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### salt:
Iodised salt
* can prevent goiter.
* is the most common source of iodine in the Western Diet.
* very cheap and good way of getting the necessary iodine.
+ Table salt: Sodium compounds :: Chlorine compounds
* Iodised salt can prevent goiter. A Goiter is a disease of the thyroid gland, which can happen in parts of the world where there is little iodine.
* People only need a very small amount of iodine to prevent disease. Food crops usually get iodine from the soil, but some places around the world have low amounts of iodine. Iodised salt is a very cheap and good way of getting the necessary iodine.<|endoftext|>### salt:
Iodized salt
* contains a trace of sodium iodide
- some potassium iodide but the amount of potassium in it is insignificant
* is before the birds at all times
- mined from the land, as opposed to sea salt, and has iodide added to it
- recommended with high-nitrate feeds and for pregnant cows
- regular table salt with potassium iodide added
- safe, economic and proven effective in preventing iodine deficiency disorders
- the best means for providing iodine to iodine- deficient populations
* is the primary dietary source of iodine
- food source of iodine<|endoftext|>### salt:
Isocyanate
* All isocyanates are hazardous substances and require care in handling.
* are a hidden danger
- also strong skin sensitizers
- basic chemicals
- direct irritants to the respiratory tract
- irritants and the most common cause of occupational asthma
- widely used building blocks, acting as monosubstituted carbamoyl cation equivalents
* can be strong sensitizer, with exposure resulting in possible allergic reactions.
* is salt
* react slowly with water to produce carbon dioxide.
* require extra precautions for workers and occupants.
Low salt
* consuming populations also have high potassium intake.
* intake down-regulates the guanylin signaling pathway in rat distal colon.
Magnesium salt
* Some magnesium salt decreases absorption.
* draw fluid into the small bowel and cause movement of feces to the rectum.
* remain in the intestines and have a laxative effect.
Manganate
* are weak reducing agents and moderate oxidizing agents.
+ Manganese, Properties: Chemical elements :: Metals
* They are bright blue. They are very rare. They disproportionate too. Manganates are weak reducing agents and moderate oxidizing agents. They are bright green.
Mineral salt
* are also present in saliva
- found to be of much value
* build up over time to higher levels of disolved solids.
* can be both unsightly and damaging to plants.
* dissolves in water.
* is mined from thousands of feet below the surface in areas of old evaporated seas.
Molten salt
* are unique and unexplored media for organic reactions.
* conduct by movement of both anions and cations.
Nitrate salt
* Some nitrate salt uses in dentistry.
* are used as fertilizers to supply a nitrogen source for plant growth.
* can support combustion under certain conditions.
Orthophosphate
* are condensed and organically bound.
* react with molybdate and ascorbic acid to produce a blue color. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### salt:
Oxalate
* also have antinutrient properties.
* are among the commonest substances causing kidney stones
- compounds which prevent calcium absorption
- high in spinach, cocoa and tea
- kind of boring, well, until they crystallize with calcium to form kidney stones
- naturally-occurring substances found in plants, animals, and in humans
- particularly high in spinach, rhubarb, beets, strawberries, nuts and nut butters
- substances that bind calcium
- very acidic, and can irritate the mucous membranes of the vulva when overproduced
* bind dietary calcium and thus prevent the body from utilizing the calcium in the diet.
* by-product of digestion.
* byproduct of digestion.
* can irritate skin as well.
* combine with serum calcium to form insoluble calcium oxalate.
* exert two very different types of toxic effects.
* form tiny little insoluble crystals with sharp edges, which are irritating to tissue.
* interfere with calcium absorption.
* is also a culprit in kidney stone formation
- important in the diagnosis of kidney stones
- present in certain foods
- the calcium salt of oxalic acid, a crystalline substance
* naturally occurring substance found in food.
* serve to protect plant tissues from herbivores.
* substance found in many plants including spinach
- that binds calcium
* very hard substance formed in the body as a waste product.<|endoftext|>### salt:
Permanganate
* are chemical compounds
- purple-black
- the most toxic manganese compounds
* is salt
* stain because they are easily reduced to brown-black manganese dioxide.
+ Manganese, Safety: Chemical elements :: Metals
* Manganese dust can irritate lungs. Some manganese compounds cause toxicity when ingested. Manganese is less toxic than nickel or copper. Permanganates are the most toxic manganese compounds. When someone is exposed to manganese for a long time it can cause a problem with the nervous system.
* It is a strong oxidizing agent. Permanganates are purple-black. Permanganates stain because they are easily reduced to brown-black manganese dioxide.
+ Sodium permanganate, Safety: Sodium compounds :: Manganese compounds
* Permanganates are toxic. They are also strong oxidizing agents and should be kept away from things that can burn. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### salt | permanganate:
Potassium permanganate
- permanganates
* can induce a spontaneous abortion
- pose a hazard to eyes and skin during handling, so always wear gloves
- serve as a disinfectant and deodorizer and is used in water purification
* caustic alkali that oxidizes organic molecules in water.
* has the capacity to remove specific gases such as formaldehyde.
* is added as an oxidizing agent in reducing the odor levels
- dropwise to each
- to water during the treatment process to disinfect it
- an example
- another chemical for taste and odor control
- more common
* is used as an oxidizing agent
- to re-oxidize the ferrous ion back to ferric ion
* potent oxidizer and used as a disinfectant.
* used in pesticide products is derived from commercial producers.
+ Manganese, Properties: Chemical elements :: Metals
* Permanganates contain the MnO4- ion. They are normally purple-black and strong oxidizing agents. Potassium permanganate is an example.
+ Potassium manganate, Preparation: Potassium compounds :: Manganese compounds :: Manganates
* Sometimes oxygen or potassium nitrate is used as the oxidizing agent. This makes potassium manganate. Normally the potassium manganate is converted to potassium permanganate. Potassium permanganate is more common. Potassium iodide can reduce potassium permanganate to potassium manganate. It can also be made by reacting hot potassium permanganate with potassium hydroxide. This makes oxygen and potassium manganate
- permanganate, Uses, Chemical applications
* Potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent. It also is used in disinfectants and in deodorizers. It can be used to make many different kinds of chemicals. In waste water treatment, it is used to get rid of hydrogen sulfide, a stinky toxic gas. In analytical chemistry, an accurate concentration of KMnO4 is sometimes used to see how much of a certain reducing agent is in the titration. In a related way, it is used as a reagent for wood pulp | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### salt:
Phosphate
* All phosphate ores contain levels of fluorine which are toxic to animals.
* Most phosphate contains aluminum
- has phosphate
- phosphates are heavy, and none are hard
* Some phosphate contains fluorine
- phosphorus
- decreases excretion
* Some phosphate decreases urinary excretion
- phosphorus excretion
- destroys habitats
* Some phosphate has direct effects
- produces during reaction
- stays on land and cycles between organisms and soil.
* A 'phosphate' salt of phosphoric acid. Phosphates are important in biochemistry
* accumulate from living plants and animals, their byproducts, and their remains.
* act as a fertilizer and increase algae and aquatic weeds in waterways
- by reducing bone resorption of calcium and promoting renal calcium reabsorption
* also affect the flavor and texture as perceived by the taste testers.
