball cards because of the rarity. * move and change colors when sunlight changes direction. * reflect light differently under various lighting conditions. * serve as guiding light for atoms. * share some unique properties with brains.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### photograph: Mammogram * All mammograms involve compression of the breast. * Many mammograms show nontransparent white specks. * are a prime source of ionizing radiation. * are an essential tool in the early detection of breast cancer - example of a familiar imaging tool used to screen for breast cancer - important part of a woman's health history - invaluable tool for the early detection of breast cancer - bloodless and painless - complex in appearance and signs of early desease are often small or subtle - currently the most commonly used method of clinically screening for breast cancer - easier to read thanks to new advances in medicine - extremely important for a woman's wellness care - free for low-income women * are good at detecting ductal carcinom in situ - for detecting cancer in post-menopausal women - medical tests - more difficult to read if the mother is breastfeeding, but can still be useful * are one area of patient testing that has specifically interested the government - way to detect breast cancer - safe and highly accurate in finding breast cancer - still the most effective way to detect breast cancer - the best tools to detect breast lumps early * are the best way to find breast cancer early, when it is easiest to treat - breast cancers while they are still treatable - useful for finding cancers when they are too small to be felt as a lump - very helpful in identifying the presenting symptom as a malignancy - x rays - x-ray pictures of the breast * can be embarrassing and time consuming, at least by some people's standards - helpful in determining whether a lump is benign or malignant * detect breast cancers at a much earlier stage that breast examinations alone - cancers too small to detect by a self-exam * give only minimal exposure to radiation, so they are safe * often find breast cancer very early - miss cancers in the early stages * rely on X-rays, which can mutate or destroy the tissue they penetrate. * save lives by identifying breast cancer at a stage when it is potentially curable * show slight changes in breast tissue. * use less radiation than a dentist's x-ray - low doses of x-rays to detect breast cancer - lower levels of radiation than ordinary chest x-rays and are safe - radiation and radiation is known to cause cancer ### photograph \| mammogram: Diagnostic mammogram * are different from screening mammograms. * is done on someone with a specific breast complaint. Myelogram * are a relatively safe X-ray examination of the spinal cord and spinal canal - special x-rays of the spine * only give a clear picture of the spinal canal. Photomicrograph * are pictures. * require a scale in the photo. * shows colonies of actinomyces in the abscess.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### photograph: Radiograph * allow for evaluation of the bones to ensure that they are formed completely. * also allow re-examinations as required to assess healing, progression of disease, etc. * are an asset to dental diagnosis and treatment only when interpreted correctly. * are an important part of evaluating the laminitic horse - laminitis therapy - necessary to determine if the bones have gone on to ossify normally - the least sensitive method of diagnosis * demonstrate generalized cardiomegaly with marked left atrial enlargement. * frequently demonstrate colonic wall thickening and luminal narrowing. * give practitioners the ability to see old skull fractures. * often belie the extension of medullary bone damage because of the density of the cortex - show changes that appear more severe than clinical findings * rely on the different densities of various parts of the body. * remain the standard for documentation of scoliosis. * reveal a prominent osteophyte on the metatarsal head - interstitial pattern in caudal lung lobes - multisegmental collapse, spondylosis, osteoporosis, and hypermobile segments * show bone spurs trying to span the disc space between the vertebra. * show dorsal osteophytes and joint space narrowing - with advanced degenerative changes - increased radio-opacity around molar area - sclerosis and slight expansion of the medial one-third of the clavicle - two dimensional representation of three dimensional structures * usually show multiple nodules with or without cavitation, bilaterally. + Smilodon, null, Teeth and jaws: Fossils :: Machairodonts * Smilodon' is most famous for its relatively long canines, which are the longest found in the saber-toothed cats, at about long in the largest species 'Smilodon populator'. These canine teeth were slender and had fine serrations. They were fragile and could not have bitten into bone. Therefore, the cats did not use their long teeth to take down prey. Only when their prey was subdued did they use their teeth. Radiographs reveal exceptional forelimb strength in the sabertooth cat, 'Smilodon fatalis'. ### photograph \| radiograph: Abdominal radiograph * are generally non-diagnostic for the vast majority of cases - normal, without any evidence of cystic or renal calculi * demonstrate free air in cases of intestinal perforation. Chest radiography * contributes relatively little to the diagnosis of acute pericarditis. * is indicated to detect ARDS in patients with pulmonary symptoms - only sensitive for the late stages of cardiovascular disease - useful in evaluating hyperinflation * shows bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Plain radiograph * are useful in detecting lyric or plastic lesions from bone metastasis - usually negative in a patient with pulmonary embolism * show the tumor is adjacent to the bone rather than arising from it. Sequential photograph * record a frog's growth over a period of weeks. * show how a puppy grows and changes over a period of months.<\|endoftext\|>### photograph: Still * are apparatus - bands - pictures * come in all sizes, shapes and materials of construction. * vary in size, depending on the amount of purified water they produce. * work by boiling water in a large chamber, producing steam which enters a condenser. * A 'still' tool used to clean a liquid. It does this by first boiling the liquid and turning it into a gas. This gas is then cooled, changing it back into liquid. Stills get their name from the word di'still'ation. Distillation is the process of boiling and cooling a liquid to purify it. Stills are most often used to create alcohol, but they can also be used with any liquid. Some examples are medicines and perfumes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### photograph \| still: Pot still * are used for making alcohol like whisky. + Still: Tools * Pot stills are used for making alcohol like whisky. A reflux still is much more complex. It works with a continual flow of liquid going into the boiler, and a continual flow of distilled liquid coming out. The distilled liquid can also be put through the process several times, which is why it is called a reflux still. This allows for a more pure product, and the person working the still can control the level of purity. Telephoto * lens to isolate and compress elements. * lense A lens that provides a narrow field of vision, seeming to enlarge distant objects. Photographic plate * Most photographic plates contain salt - uranium salt * are the raw material of most atlases. * is an artifact	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Photon * All photons emitted by hydrogen have the same energy. * All photons have half-integral spin - travel at the speed of light * Every photon contains a small amount of energy - has a wavelength, l, and a frequency, n * Some photons are part of beams - coronae - meteors - microwaves - moonlights - nimbuses - rays - starlights - sunlight - sunshine - yellow, others blue, red, ultraviolet, or even x-ray - behave more like a wave and others behave more like a particle * act like particles * also measure and define physical space. * are angles of light that science defines as messenger particles - bosons, many photons can be in the same state - bundles of oscillating electric and magnetic fields - carriers of vibrancy, or vibration, throughout our universe - discrete packets of radiant energy that travel in waves - electrically neutral * are electromagnetic radiation - waves with a particular frequency - electromegnetic waves - elementary particles - faster and more efficient than electrons, and they can even pass through one another - fundamental particles - light particles - located in space - massless and thus have a different little group - massless, so the momentum of a photon with energy is - much more penetrating than alpha and beta particles - one in time - packets of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum - part of electromagnetic radiation - particle-like features of light * are particles , much smaller than atoms - of energy that can be absorbed into and emittted from atoms and molecules - that travel at the speed of light - produced by the transition of electrons downward in their orbits - self-sustaining, disc shaped, spinning, matter bodies moving at constant linear speed - small, so small they can apparently be absorbed by single electrons * are the carrier particles of electromagnetic interactions - fastest of all spaceships - particles of light - their own antimatter counterpart - thus the ideal particles for transmitting information over long distances - to optical fibers what electrons are to copper wires - units of electromagnetic radiation including radio waves, light, and X-rays * become particle pairs, and particle pairs make photons. * begin to be visible. * behave like waves or particles, depending on the experiment and observer. * bounce off of elementary particles, much like billiard balls. * can behave like both particles and waves - change into leptons, which can change into gluons, etc - collide with electrons, or even other photons - scatter off interstellar electrons, for example * carry polarization like classical beams. * climbing out of a gravitating object become less energetic. * create a signal potential of subatomic information. * differ from particles in that their energy is related to their wavenumber through. * do have zero rest mass. * emanated by the sun carry energy depending on the colour of the light. * enter a channel and photoionize an atom in the wall - from the right through a collimator filled with the rare gas of interest - the ionization cell and collide with helium atoms * escape, forming cosmic microwave background. * fall under gravity. * falling into the gravitational potential wells of clusters gain energy. * fly near the atoms and are deflected. * follow the curvature of space. * go on splitting the nuclei, until only protons and neutrons remain. * have Structure. * have a set amount of energy - the energy is quantized - spin of one since they can be dipolar - wavelength , a velocity , a frequency , energy , and even a momentum - energy and momentum - momentum but no mass or electrical charge * have no definite maximum range - electric charge - mass and no electrical charge * have no mass or charge, and they travel in straight lines - but are electromagnetic, as are light, uv, and radio waves - rest mass and no time - orbital motion in a magnetic field and just spin as a singularity - properties of both waves and particles - the largest range of energy and central in a variety of energy conversions - zero mass * hitting chlorophyll knock an electron to a higher energy level. * imply that the electromagnetic spectrum stretches in several orders of magnitude. * includes sections. * interact very strongly with free electrons. * interact with electric and magnetic entities - matter via absorption and re-emission * is the term for the particles of light that provide the energy needed for photosynthesis. * lose energy as they escape the gravitational field of a massive object. * mediate electromagnetic interactions between particles in quantum electrodynamics. * move in waves, which is why they're called light waves * orbit the black hole at the distance of the photon sphere. * play an important role in many measurement procedures. * raise electrons into a higher orbit. * striking a silicon surface create free electrons through the photoelectric effect. * then pass out the tube in irregular directions, giving it a red glow. * transport the energy. * travel at a constant speed, which is entirely unchanged by the motion of any observer - slower speed inside a medium * travel through medium without interaction until they undergo a chance encounter - space at the speed of light * traveling at higher frequencies are therefore more energetic. + Electromagnetism, Electromagnetic radiation, Photons * Photons have energy and momentum. When two electromagnetic fields act on each other, they switch photons. So photons carry the electromagnetic force between charged objects. Photons are also known as messenger particles in physics because these particles often carry messages between objects. If a force exists while time passes, then photons are being exchanged during that time. + Gluon: Elementary particles * Gluons carry the strong force between other quarks, so it is considered a force carrying particle. Photons do the same thing, but for the electromagnetic force. + Photon, Properties: Basic physics ideas :: Electromagnetism :: Light :: Elementary particles * Photons are fundamental particles. Although they can be created and destroyed, their lifetime is infinite. + Quantum mechanics: Basic physics ideas :: Mechanics :: Mathematics :: Nuclear physics :: Quantum mechanics * Photons are particles, much smaller than atoms. The more photons a lamp shoots off, the brighter the light. Light is a form of energy that behaves like the waves in water or radio waves. Each photon carries a certain amount, or 'quantum', of energy depending on its wavelength.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### photon: Red photon * have less energy than blue photons - more energy than blue photons - the same energy as blue photons * penetrate deepest.<\|endoftext\|>Photosynthetic organism * Many photosynthetic organisms have a mixture of pigments - adaptations that concentrate or store carbon dioxide - live here * Most photosynthetic organisms live in aquatic environments - deep water * Most photosynthetic organisms use light - red light * Some photosynthetic organisms use energy - solar energy * are called photoautotrophs , since they can create their own food - producers that provide food to nearly all consumers on Earth * can use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide into sugar. * capture the momentum of a photon and translate it into biological energy. * convert light into all other forms of energy. * include algas - multicellular algas * produce many pigments other than chlorophyll a - oxygen that is important to most of the planet's biosystems ### physical attraction: Carnality * includes both indulging the flesh and inviting others to do the same. * is different from the continuing struggle with our flesh - physical attraction - the key to kissing's popularity ### physical entity: Adjunct * are associates - construction * physical entity<\|endoftext\|>### physical entity: Body of water * All bodies of water contain extremely delicate ecosystems - have turbidity to a certain extent, some more than other - represent our emotions and unconscious * Bodies of water are dark - they have some image artifacts because their returned signal is weak - especially powerful in soothing and engaging the mind - can form natural firebreaks - have their own, special set of signs - is part of surfaces - lose their liquid appearance * Every body of water contains natural contaminants - is polluted to some extent * Many bodies of water have no-discharge regulations in effect. * Most bodies of water harbor large amounts of bacteria. * Some bodies of water have LOTS of pelagics.<\|endoftext\|>### physical entity \| building block: Headstone * are the antithesis of cyberspace, their characters carved in stone. * building block * mark the graves of favorite dogs. + Funeral, Modern funerals: death customs * At many present day funerals there is a video tribute played before, after, or during the funeral service. Memorial folders or prayer cards are handed out at many funeral services and this, too, is a way to make a funeral service personal. Headstones are bought so that everyone can see who has been buried in a specific grave. They usually tell the name, date of birth and the date of death. Essential * are premium products that meet basic nutritional or personal care needs. * is concerned about the safety and proper absorption of minerals. ### physical entity \| essential: Natural fat * Most natural fats contain a complex mixture of individual triglycerides. * are essential. * do have many roles in the diet, but too much fat can be harmful. * fall into one of three families of fats. Physical object * All physical objects attract one another through the force of gravity - consist entirely of elementary particles - emit some level of heat - resist changes to their states of motion * Every physical object is liable to changes in color as well as in position. * are capable of fall - low in cognitive friction * have no color.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical entity: Variable * Many variables affect the population dynamics of growth - way that internal communication takes place within organizations - weather and climate * Many variables can affect catfish growth, but throughout their range, temperature major factor - the cooking time of gas-grilled foods * Many variables contribute to hypothermia including age, health, body size and duration of exposure - the development of hypothermia - determine the balance of nature * Some variables change brightness slowly over periods of weeks or months. * are a. magnitudes that are constant or fixed - an essential part in every programming language - characteristics that change from subject to subject in a study - expressions that return the value they represent - factors which alter the rate of a chemical or physical change - holes in data structures - identifiers starting with an uppercase - just abbreviations for complex expressions, as in mathematics - locations in memory in which values can be stored - multidimensional structures of information constructed from and subscripted by sets - names that the program associates with specific locations in memory - part of formulas - phenomena that change such as personality characteristics, condition or abilities - placeholders that range over individual objects - places in memory where data are temporarily stored - properties or attributes of units of analysis - quantities or characteristics being measured - sets whose elements are called values - software containers that hold a value * are strings of characters that are used to represent other strings or numbers - that have corresponding values - symbols used to represent one or more numbers - things that change - words used to represent numbers * can contain complex or real numbers, integers, strings of numbers, series, and matrices - represent integers, real numbers, constants, or functions * defined in a function are local variables. * do have location in time and space. * is the set of variables occurring in Term. * list of variables. * look like atoms, except they begin with a capital letter or an underscore sign. * measure attitudes concerning the role of the United States in the world. * play a key role in the process of mathematizing a situation. * provide the means by which scientists structure their observations. * store the information and sets define the structure of variables. ### physical entity \| variable: Cataclysmic variable * are the nearest X-ray sources. * consist of a main sequence star orbiting a white dwarf. Continuous variable * change in intensity at the same time or covary. * represent points along a scale, such as age, test score, or income. Correlate * are variables. * species diversity with species richness and species evenness. Demographic variable * are important determinants of behavior. * cover age, education, and sex. Dependent variable * is component of an experiment that changes due to the experimental variable - the amount they grow * reveal the effects that independent variables have on behavior. Environmental variable * Many environmental variables affect the way international public relations is practiced. * influence the length of each developmental stage. Global variable * Try to avoid global variables, other than constants. * are variables in the global namespace. Independent variable * are conditions varied or altered by the experimenter * is the amount of fertilizer. Random variable * describe selected features of elements of a sample space. * have a variety of applications in statistical simulations. * represent the possible outcomes of an event. * x variable just like in algebra.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical entity \| variable: Scalar * are components of a force and nothing more - data that have discrete values - in fact zero rank tensors - numerical quantities that can be described with a single number - quantities having size only - single things * can contain all types of data - strings, numbers, or references - have units, and perhaps an algebraic sign, but no direction * have magnitude but no direction, such as time, mass, and temperature. Social variable * allow researchers to better understand the cause of a child's illness. * are, for instance, socioeconomic or ethnic group, age or sex. * reveal cultural differences and dictate the social norms of a society. Physical entropy * Entropies usually increase when a pure liquid or solid dissolves in a solvent. * Entropy governs availability of energy for useful work - physical property * More entropy means less energy available for doing work - more dispersal and degradation of energy ### physical entropy: High entropy * means low potential energy. * refers to a state of great disorder. Physical event * are occasions for reflections - situations - to be thought of as movements according to law of material points in space * play out upon an underlayment of interwoven fields of energy and matter. ### physical game: Pro football * is polyester and plastic and the salary cap. * physical game. * young game with many interlocking relationships. ### physical growth: Biological growth * is physical growth. * occurs much more rapidly in seawater and in a warm location. * provoke asthma or flu-like symptoms in many people. * takes place when babies are born to church members.<\|endoftext\|>### physical growth \| biological growth: Embryonic development * Most embryonic development takes places. * Some embryonic development occurs during pregnancy - in ovaries * involves a blastula - cell division, differentiation, and morphogenesis * is biological growth - disrupted both in vitamin A deficiency and in excess * is, in the main, a continuous procedure, once fertilization has occurred. * lasts approximately two weeks. * occurs from the zygote through the eighth week of pregnancy - immediately * requires the coordinated production and distribution of transcription factors. * retraces the steps of evolutionary history. * starts again when the temperature is increased - with fertilization to create a zygote<\|endoftext\|>Physical malleability * Malleability is also a quality of metals - dispositions - physical properties * Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered into shapes - metal to be hammered into thin sheets - to be hammered out into sheets - extent to which a solid can be hammered or rolled into sheets. * ability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets. Gold and silver are highly malleable. When a piece of hot iron is hammered it takes the shape of a sheet. It is not observed in non-metals. Aluminium foil is one example of a malleable metal. Non-malleable metals will break apart when struck by a hammer such as wood or tin Physical matter * adheres to the laws of classical physics, where matter is solid and predictable. * is in a state of constant change.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process: Biological process * All biological processes depend on soil water and temperature conditions - follow the laws of physics and chemistry - result from integrated and concerted molecular events * Every biological process is regulated by several different control mechanisms. * Many biological processes have a computational aspect - operate in surface water, destroying contaminants - set in motion by people release carbon dioxide * Most biological processes demand a concerted action of more than one protein. * are biological processes - chemical in nature - physical events - subject to natural fluctuations and chaotic rhythms * biological objective. * physical process * produce minimal sludge quantities. * provide or improve goods and services such as food and drugs. * transform mercury in the water into more toxic methylmercury. * use economical agricultural-based products for bacterial nutrients - the metabolism of entire cells to degrade contaminants ### physical process \| biological process \| agenesis: Sacral agenesis * condition that exists when either part or all of the sacrum is absent. * is an inherited condition causing severe developmental abnormality in the spine. ### physical process \| biological process \| agglutination: Haemagglutination * general characteristic of lectins. * is agglutination Anovulation * are diseases. * can be due to many different causes - occur at any age but more commonly occurs at menarche and at menopause * is the most common cause of female infertility - infertility in women * represents a major cause of infertility. Autoregulation * See autogenous regulation. * affects Engrailed expression during embryonic development. * is achieved by momentary regional adjustments in cerebrovascular tone - the myogenic reflex and tubuloglomerular feedback - usually short-term and can enhance or override the vasomotor center * seems to remain intact in coronary arterioles.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process: Basal metabolism * Most basal metabolism has limits - lower limits * accounts for about two-thirds of spent energy. * is metabolism - the minimum energy needed to support the human body when resting and awake - usually by far the largest component of total energy used + Metabolic rate, Basal metabolism * Basal metabolism is usually by far the largest component of total energy used. The release, and using, of energy in this state is sufficient only for the functioning of the vital organs, the heart, lungs, nervous system, kidneys, liver, intestine, sex organs, muscles, and skin.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process: Bloom * Some blooms also generate dangerous toxins - blaze by morning but yield the spotlight when the sun climbs high * add vitality to any fresh-cut bouquet and even hold their color well when dried. * appear before leaves - continuously from early summer to first frost * appear in late spring through summer - summer and last until frost * are about the size of a nickel - abundant throughout the entire growing season - almost continuously on the shrub during the growing season - classic hybrid tea form, with full, large buds that open to a high centered flower - distinct-varying in species composition and size - edible for salads and garnish - edible, either raw in salads or battered and sauteed - generally green or blue-green in color, although they can be brown or purple - good health - heaviest in early summer, but they keep coming all summer - large and reach their maximum potential where nights are cool and days warm * are long lasting and can re-produce several times a year - vary in size - part of youth - responsible for life and the continuation of natural ocean processes - strong solid colors that first appear in late spring and continue until frost - tall spikes of big, deep blue flowers - usually beneficial events in the ecological calendar of a given body of water * arrive every year and they bloom for months. * attract bees, fruit taken by birds. * can be single, clear color, such as yellow or blue - last from days to months - and sometimes longer than a year - literally cover the branches when conditions are ideal - occur at any time, but most often occur in late summer or early fall * close each night at sunset or on dull days. * come in all shapes and sizes - clusters of six or more and start as tightly furled light pink buds - many colors and can be solid colors or bi-colors * containing microcystin are a problem worldwide in freshwater ecosystems. * continue past early frost. * exist only for short periods of time, usually a few hours at most. * first appear in early summer and continue into early fall - continue into late summer - late spring and continue into early fall * form globular clusters on strong stems. * fruit and bloom blend designed to enhance the later stages of plant development. * generally mark a convergence of factors that encourage plankton growth. * have a high-center point - delicate appearance - four pollinia - light golden yellow centers with deep green hearts - thirty to thirty-five petals * hold well in our bright sun. * intensify in non-moving or stagnant water. * is also a waxy substance found on the skins of grapes - crystalized oils that form in properly aging wrapper leaf - hailed as one of the major architects of modern neuroscience - the percent of plants with at least one open flower * last a long time. * naturally occur in golden, orange, yellow, and white colors, often with maroon highlights. * occur in clean waters as well as in polluted waters. * often begins in the fall and continues during warm periods until normal bloom time - consist of one species of phytoplankton that reproduce quickly - face several directions * purely objective feature in an instrument's sound. * show variation in each plant. * spathe consisting of numerous, tiny, brown flowers. * start during the first hot days of summer for several weeks. * stir slightly in the humid air currents. * uses a centrifuge to spin the blood sample at very high speed.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process \| bloom: Algae bloom * Are responsible for oxygen deprivation killing of marine life. * are nitrogen sources from the water column faster than the algae - one of the most common problems encountered by lake and pond owners - the result of excessive nutrients from fertilizers * can also cause insect problems - produce several types of shellfish toxins - be deadly to fish and plants - cause the suspended solids to increase quickly - occur when too much nitrogen and phosphorus enter a waterway - produce an unpleasant taste and odour in tap water - smother reefs and kill the coral - spread across hundreds or even thousands of miles * contribute to beach closures in that blooms are a good place for bacteria to grow. * deplete oxygen supplies and block sunlight needed by aquatic plants and animals - the oxygen in the water, killing fish and other organisms - waterways of oxygen and cause fish kills * form a mat along the lake bottom, rise to the surface, die, settle and decompose. * occur regularly in summer causing turbidity. * part of the natural annual cycle of the oceans and coastal regions. * vary seasonally and by region.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process \| bloom: Algal bloom * are a chronic problem for marine farming worldwide - classic symptom of cultural eutrophication * are caused by a. high nutrient concentrations - when excessive amounts of nutrients enter slow-moving bodies of water - common to surface water supplies in warm weather climate states like Texas - frequently the result of nutrient pollution resulting from human activities - most common in late summer and early fall - natural phenomena, and an integral component of marine productivity * are one common source of thick sea foams - of the more insidious consequences of eutrophication * are the result of excess phytoplankton spawned by the nutrient loaded waters - uncontrolled growth of one or more species of algae * can adversely affect water quality. * can also cause other problems besides toxicity - toxicity, taste, and odor problems - turn the water green, reduce water transparency and create odour problems - be detrimental to fish and other aquatic organisms - block the sunlight and nutrients to submerged plants - contribute to turbidity - greatly reduce water clarity under certain conditions - kill fish, cause the water to be toxic, and make water taste bad - present problems for ecosystems and human society - reduce oxygen levels in the water, leading to fish and other animal kills - strip life-supporting oxygen from the lake * cloud the water and reduce the amount of sunlight reaching Bay grasses. * color the water a pea-soup green and are a classic symptom of cultural eutrophication. * deplete oxygen levels, cause bacterial problems, and cause foul tasting drinking water. * follow, which deplete the water of oxygen. * leads to loss of species diversity which is known as. * occur and have definite adverse affects on fish populations and their reproduction - yearly and the aging process is progressing steadily * prevent light from reaching submerged vegetation, causing it to die off. * produce poisons that paralyse and kill fish. * reduce the photosynthetic ability of sea plants. * tend to give the epilimnion a greenish hue. Cyanobacterial bloom * are highly visible, widespread indicators of eutrophication. * cause heating of the sea surface. * occur when algae that are normally present grow exuberantly. Double bloom * are a soft rosy-pink, produced in quantity on a tidy shrub. * repeat in heavy cycles. Macroalgal bloom * can alter types and numbers of animals living in sediments - benthic animals. * contribute to the decline of seagrass in nutrient-enriched coastal waters. Phytoplankton bloom * occur within the estuary. * reduce water clarity and deplete the water of oxygen as they die and decompose.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process \| bloom: White bloom * appear just as the leaves come out. * are similar to other mints. Yellow bloom * appear in early summer. * are small suns fallen to earth. Bodily function * Every bodily function is carried out due to mechanical energy production - occurs as a result of the interaction between nerves and other organs - takes place in water * Many bodily functions continue for a few minutes after death. * Most bodily functions require energy. Catabolism * can also harvest energy stored in fats. * refers to the process whereby larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones. * works in the opposite manner to anabolism. Cell division * Many cell divisions occur, and then cells migrate to their final positions. * Most cell division involves separation. * Most cell division occurs at same time - in reproduction * Some cell division includes mitosis - involves mitosis * Some cell division leads to growth - oocyte growth * Some cell division occurs during growth - in tissue - requires energy - takes places * do happen all the time, especially in epithelia and in blood stem cells.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process: Cellular respiration * Most cellular respiration involves chemical reaction - enzyme reaction - glycolysis - many chemical reaction - oxygen * Most cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide - provides energy - requires oxygen * Some cellular respiration involves breakdowns - produces energy * begins with the absorption of sunlight by the mitochondria photosystems - glycolytic pathway * break down food such as sugar and release the energy they contain in a cell. * combines oxygen with sugars to form carbon dioxide, water, and energy. * depends on photosynthesis. * group of metabolic reactions which occur in the mitochondria of the cell. * involves a number of enzyme mediated reactions - series of enzyme-mediated reactions - many chemical reactions * is cellular respiration - remarkably efficient in energy conversion * maintains the high metabolic rate in mammals. * occurs from both plants and animals - in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells * occurs in the cells of all living things - three parts - two main parts, glycolysis and aerobic respiration - only in the presence of oxygen * redox process that transfers hydrogen atoms from sugar to oxygen. * releases carbon dioxide * removes oxygen from the atmosphere, combining it with hydrogen to form water. * requirement for life. * takes place in each and every living cell - the stages shown here - three main stages - near or in the mitochrondria, an organelle in all eukaryotic cells * uses oxygen to release energy from glucose. Effacement * are withdrawals. * is also a common evolutionary trend - the thinning of the cervix * term used when measuring the softening of the cervix.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process: Eutrophication * can be natural or human-induced - cause serious effects to living resources or their habitats * can produce many undesirable effects in coastal systems - problems such as bad tastes and odours as well as green scum algae * causes algal blooms, fish kills, and other water quality problems - the disappearance of the waterward side of populations * changes the species composition, usually also causing a reduction in species numbers. * comes from a Greek word meaning nutrients. * common phenomenon in coastal waters. * describes the biological effects of an increase in the concentration of nutrients. * form of pollution. * impacts on ecosystem services. * is an increase in nutrients that can lead to an overgrowth of algae - another major problem facing Louisiana s wetlands - currently one of the most serious pollution problems in America - more likely where nutrients come from several sources - one process used to treat polluted water for human consumption - still one of the major environmental problems in coastal areas of Europe * is the build-up of nutrients in an aquatic environment - enrichment of plant nutrients such as phosphate and nitrate in a water body - excess of nutrients in a body of water - excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae * is the natural aging of lakes or streams brought on by nutrient enrichment - process of lakes - process by which the nutrient content in water is increased suddenly * is the process of a body of water becoming nutrient rich - becoming better nourished either naturally or artificially - lake aging - response of a body of water to enrichment by nutrients * is when fertilizers spill into creeks which increases plant growth - plant and algal growth is over stimulated in a water ecosystem - there is an aundance of nutrients * leads to a decline in the number of life forms in a water body - changes in the availability of light and certain nutrients to an ecosystem * major problem as nutrients cause algal blooms periodically in the lake - that is associated with algal blooms in lakes - threat for freshwater ecosystems * means enrichment. * natural part of aquatic succession - process in all bodies of water as decaying matter accumulates * natural process that typically occurs as lakes age - usually takes place over thousands of years * occurs naturally in many bodies of water, but can be accelerated by pollution. * occurs when excessive nutrients are present as a result of sewage discharge - nutrient input to surface water causes increased algae production * refers to the effects of nutrients on aquatic ecosystems. * results from combinations of increased nutrient and sediment discharges with runoff. * serious problem for fisheries, recreation, industry and water supply. ### physical process \| biological process \| eutrophication: Cultural eutrophication * can result in algal blooms. * describes human-generated fertilization of water bodies. * form of water pollution. * is nutrient-enrichment of an ecosystem by human influences. * is the Earth's most widespread water quality problem - accelerated aging of a lake as a result of human activities * leads to an exhaustion of oxygen supply in the water. Fat metabolism * is one of the cornerstones of superior health. * produces ketoacids, which causes acidosis. Feminization * biological process * by - product of the control process. * occurs in males only.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process: Gastrulation * adds more cells to the embryo and sorts the cells into distinct cell layers. * are part of growth. * varies in different phyla. It is followed by 'organogenesis', when individual organs develop within the newly formed 'germ layers'. * begins after egg laying - three hours after fertilization - when fluid starts to accumulate between the blastomeres of the morula * complicated process in all animals and is difficult to define and study. * involves an epithelial to mesenchymal transformations - cell movements that help to attain new shape and morphology of the embryo - changes in cell motility, cell shape, and cell adhesion - the rearrangement and migration of cells from the epiblast * is apparently by epiboly. * is by a combination of invagination and epiboly - epiboly and invagination - epiboly, followed by invagination - invagination, occasionally accompanied by an in-wandering of cells * is initiated at the future dorsal side of the embryo, underneath the organiser region - by invagination of cells to form the dorsal lip of the blastopore - probably by epiboly * is the defining event of gut morphogenesis - process by which presumptive endoderm and mesoderm are internalized * leads to the development of different germ layers in the embryo. * marks the onset of changes in cell behavior that begin to shape the organism. * occurs before organogenesis - between the sixth and seventh cleavages * occurs by ingression and is followed by the deposition of the thick cuticle - unipolar proliferation - differently in different animals - in roughly two forms, depending on the amount of yolk present - solely on the blastodisc * produces a gastrula that develops three embryonic germ layers. * reorganizes the blastula into a three-layered embryo with a recognizable body plan. * represents a critical time in embryogenesis. * starts in the so called Spemann organizer. Hemopoiesis * All hemopoiesis begins with hemocytoblasts. * biological process Internal respiration * includes exchanges. * is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid. * is the exchanging of gases at the cellular level - gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells * occurs at the systemic capillaries within the tissues of the body.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process: Involution * are construction - useful when dealing with images of symmetrical objects * is the curling inward and ingrowth of a group of cells - migration of single cells from an epithelial layer into an embryonic cavity * is the process by which actuality is infolded into latency - where a hemangioma begins to lighten and become less prominent * normal process. * produces the germ ring by folding the blastoderm back upon itself. * results in a decrease in the number of secretory cells in the mammary gland tissue. Keratinization * contribute to the pale pink color with a bluish hue, indicating subtle vascularity. * feature of squamous cell carcinomas. * is one of the diagnostic features of squamous cell carcinoma - the process by which keratin is produced and the stratum corneum is formed - typical of epidermis	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process: Metastasis * Metastases are nodules of cancer away from the primary site - that have moved away from the primary or initial site - present in two-thirds of patients at the time of presentation - rare, and tumor-related deaths are exceptional - secondary tumours which have developed away from the original tumour site - spread via the bloodstream from tumors in other places in the body - usually present at the time of diagnosis - can appear in any part of the body - first occur in regional nodes and then the liver - frequently originate from cancers of the breast or lung, and from melanomas - have a variable appearance following gadolinium administration - usually consist of the adenocarcinomatous element * Most metastases are multiple except for kidney which is frequently single. * is diseases. * occurs via the bloodstream, or lymph system. + Vaginal cancer: Cancer * Primary vaginal cancer is rare in the general population of women. Metastases are more common. Vaginal cancer occurs more often in women over age 50, but can occur at any age, even in when they're pregnant. It often can be cured if found and treated in its early stages. Surgery alone or surgery combined with pelvic radiation is typically used to treat vaginal cancer.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process \| metastasis: Bone metastasis * Bone metastases are made up of abnormal cancer cells that start from the original tumor site - one of the most common causes of morbidity in cancer patients - particularly common in people with breast, lung or prostate cancer - usually multiple - worrisome for several reasons * Bone metastases can cause a release of calcium into the bloodstream - debilitating pain and severe fractures * is suspected when a patient with lung cancer has new and persistent bone pain. * refers to a cancer that has spread from the primary site to one site in the bone. Brain metastasis * Brain metastases are tumor cells that have traveled through the blood stream to enter the brain - tumors that arise from outside of the brain and spread to the brain * carry a poor prognosis and high morbidity. Hematogenous metastasis * Hematogenous metastases can also cavitate. * requires tumor cell attachment to the vessel wall during blood flow. Hepatic metastasis * Hepatic metastases are a major cause of death in patients with disseminated colorectal cancer - also common * is also present and visible. Liver metastasis * Liver metastases are more common from primary disease below the diaphragm - imply a major problem in patients with carcinoid tumours * Most liver metastases are asymptomatic and therefore can be extensive prior to diagnosis. * is one of the major causes of cancer death after resection of pancreatic cancer. Systemic metastasis * Systemic metastases are generally hematogenous in origin, and the liver is the most common site. * occurs in about one-third of patients with subcutaneous involvement. Neoplasia * is an abnormal growth in the number of cells - characterized by genetic instability - common in older cats - the primary manifestation of some cancer genes, such as the retinoblastoma gene * means a new abnormal growth of cells - new growth - the new development of abnormal cells * publishes the results of novel investigations in all areas of oncology research.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process: Ontogeny * constrains the systemic protease inhibitor response in Nicotiana attenuata. * follows phylogeny. * is another name for embryonic development - variability which has gone to extremes in skates - the study of the development of an adult organism from a single-celled zygote - thus the developmental process of a multicellular organism * recapitualtes phylogeny. * recapitulates phylogeny, as the psychoanalyists say. * recaptulates phylogeny, in interactive media as in biological media.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process: Organic evolution * is descent with modification. * refers to changes in populations. Parturition * biological process * generally involves only a short period of labour. * is part of reproduction - the act of giving birth and is the final stage of the reproductive process - triggered by an increase in foetal cortisolproduction<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process: Pathogenesis * extends to both humans and animals, causing the fatal disease listeriosis. * includes experimental evidence that evaluates the neural pathway of affected patients. * involves synovial thickening and eventually death and destruction of cartilage. * is attributed to the inadequate clearance and processing of immune complexes - based on impeded CSF circulation and absorption - controversial - even rarer among phototrophs, lithotrophs, and autotrophs - most likely from immune system attacking infected cells - related to intestinal cell distruction - studied using animal models of infection * is the ability of one organism to cause disease in another - morbid process, the mode of origin, the development of disease * is unknown, although faulty bacterial killing by macrophages is suspected - but is possibly due to an immunopathologic mechanism * means the initiation and development of disease. * term used to describe how the virus causes disease in the animal. ### physical process \| biological process \| phylogenesis: Anamorphosis * is phylogenesis * refers to the practice of using different magnifications in different dimensions. * technique for abstracting images.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process: Protein folding * is an empirical reality seeking a theory - increasingly important field in bio-medical research - largely self-organising * is one of the central unsolved problems in structural biology - fundamental unsolved problems in molecular biology - hot spots in modern biology - quite an up and coming field - the third stage in the development of protein structure * multistep process. * provides an important example. * remains an active research area. * reveals a hierarchy of structural organization. + Protein structure, Levels of protein structure, Tertiary structure: Molecular biology :: Proteins * Protein folding is largely self-organising. It is mainly done by the protein's primary structure its sequence of amino acids. Alberts, Bruce 'et al' 2002. The shape and structure of proteins. In 'Molecular biology of the cell'. This is called Anfinsen's dogma. Reabsorption * Much reabsorption is by active transport, performed by cells in the tubule wall. * is by either active or passive transport. * makes blood more basic. * occurs in the kidney's tubules which are attached to each glomerulus - renal tubules ### physical process \| biological process \| resorption: Bone resorption * becomes more significant than bone formation. * can create a risk of fatigue fracture of porous coated AML prostheses. * ends when the osteoclast dies by apoptosis. * generates several collagen breakdown products, which are excreted in the urine. * is also inhibited - bone destruction	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process: Senescence * brings both the fall colors and leads to renewed spring growth. * is an active and passive cessation of growth - inevitable consequence of wear and tear - different than aging - regarded as a non-adaptive phenomenon * is the dropping of leaves, flowers, fruits, or other plant parts - phase of plant growth after full maturity that results in tissue death - term used to describe the aging and death of a tree or a part of it - triggered by progressive reduction in telomere length during DNA replication - universal, intrinsic, progressive, and deleterious * natural part of the life cycle of plants. * physiological decline intrinsically related to the age of the tree. * starts together with flower development. * term used to indicate gradual deterioration of the body with age. * typically occurs in fall when moisture becomes limiting and plants are exposed to frost.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| biological process: Synapsis * Most synapses develop on thorn like processes of dendrites, the dendritic spines - have a macular shape * Synapses allow cells to talk and listen to one another - are also the site of action of many mind altering drugs * Synapses are connections between cells that make the nervous system function - that transmit information between nerve cells and their targets - critical for relaying nerve impulses - highly active biochemical sites, requiring a great deal of protein for their function - one wiring system meeting another - polarized, i.e., the impulses pass in one direction only - responsible for much of the brain's activity - sites of where neurotransmission and trophic factor signaling occurs - specialized functional cell junctions to propogate cellular signals - strongest when the learning has a function - structures that permit communication between neuronal cells * Synapses are the connections between nerve cells that mediate information transfer in the brain - nerves - neurons, or nerve cells - contact points where one neuron communicates with another - gaps between adjacent neurons - junction points between neurons * Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain - structures for information processing in the brain - major points at which information is transmitted between neurons in the brain - primary points of communication between cells of the nervous system - telephone lines that enable brain cells to communicate - therefore capable of linearly transmitting presynaptic release - very small gaps between neurons - become bigger by recruiting more constituent molecules - bring signal values to the input of the neuron * Synapses can also occur between neurons - be excitatory or inhibitory * Synapses can be preset to fire at specified times or to fire stochastically - differ in the effect that they have on the output of the neuron - exhibit different forms of plasticity over a wide range of time scales - grass-roots, interfaith, international, peace action network - have a large lipid component - modify slowly relative to characteristic neuron response times * Synapses occur at the end of the body's nerve terminals - exclusively at varicosities on corticostriatal axons - typically occur between an axon and a dendrite , though many other arrangements also occur * allows crossing over between homologous chromosomes. * are convergence - situations * consists of the pairing of homologous chromosomes. * is the process of linking of the replicated homologous chromosomes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| biological process: Translocation * affect fertility but no other production traits. * are genetic errors that result when parts of two chromosomes are exchanged - the transfer of a piece of one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome - thus heritable and can be perpetuated in populations * can however give rise to difficulties with reproduction. * certainly play a role in producing changes of chromo- some number. * disrupt the normal sequencing of the genes. * have two genetic consequences. * involve exchange of material between two or more chromosomes - the interchange of large segments of DNA between two different chromosomes - transfer of non-homologous pieces of DNA between chromosomes * involves the transfer of a chromosome fragment between nonhomologous chromosomes - segment of one chromosome to another * is the long distance transport of sucrose in phloem - movement of organic solutes through plants - third broad class of biological processes * is upward into leaves - with the movement of water to leaves where it inhibits photosynthesis - usually reciprocal, in that the ends of two chromosomes have exchanged * means digging up everything and placing the land elsewhere. * occur as a result of the pairing of non-homologous chromosomes during meiosis - when a broken piece of a chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome * occur when a piece of a chromosome attaches to another chromosome - one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome * occurs in the cytoplasm - when the extra chromosome attaches itself to another chromosome * result from an inappropriate crossing-over of two unrelated chromosomal arms. ### physical process \| biological process \| translocation: Chromosome translocation * are a form of genome instability found in many types of cancer. * occur in many different tumors.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process: Chelation * are chemical processes * However, there are a few elements that cannot bond with many other elements, because they have orbits that are already filled, or nearly filled, equally. Chelation enables a non-bonding element to bond, thereby enabling removal * combines minerals with other substances, usually amino acids. * controls free radicals. * enables a non-bonding element to bond , thereby enabling removal. * increases blood flow, particularly to tiny arterioles. * involves the bonding of metal to a molecule that has two more polar groups. * is an equilibrium process with a strong tendency to the chelated form - important tool for ridding the body of excess lead - based on how metals bind to organic molecules - effective in restoring sexual potency - similar to cation exchange , except that it usually is more stable in holding ions * is the molecular process of organic proteins binding with metal molecules - pharmaceutical process of bonding each mineral to an amino acid - process of bonding a mineral to an amino acid - term used when a substance binds to another and removes it from the body * is used to clean out the arteries and veins and to remove heavy metals from the body - improve circulation and reduce the symptoms of cardiovascular disease - when the mineral is bound to another nutrient in a complex molecule * means to combine a mineral with something else - firmly bind a metal ion with an organic molecule to form a ring structure * medical treatment to remove lead from the blood - used to remove lead from the blood * method of extracting mercury from human chemistry. * natural reaction in most soils and is enhanced by organic matter , especially humus. * procedure that helps bind the lead and remove it from the body. * process by which mineral substances are changed into their digestible form - that can take a long time to occur - which allows better assimilation of the nutrients * removes zinc, a mineral essential for proper function of the body's cells. * term describing compounds which bind molecules, typically metal ions, within it. Decline * are albums - conditions - decrease * usually mean the trees are sick because there problem in the rhizosphere. ### physical process \| decline: Cognitive decline * continues and in some cases loss of speech has been reported. * occurs at around the same time. Economic decline * increases occupancy and demand for facilities. * is the fourth factor that is an indicator or social effect of environmental stress. Forest decline * is noticed in some forest types. * major concern, especially in Europe. * significant worldwide problem. * threatens the genetic diversity of the worlds plants and animals. Moral decline * affects all of society, but it has a particularly devastating impact on our youth. * precedes economic and social decline. Slack * are pull on and elastic waist - usually the hardest garment to get to fit properly * can develop in a wire rope when the load on it unexpectedly slows or stops. * is cord - debris - rivers - stretchs * is the amount of time a task can be delay ed without delay ing the project completion date - degree of freedom in a company that allows it to change * sag, bend or curve in the fly line before and during casting. Slump * are a communicable disease - deterioration - the most common and widespread form of landslide in hilly regions * commonly follow earthquakes by several minutes. * mass wasting process that a.. * measure of how wet or stiff the concrete is - the consistency of the concrete * occur where unconsolidated sediments move downhill on a curved, scoop-shaped surface. * typically move quite slowly, measurable in inches to many feet in a year.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| decline: Wreck * Many wrecks make great habitats for marine life - provide habitats on which marine life now thrives * are a part of racing - declines - serious accidents - ships * cause injuries, cost money and impact lives.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process: Globalisation * Western conspiracy to control countries, their population and their resources. * aims to conquer markets rather than nation states. * also brings with it rapid change and new challenges - gives the opportunities for the nations and individuals - has implications for the relationships between groups of countries - impacts on welfare provisions in both the South and the North - implies that certain types of policy measures become less effective - means the plundering of our planet * basically means that one predominant system of values transpires all over the planet. * brings about intense competition for trade, talent and international investments. * can also adversely influence the culture of a society - be a powerful and dynamic force for growth and development - only deepen if poverty also becomes globalised * complex phenomenon marked by two opposing forces. * creates new opportunities for growth in the developing countries. * emerges most clearly as an economic reality. * fact of life - modern life * favours an elite integrated in the global economy, with economic and political power. * force for economic growth and job creation, given the right economic policies. * grand design to re-colonise the developing world. * has an enormous impact on international foreign policy issues - economic, political, and cultural aspects - huge health implications in the light of our interdependence as a species - important implications for the role of leaders - many meanings * has the power to bring immense economic benefits to all countries and people - leave some segments of society vulnerable * highlights different collective choices in the matter of human rights. * hinders Governments' efforts to reduce the gap between rich and poor. * increases competition, thereby providing a positive contribution to price stability. * influences the law as well. * involves taking over much more land and impoverishing lakhs more. * is Western capitalism internationalised - actually the globalisation of poverty * is an ongoing process that presents opportunities, as well as risks and challenges - undeniably capitalist process - as much a challenge to individual identity as nationalism - both a cause and a consequence of the information revolution - driven by the financial markets - enormously beneficial to the entire world * is one of the characteristics of our age - great paradoxes of our time - principal theme-words of the present age - potentially a new form of colonization - powerful, and some have argued that it has rendered the nation-state redundant - seen as a new engine for producing prosperity and higher income in many countries - simply the application of liberal capitalism on a global stage * is the effective erasure of national boundaries for economic purposes - rising tide of cheapness and superficiality * is, in short, increased social relations internationally. * juggernaut out of control, run by a small number of dickheads in suits. * kind of unavoidable situation. * means both increased interdependence and increased regulation - companies can now trade all over the world - national organisations are looking for international links - that for many workers, bosses are thousands of miles away - the breaking down of frontiers, whether they divide out minds or our countries * new historical era - word in the Indian business lexicon * offers states an opportunity to compete for mobile economic activity. * operates on Internet time. * part of our life. * process which has an important fiscal dimension. * provides great opportunities for developing countries to grow rapidly. * reality from automotive to aerospace, from construction to communications. * reinforces a sexist and patriarchal system. * serves as another stimulus for the transformation of the insurance market. * single term for a lot of paradoxical and contradictory changes. * social phenomenon as well as a historical trend. * stimulates entry to previously closed markets. * takes many forms. * term used constantly today. * theory now accepted almost without dispute. * wears the cloak of liberalisation and openness. * western phenomenon or rather it European phenomenon.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| human process: Dissimilation * human process * part of the denitrification process. Reuptake * is via a carrier-mediated process in the presynaptic neuron. * occurs when neurotransmitters released into the synapse are a. broken apart by enzymes. Social process * are very important in both the perception and management of pain. * is discourse by various means.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| human process \| social process: Breeding * All breeding is therefore by artificial insemination which increases the overall rate of fertility. * are elegance - production - socialization * can happen year-round, but is based mainly on times of food abundance. * involves selecting and crossing plants with desirable traits such as disease resistance - the mixing of two complete genomes * is based around food availability - by the genetic operators of selection, crossover, and mutation - generally the only time chameleons are housed together for short periods - more than just throwing two dogs together to produce pups - optimized when animals are continuously retained in breeding pairs - said to work best in groups of about ten animals - seasonal when fruit is in abundance - similar to natural selection in a few ways - such type of behavior that one species increase their offspring * is the central purpose for seabirds to visit land - collective term applied when attempting to raise young canaries to adulthood * occurs only once every single year in bald eagles. * social process. ### physical process \| human process \| social process \| breeding: Animal breeding * are animal husbandry. * is aimed at the genetic improvement of farm animals - another important part of the Mandara's lives - described in the Bible Cooperative breeding * increases the survival of young of related birds. * occurs where more than two individuals combine to rear a single brood of young. * social system in which auxilliary adults participate in raising young. * strategy to reduce pup loss from infanticide. * takes place when additional adults help raise the nestlings. Irresponsible breeding * creates stray animals, which are a public health and safety concern. * is the reason there are so many homeless dogs. Line breeding * Some line breeding is common in the majority of purebred dogs today. * form of inbreeding where offspring are bred back to a common ancestor. * is done to concentrate the desirable genes found within related individuals - the only way to improve stock - where the sire and dam have several of the same ancestors as each other * mild form of inbreeding. Plant breeding * All plant breeding involves the genetic manipulation of plants. * can change both simple and complex traits but varietal identity is lost. * is always a continued race against pathogens as they develop and evolve - genetic engineering and has existed for a very long time - underway to develop hemp cultivars adapted to Saskatchewan conditions Responsible breeding * makes a difference in the chances of a success match of dog to owner. * starts with selection of the parents.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| human process \| social process \| breeding: Selective breeding * can be a useful aid to parasite control - improve crops for freshness or disease resistance * is one method of doing behavior genetic research. * is the breeding of organisms for their desired trait or characteristic - mating of individuals with a desirable trait over many generations - method of breeding certain organisms together that have desirable traits - used to achieve the active hock action and high, extended from leg action * requires genes to select traits from.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process: Industrial process * Many industrial processes generate metalworking fluid mists - mineral oil mist - have the effect of concentrating harmful materials near human settlements * Many industrial processes involve flow between deformable rolls - the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum fuels * Many industrial processes produce nitrate-containing waste streams - toxic chemicals as a by-product - release toxic organic vapors - require heated or cooled process water - use flow systems, while batch reactors are most common in the laboratory * Most industrial processes tend to occur at high pressures and temperatures. * Some industrial processes concentrate salt in they water they use - produce waste, for example * are processes - the main sources of benzene in the environment * contribute more acetone to the environment than natural processes. * cooling towers remove heat from chemical and industrial processes. ### physical process \| industrial process: Cyanide process * is an industrial process * revolutionizes gold and silver mining.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| industrial process: Fractionation * also occurs during inorganic equilibrium reactions and phase changes. * ensures that less damage is done to normal cells than to cancer cells. - common practice for treating other kinds of growths - division * is the fundamental process for producing petroleum from crude oil - legacy of misguided policies of decades past - principle for successful treatment of tumors by radiation - process of separating and purifying therapeutic proteins from plasma * refers to the kenetics of isotopes - units that have both a reboiler and a condenser * turns milkfat from a commodity with limited uses into a versatile food ingredient. ### physical process \| industrial process \| fractionation: Carbonisation * is fractionation * means the organism is 'altered' by being reduced to carbon. Carbonization * involves heating to a high temperature in an inert atmosphere. - one form of fossilization and is typical for such organisms as plants and insects - the process that ancient organisms undergo to become coal * refers to the devolatilization of an organic feedstock to yield gas and char. Irreversible process * are also essential to life. * make sure that the entropy actually always increases.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process: Natural process * All natural processes act to maximize the entropy of a system - are long processes and they last - create entropy * Many natural processes are forms of cloning - occurring on land or in the ocean combine to influence continental margins - tend to concentrate particular isotopes by a factor of several percent * Most natural processes are chaotic systems as well as many man made ones - slow down at lower temperatures * Some natural processes can affect mercury uptake in wading birds. * are as important as species * can effectively reduce the toxicity of some contaminants - help maintain shrubland habitats * convert pollutants to microorganisms. * produce much more than industrial processes - relatively small amounts * remove pathogens from water. * tend to move towards a state of greater disorder. ### physical process \| natural process: Emotional growth * involves the development of a child's feelings. * is lifelong.