* are also beneficial in controlling both fusarium and black rot
- essential compounds used as groups in the formation of DNA and bone tissue
- important ingredients of bone
- an important element in bone formation
* are another byproduct of the fertilizer industry
- pollutant when found in water
- chemical compounds that contain phosphorus
- essential to the energy-transfer reactions necessary to sustain life processes
- generally neutral in their effect on soil pH, and potassium carriers are basic
* are important chemicals
* are important to metabolism in both plants and animals
- in purple
- ingredients of some detergents
- laxatives
- made of one phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms
- most important, and limestone and marble are quarried
* are necessary for the action of zymase and have been called coenzymes of it
- to the growth of organisms and have extensive use as fertilizers
- nutrients that cause rapid growth of algae in bodies of water
- nutritious for all forms of life
- on the outside of the molecule
- one of the nutrients that cause plants to grow, including algae in our waterways
- phosphorous compounds
- the detritus of human wastes and garbage
* binds intestinal magnesium
* can also inhibit bacterial growth
- bond to the surface of the record and are environmentally damaging
- cause excessive algae in nearby surface waters
- harm plants and animals that live in water
- prevent scale from forming and depositing on the inside of water lines
* cause water pollution, especially in lakes and rivers.
* come from Calcium phosphate, a naturally occurring mineral in many soils
- mainly from human sewage
* constitute and important plant nutrient.
* create algae blooms in waterways.
* dominate the Senegalese mining industry and exports are a major foreign currency earner
* encourage algae growth, which can suffocate aquatic life.
* enter the water supply from many sources, including agricultural runoff and sewage
- system from household detergents and from fertilizers
* exist in cell membranes, enzymes, genetic material, and biological energy molecules.
* have excellent anti-galling properties as well
- many important roles in biological molecules
* help root development.
* increase algae growth and deplete the amount of oxygen in our lakes, rivers and streams.
* is chemical compounds
- inanimate objects
- soft drinks
* often become long-term constituents of the bottom sediments.
* produces substances
- such substances
- toxic substances
* promote eutrophication in natural waters.
* replace the carbonates in the buffering system.
* tend to be fixed to soil particles and therefore reach water courses when soil is eroded
- held at anion exchange sites
- remain attached to soil particles
* type of salt.
* ultimately can damage streams and rivers.
+ Phosphate, Structure: Phosphorus compounds | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### salt | phosphate:
Ammonium phosphate
* Some ammonium phosphates contain additional materials, such as sulfuric acid and urea.
* has a low to moderate toxicity.
* is added after color development to remove the ferric chloride color
- to remove the color due to the ferric iron
- inorganic compounds
- solids
- used in fertilizer to replenish nitrogen to the soil
* meet that criteria and supply some N as well.
Calcium phosphate
* calcium salt found in or derived from bones or bone meal.
* is phosphate
- the other product
- used to make fine chinaware
* makes up the inorganic part of bone and contributes hardness.
Excess phosphate
* can choke freshwater ecosystems.
* creates blooms of extensive algal growth.
* poses an environmental threat.
Inorganic phosphate
* Most inorganic phosphates are relatively nontoxic and essential nutrients.
* are relatively harmless.
* can come from weathering of rocks or it can be added in the form of fertilizer.
* is released by the hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides
Manganese phosphate
* is one of the best wear resistant coatings.
* runs a medium to charcoal gray, as does iron phosphate.
Organic phosphate
* are important in cellular energy storage and transfer
- nature
- phosphate sources in most soils
* come from once-living plants and animals.
* is phosphate that is bound to plant or animal tissue.
* part of living plants and animals, their by-products, and their remains.
* vary in stability and shelf life.
Rock phosphate
* Some rock phosphate contains fluorine.
* come available slowly, but steadily in an organic system.
* is great for root development
- mined
- simply further acid-treated to produce highly soluble triple superphosphate
Sugar phosphate
* Many sugar phosphates are important intermediates in photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism.
* are important intermediates in metabolism, functioning as activation synthases.
Zinc phosphate
* prevents corrosion from creeping or spreading under the painted surface.
* type of phosphate that is usually gray.
* white solid.
+ Zinc phosphate, Properties: Phosphorus compounds :: Zinc compounds
* Zinc phosphate is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It can react with strong acids to make phosphoric acid and a zinc salt.
Polyphosphate
* are salt
- simply long chains of orthophosphates
* cause polymerization of amino acids into peptides.
* consist of a series of orthophosphates that have been chemically joined together.
* differ slightly from the more common orthophosphate fertilizers.
* is salt
* soluble mineral compound which acts as a sequestering agent when added to water.
Potassium bromide
* are chemical compounds
- crystal
- ionic compounds
* is salt
* is used as a veterinary drug, as an antiepileptic medication for dogs
- in photography, engraving and lithography, and in medicine as a sedative
* salt, like sodium chloride, and can cause stomach upset.
* works by competing with chloride ions for access to brain tissues.<|endoftext|>### salt:
Potassium carbonate
* is basic and as such, is generally used in basic media
- carbonate
- found to effect the most enhancement of reaction rate at all compositions
- ionic compounds
* valuable nutrient for plants.
* white solid.
+ Potassium carbonate, Properties: Potassium compounds :: Carbonates
* Potassium carbonate is a white solid. It dissolves in water. It is similar to sodium carbonate. It reacts with acids to make carbon dioxide and a potassium salt. It does not dissolve in alcohol. It is basic. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### salt:
Potassium chlorate
* are chemical compounds
* is heated in a test tube
* key ingredient in many pyrotechnics, and potent oxidizing agent.
* strong oxidizing agent and can catch many things on fire.
+ Potassium chlorate, Safety: Potassium compounds :: Chlorine compounds
* Potassium chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent and can catch many things on fire. When it is mixed with sulfur or phosphorus, it burns very easily. Many other chemicals can make dangerous mixtures with potassium chlorate.
Potassium salt
* Is the most widely used form.
* are also a common component of fertilizers
- essential for both animals and plants
- extremely toxic when injected
* can replace sodium salts.
* have many commercial uses.
Pure salt
* Some pure salt conducts electricity.
* consists of the elements sodium and chlorine.
* is avoided as particular colors of salt indicates the presence of different impurities.
Refined salt
* All refined salt is, by law, only sodium chloride with all the trace minerals removed.
* maintains the nutritive and organoleptic qualities of fodder.
Road salt
* can be in run-off from roads and, to a lesser extent, sidewalks.
* can cause irritation
- white lines on shoes, which are especially noticeable on leather
- do damage to bridges
- lead to problems for some lawn grasses
- result in corrosion that causes pits to form on front lower coils
* is mined from natural deposits in the ground and is the same as table salt.
* needs to be washed from animals' feet.
* used on roads in the winter can wash into waterways.<|endoftext|>### salt:
Salicylate
* All salicylates share substantially the same side effects.
* Some salicylates alter prostaglandin synthesis.
* also decrease the uricosuric effect of sulfinpyrazone and probenecid
- retard the renal elimination of methotrexate
* are a family of drugs that reduce inflammation and pain
- prostaglandin inhibitor
- antioxidant
- common in foods like candy, pies, soft drinks, and sweet rolls
- compounds that inhibit the formation of blood clots
- locally corrosive, and tablets can form bezoars near the gastric outlet
* can be fatal to cats
- cause congestive failure when taken in the large doses used for rheumatic diseases
- complicate surgery, pregnancy, labor and delivery, and illness
- produce changes in the thyroid function tests
* decrease the ability of the nerve endings in the skin to sense pain.
* directly stimulate the medulla and cause hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis.
* have only recently bee recognized as potential growth regulators in plants.
* increase the effects of oral anticoagulants.
* is salt
* occasionally cause asthma in people who are sensitive to aspirin
- trigger asthma
* reduce renal function.
* work by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins.
### salt | salicylate:
Acetylsalicylic acid
* can prevent niacin-induced flushing.
* has one acidic hydrogen.
* is the active ingredient in aspirin.
* reduces pH-induced excitation of rat cutaneous nociceptors, in vitro. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### salt:
Sea salt
* Make a gargle of sea salt and water and use several times a day.
* Some sea salt contains iodine
- has effects
* can be too high in sodium
- increase the general hardness, but only moderately
* combined with a rich cream exfoliate the skin to a velvety smoothness.
* comes in many levels of processing.
* contains many compounds, including various nitrates and fluoride.
* has a very different taste than the rock salt most people are used to
- many additional minerals, such as calcium, that ordinary table salt lacks
* is also coarse and along with kosher salt is more flavorful than table salt
- from evaporated sea water and the flavor varies according to where it comes from
- just natural reside from sea water usually without additives
- made by evaporating sea water
- more nutritious than regular salt
- one of nature's best exfoliating ingredients
- produced as waves wash over rocks and recede leaving pools of water
- said by many to be the best salt
* is the compound remaining when sea water is evaporated
- only natural salt available today
- unsuitable for nose cleansing
- used to regulate the natural aging process
- very popular with the natural food folks
* mineral that has been used as a flavoring and preservative since ancient times.
* product of the evaporation of sea water.
* remove dead skin cells.
* very corrosive substance to brass.
Silicate
* Some silicates form during metamorphism such as garnet.
* are a decisive factor in the healthy development of plants
- abundant mineral compositions on earth's surface
- relatively hard and generally insoluable in acids
* are the major rock-forming minerals
- most common minerals on Earth
* change into the crystalline state due to the effect of thermally annealing.
* contain silicon, oxygen and water.
* fall within the middle range.
* is salt
Silver salt
* Most silver salts are light sensitive
- light-sensitive
* Some silver salt uses in dentistry.
* are present in the silvering compounds used for clock and barometer dials
- the basic image capture and forming materials in photography
* can stain and burn the skin.
Sodium benzoate
* are chemical compounds.
* has activity against yeast, mold, and bacteria.
- the sodium salt of benzoic acid
- used as a preservative in many condiments, such as relishes and salad dressings
* sale food preservative that has been in use for years.
* slightly hygroscopic, white, odorless or nearly odorless product.
* stops contamination by microbes.
Soluble salt
* All soluble salts are strong electrolytes.
* appear to be moving away from the point of injection.
* are minerals dissolved in water.
* can interfere with water uptake and cause burning on the tips of leaves and flowers.
* pull moisture from the air, causing protective coatings to fail.
* refers to the amount of soluble ions in a solution of compost and water.
* restrict the availability of water to the plant.
Sulfate salt
* Many sulfate salts can react in air to form dilute acid, which can irritate eyes.
* Most sulfate salts are soluble.
* are the most potent.
* precipitate where evaporation of high sulfate water occurs.<|endoftext|>### salt:
Sulphate
* also occur where hot waters are forced through the rock , as with geysers.
* assimilated by plants are incorporated into amino acids and then to proteins.
* is bulky and disrupts helix formation so acts as a helix breaker
+ Minerals, Chemical properties, Definite chemical makeup, Sulphates: Natural resources
* These contain the sulphate group SO4. Sulphates commonly form in evaporites where highly salty waters slowly evaporate, allowing sulfates and halides to precipitate where the water evaporates. Sulphates also occur where hot waters are forced through the rock, as with geysers. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### salt | sulphate:
Copper sulphate
* consists of positive copper ions and negative sulphate ions.
* is poisonous, but it is blue colored.
* is used as a fungicide and as a trace element in fertilisers
- widely as an agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification<|endoftext|>### salt:
Table salt
* Most table salt contains sodium
- is fortified with iodine
* Some table salt is fortified with iodine.
* chemically simple combination of two components, sodium and chlorine.
* combination of sodium and chlorine.
* common and necessary part of our daily diet.
* contains a large number of additives
- additives that make a cloudy brine and off color pickles
- an anti-caking ingredient
- potassium and iodide
* dissolves in water.
* fine-grained refined salt with additives that make it flow freely.
* has iodine and additives that make it free flowing.
* increases average levels of blood pressure.
* is about one-half sodium
- compound made from the element sodium and the element chlorine
- condiments
- just one source of sodium
- made of sodium
* is made up of sodium and chlorine
- two compounds sodium and chloride
- obtained from saline sea water through evaporation, in evaporation ponds
- one of the largest sources of sodium in our diet
- slightly hygroscopic
- sodium chloride
* is the compound sodium chloride
- main dietary source of sodium
* is the most common food that contains both chloride and sodium
- concentrated form of sodium
* major source of sodium, which is the water holding mineral of the body.
* typical evaporated salt product.<|endoftext|>### salt:
Tartar
* are crust
- plaque
- rivers
* becomes a focal point of irritation of the gums.
* breeding ground for bacteria.
* causes gums to become inflamed, red, sore, and sometimes bleed.
* encourages the growth of rather more dangerous types of bacteria.
* general name for general tribes in Asia.
* is plaque that has hardened on our teeth
* makes gums unhealthy and makes more bacteria grow on the teeth.
* mineral-impregnated bacterial plaque.
+ Tooth, Disease of teeth: Teeth
* Plaque is the soft white substance that forms on teeth when they are not cleaned. It has bacteria in it that hurt enamel. If plaque is not cleaned off, after 2 days it can become tartar. Tartar makes gums unhealthy and makes more bacteria grow on the teeth.
Tartrate
* Some tartrates precipitate out during primary fermentation, and the wine becomes more stable.
* are chemical compounds
* is salt<|endoftext|>Sample
* Most samples contain atoms.
* are examples
- natural objects
- provided by teams
* collect from sites.
- insect specimens
* display opposite patterns
* exhibit characteristics
- different characteristics
- surface characteristics
* have characteristics
- concentration
- mass
- properties
- results
- similar characteristics
* include blood.
* indicate differences.
* is an example
* mean - the mean of the sample.
* require conditions
- examinations
- further examinations
* reveal little variation
* shed light.
* show behaviour
- chlorophyll
- different behaviour
- lower chlorophyll
- mechanical behaviour
- reaction
- subtle differences
- symptoms
- trends
* support growth patterns
* use in experiments
- protocols
- standard protocols<|endoftext|>### sample:
Coupon
* are a selling tool often used to promote overpriced convenience goods
- sort of currency
- certificates that give buyers certain savings on their purchases
- coupons
- currency of sorts
- legal tenders
* are located in markets
- newspapers
- part of newspapers
* are the interest paid on that particular bond
- most elementary method of advertising, giving to get
* is the ability to receive coupons of their choice delivered directly to their email address.
* leading online coupon source for consumers.
Water sample
* have concentration.
* show chlorophyll | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
Sanctity
* comes by association with the saints.
* is quality
* means holiness or godliness.
### sandy skeletal:
Hinckley soil
* are sandy skeletal.
* have rock fragments consisting of granite, gneiss and schist
- dominated by granite, gneiss, and schist
Saprobe
* are essential to life on earth because a
- organisms that get nutrients by breaking down the remains of dead plants and animals
* derive their nourishment from dead organic material.