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process: Processing * affects the calcium content of soyfoods considerably. * are processes. * can enhance the nutritional value of foods in a number of ways. * cows Processing cows usually revolves around pregnancy testing. * greatly alters the nutritional value of the food ingredients. * increases the calcium content of some soyfoods. * involves steps in which microorganisms decompose and transform the sewage. * is mediated by the combined action of a helicase and nuclease. * is the conversion of input to output - fastest growing sector within the world potato economy * kills disease-causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses, and reduces odors. * reduces the amount of potassium in foods. * starts with receptors and afferents of the skin, muscles, and joints. * systematic series of actions used to manipulate data. * takes a lot of the nutrients out of nutrient-rich foods. + Photography, Film Processing * Once the film has been exposed it is 'processed'. Processing has to be done in total darkness or the film will be exposed too much and the picture will be lost. Processing stops the film reacting to light any more. After the film has been processed the picture can be seen on the film. ### physical process \| processing: Auditory processing * involves the manner in which the brain receives and uses sounds. * is also often poor. Automatic processing * is an alternate, highly effective means of developing films. * means doing the task without having to devote attention to it. Batch processing * are executions. * is utilized by agencies for convenience in reporting large volumes of property. Cold processing * allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences. * is used to maximize and preserve enzyme activity. Cryogenic processing * changes the crystal structure of materials to enhance performance. * involves lowering the temperature of an object to sub zero temperatures. Data processing * are processing - seekings * has many job specialties. * includes extraction and analysis, using statistical and numerical techniques - thematic data classification, data integration and data mapping * involves data calibration, evaluation and subsequent archiving. * is an important stage between data collection and data analysis.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| processing \| data processing: Data mining * aims to make sense of data in relation to the organisation's decision needs. * are data processing * automates the process of finding predictive information in large databases. * combines methods from machine learning, statistics, and databases. * consists in extracting knowledge from a large quantity of data. * form of artificial intelligence that uses automated processes to find information. * goes beyond computer monitoring to identify suspicious patterns of activity. * has very broad applications in virtually all industries. * includes association rule mining, classification and clustering. * involves analysis of the spatial relationships among a set of maps. * involves the development of tools that can extract patterns from large databases - extraction of fielded data and the analysis thereof - methods used to pull information from databases * is about finding new information in a lot of data - actually the application of several statistical methodologies * is an automated tool requiring no substantial human effort - interdisciplinary field, with strong quantitative roots - invasion of privacy - outgrowth of the advances in record-keeping made possible by computers * is concerned with extracting useful information from data - the analysis of large but homogeneous data * is one emerging area of data handling - of the hottest topics in data warehousing - the art of analyzing and extracting useful information from large datasets * is the automatic discovery of patterns, associations and anomalies in data - associations and changes in large data sets - extraction of meaningful information from large amounts of data - data-driven extraction of information from large databases - discovery of latent knowledge from information files - elixir for which many are reaching - practice of analyzing the data that the business has collected over time * is the process of converting data into information - discovering useful patterns in large data sets - extracting useful information from large databases - finding actionable information from a set of raw data - research area where methods for exploration of large data sets are developed - viewed as an exploratory data analysis on large data sets * looks for patterns in data. * makes it possible to make productive use of their demographic information. * means finding unexpected relationships in a data set - getting information from fairly large and frequently updated resources * method for finding patterns in large data sets. * process to uncover trends and relationships in heterogeneous data. * refers to automated methods of deriving information from massive amounts of raw data - the manipulation and retrieval of the information in a data warehouse * serves to find information that is hidden within the available data. * step beyond using data to prepare reports. * step-wise process of knowledge discovery in databases. * turns data into information. * uses a technique called modeling. * is about finding new information in a lot of data. The information obtained from data mining is hopefully both new and useful. Multiprocessing * completely legitimate and time honored architecture for computing systems. * is the real future of computing. * occurs when a system consists of multiple CPUs or multiple processors. Parallel processing * involves topic like algorithms, hardware and languages. * is employed to evaluate all individuals of one generation in parallel - induced when more than one meaning is salient * is one method to reduce simulation time - technique to reduce simulation time * is the ability to perform multiple computations simultaneously - brain using many processors to recognize an image - way that kind of emergent phenomenon can happen	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| processing \| data processing: Word processing * combines the ability to edit text with the ability to format it. * facilitates the recursive nature of writing. * is an application, for example - important part of being a college student - currently the most popular computer usage - essential in orthopedics for patient documentation, and consultants' referrals - faster than handwriting for the visually impaired - one of the most common computer uses - the cornerstone of building computer skills * is the most commonly used application for text output - frequently used application for computer equipment - one common denominator found in every automated law office - use of a computer program to write, edit and print a document * lightens some of the purely mechanical burdens of writing, like typing and editing. * seems to have a positive effect on student attitudes toward writing. * skill which employers increasingly regard as essential. * standard writing tool for students. Deep processing * brings about long-term memory. * involves attaching numerous associations to a piece of information. Digital processing * can improve picture quality. * has the capability of using, two, three or more digits for encoding information. Electronic processing * expedites the exchange of information. * is faster and less expensive than paper processing.<\|endoftext\|>### physical process \| processing: Image processing * Image Processing focuses on the application of technology to scientific analysis of images - is the computer manipulation of images * allows for the compression, manipulation, and indexing of files. * can pull an image out of the darkness and make it daylight clear. * includes sharpening, blurring, and also embossing. * involves steps taken to enhance an image and extract pertinent information - the manipulation of image data for viewing by people * is an acceptable form of reproduced documentation that meets industry standards - area of growing importance where applied mathematicians are needed - based on optoelectronic matrix-vector multiplication - something scientists have been doing for years - the use of computers to analyse images - used in image recognition and computer vision * tool that has established itself in modern molecular biology - used in many fields with many opportunities * uses computers to give students skills that are relevant in today's workplace. Meat processing * decreasing cost industry, i.e., economies of size exist. * strongly competitive industry. + N'Djamena: Capital cities in Africa :: Cities in Chad * N'Djamena' is the capital of Chad. It is the largest city in the country. The city is a port on the Chari River. N'Djamena is also a special statute region. It is a regional market for livestock, salt, dates, and grains. Meat processing is the main industry. N'Djamena has a population of 721,000 people. Proteolytic processing * activates a viral superantigen. * is an important regulatory mechanism for many basic biologic processes. * occurs during viral maturation and viral function. Refining * are manufacturing - separatings * includes the extraction of gas and petroleum products. * is the process of removing all the bad stuff - separation and purification of gold from other metals - usually by electrolysis, but gold in ores is recovered by a smelting process * means to remove all of the impurities that are found. Secondary processing * helps to increase a food's shelf life. * series of actions that change primary products into other food products.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### physical process \| processing: Signal processing * are physical events. * is the analysis, interpretation and manipulation of acquired signals - used to actually construct an image that can then be interpreted + Signal processing, Method of Signal processing: Communication * Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation and manipulation of acquired signals. Acquired signals must to be processed depending on the purpose of measurement, a method of measurement, and a property of acquired signals. Text processing * is more closely related to book publishing than typewriting. * refers to the ability to manipulate words, lines, and pages. Vulcanization * are processing. * is the best bonding method for heat transfers - crosslinking reaction between the rubber chains and the sulfur - process by which soft rubber is converted to a harder, longer-lasting product - step that turns a conglomeration of rubber, wire and thread into a tire - where crude rubber is turned into elastic material * process by which latex is heated in the presence of sulfur. Slippage * is declines - decrease - motion * takes place when the blow falls, causing distinctive scratches. Wastage * are decrease - loss * occurs through melting or by large pieces of ice breaking off the face of the glacier - when diggers return small or damaged clams back to the sand * physical process<\|endoftext\|>Physical property * All physical properties come from the internal arrangement of atoms. * Physical properties Eugenol more iirritany for tissue than without. * Physical properties are a function of sediment composition, structure, and porosity - characteristics that can be recorded or measured using the senses - measures of a material s size, density, porosity and surface texture - properties which can be observed without changing the type of matter - referred to as observables - solubility, volume, length, color, odor, melting point, mass, boiling point - the properties of an object that can be observed - unlike any other known biological agent - used to observe and describe matter - usually a function of the particle coordinates and velocities - can differ dramatically between bulk and epitaxial phases * Physical properties describe the characteristics of a substance or any bit of matter - elements as they are in their pure form - include appearances Physical quantity * All physical quantities have units. * Many physical quantities are vectors, e.g., force, velocity, and momentum - have scalar values, e.g., length, area, mass, energy, and electric charge * Physical quantities are categorized into base quantities and derived quantities - properties that can be measured Physical state * Any physical state can be as a linear combination of basis vectors of the state space. * is determined by the combined effects of pressure and temperature. * refers to whether the toxicant is in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas or vapor.<\|endoftext\|>### physical stress: Muscle pain * Some muscle pain relates to tension. * are a non-specific symptoms - extremely common * can arise from both acute injury and chronic strain - be due to a number of other things, including some antiretroviral medicines * creates physical inactivity, resulting in muscle weakness. * inhibits cutaneous touch perception. * is illnesses. * is oxygen deficiency in muscles - deprivation * occurs while walking and later at rest also. * physical stress. * sign of injury. ### physical systems: Communications system * Most communications systems are capable of transmitting and receiving. * are physical systems - the lifeblood of any business	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Phytochemical * Some phytochemicals are hydrophobic and have cyclic structures similar to that of steroids - help to protect a healthy, normal cell from turning into a cancerous cell * appear to have the ability to block the multiple processes that lead to cancer. * are a diverse group of natural substances produced by plants - recent discovery - capable of halting that process at one or more of the stages * are chemicals in plants that are responsible for color, smell and flavor - or ingredients naturally found in all plant foods - compounds found in foods that have significant health benefits - different from vitamins and minerals - food components that are derived from plant foods - health-giving substances found in foods * are in plants and plant-derived foods - pulpy matter, which is usually lost in the juicer - literally chemicals that come from plants - non-nutrient chemicals found in plants including legumes such as soybeans - non-nutritive substances, in that they contain no vitamins or minerals * are non-nutritive, but protect our health in lots of ways - meaning they are neither vitamins nor minerals - only in foods that come from plants - part of the 'brave new world' of nutrition - plant chemicals that seem to have many health benefits - probably the least known and least understood of the antioxidants - substances which plants naturally produce * are the full array of chemicals found naturally in plants - latest weapon in the fight against disease - new stars of a healthful diet - next level in achieving overall good health - substances that naturally occur in plants * are what give oranges and cherries their sweet perfume-like essences - make peppers red or green * are, in the strictest sense of the word, chemicals produced by plants. * can also protect humans against a variety of diseases. * differ from vitamins and minerals in that they have no known nutritional value. * give colour, flavour and smell to plants. * help promote health and prevent disease. * interfere with cancer cell growth and reproduction. * occur naturally in plants. * offer no known nutritional value. * protect plants from everyday environmental hazards such as sunlight and fungus. * simply refers to chemicals found in plants. * term that simply means plant chemicals. * work in concert with other nutrients to protect against disease.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### phytochemical: Carotenoid * All carotenoids have long isoprenoid chains, with alternating double and single bonds. * Most carotenoids are highly unsaturated. * Some carotenoids act like chlorophyll b in passing their energy on to chlorophyll a - are fat-soluble * absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the spectrum. * act as antioxidants, protecting cells from free radical attack - reducing the risk of cancer * affect coloration and are also vital for maintaining a strong immune system. * also act as antioxidants in the bloodstream throughout the body - function as chain-breaking antioxidants * also play a major role in the biological coloration of animals - the photoprotection of cells and tissues - prevent every conceivable type of cancer * appear to work synergistically. * are a family of compounds with antioxidant activity - large class of yellow, red, and orange pigments derived from isoprenoids - able to absorb light across a wide frequency range * are also antioxidants - strong antioxidants that help to offset cell injury and damage - an important part of the photosynthetic complex of plants - antioxidants that help to strengthen the immune system by producing lymphocytes - eliminated via sweat , sebum , urine , and gastrointestinal secretions * are essential because they protect the body from chronic diseases, such as cancer - compounds for photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms - fat-soluble color pigments from fruits and vegetables - fat-soluble, which means they are better absorbed in the presence of oil or fat - generally yellow, orange, or red in color - highly unsaturated polyisoprene hydrocarbons that are lipid soluble * are important antioxidants that help to ensure the optimal health of the fish - factors in human health - in the body for the healing of the skin - pigments in photosystems, many fruits, flowers, crustaceans and salmon - known to work as a family to prevent disease - light-gathering agents in the pigments of eyes - natural antioxidants well known for their health promoting effects * are nutrients found plentifully in orange, yellow and dark green vegetables - typically in bright yellow and orange vegetables and fruits - often the major pigments in flowers and fruits - pigments found in deep orange, red and yellow fruits and vegetables * are pigments in birds, fish, insects, and other animals - foods responsible for many yellow, orange and red colors - that are present in most plants and have known antioxidant properties - plant pigments, responsible for the bright rosy color of tomatoes - present in certain orange, red, green, and dark yellow fruits and vegetables - primarily yellow in hue * are produced by a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, and green plants - from the general isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway * are responsible for many of the red, orange and yellow colours of vegetables and fruits - the orange colour of the fruit skin - synthesized from isoprenoid precursors * are the chemical pigments that produce yellow and orange - orange, yellow and red pigments in fruits and vegetables * are the pigments that appear as shades of yellow and orange - give certain fruits and vegetables their yellow and orange colors - which give fruits and vegetables their color - third major type of plant pigments - yellow pigments found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach - therefore what give modern carrots their orangey colour - typically yellow, orange, or red pigments - uniquely present in the true plants - well-known as the pigments that give red, orange and yellow vegetables their color - what give fruits and vegetables their yellow, orange and red colors - yellow to red pigments that are widely distributed in plants * are, therefore, absorbed more efficiently from cooked versus uncooked foods. * can be monocyclic, bicyclic or acyclic - help eliminate the cell-damaging free radicals that can lead to cancer * colour the fleshy tap root of carrots orange. * containing some oxygen are known as xanthophylls. * enhance vitamin E antioxidant activity. * have three functions that are essential for the well-being of living organisms. * help fill in the gap by strongly absorbing green light - retard the aging process as well as treat age-related diseases * improve cell to cell communication to help protect against cancer. * is antioxidant * make carrots orange, and fall leaves a beautiful array of colors. * produce the yellows, oranges, reds, and some of the blues and greens. * protect eyes. * provide fruits and vegetables their distinctive colors, odors and tastes. * represent a collection of two groups of pigments, carotenes, and xanthophylls - the most widespread group of naturally occurring pigments in nature * slow the growth of small cell lung cancer cells.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### phytochemical \| carotenoid: Lycopene * Some lycopene is available in fresh foods such as tomatoes, watermelons, grapefruit, and guavas. * are a part of the family of pigments called cartenoids - carotenoid pigments that color tomatoes red - chemical compounds - high in tomatoes, carrots, green peppers, apricots and pink grapefruit - natural carotenoids that are responsible for the red color in tomatoes - responsible for the red color of tomatoes Xanthophyll * are a fourth common class of pigments - also yellow - organic matter - oxygenated derivatives of carotenes - pigments known to reduce or prevent age-related eye problems * is the yellow pigment in chloroplasts. * produces the color yellow, and carotene, like that in carrots, produces yellow-orange - yellows, erithrosin and carotene the reds, and anthocyanin the blues	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### phytochemical: Flavonoid * Some flavonoids work like calcium channel blockers to regulate intracellular calcium levels. * act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana. * also are one of the most powerful antioxidants - present in vegetables, nuts and seeds - help prevent cell damage and improve the absorption of certain nutrients - improve the integrity of blood vessels, and they decrease inflammation - tend to lowerblood sugar, and thus glycation * apigenin and quercetin inhibit melanoma growth and metastatic potential. * are a class of water-soluble plant pigments - group of naturally occurring compounds found in red wine - primary reason that red wine appears to lower the risk of heart disease - special class of phytochemicals that includes hundreds of different compounds * are also an antioxidant that lessens the harmful effects of oxygen inthe body - important for human health - anti-inflammatory * are antioxidants found in many foods - red grapes, red wine, peanuts and citrus fruit - that protect cells from becoming damaged - by far the most comprehensively investigated natural products - chemicals that occur naturally in many foods, including wine - compounds found in many foods - important to diabetics - mainly yellow coloured and normally bound to sugars * are natural antioxidants - compounds found in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds * are natural substances also found in fruits and vegetables, acting as antioxidants - naturally-occurring plant compounds that have antioxidant properties - nonnutritive compounds with antioxidant properties, occurring in plant foods - nontoxic and are responsible for some flower colors in plants - one of the largest classes of phenolics - part of a broader group of compounds that have antioxidant activity - plant pigments which are responsible for the colors of many fruits and flowers - potent antioxidants that prevent the formation of free radicals * are powerful antioxidants found in tea, red wine, and certain fruits and vegetables - scavengers of free radicals - responsible for some of the anticancer benefits of fruits and vegetables - scavengers of superoxide anions - sensitive to light and absorb specific wavelengths - substances in plants that often have health benefits - the most abundant polyphenols in our diets - water-soluble and are found in the vacuoles of plant cells * can also attach themselves to proteins, modulating the action of enzymes - prevent the release of histamine which causes congestion * constitute one of the most characteristic classes of compounds in higher plants. * display a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory. * enhance vitamin C absorption and work with it to bolster capillary walls. * glycosides from Cassia alata. * have a long history of safety in Chinese medicine as well as in functional foods - primary function as antioxidants - some theoretical usefulness in the treatment of multiple sclerosis * help to keep the blood thin, working in a manner similar to aspirin. * improve capillary integrity and stabilize the collagen matrix. * inhibit infectivity of tobacco mosaic virus. * is pigment * make vitamin C more effective so that the body requires lesser amounts of it. * occur naturally in the cocoa plant as a way of protecting the plant. * pigments in swallowtail butterflies. * promote haustoria formation in the root parasite triphysaria versicolor. * protect against stroke - maize DNA from UV damage * provide flower petals with color, among other things. * reduce the mutagenicity of ofloxacin in Euglena gracilis. * scavenge free radicals and lessen the bad effects of inflammation. * suppress the formation of thrombus, cataracts and cancer causing cells.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Picture * Most pictures have color. * Some pictures have electron charge. * There are those who are adult. They should be able to decide for themselves what they want to see, and what they do not want to see. And then there are those who are not legally adult. This only seems to be about pictures. Pictures are there to illustrate the context of the article. So if you find one that does so badly, please consider discussing replacing it with a better one on the talk page of the respective article. In it, Theo van Gogh shows how women in Islam are humiliated. An outraged Muslim killed van Gogh for that movie. Our article links to the movie. No one ever complained. * A 'picture', also called an 'image', group of colored points on a flat surface that looks the same as something else. For example, a picture can look the same as an object or a person. Pictures can also be drawings, paintings or photographs. People who make such pictures are called artists, photographers or painters. Pictures are very helpful. Sometimes people say pictures are worth a thousand words. Pictures and diagrams can be used to explain how to do things, and thus a picture kind of tool. * are a useful medium for communicating abstract information - any type of graphic that can be placed in a QuarkXPress document - cartoons or other stereotypes - concrete representations of reality - illustrations * are located in attics - books - desktops - drawers - fridges - houses - newspapers - shelfs - suitcases - trunks - material representations or images of certain moments in time - objects, the residue - powerful media of communication - props in visual games of make-believe - situations - symbols or visual vehicles through which meaning is conveyed * are taken by photographers - professional photographers - wildlife photographers - the means of our expression - visual glossaries that provide information at the click of a mouse * can alter moods - help learners to understand what they read and also to remember it - often describe the relationship between objects better than a paragraph of words * explain differences. * exploit our natural abilities to quickly recognize and understand visual patterns. * feature patterns. - the power to stimulate wonder, awe, and amazement * illustrate arrangements - principles * includes sections. * is primary coding unit of a video sequence. * made with paint and brush are called 'paintings'. * make words. * new entertainment company specializing in Film and television productions. * often communicate much more vividly than words. * provide insight - visual cues which help children remember where items belong * show activities - appearances - areas - behaviour - color variation - depth - examples - facts - features - landscapes - locations - lock mechanisms - portraits - responses - size - specific features - true color - versions * taken by astronauts on the moon always show the moon sky to be black. + Picture, Making Pictures: Graphics * When there were no cameras, people made pictures by using paint, brushes, pencils, crayons, pens, and other things that people can write or draw with. Pictures made with paint and brush are called 'paintings'. Before cameras, some artists were able to make very real looking pictures with just paint. Sometimes pictures made with pencil or pen are called 'sketches', if they are made quickly and only look a little bit like the real thing.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### picture gallery: Salon * Some salons use a chemical process to start dreadlocks. * are galleries - living rooms * are located in castles - cities - malls - shopping malls - shops * are used for hair stylings - makeovers - manicures - shampoos * picture gallery + Pink salon, Inside a pink salon: Prostitution * The inside of a pink salon is usually dark, with quiet music. At the entrance customers must disinfect their hands and specially their nails if they are long. Most salons only allow entry to Japanese people and forbid entry to strangers. There are also snacks and beer free of charge. Alcoholic beverages must be paid for. ### picture gallery \| salon: Hair salon * are famous for clever names. * are located in hotels - mail - shopping centers - used for perms ### picture writing: Egyptian hieroglyph * Some Egyptian hieroglyphs are picture writing. * depict the same images carved in stone. Bitmap * are also compact representations of densely populated sets - computer displays - the graphics that compose of dots, or called pixels arranged in rows and columns * consist of tiny dots of color.<\|endoftext\|>### picture: Collage * Make rainforest collages from rainforest products - coffee, sugar, tea. * are collections. * can combine paint with papers, boards with wire, and silk with cotton - have two or three layers. * popular technique in modern art. When actual painting is included, or any other medium, the technique is classified as 'mixed media' * has many industrial applications, particularly in film and advertising - the potential to revolutionize the visual arts * is an art method that is executed poorly far more often than well - of reclamation that provides a creative alternative to disposing of objects - eighteen node linux cluster - secreted into the tissue by fibroblasts - software which allows users to simultaneously share information - the French word for stickingor gluing * means to piece together. * process of attaching various elements together to create a work of art. * retreat for the mind, body and soul. * singlepage image combined from several images like a puzzle. * synchronous collaborative data analysis tool for use over the Internet.<\|endoftext\|>### picture: Computer graphic * Every computer graphic is made up of a grid of pixels. * allow color images and animation in weather forecasts. * are any types of images created using any kind of computer - computer files - pictures, graphs and diagrams produced on a computer * broad domain touching many areas of our lives through computers everywhere. * can be alluring images for designers, clients and the general public. * create pictures of the heart. * depict the relationships between stable and unstable forces. * help illustrate how deoxyribonucleic acid codes genetics. * illustrate abstract concepts such as time, force, capacitance, and many others. * involves the creation of an artificial image by some algorithmic means. * is most appropritae way to visualize such kind of things - one of the most exciting and rapidly growing areas of computing today - the most versatile medium to ever be placed into the hands of visual artists - used in some form by nearly every industry in the world * lacks scientific foundation to make it an academic discipline. * play an important role in the visualization and understanding of molecules. * provide a system of image change that has no end. * show the direction and interaction of forces. + Computer vision: Computers * Computer vision is the opposite of computer graphics. Computer graphics makes new pictures from an idea, but computer vision makes an idea from pictures. * Computer graphics are very useful. Computer-generated imagery is used for movie making, video game and computer program development, scientific modeling, and design for catalogs and other commercial art. Some people even make computer graphics as art.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### picture: Digital picture * are large files, often in the megabyte range. * simulation about possible worlds. Electronic image * are the best way to store and view pictures. * make things come alive.<\|endoftext\|>### picture: Graphic * Explain the role of graphics in computing. * are a common way of bringing color into a Web site - very important part of web sites - an important part of most web sites - graphic art * are images such as clip art, word art, graphs, and charts - that are used in designing Web pages - instruments for reasoning about quantitative information - objects - one of the most important components of the communications industry - pictures that have been scanned and stored electronically * are the most complex functions that personal computers are called upon to handle - important part of hyperspace - useful tools for visualizing information - visual elements used to point readers and viewers to particular information * can include computer generated shapes, photographs and even animated graphics. * come in many forms, from photographic images to inexpensive clip-art. * consist of information on what color to display at a certain point in the image. * explain how mathematics can be used to develop spirals shapes. * fall into two categories, raster and vector. * file A file that contains digitized images. * generally refer to photos. * have relatively large areas of single colors like cartoons - their role in showing simple maps and objects * includes photographs, pictures, animations, movies, or drawings. * means graphic designers. * often have text embedded in objects. * play an important part in the design of Web pages.<\|endoftext\|>### picture \| graphic: Raster graphic * are faster to display but image quality suffers when they are scaled up or down - resolution-dependent * describe an image as an array of colored pixels. * draw an image as an array of colored dots called pixels. * use pixels to make up a larger image. + Computer graphics, Subsets of computer graphics, 2D graphics, Raster graphics * Raster graphics use pixels to make up a larger image. This does not mean the artist has to change a single pixel at a time - raster programs often have tools like paintbrushes, paint buckets, and erasers to make a picture. Corel Paint Shop Pro. These are often used as part of what the user sees when she uses a computer program.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### picture \| graphic: Vector graphic * allow image scaling without true loss in the image's integrity - viewers to magnify pages to more easily read text and view detailed graphics * are great because of their easy scaleability - line-based graphics * are more flexible than the common bitmaps that form most of the graphics on the Web - suited for line art, illustrations, type and flat-style artwork - much smaller than GIFs and JPGs - very smooth looking and can easily be resized without loss of image quality - well suited to computer handling because they can be mathematically manipulated * consists of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors. * create small files that can be scaled without affecting image quality. * define images through shapes and paths. * describe an image independent of the resolution of the final rendering device - images as outlines with filled regions of color * draw an image as lines, polygons and text. * produce high-quality animation at all resolutions, with very small file sizes. * require much less storage space than raster or bitmapped graphics. * retain their sharpness when enlarged or reduced. * tend to have much smaller file sizes than raster-based bitmaps. * use lines , shapes , and text to create a more complex image - mathematical descriptions instead of pixels - reference points that draw lines between two points + Computer graphics, Subsets of computer graphics, 2D graphics, Vector graphics * Vector graphics use lines, shapes, and text to create a more complex image. If a vector graphic image is made very big on the monitor, it will still be as good as its regular size. This is one of the reasons vector graphics are liked so much. Vector graphics are made with programs like Adobe Illustrator and Inkscape, and were used for some older computer games. Today, they are often used for when computer graphics have to be printed out. Iconography * consists of drawings of animals or objects. * represents emotions, spiritual essences, and the unseen forces experienced in dreams. ### picture \| inset: Dickey * are inserts - part of shirts * is an inset Panorama * are a unique variety of map that transcends the boundary between cartography and art - in essence the view from a single point in space out to a surrounding environment * contain bright and dark areas. * is imagery - magazines - newspapers * show ghosts or double images. Pentimento * Pentimenti are the changes in composition which a painter makes while producing a painting. * are paintings.<\|endoftext\|>### picture: Watercolor * are a brilliant and enchanting way of painting - art supplies - best when painted very thin - either transparent or opaque - in some ways the opposite of oils - landscapes and still- lifes - mood creators - often mixed in porcelain dishes used for palettes - pigment * can also come in a pencil form - come in dry cakes or tubes of paste-like color * delicate and transparent form of painting. * dry by evaporation involving no chemical reaction to alter the nature of the color. * favorite medium of botanical artists. * is more about light than is gouache. * refers only to the medium of watercolor paint - to aquarelle -transparent films of paint are applied to white, absorbing surfaces * teaches children to draw and use watercolors. * transparent medium. * useful technique for dealing with landscapes, still life and figure studies. ### picture \| watercolor: Gouache * are watercolors. * is an opaque watercolor mixed with a gum that produces an oil-like glaze - paint that works well for quick, fast-drying studies - meant to be used more thickly than traditional watercolors * looks darker when wet. * special type of paste that artists use to glaze their work.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### picturing: Portraiture * are depictions. * dates back even to the early Egyptian culture. * is the embodiment of a sensitive and stylized discipline in photography. * personal statement. * tries to project qualities, such as wisdom, strength, etc.<\|endoftext\|>### picturing: Tomography * comes from the Greek word tomos, meaning slice or section and graphia, meaning recording. * does show that slabs can bottom out and extend for thousands of km horizontally. * involves the use of X-rays to look inside an object. * is derived from the Greek word tomos, meaning section - expensive and so is heart surgery * is the reconstruction of a function from line integrals through the function - technique of studying hidden structures with a sequence of cross-sectional images * literally means visualization of slices. * prodcues a three-dimensional image of the Earth. * radiographic technique used in medial photography. * series of x-rays that focus on a specific level within the body. ### picturing \| tomography: Seismic tomography * is used to reveal deep structures of the lithosphere and mountain belts. * method for delineating the seismic wave- velocity within the earth.<\|endoftext\|>Pie * Most pies consist of a layer of pastry dough or a crumb mixture lining a pan with sloped sides. * A 'pie' way of cooking food. Pies have a pastry crust, either open top or closed top. Pies are baked, and often have a circlular or oval shape. * also have a high sugar content. * are best when baked and consumed within a few hours of production. * are proportional to the amount of developed land in the state - wetland loss * has spices. * have a pastry crust , either open top or closed top. * hold fruit, cream filling, custard filling and even different meat fillings. * is barn-raising home food - cooked when knife comes out clean when inserted into pie - full of apples, with the apples throughly cooked but still firm to the teeth - the object of the preposition of * typically contain cloves. ### pie: Apple pie * are especially good if made with a combination of butter and lard. * is pie ### pie \| tart: Quiche * are food. * freeze well before baking.<\|endoftext\|>Piece * are cases - creations - distance - helpings - items * are located in plates - puzzles - wholes * are part of collections - parts * are used for fixs * can break loose and travel to organs like the brain. + Chess, Rules, Capturing * Most pieces capture as they move. If a piece lands on an opponent's piece, the opposing piece is taken off the board - Movement * All pieces capture the same way they move, except pawns + Dido and Aeneas, Musical numbers: 17th century operas * The original manuscript does not exist. Research depends upon the earliest printed copies. Some pieces are believed missing. Sometimes music Purcell composed in the middle 1680s is put into the score to balance the loss. Sometimes the missing music is composed completely afresh in Purcell's style. + Middle C: Musical terminology :: Musical notation * It is also easy to recognize Middle C in notation. Pieces can start anywhere on the keyboard. + Samba, Traditional Brazilian instruments: Music genres :: Latin dances * The apito caller signals the end of one section and the beginning of the next by blasting a short call. Pieces always have clear beginnings and ends. + Tempo: Music theory * Pieces can alternate between tempos. ### piece: Chess piece * are earth-fired ceramics and the boards are made of wood. * are located in chess sets - chessboards - game rooms * are used for games - play Chessman * Chessmen come in different colours, including red and blue. * are men - part of chess sets Dishcloth * are a prime spot for bacteria to multiply. * is cloth Fantasia * Canadian company that sells sensual products and fine lingerie. * feature-length film that choreographs animation to music. * is supposed to delve into worlds through imagery and music.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### piece: Handkerchief * are accessories - located in purses * get ready to be stuffed in mouths. * includes hems - sections * is cloth ### piece \| handkerchief: Bandanna * are handkerchiefs - social critters * like to hang out with other bandannas. Largo * are musical compositions - passage * is home to some of the most beautiful beaches in the world - in the Tampa Bay area Motet * system for enabling written online discussions. * web-based conference system.<\|endoftext\|>### piece: Patch * are medicines that are placed on a patch - programs * contain habitats - potential habitats * cover areas. * have grind slopes - pigment * made of living cells grow with a child. * program to aid in patching programs. * show trends. * vary in size. + Patch, Cloth patches, For decoration * As well, many people wear patches on their regular clothing. Some patches are sold by tourist stores. These patches have the name of a region on them. Other patches worn by teenagers have the names and logos of rock bands on them. Motorcycle biker gang members, such as members of the Hells Angels wear patches on their leather vests that state the name of their gang and the logo of the gang - repairs: Clothing * Cloth patches are rectangles of cloth that are used to cover up holes in clothing and other fabric items. Patches are usually used on clothes and soft things like cushions, teddy bears and blankets. Patches are sewn on with a needle and thread or glued on using a hot iron ### piece \| patch: Brood patch * Some brood patches contain blood vessels - numerous blood vessels * Some brood patches have areas - skin Brown patch * factors Several factors can make grasses more susceptible to brown patch. * has a slimy appearance when it infects perennial ryegrass. * is one of the most prevalent lawn diseases during the spring or fall season. * is the most common and important disease of tall fescue in the Southeast - serious and frequently occurring disease of tall fescue * thrives in grass that is overfertilized with nitrogen. Dark patch * Some dark patches affect magnetism - terrestrial magnetism * are due to absorbing dust clouds. * can be the result of leaf shine or watering with cold water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### piece \| patch: Garden * Every garden needs sun, water and nutrients to help it grow. * Many gardens are in public places or private gardens which are open to the public - have cranes which symbolize immortality * Most gardens attract bees - birds - butterflies - hummingbirds * Most gardens consist of large rocks placed on top of sand or gravel - plants - contain plants * Most gardens have plants - trees - weeds - help health - possess spiders - produce food * Most gardens provide habitats - nectar sources - wildlife habitats - use water * Some garden snails use darts in reproduction. * Some gardens are built indoors in malls , public buildings , or greenhouses - businesses , which charge a fee to enter the garden - attract mammals - fill with flowers * Some gardens have conifers - dwarf conifers - hold barely enough soil to provide for a single plant - possess birds - require bees - use spring-type clothespins to tie the cauliflower leaves up * are a great way for parents to enhance their children's math skills - secondary source of infection - about believing in the future and the benefits of labor - dangerous places to be because they harbor serpents trying to seduce the senses * are located in backyards - fences - ground - parks - more than just plants * are near commercial potato fields - the houses and buildings or they are beside houses * are often bare of flowers because they are always getting picked - collections of plants, the emphasis is on the individual plants - one of the most loved places of faeries and they are often unsuitable for their needs - part of houses - plant communities, too - plots - powerful ways to do good for the earth - still symbols of order - subject to all of the risks of bugs, drought and often short growing seasons * are used for decoration - relaxation - vegetation - deer - songbirds * benefit animals. * bring health in ways other than providing herbs, fruits and vegetables. * can be therapeutic for people - include vegetables, flowers and landscapes - restore communities, bring neighbors together, and help everyone find common ground - take many shapes and forms - teach children about history, economics, poetry, and math * change annually so there is always something new to see, rain or shine. * come in all sorts of shapes and sizes. * connect people, times and latitudes. * consist of beds - specimens * develop over time as a response to the interaction between soil, climate and culture. * essentially divide between the dry landscape and the pond garden types. * feed butterflies. * flourish in temperate climates. * get pests. * grow and humans are alive. * have benefits - drainage - good drainage - impact - lawns - many benefits - papaya trees - potential * include flower plants - invasive weeds - many such plants - mound plants - turnips * often attract a variety of wildlife, including birds, butterflies, and small mammals. * play a critical role in reducing risks associated with inclement weather all over the world. - worms - tomatoes * provide food - functions - same functions * receive light. * require attention - maintenance - minimal attention * smell sweetest when the air is mild and moisture is high. + Garden, Gardens compared with farms * Farms are businesses which sell the crops, fruit, and vegetables that are produced. Some gardens are businesses, which charge a fee to enter the garden. However, private gardens in people's backyards are used as a hobby or as a recreation, not as a business - Types of gardens: Home :: Leisure :: Plants * There are many types of gardens. People have small private gardens in the backyard outside their house. Some gardens are built indoors in malls, public buildings, or greenhouses. Greenhouses are special buildings where plants are grown. A greenhouse has a transparent glass or plastic roof and walls that let sunlight in	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### piece \| patch \| garden: Botanic garden * Most botanic gardens can only maintain a tiny sub-sample of a species' genetic diversity. * Some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections. * have an important role in studying and conserving rare plants. Butterfly garden * Most butterfly gardens provide habitats. * are a popular way to attract wildlife to nearly any yard or patio - easy to plant * attract other wildlife, primarily birds and bees. * benefit animals. * provide habitat and food for butterflies and caterpillars<\|endoftext\|>### piece \| patch \| garden: Community garden * Many community gardens have very acidic soils that result in reduced production. * are centers of community education, community life and community space - neighborhood open spaces managed by and for the members of the community - part of the concept of providing open space in an urban environment - public gardens set up in vacant lots, city parks, or empty fields - vital members of communities throughout the United States * can also contribute greatly to a physically and mentally healthy lifestyle. * help green the environment and make families more self-sufficient. * transform empty lots into green, living spaces. Container garden * are a great way to plant flowers. * can also attract butterflies and hummingbirds successfully. * come in all shapes and sizes. Formal garden * are gardens. * tend to symbolize human power or man's desire to control and improve nature. Herb garden * are a natural and healthy hobby * display annual and perennial herbs. * thrive on good soil with good drainage. Home garden * Most home gardens contain at least some toxic or poisonous plants. * are exclusively the domain of women, and are of great importance to households. * grow a variety of fruit trees and flowers. * make more attractive streets, neighborhoods, and cities. Hydroponic garden * are clean, pesticide free, easy to maintain and inexpensive to set up - one of the oldest forms of gardens, dating back to the Aztec era * great way to produce food in space. * used in space have the potential for feeding astronauts for many days.<\|endoftext\|>### piece \| patch \| garden: Japanese garden * are closely related to ink paintings, in which line plays a major role - legendary throughout the entire world * emphasise the use of rocks to create three dimensional pictures in stone. + Garden, Features of gardens: Home :: Leisure :: Plants * In addition to plants, many gardens also have landscaping features such as pathways, seats, rock gardens, ponds, fountains, a small stream with or without a waterfall. Some incorporate gazebos and structural designs to accommodate for places to sit or to place a hammock for a siesta. Roman gardens will have its own columns, fountains and statures placed at strategic places depending on its sizes and uses. Japanese gardens have their own unique designs and features. Orchard * Most orchards are in isolated rural areas with access only over poor roads - on slopes near lakes * Most orchards contain apple trees * Some orchards protect trees. * are farmland - wooded areas * have trees that are spaced uniformly. * produce crops such as macadamia nuts and avocados. * require maintenance. ### piece \| patch \| garden \| orchard: Orange grove * Most orange groves require two and a half to three acre feet per acre per year. * is an orchard * turn to banana plantations, which give way to dense tropical rainforest. Pecan orchard * are on flood plains. * span the entire southern United States. Organic garden * are one way to help people find uncontaminated food. * have potential. Rock garden * Most rock gardens contain alpine and sub-alpine plants from the world's mountain ranges. * Some rock gardens have conifers - dwarf conifers - the laboratories of the world s high places * can be labor intensive, with weed control the biggest problem.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### piece \| patch \| garden: School garden * add to a child's education in a number of ways. * can serve as a tool to teach nutrition education related to fruits and vegetables. Shade garden * are places of special, quiet beauty. * tend to stay moist and are more susceptible to root and plant rot. Topiary * Topiaries are art - gardens - come in many sizes and shapes * involves pruning trees and shrubs into geometric or animal shapes. Vegetable garden * are as diverse as family size and preferences. * are located in backyards - ranchs - soil - probably no more common on large farms than they are in the suburbs - used for eating * die in rows as the roots are destroyed. * have bugs - impact * use significant amounts of water, too. Water garden * Most water gardens utilize floating plants, which are rooted in the bottom. * are healthier in sunny locations - the most popular and the fastest growing type of gardening * can provide a vital habitat for birds, fish, insects and various amphibians. * introduce sound and texture into the landscape and attract wildlife. Woodland garden * Many woodland gardens rely on native perennials and shrubs. * depend on random plantings of shade loving plants. ### piece \| patch \| macula: Lentigo * Lentigines see age spots - usually appear later in life and can occur in all skin types * Many lentigines indicate excessive photodamage and increased risk of sun-induced skin cancer.<\|endoftext\|>### piece \| patch \| macula: Liver spot * Some liver spots are part of elephants - necks - pachyderms - penises * are a natural form of protection provided to cell damaged skin over-exposed to sunlight - different than freckles - diseases - normally a uniform brown color and are uneven or irregularly shaped - part of skin - pigmentary changes associated with senile skin - sun-induced lesions that are almost universal signs of aging * can cause severe defoliation, particularly during prolonged periods of wet weather. * shape themselves, islands of pigment in yellow tinted skin. Nicotine patch * are an example of how patch technology can deliver substances into the body. * contain various doses of nicotine. * provide a measured dose of nicotine through the skin. * reveal how absorbent our skin is. Signal patch * are separate patches of sequence that interact by folding. * dictate direction and placement of proteins in the membranes themselves. Summer patch * devastating disease that occurs during hot, dry periods. * is caused by a fungus that lives in the soil and attacks the roots - root pathogen Testosterone patch * are under investigation, and undergoing clinical trials. * boost hormone levels and improve function in elderly. Rag * are absorbent and can be washed and reused - the clothes of beggers - worn-out clothes * includes hems - sections * is cloth ### piece \| rag: Cotton rag * absorb linen. * comes from the part of the cotton plant that is used for textile manufacture. Sail * Most sails fill with wind - have shapes - resist gravitational forces * also employ spars and battens to determine shape in the axis perpendicular to the mast. * are capable of raiseds. * are part of sailboats - sailing vessels - structures - used in sailing * catch wind. * derive power from wind that varies in time and with height above the surface. * have differences - important differences - sections * resist forces * serve functions - purposes ### piece \| sail: Royal * are sails - stags * usually adopt a single name. + Mononymous person: Names * Royals usually adopt a single name. Sometimes, a numeral is added.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### piece \| sail: Solar sail * are gigantic sheets of highly reflective but wafer-thin material - spacecraft that use the push of photons emitted by the sun for propulsion - the only drive that can be mounted in addition to traditional engines * develop thrust from the pressure exerted on the film by reflected sun light. * produce thrust by reflecting sunlight. ### piece \| sheet music: Musical score * are text. * is sheet music Shred * includes hems - sections * is an amount Snip * are also the basis of a fashionable new approach to drug design known as pharmacogenomics - pieces - shears * can enter into one or both nostrils, or extend to the lip. Swatch * are a more reliable method of matching or choosing colors than doing so on-screen - also helpful in determining colors - companies - used to communicate colors accurately * is cloth Towel * Most towels are used by people. * are capable of dry hair. * are located in backpacks - closets - cupboards - dryers - gyms - hotels - locker rooms - motels - roofs - swimming pools * are used for cleaning - drying hair - wipings * includes hems - sections * is cloth * soak in hot water ### piece \| towel: Paper towel * Most paper towels soak in water. * absorb moisture readily and can be continually replaced also. * are located in cabinets - grocery stores - pantries - preferable to linen handkerchiefs - to be used for drying hands * can serve as the floor covering. Wet towel * are very efficient for smothering fires - small fires * work best Close windows and doors in buildings or vehicles. ### piece \| virtu: Intellectual virtue * are superior to moral virtues. * assumes moral good quality and is divided into practical and theoretical wisdom. * presupposes moral virtue and is divided into practical and theoretical wisdom. Military virtue * is selfless, sacrificing personal ambition, even life itself, to the common good. * quality of standing Armies only, but they require it the most.<\|endoftext\|>### piece \| virtu: Moral virtue * are means between extremes - praiseworthy characteristics that include generosity and self-control * forms a good action according to reason in a given circumstance of one's life. * involves the formation of character. * is acquired and formed by repeated morally good acts - an expression of character, formed by habits reflecting repeated choices - determined by the mean - perfected through habit * is the appropriate location between two extremes - habituation of pleasure and pain * mean between excesses, a balance point - two extremes, the one involving excess and the other deficiency True virtue * entails finding a mean or balance between the intellectual and moral aspects of virtue. * is motivated by values that are outside the child. * is the expression of the disposition of created being - property of the aristocratic few whose power and well being are the goal * occurs when actions flow forth naturally and without conscious effort or thought. Pillow case * are located in bedrooms - beds - drawers - pillows - sacks * are used for burning - decoration ### pink color: New copper * pink color. + Copper: Chemical elements :: Metals * Some small pieces of copper in a tube. New copper is a pink color. The color changes to the more orange colour that many people have seen soon when new copper is left in air.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Pitch * Most pitches perceived in everyday and musical sounds are virtual pitches. * are created through the vibration of the vocal chords in the human throat - the components of innings * can be a verb, a noun, and is the stem of many other words. * changes colour to reflect conditions. * corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the sound being perceived. * dark coloured resinous substance that was once used to caulk seams in wooden ships. * defines typefaces horizontally, by the number of characters that can fit in an inch. * depends on the frequency of a sound wave. * description of how densely information is cut into a disc. * has to do with the angle of the propeller blades. * indicates the frequency of the sound, or how far apart or close together the waves are. * is an aid in marking off the identity of something, the result of a physical action - important measurement baseline when upgrading or replacing a propeller - approachs - connected to counting - controlled by opening and closing the vocal cavity * is controlled by the frequency of the vibrations - speed of vibration * is determined by the fundamental frequency of a tone - length of the tongue * is determined by the number of variations per second of a sound - vibrations per second of a sound - different levels of tones in spoken communication - due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords - employed in a number of formulations for treating walls, floors and roofs against damp - expressed in terms of the number of tufts per inch - gradients - how humans hear different frequencies - human perception of the fundamental frequency of sound wave - measured in frequency of sound vibrations per second - movement around the horizontal aaxis - one of the three subjective attributes of sound - our subjective perceptual experience of frequency - positions * is related to frequency - number of waves that pass a given point per unit time - how long the vibrating column is - intensity - the frequency of the sound wave - simply the rate at which vibrations are produced - studied as it relates to properties of the sound source * is the angle between a line in a plane and the horizontal, measured in the plane - the sun and the telescope pointing - leaning forward or backward - distance from one hill to the next measured parallel with the shaft * is the high and low extent of a cymbal's sound - highness or lowness of a sound - horizontal spacing of characters measured in the number of characters per inch * is the length of a row in bytes - per winding - listener's subjective interpretation of speech's average frequency - perception of how high or low a voice is - perceptual correlate of frequency - psychological response to frequency - rate of vibration - ratio of vertical rise to horizontal run - sap or crude turpentine that exudes from the bark of pines - sound a frequency produces - spacing of the rivets on the chain - theoretical forward movement that a propeller travels during one revolution - up and down motion of an airplane - y axis and determines how high it is placed in space - throws * is used as an adhesive - for repairing ships - in languages in several different ways, including stress , intonation and tone - to close wounds in the bark to prevent water loss - what is perceived of the frequency and psychoacoustical attribute - when the nose of an aircraft moves up or down * lister's subjective interpretation of the sound's frequency. * petroleum by-product which is the base material for coal tar, asphalt and bitumen. * refers to how steeply an aircraft is pointed, rotating about an axis through the wings - the degree our voices are high or low * refers to the number of bytes in a row of pixels * sensation that results from psychological response to frequency. * thick, black, sticky material. * waterproof covering. + Sound, Sound, Pitch and Intensity: * Pitch' is the highness or lowness of sound. Pitch is how humans hear different frequencies. Frequency is determined by the number of vibrations per second. The highest key on a piano, for instance, vibrates 4,000 times per second. Lower keys have lower frequencies. A note an octave higher than another note has twice the frequency of that note.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### pitch: Alto * are located in choirs - symphonies - personal computers - products - singers - used for computation * is pitch Baseball pitch * Any baseball pitch begins with how the pitcher grips the ball. * range from slow to medium, fast and very fast.<\|endoftext\|>### pitch: Dot pitch * indicates how closely the pixels are spaced apart on the screen. * is measured in millimeters and, in general, smaller is better - often the reason why a computer monitor is so expensive or so cheap * is the distance between individual pixel elements of the screen that produce the picture - two like-colored phosphor dots * measures how far apart the individual dots of the same color are on the monitor's screen - the space between pixels * refers to the distance between two same-colored red, green or blue phosphor screen dots. * relates directly to the image quality of a monitor. Treble * also have a tendency to snag on weeds, rocks, and submerged logs. * are warm and smooth. Placement * are activities - contact - in settings in which working with children is the primary activity - positions * is an assessment of a student's level of preparation in a subject. * longstanding measure of accountability in career and technical education. * measures the number of program completers placed in employment - or percentage of people employed at the end of a program * refers to the schedule of time that a child spends with the respective parents. ### placement: Compactness * is solidity - spacing * results in conformal deformations of Riemannian metrics on manifolds with boundaries.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement: Concentration * Most concentration affects prolactin production - changes over time - decreases solubility * Some concentration affects photosynthesis - increases conductivity * Some concentration inhibits cell growth - kills microbes - relates to pollutant exposure * affects accumulation - components - functions - intensity - light penetrations - the rate of chemical and physical change * also are high in other diseases, most of which primarily affect the heart and kidney. * are always ratios of solute to solvent - higher in the brain, liver, heart and kidneys - in micrograms per cubic meter of pumped air - much lower deep in aquifers where oxygen is absent - the mean of replicate samples collected from three lysimeters * brings out millions of individual spots of light. * can also refer to a specific part of a molecule - move rapidly from one continent to another * causes brain stimulation and makes the individual more receptive to learning. - with altitude * comes from relaxation. * contains nutrients that are used in the brain to produce essential neurotransmitters. * corresponds to forces. * decrease rapidly with depth. * deteriorates with lower body temperatures. * differ according to tissue type, physiological age, plant health and nutrition. * does have a bearing on the various levels of hypnosis. * drop off rapidly, however, in the stratosphere. * entails focusing our attention completely on a subject, emotion, thought, or idea. * exceeds certain limits * form of mindfulness. * generally refers to the amount of solute contained in a certain amount of solution. * has nothing to do with frenzy, or torpor, or semi-consciousness - two enemies, mental agitation, or busyness, and mental torpor, or numbness * increases probability of reaction. * involves effort, and effort involves tension - which negates psychic receptivity. * is affected by animal activity and building ventilation. * is an acquired power, and anyone with normal intelligence can master it - art form - important skill in Magic - invaluable element of learning - assemblies - binding thought in place - compactness - difficult to maintain while in pain - directed mental energy - fascination of the mind - itself the means to overcome the subtle levels of negativities in our minds - made easier by positive thoughts - mass per volume unit * is measured in tablets per liter of solution and is easily dissolved - various ways - mental focussing - merely the practice of focusing the mind single-pointedly on an object - on the nutrient requirements of the human body throughout life - properties * is the ability to focus and listen to the calming voice of the universe - in on what is important and block out everything else - focused awareness - think about absolutely nothing when it is absolutely necessary - amount of solute in a solution - basis of meditation - familiar game of turning over pairs of tiles to find matching items - first step toward conquering the mind - inward focusing of thoughts to materialize an idea * is the key mental skill to gymnastics excellence and mental toughness - swimming excellence and mental toughness - law of the time - lens - number of particles in a volume of space - only universal defining characteristic of aesthetic experience - percentage of metalworking concentrate in the mix - practice of focussing the mind single-pointedly on a single object - prime and sole element of strength - process of selecting certain inputs for inclusion in the focus of experience - source of deep feelings of satisfaction, contentment, and pleasure - state of being relaxed and alert to the changing environment - viewed as a way of becoming in tune with the sixth sense - when no afflictions arise from within - why some athletes are better than others * leads to fatigue. * means a measure of the amount of a substance contained per unit volume of air - strength of mind * measure of diversity - the higher the concentration, the lower the diversity. * mental discipline that is essential for good studying. * occurs differently for different people at different times of the day. * occurs in areas - certain areas - pollute areas * portion of meditation. * reaches certain levels - low levels - toxic levels - unhealthy levels * refers to amount in a given volume of solution - an exposure level - mental faculty of exclusive attention on an object * requires willpower to force the mind to focus on an entity. * source of spiritual strength. * static process. * tend to be low in leaves because nitrate reductase enzyme levels are high there. * type of mental stamina. * vary with the phase of the menstrual cycle. + Provincial city (Vietnam), Administration units * Each city has smaller level administrative units, including the districts, wards, communes, and areas. Concentration is usually in the inner city, including more people, with closer living. The country districts have less people.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| concentration: Acidity * Most acidity causes irritation - skin irritation * Some acidity causes death. * affects cation exchange and the chemical form of minerals. * also mobilizes some metals such as radium, copper, zinc, nickel and lead - preserves the freshness and allows the wine to keep * balances the body and offers live aftertaste. * can also modify ecosystem processes such as decomposition and the flow of nutrients - balance sweetness, and is necessary for wines to age well - cause paper, cloth, and leather to become brittle and discolour - hide sweetness - result in irreparable damage to paper such as yellowing and increase the brittleness * desirable characteristic in coffee. * has significantly affected water quality and fish species in certain streams. * helps to maintain balance and structure throughout the distillation process. * increases as the pH gets lower. * is akin to the dryness of wine - also important in terms of structure - an indication of the absence of lime or other alkaline material - characteristic of high-grown coffees - due to the release of organic acids during anaerobic decomposition - measured by pH, the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a liquid * is measured on a scale called pH, as shown in the figure below * is measured on the pH scale - per-hydrogen, or pH scale - using the pH scale - with a pH meter or with pH paper strips - needed to balance the other flavours of fruit and sweetness * is one of the primary traits of wines that age well - worst enemy of paper which can be removed by de-acidification - primary cause of paper deterioration - probably the most important single factor affecting the permanence of archival materials - reduced by the volatilization and denitrification of nitrogen - sour * is the fertile soil for parasites and degenerative diseases - sharp, lively quality of all high-grown coffees - true measure of a coffee's ultimate taste * is used as a proxy for volcanic eruptions - to keep the wine from becoming flabby * often points to industrial pollution. * refers to the ease with which a compound donates a hydrogen ion. * regulates the solubility of many minerals. * runs right through the fruit, prolonging the fruit flavors in the mouth. * tends to have a much higher incidence in highly emotional and nervous individuals. ### placement \| concentration \| acidity: Gastric acidity * converts the cyst back into the active form. * influences the blood response to a beta-carotene dose in humans. * plays an important role in preventing cholera infection. High acidity * can be okay in white wines, but is very disrupting in red wines. * combined with the presence of dissolved gases makes the source corrosive. * dissolves many fibers and dyes.<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| concentration \| acidity: Soil acidity * affects many other crops as well. * determines flower colour in some varieties. * encourages mineral decomposition and the overall development of the soil profile. * has a significant impact on the availability of nutrients. * is adjusted upward by adding liming materials to the soil - measured using a pH scale - natural or comes from acid rain, heavy use of fertilizers - serious in tidal swamps because of acid sulfate soils * main cause of reduced productivity in farmland. * major contributor to soil degradation and reduced plant production - environmental stress factor which limits the growth of most crops * perennial problem because of Mississippi's warm, rainy climate. Tart acidity * dominates light fresh-fruit sweetness. * surrounds fresh if rather simple cherry fruit on the palate.