* get their nutrients from nonliving matter.
* is an organism<|endoftext|>Saprophyte
* absorb nutrients from dead leaves, on rotting wood, or in dung or compost heaps.
* are organisms that act as rainforest decomposers
- very significant in that they can have positive and negative impacts
* break down dead plants and animals.
* decompose detritus completing the cycle.
* derive their nutrients from decaying organic matter.
* feed on dead or decaying material and are important nutrient recyclers.
* grow in mulch on the forest floor.
* is an organism
* obtain their food from dead organic matter.
### satellites:
Geostationary satellite
* are satellites.
* can see each other and so can transmit data from one to another.
* form a belt around the celestial equator.
* move in an east-west orbit.
* offer virtual networks.
* remain over the equator, stationary with respect to the earth.
* take photos of the earth at hourly intervals.
* tend to drift over time from their appointed positions in space.
Navigation satellite
* are satellites.
* can locate a position on earth within a few yards.
* have highly-stable radio receivers and transmitters.
* help pilots and sailors find their exact positions in all kinds of weather.
### satisfaction:
Fulfillment
* comes from releasing one's inner potentials and becoming one's self.
* is satisfaction.
* lies in a reality above the human world.
Saturated compound
* hold all the hydrogen they can i.e. single bonds.
* react with other compounds by undergoing substitution reactions.
### saws:
Hacksaw
* are saws
- tools
* feature replaceable, hardened blades with fine teeth.
### scalar field:
Charge density
* Charge densities are the diagonal elements of the density matrix
- give a measure of the charge on an atom
* scalar field.<|endoftext|>Scarecrow
* Some scarecrows wear uniforms.
* are sometimes characters in stories.
* can be male or female.
* includes sections.
* protects against garden intruders day and night.
* senses animals the same way security lights and alarms detect people, movement and heat
- lights detect people, movement and heat
+ Scarecrow, Scarecrows in stories and literature: Agriculture
* Scarecrows are sometimes characters in stories. The most famous storybook scarecrow is probably the one in 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz' by L. Frank Baum.
Scheme
* are concepts
- evil
- mental structures or programs that guide a developing sequence of thinking
- organisations which coordinate, support and resource individual family day carers
- plans
- programming language
* includes hierarchies.
* plan of action | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme:
Economy
* All economies have limited resources no matter how rich a country is
- undergo stress and shock from time to time
* Any economy consists of the basic interactions between buyers and sellers.
* Distinguish between money and barter systems.
* Economies are global
- purely relationships of convenience
- systems designed by people
- based on consumption expand fast but also collapse fast
- consist of networks of interacting producers and consumers
- continue to expand, productivity is up, and pollution is declining
- depend on and impact upon their environments
* Economies exist because people exchange goods and services for money
- primarily to distribute wealth
- expand, and governments benefit from increased tax revenues
- grow when population grows because labor is an important resource
- grow, and growth makes for great investment opportunities
- once dominated by the public sector are freer and more private-sector oriented
- operate in cycles
- tend to grow in cycles
* Explain the role, practice, and extent of subsistence farming in Africa.
* Many economies are also dependent on reefs and their products.
* The part about demographics of religion in the people section might be better in the religion section. In the culture section it only mentions people who are important in culture and about the language German in the past. Economy is kinda small for it to have a whole section.
* deals with the fundamental problem of human survival.
* includes hierarchies.
* is achieved by saving time, fuel and labor
- affected by population size and density
- efficiency
- frugality
- necessarily an attribute of benevolence in all minds
- spending
* is the art of making the most of life
- development locomotive that supports the wide spread of knowledge
- management and use of resources to meet household and community needs
- weapon in the face of which all other weapons are useless
- work of the free market
* natural part of life.
* refers to market viability.
* relates to establishment and ongoing management costs.
### scheme | economy:
Capitalist economy
* Capitalist economies are dependent on an expansion of the gross national product in order to thrive
- have a long history of overinvestment in hot new technologies
* is economy<|endoftext|>### scheme | economy:
Free enterprise
* includes the freedom to organize as a unit to bargain collectively.
* is economy
- part of America and selling liquor is part of the American economy
* is the best path to prosperity and allows all who work hard to succeed
- core of our great nation, the longest running democracy in history
- engine of the Argentine economy
- oxygen that fuels our democracy
* limits the scope of democracy.
* means to engage in enterprise freely.
* produces automobiles faster than socialism can build roads and road capacity.
* way of life.
Fuel economy
* decreases as speeds go up.
* is affected by improperly aligned tires
- also an issue in picking a motor
Global economy
* Global economies give rise to global marketing
- mean real global connections
* Most global economies go into recession.
* is dominated by pyromaniacs who burn ever more huge amounts of fossil fuels.
* seems to dwarf the earth gradually.
Human economy
* Human economies strive to maximize the use of nature's resources for our own ends.
* Most human economies are unable to manage abundance.
Industrialism
* are economy.
* combined with advanced technology influences the size and complexity of our society.
- evil because it brings idleness both to the capitalist class and the working class
- the economic organization of the collective American society | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | economy:
Market economy
* Market economies are a proven way to organize a large number of individuals into a productive group
- best at finding and making use of possibilities for substitution
- by their very nature friendly towards communities and eco-systems
- deal quite nicely with limitations on natural resources
- differ from subsistence economies in their size and motive for production
- feature a complex interrelationship between different markets and sectors
- operate to perceived global rules
- represent the path to prosperity worldwide
- spur the technological and social progress essential to the Extropian philosophy
- tend to flourish in democratic settings
- work best when the prices accurately reflect the full costs of goods and services
* determines everything, there is no other value in life.
* political choice widely shared within the society.
Mixed economy
* Mixed economies are simply a mixture of market and planned economies
- vary greatly in their private-public sector mix
* is economy
Modern economy
* Every modern economy depends increasingly on electricity supply.
* Modern economies run on fossil fuels
- thrive on creating demand, rather than responding to it
Private enterprise
* have a potentially important place to enhance performance in public economies.
- only private property at large
- typically the fuel of economic development
* operates in most sectors of the economy.
Traditional economy
* Traditional economies suffer from unfavorable terms of trade.
* is one based on self-sufficiency, with barter as the form of trade.
World economy
* World economies have an increasing impact on our economy.
* dominates every aspect of national economic life. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme:
Ecosystem
* All ecosystems adjust in response to change in an attempt to maintain a state of dynamic balance.
* All ecosystems are linked within the planetary biosphere
- open, that is, they exchange biotic and abiotic elements with other ecosystems
- collectively form the biosphere
* All ecosystems depend on a continuous stream of energy from the sun
- upon a diverse group of species to survive
- exist as a balance between biotic and abiotic factors
- have organisms that play the same roles
* All ecosystems have the ability to withstand stress
- same parts
- three characteristics in common
- involve the transfer of energy from one organism to another
- rely on a particular nutrient that is in short supply
- together make up the biosphere, the thin layer of life that encircles the earth
- use sunlights as their primary source of energy
* Any ecosystem product of physical, biological, and chemical processes.
* EcoSystems addresses our connection to nature, natural cycles, animals, and the Earth.
* Every ecosystem contains species of plants and animals
- depends on the continual flow of natural cycles
* Every ecosystem has a different food chain, depending on which animals and plants live there
- dynamic structure, a unique web of life
* Every ecosystem is controlled, somewhat, by local, regional, and global geologic processes
- interconnected with all other members of the system
* Many ecosystems play a crucial role in chemical cycling that keeps the ecosystems in balance
- provide several different goods and services to society
* Most ecosystems are extremely complex, containing many different kinds of biological relationships
- moderately to highly sensitive to changes in climate
- derive their energy directly or indirectly from the sun
* Most ecosystems get energy from the sun
- their energy from the sun
* Most ecosystems have a number of different primary pro- ducers
- only four trophic levels, and the top carnivores are very rare
- primary producers , primary consumers , secondary consumers , and decomposers
- start with the sun's energy creating photosynthesis
* Some ecosystems are microscopic and the largest comprises the biosphere
- more resistant to acid rain than others
- depend on sharks
- have four or more levels of consumers
- produce more than others
- provide fish
- rely on other energy sources however
* also have complex system cycles because community assembly follows a complex cycle
- provide places for recreation and learning
- regulate local and global climate
* are also spatial and temporal
- always more stable if they have more biodiversity
- both fragile and complex
- capable of complete recycling
* are communities of interacting organisms and the physical environment in which they live
- living things undergoing evolution
- organisms and their abiotic environment
* are complex and can be viewed on different scales or levels
- diverse, with many levels and intricate relationships between organisms
- dynamic entities that use energy, produce wastes and recycle nutrients
* are complex and the complexity can be difficult to study
- parts are interrelated
- associations of organisms that have evolved together over time
* are composed of communities of plants and animals and their physical environment
- living things and the physical environment with which they interact
- crucial to human survival and well-being
- dependent on interrelationships within the environment
* are dynamic and constantly changing, just as populations and communities are
- in space and time
* are dynamic, and characterized by changes
- complex, and difficult to define or delimit in space and time
- their properties and species compositions change over time
- ever-changing and interdependent
- extraordinarily dynamic, complex, and unpredictable
- extremely complex and interlinked
- fairly robust and can cope with fluctuations in climate over the year
- functions of the past
- geographic areas defined by biologically significant environmental boundaries
- groups of plants and animals and their nonliving environment such as air and water
- highly vulnerable to the projected rate and magnitude of climate change
- important in terms of understanding the causes and impacts of global change
- in a constant state of change
- indispensable for the support of life, and essential to our wellbeing
- influences both by biotic and abiotic factors
- large and complex
- living communities
* are made of parts that function together
- up of both living and nonliving factors
- most vulnerable to disruption at their edges
* are natural conveyor belts in which the living re-cycle waste and dead products
- resources including animals and plants interrelated in the environment
- necessary for the survival of the planet
- numerous and complex
* are open systems that can and do change and interact with one another
- through which energy flows and materials are cycled
- open, within the biosphere
- powered by the sun
- process-oriented and more easily seen as temporally rather than spatially ordered
- self-contained regions that include both living and nonliving factors
- self-organizing
- specific environments where there well-organized food web
- structures
* are the basic ecological units within the biosphere
- context of speciation
- mainstay of all life on Earth
- parts of nature most strikingly analogous to cities
- plant and animal communities living together in a given area
- unaffected by organic evolution
- unique mixtures of plants and animals that are connected through food chains
- very complex
- workshops of evolution
* begin with the establishment of a biofilm.
* breakdown and collapse with the loss of diversity.
* can be as small as a rotting log or as large as an ocean
- rotting log or as large as the whole world
- large or small
- reasonably stable over hundreds or thousands of years
- regenerative
* can be very large or very small
- large, or very small, but they are all fragile
- change over time in response to physical conditions or interactions among organisms
- endure large stresses
- show a complex relationship between the living and non-living factors
* change constantly through natural succession
- little over time
* circulate, transform, and accumulate energy through structures.
* come in a variety of sizes
- three types
* comprised of different kinds of microorganisms living together are known as consortia.
* consist of non-living and living components
- the interactions between biotic and abiotic processes
- various components
* contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts
- interconnected food chains known as food webs through which energy flows
* depend on fungi as decomposers and symbionts.
* exist in a delicate balance which has evolved over millions of years.
* form distinct regions on Earth's surface, which vary in size, shape, and complexity.
* function across many scales.
* generally experience a mix of all three.
* go through constant change.
* grow and reproduce.
* have bursts of creation followed by slow death, extended by renewed bursts of creation
- contiguous volume
- impact on aerosol distributions
- many different processes, some of which take very long times to come to fruition
- no particular size
- structure, like the rows of stone in a pyramid
- their own unique climax communities
* includes hierarchies.
* interact with each other
- other ecosystems through the exchange of matter and energy
- the atmosphere, adding and subtracting gases
* involve complex feedback interactions between the environment and numerous species
- systems of biological controls over pests and pathogens
* make up biomes, which compose the biosphere
- the biosphere, which includes all life on Earth
* naturally change with time.
* normally evolve slowly.
* occur at various scales.
* perform many important functions
- services essential to our existence
* possess mosquitoes
- several mechanisms for self-healing
* provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend
- mankind with numerous benefits
- many essentials including food, materials, medicines, energy and water resources
* receiving more nitrogen than the plants require are called nitrogen-saturated.
* refer to the web of plants and animals across a wide scale of size and area.
* regenerate, withstand, and are forever adapting to fluctuating environments.
* reorganize themselves in response to human actions.
* require constant inputs of from sunlight or chemicals.
* respond differently to long-term, gradual change than to abrupt episodic change.
* rule the net world as well as the biological world.
* serve humans because they provide natural functions.
* strive for balance.
* sustain natural processes such as soil creation and the oxygenation of air and water.
* tend to be linked in space by unidirectional flows
- more resilient near the equators and less so nearer the poles
- change with time until a stable system is formed
- have cyclic fluctuations around a state of equilibrium
- toward maturity
* typically contain many complex interactions that occur simultaneously.
* vary greatly in size and characteristics.
* vary in diversity
- size and can be as small as a puddle as large as a forest | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | ecosystem:
Aquatic ecosystem
* account for roughly half of the global production of carbon on a yearly basis.
* are dynamic natural systems that respond to change, either manmade or natural
- home to an abundant array of plant and animal life
- impacted by a broad range of human activities
- more sensitive to pollutants than terrestrial
* are particularly at risk from introductions of exotic species
- vulnerable to the impact of permethrin
- some of the most intricate and intriguing found in nature
- streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and reservoirs
- the most at risk
- very rich in lifeforms
* contain a wide variety of species each dependent on others for their survival.
* go through a natural aging process once they are formed.
* perform many important environmental functions.
Business ecosystem
* involve communities of people and companies coevolving together.
* span a variety of industries.<|endoftext|>### scheme | ecosystem:
Coastal ecosystem
* are critical habitats, nurturing many species of plants and animals
- diverse and productive, and subjected to ever increasing pressures
- dynamic, diverse areas of enormous ecological significance
- highly dynamic, diverse areas of enormous ecological significance
- important economically for tourism and recreation
- incredibly unique and constantly changing with the tide
- one of the richest locations of marine biodiversity
* can act as a buffer against tsunamis.
* occur at the interface between land and sea.
* protect land-based communities from natural disasters.
* tend to have very high biological productivity.
Different ecosystem
* are characterized by different biotic and abiotic factors.
* produce food at different rates.
Forest ecosystem
* Many forest ecosystems are fire dependent.