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| concentration: Alkalinity * Most alkalinity is in the bicarbonate form. * affects the availability of plant nutrients, especially iron. * can be a major problem in the North Carolina, especially in the coastal plains region - an indication of the presence of lime * dries the skin and bacteria thrive in alkalinity. * favors the rapid multiplication of microbes, whereas acidity opposes it. * fights colds, bacteria and increases oxygen to the cell. * function primarily of carbon dioxide concentration in the water sample. * helps control the pH of water. * indicates the buffering capacity of natural waters. * is also significant in determining the suitability of water for irrigation - an important concept in understanding the effects of acid rain - countered by acid - different from basicity, which is directly related to the p H - expressed either as a pH or as titratable alkalinity in the form of bicarbonates - important in container production, much less so in field production - just one factor that goes into the pricing of paper - primarily a function of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide content of the water - related to the buffering capacity, or pH stability of the pond - significant in many uses and treatments of natural waters and wastewater * is the ability of a natural water to neutralize acid - to neutralize acids - capacity of the lake water to neutralize acidity - measure of the capacity of water to accept protons or to neutralize a strong acid * locks up iron needed for green color. * marker for the ability a body of water had to resist damage from acid rain. * measure of a water's capacity to neutralize acids. * measure of the ability of the water to resist a change in pH when an acid is added - buffered condition of water - capacity of water to neutralize acids - proton-accepting capacity of a solution - resistance of stream waters to acidity - water's ability to neutralize acidity * refers to how well a water body can neutralize acids. * refers to the acidity of the soil - capability of water to neutralize acid * shows interplay of organic carbon diagenesis and interactions with the sediments. * test of the pH of water. ### placement \| concentration \| alkalinity: High alkalinity * can significantly increase the root medium pH over time. * interferes with the bonding chemistry of most finishing sealants. Low alkalinity * can result in corrosion and discomfort to bathers. * is the main indicator of susceptibility to acid rain. * lakes and wetlands are the ecosystems most prone to accumulation of methylmercury. Total alkalinity * is the sum of carbonate and bicarbonate ions reported in ppm. * measure of the amount of alkaline materials in the water. Ambient concentration * Most ambient concentration affects prolactin production. * affects production Arsenic concentration * appear to be lower in the Southeast, based on a smaller amount of data. * are generally highest in groundwater - usually highest in groundwater * exceeds limits. Atmospheric concentration * Some atmospheric concentration affects photosynthesis. * are, for the most part, very low. Chlorine concentration * are high in the blood, while sodium varies. * vary according to the distance from the point of chlorine application. Contaminant concentration * affect the propensity for nonbreeding. * vary from season to season and from watershed to watershed - over time and space Elevate concentration * Most elevate concentration occurs in pollute areas. * occurs in areas Enzyme concentration * can, in theory, identify individuals at risk. * change in response to different metabolic needs. Flux density * is concentration - density * is the flux per unit frequency interval - physical unit used for point sources - ratio of flux to the area through which the flux passes	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| concentration: High concentration * HIGH concentrations cause central nervous system depression. * affects functions. * applied to skin can cause blistering. * are destructive of mucous membranes. * are extremely destructive to tissues of the mucous membranes - the skin and eyes - flammable and can be poisonous - found in the terminal ileum and colon, being maximal in the rectum - hazardous for people with heart and respiratory ailments - very destructive of mucous membranes * can also affect the lung. * can cause headache, dizziness, narcosis and nausea - lung damage - suffocation - create a reaction with ammonia resulting in damaged metals - have a narcotic effect * cause a discoloration referred to as extractive bleeding. * produce narcosis and hypoglycemia. * remove all microorganisms but destroy the appearance of the fillets. * stimulate ethylene production.<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| concentration: Higher concentration * appear to be more effective in promoting hair growth. * can cause a laxative affect and produce a bitter taste - burns, pulmonary edema and death - dizziness, headaches and fatigue - increased heart rate, pulse pressure and blood pressure - nausea and headaches - the lungs to fill with fluid, resulting in death - vomiting, convulsions, coma, and death - occur when conditions are favorable - produce central nervous system depression, narcosis, and unconsciousness - result in unconsciousness, respiratory paralysis, and death * cause rapid circulatory in- sufficiency leading to a coma and death. * contribute to longer shelf life. * mean more reactions between molecules for faster reactions. * raises welfare as a consequence of coordination economies. * tell cancer cells to kill themselves. Homocysteine concentration * are higher in men than women. * rise with falling renal function. Increase concentration * affects components. * decreases solubility. Intense concentration * can burn as many calories as physical exercise. * is used to focus as much strength as possible on the object of impact. Market concentration * can be a key indicator of competitive pricing. * is common in information technology. Mental concentration * can lead to an apparent increase in weight, as well as efficacy. * is only a vague memory. Molality * Molalities are concentration. * is concentration * is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solvent - solute per kilogram of solvent - solute per liter of solvent * uses mass rather than volume and uses solvent instead of solution. Nitrate concentration * Most nitrate concentration reaches levels - toxic levels * appear to have increased, while sulfate concentrations have decreased. * are lower in deeper wells and higher in shallow wells. * is highest in young plants and decreases as the plant matures - related in general to fertilizer and water usage * rise and fall with stream flow response to storms. * tend to be highest near the water table and diminish with depth. * vary in different parts of the plant. Nutrient concentration * are low where phyto-plankton abundance is high - thousands of times higher in sediments than in overlying waters * vary in most organic waste products - temporally - widely with the kind of animal they are from Oxygen concentration * Some oxygen concentration uses in experiments. * is measured by a standard zirconia oxygen sensor - using a galvanic fuel cell - recorded on a strip chart Plasma concentration * are linearly related to the administered dose. * correlate with effect in both young and elderly patients. * decline in a biphasic manner - multiexponential fashion Right concentration * develops naturally in the wake of strong mindfulness. * makes it possible for the mind to stretch. Salt concentration * Most salt concentration decreases solubility. * can build up in the soils due to decreased water availability. * reaches certain levels	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| concentration: Sediment concentration * Some sediment concentration affects growth. * is derived from the amplitude of the reflected signal. Spatial concentration * depresses the rate of formation of new firms relative to dispersed industries. * is defined by geography or residential patterns. Stress concentration * Most stress concentration leads to fatigue. * arise at the contact between grains. * result from poorly designed tools that exert pressure on the palms or fingers. Titer * are concentration. * decline over years. * drops steadily and lysate is nearly unusable after a month. * is concentration * refer to the amount of blood that can be diluted until no more antibodies are present in it. * slowly rises, evens off, then falls as antibodies bind to antigen or break down. ### placement \| concentration \| titer: Antibody titer * is amount of antibody present in serum. * peak one to two weeks after the onset of clinical disease. Elevated titer * are strongly suggestive of recent or current infection with group A streptococci. * can persist for months after acute infection. Total concentration * exceeds limits. * means total freedom of mind.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement: Distance * All distances are proportional to their actual size within the genome. * Help children learn a basic math skill, estimating distance, with a simple trundle. * Refers to the relative positions of two opposing fencers. * Reports the distance between the last two picked atoms. * Some distance learning technologies use analog transmissions and some use digital. * alone makes planet and sun dwindle. * also affects our ability to resolve the angular separation of a given orbital radius - trade patterns - factor affecting demand - increases our sense of helplessness and fear - play a key role in determining size and type of wiring * apart is measured from the center of the plant. * are great in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. * are in Angstroms - earth radii - light years and times in years - miles and kilometres - true along the equator and other parallels * collapses, and horizons merge. * comes in layers, with mountainous curves winding their way through space. * concern for genetic reasons. * cues Distance cues allow the listener to determine the proximity of the sound. * depend on light conditions. * depends on group energy levels. * does increase resistance, thereby reducing conductance. * equals the product of rate and time. * factor in people's willingness to use the shuttle bus system. * function of the phase difference - velocity * has a marked effect on noise levels - no affect on the energy * increases with darker polygons. * is also a function of swing weight and overall weight - an integral type that is large enough to represent the value last - first - created by withholding something - defined to be the magnitude or size of displacement between two positions - described as a stated number of words - different from displacement - expressed as miles of travel * is how far it is between two points - straight forward it the plane traveled - indifference - intervals * is measured as the proportion of mismatched loci between pairs of ETs - by the number of days it took to walk from one place to another - from the approximate center of a community or place * is measured in base pairs - centimorgans - feet, miles, nautical miles, meters, and kilometers - kilometers, speed signs are in kilometers per hour * is measured in miles, feet, and inches - weight in pounds and ounces, and height in feet and inches - minutes rather than miles - using the Euclidean metric - obtained as a function of the time taken by the wave to hit a surface and come back - quantities - regions - related to color of the surface - relative to the squareness of contact - safe on most plants and beneficial insects - spacing * is the actual path length traveled by a moving object - answer in a grammar * is the distance between the observer and the galaxy - linear measure along a line - primary factor in reducing the strength of a magnetic field - relative distance between the positions of opponents - space the object moves * is time intervals - whereas a surface is apprehended more in terms of the moment * learning over the Internet can involve many different technologies. * makes little difference in the time, cost or speed of getting information - the bird fly farther, or Discrimination of auditory distance cues by songbirds * means time as well as space. * measure of the space between two things. * measured in fractions of a parsec usually involve objects within the same star system. * metaphor for indifference or worse. * normally change over time. * obliterates vision with the result that the otherwise visible world becomes invisible. * ratio scale, and there are others. * refers to the distance a load is moved by the force. * relative concept in more ways than one. * scalar and always positive, equal to the absolute magnitude of r - quantity representing the interval between two points - quantity, it number given in some units * shrink under the pressure of the internet, cell phones, and e-mail. * tends to dilute the concentration of fission products in the atmosphere. * vary according to the number of sows and total number of animal units. + Distance, Displacement: Math stubs :: Physical quantity :: Mathematics * Distance is different from displacement. Displacement is the difference between a starting point and a finishing point. + Parsec: Astronomical distances :: Units of length	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| distance: Altitude * also affect the temperatures. * is elevation<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| distance \| altitude: Density altitude * crucial criterion that determines the performance capabilities of an aircraft. * is affected by barometric pressure , humidity and temperature. * is pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature - nonstandard temperature * is the altitude at which the aircraft thinks it is and performs accordingly - density expressed if feet instead of grams per cubic centimeter + Altitude, Altitude in aviation and in spaceflight: Aviation :: Physical geography * The density of the air also affects how well an aircraft works. Density altitude is affected by barometric pressure, humidity and temperature. This most often affects helicopters or an aircraft that is carrying a large amount of cargo.<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| distance \| altitude: High altitude * Some high altitude lakes provide trout fishing in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela. * affects the rising time of yeast bread doughs as leavening gases expand more quickly. * are colder than low altitudes. * can affect the brain, creating confusion, bad judgement, and other problems - also boost a runner's performance * can cause breathing problems, even in young people - dizziness, fatigue and nausea * causes dizzinesses. * coupled by direct sunlight accelerates dehydration. * is more than lack of oxygen. * make for short growing seasons. * mean less atmosphere to filter out UV rays. * tempers the climate, the vineyards are warm by day and cool by night. * tend to have less problems with malaria. Higher altitude * affect most people to some degree. * creates a decreased tolerance for alcohol. * increase the chance of poor combustion. * tend to have lower insect populations, and hence less risk of insect bites.<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| distance: Clearance * also occurs in nature through floods, storms, earthquakes, and fires. * is decreased by liver disease, pregnancy, and contraceptive use - in humans after repeated administration * is increased by smoking - in children - intervals - license - predominantly by hepatic metabolism - separation * is the intrinsic ability of the body to remove a drug - volume of plasma cleared of a substance as it passes through the kidney * measure of the free play exhibited by a unit under test.<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| distance \| clearance: Creatinine clearance * critical factor in opioid clearance. * is calculated on the basis of the surface area of the patient - computed between serum creatinine pairs, and can change between doses - difficult to measure in outpatients - helpful in determining and adjusting some medications doses - most sensitive measure of kidney function in carboplatin-treated patients - used as an index of glomerular filtration - very low * more accurate test to determine how well the kidneys are working. Renal clearance * involves both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. * is minimal for theophylline.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| distance: Distance learning * appears to be most prevalent in higher education. * can be an important solution to the problems of access that adult learners face - strengthen the perception that more scrutiny of outcomes is needed * case in point. * complex process between two departments within the same university. * concept of a teacher in one place teaching to a remote site. * decouples the notion that learning occurs within a fixed setting, the school. * enables people to study at home, to save time and money. * flexible form of education because it creates options to learning. * formal educational process that breaks the mold of the traditional classroom. * gives individuals more opportunities to get an education. * good choice for people who are good at learning independently. * has a long history and has used many of the earlier non-computing technologies - significant potential to reduce capital costs - considerable history in American education - many forms - the potential to facilitate college-high school articulation * implies that there separation of instructor and student. * increases access to higher education and professional training. * involves bringing teaching and learning together through technology - learning from resources outside the classroom, namely computers - taking a course through the use of telecommunications technology - teaching classes where students and faculty are separated * is an effective means to meet the needs of the global work force - emerging practice in the United States - extremely flexible method of teaching - important and critical tool in the profession of medicine - old concept that is being given new life via the Web - claimed as being magically able to bring the learning to the student - currently a hot topic in higher education - in a rapidly moving upward curve - one of the hottest topics in educational computing today - perhaps the biggest user of videoconferencing technology in government today - self directed learning * is the big trend now in schooling - fastest growing trend in education today - most rapidly expanding sector in higher education - physical separation between the instructor and students - process of creating a new learning environment around remote resources * is the use of technology to deliver instruction - telecommunications designed to facilitate student learning - wave of the future - to learning what phone sex is to sex - tool to help developing countries to catch up * makes it possible to learn anywhere, anytime. * means different things to different people. * natural environment for active learning. * plot against professors. * presupposes the passivity of the learner. * progressively efficient way to ensure education for all. * refers to learning that takes place some distance from a traditional classroom - the transmission of course information over physical distances * term that is being used more and more today in place of distance education. * time-intensive process. * uses communication technologies to stimulate lifelong learning - the Internet to bring a group of learners together * vehicle to facilitate learning outside of a traditional classroom setting. * way of making training and further education more accessible and attractive - tackling learning rather than a type of study task * way to educate without being in a traditional classroom setting - help busy self-motivated students complete classes or training Distance running * classic sport, almost as old as time itself. * does help develop endurance. * is about much more than physical pain. Focal distance * is distance - measured from lens or mirror to focal point * represents the angle of aperture used to display perspective.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| distance: Genetic distance * function of recombination fraction. * is estimated from differences in allele frequencies found in allozyme surveys - expressed as a value between pair of populations - scaled in centiMorgans * tends to cluster around two values, near zero and near one. Horizontal axis * is distance - magnetic declination and thus represents sample orientation - the toroidal angle * is time, vertical axis is processes - used to display different states at different heights * represents time, vertical axis represent the value of x. Measurement of distance * Measurements of distance are also related to measures of similarity and dissimilarity. * is one of the most fundamental studies in astronomy. Mileage * are distance - measurements - ratios * is determined primarily by driving habits - measured from the closer of duty station or point of departure to destination and return - specified of tracks, cables, canals, pipelines, or routes travelled * is the distance of the most direct route from the old residence to the new residence - most important thing a used car buyer looks at, next to price - sum of the total miles driven divided by the amount of fuel used<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| distance \| nearness: Proximity * Proximities are nearness - vicinities * Refers to the relationship established by clustered items. * has an effect on people. * is defined based on shortest paths between objects - essentially distance measured either through a roads network or as the crow flies - relative to the time it takes energy to cross a given space * means that things near each other are associated with each other. * refers to the distance between search terms. + Combat stress reaction, History: Conflicts :: Mental illnesses * These centers avoided the use of terms like war neurosis and shell shock. The PIE principles stand for proximity, immediacy, and expectancy. Proximity means treat the casualties close to the front line. Immediacy means treat them without delay and do not wait until the physically wounded are treated. Expectancy means ensure every casualty expects to return to combat. These numbers do not include numbers of causalities that were ineffective when returned to combat. Edgar Jones and Simon Wessely. Apr 1, 2005. Remove * are distance. * is distance * lead, cadmium, alluminum, mercury and other toxic metals which interfere in enzyme function. * toxins from the body. * toxins, cleanses and softens skin, soothes tired muscles. ### placement \| distance \| remove: Paint remover * Many paint removers contain solvents. * are among the most toxic products in the home. * can damage linoleum, asphalt, plastic, and vinyl. Sight distance * are long and mostly limited by topography. + Trail, Trail types and use, Equestrian trails: Roads * Horseback riding has continued to be a popular activity for many trail users. Again, 'horse trails' must be built to different standards than other trails. Sight distance is an important issue with horse trails, as is overhead and side clearance. While trail surface types are a relatively unimportant issue with hikers, they may be an important issue with horses.<\|endoftext\|>### placement \| distance: Wavelength * All wavelengths are in vacuum - have essentially the same mechanism of tissue interaction * Most wavelengths used in astronomy are in the MHz and GHz range. * Some wavelengths absorb more strongly than others. * are characteristic of the chemical composition as well as the temp of the gas - distances, usually measured in meters - orientations - part of spectrums * extend from the far infrared to the extreme ultraviolet. * fall within certain bands, depending on temperature. * have length, intensity and purity dimensions. * is distance * reach the end of the medium at different times, causing the light pulse to spread. * tend to be scattered in all directions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### placement \| distance \| wavelength: Different wavelength * are sensitive to vegetation or to ground surface phenomena. * come into focus at different distances behind the lens of the eye. * have different phase speeds. Infrared wavelength * Many infrared wavelengths can also pass through the atmosphere. * are invisible and produce heat. * are longer and focus at a different distance behind the lens - than visible radiation and shorter than microwave radiation - too long to be seen, but infrared radiation is sensed as heat Longer wavelength * are also less affected by Earth's atmospheric turbulence. * can see deeper into the atmosphere than shorter wavelengths. * have low frequencies and shorter waves have high frequencies - lower frequencies * mean lower frequencies which are produced by woofers. Short wavelength * are somewhat problematic because of a lack of good spectral lines. * have high energies and long wavelengths have lower energies - while long wavelengths have lower energies - more energy per photon than long wavelengths - the most energy * increase sensitivity to ultrathin films. Shorter wavelength * are also more susceptible to absorption by colored molecules in the sample. * contain more energy. * have more energy. * means greater frequency for a wave. Private placement * are alternative investments to the public market - speculative, highly risky, illiquid investments * is the sale of a bond or other security directly to a limited number of investors. * provide capital at a critical time in a company's growth. Product placement * is another means of increasing the social acceptability of smoking - the use of a commercial product, company name or logo, etc * mature business aspect of film financing. * way of enhancing an advertiser's message. ### placements \| spacing: Line spacing * controls the amount of vertical space between lines in a paragraph. * is the vertical distance between lines of text - spacing between lines ### places: Little river * are places - rivers * tend to have little pools. ### plane crashs: Plane crash * are plane crashs - vehicular accidents * have their own immutable power and mythology. ### planes: Cargo plane * Many cargo planes travel at night, when visibility is low. * are planes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Planet * All planets appear to move retrograde, or backwards, from time to time - are in motion * All planets have atmospheres but the specific mix of gases in earth's atmosphere is termed air - gravity - moons * All planets move about the sun in an elliptical orbit with the sun at one foci - in elliptical orbits, having the sun as one focal point - around the Sun on elliptical orbits * All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the sun at one focus - paths, with the sun at one focus - on ellipses * All planets orbit the sun except the earth - rotate in the same direction as they revolve - spin on an axis and orbit the sun - travel along their orbits in the same direction * Any planet emits exactly the same vibrations at all times. * Every planet circles around the Sun which is at the centre of our solar system - follows an oval-shaped path, or orbit, around the sun, called an ellipse * Every planet has an axis tilt - mass and so every planet exerts a gravitational force on nearby objects * Know the basic features of the solar system. * Many planets also have moons - have atmospheres of some gaseous mixture * Most planets are huge magnets with magnetic fields that extend far into space - follow orbits that are more elliptical than Earth's * Most planets have bodies in their orbits which are moons - magnetic fields lined up with their North and South Poles - orbits with very low eccentricity, close to zero - move in the Earth's equatorial plane - revolve around the Sun in the same plane and in the same direction * Most planets rotate in the same direction in which they orbit - sense as they orbit - prograde - seem to be dead and unable to support life in any form * Some planets are much larger than others. * Some planets have a very large declination, such as Uranus in our solar system - ice And are very cold * Some planets have moons similar to our own - that orbit that planet just as the moon orbits the earth - natural satellites, called moons * Some planets have no clouds and therefore abundant samelight - several moons - their own satellites or orbiting bodies, such as Earth's Moon * Some planets have very long days or years, and some are very short - strong magnetic fields that create even more radiation - lack enough carbon to fuel life forms - only have an exosphere - rotate much more slowly than others - take much longer to simply rotate around on their axis * absorb light from the sun and heat up. * also exert a gravitational pull on each other, but size matters - spin around their own axis, like a spinning top * are a byproduct of stellar formation - few thousands of kilometers across - astronomical objects - bits of small rocks and asteroids that come together * are bodies of rock or gas that orbit around a star - which orbit around a star - celestial bodies - closer and appear more as a disk than a point of light - complex entities - count nouns - different in sizes and colors - difficult to photograph because they are small and more weakly lit than the moon - dignified when they are in signs in which they rule or are exalted - energetically related to each other in ways that tend to be repeated throughout life - hard to miss They look like very bright stars - hotter deeper down - indeed common in the universe - large objects * are located in galaxy - outer space - planetary systems - skies - universes - much smaller with core temperatures and pressures too low for nuclear fusion to occur - rounds * are the abodes of life - dominant mass in their area and they carry moons * are the main source of supplies and goods - suppliers and consumers of all the goods that are traded throughout the galaxy - objects that can benefit from using high power - second largest objects in the solar system * are too dim and too close to their suns to be seen by today's telescopes - to be seen, but can be located by their pull on the stars they orbit - typically brighter than most stars - used for livings - usually more or less spherical in shape, usually bulging slightly at the equator - visible every night with Mars still lingering after sunset in the southwest sky - warm in their mantles - whole systems, even though they contain many sub-systems - worlds * are, of course, in orbit around the sun. * belong to stars, which in turn are part of galaxies. * can also revolve around each other, for they are both merely objects that have a mass - form from the dust grains - have essentially any energy and thus orbit at any distance - later form in the circumstellar disc * change their positions against the background of stars. * come in different sizes and colors. * emit in the infrared portion of the spectrum and putout no visible light - virtually no radio waves * explores the motion of a single planet around a star. * fall around stars, moons fall around planets. * find their niche, based on how crowded the solar system is and their relative mass. * follow elliptical paths. * form by accretion, with some small body accumulating mass through collision - hot internal heat from gravitational contraction, collisions, and radioactive decay - hot, and lose the heat from their formation over time - out of a disk of dust and gas that encircles a newborn star * generally appear to move toward the east in front of the star background - form by collecting dust and rocks that float around in the early solar system * generally have a rotation period measured in seconds - all of the other elements in their crust and core - move more slowly across the sky than the stars * grow by accretion - in the disk through the process of accretion * have a south pole and a north pole - egg-shaped orbits, so their distance from the sun varies - fragile environments - moonses - nearly circular orbits, whereas comets have elongated paths around the Sun - satellites or moons much like the Earth's moon * have their own names - poles - to be the right distance from their sun * heavenly body * includes biospheres - sections * involved in opposition aspect tend to reflect off of one another, to mirror one another. * is the term used for a body in orbit around a star - body in orbit around the Sun * look like disks, or tiny balls. * middle-level theory that represents planning knowledge. * move around stars - because the gas cloud that originally formed the solar system was spinning - on elliptic orbits with the sun at a focal point * move through constellations as well - it because it is one of the constellations on the ecliptic - within the zodiac * orbit at different angles to the sun's equator. * orbit the sun as a result of the gravitational force of attraction to the sun - in curved paths - their stars because of the space coupling within the planets and their stars * orbiting the sun sometimes eclipse other heavenly bodies. * program for finding the location and apperance of a planet on a given date. * reflect starlight, while stars shine with their own light. * represent objects whose diameters are given in arcsec - other astronomical objects whose diameters are given in arcsec * revolve around the Sun in their own orbits - like Earth * rise, the sun rises, and life is always a little different. * rotate about in on orbits implied by dashed circles - on an axis as they revolve around the sun * rotate, people walk, and apples fall - suns shine and expire * shine by reflected light and circle stars - in the sky because they reflect the light of the sun * shine with a steadier light than stars * speed up as they approach the sun. * start as large asteroids that keep gobbling up their neighbors - out with different amounts of atmospheric gases * take different lengths of time to cycle around the sky. * tend to be among the brightest objects in the night sky - brighter than fixed stars * theoretically generate magnetic fields only if they spin quickly and possess a molten core. * travel in circular orbits - orbits around the Sun * turn around with varying lengths of time depending on their size. * wander across the celestial sphere much more slowly than earth satellites.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### planet: Bigger planet * have larger gravities and can hold on to more atmosphere - more heat, and it takes longer for bigger planets to cool down * require higher velocities for an object to escape their gravitational pull. Different planet * have different pole stars because their axes are oriented differently. * require epicycles of different sizes.<\|endoftext\|>### planet: Extrasolar planet * Learn about planets that orbit stars. * Many extrasolar planets appear to have highly eccentric elliptical orbits - are known to move in highly elliptical orbits - have masses far greater than Jupiter * are planets outside our own solar system. * can have many different forms compared to our solar system. * emerge from the dark. + Extrasolar planet, Types + Kepler-22b, Orbit: Exoplanets * No information is available about the shape of the planet's orbit. Many extrasolar planets are known to move in highly elliptical orbits. We only know that the semi-major axis of its orbit is within its host star's habitable zone. If Kepler-22b has a highly elongated orbit it may well only spend a small fraction of its time within this habitable zone, which would cause extreme temperature differences on the planet and make it inhospitable. Gas giant * are also very much larger than terrestrial planets - astronomical objects * do form farther out. Giant planet * are huge reservoirs of hydrogen, a major constituent of comets. * can significantly influence terrestrial planet formation. * carry the lion's share of angular momentum in a stellar system. Inferior planet * can never be at opposition to the sun, from Earth's point of view - pass in front of the sun * have orbits that are closer to the Sun than is Earth's orbit. * is also different from minor planet or dwarf planet. * take more time to go around the Sun than superior planets. Inner planet * are small and rocky, while the outer planets are large and gaseous. * symbolize important aspects of personality. Jovian planet * All Jovian planets have rings around their equators and at least eight moons. * are far from the Sun - further from the sun than terrestrial planets - large planets - much larger than terrestrial planets - very large and massive, and are primarily made of gases * have high masses - long days - stronger magnetic fields Larger planet * are farther from the sun. * have stronger gravity, so can hold on to their atmosphere better so more erosion. * tend to have more satellites, both large and small, than smaller planets. Massive planet * More massive planets cool more slowly than less massive planets - have more gravity, so they cause more wobble * can cause slight tidal distortions to their host stars. Superior planet * All superior planets travel slower in their orbits than does Earth. * are at quadrature twice in their orbits - brighter at opposition, when moving retrograde * can have only superior conjunctions with the sun. * have orbits that are farther from the Sun than Earth's orbit. Terrestrial planet * All terrestrial planets are different when it comes to their interaction with the solar wind - thought to have had a similar process in their early histories - show evidence of volcanism, though manifestation is different * are built from heavier elements such as silicon, iron and magnesium - rough-surfaced, and most planets are at least slightly oblate - smaller than Jovian planets * have iron cores and rocky surfaces. * lose whatever hydrogen and helium they have. Uranian planet * are a special sort of gas giants , they have more hydrogen and helium. + Planet, In the Solar System, Types of planets * Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Uranian planets are a special sort of gas giants, they have more hydrogen and helium.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Plankton * absorbs huge amounts of carbon dioxide and supports almost all other forms of life. * also play a role in regulating the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere - tend to depurate low concentrations of hydrocarbons within days * are a key part of the entire marine food web - algae which are microscopic , free-floating algae - an important source of food for larger animals * are any organisms that float in the water as opposed to swimming in the water - water-column organisms that are incapable of swimming against a current * are at the base of a complex aquatic food web - mercy of the currents and movement of the water - clearly higher in the water column at night and are near the bottom during the daytime - divided into producers and consumers - float- ing species whose movements are most dependent upon water currents - free-floating, mostly microscopic plants, animals and bacteria * are important because they are at the bottom of the aquatic food chain - in the ocean 's food chain - known as floaters, as they are very poor swimmers if they can even swim at all - lowest rungs on the oceanic food chain - marine organisms that drift with the ocean currents * are microscopic marine organisms and are the building blocks of the marine food chain - plant and animal organisms floating in water in large numbers * are microscopic plants and animals which float in the ocean - whose movements are largely dependent upon currents - microscopically tiny organisms that thrive in the oceans throughout the world - often microscopic and are an important food source for other aquatic community - organisms which drift freely in the oceans, carried by ocean currents - plants and animals that live near or on the surface of the ocean - relatively small organisms that drift or float passively in the water - sessile - small organisms that play a crucial role in the food chain * are the first vital step in aquatic food chains - foundation of the aquatic food web * are the microscopic animals and plants that sit at the base of the ocean food chain - organisms that many sea creatures eat - organisms that form the base of most open-ocean food webs - plants and animals that drift on the ocean s currents and in lakes and rivers - small organisms that float or drift in water, especially at or near the surface - smallest plants and animals living in the ocean - tiny creatures that form the bottom-most level of all ocean food chains * are tiny aquatic organisms that swim around in the photic zone - open-water plants, animals or bacteria - plants that suspend or float in the water * are unable to move significant distances against horizontally-flowing currents - swim effectively and drift about at the mercy of the currents * are very sensitive to changes in the quality of the water - small, microscopic plants and animals - vital in the food supplies of fish, aquatic birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals - widely dispersed organisms at the bottom of the food chain * attracts baitfish and baitfish draw walleyes. * can be producers, consumers or both - recyclers, depending on which trophic level they belong to - live in any ocean water * collective term for several different kinds of creatures. * come in many different shapes and sizes. * consists of two categories of organisms, phytoplankton and zooplankton. * feeds small fishes, which in turn feed bigger fishes, sea birds, seals and whales. * find a rich feeding ground in the cold waters lying off the Namibian Desert coast. * float freely and can yield information on fish stocks and ocean currents. * flows into the pools on each wave, feeding barnacles, mussels and worms. * food source for small fish. * form the base of the food chain for all marine animals - web and their survival is essential for all higher forms of life - basis of aquatic food webs, including the ocean * has two known ancestors. * have limited control on their individual movement. * includes aquatic protistans and animal larve that drift or swim weakly in the water - plants and animals that float along at the mercy of the sea's tides and currents * influence the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the sea. * is also a good source of food for small fish - an organism that is unable to move against the waters current - clumps of small plant and animal life that drifts on the surface of the ocean * is composed of microscopic plants and animals, which drift in the ocean currents - myriad different species including microscopic plants and animals - consumed by many larger organisms, forming the base of many marine food chains - found in every ocean on the planet, and plays a major role in our existence * is made up of both unicellular and pluricellular organisms - microscopic plants and animals that drift about on ocean currents - obviously the favorite diet of barnacles - part animal and part plant - probably particularly important for brooding males - small and jelly bean shaped - the basic essential building block for all life in the ocean * is the basis for the entire marine food web - and it is under threat - of all aquatic food-chains * is the bottom of the food chain in the ocean - first and most important layer of the oceanic food chain - food for corals - mass of small organisms carried about by water currents - principal food of golden trout in high lakes - smallest of all the main characters and the smallest person in Bikini Bottom * is tiny plants and animals that can only be seen with a microscope - float near the surface - to be found on the ponds and can cause skin irritation to some people - used as food by fish - very important as it occupies the first two or three links in the marine food chains * kind of organism that sustains many species, because it is consumed. * live in both freshwater and marine environments - the microlayer because that's where there's most sunlight for photosynthesis * major source of nutrients in coral reef ecosystems. * make up most of their diet but they are quite opportunistic - one of three major groups of marine life * occurs in absolutely countless numbers and volume - mainly near the surface of seas where the plants get suitable illumination * predominantly comprises short-lived organisms. * provide food for juvenile salmon when they leave the streams and hatchery pens - more oxygen than most of the earth's rain forests * provides food for much sea life. * refers to the whole assortment of tiny, often microscopic, living things in the ocean. * represent the base of the food chain. * sampling is fundamental to marine biology. * term used to categorize any small creature in the river. * vary in size from ultraminute bacteria to large jellyfish. * are important in the ocean's food chain. They are the main source of food for almost all fish larvae as they switch from their yolk sacs to catching prey. * very popular prey item.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Planktonic organism * Most planktonic organisms fall into the microplankton or net plankton category. * Some planktonic organisms migrate up and down in the water in response to the amount of daylight. * turn out to be particularly useful. ### planning: City planning * are planning. * wide-ranging field that contains a number of specific subareas.<\|endoftext\|>### planning: Family planning * allows women to choose when to have a child and how many children to have. * basic health care service - right and something people want worldwide * can help reduce both abortions and deaths from unsafe abortion - prevent a quarter of infant deaths by spacing births at least two years apart * contributes both to reproductive and sexual health and to maternal and child health. * enables couples to prevent unintended pregnancies - space their children * funning is essential to saving lives. * has religious overtones. * helps millions of people today and also helps to assure a better future - save lives by preventing unwanted pregnancy and allowing births to be spaced - to prevent birth defects and low birthweight babies * implicates the rights of fathers and mothers. * increases the chances of survival of both mother and child. * involves a lot of preventive care for women. * is an essential component of reproductive health. * is an important arena of international cooperation - component of adolescent reproductive health - element in efforts to stabilize population growth - issue that affects people across gender, ethnic, and class lines - another important aid in reduction of maternal mortality rates - dressed up as a way of safeguarding people's health in the third world * is integrated into maternal and child health services in the public sector - the maternal and child health at the primary health care level - more than just preventing pregnancy - national policy in many industrial countries, such as Japan and most of Europe * is needed to save children's lives - women's lives - one of the critical decisions a married couple makes - policy of China - preventive health in the truest sense * is the most effective way to control the population of a nation through education - only thing that prevents abortion - primary intervention along the pathway in reduction of unwanted pregnancies - responsibility of men as well as women - to plan a healthy delivery for children ensuring their proper growth - used only by a small segment of Polish society * means having a baby only if one is wanted - using some form of birth control to prevent pregnancy * reduces mortality. * simple, win-win solution to many complex problems. * stands for empowering women and preventing the spread of STIs. * vital part of basic health care services-and a basic right. * way to avoid abortions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Plant * ALL plants manufacture salicylates, and many do so in large quantities. * All plants absorb essential minerals, including iron, manganese, and zinc - act as a sink for carbon dioxide because it necessary gas for photosynthesis * All plants are able to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate pests - about waist height - also susceptible to the high temperatures - container grown with at least one full season of growth - diploid - eukaryotes - genetically identical, which prevents evolution of disease resistance - great for keeping nature in balance - in the United States - live plants - more susceptible to invasion by insects and diseases when under stress - multi-cellular and each plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall * All plants are multicellular eukaryotes and photosynthetic autotrophs - with the capacity for photosynthesis - of bearing age and have large flavorful berries - on their own roots, but there are no signs of root rots - phototropic, meaning they respond to all forms of light - relatively large, and hence none are generally considered microbes - rooted cuttings - seed raised, in the United Kingdom, on their own roots - susceptible to desiccation - thought to have evolved from a green algal- like ancestor - trees - well adjusted to the place where they live - wild - attempt to adjust to osmotic moisture stress caused by salinity - begin life as a single seed - belong to kingdom plantae * All plants benefit from adequate soil moisture once planted - fertilization and old roses are no exception - greatly from well prepared soil - bloom together, which turns summer into a wonderland of colour - can be grwn in intermediate conditions - come originally from the bush * All plants compete for water, nutrients and light - space, light and nutrients * All plants contain a light-reactive pigment called phytochrome - both soluble and insoluble fibres - compounds called polyphenols - phytochemicals that can help to prevent disease - starch also - water, but it can be difficult to reach - die after flowering - draw water into their roots and up through the stalks, stems, or leaves - exhibit alternation of generations - experience life in cycles - fall into two basic categories, flowering, and nonflowering - fluoresce * All plants go through a cycle with a haploid gametophyte alternating with a diploid sporophyte - life cycles - periods of growth, maturity and decline * All plants grow and adapt to their environment - by soaking up carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis - incredibly well under metal halide lamps - together and support each other - with no supplemental water * All plants have a basic complement of chromosomes - certain climate that they grow best - common name and a Latin name - dormant stage when the roots are getting deeper * All plants have a life cycle that gets each plant through the haploid and diploid generations - cycle, but it can be different from plant to plant - span - specific pH range in which they grow and thrive best - an endogenous RNA-dependent RNA polymerase - certain requirements like water, nutrients and light - chloroplasts indicating their decent from a common ancestor - different requirements, often directly related to their native environment - dormant stages - eukaryote cells - gametophyte stage and sporophyte stage - growing points where new cells are developed - healing abilities - life cycles with an alternation of generations - natural defence mechanisms - seeds - specific soil, water, nutrient, and light requirements for optimum growth - the potential to cause some physiological reaction * All plants have the same amount of carbohydrate reserves in their roots - heredity and are quite uniform when grown under the same conditions - life cycle, called alteration of generations - their own set of particular dynamics - heat very pure water in boilers to produce steam - including daisies do photosynthesis - live and grow by photosynthesis - lose water from their leaf and stem surfaces to the air * All plants make fruits, which all contain seeds - sugar - varying amounts of salicylate - move iron to seeds with a special biochemical - perform photosynthesis * All plants produce flowers for the same reason, to make seeds so another plant can grow - oxygen through the process of photosynthesis - the same amount of pollen - toxins to protect themselves against fungi, insect and animal predators - rely either directly or indirectly on plants for their energy * All plants remove chemicals from the air to some degree - waste through the stomata on their leaves, and marijuana plants are no different - reproduce through alternating generations * All plants reproduce using flowers * All plants require a source of carbon - care and attention * All plants require certain chemical elements for proper growth and appearance - essential elements for proper growth - nutrients for good growth - light as their energy source in photosynthesis * All plants require nutrients in order to grow and reproduce - to maintain healthy growth, and bonsai are no exception - nutrients, water, light, and air to grow - partial to full sun and bloom summer to late fall - regular watering until their roots are established - small amounts of boron for growth * All plants require some light whether natural or artificial - natural light - sunlight to make their food * All plants require sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water for photosynthesis - water, and soil nutrients for photosynthesis * All plants require water for metabolic and physiological functioning - in order to grow and thrive - resist pests and disease if they are healthy * All plants respond to pruning in different ways - stress by reproducing through either sexual or vegetative reproduction - slaughter young, healthy, and uniform animals * All plants take two generations to complete one life cycle - up nitrates from which they produce all their essential nitrogenous compounds - transform air into a more oxygen-rich variety * All plants use carbon dioxide to live and maples are no exception * Any plant daring to grow more than a few inches above the ground falls prey to the wind - has the potential to induce such proteins under certain conditions * Apply salt to cabbage that stays grown in a permanent control any green all winter. * Can Tell Atrazine injury on wheat. * Diseases Due to Bacteria. * Every plant can adapt to a range of environments - has a distinct form * Every plant has a place and a purpose, and no plant seems to suffer from insects or fungi - of origin, a past, present and hopefully, a future - unique form and structure and is made up of several distinct organs - only one correct name - some medicinal properties and many are yet to be discovered * Every plant is adapted to a certain set of growing conditions - developed from a seed - full of natural pesticides it uses to kill insects - made up of many naturally occurring chemical constituents - needs specific nutrients to flourish - produces hundreds of seeds * Fibers Several plants are sources of insulation from cold. * Keep a record of when various plants begin to flower. * Make a food chain. * Many plant leaves contain substances distasteful to insects - pathogens overwinter in the garden on infected plant debris - species self-fertilise in the wild, but the great majority have occasional outcrossing - toxins cause diseases of the central nervous system * Many plants accumulate proline in response to water stress - also change their shape, or lose their blooms when regulary pruned * Many plants also have a chlorotic response to sudden changes in soil moisture - some sugar water called nectar in their flowers which insects can eat - produce flowers, which are their reproductive organs - reproduce asexually - serve as habitat - alter their position when they go to sleep at night * Many plants are able to propagate themselves using asexual reproduction - tide over unfavourable conditions - also capable of reproducing by parthenogenesis - aquatic, including seaweeds - associated with ancestral beings * Many plants are capable of asexual reproduction - hybridizing between species and even genera - regenerating their entire root systems from a single cutting - reproducing both asexually and sexually - carriers of plant viruses but show no disease - colorful and children are attracted to the leaves, flowers and fruits - edible and medicinal - good for attracting butterflies - highly toxic and can be dangerous - hosts to the virus - in a dormant state in winter - intolerant of having their roots submerged for extended periods of time - just gastrointestinal irritants and cause vomiting - naturally resistant to pests or have been bred to be so - parasitic upon others - perennial, including trees, shrubs, and bulbs - photoperiodic - poisonous or can cause diarrhea or vomiting * Many plants are poisonous to animals in varying degrees of toxicity - preserved as three-dimensional casts or as carbonized impressions * Many plants are sensitive to dry heat and intense sun - the hours of daylight and darkness they receive - suitable for growing in terrariums - susceptible to many types of the disease - symptomless carriers - too strong to take internally safely * Many plants are toxic and unsafe for human use, including marijuana - or potentially toxic to sheep - when eaten, and little kids do love to explore things with their mouths - unable to survive in such a harsh environment - used to flavor foods - very large, some over a half meter tall - attract bees with the color of their flowers and nectar - bear flowers that favour certain types of pollinator over all others - begin sending up shoots before the cold treatment is complete - bloom at night and use special odors or flower shapes to attract bats - break down chlorophyll even after a freeze - can accumulate heavy metals from the soil in large amounts * Many plants can be poisonous - toxic when touched or eaten - deactivate or metabolize a herbicide before plant injury occurs - do either sexual or asexual reproduction or both * Many plants can grow from runners or cuttings - in seawater, but none of the crop plants can - new plants asexually from their plant parts - roots on a cutting - regenerate completely from differentiated cells * Many plants can reproduce asexually by sending out runners or producing sucker shoots - both sexually and by vegetative propagation - only with the help of other plants - use ammonia directly - carry naturally-occurring DNA fragments called transposable elements * Many plants cause allergic rhinitis symptoms - nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea - change dramatically and are equally attractive in other seasons - climb up closer to the canopy where there is more light - commonly found in yards and gardens contain poisons - compete with neighboring ones for sunlight - completely lack stipules * Many plants contain chemicals that are toxic to insects - prevent cancer or heart attacks - flammable chemicals and burn fiercely - high levels of saponin, which is very soapy stuff - more than one reactor - pro- tective secondary compounds that are more or less toxic to herbivores - several medicinal ingredients, which work together in harmony - small amounts of naturally occurring toxic chemicals - toxic substances - degenerate and die rather suddenly toward the end of their reproductive phase - depend on animals for pollination * Many plants depend on animals to spread their pollen - bats to carry pollen and disperse seeds - birds for pollination and seed dispersal - hummingbirds for pollination - insects for pollination - develop adaptations to regrow even after fire events * Many plants die back in winter, keeping only their roots alive 'til spring - because the soil becomes too warm - before harvest - from too little or too much water during the first few months after planting - if their roots become too wet * Many plants do better when grown in presence of others - contain substances that produce therapeutic effects within the body - great outside in the summer, but eventually they do have to come back indoors - easily grow back and there is usually good recovery after a fire - emit isoprene, a hydrocarbon that has important influences on atmospheric chemistry - escape slug damage - exude substances to repel insects - flower only part of the year to preserve water * Many plants form a partnership between their root systems and soil fungi called myccorhizae - callus tissues from the inoculation of different colonies of mutant bacteria - one or more layers of palisade- tissue even when growing in the deepest shade - roots easily in water or soil - unusual hybrids or adopt strange behaviours because of the unusual conditions - generate pups or lateral shoots which arise from the lateral areoles of the cacti - germinate from seed, mature, produce flower or fruit, reproduce, and die in one season - go into a rest period or dormancy during part of the year * Many plants grow close to the ground, below the cold winds - faster in an atmosphere with higher carbon dioxide - in areas protected from the rains - up with the rising waters to become emerging aquatics at high flood - well and look good in baskets, but ferns are probably the most highly prized - grown in temperate climates have a negative response to high temperatures * Many plants have a condensate-return system to return condensed steam for reuse in boilers - aesthetic value as ornamentals and, thus, improve the quality of our lives * Many plants have beneficial properties that help prevent or reduce the symptoms of heart disease - symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi * Many plants have colorful flowers or berries - histories, but none more so than herbs - flowers and pods that can be dried for arrangements and wreaths * Many plants have flowers that add color to our landscape - are pretty and brightly colored - fungi growing inside the plant body - less of one or two of the essential amino acids - male and female reproductive organs in the same flower * Many plants have poisonous look alikes - properties that lie somewhere between the extremes of toxic and safe - rhizomes without tubers - root hairs on their roots - roots that grow deep in the ground, where the most water can be found - secondary metabolites that are estrogenic - seeds that use water as a means of dispersal - self-sterility factors which force cross pollination * Many plants have several different species that are hummingbird-attractive - lines of defense against pathogen attack - severe nitrification problems during the colder winter period - small, needle-like leaves that help to conserve water - some defence against herbivores * Many plants have their leaves submerged - root systems above the ground - thorns and spines - tussock or cush- ion growth forms - very large leaves - waxy coatings on some surfaces - including gymnosperms and the dicotyledonous angiosperms are capable of producing wood - known to be hyperaccumulators of nickel occur on serpentinized peridotites * Many plants live for more than two years - in the rainforest - look alike, and a deadly poison can easily be mistaken for one that is harmless * Many plants lose much of the remaining energy on growing roots - parts in times of stress - their leaves or wither and die - make great homes for animals - naturally occur in only one or two positions in the landscape - offer winter berries, seeds, and pods for birds and other wildlife - owe their existence to fungi - prefer cold weather * Many plants produce an aromatic substance that are the essential oils - which are the essential oils - chemicals which change the behaviour , growth , or survival of herbivores - food for people - large numbers of seed to improve the chances at least some seeds surviving - noxious compounds that inhibit feeding by herbivorous insects - oils which are important commercial products - substances that are toxic to other plants - their own pesticides for self-protection - protect themselves against grazing animals with thorns and poisonous chemicals * Many plants provide both cover and food - enough protein to keep the body at normal efficiency - recover and bloom the following year - reject their own pollen to avoid the detrimental effects of inbreeding * Many plants release chemicals which suppress a wide spectrum of weeds - their scent freely with their fragrance drifting great distances * Many plants rely on bats to spread their seeds and to pollinate flowers - insect pollinators to carry the pollen from one plant to the next * Many plants rely on the leaf system for gathering the water into pockets, or onto scales - wind to disperse their seeds * Many plants reproduce by a mixture of outcrossing and self-fertilization - fragmentation or runners - vegetative propagation, a form of natural cloning - through pollinators, and some are disappearing * Many plants require a cold treatment to induce flowering - dose of thousands of rads to stop seed germination or growth - bright sunlight, but many others have adapted to growing in the shade - genetic material from another clone or variety in order to set fruit - large amounts of water in their daily lives - more nutrients than can be obtained from the native soil * Many plants respond to cutting back - density in a scramble-like fashion through reduction in individual growth - iron-deficiency stress by modifying root physiology * Many plants root in limestone crevices - when a branch is bent sharply upward - send out shoots or runners that are simply extensions of themselves - set more flowers than the plant can develop fruit - shed their leaves during dry temperature to conserve water and moisture - spread their pollen by the air - stop making food in the fall - store such toxins in seeds - suited for terrariums require high humidity - synthesize ecdysteroids - take longer to grow from seed than our growing season allows - thrive on it as a nutritional supplement and quickly absorb it - turn brown and develop a dead side when too close to a home or fence * Many plants use active dispersal mechanisms, like wind, for dispersal - animals to disperse their seeds in another complex coevolutionary process - coal as the fuel source - their tunnels as an easy way of extending their root systems - underground runners to clone themselves * More plants die from lack of water in autumn than from winter kill - over watering than under watering - over-watering than from being on the dry side * More plants die from overwatering than from any other cause - from being dry - means more animals - probably die from water related problems than any other reason - spawn more beetles * Most plant bugs cause damage - stems produce roots * Most plant toxins cause diseases * Most plants absorb carbon dioxide - most of their water through their roots * Most plants absorb solar energy - water from the soil through their roots * Most plants accumulate excess woody material and all shed some seasonal foliage * Most plants acquire energy * Most plants adapt to aquatic environments * Most plants adapt to arid climates - climate conditions * Most plants adapt to different conditions - environmental conditions * Most plants adapt to dry conditions - habitats - dryness * Most plants adapt to extreme conditions - local climates - low calcium environments - regions - salty habitats - severe conditions - sites - unique environments - wet conditions - advertise their readiness to mate - affect evolution * Most plants also contain drinkable water - have one or more common names * Most plants are able to conserve water using waxy cuticles and pores which regulate air exchange - autotroph since they use the sun power to generate their body - autotrophs, as are many protists and bacteria - committed to producing the safest food possible * Most plants are consumed by deer - livestock - dioecious, but some are monoecious * Most plants are diploid they have two identical sets of chromosomes in each cell - which means they have two identical sets of chromosomes in each cell - distinguished from plants - dormant, though several important species wait until now to flower - easiest to identify when they are in flower - easy enough to grow, but some are unique in their needs - eaten by animals - endemic - evergreen with large, dark green, leathery leaves * Most plants are green and growing - because they contain a substance called chlorophyll - green, but in the fall, the mechanism for feeding the plant is cut off - hermaphroditic, gaining reproductive success through both male and female functions - incomplete because any given plant product only provides a couple of amino acids - like human beings they weren t born to last forever - long-lived perennial plants - modular and are certainly the most obvious group of modular organisms - native to a certain region, usually encompassing many states - now in flower - polar - producers because they have chlorophyll and produce their own food - renennials, with underground roots that survive year after year - resistant to most viruses - self-fruitful - sessile and multicellular, with relatively complex and specialized cells - short, drought-loving plants - tightly in bud, awaiting warmer days to bloom - toxic or poisonous if chewed - toxic, though beautiful to look at - unable to tolerate continuous submergence of their roots - vascular plants and have vascular tissues * Most plants attain height - maximum height * Most plants attract animal pollinators - cucumber beetles - goldfinches - ladybirds - native pollinators * Most plants bear blue flowers - female flowers * Most plants bear pale blue flowers - yellow flowers * Most plants become buds - nuisances - parasitic vines * Most plants begin from seeds - life as germinating seeds - to flower when they first experience a night period of a particular length * Most plants belong to families - few plant families - genus - legume families - lily families - parsley families - plantain families - sunflower families - taxonomic genus * Most plants benefit from a seedling stage - manure - regular feedings during the growing season - break down substances * Most plants can go for a week between watering - grow successfully in a range of zones - only soak up a small amount of water at a time, the rest is wasted - stand several days alone with little or no damage - store nutrients for later use - t grow in Antarctica - then live without further watering for two weeks - tolerate moderate numbers of aphids without great damage - tough out high temperatures * Most plants capture energy - radiant energy * Most plants cause allergies - skin allergies * Most plants come from little tiny seeds - commonly grown in shade gardens are purely ornamental - compete for higher spots on trees to receive more sunlight * Most plants compete with host plants * Most plants consist of leaves - long tap roots - short stems - single stems * Most plants contain aromatic substances - bitter substances - both kinds in varying amounts - carbohydrates - chemical substances - cytoplasm - enzymes - excess carbohydrates - fiber - fluid - insoluble fiber - medicine * Most plants contain occur minerals - trace minerals - particles - photosynthetic pigment - proteins in lower levels * Most plants contain psychoactive chemicals - radioactive waste - red pigment - rigid support elements - small amounts of jasmonates, but jasmine and honeysuckle contain high levels - sticky fluid * Most plants contain toxic chemicals - vanishingly small amounts of fluorine - vitamins * Most plants contribute to poor survival * Most plants cover areas - surface areas - decay after they die, turning into chemicals and nutrients that replenish the soil - depend heavily on birds and bees in order to properly pollinate * Most plants depend on animal pollinators - insects for pollination and survival - mutualistic fungi to help their roots absorb minerals and water from the soil - rainfall - sunlight to provide energy through photosynthesis * Most plants develop adequate vegetative structure before flowering can occur - basal suckers creating a dense, bushy appearance - feeder roots - first true leaves * Most plants develop from buds - grow conditions * Most plants develop into bushes - small bushes with up to six basal stems - new feeder roots - over time - prime grow conditions - sturdy stems - taproots - thick stems - trunks - vegetative growth - woody roots - die because they are overwatered * Most plants die during cold winter - off in early autumn * Most plants die within cold seasons - grow seasons * Most plants display blue flowers - pale flowers * Most plants do best when watered as the soil begins to dry out - have four direction symmetry because they are unable to move around - emerge in springs - enhance expression - enjoy a warm, sunny position, and a well-drained soil * Most plants enter cotyledon stages - final stages - reproductive stages - establish and grow better when planted out as sun-hardened seedlings * Most plants establish in areas - floodplain areas * Most plants exhibit alternation of generations, which is described as haplodiplodontic - different characteristics - toxic responses * Most plants exist in climates - countries - european countries * Most plants exist in many countries - extract the stored soil moisture in the spring and early summer - favored by butterflies prefer sun to partial shade * Most plants feature flowers - pink star flowers * Most plants feed animals - caterpillars * Most plants find in backyard habitats - disturb habitats - pasture - wetland habitats - on earth - flower regularly each year but some can be constantly in bloom - form dense roots * Most plants gain nutrients - strength * Most plants generally have broad leaves - shallow roots - germinate from seeds * Most plants get bright light - direct sunlight - enough water - essential nutrients - indirect sunlight - light from the sun * Most plants get little direct sunlight - mineral nutrients - much nourishment - optimum nutrition - their required water and nutrients through their roots - give pollen * Most plants go through growth stages * Most plants go through several growth stages * Most plants grow as vines * Most plants grow at elevation * Most plants grow best if the light, dark period matches that of their native habitats - within a restricted range of soil and air temperature - better in soils high in organic matter - different places * Most plants grow during dry periods - one or two seasons of the year - short summer seasons - wet seasons * Most plants grow for flowers - several years * Most plants grow from fibrous roots - long taproots - over-wintered tubers germinating near the soil surface - seeds as their method of reproducing - seeds, which come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and textures - their tips to add length - wild seeds - woody plants * Most plants grow in alpine regions - anaerobic habitats - arctic regions * Most plants grow in arid habitats - certain areas - cocos - competitive environments - dense patches * Most plants grow in different habitats - dirt - dry climates - early springs - exotic locations - favorable environments - fields - follow areas - full sunlight - harsh environments - landscapes - many different habitats - marine environments * Most plants grow in moist areas - more exotic locations * Most plants grow in natural environments - wetland sites - nice little streams - open areas with full to partial sun - other areas - particular habitats - plant pots - ponds - protect areas - rainforests * Most plants grow in same areas - general habitats * Most plants grow in shady areas - situations - small areas - subject areas * Most plants grow in subtropical climates - temperate regions - terrestrial environments - the ground, with stems above, and roots below * Most plants grow in tropical environments - vicinities - warm climates - wet habitats - windy areas - wrong places * Most plants grow many different places - other places - materials - much faster when they are young - near plants * Most plants grow on earth - farms - floors - forest floors - ocean floors - sandy sea floors - soil surfaces - steep slopes near the bottoms of the washes - water surfaces - only during a very short period during their lifetime * Most plants grow over periods - week periods - small white flowers - through the boundary layer * Most plants grow to full height - large size - tree height - tops * Most plants grow under competitive conditions - most light spectra , but always prefer a full spectrum light - ordinary conditions - stressful conditions - such conditions - well in loams, which contain high percentages of each type of soil * Most plants have a higher tolerance for pest damage than their owners do - nectary inside the flower - positive response to water - shallow taproot and can be removed without great difficulty - single vacuole that takes up much of the cell - abnormal development - amino acid lysine - anatomies - appearances - aromatic leaves - attractive flowers - barriers - basal leaves - beautiful flowers - biology - black seeds - blossoms - both sexes in the same plant - branch taproots - branches * Most plants have bright flowers - bushy appearances - cases - cell wall development * Most plants have certain characteristics - features * Most plants have chemical properties - structures - chlorophyll, a green pigment - compositions - compound leaves - contractile roots - cotyledons - critical periods of growth during which a lack of water is the most damaging - cylindrical flowers - dark green leaves * Most plants have deep roots - deficiencies - delicate leaves - dense foliage * Most plants have different origins - varieties - dormant and active cycles - drainage - drip tips * Most plants have embryonic leaves - seed leaves - environmental factors - enzymes that are activated by ordinary light to repair UV damage - essential lysine * Most plants have female flowers - gametophytes - fertilizer - few green leaves * Most plants have fleshy leaves - float leaves * Most plants have flower stalks * Most plants have fragrant flowers - fungal partners * Most plants have glossy green leaves - grain * Most plants have green foliage - leaves which contain chlorophyll so that they can make food - grey leaves - growth characteristics - health benefits - healthy life - herbaceous stems - hereditary factors - high mortality - hormones - indeterminate growth - insect pests - intact roots * Most plants have internal arrangements - invasive potential - juicy fruit * Most plants have large black seeds - oval leaves * Most plants have leaf anatomies - lifespans - limits * Most plants have long lifespans * Most plants have many beneficial factors - medical use - mechanisms that assure cross-pollination which produces more genetic variation - membranes - meristems - natural barriers - neither - nutrient deficiencies - one or more dependencies on animals - open growth - orange flowers * Most plants have other features - structural features * Most plants have oval leaves - shape leaves - perfect flowers - petals - phases - pollen grain - positive effects - potential pests - pretty flowers - prey insects - productive years - purple flowers - reproductive biology - roles - root surfaces * Most plants have roots, stems and leaves - stems, leaves and flowers * Most plants have scent flowers - seasonal flowers - serious pests * Most plants have several common names and the aboriginal name where known - country names , and country names often refer to several distinct plants * Most plants have shiny green leaves - short period interspersions of repeats and single-copy sequences - showy flowers * Most plants have significant insect pests - similar characteristics * Most plants have single cotyledons - flower stems * Most plants have slender flowers - small seeds - snapdragon flowers - solitary flowers - special features * Most plants have specific characteristics - spongy roots - spores - stamens - sticky surfaces - stigma - stolons - stomata, specialized openings in their surface cells that permit gas exchange * Most plants have strong central stems - thorns, but some are thornless - succulent leaves - sufficient water - tall flowers - tendencies * Most plants have thick fleshy leaves - thin leaves - times throughout the year when they are more attractive than others * Most plants have tiny gametophytes * Most plants have toxic effects - two recognisable phases - the sporophyte and the gametophyte - underground rhizomes - unhealthy appearances * Most plants have unique characteristics - upright leaves - valuable properties - vascular structures * Most plants have vegetative phases - vessels - vigorous roots - wax in their epidermis * Most plants have waxy coating - width - wrinkle seeds - yellow, purple or white flowers - help birds - hold leaves * Most plants improve cantaloupe flavor - inherit the plastids from only one parent - invade environments * Most plants live in aquatic environments - dry habitats - grassland - swampy areas - temperate grassland - temperature zones * Most plants live in terrestrial environments, including deserts, grasslands, and forests - wet areas - look like weeds * Most plants lose foliage - lower leaves - their leaves in autumn * Most plants love light * Most plants make considerable growth - defensive compounds called allomones - good root growth - poor growth - rapid growth - slow growth * Most plants make their own food by a process called photosynthesis - by a process calledphotosynthesis - proteins using nitrogen from amino acids - up diets - vigorous growth * Most plants obtain food - important nutrients - necessary nutrients - their minerals and moisture through roots that are in soil * Most plants occupy environments - mediate environments * Most plants occur in areas - geographical regions * Most plants occur in specific geographical regions - offer diversity - outgrow flea beetle damage * Most plants play ecological roles - essential roles * Most plants play important ecological roles - vital roles * Most plants possess characteristics * Most plants prefer a humid environment - loam soil with good water drainage - relatively rich, loamy soil * Most plants prefer certain conditions - growth conditions - cooler nighttime temps and warmer daytime temperatures - to dry out a little between thorough waterings - prevent erosion * Most plants produce a fibrous root system , a tap root system or a fleshy root system - system, a taproot system, or most commonly a combination of both - range of fluorocarbons * Most plants produce abundant harvest - aerial roots - banana flowers * Most plants produce beautiful flowers - beginnings - bisexual flowers with both kinds of gametes * Most plants produce bright flowers - carbon compounds * Most plants produce chemical compounds - crops * Most plants produce delicate flowers - dry matter - dull green leaves * Most plants produce edible flowers - starches - enough oxygen - fibrous seeds - flower buds - fragrant leaves - fronds - glucose * Most plants produce green foliage - identical offspring - lush growth * Most plants produce many aerial roots - more seeds - much pollen - net useful energy - new leaves and stem growth from some point in spring through midsummer - novel compounds - numerous offspring - offshoots - one or more orders of lateral root branches - organic compounds - ovules - own energy - pea plants - pink flowers - pistils - seed plants - seeds to reproduce - shade in varying amounts - simple sugar * Most plants produce single flower buds - soybean seeds - sweet sugar - their own food through a process called photosynthesis - thick leaves - tough rhizomes - turnip roots - useful chemical energy - yellow leaves - yellowish flowers - zygospores - protect roots * Most plants provide carbohydrate nutrients - enough moisture - favorable habitats - important habitats - nest materials - shelter - vary diets - range in height * Most plants reach considerable size - inch height - mature size * Most plants reach maximum height - physiological maturity - year maturity - react to lack of water by spreading more roots to try to find deeper water sources - readily undergo vegetative propagation * Most plants receive direct sunlight - far more water and energy in the form of sunshine than they can use - fluorescent light - little sunlight - ml water - reduce erosion * Most plants release carbon * Most plants rely on consumption - respiration - stem photosynthesis - remain untested for their medical potential * Most plants replace nutritious plants * Most plants reproduce by both self and cross-pollination - more of their kind through production of seeds - the next generation of flowers by making seeds * Most plants require a certain number of growing days at warm enough temperatures - temperature to grow - particular number of days, months, or even years to produce flowers and fruit - specific range of temperature and moisture to survive - sunny site, a well drained moderately fertile soil, and shelter from winds - abundant sunlight * Most plants require adequate moisture - ventilation * Most plants require blue light - daily or weekly watering - double fertilization - exposure - frequent fertilization * Most plants require full sun exposure - light near a window or supplemental artificial light - more frequent water - shades - special attention - resemble plants * Most plants respond best to being pruned in spring and summer while they are most actively growing - blue light, which has most energy in it * Most plants respond to blue light * Most plants resume growth - normal growth * Most plants retain leaves - needles - secrete digestive fluid - seem to prefer the nitrate form * Most plants share common characteristics - important characteristics * Most plants shed leaves * Most plants show adverse effects - some combination of primitive and derived characters - specific symptoms - sold as houseplants have a tropical lineage * Most plants spread pollen * Most plants sprout and bear fruit on a yearly schedule, so it's a natural increment * Most plants start growth - their life as some sort of seed - stop growing when they receive less than - suffer from drought - support nutrition * Most plants survive cold climates - nights - winter nights - drought conditions * Most plants survive dry conditions - for years - freeze conditions - high temperature climates * Most plants survive in atmospheres - difficult conditions * Most plants survive in harsh conditions - soil conditions * Most plants take energy * Most plants take up carbon - water through their roots in the ground - water and plant nutrients into their roots through the root hairs - therefore require nitrogen compounds to be present in the soil in which they grow * Most plants thrive in acidic habitats * Most plants thrive in arid conditions - bog habitats - hostile environments - humid environments - ideal climates - mediterranean climates - moist environments * Most plants thrive in natural climates - setting - shade areas - subtropical regions - sunny locations - on carbon dioxide, using it for photosynthesis - thus require nitrogen compounds to be present in the soil in which they grow * Most plants tolerate a few months of lower light levels while overwintering - turn sunlight * Most plants typically have dark green leaves * Most plants undergo evolution - genetic evolution - modification * Most plants undergo rapid growth - vertical growth * Most plants use asexual reproduction - cam photosynthesis - cellulose * Most plants use clean sea water - efficient photosynthesis - for purposes - gases - methods - natural gases - nitrogen in the form of nitrates - nuclear energy - plant growth - radiation - resources * Most plants use solar energy - sunlight energy - underground stems * Most plants utilize energy - vary in height - withstand mild root infections and appear symptomless * Most plants yield abundant flowers * Omphalodes in part shade in well-drained soil. * Picks Japanese hydrangea vine vigorous, colorful climber, and simple to grow. * Some plant bugs ragging plants. * Some plant compounds cause death - interfere with metabolism - defenses against herbivores can include spines, thorns, or unpleasant odors - diseases damage palms - estrogens are under study now - have horizontal root on the surface to absorb rain water rapidly - leaves have areas * Some plant leaves have large areas * Some plant nematodes have structures - possess hollow stylets - oils like palm, palm kernel, and coconut oil are also high in saturated fat - organs respond to stimulation by contact or pressure * Some plant species even depend on fire to germinate their seeds - like the potato produce several similar substances at the same time - with early-season growth are more susceptible to treatment in the springtime - specimens collect in fields * Some plants absorb copper compounds through their roots - neem systemically and are thus protected - accumulate water - actually contain substances that injure or kill pests * Some plants add nitrogen to the soil , some take it out - warmth * Some plants affect climates - future growth * Some plants also depend on animals to carry their seeds and other materials away - form seeds asexually, termed apomixis , e.g. dandelion * Some plants also have hairs or trichomes - symbolic meanings - respond to changes in routine by dropping leaves - scavenge mercury - store water in their trunks and stems - use ozone , a disinfectant that improves the taste, smell and colour of water * Some plants are able to pollinate themselves or restore themselves repeatedly - recognize their own pollen and reject it - shut-down for the winter * Some plants are able to survive fire and some are dependent on it to reproduce - in the tundra - well grow in saline soil that contains a high concentration of salt - actually better food for their pests when under stress - adapted in several ways - almost entirely yellow colored and similar to chlorina * Some plants are also dangerous to tortoises - really fun to grow because they are so quick to mature - annuals - aquatic, but most have adapted to become terrestrial - better at controlling erosion on banks than others - carnivores - carnivorous and supplement their mineral supply by eating animals - classified as angiosperms - common in Europe and India - considered weeds by some farmers and crops by others * Some plants are consumed by anoas - dark green, some light green - deadly poisonous * Some plants are dependent on insects to carry pollen from one flower to another - upon mammals like bats or hummingbirds - directly seeded while others are transplanted - distant from their main area or they are on the boundary of it * Some plants are easier to class as invasive than others - dry than others - easy to start from seed early and can then be transplanted when it warms up * Some plants are eaten by caterpillars - edible only when properly prepared * Some plants are especially sensitive to boron accumulation - horticultural oils - even capable of producing their own insecticides - exceptionally susceptible to damages cause by overwatering - extraordinarily tolerant of drought - extremely difficult to root using other methods - food for the emotions and allow access to other dimensions through feelings - free-floating such as duckweed or water hyacinth - heterotrophs - in containers of various sizes - incredibly fibrous, like iris swords, and tend to string out rather than cut - indeterminant in growth, and continue to grow until killed by frost - inherently quite sensitive to oil - lethal even though they are natural - made for medicine for humans * Some plants are more adaptable to heavy clay soil, while others require well-drained soil - costly to maintain than others - prone to salt injury than others - resistant than others to viral, bacterial or fungal diseases * Some plants are more sensitive than others to pesticides - to salinity than others, depending on growth habit, root system, etc - specific too large for tubes - susceptible than others * Some plants are more susceptible to insect attack than others - pathogens at certain times of day than at others - tolerant of frost than others - mutualistic symbionts, epiphytes, or insectivorous * Some plants are naturally close pollinated, or self-fertilized - disease-resistant, so they require fewer pesticides than others - rare in the wild - now dependent on certain fertilizers to sustain proper growth - oaks - only partial parasites - over two metres tall and having five flowers on the tips of healthy stems - parasitic on others * Some plants are particularly suited to taking up and storing metals - susceptible to sunscald on their trunks - perfect for streams and waterfalls, tumbling over rocks and softening the rock edge - physically compatible * Some plants are poisonous or have been sprayed with poisonous pesticides - toxic, and they pose additional hazards as well - to horses and other livestock * Some plants are pollinated by fungus feeding flies that visit fungus infected male flowers - the wind, and some are pollinated by insects or other small animals - really prone to insects - recognized by fungal pathogens on the basis of their stomatal pores - resistent to different agents - said to produce root exudates that suppress herbaceous weeds * Some plants are sensitive to changes in temperature - disturbance - low humidity - the insecticide malathion - serotinous and only disperse their seeds in response to an environmental stimulus - slow to divide, such as large, blue colored plants - small and mounded with large flowers resting directly on top of the foliage - sources of poisons, addictive drugs, and hallucinogens - spiny - sporadic blooming and bloom as each new growth comes up and matures - susceptible to fluoride injury from treated water - temperature-sensitive, requiring steady warmth or coolness - thin and stringy - tolerant of inbreeding and can be self-pollinated * Some plants are toxic and, if eaten, can cause death - in very small amounts - to humans and animals - used in gardens or parks * Some plants are useful for humans - in repelling pests, while others attract beneficial insect life * Some plants are very hard to stop once they start growing - particular about where they grow - small, such as the dwarf willow and partridge grass * Some plants are very susceptible to certain problems - diseases while others have very few, if any, disease problems - insect and disease problems - tolerant the stress from harsh conditions or extreme variation in condition - weak while others are robust - widespread throughout many ecosystems and some are found only in the Andes * Some plants attract ants - birds too - dragonflies - gulls - pollen bees - rabbits - rodents - wasps - waterfowls * Some plants bear cylindrical fruit - only one flower per stem and are called solitary flowers * Some plants become agricultural weeds - common weeds - dominant plant life - emergence - environmental weeds - healthy plants - invasive weeds - leaf emergence - popular houseplants - quite bushy while others remain single stemmed * Some plants become serious environmental weeds - stature - toxic after wilting * Some plants benefit from being pinched back - the garden by fixing nitrogen, which enriches the soil - bleed heavily after pruning - bloom at night and fade the following day * Some plants bloom for several years * Some plants bloom in early spring, others in late summer, and some bloom for several months * Some plants bloom only on last year's wood, particularly spring bloomers like lilacs - so heavily that the foliage becomes obscured - break down acid * Some plants can absorb carbon dioxide from sediment at their roots - alter their metabolism to produce heat * Some plants can be at least as irritating as animals - harmful - pulled apart by hand, others require a sharp knife, still others a sharp spade * Some plants can cause a skin rash - considerable stomach upset with vomiting or diarrhea - continue without inbreeding from very few or only one plants to select from - cope with drought by going into some degree of dormancy - cover a fair amount of ground via self-sown seed - even be the source for both a spice and an herb - flower twice during the same season - grow from cut off leaves or stems * Some plants can grow in deserts - more sun than recommend if the soil is ideal * Some plants can have berries - ripen berries - the bitter or dangerous parts removed by leaching in running water * Some plants can help fight cancer, malaria and leukemia - strengthen the body and relax the mind - live in dry, arid conditions - maintain flower temps - meet their nitrogen requirements by obtaining it from the atmosphere - move a little in response to stimuli from the environment - only survive in the dampest of conditions, while others require a drier home * Some plants can produce clones from horizontal stems, such as runners - juvenile hormone mimics to protect themselves from feeding insects - reproduce from cuttings - send warnings to other individuals - stop invading microbes dead - store water in root structures, trunk structures, stems, and leaves * Some plants can survive easily through the winter by entering to a resting stage - for many years as seeds - tolerate as little as three hours of direct sunlight * Some plants can tolerate more damage than others - variation in water level than others - salt water - turn their leaves so only the leaf margin faces the sun - can, over time, adapt to changing salinity conditions - care about their soil * Some plants cause crop destruction - ecological problems - injuries - irritation - other ecological problems - skin irritation - sudden death - change their form as they mature - classified as endangered are orchids, cacti and some bromeliads - collapse from fungal infection early in the field tests - come back every year from the same seed like bulb plants * Some plants come from families - rhizome which is more mature than others - in both annual and perennial varieties like clover * Some plants come into flowers - their own in winter such as sedums with their showy seed heads * Some plants consist of fronds - leaf fronds * Some plants contain acid - beans - caffeine - components - compounds that slow microbial decay - enzymes that can destroy contaminants - fatty acid - higher concentrations of certain flavonoids - juice - latex - more protein or oil than others - multiple forms of invertase - nasty toxins - natural estrogens - phytochemicals that have effects on the body - phytoecdysones , which are structurally similar to the insect ecdysones - phytonutrients that are chemically similar to progesterone - rubber - saponins, which are detergents, or soaps, and present another danger for horses * Some plants contain several components - such components - significant amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber - silica - substances that cause moderate to severe reactions when eaten by humans - toxic components - xylem * Some plants convert salt water * Some plants cope with desert conditions by growing only where the environment is milder - water loss problems * Some plants cover ground at an amazing rate and are best used in relatively rough areas - mulch * Some plants create dependency * Some plants depend directly on bats for pollination or seed dispersal * Some plants develop dew - extremely dangerous fungal toxins * Some plants develop from germinate spores - into adults - seeds without fertilization, however - small concentric rings on the foliage or fruit - water-storing strategies - within ovaries * Some plants die after flowers - at the time when their fruits mature i.e. cereals, peas, soybeans, etc - from root rot organisms that enter the damaged roots - if they have too much sunshine - of thirsts - display cotyledons * Some plants do best in partial shade - better in an alkali soil than in an acidic soil and vice versa - cross-fertilize in nature - much better with what's called bottom heat - thrive off salt water * Some plants do well in low light levels, some in high - only when grown from seed * Some plants drop fruit - lower leaves as the plant matures * Some plants eat animals such as ants and flies - meat - emerge in autumn * Some plants emit the hydrocarbon isoprene from their leaves when T and light are high - their own chemical cry for help when being eaten by insects - encourage estrogen production and thus discourage male fertility - enhance water clarity * Some plants enter deep dormancy * Some plants enter rest periods at some time of the year - during the fall and winter in response to shortening days - summer dormancy - winter dormancy - equip their seeds to fly with the wind * Some plants even act like pitchers and trap water in their funnel shaped foliage - attract beneficial insects - do tricks, like the evening primroses that open at dusk on summer nights - grow little plants on their leaves or root when a piece of stem is buried - have no leaves or small seasonal leaves that grow after it rains - live on others - evolve woody stems - exhibit damage * Some plants exist as the chicken or the diploid phase - experience complete darkness - exude chemicals which can control other forms of life * Some plants feed birds - cattle - grasshoppers * Some plants find in deserts - prairie - wet prairie - fix carbon * Some plants flower early in the Spring - growing season, while some flower later in the year - immediately after snow melting or soil thawing - only during a certain time of the year - follow patterns * Some plants form basal rosettes * Some plants form dense mats - large colonies - only a few seeds, while others form many seeds - pollen that fertilizes eggs in the flower or cone, others produce spores - roots much more easily than others - shoot buds easily and the plant becomes a pest - spiny mats - tight rosettes - vegetative colonies - gain sustenance * Some plants germinate in either light or dark conditions * Some plants get food - plant food - so hungry they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs - their start through what is called asexual, or vegetative, reproduction - tough plant food * Some plants give off emit vapor * Some plants go dormant in winter - when drought occurs and shed their leaves so that water loss is reduced * Some plants graft naturally - well, others fail to transplant * Some plants grow along edges - lagoons - narrow streams - readsides - roads * Some plants grow as herbs * Some plants grow at ambient concentration - current ambient concentration - desert museums * Some plants grow at elevate concentration - ozone concentration * Some plants grow best in a hot sun, others thrive with a couple of hours of daily shade - cold rainy weather - full sun while others prefer partial shade * Some plants grow better at one time of the year than others - in water, while others grew well in dry soil - cattails - embryos - few feet * Some plants grow for fruit - long time * Some plants grow from buds - bulbs which can grow small new bulbs at the root level - leaf tips - shape bulbs - stumps - higher than others for sunlight * Some plants grow in alpine tundra - aquaria - arid zones - beds - canyon bottoms - chambers - cliffs - clumps to protect one another from the wind and cold - coastal cliffs - communities - cool weather - cracks * Some plants grow in deep shades - difficult terrains * Some plants grow in dry deserts - elevate ozones - forests or caves that get very little sunlight - garden beds - growth chambers - high salinity - isolation - lakes - mass - neighborhoods - nurseries - oceans - partial shades - plots - rock gardens * Some plants grow in salt lakes - second years - shallow water - soil that has collected in the cracks of rocks - soil-free environments - stand water * Some plants grow in steep cliffs - the hot, dry desert - thickness - troughs - vertical cliffs - near truffles - nettles - nodes * Some plants grow on beaches * Some plants grow on dry beds - river beds - face slopes - ledges - limestone pavement - ranges - southward slopes - thorny bushes - tree trunks - wastewater * Some plants grow over many years - several feet - to feet - under shades - underground stems called rhizomes - underwater - well together - with compost - handle drought stress better than others * Some plants have a different way of protecting themselves - dry dehiscent fruit which, when split open and helps disseminate seeds - high capability of accumulating metals from the soil - higher tolerance for salt than others - natural bushy habit, with each stem creating further side shoots - new chute growing beside the existing stalk - abundances - adaptive ability - additional systems to remove nutrients and pathogens - adequate leaf areas - an equally infallible method of sex-determination - antibacterial activities - arch habits - aromatic foliage and stems in addition to or rather than aromatic flowers - barbs or similar mechanisms on their seeds - beneficial fungi - big wide leaves and some have spiked ones - biomass - bloom habits - both edible and poisonous parts * Some plants have both male and female flowers, others have one or the other - branch habits - broad blades - burrs attached to their seeds - bushy habits - buttress roots - canes - capsules - catkins - channels - circles - clear gels - coats - compact habits - cones - cool towers * Some plants have deep hollows called domatia in the biologocial terminology - red new growth - develop vascular tissue * Some plants have different growth requirements - nutrient requirements - rooting ability at different times of the year - digestion - distribution - double flowers - dry biomass - emissions - exceedingly long life-spans - extremely hairy leaves or thick, waxy cuticles that deter insect feeding * Some plants have flower heads - spikes - flowers that are small, colourless or green or brown and are often hard to notice - flowers, while some have different kinds of seeds - fruit capsules - glands - glandular hairs on their leaves, stems, and pods - glossy coats - good green color - great medicinal value, some are quite poisonous * Some plants have green algas * Some plants have grow algas - growth habits - hairs on their stems that keep robbers from even reaching the flower cluster - hard tissue - hard, waxy seed coats that are nearly waterproof - hearts * Some plants have high values - water requirements - holes - inflorescences - irregular areas - juicy fruit that animals like to eat * Some plants have large cool towers - vacuoles * Some plants have leaf areas - lilies * Some plants have long inflorescences - roots called taproots - shoots and spur shoots , on which flowering often occurs - slender stems that develop roots when they touch the ground - longer life spans than others - low tolerance - lower resistance - male flowers, others female flowers that form fruit - marvelous leaves that look great in arrangements - maximum leaf areas - meristematic tissue in unexpected places * Some plants have more pronounced sex organs than others - than one stem while some single-stem plants clump together - motors that are one-fifth the size of bacterial motors * Some plants have multiple trunks - national societies working on their behalf - native plant abundances - natural defenses against fire - necks - niches - one leaf to start their lives out with, and some have a pair * Some plants have optimum ranges - temperature ranges - other bark characteristics which can be mistaken for problems - pads - parts that are safe only during a certain stage of their growth - peculiar habits - principles - prominent blotches in yellow or gold, while others are uniform in color - protective coats - rainwater - red color - reputations - roots and are securely rooted into rocks * Some plants have roots that can produce new plants from root pieces, such as a sweet potato - originate above ground from stems or leaves - rough texture - second year plants - seed pods that explode and send all the seeds all over the ground * Some plants have seeds contained in large pods - within fruits acting as kites or propellers that aid in wind dispersal - without flowers such as a pine tree - sepals - separate individual plants - sharp needles - silver sheen - single spikes * Some plants have slender capsules - small distribution ranges and others are widespread - soft, fuzzy leaves or flowers, like lamb's ear, woolly thyme, and pussy willow - spears - specific pH preferences - spinach - sprawl habits - sticky pads - strong odor - structural modification - substances that are very irritating to the tongue, mouth and skin * Some plants have tall flower spikes - terminal inflorescences - the ability to sprout when the above ground portion has been burned - their seeds opened up and exposed to ash-enriched soils * Some plants have thick coats * Some plants have thick waxy coats - thicker leaves, like magnolia - three or four tunnels per stalk - tolerance ranges - unique ways to disperse their seeds * Some plants have upright growth habits - variations in foliage colour from one time of the year to the next - very long roots which grow in to the ground to reach underground water sources * Some plants have waxy coats - surfaces to cut down on evaporation - webbing roots that look like a lot of hairs in a ball or clump * Some plants have wide host ranges - wildfires - wind burn from the windy conditions - wind-dispersed seeds, which are occasionally blown many miles from their origins * Some plants help animals - burns - minor burns * Some plants help prevent cardiovascular diseases - hide deadly poisons in their leaves, seeds, flowers or berries - improve digestion * Some plants increase diversity - soil erosion - turbidities - infected with rose mosaic virus remain symptomless - inhibit growth - initiate flowering after having undergone exposure to a period of cold * Some plants invade areas - farmland - lawns - natural areas - irritate skin * Some plants just get bigger and bigger in size - like to grow and show - take longer to wake up from their naps - kill plants - know as ferns * Some plants lack flower petals - layer themselves naturally, but sometimes plant propagators assist the process - lead to specialization * Some plants lend themselves to an upright posture - home germination better than others - listed as annuals are actually tender perennials * Some plants live for centuries - decades * Some plants live in arid conditions - estuaries - fresh water and some live in salt water - rivers - savanna * Some plants look like cacti * Some plants lose little moisture - their gloss and start to droop a little before wilting - love sunny windows and others love shade * Some plants make a cover for their seeds - lot of seeds , some make only a few - companion plants - cut flowers - daughter plants at the rosette base or along the rhizome * Some plants make great cut flowers - house plants - meals - nectar outside the flower - next meals - pot plants - powerful allies in the battle against harmful insects - substances that can kill an animal that ingests the plant - use of multiple vectors, but many are highly specialised - mate by sending their pollen, which is like sperm, out to fertilize other plants - mature early, some late - mix with water - move water faster than others - naturally attract lots of butterflies * Some plants obtain energy * Some plants occur in counties - day deserts * Some plants offer biological potency - their seeds without juicy pulp to attract mammals - only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die * Some plants originate from environments - in places * Some plants perform best when given more of a certain color light - better in the shade, some in full sun - photosynthesize in full sunlight while others function better in shaded environments - play possum until the water comes - pollinated by night-flying moths only open their flowers at night * Some plants possess ability * Some plants prefer a more alkaline soil, while others prefer a more acid soil - acidic, while other prefer alkaline - average humidity - disturb areas * Some plants prefer more moisture, while others are better at tolerating drought - water than others - soils of a certain pH value and others of another - staying on the dry side, others, like to be consistently moist - the ammonium form of N, and others like to take up nitrate first - to dry out a bit between waterings * Some plants prefer wet areas, some prefer dry ones - soils, while others like a dry site - wet, boggy soil * Some plants prevent diseases - outbreaks - process non-Kosher soups and sauces * Some plants produce a modified stem that is referred to as a tuberous stem - adventitious shoots and suckers that form along their lateral roots - an underground food storage organ - antibodies - bananas - better rooting when cuttings are taken from juvenile parts of the plant * Some plants produce both eggs and sperm - parasitic roots and ordinary roots for absorp- tion of water from the soil - cell types * Some plants produce chemicals from their roots that retard the growth of other nearby plants - that deter the pest - cobs - cucumbers - edible fruit - electricity * Some plants produce female cones - flowers when they turn into adults - flowers, transforming to a bulb, and the bulb is the seed container * Some plants produce fruit stalks - that is attractive - grapes - green peas - gummosis or sap that traps insects - healthy fruit - high quality fruit - large amounts of tiny light pollen grains which blow over long distances - large, sweet, perishable fruits - long stalks - materials which mimic insect hormones - melons - much fruit - multicellular organs * Some plants produce new plant shoots from their root systems - plants on their own - oblong fruit - offspring which are genetically similar to themselves - oils which can cause skin irritation - palm oil - phloem - pineapples - poisonous chemicals that discourage or even kill plant eaters - pollen cones - poor quality fruit * Some plants produce red berries - rhizomes and suckers which are identical to the parent plant - seeds by an asexual process called apomixis - shape fruit * Some plants produce small cones - round berries - so many seeds and volunteer plants that they become overcrowded and invasive - soft fruit - storage organs - sugary fruit - sweet fruit - tall stalks - tasty fruit - tendrils - thin stalks - toxic chemicals that can kill pathogens - toxins which can kill insects that feed on plants - tropical fruit - turnips - two kinds of flowers on the same plant - underground storage organs - up to fruit - variegated leaves for genetic reasons - yellow fruit - yellow, white, red, or pink flowers * Some plants propagate naturally by layering, but sometimes plant propagators assist the process - e.g., raspberries, strawberries, and chrysanthemums * Some plants protect blossoms - embryonic sporophytes - their buds as an adaptive strategy to survive a fire - themselves using cunning tricks with molucules * Some plants provide excellent hide places - extrafloral nectaries to attract ants - good food - sanctuaries * Some plants reach adulthood - react to cold temperatures by developing dark, almost black leaves that curl * Some plants receive energy - recycle cooling water * Some plants reduce consumption - transpiration * Some plants reduce water consumption - loss by reducing heating by the sun - refuse to flower, while others drop flower buds and foliage when exposed to gases - regenerate quickly while others take many years longer to regenerate - release defensive chemicals into the soil through their roots - rely more on heat, others more on light * Some plants rely on animals - fungal mycorrhizae for their sugars and some depend on saprophytic soil fugus - nitrogen extracted from air and other - symbiotic fungi * Some plants remain plants - rosetted all season * Some plants remove carbon dioxide - toxins from the environment and can be used to control indoor air quality - water from foundation soil, causing a drying effect * Some plants replace seedlings - reproduce asexually but are multi-cellular * Some plants reproduce by a mixture of outcrossing, selfing, and asexual reproduction - asexual means - producing seeds - to form similar identical plants by sending out runners e.g. strawberry * Some plants reproduce use haploid spores - via a system of above-ground runners - without seeds * Some plants require a drop in night temperature to bloom - particular night length to flower - soil very high in organic materials that have an acid reaction - all day sun to be at their best - as little as one-tenth of full sunlight - full sun all day - high humidity to survive - irrigation * Some plants require lots of potassium, more than any other nutrient - warm sunshine, but others are okay with just a few hours of cool light - moist soil, some a drier soil * Some plants require more effort than others - water and some plants require less water - much more frequent application of water as opposed to others - quarantine - special mixes, e.g., bromeliads, orchids, and African violets - very specialised environments while others are more tolerant - watering more often - wetting and drying cycles to reproduce, such as river red gums * Some plants resemble basils - buttercups - celery - tree ferns * Some plants respond to attacks - herbivory by modifying their architecture - insect attacks - resprout from the roots after a fire - retain petioles - root so readily from stem or tip cuttings they can be started in plain tap water - scatter their seeds by using the wind * Some plants secrete nectar - wax in small quantity but some are regular source of commercial wax - seems to have been infected by a foliar fungal disease, brown spot * Some plants send roots all the way to the ground - up shoots from their roots and form big clumps of stalks and leaves - serve as food - shed spores - shield their leaves with a thick, waxy cuticle * Some plants show colorful orange and red tints rather than yellowing - dark green, water-soaked areas in leaves which expand rapidly - excellent tolerance to anoxia - foliage damage to the tops with actual loss currently being measured - greater attractiveness than others - ion uptake - leaf damage from the recent freeze - no early symptoms of drought stress - only moderate stunting - stress from the dry weather - uneven fruit setting due to the earlier freeze * Some plants simply break in a heavy storm - evade drought * Some plants spread flowers * Some plants sprout from rhizomes - start flowers - stop other plants seeds from sprouting, seem like some just retard other plants roots - store protective chemicals in the leaves they drop - suffer extinction * Some plants suffer from deficiencies * Some plants support adult butterflies - their larvae while others support adult butterflies * Some plants suppress accumulation - survive bitter winter * Some plants survive cold weather * Some plants survive dry seasons - entire seasons * Some plants survive first grow seasons * Some plants survive for decades - hard frost - in zones - last frost - light frost - mild winter - quakes - wet winter * Some plants take advantage of rivers, floods, rain, or ocean currents to disperse their seeds - as much water during their first year of establishment as any other plant - less pruning than others - longer to root than others - over gardens * Some plants take up and store fluorides in their leaves and stems - excess carbon dioxide - more or less of certain chemicals from the ground than others * Some plants tend to be more robust than others - bud out earlier than others - continue growing, despite cold temperatures and reduced day length - grow upright with little lateral growth - hold the soap solution on their leaf surfaces * Some plants thrive in partial shade, others tolerate heavy shade - particularly well in an indoor environment - under moist conditions while other plants grow well when kept drier * Some plants tolerate damage - dry conditions better than others - moderate drought - neglect better than others - touch surfaces - transformed with pieces of viral genomes are resistant to viral infection - transpire large amounts of water, while others use relatively little - try to protect themselves, as with the palm with spikes below * Some plants turn black, or show dead spots in leaf midribs - in respect to sun - purple at harvest time - towards light or water - typically have flowers - undergo mitosis * Some plants use animals to spread their fruits and seeds - chemical defences - different strategies - fission fusion - for tea - fossil fuel - generalist pollinators * Some plants use in folk medicine - mexican traditional medicine - south african traditional medicine - moving water to scatter their seeds - nuclear fission - poisons to protect themselves from hungry animals * Some plants use the heat to their advantage - wind to carry their pollen whereas others use insects - thorns to protect themselves from being eaten by larger animals - uranium - various strategies - wind to disperse pollen * Some plants utilize gases - insects in their defense - nitrogen gases * Some plants yield berries - peanuts - vegetables * absolutely do eat. * absorb a narrow range of light in the blue and red spectrums - all colors of light except for green - and use carbon dioxide, and put oxygen back into the air - blue and red light best, in white light * absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen - release oxygen through photosynthesis - from the air and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis * absorb carbon dioxide from the air, during the process of photosynthesis - through the stomata present in their leaves * absorb carbon dioxide through openings in the leaves, called stomata - excess nitrogen from fertilizer runoff - groundwater and use it to make food through photosynthesis * absorb it from the air during photosynthesis - atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide * absorb light by using it leaf and absorb water by using it roots - of many wavelengths, but mostly in the blue and red range - primarily using the pigment chlorophyll - metals and other soil components so long as the particles are small enough - minerals and water through their root hair cells * absorb minerals from the soil and are, therefore, subject to local variations - minerals, such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, from the soil - nitrates from the soil - nitrogen through their root systems - noise * absorb nutrients from soil - the surrounding area - phosphates from the soil or from water and build organic compounds - phosphorus through their roots in the form of phosphate - salt and nutrients in water trough the root - some uranium from soil - sunlight to make sugar - tebuthiuron from the soil and metabolize it * absorb the carbon dioxide and release oxygen - dissolved phosphate and build phosphorus into organic compounds - iron through the leaves - light from the sun into small green pigments in the leaves called chlorophyll - nitrogen that is left in decay products such as ammonia or ammonium - red and blue wavelengths of light energy, and reflect the green wavelength - sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis - their nutrients in inorganic form * absorb water and minerals and create flowers and leaves - in a process called osmosis - the nutrients from the water via their roots systems - from soil and groundwater stores * absorb water from the earth - ground up through their roots * absorb water through their roots through a process called osmosis - roots, and carbon dioxide through their leaves * accumulate energy through photosynthesis - increased pathogen resistance and hardiness * actively repond to human attention. * actually are more adaptable than most people - have some hemoglobin - respond to the length of the dark period, rather than the light - use sunlight to convert air into food * adapt in order to survive - the size and shape of their organs in response to external conditions - their growth and development to their local environment * adapt to environmental change through physical adaptation - survive in the big blue * adapt to the climates and soils of each mountain ecosystem, from grassland to cloudforest - environment by modifying their leaves, stem and roots - hot, dry terrain by growing small leaves - inhospitable soil * adapt to their environment when conditions change - environments and so certain plants are only found in certain climates - environments... or they cease to exist - weather conditions * adapted to drought are called xerophytes - environments where there is little water are - self-fertilize often have similar stamen and carpel lengths * add life and color to a home environment - oxygen to the water and use up carbon dioxide only wen they are actively making food * adds nitrogen to the soil. * adjust to the conditions of their environment through growth responses. - quality of life in more intangible ways * affected by root rot show an inward curling of the leaves. * afford protection from predators and the elements and provide nesting sites for birds. * alliums such as garlic and chives. * alone can synthesize living matter by the process of photosynthesis. * already produce a limited number of monomers. * also absorb nutrients through small openings in leaves, the stomata - rainfall into the soil, reducing soil erosion and runoff - adapt to their environments in order to survive * also appear to be at risk from a cascade of extinctions - relatively intolerant of grazing - are injured when insects lay eggs in green twigs * also attract chi - insects, worms, and spiders which, in turn, act as food for other wildlife - can participate in a number of benign or beneficial interactions with microbes - carry immune receptors that recognize highly variable pathogen effectors * also compete for space, nutrients and resources such as water and sunlight - with each other for light and minerals - contribute to human habitat by maintaining water quality - convert sunlight into other forms of energy - depend on animals for energy * also differ in the extent and distribution of their root systems - their ability to survive frost and their sun or shade requirements - do some respiration using oxygen the way animals do - eliminate waste by the accumulation of waste in the vacuoles of the aging leave cells - emit pheromone cues which dictate insect behaviors - feed animals and feed people, for one form of chemical energy - filter out nutrients and sediments * also get food from the soil - yucky things that come from fungi * also grow faster after a burn - from buds on root fragments cut by cultivation or other equipment - great in a gravel and sand mix - rapidly to flowering size - grow, reproduce mostly by producing seeds during their lifetime and die * also have a high level of construction called plant tissue systems - axillary buds along the sides of their stems which are usually dormant - different shapes - homeobox-containing genes - immune systems - little ability to adapt to the changing climate - natural defense mechanisms, similar to the immune system of humans - special means to ensure cross-pollination * also have the ability to reproduce through seeds, stems, etc - advantage that they bind the soil, reducing soil erosion - same mechanism as animals to maintain homeostasis - to defend against insects * also help filter water that is then stored in mountains, streams, lakes, and aquifers - fix up the look of a home - produce oxygen and remove carbon dioxide aboard a spacecraft * also help to keep our world looking the way it is - the water clean, and produce oxygen in the daytime - lack the means to move on their own as well as a nervous system - live in communities, such as in the forest - look nice as a groundcover around shrubs - love the season and begin growing new roots, foliage, and flowers - make many other toxic compounds - manufacture vitamin E which protects the fatty structures of the body - migrate to new habitats through dispersal of their seeds - modify and develop the soil - play a role in the water cycle * also possess a third genome in their chloroplasts - morphogenesis whereby tissues and organs are dif- ferentiated and developed - prevent erosion and produce oxygen - process agricultural products for export * also produce fewer and smaller flowers and appear nutrient deficient - hormones and respond to external stimuli - many by-products such as turpentine, dyes, resin, mulch, decorative bark, etc - oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis - wood which is still the most common fuel on the planet * also provide a surface for microbial colonization - balance to our earth * also provide cover and nesting habitat which songbirds seek out each spring - for the birds - hiding places and shade - organic matter to the soil, contributing to soil fertility or water retention * also provide the animals with shade and shelter - four basic needs of most wildlife - raise the amount of oxygen in the air and reduce stuffiness * also reduce standing water and runoff by making the surface more permeable - the impact of raindrops on exposed soil, decreasing erosion - regenerate from perennating buds located on caudices and rhizomes - rely on the uptake of a wide range of different elements dissolved in soil water * also remove calcium and magnesium - greenhouse gas from the air, provide habitat to many animals - reproduce vegetatively from underground stems * also require cellular respiration - copper in minute amounts - phosphate, which is exceptionally low in the soils of many tropical nations - respire, as do animals * also respond to changes in humidity - day length, temperature and other environmental factors - stimuli, but usually in ways very different from animals - the cooler days - their environment in a way to optimize their own growth - wind or touch - root from cuttings but are susceptible to nematodes * also seem to know the difference between rain and irrigation - listen to the vibrations of one another - serve other purposes - they purify the water, generate oxygen, and scrub carbon dioxide - show activity periodicity - soak up nutrients from the soil - stabilize mobile contaminated sediments by forming dense root mats under the surface * also store vitamin K in their fruits and seeds as well - waste within their leaves or barks - strike readily from cuttings of hardened new growth - sucker readily and new clumps appear regularly beside established plants * also suffer - growth slows, stops or worse - the effects of ozone - survive cold winters better in loamy, humus-rich soils * also take in carbon dioxide and in doing so help to regulate the air temperature - dioxide, release oxygen, and filter the air to some extent - up excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus wastes from the fish - try to stay as cool as possible - undergo a winter slowdown * also use glucose to make cellulose , a substance they use to grow and build cell wall s - oxygen found in the air in order to use the food energy that they have made - scents to repel or kill insects or to communicate with other plants - sugars as building blocks for other organic compounds, including cellulose - volatile compounds to warn other plants * alstroemeria in full sun in well-drained soil. * amaryllis bulbs in pots, leaving the necks of the bulbs exposed above the soil. * appear as if they are suffering a nutritional deficiency - dwarfed and bushy because internodes are shortened - gray early on - grayish green in color * appear green because chlorophyll absorbs other colors and reflects green - their main pigments absorb green light - in various shades of green * appear stunted and slow growing from feeding injury on roots and rhizomes - wilt in hot, dry weather - stunted, chlorotic and wilted even when soil moisture is high * appear to be frost tolerant - more robust in open marshes - very compact with short internodes and many side shoots * appear to have allelopathic properties - inherited the alternation of generations from the multicellular green algae - tolerate relatively high tissue concentrations of molybdenum - unthrifty, small, and weak - water soaked and die rapidly - windburned with dehydrated leaf margins in the upper canopy * appreciate average to lean soils in full sun - consistent soil moisture - rich, moist soil in the back of the border, in sun or part-shade * are Earth's fundamental food - Living Things * are a common cause of poisoning to preschoolers - direct or indirect source of food for most organisms living on earth - finite and precious resource that requires efficient, wise and sustainable management - fundamental part of the food chain and essential to life - main source of food for both humans and animals * are a major food source for many other organisms - source of iron for most of the world s people - necessary living link in the web of life - part of the spirit world and people can connect to the spirit world through plants - primary form of organic material - third element * are a very important part of the habitats animals live in - strong ecological factor - vital component of the Earth * are able absorb dissolved solids only when they are present in a very dilute form - sufficiently to accumulate most trace elements - to close stomata * are able to make their own food by photosynthesis - food using energy from the sun - manufacture food through a process called photosynthesis - metabolize amitrole - mix carotenoids in just the right proportions to produce the desired colors - respond to pathogen attack to restrain development of a systemic infection - sense seasonal changes - specifically recognize pathogens and actively respond - store energy in the chemical bonds of sugar molecules - survive because they contain chlorophyll to make food - take up nutrients much more efficiently in at least gently flowing water * are able to transform the energy of the sun into growth in their leaves, stems and fruit - selenium they absorb into organic compounds - use ammonia as a source of nitrogen - withstand fire * are about knee high and upper leaves are sporulating heavily - two feet tall and the color light green - absolutely dependent on light for their survival - abundant on Earth because they can survive in a variety of climates - actually a phenomenal organism - adaptable to various pH ranges - adaptable, tolerating moist or moderately dry soil * are adapted to a wide variety of habitats - live in a wide variety of places - obtain light and food efficiently through photosynthesis - survive between a minimum and a maximum limits of temperature - turn their leaves towards a light source * are affected by light, nnutrients and space - multiple pathogens throughout their lifetime - all multicellular eukaryotes and most live on land - allotetraploids * are also a cost-effective way of cleaning up hazardous waste - autotrophic, or photosynthetic - capable of rapid and reversible changes in shape - divided into avoiders and tolerators - excellent indicators of the climate in which they live - good so that the females have plenty of hiding spaces * are also important components of our recreational and home landscapes - to water regeneration - indicators of lake water quality - phototropic, which means they grow towards sources of light - popular subjects for photographers and artists - relevant, especially when they are threatened or sensitive - subject to the same sorts of forces as animals - susceptible to minute pH changes in the soil * are also the basis for agriculture, aquaculture and horticulture - homes of many animals, small and big - oldest living things - source of beverages produced either by infusion, such as coffee and tea - useful as nesting materials for most birds - very active * are always at the bottom of the food chain or web - green, blossoming in all seasons - amazingly adaptable organisms * are an example of autotrophs - important component for space-based and extraterrestrial life support systems * are an important component of regenerative life support systems for long-duration missions - wildlife habitat - food source or habitat for many different reef animals - source of food and shelter for insects in the blast zone - integral part of our daily life - investment in time and money - annuals that are very susceptible to frost * are as interesting and diverse as animals - intricate and complicated as animals * are at roughly the two leaf stage - the base of the food chain * are at the bottom of the energy pyramid and are vital to all organisms - their most efficient in average levels of sunlight - work in winter, too * are attractive hosts for microorganisms since they provide a variety of nutrients - to teething children and pets - autotroph, meaning they get energy from other resources such as sunlight - autotrophic in nutritional mode, making their food by photosynthesis - autotrophic, meaning they are self-feeding * are autotrophs and the primary producers in most ecosystems - meaning they make their own food - autotrophs, meaning they produce their own food using energy from the sun * are available in a wide variety of flower colors and growth habits - many forms, and have small fruits of various shapes and colors - basic to the existence of natural habitats and their communities, as well as to humans - believed to have evolved directly from prokaryotic cyanobacteria - bent and stems and branches are broken - best divided just as the leaves are emerging in the spring or after flowering - biennials or short-lived perennials - big enough by the beginning of the next season to yield stumps - biological solar energy collectors - bolt and frost resistant - books - both beautiful and helpful to the environment - brittle and break easily - brownish green and can be either dull or glossy * are by far the main primary producers of food - most important, as they compete with the algae for light and nutrients * are called autotrophs - primary producers in food chains * are called producers because they produce food - their own energy * are capable of blooms - manufacturing food through a process known as photosynthesis - parasitizing numerous grass species - receiving genetic information from viruses by horizontal gene transfer - removing large quantities of water from soils - taking up toxic chemicals from soil contamination - categorized into two groups - chemical factories * are classified according to their flower or sexual structures - as hydrophytes, phreatophytes, mesophytes, or xerophytes - by the number of growing seasons required to complete a life cycle * are classified into groups based on their structures - two large groups, vascular plants and nonvascular plants - taxonomically into families, genera, species, varieties, etc - closely interwoven with the physical and spiritual life of the Japanese people - clump-formers with hairy stems - common in desert and grassland areas of Arizona * are compact and easy to grow producing an abundance of fruit throughout the summer - set fruit in both the crown and on the limbs - well-branched - with shiny green foliage - completely different physiologically from mammals * are complex chemical factories - living organisms * are considered as living things because they breathe, grow and reproduce in different ways - producers because they give off energy - to be autotrophs * are consumed by animals who utilize it - created by seeds - cross-pollinated - crucial for the health of all animals * are dangerous at all times - throughout the year, even when they have matured and dried - dark blue-green with short rigid leaves that stand out at right angles - day-length sensitive - deciduous in colder areas over winter * are deer resistant, flowers attract butterflies * are dependent on environment - light in order to carry out the function known as photosynthesis - descended from the green algae - designed to do one thing and that is to reproduce - determinate, medium large, upright, spreading and medium to late maturing - determined to grow - dieocious, developing large cones * are different colors - from animals because they can make their own food * are difficult to control with herbicides once the flowering stems have begun to elongate - divide, but cuttings can be taken from non-flowering shoots in summer * are dioecious, meaning male and female flowers grow on separate plants - there are separate male and female plants * are disease resistant and easily grown from cuttings * are divided into four broad categories based on their mode of reproduction - main phyla based on shared characteristics - dormant in the winter - dormant, temperatures are cool and rainfall is abundant * are drought resistant and does well even in cooler climates - respond well to favorable conditions * are drought tolerant and have few insect and disease problems - yield well - once established - with most species having a taproot or short compact rhizomes - dry when pruned or otherwise handled - dwarf and very compact - dwarfed and can be either brilliant red or yellow - dwarfed, bushy, and twisted * are early to flower - with short semiprostrate early growth - easier to find because growers are forced to plant close to a road or a water source - easily grow and adaptable in the landscape * are easy to grow and bloom midsummer through fall - care for - grow quickly from seed - they produce tall, sturdy stalks - very heat and drought tolerant - from cuttings, many of which already have aerial roots - in average or dry soils in part sun or part shade - with flowers a red to red maroon in color * are eaten by animals - many organisms that can only obtain their energy by feeding on other organisms - edibles * are either alive or dead - fire resistant or resprout * are either male or female but have been known to change sex - with flowers on seperate plants - female, never both - male, which produce the pollen, or female, which produce the berries - monoecious or dioecious - vascular or non-vascular - energy producers and animals are energy consumers - erect and self-supporting, very winter hardy with no disease problems - especially suitable for genetic modification because most plant cells are totipotent * are essential for any ecosystem - nurseries for young fish, where they can escape predators and find food * are essential to life on earth - the balance of nature and in people's lives - eukaryotic, multicellular, with specialization * are even a type of entertainment for primates - more sensitive to ozone than humans * are evergreen, and the leaves often come through the winter unblemished - mat or clump-forming, occasionally stoloniferous perennials - their shapes varying, horizontal and spreading to upright - everywhere - evolved from aquatic protists * are extremely diverse and thus, there are a variety of different species - efficient at converting light energy into the initial reaction products - important to humankind - vigorous and productive - far from being defenceless against viruses - few branched - first, as they derive their energy from the sun * are found growing on cliffs and in scrub, usually on limestone - in all sorts of environments - four feet apart with ten feet between rows - fragile and often cook so that the carbon only remains - free-branching and able to tolerate warm temperatures in the South - frequently poor in calcium, which is important to any growing vertebrate - friends to everyone in the web of life - frost-sensitive - fundamental for sustainable development * are fundamental to all of life - survival and people are curious about living organisms - further beneficial since they raise oxygen levels in the water * are generally erect in turfs of closely packed stems - fully dormant with no obvious signs of active growth - healthy, though sometimes on close inspection aphids are noticed - only mildly stunted, if at all - robust with large, showy heads - genetically variable and highly plastic depending on environmental conditions - good seed producers but show great variability in their ability to germinate - grayish-green from a covering of stiff hairs - great to look at, especially when they have pretty flowers - green because they contain chlorophyll - grouped into floras based on region , period , special environment , or climate * are grown for a period of time under low-light levels and with fewer nutrients - under aseptic conditions in special media - hairless - hairy, with rose colored flower heads, and are relished by all kinds of livestock - hardier and more disease-resistant - hardy and vigorous - hardy, easy to grow, and their fruit make excellent jams, jellies, preserves, and pies - harvested when the flowers are ripe - healthier and more resistant to insect and disease attack * are healthy Petunia alive with color - but have no flowers * are heat and drought tolerant and thrive in poor soils * are heavy feeders and require fertilizer every two to three weeks in the growing season - so dress the soil regularly with well-rotted manure or finished compost - foliaged to protect fruit - heavy-yielding and tolerate extreme heat and wetness - highly competitive and often grow in dense colonies * are highly competitive for soil moisture