* act as sink as well as source of carbon for the atmosphere
- sources and sinks of carbon dioxide at the same time
* are dynamic and ever changing
- more than trees
- productive of critical life support systems
- quite variable throughout the range of the northern spotted owl
* play a key role in protecting the environment.
* provide a diversity of plant, animal, and fungal species.
Freshwater ecosystem
* are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems
- both disproportionally rich and disproportionally imperiled
* consist of moving bodies of water such as rivers, streams, ponds and lakes.
* have already or are likely to be highly modified.
* occupy less than one percent of the earth's surface.
* tend to have the highest proportion of species threatened with extinction.
Healthy ecosystem
* are biologically diverse, have complex interrelationships, and are sustainable
- good for our environment
- the foundation for strong fish and wildlife communities
* can tolerate periodic disturbances.
* clean the air and water.
* mean healthy people which mean a healthy economy.
* provide vital goods and services to humans and other organisms.
Large ecosystem
* present some of the most difficult problems of environmental science and policy.
* provide opportunities for learning from and about the real world.
Marine ecosystem
* Some marine ecosystems appear to be affected on a large scale by mobile gear.
* are biologically complex and respond to many
- complex, with layer upon layer of interdependent relationships
* are home to many kinds of living things that occur nowhere else
- phyla that live nowhere else
Mountain ecosystem
* are also fragile
- very sensitive to climatic changes
- important reservoirs of biodiversity
* contain considerable biodiversity and are home to many endangered species.
Pond ecosystem
* are home to many organisms that live in or near the water.
* serve as important habitats for various aquatic and terrestrial species. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | ecosystem:
Riparian ecosystem
* are important to regional bio-diversity
- prime habitats for many game and non-game species of wildlife and fish
* contain many of the highest value non-timber resources in the natural forest.
* exist along several permanent and intermittent waterways.
Sustainable ecosystem
* are in everyone's interest, and they are everyone's responsibility
- multi-dimensional
* have biodiversity.
Terrestrial ecosystem
* All terrestrial ecosystems are, therefore, relatively young in the Bahamas.
* Most terrestrial ecosystems are N-limited.
* are an important part of the climate system.
* are classified by the type of land or terrestrial area
- into several types
- subject to similarly adverse impacts from eutrophication
- very complex, and research has only been able to cover a few aspects
* draw carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it in photosynthesis.
Tropical ecosystem
* are critical reservoirs of biodiversity.
* contain the largest concentrations of earth's biological diversity.
* tend to have the greatest diversity of species.
Irrigation scheme
* Some irrigation schemes use large quantities of water in sub-optimal areas.
* can be crucial to long-term agricultural sustainability. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme:
Network
* Most networks have a single point of contact to the Internet
- one central point of administration, that is, one administrative region
- transfer data in two directions and are known as duplex communications links
* Most networks use a combination of cable and wireless media to link computers
- electrical wires of some special kind toconvey signals and data betweencomputers
* NetWORK is an ongoing process of keeping a personal network in good repair
- our term for the work of establishing and managing personal relationships
* Some networks also have domains that are based on their country of origin
- are small, involving as little as two computers
- become complex with the presence of many gateways or bridges
* Some networks implement a local bus topology
- logical ring topology
- only have a limited connection to the Internet
- represent the geographical breakup of various manufacturing steps in a factory
- use proxies and firewalls to control Internet access
* act together like a single network.
* allow businesses to save money by sharing resources
- information to be shared and processed by multiple users at any one time
- machines and people to work together more effectively
* allow people to communicate, and work cooperatively
- share information and equipment
- work from the comforts of their own home or even while traveling
- the organization to communicate to another more quickly and conveniently
* allows companies to share information, applications, printers, and other equipment.
* also allow for the transfer of data from one system to another.
* are a high speed method of transferring data from one computer to another
- unique attribute of the nervous system and to a lesser extent the endocrine system
- useful formalism to represent, catalog, and analyze biological information
- about sharing
- abstract structures that model binary structures
- also systems, such as the telecommunications network, or the Internet
- among the most important infrastructure elements for information and communication
- communication systems
- complex things
- complicated data structures
- critical to the efficient practice of law
- cyber associations generally build at a regional level
- dinosaurs
- dynamic entities
* are everywhere in our world
- the world of business
- exclusive groups connected through focusing on specific, explicit and shared interests
- fundamental to supporting business goals
- important in one's professional development, irrespective of the career phase
- lines of communication that people use to get things done
- nodes linked together.in order to do something, to achieve a purpose
- of vital importance in the workplace
- organizations
- patterns of communication, they control the flow
- prevalent in every part of society
* are the arteries for information exchange
- links that connect needs with opportunities
* are the organizations of the future at work today
- tomorrow at work today
- underlying infrastructure for pervasive computing
- to computers what the telephone system is to people
- topologies that connects computers over a large area
- ways for computers to communicate with each other
* attempt to predict word sequences one word at a time.
* behave more like biology than machines.
* caching applies server-like functionality to solve the network congestion problem.
* can also be parts of bigger networks
- be as small as two computers or as large as hundreds
* can have different physical and logical topologies
- tens, thousands, or even millions of nodes
- range in magnitude, and type
- take many different physical forms
* carry digital information, such as voice, video, data, and images
- signaling information used to manage telephone calls
* carrying multimedia, voice, data, and video traffic define the modern network architecture.
* come in different sizes, and different kinds of networks utilize different protocols.
* computing architecture is another way of describing distributed computing.
* connect people as well as devices.
* consist of people who are connected by common interest.
* contain layers of units, with connections between the units.
* create informal lines of communication.
* ease the cost of communicating with the outside world also.
* emerge as people engage with others based on their values.
* enable computers to communicate with each other
- share files and resources and exchange messages
* exhibit positive consumption and production externalities.
* explains how to install and maintain networks.
* form the infrastructure of the modern world.
* have shapes, and the shape a network takes has much to do with the way it functions.
* help businesses and individuals speedily share information.
* imply a transfer of information, a communication between parts.
* includes hierarchies.
* increase productivity, efficiency, and increases communication amongst users.
* is both a noun and a verb.
* link work to personal values, the most compelling source of motivation without coercion.
* make use of multiple sources of information.
* object A networked device, application, process or information resource.
* occur when computer systems are connected together.
* place for people to express how they feel about different issues.
* play an important role in efficiency and data sharing within a company.
* produce increasing quantities of data in the form of data streams.
* provide the pathways by which computers share information and coordinate their tasks.
* refers to how linear features are connected together, like roads or streams.
* routers direct traffic between different networks.
* serve as the nervous system for today's fast-paced business environment.
* spoofing is an ingenious way for an intruder to gain access.
* stretch across societies that have different values and traditions.
* tend to flatten out communication patterns.
* tie personal records together and people worry about the privacy of their data.
* turn computers into communication machines.
+ Computer network
* Computers can be part of several different networks. Networks can also be parts of bigger networks. The 'local area network' in a small business is usually connected to the 'corporate network' of the larger company. Any connected machine at any level of the organization may be able to access the 'Internet', for example to demonstrate computers in the store, display its catalogue through a web server, or convert received orders into shipping instructions. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | network:
Backbone network
* are the main channels along which large amounts of data are transmitted.
* provide interconnection between other networks.
Bayesian network
* build a directed graph of conditional probabilities.
* exploit domain structure to allow compact representations of complex models.
* is used in network domain modeling.
* provide a general and natural representation for reasoning under uncertainty.
* resemble neural networks in their causal nature and variable dependency.
Cellular network
* are robust and can often withstand damage to several pathways.
* require many radio transmission cells to provide service.
Communication network
* exist within a cell that allows for proper cell life.
* have the potential to make data available wherever it is needed.<|endoftext|>### scheme | network:
Community network
* are among the most constructive ways to bring access to rural areas
- computer systems that are designed for community use
* are electronic networks 'linking people with information and people with people'
- spaces where local communities can exchange information
- grassroots organizations
- one of the most constructive ways to bring access to rural areas
- part of electronic public space
* build the roads on which people travel to get to various sites.
* can have a significant impact on the local economy and culture.
* provide people with tools to be better problem solvers.
Corporate network
* Many corporate networks protect themselves from Internet intrusion through the use of a firewall.
* Most corporate networks employ firewalls to guard against unauthorized traffic.
* tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site.
Data network
* are bursty in nature.
* growth area in which competitors are very active.
Digital network
* have less noise than analog networks.
* provide an efficient cost-effective means of distributing digital media.
Enterprise network
* allow businesses to communicate with the public optical network.
* facilitate how work groups exchange information and collaborate.
Ethernet network
* Most Ethernet networks use a hub or switch as the central connection point.
* are the most widely used networks in the world
- what most businesses use for networking
Large network
* Most large networks use a big, expensive Cisco router to share an Internet connection.
* are an example of a tree topology.
* have sophisticated routers that manage multiple internal and external connections.
* tend to have multiple systems being used for different purposes.
+ Local area network: Computer networking<|endoftext|>### scheme | network:
Network computing
* inverts the intelligence hierarchy of host computing.
* is an old idea whose time has come again
- more about software architecture than it is about hardware devices
- the opposite to 'Stand-alone computing'. * the opposite to 'Stand-alone computing'. This is where computers are not connect to a network. Most laptops and home computers do their jobs alone and are stand-alone computers
* model of computing based on networks, most notably the Internet.
* strategic tool that has changed the way companies do business.<|endoftext|>### scheme | network:
Network marketing
* is about people
- relationships
- all about people working with and helping otherpeople
- based on each person doing a little which contributes to everyone s income
- just one of the many business channels for distributing goods and services
- one of the fastest-growing career opportunities in the United States
- purely a business of meeting people and building relationships
* legal, ethical manner of doing business.
* new name for multi level marketing.
* prospecting and people business.
* tool that can be used successfully by everyone. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | network:
Neural net
* are adaptive
- computer programs that attempt to mimic the actions of biological neural systems
- generally fully-connected
- good at categorisation
- indeed best at pattern recognition
- information processing systems that mimic the basic structure of the human brain
- like the brain in certain respects
- suggestions for the woking of the brain
* attempt to predict particular outputs based on relationships with numerous inputs.
* can function with incomplete information
- have an output parameter that represents probability
* detect breast cancer.
* excel at pattern recognition and non-linear relationships.
* have the eerie characteristic of being able to learn.
* is complexs.
* perform best when the task is to assess complex odors that defy description.
* present the possiblility of dynamic mechanisms for repairing damaged images.
* seek to emulate the adaptability and the learning ability of biological systems.
* use no physics, only statistical relationships. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | network:
Neural network
* Most neural networks accept bit patterns as input
- are software simulations run on conventional computers
- attempt to identify a single winning output neuron for a given set of inputs
- can tolerate if one or more of the processing cells fail
- suffer from the opaqueness of their learned associations.
* It is modeled after the way the human brain works. Several computing cells work in parallel to produce a result. This is usually seen as one of the possible ways Artificial intelligence can work. Most neural networks can tolerate if one or more of the processing cells fail
* allow systems to learn and adapt to new material.
* architectures Neural networks viewed as directed signal flow graphs.
* are a class of adaptive algorithms
- form of artificial intelligence
- mathematical tool that can analyze large amounts of data from related markets
- new discipline, and diagnostics, prognostics and control huge field
- recent technology based on the way the human brain works
* are able to form generalizations and can identify patterns with noisy data sets
- learn complex nonlinear mappings
- adaptive systems that can react and adjust to changing conditions
* are artificial intelligence
- learning devices inspired by the workings of the human brain
- capable of learning patterns in input data
- computational tools that mimic the way the human brain functions
- computer programs modeled on the interaction of nerve cells in the human brain
* are computer systems that actually learn by doing
- can recognize patterns and learn from experience
- data driven models
- different
- excellent at detecting relationships in vast quantities of data
- extremely useful in detecting underlying trends in data
- good at pattern recognition, generalization, and trend prediction
- inherently parallel computational models
- machine learning
- methods of pattern classification that are nonlinear and empirical
- modeless systems that learn from the underlying relationships of data
- more efficient than algebraic methods in dealing with big amounts of noisy data
- one, of many, biologically influenced models for mathematics
- part of nervous systems
- poor at extrapolating far outside the training set
- powerful non-linear models
- programs designed to simulate the workings of the brain
- self-learning systems using data of past behavior to predict future behavior
- simply a mathematical tool
- systems loosely based on the organisation of neurons in the brain
* are the most widely used form of artificial intelligence on the web
- primary information processing structures used in neurocomputing
- unique, defining characteristic of the nervous system
- tools to be applied to problems
- universal approximators
- useful in artificial life because of their capability to learn
* are very capable of solving complex problems that chock other techniques
- effective in the analysis and interpretation of complex signals
* assess the impact of a number of factors after a sequence of iv injections.
* attempt to function like a human brain
- tease out meaningful patterns from vast amounts of data
* become more chaotic as dimension increases.
* bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information.
* can also continuously learn, and can also be creative
- analyze data and diagnose diseases
- approximate nonlinear functions
* can be an intricate part of heightening a game's degree of difficulty
- of considerable help in the visualization and analysis of multivariate data
- process combinations of qualitative and quantitative data
- solve entire classes of problems
- yield accurate classifications of cases, even with many interrelated variables
* consist of layers of uniform processing elements, nodes, units, or neurons
- many single units which are analogous to the brain s cells
* constitute a powerful tool for data mining.
* controls the hand movement.
* do what they are trained to do.
* enable the exploration of complex relationships that exist in corporate databases.
* have potential adaptability for agricultural appraisal analysis
- practical applications and can also serve as models for human behavior
* have the ability to derive meaning from complicated or imprecise data
- advantage that they can deal with noisy, inconsistent and incomplete data
- capability of approximating any function
* imitate the structure of the biological nervous system.
* improve the overall model accuracy around setpoints where process data is available.
* improves the ability to predict risk even further.
* is another approach to artificial intelligence.
* learn how to solve problems
- like a human does, by trial and error
- new tasks much like people learn to throw a basketball through the hoop
* learning theory integrates behavior therapy and behavior genetics.
* mimic the nervous system.
* offer a method to evaluate differences between databases.
* perform communication switching tasks.
* provide a means to predict the effectiveness of care for a specific location
- model of computation drastically different from traditional computers
- an alternative to algorithmic methods
* represent a meaningfully different approach to using computers in the workplace
- radically new departure in computer technology
- words and people as mathematical vectors
* require a large amount of information.
* resemble the human brain because they can learn.
* restructure their knowledge base at each step in the learning process.
* sequence of neuron layers.
* tackle real-world problems.