with winter annuals and shallow-rooted perennials - resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew * are highly variable and many regional biotypes exist - wild forms of the cultivated sunflower - with many regional biotypes - holistic systems in which everything affects everything else - hybrid, genetically altered, and no longer reproductive - immeasurably important in medicine - immensely important for the consumer goods they provide - imperfectly dioecious - important for having changed the composition of the Earth's atmosphere * are important to add oxygen through photosynthesis and to provide food - our health * are in a period of rapid growth and highly susceptible to herbicide treatment - full bloom and heavy with fruit - indeterminate, produce well until frost - indicative of dry calcareous environments - intolerant of shade at all stages of growth - key features of all wetlands - known to respond to environmental stimuli by producing auxins - large and open with fragile stems * are large and quick growing with very deep color - growing, good for mechanical harvesting and processing - quick-growing - spreading and bloom sparsely with white blossoms - upright to spreading * are large with a decumbent growth habit - an upright growth habit * are large, erect or spreading - slightly spreading with thick stems that are prominently angled * are late ripening with vigorous open and spreading growth - ripening, productive, and vigorous with erect growth - late, medium-large sized, moderately upright but becoming spreading at maturity * are leafy and highly palatable with good feeding value both summer and winter - nutritious, with dense basal leaves * are less complex in structure than animals, and have their own means of excretion - expensive to produce because of the ease of harvesting, storing and shipping - likely to suffer from pests and diseases when their cultural needs are met - sensitive at night and during periods of slower growth - susceptible to pests and diseases because they are naturally heathy * are light green, stunted and stands become thin - yellow in color and stunted - light, dark, thin, thick, mottled, marbled - like dogs and cats, sentient beings * are likely to be stunted and wilted - start flowering in their second year - limited to algae, lichens and mosses - listed alphabetically by their botanical name - live, feeling beings, capable even of emotional reacting - living objects, sensitive, rooted in space * are located in dirt - flower pots - greenhouses - porchs - shelfs - windowsills - low and shrubby and have tough, waxy leaves - low-growing ground covers, resistant to fire and low in fuel volume * are made of a polymer called cellulose - up mostly of a substance known as cellulose - main season in maturity * are mainly concerned with gaining energy from their light source via photosynthesis - ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees - mat-like, animals are few * are medium in size and spreading in habit - size, erect to spreading * are medium large and erect - spreading with stems that are medium-thick and prominently angled * are medium large, moderately upright to spreading - upright and compact - sized and spreading - sized, upright and vigorous - tall, of winter habit - to large and spreading * are medium to large, erect and spreading - initially upright and later spreading and dense - medium-large to large and upright - medium-late maturity, tall, vigorous and upright - medium-sized with long broad leaves and pink flowers - merely a mass of tissue, without sense of their surroundings - miniature mounds of bloom * are moderately resistant to blackspot, and susceptible to rust - vigorous, very productive, and possess some resistance to powdery mildew - monoecious and are primarily wind pollinated - monophyletic * are more apt to fall over in part shade - drought resistant in the seedling stage than alfalfa or clovers - evolved than minerals * are more likely to be damaged as nematode populations increase - experience nutrient and water deficiencies - survive a hard winter if planted early in the fall * are more susceptible to insect attack if damaged by hail, wind, or rain - lacebug infestation when grown in full sun - winter injury when grown in wet, heavy soil - than food and produce * are most at risk in the unguarded outdoors, where no one is watching - happy, and form beautiful colonies, in moist, semi-shady areas - nutritious when they are still growing - prone to adult feeding injury prior to trifoliate emergence - successful in slower currents * are most susceptible at anthesis - from transplanting until they begin to vine - in early summer when most farmers are busy with field crops * are most susceptible to frost injury during the spring flush of growth - systemic herbicide effects during the late flowering stage * are most toxic during early growth, but toxicity gradually declines over the growing season - if cut and dried for hay late in the summer, during seed production * are mostly rhizomatous - water, anyway * are much better at absorbing carbon from the soil - more susceptible when planted in poorly drained areas or planted too deeply - multicelluar prokaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose * are multicellular and make their own food - eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis - green organisms * are multicellular organisms composed of eukaryotic cells - that have evolved the ability to live on land - where photosynthesis occurs * are multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic autotrophs - generally autotrophic organisms - have a rigid cell wall and make their own food - photosynthetic organisms having alternation of generations - whereas algae are unicellular * are native in the Upper Midwest from Minnesota eastward - to Europe and North Africa - naturally rounded and free bloomers - nature's producers and make their own food using energy from the sun - no more capable of giving out carbon dioxide than animals are of giving out oxygen - normal and fertile and produce viable seed - noticeably less affected and the presence of beneficial arthropods such as spiders, etc * are of average height, and racemes and pods are of medium length - variable habit, from ground-hugging to pyramidal - vital importance to the maintenance of conditions favourable to life on earth * are often a uniform dull pale green to slightly yellow and severely stunted - affected in the bud stage and distortion of the plant can follow - an important part of a fish's basic diet - dwarfed, spindly, and more erect than normal with dwarfed, dark green leaves - larger and stronger - multi-stemmed and shrub like - of tropical origin - one-sided - self-fertilizing, so it can then start a whole population - slow to establish, taking a couple of years before vigorous growth begins - spindly and weak - under or over-watered - older than trees * are one of the five kingdoms of living things - groups of multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls * are only slightly frost hardy - susceptible to damping-off as seedlings * are organisms that can make their own food - obtain energy from sunlight - develop from embryos and are protected by tissues of the parent plant * are our focus in science - only source of the eight essential sugars that are needed for a healthy diet - partners in breathing - sole source of nitrogen and they obtain it from the soil as nitrates - over-watered if the soil stays muddy or puddled - parasitized by viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and a few other plants * are part of a larger group of group of organisms called photoautotrophs - natural solution to indoor air pollution * are particularly common in place names and surnames - useful in noise control when joined with landforms * are perennial and long-lived vines, in commerce supported on trellises - if prevented from setting seed * are photosynthetic and produce much of the oxygen that's in the atmosphere - autrophs - eukaryotes with tissue - poisonous from early spring until they mature and dry in early summer - polygamous bearing staminate, carpellate and bisexual flowers - poor sources, while fruit and nuts contain no vitamin D at all - pretty sensitive to the type or quality of radiation they receive * are primary producers and are the foundation upon which the global ecosystem is based - have varying life spans - from moments to centuries - at the center of the web - of energy from the sun * are producers are consumers are omnivores - because they turn sun energy into food energy * are producers in an ecosystem because they are something called autotrophic - the ecosystem chain - that make their own food through a process called photosynthesis * are producers, and the process in which they make their own food is called photosynthesis - while animals are consumers - productive, resistant to root diseases, and are quite tolerant to fruit rots - prokaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms - prone to fireblight, which can wilt or blacken stems and leaves - propagated by asexual or sexual means - pubescent * are quite cold hardy and can usually be harvested into the winter - drought-resistant except during flowering - prolific and flower at a young age * are rare and imperiled in New Hampshire for a variety of reasons - or absent where the cryptogamic crust has been destroyed or is undeveloped - rare, fragile and slow growing - ready for unflasking when they have several pairs of leaves and strong and healthy roots - referred to as producers because they are capable of producing their own food * are relatively more tolerant of chromosomal aberrations than are animals - tall, coarse, finely branched, and produce small racemes of medium-sized pods - tolerant of cold temperatures and can withstand slight freezing - remarkably different from animals, fungi and microbes - represented by white circles and herbivores by grey circles - reproductively mature at three years of age * are resistant to a wide range of cucumber diseases and easy to grow - blackspot, very floriferous, everblooming and drought tolerant - potato virus Y and tobacco mosaic virus - powdery mildew and tolerant of verticillium wilt - red stele - verticillium and fusarium wilt - rich in minerals that they are able to absorb from the earth and sunlight - robust with semievergreen habit - rooted and move slowly as they grow - said to make their own food and are known as producers - seeded and stressed during the seeding year and rated for winter survival * are self fertile, and also cross-pollinated by insects - self- fertile - self-pollinating - self-sterile with male and female flowers usually borne on separate plants - self-sufficient organisms that make their own food - semi-dwarf - semi-erect growing tall enough to be cut for hay - sensitive organisms * are sensitive to acid rain - atmospheric fluoride - heat, bolting to seed quickly in warm weather - salt levels in the water - the degree of shade * are sessile and bound to a two-dimensional surface - organisms, that depend upon chemical signals to interact with the microbiota - sessile, have rigid cell walls and have no fixed germline - shallow-rooted in uncultivated soils, but develop deeper root systems on cultivated land * are short and finely branched and produce small racemes with relatively large pods - group together to resist the cold temperature - shorter due to stunted growth - shortly pubescent and usually branched near the base - slow emerging, moderate in size and spreading in habit * are slow growing and small - at first, but pick up speed in their second year - to emerge, medium in size and spreading * are slow to establish and fill in - have low to medium numbers of medium strength, upright canes - grow to conserve moisture - re-establish * are small and bloom sparsely with white flowers - grow well everywhere - reduced in structure with no evident stems or leaves - weak and produce no flowers * are small but have distinct simple stems and leaves - evergreen trees which require good rainfall and cool temperatures - herbaceous annuals and perennials - to medium size with spreading growth habit - smooth or nearly so - solitary or with a smaller attached daughter plant - sophisticated organisms consisting of thousands of organic compounds - spiny, short, moderately vigorous, fairly dense with many branches close to the ground - stationary beings used to experiencing life at a very slow pace - strong growing, slender and vining, with large leaves - strongly rhizomatous aand start growth early in the spring * are stunted and bushy with numerous, dwarfed side twigs - make little or no new growth - produce fewer bolls of a smaller size - sickly with small galls formed on the roots - spindling or dwarfed and bushy - yellowed - with curled and mottled leaves * are stunted, pale, and bunchy - the foliage turns red, and fruit is small and seedy - tiller excessively, and have narrow leaves - twisted, and puckered - upright, and bushy - yellowish, and grow slowly * are subject to frost damage - infection at any stage of development - rust, but sensitive to fungal sprays - susceptible as the head emerges from the boot * are susceptible to aphids, thrips and rust - disease in humid areas - leaf-spotting fungi during wet periods * are tall and lax, with few flowers, on sites that are shaded most of the day - sturdy and resist blossom drop and end rot well - perennial herbs with long stems - with open or lax, nodding heads - tall, rather coarse growers with large, broad arrow-shaped leaves * are tender to frost - half hardy depending on level of maturity * are the 'producers' on which all other life depends - air-purifiers for planet earth - base of the world's food supply - basic producers of energy * are the basis for all life - most of our medicines - virtually all life on earth * are the basis of all life on Earth - food, for all living beings - virtually all terrestrial food chains - best sources of manganese - books where knowlege is written - bottom line in life - dominant organisms on the landscape and are often taken for granted - ecosystem's primary food producers - energy base of an ecosystem * are the first level in the food chain - organisms in the production chain - part of the food chain and so are called producers - step in most food chains - food that give people and animals energy to grow * are the foundation of life in the garden - our planets food chain - the ecosystem's food chain - lungs and heart of the planet * are the main contributor of oxygen on the Earth through the process of photosynthesis - photosynthetic producers on land - producers in most terrestrial ecosystems - major producers of oxygen in the world - most efficient means of sustaining life in space * are the most familiar autotrophs on land - type of autotroph, but there are many other kinds - noticeable of the living components of both the boreal forest and tundra - prolific genome duplicators - nearly universal source of energy for all living things * are the only living organisms that can make their own food - organisms in the natural world that make their own food * are the only organisms that can convert light energy from the sun into food * are the only organisms which can make their own food - thing on earth that can make sugar, and plants are made of sugars - things that actually produce food - original food source for all animals, even for carnivores and omnivores - parasites of the Earth and man parasite of plants * are the primary food producers in food chains and food webs - source of digestible, absorbable calcium - habitat for thousands of other organisms * are the primary producers in most terrestrial food webs - that supply energy to all ecosystems * are the primary source for human and animal nutrition and dominate the natural landscape - of organic matter - way dunes are stabilized - prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis - producers in the food chain - richest source of dietary folate * are the source of fiber - life for the ecosystem in swampy areas - oxygen and the ultimate provider of food for land animals - the carotenoids present in animals - ultimate wildlife feeders - young of the world, but they grope ever upward towards consciousness - thornless and vary in height and number of flowers - thorny and most parts are pubescent - threatened worldwide by habitat destruction, climate change and over harvesting * are tolerant of at least moderate frost - drought and grow quickly - heavier, wetter soils, cold weather, and frost - restricted soil space - sporadic watering and yield very well * are tolerant to heat stress and tubers bulk early - too young and immature * are tough and adaptable taking some drought once established - roots are the toughest part - tough, reliable, and with few disease and pest problems * are trees, shrubs , lianes , or stumpy turnip-like - vines, ferns, grass - truly amazing organisms * are typically annual in California - biennial, but some regenerate after flowering and become perennial - non-moving - upright-spreading and rather loosely branched - very caustic environments * are unable to grow when stepped on and human disturbance prevents wildlife from feeding - run, fly, creep or crawl out of a fire's path - use organic nitrogen directly - under a lot of stress when they dry out and it can lead to insect problems - under-watered if they appear to be wilting - unique in that they make most of their food through a process called photosynthesis - unisexual * are up to two feet tall and covered with fine, spreading hairs - tall, with narrow, toothed leaves that are spaced alternately on the stem - upright, vigorous and productive * are used as national and state emblems, including state trees and state flowers - sources of food and goods for humans * are useful for planting on banks for erosion control - in many ways * are usually about a foot tall - less than three feet tall, but can be up to ten feet tall near water - only visible when flowering - rather stemmy with few broad leaves - thorny with reduced leaf surface area - versatile creatures - very cold hardy * are very drought resistant once established, and are tolerant of coastal conditions * are very easy to clone unlike animals - grow, come into flower quickly, and bloom all summer long - frost sensitive, so keep plants protected in case of a late cold spell * are very hardy , productive, and disease resistant - with attractive shiny green foliage - heat tolerant and adapt to many soil types - helpful to humans * are very important because they provide most of our food - in pools - to every living thing on earth * are very important to the Earth and to our lives - quality of water - interesting because they grow in so many different ways and have varied flowers - large with upright growth habit * are very productive, early maturing and resistant to numerous diseases - with vigorous, thorny canes * are very prolific and bloom from mid summer till frost - produce inflorescences continuously - resistant to maritime exposure * are very sensitive to climate - light, temperature, and how dry or humid a place is - ozone and PANs - sulphur dioxide, fluorine compounds, smog etc - successful organisms, growing in almost every environment on Earth * are very vigorous and productive - require a sturdy trellis for support - sucker well - with wide foliage - vigorous, semi-upright with leaves close and compact * are vigorous and clump quickly - do well in heavier soils - give big yields up until frost - increase rapidly * are vigorous and produce many runners - runners freely - rapid to increase - strong and tolerant of adverse weather conditions - they runner well - upright with few thorns - but susceptible to red stele and verticillium root diseases - growers and flowers are flat - growers, even in our climate, spreading via stolons * are vigorous growing vines related to melons and squash, and are grown in the same way - similar to cucumbers and melons * are vigorous with few thorns - large, light green leaves * are vigorous, bushy and disease tolerant - consistently productive, spreading, and tolerant of drought - disease resistant, and very productive - hardy , and productive - hardy, productive, erect and easy to prune - have a slightly sprawling type of growth with medium productivity - productive, and resistant to anthracnose - spreading and have an indeterminate type of growth * are vigorous, upright and productive * are vigorous, upright, disease resistant and productive - with some resistance to red stele - vigourus and multiply rapidly - viny or semi-viny, fairly leafy with trifoliate leaves - vital sources of antioxidants for humans and other animals * are vital to humankind's existence - our survival * are vitally important to human existence * are weakened or killed and fruit yield is reduced * are well adapted to conserving water resources and finding new ones - grazing patterns - well-spaced and typically exhibit microphyllous leaf phenologies * are what animals live with - hold the sand in place and keep the dunes from blowing away - winter hardy in any climate, and are fire retardent - without evident stems * are yellow due to a limited amount of chlorophyll - if grown in full sun - yellowed, stunted, wilt, and die - yellowish, bushy, and dwarfed with many rosette-like, secondary shoots * are, after all, much easier and cheaper to grow than mice - however, living things and they can at any time develop disease, virus, or insect pests * assist the activated sludge processes mimicking the activity of natural wetlands. * associated with the bird's winter home are pine forests and broad-leafed scrub - joys of life are the country' s countless vineyards * assume a rounded habit at maturity. * asters in moist, well-drained soil in full sun. * attacked begin to lose color, fading from green to yellow and eventually turn red. * attacked by mites appear sickly and white-speckled - the fungus usually show a wet rot on the stem - underground are usually large-rooted crops like carrot and turnip - animals that eat plants - bumble bees - butterflies all season * attracts butterflies and hummingbirds. * based diets also help reduce cholesterol - are loaded in phytochemicals, vitamins, mineral and fiber * based foods contain the three critical amino acids in varying amounts - have none - glues such as wheat starch paste and methylcellulose are naturally archival * beans only on well-drained soils or try to improve drainage. - fruit throughout the summer, though less at any one time than determinate types - many beautiful speckle-throated flowers in an array of colors atop leafy stems - more fruit when two or more varieties are grown together - one sex of cones - well even in cooler weather and mature earlier than most large-fruited types * bearing no fruit make stronger vine growth - pseudo - hermaphrodite flowers are also dichogamous * become active in the warm season and rest under ground in the cold season - dormant in hot summer weather - infected in nurseries but show no symptoms until transplanted to production fields - loose and wobbly, pulling easily from the soil - more susceptible as they get older - natural perches that simulate a bird's environment - photosensitive at the forth leaf pair stage - resistant to infection one week after flowering - spindly and cease growth - stiff and soon die * become stunted and bunchy - yellow, and leaves curl upward at the margins - taller and bushier over the years as the rootstock matures - thin and weak - turgid again in the spring when the soil warms - unable to push roots into the compacted soil nor can water penetrate the subsoil - unthrifty and die due to plugging of the water and nutrient conducting vessels - wider as underground rhizomes multiply - woody and decompose more slowly if they grow to the flower or seed stage - yellow and lower leaves drop off - yellowish and dwarfed * beds closely and evenly, leaving little room for weeds to grow. * beets two to three weeks before the average date of last frost. * begin Invertebrates colonization flourish - colonization of land * begin their lives in the incubator, grown on sterile nutrient medium - move towards dormancy in fall * begin to grow again, animals come out of hibernation and soon baby animals are born - and blossom very early in the spring - leaves, buds and flowers as the weather warms in late spring - where once it was barren - produce new stolons and rosettes in the spring - set their seed for the next year as the wheel turns on - wake up from their winter sleep and flowers show their colors - wilt and usually die soon - the Eukaryote Domain, as do humans * bend over as seed falls to the ground. * bend toward light because cells on the dark side of the stem elongate * bend towards the center of the earth in response gravity - source of light * benefit by seed dispersal - fish by reducing toxins and increasing oxygen levels during the day * benefit from animals - attracting pollinators to their flowers - the warm water, too * better carry on respiration all the time like an animal or they are dead. * bind phosphate into organic compounds when they absorb it from soil or water. * bite back. * bloom all summer and fall - continuously from spring to fall - early midseason and repeat - first season when started early - for months - heavily in early summer and intermittently through the summer * bloom in early springs - over a long period in late summer and fall - profusely in early summer - quickly producing lots of seeds * bloom the first year from seed if started early indoors - following spring, then set seed and die * break down food much the same way as animals - part of the water into oxygen and hydrogen during photosynthesis - the fall of the raindrops and allow for water infiltration or percola-tion * breathe by inhaling carbon dioxide and exhaling oxygen. * breathe in carbon dioxide, absorb it to build their tissue, and breathe out oxygen - the soil with the help of their roots - on their leaves through the process of food making called photosynthesis - oxygen into the atmosphere * breathe through openings, called stomata, on their leaves - tiny pores in the leaves called stomata - too, by taking in certain gases from the atmosphere and releasing others - using a system called respiration * breeding using marker assisted selection second way to use a gene map. * bugs frequently cause spotting on leaves, or the death and loss of buds. * build proteins from materials in the air and the soil - themselves with carbon from the carbon dioxide in the air * bulbs deeper in sandy soil than in clay - than seed, usually three to four times the diameter of the bulb - twice as deep as their height - two and one-half times deeper than their diameters * burn both oil and coal - energy as they grow, too * bushes with thorns or spiked leaves beneath windows. * called cushions grow in tight clumps in the tundra , but lichens are the dominant plants. * can 'rosette' if temperatures get too high during propagation and young growth stages. * can absorb nitrate or ammonium from the soil via their root hairs - nitrite from the soil via their root hairs * can absorb water and nutrients from soils using root systems of various types - through stomata under their leaves - accumulate boron, which is necessary for plant growth - actually manufacture their own food * can adapt to drought by sending their roots deeper into the soil - low humidity conditions, but optimum growth occurs under reasonable humidity - add, absorb and deflect sound by the presence and movement of their foliage and branches - adjust to reduce risk of wilting - affect the climate * can also absorb minerals through their roots - act as bio-refineries - adapt to sunlight - adjust to other light levels over time - alter microclimates by intercepting precipitation - be useful in recording the history of mutation stress at a given site - become fossils - change color depending on their diets - cleanse particulate and chemical pollutants from the air, protecting our health - convert nitrate to nitrite by enzymes known as nitrate reductases - dehydrate their cells by moving water into intercellular spaces - grow as suckers from the roots of trees damaged by the fire * can also have a high RGR through high tissue nutrient concentration - twig and stem cankers - hide unwanted stowaways as they're brought in - house molds * can also produce deadly poisons - offspring asexually - reduce erosion by binding and anchoring soil particles to roots - spread by growing bigger and spreading out across the ground - and do react to damage * can be a breeding ground for mold - poisonous hazard inside the home - as short as four inches or as tall as two feet depending on the species - either an annual , perennial , or biennial - heliophytes, mesophytes or xerophytes - native to a specific site, a geographic region, or a specific continent - parasites as well * can be poisonous as well as beneficial - poisonous, too * can be sensitive to alcohol and soap - either low or high soil moisture - single-headed or clumping, sessile or with elongated stems - very diverse when it comes to reproduction * can become invasive in gardens and difficult to eradicate - vigorous and spread over or out of boundaries, so prune as needed - bloom two or more times a year - cause sleeplessness and relationship problems - change their properties during a growing season - cleanse the air of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, benzene and formaldehyde - close the holes underneath their leaves to prevent loss of water during a drought - compete successfully by having different types of roots - convert light energy to useful chemical energy - detect the differences in day length and respond accordingly - develop the ability to withstand cold temperatures * can die from too much or too little water - in a severe case, and potatoes can be seriously affected, especially in storage * can do anything animals or bacteria can do - double or triple their size in the first season if soil is rich in organic matter - easily adapt to pot culture in well-draining, limed soil * can either be male, or female, or both - have an erect or prostrate type growth with several spreading branches - exhibit good fall colour - extract water more readily when water tension is small - flower profusely and several times a year - form a living sculpture on their own, or help soften surrounding architecture * can form new chemicals that can break down minerals and improve the soil structure - species in one generation - generally cope with small numbers of aphids - get diseases from the time the seed is placed in the soil until the vegetable is eaten * can grow and lose leaves four or five times in a year depending on rainfall - better with a higher color rendering index light source * can grow from one and a half feet tall to over eight feet in height - parts of perennial roots as small as one-tenth of an inch in thickness - seeds, or other parts of the parent plants like roots, stems or leaves * can grow in many different substances - the presence of cyanide - just fine with a low level of insect or disease infestation - outdoors in containers without drainage holes only if they are sheltered from rain * can have any number of leaves within a range - both fruits and flowers at the same time - single stems or many branches depending upon the population in the field - two or more generations per season * can help clean indoor air - restore proper bodily functions - influence aggregate formation in a number of ways - leave fossils - lift and balance the chi of a room, an entire building and exterior landscapes - live a long time with little to no added nutrients in their water or soil - look quite different in sunlight than they do in shade * can lose too much water when subjected to constant high temperature - water even during dormancy - maintain structure, have cellulose, have different tissues, and are multicellular * can make their own carbon using water and sunlight - no longer survive at such raw, bitter temperatures - now take up the phosphates in the soil - offset profusely, so propagation is by potting up offsets * can often generate sizable root pressures that can play a role in water movement - reseed themselves or grow back from their tuberous roots * can only absorb water through their roots - fertilize eggs of the same species - grow where they have light - photosynthesise in the light - take up nitrogen in the form of nitrate - optimize the fraction sons in the seeds - physically break apart rocks when they grow in cracks * can play an important role in dewatering unstable slopes - pest control - predict sawfly emergence Plants are good indicators of when spring has arrived - prevent soil erosion, they can frame a view, or screen an eyesore - process a vast amount of water * can produce a staggering amount of pollen - clones of themselves through asexual reproduction - compounds that have estrogen effects - offspring in the form of seeds, runners, stolons, split bulbs and rhizomes - other plants like themselves - seeds as a means to reproduce and produce offspring - volatile chemicals that diffuse through the environment * can range from green plants to wood plants and have different types of functions - in size from less than a millimeter to several centimeters in height * can rapidly colonize a site by vegetative reproduction from creeping roots - shallow waters - develop colonies - re-grow after being clipped or mowed - reach a height of two feet * can reduce infiltration by slowing the rate of the wind - sulfate to sulfide and grow with sulfate as the only source of sulfur - regenerate the corms * can reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation - in a variety of ways - through vegetative propagation - one of two ways, sexually or asexually - resist insects or better compete with weeds * can root in the gravel and so on - more deeply - sense weather changes and temperatures as well - serve as indicators of wetland chemistry - set fruit without cross-pollination, but the flowers are fragrant and attract insects - show genetic variation within their range - significantly reduce pollutants such as formaldehyde - spawn a clone of itself from any cell * can spread by rhizomes and can easily self-seed to form a dense bushy groundcover - seeds and become weedy with time - rapidly from one season to the next - to four feet across when mature - stand a considerable amount of whorlworm damage - stay in the water for up to one week with the water changed daily - stop the movement of dust and pollutants * can store other pigments in organelles similar to chloroplasts - surplus energy in underground tubers and roots - succumb to either over watering or under watering - suddenly wilt and die when infected with fusarium * can suffer damage from heat - nitrogen burn or grow so much foliage that they never flower - synthesise their own food and store in their body - t walk around from one place to another - take full advantage of bright sunny days when the weather permits * can take up cadmium from the soil and animals concentrate it in the liver and kidney - nitrate or ammonia forms of nitrogen - therefore, in some cases, both increase or decrease hormonal levels in the body - to thinned when they are a few inches tall * can tolerate frequent flooding and saline soil conditions - larger populations of English grain aphids than of greenbugs - quite a lot of stress and still produce well - some insect damage without significant loss to yield or aesthetics - very large populations without yield loss - uptake ten times more nutrients, and improve soil texture at the same time * can usually adapt to a wide variety of soil conditions - manage with one watering every other day * can vary dramatically in sensitivity to pollutants - from attractive mounding forms to more upright shapes * can wilt on a sunny day immediately following a cool, cloudy period * can withstand flooding and silting and are also drought resistant - light frost, but hard frosts can severely damage plants * can, and often do, grow along the pond edge. * capture and keep energy from the sun in food molecules - store some the sun's energy and convert it into chemical energy * capture energy from sunlight by means of photosynthesis - the sun and store it as chemical energy - only one thousandth of the sunlight that falls on the Earth * capture radiant energy from the sun and transfer it to the chemical bonds in glucose - solar energy and use it to synthesize simple sugars during photosynthesis * carry out photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight * cease photosynthesizing at night but continue to utilize oxygen for respiration - to grow in the autumn * cespitose to shortly rhizomatous. * cespitose, lacking rhizomes. * change and grow - energy they receive from the sun into stored energy - from green to purple to tan as they cure - their appearance dramatically through months, seasons and years * churn out more chlorophyll during daytime. * clean our drinking water by filtering water with their root systems. * clean the air and produce cleaner air * closely resemble their parents. * collapse and die - or are easily pulled up * collect dew, gradually releasing it during the hotter parts of the day * colonize sites by producing new shoots from lateral roots. * come back year after year - directly from the soil, and for example cows eat the grass that is grown in the ground * come in a mixture of flower and foliage colors - all shapes and sizes - different shapes, and they also come in different textures - many colors - regular or dwarf, flowers in single or double - with some size, nurtured in the long Georgia summers * commonly affected by iron deficiency are pin oak, azalea, blueberry, rhododendron and holly - called azaleas have thinner, more pointed, hairy leaves - produce large clusters of small flowers - sprout from underground rhizomes after aboveground foliage is consumed by fire * compete for light and water. * compete for light, nutrients and space sometimes with their own offspring - root space, water and minerals * compete for light, water, nutrients and space - space and nutrients in the soil - living space just like animals do - physical space, for nutrients and water from the soil and for sunlight - water, light and nutrients - with algae for nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorous and ammonia * compete with each other for light, moisture and nutrients - other plants for space, water, light and nutrients * completes in life cycle in ONE growing season - is life cycle in TWO growing seasons * comprise the basic food material, directly or indirectly, for the whole lake ecosystem. * consist mostly of benthic algae, mostly diatoms. - many cells - submersed floating plants and non-persistent emerging plants * consume carbon dioxide through their roots and animals take in the oxygen. * contain a chemical called auxin - variety of pigments - vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues - an enzyme called nitrate reductase - carotene which is converted to true vitamin-A in the body - cellulose which is harder to digest - chemicals that bind the iron making it unable to be absorbed - chloroplasts so they can manufacture food through photosynthesis - compounds with oestrogen-like action called phytoestrogens - cyanide bound to sugars - extraordinarily sensitive light detection systems - flavonoids, which are being studied for their possible effects on health - hundreds of thousands of phytochemicals that prevent diseases in humans - lots of biologically active ingredients - no cholesterol and, apart from avocados and coconut, little saturated fat - organic substances which are passed on to herbivores and carnivores - powerful and sometimes dangerous chemicals - root cells, leaf cells, and stem cells - special structures that allow for photosynthesis to occur * contain the following organelles - same biological processes and biochemistry as microbes and animals * contains saponin - the aromatic element cumarin * continually renew themselves and hence last for a long time. * continue growing throughout their lives. * continue to bloom and form pin beans - for about two months - blossom and set fruits throughout the summer - flower for four weeks - grow in the fall, but cool temperatures slow top growth - grow, despite the presence of dead tissue, such as cork - suffer as the adult beetle chews holes in the leaves * control the development of lateral shoots through hormones. * convert carbon dioxide - energy from sunlight into sugar in a process called photosynthesis - excess glucose into starch for storage * convert light energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis - into chemical energy which is stored in the organism as sugars - nitrogen to make proteins essential to new cell growth - phosphate into organic forms - photons to chemical bonds * convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis - sunlight to stored fuel which is used for energy * convert the energy from light into simple sugars, such as glucose - of the sun into chemicals - nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules - solar energy to chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis * corydalis in light shade in well-drained soil. * count on each other to survive. * cover a significant proportion of the land mass of the earth * create food which is different from other living things on Earth - organic compounds by using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to photosynthesise - oxygen through a process called photosynthesis, which is crucial to survive - their food through photosynthesis * create their own energy food, called glucose, through a process called photosynthesis - waste by-products through the normal cell processes * crocuses singly, or in groups. * cross when pollen from one plant is moved to the flowers of another by wind or insects. * crowns and roots for propagation. * crowns of strawberries, rhubarb, asparagus and artichokes - the same size in a row to avoid competition for food - with the eyes at the soil surface * cucurbits in a location that has well-drained soil. * cultivars that have insect resistance. * cultivars with greater tolerance to wheat streak mosaic - some tolerance to the pathogen * daffodils when the fall soil is cool, up to any time until the ground freezes. * daffodils, dutch iris, ixia, sparaxis, grape hyacinth, freesia, anemones, ranuculus - tulips, and crocus for spring bloom * daylilies so the crown is level with the soil or no more than one inch below it. * decline in vigor. * declines after seeding with shorter days. * decompose fixing carbon, and animals decompose releasing carbon * decontaminate land without ruining the soil. * deer usually avoid are considered deer-resistant. * defend themselves against pathogens. * demand heat, sun and well-drained soil. * depend highly on light and moisture. * depend on alpine mycorrhizal root fungi for survival - animals to produce oxygen - light intensity and duration more so than temperature - nutrients in the soil to grow - soil to survive in the world - sunlight for synthesising their food by the process of photosynthesis * depend on the soil for water, anchorage, and nutrients - sun and animals depend on plans - various chemical defense mechanisms to resist attack from herbivores and pathogens - water in the ground for their needs * depend upon a healthy soil, and they have learned how to serve and preserve that soil - animals for food and shelter * derivatives in the treatment of alcohol dependency. * derive energy from the sun for growth and survival. * derived minerals are one of the few liquid mineral supplements safe for children. * deserve to live and grow, too. * develop a basal rosette that overwinters - general or partial wilt - mass of gum in the center of the root, which swells in the summer heat - reddish tinge when ready for harvest - as a basal rosette - elongated internodes and dull foliage under marginal lighting - flower and seeds with or without fruit in their reproductive growth - pinkish root buds from any depth - unfertilized gametes - thick, multi-stemmed clumps at maturity - long rhizomes bearing buds which germinate readily - many slender, weak shoots - off-color, yellowish foliage and edges of the leave often curl under - rather rapidly and are harvested before the flower buds open - roots close to the pot any time oxygen starvation of the root system occurs - seeds through a process called pollination - their own poisons to fight off disease - to their full potential in semi-shaded situations - vascular systems * develope out of seeds, by themselves or out of parts of another plant. * developing from seed planted too shallow are particularly prone to frost heaving. * die after seed is produced - the first killing frost * die and decompose in a process that produces carbon - decompose, decomposition uses up oxygen, fish die * die back completely once blooming has completed - somewhat in the winter and produce new growth in the spring * die back to rootstocks in summer - the tuber in dry times * die down in winter, but fast-growing shoots appear again in spring - even in mild climates, but are perfectly hardy - due to overfertilization from the nitrogen in the urine - extended dry, hot periods - from lack of sunlight * die in autumn - clusters within a field - patches, and the disease commonly produces a circular pattern in the bed - severe heat * die or produce weak, spindly growth and no fruit - remain stunted - out in patches - prematurely when the disease is severe - quickly during the summer in circles with leaves still attached - rapidly under close continuous grazing - slowly over several years - soon after symptoms are observed - suddenly after the first symptoms of wilting - when the crowns are completely covered with soil - without full spectrum lighting * die, and valuable habitat is lost - animals die - usually without yellowing or spotting of the leaves * dies after flowering. * differ from humans in many ways - greatly in their light requirements * differ in nutritional contents, and the same can be said of their phytosterol contents - the broadness of the colored edge or center * differ in their ability to take up, accumulate and tolerate heavy metals - irrigation needs - preference for soil moisture levels * directly defend themselves by producing tough leaves and toxic chemicals. * disperse roots * display pale flowers * do any number of chemical exchanges with their environment all the time - attract wildlife - best if their roots are constantly wet, while their foliage and flowers are kept dry * do best in bright light, a very porous soil and regular watering - climates with long, dry summers - humus-rich soil in shade or dappled sunlight - contain other sterols but they never contain cholesterol - eat and breathe - give out carbon dioxide during the day due to respiration * do have a higher level of structure called plant tissue systems - minor thorns - help clarify pond water and nitrifying bacteria does grow all over the pond - it without batting an eye, even potatoes, which actually have eyes - pull easily - the opposite - they use carbon dioxide and release oxygen - tolerate dry conditions - vary from district to district in height, thickness of branches and sturdiness of spines * do well in either full sun or light shade - hot, dry areas and are long-lived - moist to dry rich soils in full sun to partial shade - small containers even with crowded roots - the moisture * do, photosynthesis. * dominate our landscape, and our lives, as they have done throughout our history. * draw carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make food - many nutrients from soil humus - water up through their roots * drop flowers - leaves in response to stress, which is usually linked to changes in growing conditions - seeds into the muck and wither away * dry down and pods turn yellow - out quickly in containers, so monitor water * dwarf to very tall, the culms filiform to broad-trigonous. * e.g. the colour of a courgette is either yellow, dark green or light green. * easily adapt to most soils except heavy clays and compacted soils. * eat carbon dioxide - the energy of the sun directly * eaten include leaves of balsam fir and white cedar, sasparilla, strawberry, and apple. * eating ants help the environment by consuming unwanted plants. * ecosystems at the community level relative to optimum yields and quality. * effectively compete other species for light. * eliminate harmful waste substances in the form of secretions such as resins and gums - some waste through diffusion * emerge and then retreat to the safety of the soil or drift to another area. * emerge in late spring and begin blooming a few weeks later - very early spring and have bloomed and set seed by early to mid-summer * emerging at any time of the year can go on to flower and set viable seeds. * emit a characteristic parsnip odour - oxygen as a waste - terpenes into the atmosphere, where they react with ozone * employ specialised carriers to mobilise auxins to target tissues. * endure a daily struggle for water, nutrients and light. * enrich man's environment by adding beauty and functionality - the water with oxygen and also provide hiding places for the fish * entering the winter with a shortage of stored carbohydrates are more susceptible to injury. * enzymes assist in the digestion of food right on through the intestinal tract. * escape drought by living in the few places where water is actually plentiful. - riparian areas, floodplains, ditches, culverts, and roadsides - well for summer bloom if planted in fall * estrogens and beta-carotene deficiencies have also been linked to cystic follicles - competitively inhibit enzymes in women that convert androgens to estrogens - help to prevent breast cancer because they are so much weaker than human estrogen - or phytoestrogens are the primitive ancestors of our own human estrogens * even require water during winter - use chemicals to defend their territory against other plants * eventually develop symptoms of dry or scorched leaves, particularly in mid-summer - die if over harvest of the leaves continues * evincing adaptation to arid conditions are termed xerophytes. * evolve flowers - to stop from being on the bottom of the food chain * excel at reproduction without sex. * exclude the red and brown algae, animals, the fungi, archaea and bacteria. * excrete acids through the roots - fewer chemical waste products that animals do * exhibit a much greater aptitude for asexual reproduction than animals - wide range of tolerance to salinity and specific ions - diversity in size and shape ranging from single cells to gigantic trees - follow features - plant reproduction - symptoms of specific nutrient deficiencies * exist as basal rosettes until flowering stems develop at maturity and rosette leaves whither - close association with each other and their environment * expand vegetatively through tillering. * experience multiple abiotic and biotic stresses in the field - the most growth during the summer * explode into growth, tracking the midnight sun. * expose to sunlight. * exposed to ozone are more susceptible to disease, pests and environmental stresses. * express symptoms in a gradient from one end of the field to the other. * extract carbon from the atmosphere and convert it into food. * exude juglone, a chemical that deters plant growth beneath the trees. * face severe challenges in arid environments. * fail to flower for several reasons - various reasons - grow, but no sign of insects * fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type of pollinator being attracted - two groups with two types of photosynthesis * feed almost all the heterotrophs Members of the animal kingdom are found - by luring, then drowning, insects in the pool of liquid at the base of the pitcher * feed on the dust of stones - odic prana in the air - themselves through the process called photosynthesis * feel tissue injury and respond quickly, precisely, and with an effective battery of defenses. * fill undeniably one of the most crucial niches in the ecosystem. * filter the air in order for human beings and animals to survive. * find both abundant light and nutrients from bottom sediments. * first show a wilted appearance. * fix atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis - carbon and release oxygen, and animals release carbon and use oxygen - the energy from the sun by photosynthesis * float and are loosely attached to each other by stolons. * flourish, then die, and wildlife species migrate in and out as the habitat changes. * flower all the year round - early and stay covered with blooms until frost * flower in early to late spring - late springs - second seasons - indeterminately - the following summer and die at the end of summer or with the first frost * fold the light into plant matter, exhaling oxygen. * form a low mound of large, velvety silver or grey-green leaves - mat on calcium-rich gravelly soil - monophyletic group with green algae - neat mound of attractive, glaucous evergreen foliage over which the flowers are borne - rosette of medium to dark green leaves on a very short stem - slender, branched, leafy stem that contains a milky juice - velvety green carpet and can grow into a hump - an erect tussock of dark green, leathery fronds - bases - buds quickly after potting into containers * form dense mats, clogging waterways and irrigation pumps - large caudex, half of which is underground - mats several yards in diameter - nearly perfect circular rosettes of leaves with centers tinged with pink, red or purple - rather bushy growth habit - rosettes of hairy lance shaped leaves in their first growing season * form the base of the food pyramid upon which all living things depend on - basic foundation of food webs and support other life forms - food, directly or indirectly, for every living thing on earth - mainstay of their diet * forms a stem with no leaves - an important link in the chain of life - nodules and bacteria lives symbiotically * found in deeper water include water lilies, pond weeds, and bladderworts - deserts are adapted to their environment - their carbon dioxide by opening small pores, called stomata on the leaf or stem surface * generally absorb less of the heavy metals from soil when gypsum is applied - allocate more carbon below- than aboveground on an annual basis - are fully dormant with no obvious signs of active growth - bear four to six pairs of lance-shaped, smooth leaves - behave as self-seeding biennials - belong to the first trophic level - die prematurely and produce little grain - flower and produce seeds during the second season - get water and minerals from soil * generally grow best when there is an ample supply of both primary and secondary nutrients - better on undisturbed than on tilled soil - normally until they run out of one nutrient, which then limits growth - slowly and live a long time * generally have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose - live two years but sometimes longer - mature in late summer, long after most other annuals have senesced - reproduce sexually, and most also can reproduce asexually - respond to fertilizer and warmer weather - show little effect of true bug feeding, unless the bugs are very abundant * geraniums outdoors after all danger of frost is past and the soil has warmed - when the danger of frost has passed - outside after danger of frost is past in moist, well-drained soil in full sun * germinate and grow - in mid spring and grow fairly fast - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water * get energy by breaking down the sugars, releasing some of the energy as heat * get energy from the sun through a process called photosynthesis * get energy from the sun, and animals get energy from eating other plants or animals - are eventually squashed into coal and oil * get enough carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water - light from the sun, water from the ground and carbon dioxide from air - magnesium from the earth, thanks to the bacteria in healthy topsoil - most of their water directly from soil surrounding their roots * get most of their water from capillary water - nourishments from soil and the roots get protected from the harsh rays of the sun - some of their necessary nutrients from the soil and water - sunburn just as humans can - the minerals that occur as a gas, such as carbon in carbon dioxide, through their leaves * get the water needed for photosynthesis from their roots - they require through their root systems in the soil - their carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere * get their energy for food by the process of photosynthesis - from the soil through roots * get their energy from the sun animals the ocean - through a chemical process called photosynthesis - sun, herbivores eat the plants, and carnivores eat the herbivores - to grow through a process called photosynthesis - food from humus, the end results of the decay or organic matter * get their green color from a pigment called chlorophyll - the chlorophyll which is found inside of their cells - nutrients and water from thesoil * get their nutrients from the air, water and soil - fungus in the soil - through the soil - water by absorbing it through their roots when it rains * get water from the dirt through their roots * give animals nutrients - away nectar and fruit, but they get something in return - off VOCs into the atmosphere and nutrient solution * give off oxygen and take in carbon dioxide given off by animals * give off oxygen as a waste mproduct of photosynthesis - an output - water through stomata, which are tiny openings in their leaves - out oxygen during the day and nitrogen at night - oxygen and shade and, at the same time, somewhere for the fish to hide themselves - sustenance to animals * given excess nitrogen tend to be tall with weak stems. * gladioluses every three weeks for continuous bloom. * go dormant after flowering - in summer but carpet large areas of woodland in spring - from the seed, to the seedling , to the flowering plant * go through a process known as photosynthesis * go through two stages in their life cycle, called alternation of generations * goes fully dormant in winter - through stages of growth and development that include seed, young plant, and adult plant * gradually decline in vigor and die - vigor, become stunted, produce less and less fruit - decline, wither, die back, and finally die - lose vigor * grow about two feet tall and wide and have an open, airy look - according to a genetic pattern, organic molecules are highly organised structures - against the pull of gravity - all year - almost everywhere on earth * grow and animals are active - live on top of the soil * grow and bloom and change with the seasons - best in moist, fertile soil * grow and flower best at high relative humidity - better due to increased insect and organism activity in the soil - through the summer and the season ends with the first hard frost in the fall - make food for animals - anywhere there is space to grow - approximately six to ten feet tall * grow at a slow rate toward their stimuli - different rates during different seasons - various rates * grow best in a sunny location in well drained soil - deeply cultivated soil that is high in nitrogen - fairly rich soil kept somewhat moist - full sun during the fall, winter, and spring - moist soils - moist, acidic, humus rich soil - partial shade but tolerate full sun in Northern regions - relatively moist fertile soil - soil that contains plenty of nutrients and organic matter - well-drained soils in a sunny position - inloams, which are soils containing equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay * grow best when small amounts of nutrients are supplied regularly by fertigation - the lights are turned on and off by a time clock * grow best with proper light and moisture, adequate temperatures and a little plant food - the right balance and concentration of nutrients - within an optimum range of temperatures - better without additives in water - better, and fungus and fungus gnat growth is retarded - but to decay * grow by drawing energy from the sun and nutrients from soils and decaying matter - producing more cells, and cells grow by taking in water - the inch and die by the foot - using sunlight, water, and nutrients in the soil to make new leaves and stems - crowded together, forming large mats covering good sized areas - deeper roots with deeper watering - densely and develop white or yellowish blossoms with deep violet or reddish veins * grow during cool weather from autumn to spring - equally well in full sun or in a semi-shaded area - erect and cures a dark brown color - extremely fast - fairly slowly, and large specimens are more than a century old * grow faster and harvest sooner - produce larger harvests - there are more things to check - yields are bigger with hydroponics systems - hydroponically because they are able to assimilate nutrients faster - five-feet tall and have glossy green leaves * grow from A seed and root's - a central crown - nodes along the creeping underground rhizome from which fibrous roots extend - nutrients in both the water and sediment - points, known as apical meristems - seed or roots embedded in the earth * grow from seeds through a life cycle - to full grown trees, grass, and flowers - slender rootstocks and form tufts or bunches - small tubers, in some species producing a rosette of leaves - the conversion of light and shit - happily in it, as long as they can adjust to the relatively acid conditions - higher if they are given more water - horizontally, compared to the erect habit of most blackberries * grow in a characteristic general form determined by genetics or the environment - variety of soils, but can be frost tender, especially when young - almost every part of the world - an inert medium with water, air and fertilizers - canals, springs, streams, ponds, lakes and reservoirs - clumps to conserve warmth - communities associated with particular soil and climatic conditions - compact cushions for protection against the severe climatic conditions - cracks within limestone slabs or rocks - environments that favor their presence - half to one-third the time required for plants grown by conventional methods - large clumps with dagger-like leaves - length from the tips - nutrient rich soil and absorb the nutrients - response to their nutrient intake - sandy loams or humus, often subject to seasonal desiccation * grow in the direction of the deepest darkness - oceans, too - two ways, cell division and cell expansion - larger, and more quickly, and are better able to withstand adverse conditions - leggy and thin unless they're cut back several times a year - like wildfire - longer limbs to reach more sunlight - more easily along dykes and animals congregate to feed and take shelter here - most vigorously in spring and fall, when rain and cool temperatures are more likely - much faster and much more dense when grown with hydroponics - old as surely as do animals * grow on farms * grow on the earth - plain that was once the bottom of the sea, and develop into a forest - one to two and a half feet tall - poorly in subsoil - principally at old Native American village sites in California - quickly especially at the beginning of the short growing season * grow quickly in moist well-drained soils throughout temperate and tropical Australia - well-drained soils in full sun or dappled shade - to cover their gelidephile neighbors while the air is warm * grow rapidly and flower continuously until frost - require little maintenance - from late seeding * grow roots to reach the water that sustains their life - with the aim of absorbing water and minerals from the earth - slowly, and maturity is delayed * grow so quickly in the moist climate that some trails have to be cleared each year - rapidly that there is little reason to start seed indoors - tall and leggy when there is insufficient light * grow taller at warmer temperatures - than most other varieties of Sedum, bearing large clusters of soft pink flowers * grow through cellular reproduction - life stages and reproduce to survive - precisely spaced and sized holes in top and each of the four sides * grow to a height of seven feet - ten to twelve inches - twelve inches and ten inches wide - four feet tall with feathery, smoky purple foliage - just over one metre, and the leaves stay stiff and erect - toward the light - towards light sources - two to three feet tall - up to three feet tall and spread to about three feet - upright in clumps of dense tufts with numerous long, narrow strap-like leaves * grow vigorously and are hardy and free from disease - create dense colonies that exclude other vegetation - in water or wet soil * grow well in full sun or dappled shade - light to heavy well-drained soils in areas of dappled shade or part sun - most soils in full sun or partial shade - nutrient poor sharply-drained gravelly soils * grow well in sunny or partially sunny positions in well draining soils - sunny positions in well-draining soils - water saturated soils - only within a limited temperature range * grow well under four- tube fluorescent fixtures and can be summered outside in shade - four-tube fluorescent fixtures and can be summered outside in shade - standard fluorescent fixtures and can be summered outside in shade - with the basic nutrients * grow when temperatures are favorable - their needs are met * grow with the aid of light - their roots going towards the water table * grow, animals grow, children grow, cities grow, knowledge grows, etc - bloom and die back, sunlight moves across the area, seasons come and go - bloom, produce new seeds, and die, often in a short span of time - change and reproduce - flower and die - flower, bear fruit and even die just as they do in real life * growing along the edge, especially trees, can impede water flow - from spores are called fungi - in an alpine environment have to survive some of the most severe conditions * growing in containers dry out faster than in the ground - or in windowboxes are particularly vulnerable to ant activity - dry soils tend to be stunted, but are relatively persistent - excessive shade make weak growth and have an open habit - fields are under constant attack by many soil organisms * growing in full sun always produce more flowers - hot, dry locations are most susceptible to mite attack - shade are more open - shady areas where the humidity is often very high are most susceptible - sunny areas are most subject to injury - the shade have dark green leaves - very dense shade are low in food reserves, resulting in weak plants - water are called as hydrophytes * growing on north-facing slopes encounter cooler temperatures and deeper shade - open rock are usually much smaller than plants growing in rich soil - their own roots are also often long-lived in comparison to budded plants - through the bones can help determine how long a body has been in one place * growing under adequate soil moisture are more sensitive than drought-stressed plants - stressful conditions, however, remain weak and are unable to produce new roots - with red light grow in the middle value * grown at higher elevations take longer for the bean to develop so it is hardier and denser - directly from seed are always or nearly always single-headed - during the summer have difficulty in producing good color * grown for crowns require two years to mature as fruit - food require large amounts of potassium * grown from cuttings develop quickly and can produce flowers the following year - grafted tubers usually bloom the third year after planting - leaf cutting sometimes have more than one growing points - rhizomes die starting at the leaf tips and progressing ever downward - seed can take on the following forms, depending on the seed genetics - the seeds usually turn out a bland green color - tissue culture usually pass trough callus phase and show many variations * grown in a forest are community grown - sunny window often get tall and spindly because of inadequate light - window often become tall and spindly because of inadequate light - cages provide good foliage protection - chambers often deplete available carbon dioxide, which can limit their growth - compost-rich soils are stronger and more resistant to disease and insects - containers without holes are likely to become waterlogged - contaminated soil take up the hazardous substances through their roots - deep shade can develop leaves even longer than that - depleted soils have a reduced nutrient content * grown in full sun produce red to maroon fall leaf color - the best flowers - low light grow very slowly - partial shade can get too tall reaching for the light, and are likely to fall over - pots dry out quickly - spaceflight conditions are more susceptible to colonization by plant pathogens * grown in the absence of nitrates are generally rich in anthocyan - shade have less cutin than plants grown in the sun - sun have thicker, smaller, more numerous leaves - urban conditions generally have shorter lives - vitro are very sensitive to any change - wire cages provide good foliage protection - include gypsophila, eustoma, strawberry, and lavender flowers * grown on acid soils contain greater quantities of the active constituent azulene - acidic soils are less likely to take up toxic amounts of selenium - serpentine soil seem to be especially rich in chlorophyll - their own roots also tend to be longer-lived - outside of their optimum are more susceptible to disease - under artificial light usually show evidence of shock when they are moved to sunlight * grows additional roots to tap soil pore spaces - erect or as a trailing vine with aerial rootlets - up or down towards gravity - very rapidly * hang before windows without hooks or wire. * harbour several different CDKs that are all related to their yeast and animal counterpart. * harden off progressively in the fall. * harmonize with all being and their song is the song of the universe. * harness energy from the sun and provide food and shelter for animals - light energy to drive food production * has a particular semi-aromatic smell - strong licorice flavor and aroma - dark green color and is often grown for shade as well as fruit * have a basal branching growth habit - bushy, upright habit with sturdy stems of fragrant olive-green foliage - cell wall made of cellulose - cellular wall that is made-up of cellulose, which also gives plants their structure - compact, mounded growth habit - covering called a cuticle, which helps prevent water loss * have a different kind of life than animals - way of getting their own space - greater resistance to nematodes, fungal disease and pests - hard time eating rocks, but they really like to wiggle their roots through the dirt - horseradish taste and odor - huge array of ways to reproduce besides just flowers - juvenile stage before they mature and fruit - life cycle unlike that of any animal, fungus, or bacteria - limited ability to sense * have a long blooming period of six weeks - history of being used for their medical properties - low efficiency for recovery of soil nutrients from an acid soil - much more complex chemistry than antibiotics - narrow range of pH tolerance - nearly opposite respiration with that of humans - number of mechanisms for asexual or vegetative reproduction - rigid cell wall made of cellulose , and fungi one of chitin - short, fibrous root system - slower metabolic rate and can get by with capillary action - spreading habit of growth and are useful annual groundcovers - structure as well, and it's also affected by gravity - symbiotic relationship with certain bacteria - tap root, plus prominent lateral roots below the soil surface - thick waxy coating to prevent themselves from heat and to store a lot of water - tremendous ability to store calcium oxalate - unique use for water - variety of methods for spreading their seeds - very clever way of using the energy from sunlight to make their food - waxy coating called a cuticle which prevents excessive water loss on land - way of unconsciously and continuously making the planet better for themselves - about a dozen basic cell types that are required for everyday functioning and survival - acids, too, but they also have a chemical known as a bicarbonate that buffers the acids - adaptations to habitats - aesthetic, temporal and spiritual qualities * have all kinds of chemical defense systems that go in to action when the plant is damaged - the organelles animal cells have * have an additional cell wall, made up of cellulose, which is freely permeable - enormous impact on our lives - erect form - important effect on the microclimate of an ecosystem - upright habit of growth - annual resting periods when they are guided by ancient inner cues - at least five sHSP gene families which comprise a large multigene family - babies, too - basic structures * have both male pollen and female parts of the flower - organs and organ systems - red bracts during flowering. full sun * have broad leaves and are evergreen - carry capacity * have cell membranes just underneath their cell walls * have cell walls made of cellulose and chlorophylls a and b are present - that protect the nutritious insides - cells that contain chloroplasts * have characteristic deficiency symptoms - long and narrow auricles clasping the stem and papery ligules - chlorophyll and an alternation of generations * have chloroplasts which are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place - with chlorophyll a and b - clorophyll - complex structures with specialized functions - crinkle leaves * have dark green foliage and seem to tolerate low light levels well - shiny-green leaves and white fragrant flowers * have deep green foliage - defense systems just like animals * have different light requirements - reproductive manners - watering requirements at various stages of their growth - difficulty absorbing copper, zinc, boron, manganese and iron in basic soils * have distinct stages in their life cycle - dramatic impact - either no or very basic ability to sense - erect stalks * have extensive root systems that find every crevice in the soil - to collect water - fairly open and upright type of growth - fine-textured foliage - five classes of hormones - fruits to protect the seeds inside - gametes, which contain half the normal number of chromosome s for that plant species - gametophyte phases * have good growth, are blooming and forming beans - viability and are easily classified in segregating populations * have green colored structures that produce food by photosynthesis * have healthy foliage and are disease resistant - leaves, excellent stalks and produce dent grain - homes and communities just like animals and people - hormonal activity in humans - inch flower stalks * have indeterminate growth because of their tough resistant cell walls - inflorescences, which are sometimes reduced to a single flower * have individual and collective aesthetic value - insights into the world that animals are incapable of knowing - networks of roots that lie near the surface and can capture rain when it falls - root systems that are close to the surface, so they can quickly absorb any rain - large, showy leaves with spotting and variegation - leafs - leathery foliage - leaves so they can get nourishment - less ability to absorb nutrients * have life and are in full possession of their senses - life, feel pain * have little effects - memories, and thrive best in soil similar to that of their origins - low vigour - magical effects on children and add a critical dimension to any play environment - major impact - male and female parts * have many adaptations for conserving water or storing it - that increase the likelihood of outcrossing - to cope with the lack of water * have many different forms - strategies for using water - external structural defenses that discourage herbivory - fatty acid desaturase genes with similar sequences - mechanisms of defense against insects - microstructures on their surface to defend from their enemies * have many needs including sunlight, water, soil and air - water, soil, air and sunlight - other actions upon their environment - prove benefits - roots that lie just underneath the surface of the soil to catch moisture - white flowers with four petals, giving the plant a white, flat-topped appearance - means of travelling and changing that are denied to humans - medium vigor - moderate resistance to blackspot and grow easily from cuttings - more freedom of form than animals - much higher than animals - multiple stems - names , just like people do * have natural barriers - defenses against pests - naturally inherent abilities to ward off adverse conditions when living in healthy soil - neither nerves nor muscles * have no antibodies - excretory organs - immune system to combat infection - regular method of evacuating their excretions as animals have - special organs for removal of wastes - use for oxygen, so they release it through their leaves - numerous narrow dense heads of creamy white to rose colored tubular flowers - nutrients that help the soil * have only five types of organs - one class of hormones, called gibberellins - openings called stomata on their leaves and water loss occurs through the stomata - opportunity - outstanding vigor, disease resistant and winter tolerance * have pale flowers - parasites, such as aphids and fungi * have parts and have functions - that perform specific functions - physical adaptations as well - power to heal * have purple flowers - red-brown branches and small pink and white flowers - roots for two main reasons * have seasonal flowers - growth fluctuations - seeds, but in the fungus world, the equivalent of a seed spore - segments with rounded margins, ribbed ovaries, and purplish-brown anthers - sensors that help plant employees monitor the temperature, pressure, and water level - sentient spirits, no less than humans or animals - separate transport systems for water and nutrients * have several basic needs for better survival - going up their stalks - highly regulated mechanisms for dissipating excess absorbed light energy - sex, too - short, bushy foliage with serrated leaves of forest green * have similarities and differences and can be grouped by their characteristics - singular smells and textures and are signed in braille - some resistance to red stele, but the fruit are susceptible to gray mold * have special adaptations for producing food - pH requirements for normal growth - sterile flowers - stomata on both their leaves and their stems - stunted leaves that are curved upwards, looks like leaf roll virus - such factors * have the ability to create glucose instead of absorbing it from other sources - open and close stomata as conditions demand - take up the amount of needed nutrients and to leave excess in the soil - capability to produce far more seeds than are necessary to replace themselves - potential for replacing petroleum as the material basis of our economy - remarkable ability to make their own food - same defense mechanisms as animals * have their own natural defense systems to ward off insects - plasticity * have thick cell walls to strengthen the plant stem - stems, are very robust and resistant to wind damage and metribuzin - thorns, poisonous chemicals and warning colours to deter animals - three and four way branching carying sixteen buds * have tiny holes in their leaves called stomata - underneath their leaves that release unused water * have tiny openings called the stomata on the underside of their leaves - on the underside of their leaves and stems - root hairs covering the end of each of the roots * have to adapt so they are able to live and survive in a particular place or habitat - be put under sprinklers and shade - change or adapt over time by a process of evolution to survive - grow their roots in cracks in the rock or in the very shallow soil - have nitrogen to grow - like the climate, the soil and the water to be successful - transport sucrose and amino acids between different tissues - tremendous developmental plasticity * have two distinct types of leaves - methods of reproduction, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction * have underground rhizomes - ways to defend themselves against pests and diseases - unisexual, male or female flowers - useful features - varying levels of some elements in different parts - veins and roots, like the farmer and gatherers * have very broad leaves, and heavy buds with lots of resin - few pest problems - fine texture, dark green color and low vertical growth - well-branched scapes and are vigorous growers - widely different requirements when it comes to lighting and other specific needs * having small and light seeds and fruits disperse their seeds and fruits by wind. * heat up due to sun's energy. * hedgerows to provide a shelter for birds and beneficials. * help animals and people survive - because they are animals source of nutrition * help control air pollution - the amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere - form, enrich, and stabilize soil - hold the soil in place * help make oxygen for the air - people in several important ways, including filtering carbon dioxide into oxygen * help reduce noise pollution - retain soil and reduce erosion of the banks into the water - to protect the soil surface from raindrop impact * herbs that discourage insects. * hoard iron, using a protein, ferritin, to store it in seeds and leaves. - nutrients in tissue - sand and soil in place, but die off during periods of drought - sediment and soil nutrients, allowing clean water to run-off - the soil in place and prevent erosion around the rocks and wire mesh * holds soil in place with their roots. - the quality of air creating a healthy and happier environment * include apple trees - beeches - conifers - fern cacti - hardwood trees - willows * includes cell membranes - corpi - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections * incorporate carbon as long as they live. * increase by forming new shoots from the roots - humidity and use up available carbon dioxide rapidly - water use efficiency through partial stomatal closure * increases in size by underground rhizomes. * infected by aphids lose their vigor, and new growth is stunted and deformed - yellow bean mosaic are more dwarfed and bunchy - earlier in their development suffer greater yield reductions - early are usually dwarfed * infected with Sclerotinia crown and stem rot continue to die - a virus usually remain infected for their entire life - blackleg disease have a shiny, coal-black, slimy appearance - blossom blight produce small or misshapen strawberries - one virus often show decreased susceptibility for other viruses - rhizome rot fail to grow in the spring - spindle tuber viroid are upright, dwarfed and much thinner than normal vines - the disease die prematurely and infected pods produce small discolored seed - wilts start to show symptoms in the middle of the growing season * infested are elm, ash, apple, maple, willow, aspen, and cotoneaster - willow, ash, elm, rose, fruit trees, and poplars * infested with mites lose their green color and appear bronzed or washed out - scale are covered with either hard or sticky brown bumps * inherit characteristics from their parents in the same way that animals do. * initially produce a basal rosette of leaves that resembles dandelion. * interact with microbial polysaccharides - people and animals too in midwinter festivities * interfere with neighbors by depleting limited resources available to another. * introductionsofmaize as a source of o l with unusual fatty acidcomposition. * invade dry, open lands with frequent disturbance such as fields and pastures * invigorate the water body by increasing oxygen concentrations in the water and sediments. * involve others in their sexual escapades. * iris rhizomes just below the soil surface in a good soil. * is deciduous - dioecious exhibiting flowers in late spring which are yellow green and showy - easy to grow, but does best in light, well-drained soil - eaten in time of famine - exceptionally majestic because it grows erect instead of in a mound - first chain of food chain, but first living thing in food chain eats the plant - indoors in winter and outdoors in summer - monoecious and have separated female and male flowers on the same plant - often branchy due to secondary bud burst at seed axils - poisonous to the touch, and grows only in bogs or wet soil - self-incompatible and insect pollinated - strong amoebicide - susceptible to iron chlorosis - tall with stems that are long and perfect for cutting * keep flowering from the same raceme over a long period of time. * keep the soil on the land - world from becoming a wasteland * lack motility - such specialized cells, and plant cell walls prevent phagocytosis - vigor and wilt during mid-day as the root are destroyed * lacking in iron also take on the yellow appearance - potassium usually remain small and lack vigor - sufficient phosphorus usually have purplish leaves, petioles, and stems * lag behind, and larger animals' migration is slowed down by cities and roads. * last for several years * late season bloomer with an extended bloom cycle. * learn to efficiently store water and moisture. * leaves draw carbon dioxide from air and combine it with water to make carbohydrates - only have so much space to support fungi, mold, bacteria - processed into cigarettes, cigars, pipe or rolling tobacco, or smokeless products - turning yellow characterize an absence of sulfur in the soil * leaves, especially rhubarb, cabbage, spinach, and beet tops, contain oxalic acid - the caterpillar s cuisine, are high in potassium and low in sodium - when gashed or damaged, show red areas and bubbles * like to be rootbound before flowering - colonize in favorable conditions, creating a nice woodland groundcover - rest in the winter and require less water * lilies Deadhead summer bulbs as they finish blooming. * literally starve to death. * live and adapt to a wide variety of environments - dried, including plant cuttings - just about every place in the world - soil, sand, snow, and rock - most of their lives anchored to a certain place * living in the taiga are adapted for a. long, cold winters - water have special porous passageways that supply the roots with air * look like skeletons of themselves - their parent plant * looks best in natural form, so prune select branches instead of shearing. * loosely caespitose. * lose a large volume of water through the leaves in the form of vapor - hardiness faster with warmer temperatures - moisture more rapidly and begin to wilt - their ability to distribute their own seeds * lose vigor and decline in abundance within three to four years - produce less chlorophyll * lose water by evapotranspiration - continually by transpiration - from their surfaces as vapor back into the atmosphere * lose water through stomates - the pores in their leaves * loses in dry weight. * love full sun and a well-drained average soil - light and move around to maximise their suntan - wastewater and thrive off it * low, spreading, hardy bush. * macrofossils in Quaternary lake sediments. * mainly use the blue and red portions of the color spectrum. * maintain a dense full plant habit without much renewal pruning required - the physical and chemical integrity of ecosystems * make a compact, upright bush of eight to twelve inches in height - adjustments in their normal growth patterns to find light in order to live - and store excess food that can also be used to provide energy for consumers - cellulose as a part of their cell walls and it is used for structural support - flowers for reproduction * make food from carbon and water - the carbon and other things that come from animals' bodies * make food in chloroplasts, tiny green organs mostly in leaves * make glucose by photosynthesis - predominantly in their leaf cells * make good root growth - use of porphyrin based materials in their energy capture - great accent and are used in massing, as specimens and street trees - hairs for many reasons, one of the primary ones being to deter herbivory - it possible for animals to use the energy of sunlight * make many exotic chemicals, ward off predators and respond to harsh environmental conditions - naturally occurring pesticides - nectar to attract pollinating animals - nice environments for bacteria to live - part of soil - people feel better - photosynthesis happen with carbon dioxide, water and sunlight - seeds make plants * make sugar by photosynthesis, usually in their leaves - from water, carbon dioxide and sunlight - sugars by photosynthesising sugars using carbon dioxide from the air * make the air cleaner and produce oxygen, which people and animals breathe - most of visiting ants - pollen in the saclike anthers of their flowers * make their food from carbon dioxide and water - own carbohydrates during photosynthesis * make their own food all summer * make their own food by using air, water and energy from the sun - from sunlight through a process called photosynthesis * make their own food in the presence of water, sunlight and soil - using sunlight and the process of photosynthesis - while animals have to rely on the plants or other animals for food * make their own food, glucose, in a process called photosynthesis - using water, carbon dioxide and energy from the sun - whereas animals obtain food by eating other organisms - nutrients through a process known as photosynthesis - two types of lignin, syringyl lignin and guaiacyl lignin * make up diets - most of the earth's living creatures - the base of the chain, by converting energy from the sun into food * make use of a diverse group of signaling compounds to regulate growth and development - little amount of heat to perform the photosynthetic process - all visible light * mallow in full sun or light shade in well-drained soil. * manage to break the bonds of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen through photosynthesis. * manufacture an amount of food that is greatly in excess of their own needs - and store carbohydrates as their chief source of energy * manufacture food from sunlight in a process known as photosynthesis - in their leaves through the use of solar energy * marigolds after the last frost - and zinnias - around other plants throughout the garden to repel nematodes * marigolds to deter pests - keep worms away * marigolds, petunias, mint, and other herbs that naturally repel pests. * mark the beginning of the oxygen cycle. * mature much faster in live sphagnum than in other media - within two to three months from seeds * mature, flower and produce new seeds in a few weeks before drought sets in again. * matures in a matter of days in hot weather. * may have characteristics - kernels - red leaves * mediate omnivore-herbivore interactions and influence prey suppression. * monitor changes in day length with the pigment a. anthocyanin. * mostly absorb red and blue wavelengths - take up nitrogen as nitrate * move from outdoors to indoors, wet to dry, dry to wet, hot to cold and so on - ions out of their roots in an effort to move nutrients in from the soil * multiply rapidly, and produce fewer flowers as they become overcrowded. * naturally form many root suckers - sway as they grow * need adequate nutrients - extra attention - high heat - large pots * need little attention - orange light * need special attention - specific conditions * needs lots of water, and all parts of it are poisonous. * never grow without direct sunlight - spinose, leaves thin * normally absorb water through their roots - bloom from midsummer until frost - evolve such toxins as a defense - give off carbon dioxide after they die and decompose - recover when favorable growing conditions allow root expansion - start to flower about two years of age - used for grazing are dead or withered * now go extinct at a rate of two to three species per day - have a usable form of nitrogen again * obtain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the air or through the soil - hydrogen, and oxygen from air and water - elements from the surrounding atmosphere, water, or soil water * obtain energy by absorbing light energy - from glucose made during photosynthesis - food in two different ways - inorganic elements from the soil, which serves as a natural medium for land plants - most of their carbon from the atmosphere - nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, sulfur, calcium, iron, magnesium and more from the soil - nutrients from the soil and soil solution through the plant roots - the primary and secondary nutrients and some micronutrients solely from the soil - their carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide * obtain their energy directly from the sun - food from the sun * obviously require light to grow. * occasionally produce slender flowery spikes that resemble rat's tails. - the first feeding or trophic level as they make food directly from the sun's energy * occupying marshes are instrumental in accreting sediment by trapping during tidal cycles. - naturally in riverine and seasonally flooded forests - over wide elevational ranges - singly although clusters are more common * offer a safe, cost effective and unlimited supply of human blood proteins * offer many benefits - more benefits * often appear compressed to the soil, as if they have been repeatedly stepped on - dwarfed and leaves at the growing tip are distorted - are chlorotic or purplish, wilted, stunted and weak - become unkempt and straggly by late summer - bunchy and stunted, with curled and twisted stalks - collapse and die during hot weather - contain minerals that are taken up from the soil they are grown in - develop chemicals that act as poisons making an animal sick or even killing it * often die be- fore blooming - from the weakening of the lower stem - in patches and the disease commonly produces circular patterns in the bed - within a few days - drop leaves while becoming acclimated to a new environment - form dense colonies that displace native vegetation and wildlife - grow more broad than high * often have a rotted appearance - perfect root systems and no disease lesions on stems - sentimental value that far exceeds their actual monetary value - what appear as dead stems - lean, break, or blow over - loose their variegation when they are grown with too little light - occur in moderately dense, though often small, patches - recover if the disease is controlled early enough * often reproduce asexually by what is known as vegetative reproduction - respond poorly under high levels of fertilization * often respond to different stresses in a similar fashion - external stimuli through growth - root from the stem nodes if the nodes are buried in sand - shed basal leaves after flowering begins - show no symptoms until they are mature and bearing heavily - spread by runners, underground stems that grow horizontally - start from a tiny seed, and grow into a big tree * often store nutrition as starch - waste inside of leaves - suffocate when planted too deep - take root at the node and produce new shoots - tassel prematurely * often thrive in citrus groves, competing with trees for water, nutrients, and light - kitchen windows and brightly lit bathrooms because of the humidity - tiller ex- cessively - turn whitish when dried - wilt, turn yellow, and die * only move when there is something to be gained by doing so - produce carbohydrates during the day and during the growing season - reach their full height and width when kept vigorous - reduce nitrate in the light for a reason - take up, or absorb, chemical salts dissolved in water, mostly through their roots * operate specific systems for embryogenesis which are affected by various exogenous molecules. * ordered by mail often arrive with no soil around their roots. * organs Every plant has a unique form and structure and is made up of several distinct organs. * ornaments very often show stylisation of some ancestral motif, mostly the tree of life. * outgrow containers * overfertilized with nitrogen tend to produce a flush of green growth and fewer flowers. * pass the winter in various ways. * pathogens with sexual and asexual reproduction on multiple hosts. * perennials from seed. * perform a vital role in replenishing the oxygen level in the atmosphere. * perform best in areas with cool summers - full sun and are heat tolerant - gritty, well-drained soils - rich, moist soil, well-supplied with organic material - well-drained soils and full sun - better when planted after the tops have stopped active growth or died back * photosynthesize it - light energy into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates - only during the day and respire only at night * pick that nitrogen up. * pigments in woodland soils. * placed in full sun tend to become scorched - sun have better red color - too close to the home can trap moisture, creating mildew problems * plant themselves. * plants farther apart to increase air-circulation. * play a critical role in the complex food web - crucial role in supporting life on the planet - major role in supporting different forms of life on Earth - role in the long-term water balance - very important role in the natural environment and human life - vital role in the survival of the human race * play an essential role in a gold mobilization - maintaining good water quality and a healthy, balanced habitat * play an important role in achieving high quality effluent - disease prevention * play an important role in the development of crops that resist disease, insects, and drought - significant role in development of crops that resist disease, insects and drought - many other essential roles * pollens most often cause it. * pollinate at different times of the year and it varies from season to season. * pollinated by bats often have white or pale nocturnal flowers that are large and bell shaped - hermits tend to produce only one flower daily * poppies directly in the soil. * pose a problem to both kittens and adult cats, since felines tend to be lifetime nibblers. * possess a sprawling habit - desirable characteristics - multifunctional and rapidly evolving specialized metabolic enzymes - vegetative souls , allowing for nutrition and reproduction * pour out seeds. * practice photosynthetic solutions to the problems of power acquisition. * prefer a good soaking when they are watered, as opposed to frequent, light watering. * prefer a rich, moist site, spreading to form a large patch - well draining soils to fuel their fast, season long growth - well-drained site in full sun and are frost tolerant - an open, humus-rich neutral to alkaline soil mix, warm conditions and strong light - at least one half sun * prefer bright light, cool temperatures, moderate watering, high humidity and acidic soils - bright, indirect light and a moist, well-drained soil - deep, less frequent watering over light, more frequent watering - full sun and are tolerant of diverse soil types * prefer full sun to light shade and a well-drained soil - partial shade in moist well drained soil - loose, nutrient-rich, sandy soil - medium light - natural light locations with partial shade to bright indirect light * prefer partial shade with moist, fertile, well-drained soils - shade, slightly acid soil that is well drained - rich moist well drained, soil - rich, well cultivated soil - semi shade but tolerate full sun and extended dry periods once established * prefer to be evenly moist, with a reservoir of water at their roots to use when they dry out - kept moist - have a steady, stable environment in which to grow * present unique advantages for the study of circadian rhythms. * presumably grow on different trees which are rather rare. * prevent erosion, protecting our soil - soil erosion and flooding, and keep our water clean and drinkable * produce a creeping rhizome but are relatively slow to spread - gas called ethylene - structure, the sporangium , in which meiosis occurs which animals lack - variety of defensive compounds that can seriously affect herbivores - wide variety of complex chemicals that mimic substances use by our own bodies - pollen that is easily dispersed by wind as the photo below shows - quantities of seed - abundant, small seeds which are dispersed by wind - abundantly - an array of potent protective chemicals - attractive white to light-pink petals at the edge of darker pink flowers - both food and oxygen for animals - red flower spikes which are very rich in nectar and attract many birds * produce carbon compounds - dioxide and water as respiratory waste products - certain wastes of inorganic and organic nature, which are stored in the organs * produce chemicals that act as pesticides to kill or predators and fungi - which upon decomposition of the plant are toxic to soil micro-organisms - clones by root suckering and can form large rings of genetically identical plants - clusters of large, red berries which possess a mild flavor - countless fragrant chemicals - creamy white flowers in spring followed by blue fruit in the fall - decorative seed pods and the flowers look good in cut arrangements * produce defensive chemicals - double flowers all summer in pink and blue - energy by photosynthesis - ethylene as a natural product of respiration - fatty acids essential for the life of the cells in our body - few fruits, mostly foliage - flat heads of tightly clustered flowers * produce flowers for reproduction - with a variety of tepal colors from reddish-purple to pink on white - food, which keeps humans and animals alive - fruit that are too small - fruits, rich in carbohydrates , vitamins and fiber - fungicides , insect repellents, and also pesticides to deter predators - glucose through a process known as photosynthesis - glycogen from sunlight in the process called photosynthesis - high wast which damages the environment - isoprene, a major haze ingredient, as a strategy for coping with heat - lacy clusters of white flowers in the spring as the foliage is emerging * produce large clusters of bright red berries - less protein and more sugars, resulting in a major reduction in feed value - life-giving oxygen - little new growth, small berries and wilt and die * produce many more pollen grains than are actually used in reproduction - types of xanthophylls, but lutein is the only one that accumulates in the eye - microscopic round or oval pollen grains to reproduce * produce more leaves than stemmy tissue in the spring - non-productive support tissue as they get larger - oxygen than they use, adding oxygen to the atmosphere - most of the food in the ocean, as they do on land, and so they are called producers * produce multiple sprays of yellow with red lipped flowers on compact growing plants - tillers from the crown * produce new cell matter out of inorganic material by photosynthesis - offspring from just one parent plant - nitrogen nodules on their roots and are tolerant of drought and poor soil - nodding clusters of blue flowers - only a rosette of leaves in the first year * produce organic compounds - molecules using carbon from carbon dioxide - other kinds of compounds in addition to the phenolics and terpenoids described below * produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis - waste product of making sugar using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water * produce oxygen during photosynthesis and can actually enhance oxygen levels during the day - the day, under lighted conditions, and carbon dioxide during the night - oxygen, add moisture and filter dangerous toxins - pollen in the spring * produce pollens and spores that are particularly useful in helping to determine climate - when they pollinate - primary compounds important in their metabolism - rich purple flowers throughout the summer - roots, which normally grow downwards into the soil and shoots which grow upwards * produce secondary compounds - metabolites as a defensive measure * produce seed at eight years of age * produce seeds and spores in the millions and billions - as a result of sexual reproduction * produce seeds that can germinate into new plants - give rise to new plants of the same species - small blue daisies with an unusual dark eye - small, pea-like flowers - something like antifreeze to survive the winter - substances that act like estrogens - the essential nutrients needed by heterotrophs to serve as coenzymes, cofactors, etc * produce their own food in order to survive and grow - the form of sugars through photosynthesis * produce their own food using chlorophyll, a green pigment unique to plants - water, carbon dioxide, and energy from the sun - three amino acids , leucine, isoleucine and valine - two types of stems - vitamins and contain all the minerals * produce white flowers in spring followed by blue-black fruit in fall - to pink, urn-shaped flowers in the spring * produce, animals consume, and fungi absorb. * produced by johnsongrass rhizomes are a common source of virus. * producing flowers are classified as - seed are likely to have fewer flowers the following year - seeds in cones are classified as - spermatia appear to have a whitish margin that look as if the plant is old - woody stems are called trees and shrubs * profoundly affect and are affected by soil organic matter and nutrient cycling. * prosper in average soils and require only occasional watering once established. * prostrate or ascending herbs. * protect animals from the current and predators and provide a food source - soil from water and wind erosion, and help the soil store water - the soil from excess erosion - themselves against ozone hole * provide a haven for wildlife - naturally recycling life support system in space - renewable source of food energy for many forms of life - spiritual link to nature and to our natural heritage - an important source of nutrients and organic matter - as much as three thousand pounds of forage per acre per year for animals - beauty, fragrance, food, and wildlife habitat - cover, food, and sediment-free spawning grounds for fish and other aquatic life - diverse habitats for birds, beneficial insects, and other wildlife in ecosystems - essential benefits that support all Earth's life forms - excellent opportunity * provide fiber e.g. cotton, flax linen, paper, cardboard - which is manufactured into fabric and clothing * provide food and cover for insects, which, in turn, are food for birds and mammals - cover, two vital needs for both * provide food and shelter for widlife and provide a place for microorganisms to attach - wildlife and macroinvertebrates * provide food for animals - most of the heterotrophs on land - food, clothing, shelter, and medicine * provide food, shelter, and nesting sites for other organisms - clothing, flavors, beverages, drugs, medicines, and decoration - for many of the basic needs of wildlife - fuel, food, clothing, and even shelter, either directly or indirectly - good forage for livestock before burs develop * provide habitat for animals - the invertebrates fish feed on - humans with oxygen through photosynthesis, food, clothing and shelter * provide important habitats - protective substances called phytonutrients * provide many benefits - medicinal products such as penicillin and digitalis * provide materials for clothing including cotton and flax - shelter and for books - much of the oxygen needed by the organisms to live and grow - natural protection for soils against erosion in several ways - nourishment for our bodies and souls - nutrients and shelter - oxygen and food as well as alter and stabilize the soil * provide oxygen to all living things - people and animals through photosynthesis - people and animals with food, shelter, and even oxygen * provide shade and help keep the water cool - for domestic and wild animals - which keeps algae growth reduced, and convert nitrogen into a usable form - small fishes with a place to hide from predators - solid nourishment for animals big and small * provide the base of the food chain in streams - basic food supply for themselves and for animals - basis of our energy balance, our atmosphere, and our food supply - food for all animal life - fungi with carbohydrates - nectar for honey production and pollen for brood production * provide, directly or indirectly, food for all animals and all of our atmospheric oxygen. * provides a single source of standardized information about plants. * pull out nitrates. * pump the water up from the soil to deliver nutrients to their leaves - up water from the soil * purify the air by taking out carbon dioxide. * put life-giving oxygen into the atmosphere via photosynthesis - up many barriers to the retention, entry and transport of herbicides * quickly form a verdant mat - regain and surpass their original size * radiate vibrations. * range from dwarfs to mature specimens - shade to full-sun tolerant - single stems to large clusters, depending on species - smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size - water storing cacti to fragile wildflowers * range in size from magnificent forest trees to small shrubs - small mosses to giant redwood trees * raspberries in well drained soils or on raised beds - well-drained soil or raised beds * raspberry bushes on ridges or in raised beds if drainage problem. * reach a maximum height of three feet - about an inch in diameter - islands in different ways - up from earth * react to an air conditioner's cool air in various ways - extremes in temperatureas well as to the daily average - insect stings And sometimes form peculiar things - sunlight by growing towards it - that situation with stress and stress attracts many pests * readily reproduce from roots. * receive a healthy amount of sunlight - abundant sunlight in the spring and filtered light in the summer - carbon dioxide from animals, and animals receive oxygen from plants - less stress if planted when they are dormant * receiving too little light have pale green, stretched foliage and long, weak flower stems. * reclining perennial with prickles. * recognize certain compounds as elicitors of their active defence mechanism. * recover putting out normal leaves when air quality improves - rapidly and establish quickly * recruit birds to aid pollination , and offer nectar as a reward - oil-detoxifying microbes * recycle nutrients and oxygen into the food chain in wetlands. * reduce energy consumption * reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere - discharge of solids, such as contaminated dirt, into waterways - risk of flooding in an area * reflect green light and absorb other wavelengths - because they contain the molecule chlorophyll * regulate our climate and enhance the natural beauty of our visual world. * regulate their intake and loss of gases via a cellular automaton mechanism - own soil pH to release required minerals * release carbon dioxide through a respiratory process analogous to that of our own breathing - oils that enter the soil and blend with the other earthy odors * release oxygen during photosynthesis - into the air as the carbohydrates sugar and cellulose are synthesized - significant amounts of their repellent oils only when their leaves are crushed - some of the stored carbon back into the atmosphere through respiration - volatile chemicals when attacked by caterpillars * release water and oxygen that animals breathe in - into the air from their leaves - through pores in their leaves - vapor into the air * rely on animals and wind and water to help scatter their seeds - to help spread seeds - pollination to reproduce - sunlight for energy and nutrients - the soil , water, and the sun for energy * remain green all year - until just before death - in bloom for several months - low, spread quickly and develop small, white, sweet smelling flowers in mass * remains are so durable that flash-freezing is unnecessary for their preservation - found at nest sites strongly suggests they built nests in late spring-early summer * remains, like bones, are clues to diet. * remove carbon dioxide from the air and add oxygen during photosynthesis - and replace it with oxygen - atmosphere during photosynthesis - atmosphere, produce oxygen, and provide shade - from the environment as carbon dioxide - formaldehyde from the air - nutrients from the water and assist in transferring oxygen to the water - water from the air and into the soil by transpiration * repeat bloom in late summer and fall - blooming for many years * represent millions of years of adaptation to environmental challenges - only a small portion of the total cost of growing vegetables * reproduce and grow in various ways - asexually, and people reproduce through childbirth - both sexually and asexually * reproduce by making seeds, like the sunflower does - seed and are prolific seed producers - seeds and rhizomes - seeds, stems, and creeping rootstocks - spreading seeds - freely by stolons - from the base of the stem after logging or fire * reproduce sexually by means of seeds or spores - spreading pollen from one flower to another - through their seeds that are replanted to turn into new plants * reproduced vegetively include artichokes and orchids. * require a certain amount of lumens to grow - year or more to reach maturity * require air, water and light to grow - water, and light * require air, water, nutrients, and light in order to live and thrive - ample water - an inch of water weekly - assistance * require carbon dioxide as an input - in the photosynthesis process - to conduct photosynthesis * require certain nutrients - quantities of light for proper growth - consistent moisture until pollination - diets that are as diverse as diets for people - differing amounts of water * require frequent fertilization - watering from the time they are transplanted - inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for normal growth - intermediate to warm temperatures and medium amounts of light - less water when it is cool and more when it is hot - little cultivation, except for weeding during early stages of growth - loose soil and excellent drainage - lower maintenance - magnesium to synthesize chlorophyll , essential for photosynthesis * require many different types of nutrients for proper growth - nutrients to grow, reproduce, and survive - minimal maintenance - moist, acidic, humus-rich soil in partial to full shade - moisture to absorb soil nutrients * require more frequent water - nitrogen than the do any other mineral element - water during their reproductive stage - much moisture, grow rapidly, and are often highly productive - nitrates for use with sugar to produce protein - nitrogen to make proteins, which are essential for all living things - nutrients for growth - one inch of rainfall per week for best growth - oxygen for respiration to carry out their functions of water and nutrient uptake - oxygen, nutrients, and water for proper growth - plenty of daylight to thrive - potassium for vigor and strength - proper environments to grow and develop - pruning and training to mechanically harvest - relatively large amounts of potassium in order to grow and remain healthy - rest between grazing to replenish stored sugars and restore leaf area - small amounts of other elements including iron, copper, zinc, sulfur, and boron * require some minerals in fairly large amounts and some in small amounts - nitrogen in the amine form * require space to grow and reproduce - sulfur for normal growth and development - sunlight in order to undergo photosynthesis - sunlight, water, soil, and air in order to grow and be healthy * require the carbon dioxide animals expel, while animals require the oxygen plants produce - in air in order to perform photosynthesis - full spectrum of light in order to grow and produce fertile seeds - time during the growing season to recover before grazing - very little sodium, therefore, feeds derived from plants are very low in sodium * require water and nutrients to grow - both to make nutrients and to move nutrients through their body from the soil - well drained soil to prosper over time * requires little maintenance Survives in full sunlight, partial sunlight, and light shade. * reseed themselves in the wild and in favorable spots. * resist scab, tolerate cucumber mosaic. * respire all the time, day or night - exactly the same way that animals do * respire, of course, just as animals and other heterotrophs do. * respond adversely to rapid changes in the environment. * respond differently to different colors of light - humic fertilizers according to their method of preparation - the climate where they are growing - in a robust fashion to cell damage - much faster to iron chelates than other iron sources - quickly to the higher night time temperatures * respond to acoustic energy * respond well to extra water during the drier seasons of the year * responses to and effects on the micro-environment - biotic and abiotic stress - canopy density mediated by photomorphogenic processes - cellular dehydration during environmental stress - grazing varied with stocking rate and topographic position - high temperatures are complex - human activities in the tropical savanna ecosystem of Botswana - saline and sodic conditions * resprout via an extensive rhizome system following cool fires. * rest in preparation for the next growing season. * rests in winter. * resume growth each spring from crown buds * retain their green color throughout the winter - natural profile without flopping on their neighbors * return the favor by consuming carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen - water they take in back to the air * rhabdoviruses replicate and assembly in nuclei, cytoplasm, and viroplasms. * rhizomes in spring or fall. * root easily from softwood or semihardwood cuttings taken before flowering - readily from softwood cuttings * rooted in it have trouble absorbing water. * rootstocks in spring after frost. * roses far enough apart to allow good air circulation between plants. * rot and wilt and die - at the ground line, or crown, of the plant - in the ground and precious top soil is washed away * rows with the direction of the prevailing wind to promote faster drying of foliage and fruit. * run freely. * sacrifice old growth in favor of new growth during stressful weather conditions. * salsify from seed in early spring and harvest after the first hard freeze in the fall. * scapose, leaves basal, pinnatisect with filiform lobes. * secrete compounds * see the blue light. * seeds into well-drained, fertile soil after the soil has warmed. * seek out light - rewards of nutrients, water, sunlight, and territory necessary for survival * seek, above all else, to propagate. * seem to absorb the higher sound frequencies at a greater rate - do best in rich soils such as are found in coulees or at the bases of hills * seem to grow most vigorously in the summer time - together as groups - know how important the sun is - live by constantly producing fresh growth - produce leaves, petals and seeds based upon the golden number * send out feeder roots to absorb water and essential nutrients. * sense seasonal and other environmental changes. * serve a use in the spiritual world - many important functions in the landscape - the human race in a variety of ways * set outdoors tend to dry out quicker. * shade the surface, moderating temperature fluctuations and moisture availability. * shaded by their neighbors often bolt upward to reach sunlight. * shapes divide and define the spaces in the garden. * share characteristics - many characteristics with green algae - several basic characteristics * shelter one another by blocking sunlight or allowing sunlight to reach the plant. * shift their positions to keep up with the sunlight in surrounding areas. * show a nonspecific decline and wilt - preference for partial to open light and upper slopes - wet rot and have a foul smell - wide range of sensitivity that generally overlaps that of animals - adaptations to hot and cold environments - and increased growth rate - both, but degree of each differs with life cycle stage - chlorosis and drying of green tissue and yellowing of leaf tips and margins - chlorosis, foliar discoloration, reduced plant vigor and premature leaf drop - great vigor and free-flowering traits - heterospory or two types of meiospores, microspores and megaspores - increased susceptibility to winter injury - reddening of leaf margins and very red petioles - remarkable perspicacity in their behaviour and struggle for life - sensitivity to one sided light by leaning toward the light * show signs of a general decline often before the crawlers or adults are even noticed - stress when light levels are too low or too high - some stunting, purple leaf tips and margins and numerous chlorotic spots - upward rolling of leaflets of the older leaves * showing symptoms near harvest are edible. * shrubs only in the spring - three to four feet apart in rows six feet apart * simply have to cope with environmental changes as they come. * sing as they work The sun is the primary source in the Earth's food and energy chain. * slow down their metabolic rates in the cooler weather. * slowly die one leaf at a time. * soak up carbon dioxide, combining it with water to create other chemicals - large amounts of water through their roots - the water from the soil, and animals drink it from the streams * soaks up carbon dioxide, emit oxygen, and absorb toxic particles from the air. * solve the gamete transfer problem by relying on various pollination vectors. * sometimes exhibit wilt symptoms with narrow, stunted, mottled leaves - store toxic compounds in hairs on the surfaces of their leaves * spacing variability begins with the planter. * specially living in water are called as hydrophytes. * species distribution in bald cypress swamps along the Cache River in southern Illinois - diversity is one such attribute - interrelationships in a secondary succession in coastal British Columbia - migration across contiguous ancient-recent forest ecotones in central Belgium * species migration in a mixed- history forest landscape in eastern North America - mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North America - native to Utah * species with low shade tolerance in sunny areas - waxy foliage are generally more tolerant of salt spray * speed up recovery from illness. * spend a lot of energy and nutrients in creating fruit. * spontaneously grow in the mulch to create a float- ing plant habitat. * sprawling on the ground lose many tomatoes to slugs and disease. * spread out to form open clusters of plants * spread rapidly by clonal vegetative reproduction from vigorous rhizomes - underground runners and by seed - via surviving rhizomes * spread slowly to form dense clumps - via short rhizomes * spread slowly with age, forming a ground cover with beautiful flowers - steadily via underground stolons to form large clumps in the border - via seeds, tillers, and occasionally by short rhizomes * spreads horizontally, forming large clumps of interconnected plants. * sprout aromatic leaves. * sprout from buds * sprouting from the genetically modified seeds produce their own pesticide. * stabilize soils and oxygenate the atmosphere. * stand erect up to several feet in height and have branching roots - on grass mats that cover a wood base - one to two feet tall - still after they have passed the seed stage * stands of evergreens in hardwood forests. * start carrying on photosynthesis and respiration if the plant has chlorophyll and sunlight - from cutting as erect stems but soon develop several heavy spreading branches - growth early in spring and continue through the summer * start their life as seeds and the seeds then grow into small plants and then big trees - lives as tiny seeds - to grow, and astronauts grow and harvest food * starts of perennial herbs. * starved in oxygen gas also affects the success of germination for metabolism and growth. * stay in bloom for up to three weeks or more - the same place all the time - more compact if their flower spikes are pinched back * stems and leaves grow toward a light source. * stems are decumbent - negatively geotropic and the roots are positively geotropic - responsive to the loads applied and can increase the amount of fibre if necessary - can be horizontal - hold the plant upright an carry nutrients from one part of the plant to the other - protect soil from rapid temperature fluctuations that cause frost-heaving - remain green while the pods and seed have reached harvest maturity - root at the nodes where they touch the soil - slow and disperse flow of surface runoff, and promote settling of sediment - that run above and along the ground and form a new plant near the main plant * stems, physiology and functional morphology. * still lose moisture to the atmosphere in winter but at a slower rate than in summer - require water to reestablish a root system and survive * stop growing during hot summer * store food - insoluble polymers, starches, lipids, and proteins in the cells - poisons in their vacuole - some of their sugar they made during photosynthesis to give their own cells energy - their high-level radioactive waste in pools or in dry containers * stored in a capillary bed can survive for up to a year with very little maintenance. * strawberries so the crown is slightly above the soil line when plants are firmed. * strive on polychrome rock face. * succeed in any lime-free soil, light or heavy. * succulent, or non-succulent. * suck in the silicon through their roots, and then somehow make little fibres of glass. * sucker freely. * suddenly turn yellow and die in patches during warm, humid weather. * suffer from a lack of water and nutrients, and yields are reduced - lack of sunlight and available moisture is taken by neighboring trees and shrubs - less transplant shock and develop roots faster if they are without blooms - nutrient deficiency and develop drought intolerance following acid rain - the effects of ozone too * suffering from nitrogen deficiency are more susceptible to disease, infection, and injury - physiological stalk weakness are susceptible to secondary problems * supply animals with energy - many human needs through their use as food, medicines, energy, building materials etc * supply the energy for all higher life forms on Earth - fungi with carbohydrates, in return, making it a symbiotic relationship * supported by cages tend to be less susceptible to blossom-end rot than staked plants. * surround ponds and lake shores. * survive as root stock during winter, buried by insulating layer of snow. * survive only when they are adapted to subfreezing weather - where the amount is within a specified range - periods without water by using a couple of strategies - very low temperatures only when they are fully hardened off - with the help of water - within a more or less broad range of temperatures * sustain continual growth in the apical meristem - only minute damage as the corn borer larvae attempt to feed * sway in the wind. * sweat through transpiration. * synthesise all their nutrients from air water and minerals in the soil. * synthesize a large number oc compounds to protect themselves from predators - structural polysaccharide called cellulose - amino acids from the combination of sunlight, water and soils - and contain compounds with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties - glucose using photosynthesis, a process that is critical for all life - lignin to strengthen cell walls and to resist pathogen attack - sugar from carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis - two types of polysaccharides, starch and cellulose * take a foothold along cracks or in depressions where moisture content is higher. * take carbon dioxide and turn it back into breathable air - back into oxygen - from the air and give off oxygen - gas from the atmosphere and convert it into solid sugars and starches - out of the atmosphere - in air through their leaves * take in and store aldrin and dieldrin from the soil * take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen - out oxygen during photosynthesis - produce oxygen through a passive process called respiration * take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the air - use it as food - water to produce glucose and give off oxygen in photosynthesis - water, and produce carbohydrates and oxygen * take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and release oxygen - and use the carbon to build carbohydrates - for photosynthesis, and release carbon dioxide when they decompose - which humans breathe out - dioxide, and release sugar and oxygen - from the atmosphere and ocean and fix it into themselves - energy from the sun and use it to maintain growth and develop food and oxygen - gases from the air and give off others through pores in the leaves - nutrients through their root systems and sometimes their leaves - oxygen and use the sugar to create carbon dioxide and water - the gas carbon dioxide into their leaves * take in water through the roots - their roots, which are found underground - it in and use it for photosynthesis, build carbohydrates - minerals from the earth in ionic and colloidal form via their root membranes - nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen from the soil - on a beautiful reddish hue when grown in full sun * take several weeks to die - years to develop from seedlings to flowering stage - the sun 's energy , and they are eaten by other animals as food * take the sun's energy and store it in high-energy food substances that animals can use - energy, and they are eaten by other animals as food - their own shapes and sometimes demand their own location - time to grow - up N mainly in nitrate form * take up and release gases through small pores on the leaf surface called stomata - store the radioactive materials in roots or stems - carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis - certain nutrients from the water - chloride from salts accumulating in the soil - most water from the top foot of soil * take up nitrate from the soil and then reduce nitrate to ammonia - in normal growth and developmental processes * take up nitrates and form proteins - from the soil to make plant proteins for growth * take up nitrogen as nitrate, in smaller amounts also as ammonium ions - either as ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite via their roots * take up nutrients from the soil and the chemicals from the airs and use energy from the sun - in the surface waters, so that they are almost undetectable - selectively according to their particular needs at a given time - small amounts of hafnium from the soil in which they grow * take up the organic nutrients and act as a natural filter of the waste water - phosphate ions from the soil * take up water and minerals through their roots but make food in their leaves - from the soil and then release it from their leaves back to the air - into their tissues and release it into the atmosphere - through their roots and release water vapor through their leaves * take water from the ground through their roots - to grow and create food * tend to be aquatic in nature taking root in or near a water source - smaller and low in vigor * tend to be stunted and show poor growth - due to a shortening of the internodes * tend to become lanky, with few flowers - shallow-rooted and subject to winter injury - bloom earlier and generally are smaller in western than in eastern Nebraska - bolt when conditions remain dry - broaden with time as they sucker and mass together extremely uniformly - form roots around a root ball for reasons other than the pot being too small * tend to grow close to the ground or in the rocks for protection - toward light or water, for instance - hold soil and fine-grained rock fragments in place - just fall over and die for no noticeable reason - leak water and create problems - prefer being slightly dry rather than too wet - produce better flowers as the size increases with age - rot in wet locations * tends to grow flat. * then become hypersensitive to light and die - begin to die-off during autumn - can produce their own fruits and seeds - convert carbon dioxide into carbon which gets stored, or sequestered, in the roots - stabilize the soil, preventing erosion * then take root and hold the soil deposits firm against the force of the tide - that carbon dioxide, convert it into carbohydrates, and release oxygen - use the carbon dioxide and water to produce more food and oxygen * therefore show great versatility in the way their cells adapt to changing environments. * thirst for a few drops of water. * thrive beneath a pyramid. * thrive in a loose, loamy soil that is high in organic matter - moderately cool location, with partial shade - areas that receive summer moisture - filtered sun to full shade and prefer moist soil * thrive in full sun but have been known to flower and remain healthy in partial shade * thrive in shade and prefer a humus-rich, evenly moist soil - well drained soil and require limited care * thrive on fertile garden soils - poor soils and compete poorly with established vegetation - quality water - with no spray and produce year after year * thus expend far less energy developing roots to meet their nitrogen needs. * to attract insects - sufficient pollinators - sufficient food * to produce buds * to survive in arid conditions - different environments * to survive in such conditions * tolerate aneuploidy much better than animals * tolerate heat, cold, low soil fertility, and drought - drought, wind, and low fertility as long as drainage is sufficient * tolerate high levels of sulfur dioxide - some leaf damage without affecting plant health * too are alive - sources for medicine * too have hormones - in some cases a long life, while in others it lasts but for a year * toxins have affinity for existing receptors in animals. * transplanted to an unfavourable soil die. * trap the energy from the sun using the carbon dioxide in the air to make food - light energy for photosynthesis * treated with insecticides registered for use on food crops are safe to compost. * turn light into chemical energy in the form of sugars, which fuel the entire food web. * turn pale green or yellow, wilt, then brown and die - straw-colored when cool season frosts begin - the sun s light into food - white, after becoming translucent at the leaf tips * turn yellow and are stunted - degenerate prematurely - die from the bottom up - green and wilt - yellow, wilt, and gradually or suddenly die * typically collapse just as fruiting starts. * typically develop by acquiring nutrients from the soil - large patches and are difficult to control - die back during the dry winter months and leaves begin to emerge in spring - form colonies, especially in disturbed places - freeze back in the winter - grow along the shore * typically grow in open, sunny areas on moist soils in cool temperate climates - wet to moist soils, but tolerate periods of dryness - tiny pores in the stems and leaves of the plant called stomata - occur in clumps where they arise from fleshy bulbous bases - produce their own pesticides, especially in response to perceived threats - require less, if any, watering during cool or wet weather - take two to three years to fully mature * un- thrifty, often stunted, lack vigor. * undergo aerobic respiration similar to animals - both photosynthesis and cellular respiration - less stress from variations in soil moisture - primary growth to increase length and secondary growth to increase thickness * use Photosynthesis to create food from sunlight and carbon dioxide. * use a different part of the air, a gas called carbon dioxide - process called photosynthesis to make food - tremendous amount of water to support their leaves * use a variety of methods to prevent heavy metals from affecting their growth - then disperse their seeds - techniques to survive desert extremes - air, water, and light to grow - and store carbon dioxide when they grow - both processes, photosynthesis to capture the energy and respiration to use it - burn gases * use carbon dioxide and sunlight to make their own food and grow - as an input to their growth * use carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis - to make food through a process called photosynthesis - atmosphere for photosynthesis - gas in the process of photosynthesis , and exhale oxygen gas as waste - in photosynthesis to produce biomass, including food - to grow, absorbing it through the photosynthesis process * use carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates during photosynthesis - food for themselves - dioxide, water, and sunlight to make glucose - in the from of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis - cellulose for strength - chlorophyll and carotenoids, both chemical pigments, to absorb light * use chlorophyll to capture the sun s energy - convert sunlight into food using a process called photosynthesis - chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and minerals in order to make food - chloroplasts to turn sunlight into fuel to produce oxygen for their cells - cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis - different approaches to achieving specific goals * use energy from sunlight to convert the carbon dioxide into food or materials to grow - the sun in tiny energy factories called chloroplasts * use energy from the sun to grow and make food for all living things - make their own food through photosynthesis - produce carbon dioxide and sugars - environmental sources of energy and raw materials for their construction of glucose - ferrous iron - floral scents to attract pollinators or to repel harmful insects - fruit to attract animals and increase the range of their habitat * use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing - in the same way that other living things do - green pigments called chlorophylls to trap light energy - groundwater to grow - illegal materials - in photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen - inorganic minerals for nutrition, whether grown in the field or in a container - internal fertilisation apart from a few aquatic non-vascular plants - inulin to store energy * use it as an input to their growth * use it to build proteins, enzymes, chlorophyll, and hormones - with a chemical called chlorophyll to make food for plants - latex as a defense against herbivorous insects - leaves to absorb sunlight for the process of photosynthesis * use light as a source of energy - it is necessary for photosynthesis to occur - energy to drive photosynthesis, and animals use light energy to see - light-sensitive cells called chloroplasts to absorb photons from the sun - magnesium with iron to make their green chlorophyll - minerals for nutrition in nature or when growing in a container * use more of the red light in photosynthesis than any other colour - water in spring and summer, much less in fall and winter - much of the glucose they make - nitrate to build plant tissue, which is then eaten by animals - nitrate, and it is mostly harmless to fish - nitrates from the soil to make proteins * use nitrogen gas from the air to make organic compounds - nutrients found naturally in the soil and in the added compost - one of two life strategies to survive * use only carbon dioxide gas from the air , water and sunlight - the nitrate form directly * use oxygen and give off carbon dioxide - at night instead of producing it - to change food that they have made into energy for growth - pattern-recognition receptors to recognize conserved microbial signatures - phosphorus to flower, fruit and seed - photosynthesis as a means of obtaining energy from sunlight * use photosynthesis to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass - carbon dioxide into glucose - gather oxygen and transform it into energy - get their energy from the sun and use carbon dioxide to make oxygen * use photosynthesis to make food - take carbon dioxide and water and make glucose and release oxygen - turn sunlight into chemical energy - photosynthesis, deriving the energy from the sun - phytochromes to sense sunlight - potassium in such functions as photosynthesis, protein formation and water use - red and blue light most efficiently for photosynthesis and to regulate other processes - several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores - silica compounds as protection against predators - silicon to strengthen their cell walls * use solar energy as food so they can grow * use some of the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis as fuel for the respiration process - oxygen they produce, but most of it is released - special structures to help solve the problems of survival * use starch as their major energy storage molecule - sulfur in the processes of producing proteins, amino acids, enzymes and vitamins * use sunlight as a way to make energy to grow - energy to make food through a process known as photosynthesis * use sunlight for energy and make carbohydrates out of carbon dioxide and water - in a process called photosynthesis to survive * use sunlight to convert oxygen and carbon dioxide into glucose - grow, then animals eat the plants * use sunlight to make energy * use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide from the air, and water into food - water and carbon dioxide into glucose * use sunlight, air, and water to make food - carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar and oxygen - water, and carbon dioxide to make their food - the E from photosynth * use the carbon dioxide and return free oxygen to the air - that humans and animals breathe out after inhaling oxygen - direct light energy from the sun to grow * use the energy from light to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water - in sunlight to make their own food - of the sun to manufacture their own sugar, by the process of photosynthesis - they receive from solar radiation in order to fuel photosynthesis - food they make to fuel their own growth and activities - glucose they create through photosynthesis as a food source to survive * use the light energy to grow - most water during the warmest part of the day - nitrate ion as a nutrient or fertilizer to grow * use the nutrients from rocks, minerals and decaying plants and animals as food to grow on - in the soil as soon as the nutrient are put there - phosphates to grow, and animals that eat plants consume the phosphates in the plants - sugars to make food and nectar * use the sun's energy and provide many animals with food - for photosynthesis, which is the process they use to make nutrients * use the sun's energy to grow through a process known as photosynthesis - perform electrolysis and break down water into hydrogen and oxygen - produce the basic food for all animals, including humans - transform carbon dioxide gas and water into a sugar called glucose - light to make food - sunlight to build complex molecules that store the energy - their leaves to intercept sunlight * use their leaves to make food from sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and nutrients * use their roots to draw in water and minerals that are transported upward into the leaves - take up nitrogen available in the soil - up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during photosynthesis and release oxygen - various techniques to attract their particular animal partners - water to cool themselves, produce food, grow and reproduce - water, carbon dioxide and light energy to make sugar * used for screening sometimes have a short life span - in landscaping provide a source of seeds for invading disturbed areas nearby * usually acquire tree forms - are infected with the disease-causing bacteria long before they show any symptoms - contain about half as much chl b as chl a * usually die before pro- ducing seed - do that to nonuseful proteins - flower their second year, but some act as annuals and bloom the first - fruit by their fourth year, and bear full crops after the eighth year - go dormant and turn brown during the cool season where nighttime frosts are common * usually grow at edge of forest - luxuriantly in pure compost - perk up with water just as children perk up with good words and smiles from parents - produce small quantities of viable seed * usually recover in the same or the following season - when the weather becomes warm and dry - reproduce by forming seeds through sexual reproduction - require a certain 'photo-period' or time during which they have light - respond favorably by producing new, dark green growth - resume their normal forms as the snow melts - suffer one way or another - thrive in moist environments - use the lighter carbon dioxide first, before tapping into the heavier isotope * utilize all colors in photosynthesis - ammonia preferentially over other sources of nitrogen * utilize carbon dioxide in water during photosynthesis to produce oxygen - dioxide, produce food, release oxygen, and purify water - nutrients throughout their entire system from the roots to the pollen - simple chemicals as hormones, which move more easily through the plant's tissues - the nitrate ions as a nutrient or fertilizer for growth * vary according to the water supply - as to how fast they become resistant to drought after planting - diurnally in concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates - enormously in the amount of phytoestrogens they contain - greatly in size, from knee high to eight feet tall * vary greatly in their intervals from seeding to maturity - requirement for molybdenum * vary in flower color, bloom time, height, foliage texture and environmental requirements - height, length of leaves, time of flowering, and clump diameter - susceptibility to pathogens * vary in the amount of nitrate that accumulates in various tissues - sunlight they require for optimum growth - speed and ease in which they root from cuttings - way they respond to rotational grazing * vary in their expression of drought stress - minimum and maximum temperature requirements - requirements for sunlight, soil conditions, and irrigation - response to various wavelengths - sensitivity to salt * vary in their susceptibility to different pollutants - sun scald - tremendously in what constitutes a healthy leaf color - widely in their requirement for light * vegetatively reproduce from rhizomes, rhizome and stem fragments, and layering. * very husky grower and blooms in the winter. * vines with the lowest bud on the cane just above the soil surface. * volatiles as a defense against insect herbivores. * wage a constant battle with insects, relying heavily on chemical warfare. * wastes, fungal culture, mushrooms, antioxidants. * weakened by drought or root rots are more prone to cold injury - it quickly fall victim to fungus gnats and aphids * weakened by stress are also more susceptible to disease and insect damage - susceptible to disease and insects * wildflowers away from structures and in widely separated beds - the same times as prairie grasses - to lure parasitic insects, also enemies of beetles * will have blossoms - solid green leaves * wilt suddenly and die, with leaves clinging to dead plants. * windbreaks to avoid soil loss due to wind scouring. * wither and die for lack of rain * wither, trees become barren of leaves. * withstand long periods of drought, as they produce little growth in dry weather. * woody, trees or shrubs. * work by cleaning the air and neutralizing pollution - well in beds, border, containers and baskets * yields a blue dye similar to indigo. + Asexual reproduction: Methods of reproduction * The main process of asexual reproduction is mitosis. This type of reproduction is common among some single-cell organisms, for example, amoeba. Many plants also reproduce asexually. + Carbon dioxide: Organic compounds :: Biochemistry :: Greenhouse gases :: Oxides * It is a gas at room temperature. It is made of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. People and animals release carbon dioxide when they breathe out. Plants use carbon dioxide to make food. This process is called photosynthesis. The properties of carbon dioxide were studied by the Scottish scientist Joseph Black in the 1750s. + Cellular automaton, Biology: Computer science :: Mathematics * Plants regulate their intake and loss of gases via a cellular automaton mechanism. Each stoma on the leaf acts as a cell. + Cotyledon: Botany * Plants use cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis. They use the sugars to keep true leaves growing. After a while, the cotyledons often die because the plant does not need them anymore. + Cultigen, Definition of cultigen * Some plants are used in gardens or parks. They are the same that those that occur in nature. + Defence against herbivory: Botany :: Co-evolution * Plants use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Many plants produce chemicals which change the behaviour, growth, or survival of herbivores. These chemical defences can act as repellents or toxins to herbivores, or reduce plant digestibility. Some plants encourage the presence of natural enemies of herbivores, which in turn protect the plant. * Plants can and do react to damage. Boyd, Jade 2012 - predators: Co-evolution :: Ecology * Not surprisingly, then, animals have developed a wide range of defences against predation. Oxford University Press. Many plants have some defence against herbivores + Drink: * A 'drink' is a liquid that you can take into your body, by using your mouth. Typical drinks for humans include water, tea, milk, coffee, juice, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks. All drinks are mainly water. All life needs water to live. Plants take in water through their roots, which are found underground. Most animals get water by drinking. To 'drink' means to take a drink into your body. + Eating: Food and drink * Eating' is taking in food to get energy and nutrients. People and animals need to 'eat' because they cannot make their own food inside their bodies like plants. All plants' energy comes from the sun. Plants take the sun's energy, and they are eaten by other animals as food. The animals then eat each other for the energy. + Evergreen * An 'evergreen plant' is a plant that keeps its leaves over the winter. Most plants lose their leaves in autumn. + Frugivore, Plant and frugivore relationship: Animals * The fruit is part of a plant's sexual reproduction cycle. Plants spend a lot of energy and nutrients in creating fruit. Fruit is produced to attract animals into eating the fruit. The animal digests the pulp but not the seeds, ensuring the plant's genes are spread wherever the animal goes. Seeds can also be germinated by falling near the mother plant. + Gene duplication, Evolutionary importance * Major genome duplication events are not uncommon. It is believed that the entire yeast genome underwent duplication about 100 million years ago. Plants are the most prolific genome duplicators. + Guard cell: Plant anatomy :: Cells * Guard cell's are types of cells that surrounds stomates in plants. Plants lose water through stomates. Guard cells are able to open and close the stomates to save water. Guard cells are activated by sunlight. When water follows, the cells get hard and they push open. At night, guard cells lose water and close again. + Habitat, Plant habitats: Ecosystems * Just as animals adapt to the places they live, so do plants. Plants are adapted to a wide variety of habitats. As a result, each plant has certain characteristics. Some are adapted to living on land while others live in water. Plants that grow on land usually have stiff stems to hold them upright, while water plants tend to have less rigid stems because the water supports them. + Inbreeding, Discussion: Classical genetics * Many plant species self-fertilise in the wild, but the great majority have occasional outcrossing. This provides them with sufficient variety for their survival. + List of plants by common name * Most plants have several country names, and country names often refer to several distinct plants. This list includes garden plants as well as weeds - professional wrestling terms, P: Sports lists * Plants are a good tool for a heel wrestler to gain heat from the crowd. Alternatively, to get over, some heels may do such actions as grab a fan's hat and throw it away + Mixed cropping: Agriculture * Mixed cropping is not the same as crop rotation. In crop rotation you plant different crops in the same field in different years. Some plants add nitrogen to the soil, some take it out. If you would plant the same crop year after year, you wear out your soil. + Nectar: Flowers :: Fruits * It is very sweet because it has a lot of sugar in it. Plants make nectar to attract pollinating animals. It is made in glands called nectaries. The Nectaries are usually at the bottom of the perianth. This means the animal trying to get the nectar have to touch the parts of the plant that are used for reproduction. By doing this, the animal getting the nectar helps the plants reproduce. Some plants make nectar outside the flower. * Plants make nectar to attract pollinating animals. It is made in glands called nectaries. The Nectaries are usually at the bottom of the perianth. This means the animal trying to get the nectar have to touch the parts of the plant that are used for reproduction. By doing this, the animal getting the nectar helps the plants reproduce. Some plants make nectar outside the flower. These plants do it to attract predatory insects. These insects will eat both the nectar and any plant-eating insects found near the plant. + Oddanchatram: Cities in Tamil Nadu * It is known as the vegetable city of Tamil Nadu. Plants grown here are maize, tomato, chilli, cauliflower, beans and other vegetables. The vegetables are exported to nearby states. Also it is famous for its vegetable and curd market, which can sell up to 5,000 tons of produce a day. + Perennial: Types of plants * A 'perennial' is a plant that bears leaves and perhaps flowers every year. Some plants only bear leaves and flowers once, then they die. Such plants are called 'annual'. Other plants live for two years. They are called 'biennial'. + Photocatalysis, Research and Uses: Chemistry * An example of organometallic research is mimicking photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to make sugar for food. Plants use only carbon dioxide gas from the air, water and sunlight. Plants actually have an organometallic molecule containing Mn that helps them perform this reaction. Scientists hope to make an organometallic molecule that can make organic products like fuels using only carbon dioxide, water and light. If this process could be harnessed it could dramatically reduce pollution, because the carbon you make your fuel with is the carbon dioxide from the air. + Phytoremediation: Conservation :: Sustainable technologies :: Environmental technology * A type of this is 'phytomining', which is a method of extraction. Some plants absorb copper compounds through their roots. They concentrate these compounds as a result of this. The plants can be burned to produce an ash that contains the copper compounds. + Plant, Roots * The roots of plants perform two main functions. First, they anchor the plant to the ground. Second, they absorb water and various nutrients dissolved in water from the soil. Plants use the water to make food. The water also provides the plant with support. Plants that lack water become very limp and their stems cannot support their leaves. Plants which specialise in desert areas are called xerophytes or phreatophytes, depending on the type of root growth. * Plants are grouped into floras based on region, period, special environment, or climate. Regions can be geographically distinct habitats like mountain vs. flatland. Floras can mean plant life of an historic era as in 'fossil flora'. * There are many different kinds of seeds. Some plants make a lot of seeds, some make only a few. Seeds are often hard and very small, but some are larger. The coconut is as big as a child's head, but it contains more than just a seed. When the seed is ready to develop, it needs water, air and warmth 'but not sunlight' to become a seedling. + Pollen: Flowers :: Plant anatomy * The pollen grains are actually haploid male gametophytes. This is to do with alternation of generations. All plants go through a cycle with a haploid gametophyte alternating with a diploid sporophyte. In the case of flowering plants the gametophyte stage is very small and brief. + Rainforest, Plants and animals * There are thousands of different kinds of orchids in the rainforest. Some air plants store water in pools in and around their roots. These pools can become homes for frogs and salamanders. Frogs usually need to lay their eggs in ponds, but some rainforest tree frogs lay their eggs in the pools in air plants. That way, the frogs never have to go down to the ground. Some plants are made for medicine for humans. + Respiration: Metabolism :: Cellular respiration + South Africa, Geography, Plants and wildlife: English-speaking countries * The most common biome in South Africa is the grassland, mostly on the Highveld. This is where grasses, low shrubs, and acacia trees, mostly camel-thorn and whitethorn are more common then plants. Plants become even more less common towards the northwest. This is because of low rainfall. There are many species of water-storing plants like aloes and euphorbias in the very hot and dry Namaqualand area. The grass and thorn savanna turns slowly into a bush savanna towards the north-east of the country, with more thick growth. + Starch: Carbohydrates :: Nutrition * Starch' is a complex carbohydrate. Pasta, potatoes, and other starchy foods are made out of carbohydrates. It is made of lots of sugars. Plants use it to keep energy. * Most plants grow in the ground, with stems above, and roots below. Water and some nutrients come from the roots. The evaporation of water from pores in the leaves pulls water through the plant. This is called transpiration. + Sun, In Astronomy: Stars :: Solar System * Almost all life on Earth depends on the light energy that comes from our Sun. Plants use solar energy as food so they can grow. This process is called photosynthesis, the green in the plant leaves is a pigment which is called chlorophyll. + Tree * Trees and shrubs take in water and carbon dioxide and give out oxygen with sunlight to form sugars. This is the opposite of what animals do in respiration. Plants also do some respiration using oxygen the way animals do. They need oxygen as well as carbon dioxide to live. + Tundra: Geography :: Biomes * The tundra ground is a barren place, often covered with rocks. Most water on the tundra is frozen within the soil. The permanent frozen soil is called permafrost. Permafrost and fierce winds prevent large trees from growing deep roots. Plants in the tundra are small and grow close to the ground. Plants called cushions grow in tight clumps in the tundra, but lichens are the dominant plants. Lichens cover the rocks. The few trees that do grow on the tundra are dwarf willows and birch. + Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, Ecology, Flora: National parks in Australia :: Protected areas of the Northern Territory :: Pitjantjatjara * The desert flora has adapted to the harsh conditions. The growth and reproduction of plant communities rely on irregular rainfall. Some plants are able to survive fire and some are dependent on it to reproduce. Plants are an important part of 'tjukurpa', and there are ceremonies for each of the major plant foods. Many plants are associated with ancestral beings. Collection of plant foods remains a culturally important activity, reinforcing traditional links with country and 'tjukurpa'. + Virus, Replication cycle: Viruses * This is often called viral entry. The infection of plant and fungal cells is different from that of animal cells. Plants have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, and fungi one of chitin. The damage done to cell walls would let the virus get in. Bacteria, like plants, have strong cell walls that a virus must breach to infect the cell. + Weed * Some plants are very hard to stop once they start growing. These are called invasive weeds.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Plant compound * play important roles * undergo couple reaction ### plant feeders: Homopteran * All homopterans are plant feeders. * produce honeydew, waste secretions from phloem feeding.<\|endoftext\|>Plant food * All plant foods have phenolics and some forms are soluble. * Many plant foods are also rich in vitamin C, which enhances iron absorption - good sources of calcium * Many plant foods are high in folate, a B vitamin that is beneficial to the heart - folate, a B vitamin that is good for the heart - much higher in calcium than milk * Many plant foods contain calcium - natural toxins * Most plant food comes from environments. * Most plant food contains carbohydrates - cholesterol - compounds - has fiber - improves health * Most plant food includes carbohydrate cellulose - grain * Most plant food provides energy - minerals * Most plant foods are a good source of insoluble fiber - naturally free from saturated fat * Most plant foods contain both types * Most plant foods contain some of each kind - protein - varying amounts of both types - have a combination of both * Some plant food includes berries - cherries - raspberries - seeds - tubers - whole berries - is also good from time to time - makes up bulk - foods are high in protein * are a great source of vitamins, minerals and fiber - powerful help in fighting heart disease - essential to animal life and form the bulk of most human diets - far more energy efficient than animal products - low in fat, high in fiber, and loaded with protective cancer-fighting nutrients - naturally low in fat - poor sources of EFAs * are rich in folic acid which reduces homocysteine levels - sources of antioxidant vitamins and minerals that counteract oxidation * are the major dietary sources of selenium in most countries throughout the world - only source of dietary fiber * becomes necessity. * consumed by otters include leaves, roots and algae. * contain both simple and complex carbohydrates in various amounts - fibers, a variety of non-digestible complex carbohydrates - high amounts of fibre, are primarily low in fat and have no cholesterol * containing both calcium and magnesium for absorption are particularly good. * eaten include wild fruit, nuts, berries, edible leaves and plant roots. * forms diets. * good source of protein. * have favorable fatty acid compositions and are naturally low in fat - great nutritional qualities * helps post-emerge chemicals work better. * includes all types of fruits, berries, nuts, acorns, corn and other type of grain - seeds from bayberry, sweet gum, poison ivy, sumac, and other weeds * is abundant, and game scarce and unpredictable. * makes flowers live longer. * manufactured by the palm is stored in the trunks. - enough energy * tend to be lower in zinc concentrations than animal foods. * use fewer natural resources from the environment * vary from fruits to nuts, including wild grapes, cherries, apples, berries, and acorns. Plant matter * is consumed in late summer to fall when insect larvae are scarce - preserved best in an acidic environment, like in a peat bog - released into freshwater biomes from a wetland biome - the most common construction material for nests * serves as the food basis for the rest of the animal kingdom.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Anther * Most anthers contain grain - pollen grain - emerge from flowers - have slits or pores on the sides to accommodate pollen release * Some anthers are part of blossoms - buds - catkins - florets - stamens * Some anthers attract insect pollinators * Some anthers produce mixture - pollen mixture - shed pollen * are large and orange with a moderate amount of pollen - opposite the sepals and alternating with the petals - orange with fair quantity and quality of pollen * are orange yellow and pollen is medium in abundance but of poor quality - medium to abundant - part of stamens - prominent and vary in color * are the baglike part of the stamen in which pollen is produced - male parental tissue in which pollen grains are formed * bearing pollen are on the outside. * burst and release pollen, aided by gas bubbles that accumulate inside the anther sac. * close up much more quickly than petals on the approach of danger. * dehisce longitudinally. * includes sections. * make the pollen. * plant part. * produce pollen grains, which contain sperm cells. * reproductive structure * sessile in the concave tips of the perianth segments. * shed pollen the second day. * usually open promptly after emerging from beneath the tepals. Antheridium * encloses sperms or antherozoids. * produces sperm, archegonium produces egg. Archegonium * Most archegoniums have mouths. * Some archegoniums grow into embryos - multicellular embryos * Some archegoniums have cavities - hollow tubes - slender tubes - surfaces * contains an egg or oosphere. Basidiocarp * Most basidiocarps produce spores. * Some basidiocarps are part of mushrooms - toadstools * appear in late summer or early fall and persist for only two to three weeks. * are rubbery and difficult to tear. * fruiting body * includes sections. * plant part.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Blossom * Many blossoms add color, and provide nectar for butterflies and other insects. * Most blossoms appear on peanut plants - pepper plants * Most blossoms bear cucumber fruit * Most blossoms consist of petal petals - contain compounds - go over quickly when temperatures soar - have aroma * Most blossoms have bright petals - yellow petals - grape aroma - intense aroma - yellowish petals - remain on plants * Most blossoms resemble flowers - magnolia flowers * Some blossoms are part of anemones - angiosperms - bluebottles - carnation - daisies - dicotyledons - helianthuses - marigolds - monocots - orchids - poppies - snapdragons - snowdrops - sunflowers - vanillas - wildflowers - develop into fruit - drop without setting fruit * Some blossoms have female organs - flavor - spots - precede leaves - produce honey - turn into seeds * Stimulates the production of new skin cells. * also close at night. * appear during the summer months and turn into glossy, black, inedible berries - in shades of pink, salmon, white, burgundy or orange * are a wondrous combination of apricot, salmon, and orange - abundant over a long season and slightly fragrant - also deformed * are deep blue that stand stately several inches above the water's surface - rose to violet or sometimes white in color * are edible and good for tea - taste similar to a radish - excellent sources of nectar from which bees make honey - frost hardy - fully double and globular in form - good in salads or use the syrup for an exotic flavored lemonade - often the best part of the plant, containing most of the essential oils - ruffled, foliage is glossy and disease resistant, and bushes are extremely hardy - used as a yellow dye for fabric and food in China and Japan - very fragrant and flowers come in a wide range of colors - white or pink and shaped like a funnel * attract bees and other stinging insects. * bloom in late springs * burst into color. * can be pure white to ivory, gold, orange, to yellow and peach. * come about because of a series of conditions that lead up to their blooming - out in spring at the same time that the leaves begin to bud * dry easily for winter bouquets. * first become water-soaked, then wilt, and finally turn brown. * get brighter as the season comes in. * have a citrus taste and can be used to perk up vegetables, pasta, and salads - semi-double form and are produced in clusters - sweet, spicy flavor similar to watercress - appearances * includes anthers - carpels - leaf shapes - ovaries - perianths - placentas * normally float on the water surface. * occur in early summer and occasionally continue until fall. * open gradually as the inflorescence expands, offering many weeks of bloom. * protrude like miniature sunflowers. * repeat throughout the summer until frost. * specializes in flowers and flower arrangements for all occasions. * strain forward from the earth in the colors of life. * taste like watercress with a slightly sweet flavor. * turn brown and die back along their stem. + Apple, Botanical information: Rosaceae * The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals. It has a sharp top with a soft underside. Blossoms come out in spring at the same time that the leaves begin to bud. The flowers are white. They also have a slightly pink color. The fruit matures in autumn. There are five carpels arranged in a star in the middle of the fruit. Every carpel has one to three seeds. ### plant part \| blossom: Apple blossom * Most apple blossoms are pink when they open but gradually fade to white. * Some apple blossoms are white, but the majority of apple blossoms have stripes or tints of rose. * have pink and white petals and green leaves * is aligned to the heart chakra - the state flower of Michigan	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| blossom: Bud * Most buds absorb nutrients - are also killed, so little new growth is produced on infested branches - become flowers - come from trees - contain flowers - fall from plants * Most buds grow beautiful flowers * Most buds grow into leaves - potato plants - shoots - on stems - have texture - make plants * Most buds produce blossoms - inflorescences - vegetative shoots - promote growth - sprout from roots - still retain their light or dark red color * S Collect smaller marginal frond buds from greenhouse plants. * Some buds appear on asiatic lilies - are sharp and hard to the touch - become plants - contain proteins * Some buds develop into flowers - form both flowers and branches * Some buds grow buds - into fronds * Some buds have dominance - meristems - moisture - look like tiny stalks * Some buds produce growth - hormones - rhizomes - stolons - various hormones * Some buds resemble dark green fronds - survive unfavorable conditions * also form in the axils of the leaves ready to produce new side shoots. * appear as irregularly shaped vegetative masses found at the tip of stems and branches - in fall * appear on the trees and birds begin to build their nests - very young plants, flowers open a pretty shade of violet * are a way to externally protect the precious growing points from damage - capable of growing into branches - classified by their location on the stem - dark, quite small, and have several scales - embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state - formed in the marginal basal part of sponge - globe-shaped, clustered around the tip of the branch - imbricate with many scales - immature branches, miniature leaves, or flowers, usually with a protective covering - long and pointed, showing light apricot color - long, lance-shaped, with numerous brown scales - often divergent from the twig - ovoid to almost round and covered with hairs - pink as the four sepals are pink and are lost when the flower blooms - present only at the crown or stem end of the root * are small and ovoid or conical in outline - triangular shaped - viscid - there if they sit around long enough - undeveloped shoots and flowers - usually of two distinct sizes and are somewhat angled * arise from the crown when conditions are favorable and develop into edible spears. * begin to break, and tiny green leaves unfurl from their winter rest. * break out on tender twigs. * consist of a cluster of very small rusty-pubescent leaves. * develop a protective coating as lower temperatures herald the winter season - at the base of the stem and then grow into new plants * die and plants are stunted. * dropping off usually indicate rapidly fluctuating temperatures. * enable pinch and shortleaf pines to recover from injury. * fail to open and often droop. * form at the base of leaf stems. * form in clusters of three - the notches of the fertile fronds and produce new plantlets * give rise to leaves, flowers, or both - new shoots, each developing to maturity and flowering - bigger, smelling sweet, bees and birds come round to eat * have few scales - overlapping scales - similar taste - the potential to develop into flowers, leaves, roots, or other stems or branches - sections - stamens * linger before becoming leaves and flowers. * occupy a lateral or terminal position on the stem. * occur at the base of the leaf petiole and, like the leaves, normally occur in whorls of two. * only appear on two or three year-old twigs or spurs which are no thicker than a pencil. * originate at the junction of the stalk and gastric regions. * rapidly drop from plants without signs of fungal infection. * reach the size of small peas but fail to develop further. * remain reddish all winter and open into rosy cerise flowers in great abundance. * respond obediently after the fall. * rot or open to distorted, brown-flecked flowers. * shield and hide new growth and flowers. * swell and burst, small flowers push up and then the bigger ones jump up. * tend to ball and fail to open if they are rained on or if the morning dew is too heavy. * turn brown and decay - or black and fail to open, or flowers are brown-spotted, watery, and matted - brown, shrivel, and die or produce yellowish leaves - dark and drop off * wrap up the keys to trees' survival.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| blossom \| bud: Axillary bud * are buds on branches, and apical buds are buds on the main stem - located in the upper angles of leaves * can grow to form lateral shoots called branches. * grow when an apical bud has developed leaves. * is the growth point that occurs above each leaf. * make the plant grow short and bushy or they can form flowers. * stimulate the growth of apical buds. Dormant bud * Most dormant buds produce shoots. * are at the bases of all leaves - more susceptible to freezing than wood * contain all the genetic information to grow a new tree. * produce new shoots in the spring Ear bud * do a great job at eliminating surrounding noises. * have no cuffs that surround the ear, and no headband. Epicormic bud * are dormant buds beneath a tree's bark. * sprout a new crop of leaves.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| blossom \| bud: Flower bud * Some flower buds look like broccoli stalks - tiny stalks * abort and drop off just before they open. * appear in the growing tip of the plant - soon after leaves on current season's growth * are a favorite feeding site of thrips - also tasty when boiled - blasted and fall before opening - clustered at the tips of broccoli stems - coral - edible and make a colorful addition to salads - formed in the year previous to flowering and are enclosed in the winter bud - globose and stalked, and leaf buds are elongated and nearly sessile - highly aromatic, greenish to pink clustered at the end of the branch - less hardy than the leaf buds - light green - like little Japanese lanterns - long, narrow, and scrolled, and beautiful in their own right - made up of a short stem with embryonic flower parts - much larger than the leaf buds - often misshapen, and bulb scales are shrunken * are pink opening to a white flower - white and often appear prior to the emergence of the foliage - set for all spring blooming plants now - some of the least cold-hardy parts of the tree - unexpanded blossoms * are usually larger and rounder than leaf buds - plumper than leaf buds and on the terminal ends of branches * can grow out of the stem when the stalk is cut. * come in three's. * develop the year prior to actual flowering and fruit production. * die without opening. * form on plant runners as they begin to climb a trellis. * have thick, fleshy scales and solid centers. * make a fine addition to herb butter. * produce blossoms. * rise above the leaves. * start to form in about six weeks. * turn brown and die before they open. * winterkill in cold winters. Infected bud * are more sensitive to cold temperature injury than healthy buds. * turn dark brown to black and die. Lateral bud * Most lateral buds become flowers - grow into plants - promote growth * Some lateral buds grow into new branches. * Some lateral buds produce plants - rhizomes * are on the sides of a stem. * form in the upper angles where the leaf is attached to the stem. * give rise to lateral shoots. * grow farther back along the stem, at places called nodes. * grow into new rhizomes - out to form new rhizomes Limb bud * appear early and develop continuously through embryonic life. * are present, and eyes, ears, and a nose appear. * start out clear and turn pale blue, pink, and then bright red - to develop Terminal bud * Most terminal buds grow into shoots. * Most terminal buds produce leaves * Some terminal buds produce hormones - various hormones * die, distortion and necrosis of young leaves. * have special tissue, called apical meristem , cells that can divide indefinitely. * is the growth point at the end of the stem that adds to the stem's lengths. * produce a hormone that inhibits the growth of the axillary buds Vegetative bud * Most vegetative buds grow into plants. * are numerous on the crown and primary and secondary roots.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| blossom \| bud: Winter bud * are naked, valvate, or imbricate - short, pointed, red, and pubescent * are small and hidden - imbricate with three outer scales - very minute, hidden, and superposed * have few scales.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| blossom: Catkin * Most catkins produce fruit - small fruit * Some catkins contain female flowers - provide food * are compact, drooping clusters of tiny flowers - inflorescences - the oaks' flowering parts * bearing only staminate florets make up the bulk of the inflorescence. * become aromatic in late summer and are then harvested. * form in late winter, nuts in summer. * have almost no petals, so the pollen sacs on the anthers are exposed to the wind. * includes anthers - carpels - leaf shapes - ovaries - perianths - placentas - sections - stamens * is an inflorescence * look like cocoons, but are really the flowers of the aspen tree. ### plant part \| blossom \| catkin: Female catkin * appear in the spring before the leaves are fully expanded. * are much shorter, erect and woody, and occur on branching side twigs. * form in the spring. * have few flowers, while the male catkins are larger and many-flowered. Female blossom * are easy to detect because they have tiny pumpkins at their base - spot, because they have tiny pumpkins at their base * resemble beads on a string.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| blossom: Floret * All florets are fertile and develop normal kernels. * Most florets are pollinated before anthers are extruded - contain particles - have stamens * Some florets become seeds - can remain attached to spikes long after plants turn brown - contain stamens - have pistils - produce seeds * are awnless, or with short straight awns - carinate and lacking a germination flap - most susceptible to infection just before anthesis * become infected at flowering, and the fungus kills individual spikelets or the entire head. * grow together in small groups called spikelets, which collectively form inflorescences. - carpels - leaf shapes ### plant part \| blossom \| floret: Ray floret * Some ray florets have pistils. * form outer part of the flower and they look like typical petals. Infected blossom * abscise prematurely without setting seed. * appear water-soaked and wilt rapidly before turning dark brown. * become water-soaked and darker green as bacteria invade new tissues - turn dark green or brown * serve as a source of the fungus for future fruit infections. Orange blossom * Some orange blossoms produce honey. * are often part of the decoration on a wedding cake. * is of the crown chakra. + Orange (fruit), Traditions: Citrus * Brides traditionally wear orange blossoms in their hair or carry them in their bouquet at their wedding. Orange blossoms are often part of the decoration on a wedding cake. Peach blossom * are carried by Chinese brides - from small to medium-sized + Peach, Description: Prunus :: Rosaceae :: Fruits * Peach blossoms are from small to medium-sized. Its leaves are green and pointy. They usually have glands that make a liquid to attract insects - Symbolism * In Chinese culture, the peach tree is considered to be the tree of life and peaches are symbols of immortality. Peach blossoms are carried by Chinese brides<\|endoftext\|>### plant part: Endosperm * characteristic food storage tissue in monocotyledon seeds. * is initially free nuclear but eventually becomes entirely cellular - present in the seeds - specialised storage tissue providing nutrients for the embryo when the seed germinates - the most important plant product on Earth for humans - used by the zygote * nutritive tissue meant for the development of the embryo. * provides food to the growing embryo - nourishment for the embryo * refers to a seed's nutritive tissue, surrounding and absorbed by the embryo. * thus has an important role within the human diet worldwide. * varies between species.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Flower * All flowers share common parts for reproduction. * Every flower soul blossoming out to nature - symbol of peace * Learn how to plant and grow flowers. * Make someone feel loved. * Many flowers are arranged on a branch in a special way - colourful and their scent attracts some animals - edible also - pollinated by the wind - contain both male and female organs - daffodil bulbs combine female and rich, whether couple blow they - depend upon the wind to scatter pollen - have a symmetry * Many flowers have both male and female organs and are called perfect flowers - female reproductive components - close relationships with one or a few specific pollinating organisms - colors in the ultraviolet spectrum that only insects can see - complicated ways of providing access to pollen and nectar - different symbolic meanings - important symbolic meanings in Western culture - phytotoxic reaction to the methyl bromide fumigation - shapes that lend themselves to pollination by a very few types of animals - structures resembling nectaries suggesting close association with insects - produce a sugary liquid called that helps attract pollinators - protect their pollen by closing, and bloodroot is no exception - provide a good source of nectar to attract the adults - rely on simple proximity between flower parts to ensure pollination - reproduce by making seeds to ensure the continuation of their species * Many flowers require a visiting insect to transfer the pollen needed to fertilize and set seed - cross-pollination - specific seasonal day lengths to initiate flowering - show adaptations for insect pollination, bearing numerous white or yellow petals * Most flower stems bear flowers. * Most flowers absorb sunlight - water best if cuts are made between nodes or joints - add color - appear during springs * Most flowers appear in early springs - late springs * Most flowers appear on plants - potato plants - pumpkin plants - weed plants * Most flowers are bisporangiate - fertilized by pollen - functionally male with a few hermaphrodites and are mainly bee-pollinated - harvested in autumn * Most flowers are pollinated by bees - produced by trees - arise from roots * Most flowers attract ants - birds - blowflies - butterflies - creatures - different pollinators - honeybees - hummingbirds - insect bees - numerous insects - other insects - small birds * Most flowers attract various insects - wasps * Most flowers bear pollen - viable pollen - begin pollination * Most flowers bloom in early springs * Most flowers bloom in late springs - months - seasons - summer months - the sun and close at night - time - wet seasons - carry pollen * Most flowers come from buds - strawberry buds * Most flowers come in color - different color - many different color * Most flowers consist of buds - four series of parts - numerous florets - reflex petals - white petals * Most flowers contain female organs - reproductive organs - sepals - sex organs - simple pistils - stigma - tiny petals - depend on bees * Most flowers develop from axils * Most flowers develop into fruit - vegetable fruit - shoots - do poorly in heavy clay, due to lack of oxygen to their roots * Most flowers emerge in late springs - feed beetles - float on surfaces - get pollen * Most flowers grow fleshy roots - foliage * Most flowers grow from foliage * Most flowers grow in areas - disturb areas - grassy areas - layers - many places - shady areas - on stems * Most flowers have a white eye * Most flowers have basic color patterns - beautiful blossoms - bitter taste - blue petals - both male and female reproductive parts - coconut scent - distinctive smell - dull color * Most flowers have female organs - five or fewer petals - flavour - floral organs - green stems - identities - lantern shapes - large outer petals - life - lower petals * Most flowers have male and female parts - many different structures - mechanisms to ensure cross-pollination - narrow petals - numerous stamens - odor - orange color - pigment - pink petals - pollen pistils * Most flowers have red petals - round petals - same color - showy petals - single pistils - slight scent - strong scent - style - subtle smell * Most flowers have sweet aroma * Most flowers have thin leaves - stalks - toxic pollen - tubular shapes * Most flowers have unpleasant odor - velvety surfaces * Most flowers have yellow petals * Most flowers help grow plants * Most flowers look like flowers * Most flowers make pollen - occur on plants - plant in containers * Most flowers possess leaves * Most flowers produce blossoms - brown oval seeds - capsules - different scent - fiber - nectar just to attract pollinators - nutrients - oblong seeds - ripe seeds - seed capsules - sugary nectar - sweet smell - tasty seeds * Most flowers protect buds - flower buds * Most flowers provide nectar * Most flowers range in color - size - reach height - release pollen - require pollinators * Most flowers resemble flowers - orchids * Most flowers secrete enzymes - nectar , a sugary, scented liquid to help attract insects to the flower * Most flowers shed petals * Most flowers show color - intense color - sprout from seeds * Most flowers surround flowers * Most flowers survive climates - cold climates - take up water * Most flowers undergo reproduction - sexual reproduction - vary in color * Most flowers yield pollen * Some flowers also attract insect visitors with fragrances - fluoress under UV light allowing insects to locate nectar reservoirs * Some flowers appear on lilacs - vines * Some flowers are annuals, some are prennial - dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species - easier to preserve than others, such as roses, orchids, lilies and irises - heliotropic, facing the sun as it moves for increased heat - more sensitive than others - much more eatable than others * Some flowers are part of anemones - angiosperms - carnation - daisies - dicotyledons - helianthuses - marigolds - monocots - poppies - snapdragons - snowdrops - sunflowers - vanillas - wildflowers * Some flowers are pollinated by bats, fish, etc - birds, such as hummingbirds, or even bats such as the fruit bat - moths - produced all alone, while others are produced in clusters called inflorescences - self-pollinating - very useful for regenerating the life force * Some flowers attract bats - herbivores - other such predators - sorts - with scent, some with color * Some flowers bloom in autumn - early autumn - late winter - the spring while others bloom in the summer - well in full light, others in the shade - can produce both male and female gametes - cause death * Some flowers consist of seeds * Some flowers contain chemicals - female ovaries * Some flowers contain more nectar thereby increasing their attractiveness to butterflies - nectar, and are more attractive to butterflies - ovules - ray florets - single ovules * Some flowers depend largely on small birds for pol- hnation and show corresponding adaptations - on the wind to take the pollen from one flower to another flower - develop a pink or purple tinge as they age * Some flowers develop into bananas - cones - tiny seeds * Some flowers form catkins - silvery catkins - tubes * Some flowers grow best in the fall - extremely quickly, such as foxglove or delphinium, while others grow more slowly * Some flowers grow from axils - leaf axils * Some flowers grow from upper axils * Some flowers grow in clusters, some bloom alone - mass - pockets - pools - tops - into berries * Some flowers grow on bushes * Some flowers have a heavier aroma, and a higher yield of essential oil, at sunset - both female and male reproductive organs, and are identified as perfect flowers - bright colors - color-intensive stamens - delicate flavor - different fields - disks - electric fields - floral flavor - green sepals - instinct * Some flowers have many distinct characteristics - pistils that are partially or wholly fused * Some flowers have mild flavor - onion flavor - only male parts, and some have only female parts - patterns, called nectar guides , that show pollinators where to look for nectar - petals that make dihedral groups - potent odors to attract beetles and flies - rays - religious importance - sepals and petals that look the same - spines - ultraviolet markings that can only be seen by insects * Some flowers hold liquids - sugary liquids * Some flowers lack one or the other reproductive organ and called imperfect or unisexual - lend themselves to pressing more than others * Some flowers live for a whole season while others live a week - many years - several years * Some flowers look like fingers - moth wings * Some flowers make covers called fruits * Some flowers occur on sporophytes - only live a short amount of time - pollinate by insects while others pollinate by wind - possess anthers - practically dry on the plant, such as hydrangeas - prefer shadow to sunshine * Some flowers produce beans - blackberries - fluid - grain - mangrove trees - pollen grain - raspberries - vanilla beans * Some flowers produce young mangrove trees - protect flowers * Some flowers provide a nutritional boost as well as flavor - rely of the wind to carry pollen grains others rely on insects - require special attention prior to conditioning * Some flowers resemble claws - mouths - open mouths - stand in clover * Some flowers survive for many years - icy winter * Some flowers turn into edible fruit - weeds * Some flowers use the wind to carry pollen - wind for pollination * abound every month of the year. * act as attractants to much of the animal world, whether with beauty, odor, or food. * actually use a form of sexual reproduction. * add color to xeriscape yards and Gardens - energy to a home with their colors and shapes * advertise themselves by either scent or display. * affect our lives in numerous ways. * also assist the pollinator in finding where the pollen or nectar is stored - attract pollinators by scent and color * also have a female part called the pistil - special place in feng shui design - good edibility and the young shoots can be peeled and cooked like asparagus - occur in a wide array of colors, sizes and types - play a leading role in the Lunar New Year tradition - vary in texture, as does foliage * always adapt to their pollinators. * appear after melting of snow. - from autumn to spring and are frequented by honey-eating birds * appear in late springs - the earth - to melt or fuse together - with incredible frequency on gravestones, and they are widely planted in cemeteries * are Colombia's third largest export. * are a distinctive way of expressing personal warmth and feelings - gift brought by men to wives to accompany a weak alibi - good source of forage for bees * are a good source of nectar for bees and bats - for honey-producing bees - great source of energy for foraging predators and parasites - growing trend in home decor * are a major source of food for many insects which feed on pollen or nectar - part lift from birth to death and everything in between - plant's reproductive organs * are a plant's way of attracting attention to itself - making itself attractive to animal pollinators - reflection of beauty and love - source of yellow dye - abundant with nine different plant communities, including mosses and orchids * are actually reproductive structures - worms with tubes among the reef growth - alive even when excised from the mother plant * are also a big business worldwide - source of liquor which is compared to Ambrosia or nectar of the god - an important export item - where fertilization takes place - always given in odd numbers, even numbers and yellow are for death * are an ideal way to express emotions that are difficult to say - important part of a plant and are in fact one way they reproduce themselves - as attractive as they are good to eat * are attractive to bees and butterflies - birds and bees - bad in hospital rooms because they suck oxygen out of air - beautiful kinds of plants - beautiful, and so are the feelings of love among people - bird-pollinated in the wild - blooming and birds are singing as winter comes to an end - blooming, all birds sing - bright, colorful and delicate living beings - calming * are capable of blossoms - cast shadows - closes - opens - coloured specifically for their pollinators - dependent on the weather - different colors - dioecious, or have unisexual and bisexual flowers on the same plant - dry when petals feel papery - easy to move, change, or take out altogether * are edible and make a colourful addition to salads and desserts - the aromatic leaves can be used fresh or dried - garnishes - edible, and make a fragrant tea - edibles - extremely perishable and start to wilt as soon as they are removed from their stems - fakes - feminine - food for the soul - fragrant, attracting bees and other pollinators - hermaphrodite and are pollinated by insects - how plants produce seeds to reproduce - ice - images of love and nourishment * are in a wide range of colors - all stages of blooming, being pollinated, and involuting to form fruit - bloom and trees turn green - full bloom and trees are clothed with bright, fresh leaves - the height of bloom across the countryside - indispensable in ceremonial, customary and traditional rites - like the four letter L word * are located in anthologies - countrysides - flower gardens - lawns - parks - porchs - shelfs - state parks - tables - vases - weddings - windowsills - magazines - monoecious, fruit is an accessory type formed from an inferior ovary - more romantic when women are single * are most aromatic during the night or early morning - receptive to pollination during the morning hours - normally bisexual, though some species have single sex flowers - often white to reflect light and capture the maximum amount of the sun's energy - one way some plants reproduce * are part of a plant that produce fruits and seeds - bushs - plants and plants are living things - the sporophyte generation in angiosperms - perennials for the garden * are plant organs of reproduction - structures involved in sexual reproduction - plants' sexual organs - polygamous, or dioecious, in several-flowered racemes - present during the bloom time of the flowering dogwood - primarily concerned with sexual reproduction * are produced by shoot systems in specialized regions called inflorescences - producers, because they are plants, consumers are animals, like cats, dogs, and ants - receptive to pollination for a matter of hours on the day they open - reproduction centers for plants - rich source of vitamin C and have sweet taste - self as well as cross-pollinated as confirmed by various hand pollination experiments - self-fertile and pollinated by wind and insects - single or double, and come in almost all colors - solids - special for birthdays, anniversaries, and special occasions - still the heart and soul of perfumery - subject to the whims of nature - sunshine, food and medicine to the soul * are the main reproductive organ of the plant - major greenhouse crops * are the most natural and the most intense incarnation of color - recent evolutionary advantage for plants - simple and natural ornaments a young lady can wear - sophisticated and delicate form of plant reproduction - part of plants that make seeds which in turn make new plants - plant's reproductive structures - primary structures used in grouping plant families * are the reproductive organs of a plant - most familiar plants - the angiosperms * are the reproductive part of most plants - shoots of the angiosperm sporophyte * are the reproductive structures of a flowering plant - sex organs of certain plants and hold the male and female gamete producing systems - sexual organs of flowering plants, usually containing both male and female parts * are the source of many perfumes - nectar for a preferred honey * are the tools that plants use to make their seeds - to produce seeds - themselves like works of art possessing line, form, color, texture, pattern and design - time periods - tubular and bird pollinated, attracting nectar-feeding birds, especially sunbirds - upright on stem and plants bloom at an early age - used by plants for sexual reproduction - useful in soothing skin irritations - usually bisexual and have no petals but have sepals that mimic petals * are very popular in Russia - sensitive instruments for measuring and expressing emotions - what they like to eat especially roses because they want to be sweet - where sexual reproduction occurs in angiosperms - words which even a baby can understand * aren t the only part of the plant that is used. * attacked by the potato leafhopper include dahlia, rose, and sunflower. * attract animal pollinators carrying pollen from other plants of the same species - animals through bright colors or by aroma * attract bees and many insects on leaves - by their fragrant aroma, by their bright colors, and by their sweet taste - bees, butterflies and moths - butterflies and vary in size and color - every species of stinging insects - honeybees to pollinate fruit and butterflies to add beauty - hummingbirds and butterflies - immediate attention - insects, which pollinate flowers - lots of bees - pollinators, and fruits are eaten by animals, which help disperse the seeds * become brittle, colors darken and flowers are fragile. * bloom almost year round supporting a variety of beneficial insect life. * bloom and are pollinated underwater, often producing seeds in great quantities - they fade - at different times depending on climate and other conditions - everywhere year-round - first in the woodlands because they get an early start * bloom in a wide range of colors, including white, purple, yellow, blue, green, pink and red - boxes and in fields - dense clusters on top of dwarf plants - praiase of all creation, wither and die - profusion in spring against a background of leftover snow - on stalks called scapes - slowly or quickly * bloom, adding splashes of color to bright green meadows - crops become bountiful, all female beings become fertile - the trees have new leaves and baby animals are born * blossom and fall - year round in a riot of color * break through the snow every spring. * can age to pinks and wines before finally turning brown. * can be all different colors - as simple as cutting circles out of colored construction paper * can be single, double or semidouble and come in all colors, even near-black - semi-double or double in regard to number of petals - so dense they usually hide the leaf surface - white, pink, or blue and some even change from pink to blue - boost emotional health - breath without being damaged - form fruits containing seed - grow in the desert - hang down to better catch the wind * can have any size or shape or smell - either all male parts, all female parts, or a combination - one to many carpels - help weed control - last a lifetime * can last for days when picked and kept in water - months, days, or only hours - reflect many religious beliefs, including eternal life and rebirth * celebrate birth and marriage, and mourn death. * change to attract pollinators. * close at night and on cloudy days - open again in the morning - up at night * come in a multitude of colors ranging from yellow, red and pink to white or purple - range of colors, from white through pinks, corals, reds and lavender violets - wide range of bright colors * come in all shapes, colors and sizes - sizes and colors * come in many different color - shapes, sizes, colors, heights, weights, etc - forms and colours, but all have similar parts - so many different colours, shapes and sizes * contain female reproductive organs - structures that produce seeds - male reproductive organs and female reproductive organs - ovaries which surround and protect the seeds - phytosterols - pollen and tiny eggs called ovules * contain reproductive organs protected by specialized leaves - sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop * contain the plant's reproductive structures * contain the reproductive parts of flowering plants - the cotton plant - structures used in plant sexual reproduction * depend on bats for pollination - upon animals for pollination - tomato fruit - that contain both male and female reproductive organs * developing at higher temperatures develop faster and tend to have weaker stems. * die in days and balloons deflate. * differ greatly between plant species - in how much sunlight they absorb * emit fragrance for genetic reasons, specifically, to attract a pollinator. * enable pollen from one plant can fertilise ovules of another plant. * enrich the senses and purify the soul. * entice bees to collect pollen by having bright colourful patterns. * exist for every type of garden - in abundance partly because of their colors and fragrance * fall and weeds grow. * fill the air and grow under foot. * food maker that concentrates on the bakery segment. * function in sexual reproduction. * give off the gas after they are cut or as leaves decay - rise to fruit and seeds * go through growth stages or a life cycle, just like other plants do. * grow by seeds * grow from bulbs, seed, cuttings and roots - other places besides the Hawaiian islands - stages, they grow from a tiny seed to a beautiful blossomed flower * grow on stems - the weeds, and roses cover the thorns * grow out of dark moments - darkness - well when they have fertile soil * growing seasons have peaks and valleys. * harden, shed their petals. * has a light fruity fragrance and blooms at an early age * have a juice called nectar - long-term positive effect on moods - peculiar 'animal' smell which attracts a type of hover fly - pronounced fragrance at night - scent that some people find unpleasant - stronger aroma and bitterness than the leaves - zero tolerance for pests and pest damage - an immediate impact on happiness - attractive features - bright colors or a special scent to attract insects - deep roots in the human psyche - different bloom orientations and vary dramatically in height and color - elaborate specializations for animal dispersal of pollen - grassy taste - higher medicinal properties than leaves - large, flat, floating leaves with showy blossoms in a wide range of colors * have male organs - parts called stamens that produce a sticky powder called pollen * have many different structures - therapeutic uses and have been used for centuries as a healing aid - more than one petal, and the flower petals are collectively called the corolla - pale yellow stamens * have pleasant smell - purposes - reddish stamens - similar taste - smell odor * have special features - glands called nectaries that produce nectar - specific shapes, colors, and smells for a reason - terrible taste - their own colour, texture and smell - various parts which can be studied * help the plant produce new plants - plants in sexual reproduction - trees too, especially in cities * include foxgloves. * is are a spiritual exercise, whether the flowers are in the garden or in a vase - composed of six petals - reproductive structure of angiosperm - the reproductive part of a plant * kill bacteria,infused flower oil soothes wounds and earaches. * last a long time in warm climates. * lend elegance to beverages when floating in a punch bowl or frozen in ice cubes. * like to be maintained at a constant temperature, with cooler temperatures preferred. * live in grass - the same habitat as insects and birds - thistle flowers * maintain longer lasting color and shape, stems remain firm and leaves stay green. * make for scenes of beauty and color. * make people happy, proud and thoughtful - seeds to grow new plants * mimic bees for the purpose of survival. * need full sunlight * never fade or wilt - open completely, and bumblebees force their way in to pollinate * occur frequently in their art, with the blue lotus and papyrus being the most common * often become infected when blooming occurs during wet weather - bloom into pentagonal shapes - change color from the day they open until they finally fade and die - die at their brightest * only open in sun, close at night. * open at night to lure pollinators. * open in full sun and close up tight at night and when the weather is cloudy - late summer at a time when flowering garden plants are scarce - the morning and tend to close up at night - their blossoms to the gradually warming sunlight - organ for sexual reproduction in angiosperms * play an enormous part in the lives of the French people. * play an important role in sexual reproduction - the Indian way of life as they are a symbol of prosperity * pollinated by bees contain showy bright colored petals and are generally blue or yellow - birds are usually yellow or red - hovering vectors generally hang down and have long styles and filaments - wind are called Anemophilous, e.g. grass and pine * probably are the plant part most often used for plant names. - fruit which, in turn, contains seeds that are passed on to the next generation - nectar to attract insects - pollen which fertilize eggs to create seeds - seeds for reproduction - seeds, play a key role in pollination, and help plants to reproduce - the spores that pollinate other flowers, which produce seeds * proliferate, and the surviving trees begin to bear leaves. * provide a major source of good quality honey in some regions. * provide nectar and pollen to feed insects such as butterflies, hoverflies and bees - to encourage pollination - which the moths use for food - the nectar and pollen resources that pollinators feed on * raise their faces to the sun and dance for the joy of growth. * release a variety of odors that attract pollinators and other visitors - sugary scent which attracts pollinators * represent growth and feelings, while cranes stand for the human soul. * represent the fugacity of life - senses and stars the imagination * represents the total picture of harmony. * reproduce through a process called pollination. * resemble beauty, and life - hollyhocks - lovely orchids - small birds in flight * rot and stick to the leaves. * seed plant * serve to attract pollinators. * share the same fate, but live longer if kept in pots. * soft tangerine. * speak all languages - the same language around the world * start to bloom and all the species of birds found in the Delta become more active - approximately a month after spraying nitrate potassium - bud and bloom, baby birds hatch and one gets the feeling of starting over freshly * stem foliage. * stems and leaves are green because they contain chloroplasts - are in nearly constant motion from even the slightest breeze * supports add strength and flexibility to the stem allowing the flower to be gently bent. * surround bright flowers - yellow flowers - brown disk flowers * survive by storing water in their roots when it rains * symbolize conduct that is full of love and compassion - the cause as the blossoming of flowers results in the bearing of fruit * taste different when grown in different locations. * tend to close at night and reopen the next morning - grow in large clusters - have a violet color which gives stands a green-violet cast - lend a helping hand to honeybees * time their blooming according to length of day. * to attract certain insects - pollinate insects * touch the emotions of other peoples' lives. * treat eczema and catarrh from allergies. * turn a straw color when dried. * use their color, shape, and even fragrance to attract pollinators. * usually have carpels , petals , sepals , and stamens - produce many stamens just inside of the petals * vary in colors - many colors - their structure + Begoniaceae, Description, Flowers and fruits: Cucurbitales * Flowers are grouped in inflorescences. + Borage: Boraginaceae * The flowers are perfect with five narrow, triangular-pointed petals. Flowers are most often blue in color, although pink flowers are sometimes examined. White flowered types are also grown. + Flower, Structure of flowers * Flowers contain the reproductive organs of a plant. Some flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species. Many others rely on insects or birds to move pollen. Fruits and seeds are a means of dispersal. Plants do not move, but wind, animals and birds spread the plants across the landscape. + Plant, Flowering plant reproduction, Flowers and pollination: * Some flowers use the wind to carry pollen. Their dangling stamens produce lots of pollen that is light enough to be carried by the wind. Their flowers are usually small and not highly coloured. The stigmas of these flowers are feathery and hang outside the flower to catch the pollen as it falls. Science and plants'. + Pollen, Pollination: Flowers :: Plant anatomy * Animals also help move pollen between plants. Many flowers are colourful and their scent attracts some animals. These flowers also make a sweet juice called nectar. Sometimes an animal, such as a bee, sees or smells a flower. Then, it lands on the flower to get nectar. As the bee drinks the nectar, the stamens brush pollen onto its body. Then, the bee flies to another flower that has a pistil. + Quillaja saponaria, Morphology * Quillay is an evergreen tree, with grey bark. Alternate leaves, glaber, acute apex and obtuse base, bright green, near entire margins with 4-8 teeth. Flowers light green or white, hermaphrodite, pentamer, radiate. * A 'flower' is a part of a plant. Flowers are also called the bloom or blossom of a plant. Flowers have petals. Inside the petals are the parts which produce seeds.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Annual flower * Annual Flowers Learn how to grow easy and colorful annual flowers. * Most annual flowers grow and flower best in full sun. * can be a prime source of color to accent and enliven a home's landscape. * have relatively few insect and disease problems. * love rich soil loosely dug eight or more inches deep. * replace the tulips during the summer months. * require more maintenance than most other landscape plants. * take center stage in the summer season.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: Begonia * Some begonias prefer cool temperature. * The genus contains about 1,400 different plant species. Begonias are found in moist subtropical and tropical climates. Some species are often grown indoors as houseplants. * always can tolerate shade well in Cheyenne. * are also susceptible to gas fumes - annual plants - another annual that are frequently wintered over by gardeners - faithful shade garden flowers - light feeders - monoecious dicots, producing both male and female flowers on the same plant - mostly succulent herbs from the tropics - quite popular in Florida, both as landscape and house plants - susceptible to mildew * come in a wide range of flower color, and bronze or green foliage. * dislike dry conditions, so water generously, especially during periods of hot weather. * do well in average indoor winter temperatures and our average outdoor summer temperatures. * have to have well-drained soil. * look best when used in mass. * tend to be leggy - have brittle stems, so watch for damaged branches ### plant part \| flower \| begonia: Fibrous begonia * All fibrous begonias prefer well-drained soil and to be kept slightly dry. * are good in full sun or light shade.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower \| begonia: Tuberous begonia * Most tuberous begonias have spectacular flowers in summer and autumn. * are begonias - easily wintered - one of the few highly colourful plants which can be grown in partial shade * come in colors from white through yellow and orange to deep red. * do best in a location that has partial to full shade and well-drained soil - go dormant even when they are growing indoors * grow best in partial shade - in deep shade and display some of the most vibrant colors found in flowers * have a very long blooming season - much larger, slightly hairy leaves and large, bold flowers * like to go dormant in the winter. * start very slowly. Bloodroot flower * Most bloodroot flowers have petals. * Most bloodroot flowers produce nectar * are pure white and produce eight petals. Blue flower * Most blue flowers appear in early springs - late springs * Some blue flowers have sepals. * are located in meadows - often tough to record properly on film - only possible on acid soil, on plants that carry blue flowers - rather rare among annuals Bright flower * Most bright flowers appear in late springs * Most bright flowers attract butterflies - insects - hummingbirds<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: Cactus flower * Some cactus flowers bloom at night and are pollinated by moths and bats * Many cacti live in dry places, such as deserts. There are many shapes and sizes of cacti. Many cactus flowers are big and beautiful. Some cactus flowers bloom at night and are pollinated by moths and bats. Some cactus fruits are brightly coloured and good to eat. Goats, birds, ants, mice, bats and people eat cactus fruits * are some of the most beautiful in the world. * come in different shapes, sizes, and colors. Calceolaria * likes cool temperatures, fresh moist air and bright light, but protect from hot sun. * member of the Scrophulariaceae. Calla * are plants. * have long-petioled, basal leaves arising from a thick rhizome - showy inflorescences, the spathe being white, yellow, pink or other colors * originate along stream and pool edges in South Africa. Carnation flower * produce seeds. * take up water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Chrysanthemum * Most chrysanthemums have big flowers and attractive colours. * also provide late summer color, while aster blooms in early fall. * are a major export flower - symbol of death, red roses are symbols of love or passion - also common, outdoors and in gift baskets, and they add a lot of great colors - composite flowers - examples of short-day plants - part of chrysanthemums * are the last of the basic perennial flowers to bloom - most popular flower to give mothers - vigorous plants with active root systems * bend their yellow heads. * come in all colors except blue - every color except blue * enjoy new places in which to bloom each year. * grow best in well-drained soil. * make effective potted accents but are problematic as garden plants. * normally bloom in the fall. * offer a dazzling array of colors, sizes, and flower forms. * root fairly easily in early spring when day temperatures are relatively low. * set flower buds in relation to short days and long nights. * sometimes become crowded in the garden. * symbolize cheerfulness, loveliness and luck. * usually have few insect problems. Chrysanthemum flower * are harbingers of coldness - very colorful and widely used by florists in the West * bodes well for the sacral chakra. Cleistogamous flower * are produced as self- pollinated flowers in summer. * lack petals.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: Columbine * are a favorite among shade-loving flowers - easy to grow - great garden plants and are easy to grow from seed - perennials - short lived plants with brightly colored, spurred flowers * do best however, when they are grown in moist, rich, well drained soil in light shade. * does best in moist, well drained soil. * grow along the trail in spots and wildflowers grow in profusion in season. * grows well in shade but blooms best if it gets a little sun during the day. * is extremely susceptible to leaf miner, which is the insect that is causing the lines. * literally signifies the cutting of America. * prefers full sun to partial shade in moist soils that have excellent drainage. * signal the start of the traditional perennial border garden by blooming in spring. Composite flower * Some composite flowers have both ray and disc florets while some have only ray florets. * are more difficult to cross than complete or incomplete flowers - cornlete or incomplete flowers Coneflower * are flowers * can take some shade, especially during the hottest part of the day. * grow best in a dry soil supplemented with leaf mold or compost. * prefer light shade to full sun with average moisture. ### plant part \| flower \| coneflower: Purple coneflower * are also great as cut flowers - easy to grow perennials - perennials whose clumps can be divided in the fall when necessary * grow best in well-drained soils in full sun. * make good cut flowers for indoor arrangements. * perform best in sun or partial shade. Conspicuous flower * Most conspicuous flowers attract insects. * appear in early springs Crocus flower * Most crocus flowers bloom in springs. * Most crocus flowers have leaves - thin leaves Cut flower * are located in markets - ornaments - vulnerable to attack by one or more species of beetles * can last a week or more. * last longer in clean water. * stems early in the morning, when they're plump with water. Cyclamen * also love moisture. * endures cold, wet soil. * is highly susceptible. * mites cause much distortion of the growing tips - tuberous begonia and cyclamen flowers to be discolored or to shrivel or wilt - needs certain humidity level which they find in the folded leaves - overwinter as adult females in the strawberry crown	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Dahlia * Some dahlias are multi-colored, while others are a solid blast of brilliant color. * also have variable heights - make excellent cut flowers * are a flowering plant from Mexico - also susceptible to powdery mildew - available in the spring as either tuberous roots or seedlings - diversified - grow, easy to maintain, and give spectacular blooms - large plants and require support - other summer flowering bulbs that offer a great deal of variety in the garden - particularly sensitive to frost - prone to bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, and viral diseases - very sensitive to freezing temperatures * begin blooming in early summer and continue to frost. * come in a rainbow of colors, and a puzzling complexity of flower form and petal shapes. * come in many colors, including red, pink, orange, yellow, white - sizes, shapes and colors - nearly every color except blue * do well in fertile, well-drained garden soil. * have root tubers - tuberous roots, as do the sweet potatoes * love the Bay Area climate, growing well as long as there is at least half a day of sun. * make great cut flowers. * perform best in full sun and a well-drained soil. * prefer fertile, well-watered garden sites in full sun - full sun and a rich, well-drained soil * produce an abundance of beautiful flowers all summer long - large blooms with intense colors * reproduce asexually through vegetative tissue called bulbs. * require a large amount of water - full sun and thrive the best on a sandy loam soil with good drainage - some special care, especially lifting for winter storage - sun, regular watering and fertile soil * respond to deep and frequent waterings. * tend to have shallow roots so be careful when cultivating. Daylily flower * appear in many forms. * are crunchy and fresh tasting - similar to eating lettuce. * bloom on stalks called scapes. * come in many colors, shades, and color combinations.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: Delphinium * Most delphiniums are annuals, so are some herbs, and peas and cereals. * are easy plants to grow - often call larkspurs - one of the hardiest perennials found in Northern Utah gardens - such rapid growing perennials - the easiest and most beautiful of perennials that can be grown from seed - very hardy and tolerant of frosts - of the throat chakra * has no florets or they are full of holes. * is flat - injured from early spring to early summer and again in late summer * perform best in well-drained soils in full sun. * prefer a fertile, deeply prepared, well-drained soil and exposure to full sun. * provide a variety of colors over long periods in the summer. ### plant part \| flower \| delphinium: Larkspur * grows best in cool weather. * is named for the resemblence of the flower to the spur on the foot of a lark - primarily a problem in western ranges, especially with cattle - very easy to grow producing tall heavily flowered spikes in a broad range of colors * needs light to germinate. * toxins Larkspurs contain potent alkaloid neurotoxins. * very flat, spikey kind of flower. ### plant part \| flower \| delphinium \| larkspur: Low larkspur * are most palatable to cattle after flowering. * begins growth as soon as snow melts in the spring. * is less toxic and more palatable to sheep than cattle - toxic to cattle and causes some losses in the spring and early summer Tall larkspur * have a spurred blue flower, similar to that of garden delphinium. * perennial that is found on hillsides and in meadows. Different flower * bloom at different temperature and soil conditions. * have different sexes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Edible flower * Many edible flowers grow wild in fields and along roadsides. * Most edible flowers attract birds - small birds - various small birds - grow well in Colorado's bright sunshine * are a tasty addition to salads and baked goods - tasty in salads - the feather in a dessert maker's cap * come in all shapes, sizes, and colors and each one has a distinct flavor. * make food for any occasion special. * offer gourmets a new range of colors, forms, textures, scents and flavors. * taste best when picked and eaten the same day. Elder flower * Elder Flowers are ideal for the treatment of colds and influenza. * are ideal for coughs, colds and flu. * seems to work directly on the part of the brain responsible for temperature control.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: Female flower * Most female flowers bear pollen - viable pollen - contain stigma - develop into fruit * Most female flowers have petals - pistils - single pistils - stamens - occur on plants * Most female flowers produce nectar - oblong seeds * Some female flowers come in contact. * Some female flowers contain florets - ovules * Some female flowers develop into bananas - grow on plants * Some female flowers have sepals - twigs - lack petals - occur on trees * Some female flowers produce berries - green berries * are exceptionally fragrant and only female trees produce pods - the cone or fruit producing flower and the male flower is the pollinating flower - very small and green and they are on spikes that are approx Fertile flower * Most fertile flowers produce seeds. * produce brown oval seeds Fragrant flower * Most fragrant flowers attract bees - contain stamens - range in color * Some fragrant flowers make plants. * are favorites of bees. * attract bees and the nectar provides a distinctively-flavored honey - wildlife * bloom from spring to frost. * emerge from pods, staying in bloom six to eight weeks. * have petals. Fresh flower * are used in making healing oils and they can be tossed into salads. * open in the morning and they die at night. Frost flower * are highly saline ice crystals which grow on the surface of new ice. * can bloom in the most delightfully unpredictable places. * occur in many parts of the world and all across the state of Missouri. Giant sunflower * are grown from seed. * have huge seed heads in the fall. Green flower * Some green flowers bloom in late winter * appear before leaves. Hummingbird flower * are pure red, scentless, and have a dilute nectar. * tend to bloom for a longer period of time than other flowers. Infected flower * decline rapidly and have grayish fungal growth on the surface. * dry and generally cling to the plant longer than uninfected flowers do. * fall to the ground and the fungus produces hard, resting bodies called sclerotia. * turn black and die. Kudzu flower * are purple or purplish-red with flower clusters that reach up to one foot long. * smell like ripe grapes. Large flower * start blooming early and continue 'til fall. * take longer heating times. Little flower * Most little flowers produce seeds. * start to bloom And grow, and grow, and grow.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Male flower * Most male flowers appear on plants - weed plants - carry pollen * Most male flowers consist of florets - numerous florets * Most male flowers contain pollen * Most male flowers have female organs - pollen pistils - thin stalks - produce pollen - provide pollen - release pollen * Most male flowers shed pollen * Some male flowers are pollinated by beetles - make fruit * are groups of tiny purple flowers that grow in drooping clusters called catkins - morphologically distinct from female flowers * contain pollen, and female flowers contain a receptacle for the pollen called an ovule * furnish pollen for pollination, but never produce fruit. - reddish stamens - yellow stamens * mature and produce pollen, larval wasps become adults and mate. * occur on plants. * produce pollen, and female flowers develop into fruit * serve as the pollinator and female flowers bear fruit. - viable pollen Orange flower * Most orange flowers bloom in springs - resemble flowers * appear as a bright flame. * bloom from the center of the plants during winter Orchid flower * Many orchid flowers have fragrances that it emits. * Some orchid flowers bloom for one week to up to four months depending on the species - have a slippery surface * Some orchid flowers look like moth wings * are among the most beautiful in the plant world. * exhibit characteristics associated with more advanced species. * supply nectar, oils, and perfume for bees, flies, and butterflies. * to attract certain insects - pollinate insects Pansy flower * have basic color patterns - petals * look like flowers. Peace lily * Peace Lilies are toxic to both dogs and cats - grow under a forest canopy and so are used to living in deteriorating bark * Peace lilies are native to hot, moist, shady tropical rainforests - sometimes susceptible to infection by aphids, mites, or other small arthropods - can be sensitive to chlorine - filter out trichloroethylene best - have wide leaves that accumulate dust * Some peace lilies grow in containers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Peony * Peonies also make wonderful dried flowers. * Peonies are a highly prized and popular perennial and are widely grown in flower gardens - also good background plants for low annual flowers - hardy, permanant, very easy to grow and enjoy freedom from pests for the most part - herbaceous perennials that are easily grown in the garden - in bloom, as are irises * Peonies are large luminous flowers with no discernable scent - plants, best planted at the back of the flower border - light feeders - long lived perennials - one perennial that is usually staked - quite hardy, except for the tree types - relatively easy to grow - unable to withstand strong winds, especially when they are heavy with blossoms - begin growing so early in the spring, that they often begin to decline in late summer * Peonies bloom best in full sun - on peony trees - can be tricky to grow until they get established and begin blooming - come in a wide range of flower colors including white, cream, yellow, pink, red and rose - develop a taproot and many short, thin roots - do best in full sun or in light shade * Peonies grow best in full sun and well-drained soils - sunlight and well-drained soils - from two to four feet in height - in well drained soil in sunny locations in nature * Peonies have beautiful flowers and foliage - few pests or problems - make good background plants for low annual flowers - occasionally have problems with spider mites and powdery mildew in Colorado - often attract small ants as they begin to open - perform best in full sun and well-drained soils - planted in shade are more subject to diseases than when in full sun * Peonies prefer neutral to slightly alkaline soil - rich, well-drained soil - range in color from white through pale cream and pink to red - require winter cold to flower - suffer grievously or die when their roots are disturbed - thrive in sunny locations and well-drained soils, tolerating a wide range of soil types ### plant part \| flower \| peony: Chinese peony * Chinese peonies have large double flowers in shades of red, pink, and white. * can live more than a hundred year.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower \| peony: Tree peony * Tree peonies are also more hardy to cold than their herbaceous relatives - quite slow-growing, often taking several years to come into bloom - deciduous shrubs with an irregular, picturesque branching habit - less common in home gardens due to their higher cost and care requirements - relatively slow to establish - shrubs that bloom in spring with heartbreaking abandon - bloom several weeks before herbaceous * Tree peonies grow either from seed or from grafts - to eye-level on woody stems with few branches - prefer organic fertilizers Perennial flower * Most perennial flowers add color. * Most perennial flowers bloom in months - summer months * come back year after year with beautiful foliage and flowers. * give continuous color and texture to gardens and yards. * offer nectar for butterflies and hummingbirds. Perfect flower * Most perfect flowers appear in springs. * Most perfect flowers contain pistils - stamens * Most perfect flowers have organs * can fertilize themselves. * contain both the male parts and female parts within a single flower structure * tend to be self-pollinated. Phacelia * is killed by moderate frosts. * nonhost cover crop which has also been tested. Pink flower * Most pink flowers appear in springs - attract insects * Most pink flowers grow in many places - have petals * Some pink flowers are pollinated by beetles. * are especially good for vinegars, salads, or dried wreaths. * turn blue as they age.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Pistillate flower * are female flowers that produce fruit - terminal to the central stem and other major branches of the inflorescence * have a compound ovary with three locules topped by three sticky, sessile stigmas. * lack visible sepals and petals, and are small and green. * reach the surface by a long, thread-like stalk. * solitary in upper leaf axils or forming cymes co-mingled with the male flowers. Prairie flower * are in bloom. * attract a diversity of pollinating insects. Purple flower * Most purple flowers attract bees. * Most purple flowers have odor - petals - produce useful seeds * Some purple flowers grow in pockets. * are dominant to white flowers in pea plants - edible as well as leaves and seeds which are known for benefits to liver * seem to be most attractive to butterflies, followed by yellows, pinks, and whites. * yield pods full of tiny seeds, persisting into the winter.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: Pyrethrum * are herbs - insecticide - primarily effective as a contact poison * can also be a useful contact insecticide for reducing insect pest populations - kill insects rapidly at very low concentrations * comes from insecticidal compounds found in African chrysanthemums. * daisy-like flower that can be used for production of a natural insecticide. * give a fast knock down of pest insects and are broad spectrum. * insecticide is one of the most widely used natural insecticides in existence. * is also toxic to fish - considered a natural chemical suitable for use by organic gardeners * is derived from the blossoms of the pyrethrum flower, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium - flower of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium - easy to grow - extracted from the flowers of chrysanthemum - extremely toxic to fish, toxic to bees and slightly toxic to birds * is grown in small holdings and only in certain areas of the highlands - smallholdings and only in certain areas of the highlands - non-toxic to most mammals, making it among the safest insecticides in use - nontoxic to most mammals, making it among the safest insecticides in use - one of the most widely used organic pesticides - the most widely used botanical insecticide in the United States - used as a insecticide against many garden bugs * kills all non-resistant insects. * natural pesticide which provides a quick kill but no residual - vegetable extract from a variety of Chrysanthemum flowers * nerve poison and paralyzes insects on contact. Red flower * Most red flowers bloom in summer. * attract birds as pollinators and have no scent - nectar-sucking birds, as everyone with a hummingbird feeder knows * complement romantic occasions such as weddings and anniversaries. * seem to be distinguished because of their reflection of ultra-violet. Rosemary flower * can be white, pink, purple, or blue deep purple or blue-violet. * come in shades of blue, pink and white. Saguaro flower * Most saguaro flowers provide nectar. * Some saguaro flowers provide food. ### plant part \| flower \| scabiosa: Pincushion flower * are attractive to butterflies * does best in sunny gardens. * is insect and disease resistant and attracts butterflies. * make fine cut flowers. * perform best in moist, well-drained soils. Scent flower * appear in summer. * emerge in summer. Shape flower * appear in springs. * vary in color. Showy flower * Most showy flowers bloom in early springs - have petals - produce seeds * appear during summer. * are fragrant and attract butterflies. - while foliage unfurls * go to greater lengths to reproduce. * to attract pollinators. Snapdragon flower * are sensitive to root rot, so provide well-draining potting soil - tubes made up of five petals * have sturdy, irregular shaped flowers with landing platform. Solitary flower * Most solitary flowers produce nectar. * Some solitary flowers have sepals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Spathiphyllum * are clump growing tropical plants with many stems emerging from the soil - excellent foliage plants even without flowers - thirsty plants * come in many varieties and sizes. ### plant part \| flower \| speedwell: Common speedwell * common weed in the eastern states. * perennial native to both the U.S. and Eurasia. Spring flower * Most spring flowers provide nectar. * are abloom, and cherry orchards fill the air with their fragrant blossoms. * grow as tall as towers, Eyes itch, and noses twitch when the pollen showers. * symbolize the freshness and hope of new beginnings. * turn into crab apple size edible fruits, large inedible seed is said to be poisonous.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: Staminate flower * appear singly or in clusters of two to three at the base of a short, green branch. * are generally tetramerous, but there is variability - home in naked catkins developing from leaf axils of the previous year - male flowers, having stamens but no functional female parts * develop in groups of three at each bract. * form short clusters and pistillate flowers are crowded into spherical heads. * have two rings of five stamens each borne on a stalk. * occur, in which the gynoecium is very small, but the stamens are of normal length. Strawberry flower * are most sensitive to frost injury immediately before and during opening. * become progressively more susceptible to freezing as they develop. * originate in the crowns of strawberry plants. Sweet alyssum * are flowers. * is an excellent low growing plant useful for edging - most commonly available in white, purple and rose * likes average to poor, well-drained soil and moderate water. * neat growing plant with a long blooming period. * sweetly fragrant, low-growing garden annual used for edging. Tiny flower * Many tiny flowers produce the crunchy little seeds that give figs their unique texture. * Most tiny flowers appear in early springs - attract butterflies * Most tiny flowers bloom in early summer * Most tiny flowers grow in areas - grassy areas - produce seeds * Some tiny flowers have twigs. * show their blooms, and buds swell almost visibly. Tropical flower * are naturally long lasting, they are very sturdy, hardy flowers. * hate bacteria. * have great line form. Tuberose * bloom only once in seven years. * thrive in sunny spots and bloom in late summer. Tubular flower * Most tubular flowers appear in summer - attract birds * Most tubular flowers have odor - unpleasant odor - produce nectar * Some tubular flowers develop into seeds. * help lure pollinators with long beaks and tongues, such as hummingbirds. ### plant part \| flower \| vervain: Blue vervain * begins blooming. * has more numerous more slender flower spikes that are more blue-purple. Wallflower * are bands * benefit from transplanting while they are young.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| flower: White flower * Most white flowers appear during springs. * Most white flowers appear in early springs - summer * Most white flowers bloom in early springs - late springs * Most white flowers have odor - petals - round petals - produce scent * Some white flowers bloom in autumn - early autumn * accentuate colors of other desert flowers while providing a visual cooling effect. - summer, in greater profusion than on most eucalypts * are abundant in early spring and other seasons when water is plentiful - good reflecters of UV light, so they are very prominant to an insect's eyes - produced on long leafless stalks - recessive to purple flowers * bloom at night. - spring from pink buds * can be effective in helping blend colors together or to brighten dark comers. * float on the water's surface. * occur in clusters at the ends of the branches in summer through to autumn. * produce edible fruits, and the foliage is yellow to red * surround bright flowers - yellow flowers * swirl open at night.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| flower: Yellow flower * Most yellow flowers add color. * Most yellow flowers appear in springs - on plants * Most yellow flowers bloom in early springs - have petals - sprout from seeds - surround flowers * Some yellow flowers possess anthers. - mainly in the spring on long, smooth, hollow stalks * are tubular with flared petals, and appear in late winter and spring. * arise from leaf axils as do tendrils. * bloom in clusters in spring - late summer * blossom after the first three weeks of growth. * occur on inflorescences that usually extend beyond the leaves. * part the mind in latent thirds. * surround brown disk flowers	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Foliage * Create fine foliage that can be used as a bush or tree texture. * Most foliage appears during grow seasons - arises from stems - attracts pollinators - begins photosynthesis * Most foliage has color - nutrients - odor - produces nutrients * Most foliage turns color - green color * Some foliage absorbs heat - maximum heat - attracts vectors - contains juice * Some foliage grows from buds - trees - has weep habits * Some foliage is harvested during grow seasons * also comes in shades and textures from fresh yellow greens to deep rainforest darks. * arises from short shoots, where leaf scars are commonly visible * beautiful blue-green color and widely used as an accent plant and edging. * burn in hot dry soils. * can also add color - be various shades of green or variegated in white and green - drown if planted too deep - fill a spot that seems dry or empty - provide varying shades of green or distinct contrast with yellow, red, or purple leaves - remain evergreen in warmer climates - vary from narrow to wide to feathery in various shades of green and gold * changes color and dies - colour from season to season * contains compounds that appear to have insecticidal and fungicidal properties. * creates barriers. * dies back in fall, and new shoots emerge from roots in spring - to ground in fall * does come in many colors. * has chances - concentrate nutrients - enough onion smell to keep deer at bay - taste * includes leaf shapes - sections * is also mahogany in color which slowly turns a deep green in late summer. * is blue green in color and is needle like less than an inch in length - to green in color and varies by seedling or variety - bright green in color, tending to cluster at branch ends - conditioned for increased chemical absorption by prolonged cool periods - consumed by several small, spotted, caterpillar-like larvae - especially colorful when grown in part shade - evergreen in mild climates - green year round due to the warm humid climate - green, silver, or steel blue and sharp enough to draw blood * is killed at freezing temperatures but roots survive - by frost - located in forests - lost and the trees have less area for photosynthesis - medium to light green in color - mobs - more difficult to save under severe frost conditions - needlelike, scalelike, or both - of the type known as phyllodes and is often found in Wattles of dry or hot regions - palatable to pronghorn in summer and fall, and is palatable year-round in wet years - resistant to wind burn - retained well into dry seasons - soft to the touch, in a luminous yellow color - susceptible to rust, leaf spot and anthracnose - toxic to livestock, especially sheep, when consumed in quantity - unique to each individual plant * is used by browsers - several birds for nest building - in floral arrangements - useful in flower arrangements - what ties any garden together * plant organ * pleasing silver color, ranging from white to bluish-green. * provides cover for songbirds and mammals - habitats - shelter * seems almost as important as flowers. * turns an intense color in fall, ranging from pinkish orange to red-purple - bronze color - color in the fall - coppery color - pink color * usually turns bright yellow in a few days because of chlorophyll degradation. * varies in shades of green.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| foliage: Cotyledon * Most cotyledons emerge from germinate seeds * Some cotyledons absorb nutrients. * Some cotyledons contain compounds - toxic compounds * Some cotyledons have butterfly shapes - distinctive shapes - provide nutrients * also become yellow, with some reddening of the petioles of young leaves - store considerable quantity of neem oil * appear as bumps on the proembryo and the embryo elongates. * are bean-shaped, thick, dark green above and light green below - kidney-shaped and smooth - lanceolate with rounded tips and smooth on both surfaces * are linear and hairless - in shape - linear, long and smooth - long and waxy, as well as narrow and tapering at each end - often different in appearance from subsequent and adult leaves - ovate to round - primitive leaves inside the seed - round to spatulate, glabrous and fleshy - round, thick and large with a purple hypocotyl * are seed leafs - small-sized, with long caulicles - smooth and green - spatulate with three large veins * are the first leaves of the embryonic plant - produced by plants - pair of leaves to emerge - site of primary infection * are thick and oval to spatula-shaped - spatulate with grooved petioles * are thick, fleshy, lanceolate, and fairly large - long and narrow - unifoliate, and are small relative to subsequent leaves * are without hairs but the first true leaves have hairs and a grayish appearance * begin to form as bumps on the embryo. * communicate their demand for sucrose to the seed coat through cell turgor signals. * connate into a tube enclosing the plumule. * have a slight notch at the tip - parallel margins and rounded tips * leaves growth stage of normal sugar beet. * look like Acer rubrum leaves. * ovate to heart-shaped - spatulate and scurfy on the lower surface * remain within seed coat. * store food. * swell to show that the Endosperm is filled with nourishment. Dense foliage * protects fruits from sun scald. * provides habitats - shelter<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| foliage: Frond * Most fronds arise from stems - underground stems - contain water * Most fronds develop buds - little buds - float on surfaces * Most fronds grow from stems - sporangiums - have mass * Most fronds remain grind rhizomes * Some fronds absorb nutrients - arise from rhizomes * Some fronds contain buds - develop ferns - grow feet * Some fronds have duckweeds - roots - spores - meet underground rhizomes * Some fronds produce fronds - survive for months * Try using the feathery fronds attached to the bulb as a herb. * also arise from the rhizome. * are a type of plant found in the plantae kingdom - big leaves such as on a fern - commonly monocots due to the parallel structure of the veins in the leaves - deciduous in colder climates and evergreen in milder climates - kind of the same as tendrils, really - large leaves that usually have many divisions - leaves on ferns - light green and turn gold yellow before going dormant for the winter - slightly dimorphic, with the fertile fronds standing more erect than sterile fronds - the branch-like pieces that extend from the plant, covered in leaves - vine-like structures growing out from the stipe * are, strictly speaking, elaborate compound leaves, attached to the stem by a petiole. - upright then arch with age * have a characteristic ridge along the egde of the receptacles - narrow segments with long spreading crests * includes leaf shapes - sections * make good insulators, and they have the added advantage of repelling water. * pinnate to nearly or fully bipinnate. * produce plantlets which can be removed and planted. * remain fronds * resemble shiny dragon scales. * spring from a central, slowly expanding crown. * tend to die back. * turn brown at the ends when humidity is too low - from the bottom up	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| foliage \| frond: Fertile frond * Some fertile fronds contain sporangiums - grow proliferous tips - produce spores * begin to wither in early summer, after sporulation is completed. * develop fronds. * have clusters of elongate sporangia that partially replace pinnules. Green foliage * Most green foliage produces nutrients. * Most green foliage turns bronze color * begins to sprout, and before long dogwoods and azaleas start showing their colors. * creates barriers. Hosta foliage * exhibits almost every color except red. * offers a variety of leaf shapes, textures, and colors. * ranges in color from nearly yellow to a deep blue-green. Ivy foliage * contains triterpenoid saponins and falcarinol. * helps to add balance and highlight the brighter flowers.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| foliage: Needle * Most needles have diameters - edges - inner diameters - strength - surfaces * Some needles contain crystal - fall from trees * Some needles grow in northern regions * Some needles have bands - coats - hues * Some needles have outer coats - waxy coats - silvery bands - penetrate skin - produce wax * actually help keep coniferous trees warm during the winter. * also have much tighter stomatal closure. * are an adaptation to conserve water in cold, dry environments - blue green to dark green in color - essentials for sewing * are generally dull bluish-gray to silvery blue and emit a resinous odor when crushed - scale-like but have sharp tips - grey, dead and dropping needles - implements * are in bundles of five - or groups - light green and have a fine texture * are located in beachs - doctors - haystacks - hospitals - match ground to help prevent tissue coring - one of the most frightening things to many individuals - only half their normal length and trees die prematurely - pointers - reduced leaves with a small surface area - shafts - sharps - smalls - soft and flexible - soft, scale-like, flat, aromatic when crushed * are the biggest single cause of injury in hospitals in the Western world - same color on top and bottom and are all about the same length - two distinct sizes, with alternating long and short needles * are typically square in cross section and are blunt on their ends - section, and range from being very sharp to blunt - unequal in length and are whiter on bottom than top * are used for embroidery - injections - repairs - stitching - very sharp, and have an acidic taste * can put much more than drugs into the blood stream - transmit disease and cause injuries to others * catch dust and dirt, thus cleansing the air. * come in many forms and colors. * grow in bunches, wrapped together at the base * have a disagreeable odor when crushed - sweet scent when crushed - an unpleasant odor when crushed * have cut edges - sharp points * includes leaf shapes - sections * infected by Swiss needlecast often turn brown at the tips in early spring. * is bent or blunt or has a sharp eye. * kill one hair at a time Transdermal is safer and never invades the skin. * leaved evergreens are also common. * normally fall during the third year. * occur in clusters at end of short spur shoots - on small peg-like structures on the twig called sterigmata - singly and feel soft * pass infected blood from one person to another. * provide evergreen cover and nesting materials for various species. * retain water better than broad-leafed trees like oaks and maples. * tend to open up the channels, allow the energy to flow properly allowing people to relax. * turn yellow, die and drop.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| foliage \| needle: Acupuncture needle * Most acupuncture needles used today are disposable and, therefore, there is no risk of infection. * are about half the size of the smallest sized needles used for injection - two to three inches long - devices intended to pierce the skin in the practice of acupuncture * are extremely thin and flexible - rather bendable like wire - federally approved medical devices - hair-thin and usually made out of stainless steel - much thinner than needles used to draw blood or give injections - scarcely thicker than a hair, solid, and polished smooth - solid, usually made of stainless steel, and are extremely flexible * are very different from hypodermic needles sued for injections - fine and flexible, about the diameter of a human hair * are very fine, about the size of a thick hair - flexible, and are about the diameter of a strand of human hair * are very thin and solid and are made of stainless steel - solid, and are made from stainless steel - thin, much thinner than the hypodermic needles used for inoculations - very thin and flexible * bear little resemblance to needles used in blood tests and injections. * can unblock the obstruction and re establish energy flow. * change energy flow, opening up channels. * come in various strengths and lengths. * do penetrate the skin, so they can cause bleeding. * have no bore or hollow center through which fluids pass. * used in the United States are all sterile and generally disposable. Compass needle * line up with magnetic fields. * point toward the magnetic north pole during periods of normal polarity. Conifer needle * break down slowly, but still improve the soil over the long haul. * have a thick, waxy coating of cutin that significantly reduces water loss. * make a light, airy, attractive mulch. * turn yellow-green. Diseased needle * are often uniformly brown at the tips, but never mottled. * drop prematurely, the older ones first. * exhibit dark green bands or scattered yellow to tan spots.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| foliage \| needle: Evergreen needle * Some evergreen needles have coats - waxy coats * are in bundles of three or infrequently in bundles of two or four - the solution for a short growing season - thick and often waxy to reduce water loss * fall off from old age. * have a waxy coating that serves as a protectant against wind and drought. * make the soil porous and improve drainage. * rain down covering bushes and forming deep layers of duff on the ground. * survive for some years but eventually fall because of old age. Fir needle * snap when fresh, pine needles bend when fresh. * span the branches of the trees. Green needle * Some green needles have bands - silvery bands * can cause stains. Infected needle * become chlorotic, die, turn reddish-brown, and are shed. * show yellow to reddish-brown spots or bands that extend around the needle - orbands that extend around the needles<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| foliage \| needle: Pine needle * can keep the ground warm, too - spark and wrappings cause chimney and roof fires * decompose slowly and are less desirable in compost than leaves - slowly, are resistant to compaction, and are easy to work with * form a carpet which discourages regeneration of native forest floor species. * make a very good base material for an ericaceous compost - an excellent mulch because they are porous and moderately acid * start turning brown, waiting patiently on their branches to drop. Safer needle * exist today that can prevent the spread of disease - cover, blunt, or retract needles after use * save lives and money for health care facilities. Pale foliage * Most pale foliage turns color. * turns bronze color	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| foliage: Petal * Most petals are part of perianths - pollinated by insects * Most petals attract butterflies - pollinators - emerge from buds - fall off plants * Most petals have color - outer surfaces - soft texture - protect stamens - stay on plants * Some petals attract insects - pollinate insects - bear veins * Some petals cause paralysis - temporary paralysis - contain pores * Some petals have bases - flavor * act to attract pollinators to the plant. * are films - frequently the visual advertising banner that attracts pollinators - often brightly-colored and have many different shapes * are part of corollas - really a type of leaf that protects the inner parts of the flower * are the colourful parts of a flower which are present inside the sepals - eye-catching part of the flower, and come in every color of the rainbow - main attracting forces of the flower - most obvious parts of a flower * attract attention - visual attention * can develop a color breaking and leaves can pucker, become distorted, yellow, and abscise. * contain salycylic acid, blue dye, essential oils. * have appearances - similar shape and color like female insects to attract males and ensure pollination - strike appearances * includes leaf shapes - sections * often display bright colors that serve to attract pollinators. * play an important role in attracting animal pollination to the flower. * to attract insects. + Leaf, Leaf adaptations: Plant anatomy ### plant part \| foliage \| petal: Colorful petal * Most colorful petals attract pollinators. * attract pollinators while protecting the reproductive parts Petal blight * affects only the flower portion of the plant. * can be a problem in rainy and very humid weather. * causes spots on the petals. * disease that hits some rhododendrons and azaleas that bloom later in the spring. * is caused by an airborne fungus which over-winters on the spent flowers - more severe in cool, moist springs * spore-borne disease that spreads rapidly.<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| foliage: Sepal * Most sepals are green, but they can be brightly colored like the petals * Most sepals surround petals * Most sepals yield seeds - shiny seeds * Some sepals are pollinated by moths - contain chloroplasts - look like petals * Some sepals protect buds - flower buds * are leafy structures under petals - made up of the calyx and are similar to petals * are part of calyxs - perianths - small green, leaflike structures on the base of the flower which protect the flower bud * are the green parts that protect a flower bud before it opens - outer leaves surrounding the base of the flower * are the outermost of the four whorls of modified leaves that make up a flower - whorl of the flower * are usually green and rather tough to protect the more delicate parts of the flower bud - they enclose and protect the developing bud * attract butterflies. * continue the eye with a thumbprint chevron. * cover and protect the other flower parts when the flower bud. * enclose and protect the remaining flower during the bud stage - the lower part of the flower * fall early in the life of the flower. * form a ring of small leaf-like sections around the base of the flower - first, followed by petals, and then by stamen, and finally by carpels * help protect the developing bud. * lack wings. * lie below the petals and are narrower and more sharply pointed than petals. * occur with or without glandular hairs. * often look like petals, variable in number. * protect the bud and are sometimes very petal-like - developing flower while it is still a bud - flower before blooming * reflect lighter shades of the same coloration. * yield black seeds * yield shiny black seeds ### plant part \| foliage \| sepal: Green sepal * Some green sepals contain chloroplasts. * surround stamens.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| foliage: Wet foliage * attracts insects and fungus disease. * increases the chance of disease. * is more prone to diseases - prone to mildew and fungal diseases - susceptible to diseases	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part: Fruit * Add fresh or dried fruits to canned foods. * All fruits are good sources of potassium, folic acid, magnesium and fiber. * All fruits contain appreciable amounts of potassium - seeds, but they are usually picked out before eating - have more pectin when they are underripe - make seeds * Any fruit damaged by freezing begins to decompose, or rot, rapidly as it thaws. * Every fruit fly species on Nauru was introduced from other countries. * Includes all fruits and fruit juices. * Many fruit eating species eat other foods as well. * Many fruits are characteristic for particular families or subfamilies - eaten animals, and the seeds are dropped after the fruit is digested - excellent sources of vitamins and anti-oxidants that the body needs - full of natural sugar and have fruit acid - used in conjunction with vegetables in many dishes - come from trees or bushes * Many fruits contain fibers that help to reduce cholesterol - laxatives to speed up the process * Many fruits have anti-oxidant properties which can help with stress - indigestible seeds, which pass through the animals digestive tracts - provide folic acid and magnesium - require an antioxidant to prevent browning * Most fruit also contains magnesium and folic acid. * Most fruit appears during rainy seasons - on plants * Most fruit attracts animals - herbivores - other animals - squirrels - wild animals - carries seeds * Most fruit contains acid - carbohydrates - chemicals - citric acid - compounds - digestive enzymes - fibre - fructose glucose - genetic materials - less sugar * Most fruit contains many hard seeds - nutrients - valuable nutrients - oblong seeds - simple carbohydrates - small seeds - water * Most fruit develops from flowers - perfect flowers * Most fruit falls from oak trees * Most fruit falls off plants - grows from buds * Most fruit grows in forest habitats - locations - lush habitats - regions - tropical regions * Most fruit grows on granny smith apple trees - small trees * Most fruit has acid - color - flavor - foul odor - growth curves - leathery skin - outer surfaces - peels - shapes - structures - vital nutrients * Most fruit has waxy coating * Most fruit helps balance diets * Most fruit holds many small seeds * Most fruit is produced by banana plants - papaya plants - loses moisture - makes up diets - occurs on plants - only becomes edible when the seed inside is mature - possesses seeds * Most fruit produces proteins * Most fruit promotes digestion - healthy digestion - protects mango seeds * Most fruit turns color - light color * Most fruits are a source of simple carbohydrates and vegetables provide complex carbohydrates - acids - excellent sources of potassium * Most fruits are low in fat and all are cholesterol free - and calories - sufficiently acidic to prevent the survival and growth of most pathogens - vegetables are fat-free * Most fruits have a better texture and flavor if packed in sugar or syrup - cleansing effect on the body's system - better flavor, color and texture if packed in sugar or syrup - lower GIs relative to white bread - require a lot of sun, but gooseberries can take some shade * Some fruit arises from flowers. * Some fruit attracts bears - bees - birds - hummingbirds - small birds - wasps * Some fruit causes death - diarrhea - comes from fruit * Some fruit contains aromatic oil - brazil nuts - carpels - centers - oblong nuts - substances - falls on forest floors * Some fruit grows in areas - gardens - landscapes * Some fruit grows on bushes - trunks - vines * Some fruit has acidity levels - antibacterial actions - cavities - chemical residues - electrical conductivity - eyes - hard shells * Some fruit has high acidity levels - lower sugar levels - minerals - vitamin minerals - holds water * Some fruit is eaten by aardvarks - monkeys * Some fruit is produced by angiosperms * Some fruit produces gases - liquids - reduces hunger - varies in shapes * Some fruits are apples, bananas, strawberries,and grapes - carried on the fur of mammals - edible and are eaten by animals and seeds are thrown away - hard like almonds and walnuts - modified as burrs that cling to animal fur - moist, hard to dry, and break down quickly - provided with hooks, spines, bristles, stiff hair,etc. on their outer coat - rich in calcium, magnesium and potassium * Some fruits are too acidic until they become ripened and sweet - large to be carried in the air, but can be rolled along by the wind - can ripen after being picked and maintain their nutritional quality for a while * Some fruits contain plumes of hairs which assist their dispersal - proteases - protein and fats as well - trapped air and are thus adapted to dispersal by water - continue to ripen after they've been picked - create mechanical force as they mature and forcefully eject their seeds - explode and disperse their seeds in surrounding area - fall in sterile regions - give off a gas during ripening called ethylene - grow singly while othersgrow in cluster or group like lanzones, and buko - have flower parts modified or fused to the ovary at maturity * Some fruits have many seeds inside, and some have only one seed - while others have one - make a smoother puree if they are cooked first with a little water, then pureed - open on their own while still in the tree, releasing their seeds - tend to brown when they are cut and exposed to air * also contain a single solid seed that is edible raw or dried and ground like grain - wide range of nutrients that can relieve stress - protein, but to a lesser extent * also contains carbohydrates and a small amount of protein and fat - flavonoids - phyllemblin and curcuminoides - contributes to the diet - controls tree height * also gives robins energy to fuel their long migration - the body simple carbohydrates to use for quick energy - good portion of eating healthy - has fructose, commonly called fruit sugar * also have fiber - no cholesterol and little or no sodium - provides potassium and folic acid - refers to children - squash easily if held for any length of time in bulk containers - to be bigger in a glass of water due to refraction * are a development of the ovary wall and sometimes other flower parts as well - good source of essential vitamins and minerals - particularly important food during early summer - preferred food of many birds * are a way of getting seeds to spread so the plant can reproduce - which many plants spread their seeds - about the size of apples, round and red * are achenes as in sunflower and dandelion - that are round to triangular in cross section - adapted to disperse seeds * are also a good source of sugar - great source of vitamins as well as providing a natural energy boost - an important summer source of carbohydrates - carbohydrate, but are closer in nature to sugar than most vegetables - excellent sources of carbohydrates - highly susceptible to cold injury - popular among many groups, like tropical bats and monkeys * are an adaptation for seed dispersal - evolutionary 'invention' which help seeds get dispersed by animals - example of the potential of pathogenic microorganisms to penetrate intact barriers - important aspect of tropical Asian diet - bait produced by plants to facilitate seed scattering - berries with many seeds inside the pulp - berries, drupes, and nuts, and contain three, or by suppression, one seed - carbohydrates, like sugar, dairy, grains, and starches - classified partly on the basis of how a. they are dispersed - colorful things like oranges, reds and purples - complex organs that are specialized for dispersal of seeds - defined by having the seeds within the flesh of the fruit - drupes that are bluish when ripe * are dry when somewhere between leathery and brittle - they are no longer sticky, but feel tough or leathery * are eaten by all the common song birds as well as game birds such as pheasants and grouse - animals, carried by wind and floated on water - edible and used as a source of chocolate substitute - edible, kernels used for soap and lubricants - especially important when insects are scarce in the winter months * are formed after the flower is fertilized with pollen - by the enlargement and maturation of the pistil * are good sources of fiber and several vitamins and minerals - water soluble vitamins - great fast foods that can be packed ahead of time - hallucinogens exciting the nervous system - high in carbohydrates, low in acids - important in our everyday life because they provide a healthy diet - important, but they're also a major source of simple sugars - intestinal cleansers - less likely to cause diarrhea if they are peeled immediately before being eaten - limited to thick skinned fruits, such as melons, oranges, grapefruit and bananas - low in calorie, high in vitamins, minerals and fiber - mass-produced on farms hundreds of hectares in size - more toxic than the foliage * are naturally low in fat and sodium, and also provide fiber - no longer healthy foods * are often a valued food source for wildlife - nubbins with poor flavor * are one of the food types that squirrels enjoy the most - richest natural sources of simple carbohydrates - poisonous and very laxative - products of matured flowers - prone to sun bleaching - relatively poor in magnesium, except for bananas, which are rich in magnesium * are rich in fiber, vitamin C and beta-carotene - potassium and iron - ripe when they burst thru their paper husks * are small berries eaten by wildlife - black cherries which can be used for jelly and wine making - sown in a slanting position in containers, keeping half of the fruit inside the mud - special containers with seeds inside, such as apples, grapes, watermelon, etc - sun-dried to optimize active polysaccarides which support healthy cellular function - susceptible from the time they form until harvest * are the female parts of a flowering plant - mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers - mature, seed-bearing ovaries of flowers * are the means by which angiosperm seeds are dispersed - angiosperms disseminate seeds - normal source of alkali in the diet - ripened walls of the ovary - second best source of most minerals after vegetables - vehicles that disseminate or disperse seeds away from the parent plant * are tiny achenes bearing bristles to aid transport by wind - equipped with white bristles to aid transport by wind - tiny, flattened achenes as in the sunflower - tolerant to stem scar water uptake, thus reducing incidence of soft rot caused by Erwinia - useful in floral arrangements - variable in color and texture * are very cleansing and are a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals - important sources of vitamin A and various carotenes - virtues such as love, joy, and peace, along with a host of others * attract animals to disperse the seeds. - birds and also eaten by small mammals * bats each fruit all the time. * bears seeds. * berry or drupe. * brown, edible nut enclosed in a spiny bur. * can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a nut - fleshy, such as in apples, or dry, such as in nuts and grains - soft like oranges or hard like nuts - grow to be larger than in diameter - play an important role in dispersal - weigh up to a pound * caps Cute children's hats inspired by fruits such as the strawberry. * capsule that looks like popcorn. * causes fruit. * come from the ripened ovary of a flowering plant. * come in a variety of shapes and colors, from dark green to stripes - many shapes and sizes * comes from a right relationship between the seed, sunshine, water, and good soil. * comprises a larger proportion of diet in unlogged forest compared to logged forest - apples, pears, grapes, and bananas, among others * compromise the majority of their diet with the remainder made up of invertebrates. * conduct electricity because it has water. * cone-like aggregate of red follicles. * consists of carpels * contain acids that act as salt bridges to conduct electricity - fructose, as well as sucrose and glucose - little protein and are low in fat - natural sugars that are thought to support the growth of yeast - seeds which are poisonous - sucrose that is turned into fructose and glucose - black seeds - fiber, vitamins and minerals that are imperative to our health - pectin naturally, but the amount decreases as the fruit ripens - reddish seeds - single large seeds - the seeds for the new plants to grow - very little sodium * crack when periods of warm weather and rain follow dry weather. * decompose rapidly in the body and require digestion in the small intestine. * develop from the flower of a plant and contain seeds - ovary wall of the flower after the plant eggs have been fertilized * develops after pollination causes hormonal changes. * develops from female flowers - single flowers * diet mainstay, and orangutans are important seed distributors. * don t kill people, people kill people. * double samara that matures in fall. * drops from forest trees - trees as their leaves begin to change colors * eating bats can find their food by the smell of the ripening fruit - have very good eyesight * emits an increasing amount of aromatic compounds as it gets riper. * enzymes help to fight diseases such as cancer - like bromelain from pineapples and papain from papayas also work to digest proteins * exhibit taenicidal action. * fat acorn. * flies a banana - cause major damage to citrus and other crops worldwide - displace sperm from previous mating * flies in Nauru - vials with media * flies like a bannana - an orange - apricots - medicate offspring after seeing parasites - one per fruit - reel like tiny gulls above the table, and pits shift inside their fruit * float at all stages and can disperse with water. * fly fauna in New Caledonia - Solomon Islands - Vanuatu - infestation and parasitization in Fiji - management in the Pacific * follicle, often with comose seeds. * form a part of our daily diet. * forms a sigificant portion of their natural diet. * give beauty, and so are important for women. * good source of vitamins, including vitamin C and folate. * grow in chains. * grown on trees and vines come from orchards, groves, and vineyards. - the branches because it is attached to the vine that pumps life into it - appearances - benefits - black color - brown skin - characteristics - contact - deep yellow skin * has excellent flavor - taste - firm texture - flavour - fuzzy brown skin - greenish skin - health benefits * has many benefits * has mild sweet taste - much sugar - ribs * has significant benefits * has similar appearances - smooth skin - sour taste * has spicy flavour - stamens - strong odor - tough skin - tropical aroma * have a unique way of hiding in the tree canopy even with a good summer pruning - almost no saturated fat and no cholesterol - good flavor and often used to make jams and jellies - larger plant cells because of water - more fibre than juices - various organic acids - vitamins and a healthy dose of fiber * help disperse the seeds of angiosperms. * husked nut and is often edible. * improves functions. * includes apples - figs - peach - raspberries - sections * infested with fly larvae are usually unsuitable for eating. * is also a good source of carbohydrate and fiber - minerals and vitamins * is also an important part of any diet, and can be part of a smoothie, shake or yogurt - the Indonesian diet - subsistence crop - the major staple of the spider monkeys diet in captivity - very important like oranges, apples, banana's , and the Asian pear * is an adaptation that helps ensure pollination - apple or other seasonal item - edible nut or nuts enclosed in a prickly covering - edible, banana-like berry that some say tastes like custard when ripe * is an excellent source of carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals - fiber, vitamins and minerals, and has zero fat * is an important part of their diet, though some species eat insects - resource in both montane and lowland forests * is another favorite of various bird species - food that is enjoyed on a daily basis, with as much variety as possible - born on one-year old branches - called a caryopsis or grain - capable of decay - central to the diets of both wild bonobos and chimpanzees - concentrated in large amounts in just certain trees at any given time - consequences - consumed by cattle and spread to new pastures * is created by plants - delicious when eaten right from the tree or prepared in recipes - dispersed by alien frugivorous birds * is eaten by birds - when soft, generally after a frost and has a mild flavor similar to a pear - edible for humans and wildlife alike - edible, which tastes like cheese, is eaten raw and relished by children and adult alike - edibles * is especially aromatic with cream-orange pulp - prone to insect infestation and disease - essential for both inner and outer beauty - favored as food for birds and normally is retained until the end of the year - formed on new growth - gay men - grown by individuals on a very small scale, for home consumption - harvested when changing colour and can hold for at least a week * is healthy food - for everyone, including people with diabetes * is high in enzyme content - pectin, giving sauce and paste natural thickness - highly palatable to many birds and mammals - in the citrus mold with some vanilla and spice - lighter than syrup - like oil to a car * is located in containers - fridges - jars - markets - mouths - pantries - plates - refrigerators - supermarkets - low in fat and contains healthful vitamins and minerals * is made from ovarian tissue in a plant and key characteristic of an angiosperm - into syrups, cordials, jams, jellies, wines and purees and is used to flavor vinegar - messy in the summer on female trees - naturally low in calories and contains little, if any, fat - nature's gift that grows on a tree Starting from a flower that is pollinated by a bee - of size, shape and color of an orange or lemon, with a smooth surface - often a subject of still life paintings * is poisonous to humans and livestock - livestock and humans * is popular with some birds, especially orioles - winter birds, especially the cedar waxwing, mockingbird, and robin - in midsummer on canes that developed during the previous growing season - throughout the harvest season on thorned canes - to attract animals into eating the fruit - when the female flower is pollinated, generally by insects - rich in vitamin C and has been used as a treatment for scurvy - size and shape of a small football, borne on trunk - small and is edible when cooked - solid objects - something produced that is plucked and benefits others - supplemented by leaves, flowers, bark * is the best source of quick carbohydrates - cultivated cranberry - developed ovary of the flower containing ripe seeds, whether fleshy or dry - liaison with foods - main part of their diet, but they also eat insects, frogs, and lizards - mature ovary whereas ovule develops into a seed, which contains the developing embryo * is the most easily digested food possible - important plant source for most of the year * is the natural product of a species which provides unmistakable identification - walking in the spirit * is the part of the plant that carries the seeds - that protects seeds as they grow - result of a long growing process - ripened ovary of a plant and it contains the seeds - source of a purgative called elaterium * is their favorite food, but they also eat insects and small animals such as birds - staple diet, but they also feed on leaves, seeds, young birds and eggs - typically sodium and cholesterol free and naturally low fat to fat free - used by foxes, deer, raccons, oppossums, skunks and songbirds * is used for consumption - cooking - decoration - eats - garnish - raw or cooked, used fresh when ripe or dried then as an aromatic flavouring - to produce a sour refreshing drink, when immature used to prepare an indelible stain - useful in gout, rheumatism and sub-acute cases of the spleen and liver * is very attractive to birds such as robins and cedar waxwings - important in the howler diet and is also a seasonal food source - what hangs on a tree when it is healthy and alive * is, because it's low in fat and calories and high in fiber and vitamins. * lasts for months - several months * legume and many have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules. * legume, which seeds are often eaten by songbirds. * litter problem in high-traffic areas, leaf spot in warmer zones. * lose their shape and can become mushy when thawed. * make up more of their diet from midsummer into fall, when fruits have ripened - most of the spider monkey's diet * matures in early summer - late summer * mixes with sugar. * natural source of sugar and additionally furnishs fiber in the diet. * naturally grows from a branch if it sticks to the vine - produces activity in our elimination systems * nut in a prickly bur. * nutlet enclosed in a hop-like paper sac - leathery sac - papery cone - woody cone that persists on branches - in a pendant, hop-like structure - subtended on a bract * nutritious and flavorful food. * offers benefits - the same nutrients as vegetables * often appear in desserts whereas vegetables generally are used in savoury dishes - persist unopened, and seeds are released when the fruit rots * persisting into winter provides color in the winter landscape. * play a very important part in the Indian diet. * pod containing many seeds, which turn red, orange, or yellow at maturity. * possesses benefits - various health benefits * produces as gas as it ripens that causes flowers to age faster * promote the dispersal of their content of seeds in a variety of ways. * protect dormant seeds and aid in their dispersal. * protect the seeds and function in dispersal - from harsh environmental conditions and aid in seed dispersal * provide food for wildlife - many nutrients including carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin C and potassium - starch, fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals * provide vitamins, carbohydrates, fiber, and protein - minerals, and dietary fibers * provides a covering for seeds - form of carbohydrate called fructose, which low glycemic carbohydrate * provides many benefits - nourishment - sweetener - values * pulpy edible berry. * puts out an invisible gas called ethylene. * rapidly soften and collapse, and their juices leak out. * reaches maturity. * releases seeds. * reproductive structure * rot after rain means southern blight - diseases of squash and pumpkin and their control - occurs when the berries come in contact with the soil - on greenhouse cucumbers usually begins at the blossom end of immature fruit - usually appears at the calyx end of the fruit * round ball of achenes - nutlets * serve as a protective container for plant seeds. * set in lychee is climate dependent and profoundly affected by temperature and humidity. * shows growth - powdery growth * sign of life and reality. * silique opening by two valves. * sometime refer to parts of the body. * source of sugar and juices are no exception. * starts in springs. * stored at higher oxygen levels also loses more acidity. * stores in refrigerators. * surrounds apple seeds * tasty, satisfying way to fill up on fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. * tends to dry out prematurely on trees on more vigorous rootstocks. * too have a natural affinity to maple, especially blueberries, strawberries and peaches. - gold color - green color * turns light color - purple color * typically ripens just as birds are preparing for seasonal migrations. * usually ferment when they start to spoil. * varies in size, shape, color and flavor, and has a musky, penetrating odor - color, quality and quantity * vary a great deal in how much pectin or pectin precursors are present - in the amounts of pectin and acid they contain * vinegars other than apple vinegar. * woody capsule that ejects seeds in the winter. * yields seeds. + Atlantic Giant: Cucurbitaceae * Atlantic Giant' is the name of a very large type of pumpkin. Fruit can grow to be larger than in diameter. The biggest Atlantic Giant ever grown weighed 1,725 pounds. + Coriaria nepalensis, Description: Cucurbitales :: Shrubs * Fruits are red to dark purple when mature. Fruits are produced from May to August but they cannot be eaten because their seeds are poisonous - ruscifolia, Uses * It is a very toxic plant. Fruits are hallucinogens exciting the nervous system. It is recommended as an ornamental + Food group, Common food groups: Nutrition + Frugivore, Plant and frugivore relationship: Animals * The fruit is part of a plant's sexual reproduction cycle. Plants spend a lot of energy and nutrients in creating fruit. Fruit is produced to attract animals into eating the fruit. The animal digests the pulp but not the seeds, ensuring the plant's genes are spread wherever the animal goes. Seeds can also be germinated by falling near the mother plant. + Fruit, Area of agreement * Many fruits come from trees or bushes. For plants, fruits are a means of dispersal, usually by animals. When the fruit breaks apart, the seeds can go into the ground and begin to grow. They have a large amount of dietary fibre. Fruits are usually low in protein and fat content, but avocados and some nuts are exceptions to this. So are many other groups of herbivorous mammals and many birds - Botanical fruits: * Since fruits are produced from fertilised ovaries in flowers, only flowering plants produce fruits. Fruits are an evolutionary 'invention' which help seeds get dispersed by animals + Parable of the budding fig tree, What it means: Parables of Jesus * New buds appear on the branches of trees when Winter ends. The buds open into blossoms and green leaves in Spring. Fruit starts to appear as Summer arrives. When the signs of the end of the age start to happen, it means Jesus will return soon. + Prunus japonica, Description: Plants of Asia :: Prunus * Every fruit has one seed. The plant usually grows from seed. + Seed dispersal	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit: Achene * are fruit - oblong in outline and have a white pappus that resembles white hairs * are the fruit embedded in a fleshy receptacle - true fruit in a strawberry - twisted or coiled - very hairy * have a double pappus, some have red-brown translucent ridges - little and tiny hair around surface which allow fruits to float on the water - several barbs attached * is fruit * minute, obovate and compressed or cylindrical, black or brown, minutely apiculate. * oblanceoloid, hairy, with soft white bristles at the tip. * ovate, flattened, smooth. ### plant part \| fruit \| achene: Samara * are bit larger than American elm but without the distinct notch and fuzzy margin. * is an achene	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit: Acorn * All acorns contain tannic acid or tannin - tannin - a substance once used to tan hides * Many acorns are consumed by insects, squirrels, small rodents, deer, and turkey and other birds. * Most acorns become oak trees - come from trees * Most acorns develop into oak trees - end up as meals for squirrels rather than new oak trees * Some acorns develop leaves - emerge in summer * also contain bitter tannin s, the amount varying with the species - make wonderful breads, foodstuffs, and staples * are a critical food source for Ozark black bears. * are a preferred food of wild turkey - wood ducks - source for feral swine in the fall * are a rich food and extremely important for the survival of many species of wildlife - source of fat, protein and starch - abundant and provide food for wildlife * are also edible to humans, after leaching of the tannins - rich in nutrients - sometimes prepared as a massage oil - an excellent source of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and calcium * are an important food for deer, squirrel, turkey, wood ducks, blue jays, etc - source of food for wildlife - attractive to animals because they are large and thus efficiently consumed or cached - dispersed by squirrels who gather the nuts - edible, but often contain large quantities of bitter substances - important food for wildlife - large, with bristly cups * are located in forests - ground - roofs - nearly hemispherical in shape and are enclosed at the base in a shallow cup - oaks - of value beyond being food sources * are one of the most important wildlife foods in areas where oaks grow - wildlife foods in areas where oaks occur - part of oak - resistant to insects and disease - seeds - still a cause of serious poisoning in livestock * are the fruit that falls from oak trees - major food source of white-footed mice during winter and are extensively cached * are the most important fall and winter food for the fox squirrel - food for wild turkeys - seeds of oak trees - too heavy for wind dispersal , and so require other ways to spread - used for making flour or roasted for acorn coffee - very hard food, and turkeys have no teeth - trees and trees become acorns * buried beneath the soil's surface also withstand a fire and sprout. * can be abundant in some years. * come from oak trees - white oak trees * disappear typically in late summer. * fall from the oaks and are quickly cached by squirrels and their kin - trees that grow in their neighborhood, and that means fall is coming - to the forest floor and grow to mighty oaks * float in water and mature in one season. * germinate in the fall after dropping. * have seeds - sweet kernals * includes acorn cups - sections * make up a large portion of a gray squirrel s diet. * mature and fall early - in two years * pagan homeschool newsletter. * produce excessive root growth before establishing top growth. * produced by different species of oak trees are in fact quite different - oaks provide a reliable, abundant food source * provide a seasonal food for wild turkeys, squirrels and small rodents - source of winter fat - food for wildlife and are used to fatten swine and poultry * require two years to mature. * sprout like other seeds, if they are still viable. * start out as a few cells at the tip of the branch. * take two growing seasons to mature. * usually grow at the end of a short stalk. + Acorn, Nutrition: Nuts * Acorns are one of the most important wildlife foods in areas where oaks grow. Creatures that make acorns an important part of their diet include birds, such as jays, pigeons, some ducks and several species of woodpeckers. Small mammals that feed on acorns include mice, squirrels and several other rodents. However, acorns are toxic to some other animals, such as horses.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### plant part \| fruit: Aggregate fruit * are formed from a single compound flower and contain many ovaries. * arise from several ovaries in one flower. * is fruit<\|endoftext\|>### plant part \| fruit: Almond * Most almonds grow on trees - have fiber. * The fruit of the almond has an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed or nut inside. Shelling almonds means removing the shell to get the seed. Almonds are sold either shelled or unshelled * also contain a fair amount of calcium - sterol * are California's largest tree nut crop in total dollar value and acreage - top food export-occupying more acreage than any crop other than grapes - Restricted products - almond trees * are also a great snack during the day, with good protein and healthy fat - high in Vitamin E and calcium - useful in medicine for uniting substances with water - an excellent high protein food, also rich in minerals - available whole, sliced, chopped, candied, smoked, in paste form, and in many flavors - drupes - edible fruit - either sweet or bitter - excellent sources of protein and they stop nausea, have a bag on hand at all times - far less likely to upset the stomach * are high in alpha-linolenic acid, which can speed the metabolism of fats - calcium, minerals, and dietary fiber - protein, fat, calories, vitamins, and minerals - just one of the many nuts that are produced and sold in many different forms - low in saturated fat, and like all plant food sources, are cholesterol free * are one of the great nuts - most nutritious foods around, loaded with calcium, potassium and magnesium - part of almonds - plants * are rich in protein and fibre with less fat - vitamin E, calcium and fiber - sodium and cholesterol free - th ekernel of the fruit of the almond tree * are the most widely-grown and eaten tree nut - only alkaline nuts * belong to same genus as plums, apricots, peaches. * burn easily. * can be good in small amounts - remain fresh for a long time * contain cyogenic glucocides, possible cancer inhibitors - more magnesium than oatmeal or even spinach - protein and all essential minerals for the human body * enhance virtually every food they grace with their distinctive taste and satisfying crunch. * even have a greater effect on the skin when eaten. * fight heart disease. * grow in California, the Mediterranean, Australia, and South Africa - the same range as do peaches, but bloom earlier * have a diverse use in cooking - on a cream to yellow-almond ground colour speckles in different colours - quality * includes kernels - sections * is stone fruit * require more bees than any other crop in the United States.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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