* take a different approach to artificial intelligence
- problem solving than that of conventional computers
* track spending patterns of both cardholders and typical fraud transactions.
* turn out to be a variation of the normal linear classifiers.
* use a digital computer to model the neural connections in human brains
- fuzzy logic that is sometimes more statistical or probablistic than concrete
- neural data
* work in an analogous way to the human brain
- well in complex pattern recognition because they are very non-linear | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | network:
Optical network
* are faster and provide more capacity than their electrical counterparts
- the enablers for continued growth of the Internet infrastructure
* mean speed and capacity.
* transmit voice, data, and video traffic over fiber cables using light streams.
* use beams of light, rather than electrons, to carry data
- light pulses to transmit data instead of electrons
Private network
* comprise numbers of private lines.
* give big banks or large corporations a competitive edge.
* network of communicationschannels confined to the use of one customer.
Reticulation
* is about thinking
- formations
- the wrinkling of the film emultion into a wetlike pattern
* process that helps ensure that the planned lesson can be implemented as scheduled.
Semantic network
* Most semantic networks contain one to several hundred concepts.
* represent inheritance.
* store multiple definitions for each word they contain.
Snood
* are a cross between a soft bag, a hairnet and a hat of sorts
- tubes of fabric with elastic at both ends
* can be addictive.<|endoftext|>### scheme | network:
Social network
* Establishing social networks key factor in successful ageing.
* Some social networks are held together by the ties of religion.
* Some social networks are held together by the ties of religion. A mosque, church or temple is almost always a center of a social network, and often that network has a name and an identity of its own that is not that of the religious organization.
* are a crucial component of a region's economic and political health
- an important determinant of labour migration
- as much a reality in high-tech fields as in other fields
- central to job search and employment security in new media
- films
- graphical models of relationships between groups of people
- imperative to happiness
* are important as buffers to increase immunity to stress
- to the urban poor as a resource for coping with depravity
- naturally dependent on the type of neighbourhood
* can increase productivity by reducing the costs of doing business.
* do exist.
* grow, shift, dissolve and change.
* have a pattern, and the underlying structure is the same across all cultures.
* involve human relations of various kinds.
* play a key role in the various phases of migration and return migration.
Telecom network
* are the essential vehicles that enable location services.
* use circuit switches that incur a delay when making connections.
Telecommunications network
* are by far the largest man-made system ever created.
* constitute the critical infrastructure of the information age.
* provide the foundation upon which electronic commerce is based.
Tulle
* is pink irridescent with hearts.
* is the classic fabric for bridal veils
- stuff that's put under wedding gowns to help the skirts stand out
Wired network
* are particularly vulnerable to eavesdropping.
* require cables to be laid
- some type of physical cabling to interconnect devices
* use cables to connect the different machines together.
+ Wireless LAN, Benefits of Wireless LANs: Computer networking
* This box can handle a varying number of connections at the same time. Wired networks require cables to be laid. This can be difficult for certain places. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### scheme | network:
Wireless network
* Most wireless networks use spread-spectrum signaling to send data between computers.
* allow synchronous activity during periods of connection.
* are also vulnerable to passive eavesdropping attacks
- great for certain applications and specific environments
- less deterministic
- quicker and cheaper to build than landlines
* can support a limited number of users.
* come in a variety of combinations of size, range, speed, complexity, and price.
* consist of several different types of transmission medium.
* have to operate over a shared communication medium.
* use encryption for security, as transmissions can be intercepted
- frequencies separate from cell phones
- radio waves and require no physical connections | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
Science
* 'community of tradition'.
* -Research the scientific methods used to preserve documents.
* All science involves selection as well as abstraction.
* All science is built on the principle of causality
- concerned with the relationship of cause and effect
- directed towards the goal of describing and explaining phenomena in nature
- teleological, having to do with evolution and progress
- method of inquiry into phenomena
* All sciences build models of the world
- discover and collect data
- have a hidden ontology and all ontologies anticipate a knowledge
- including electronics requires a certain understanding of mathematics
- involve making measurements, which are liable to error
- ultimately study nature
- work with the research information that is obtained by means of our five senses
* Any science is both a study of knowledge and the process whereby that knowledge is obtained.
* Apply the concept of force and inertia to predict the motion of objects
- law of conservation of energy
* Ask children to list the animals and insects that appear in Barefoot.
* Build an understanding of earth science, physical science, and life science.
* Develops an awareness of properties, objects, and materials.
* Discuss the environmental relationships between river, land, animal, plant and human life.
* Every science begins as philosophy and ends as art
- function of the psyche, and all knowledge is rooted in it
- starts as philosophy, and becomes art
- systematised body of knowledge
* IS questions and answers.
* Identify an adaptation that helps a predator obtain food, drink, and shelter.
* Includes areas such as biology, ecology, and environmental biology.
* Investigate and report on dolphins, whales, and other sea creatures.
* Most science affects human life
- applies chemistry
- derives from principles
- evolves over decades
- explains phenomena
- focuses on science
* Most science has biodiversity
- dimensions
* Most science includes chemistry
- light
- involves measurements
* Most science is based on the quantitative analysis of measured phe- nomena
- designed to keep the United States competitive in a global economy
- produced in networks of researchers collaborating across institutional boundaries
- supported by biology
* Most science relates to investigations
- scientific investigations
* Most science relies on concepts
- results
- requires scientists
- shows chemical components
* Most science uses knowledge
- medical knowledge
- natural substances
- theories
* Much science is realized through equipment that uses waves, light, sound and electromagnetic waves.
* Provides information from a variety of sources on all aspects of science.
* Some science combines geologies.
* Some science deals with abnormalities
- atmospheres
- basic chemistry
- behaviour
- classifications
- climates
- crust
- designs
- earth crust
- heat
- heredity
- human behaviour
- inheritances
- liquids
- mollusks
- operations
- plant vegetables
- primates
- psychoanalysis
- structural designs
- surgical operations
- explains power
- focuses on evolution
- includes evolution
- makes the claim that certain people are genetically structured to be homosexuals
- prevents soil erosion
- works in contexts
* Study the effects of temperature on water.
* Understands the diversity and unity that characterize life.
* affirms that the human species is an emergence from natural evolutionary forces.
* affords a means of predicting the future, from the observation of past experience.
* aids preservation.
* aims to break things down, level by level by level.
* allows our knowledge of people to grow.
* also builds wealth - for countries, communities and individuals
- can show how to bring the interest of the individual into harmony with that of society
- has the power of verification by experiment to guide assertions back to reality
- helps develop critical thinking skills
- includes units on heat, light, sound, magnets, energy, chemical changes, and animals
- says that yeast growth leads to greater fusel alcohol levels
- shows that certain plants, such as clover, help the deer grow larger antlers
* always proceeds by being informed by cultural metaphors.
* analyzes, classifies and explains phenomena.
* appears to be incompatible with the femininity of women.
* are in the state of revolution
- traditions of research which have developed in both time and space
- unable to explain life
* assumes that nature is the same everywhere, and that it is understandable and predictable
- reality is monistic, i.e., that there is only one kind of ultimate substance
- the universe vast single system in which basic laws are consistent
* attaches great importance to the sun.
* attempts to describe and explain the natural and physical world
- degrees of causal relationships
- describe, predict, control, and explain phenomena
- explain certain phenomena
* bases on truth.
* basic factor in conserving and protecting wildlife and habitat.
* becomes the work of the gods, is shunned or is enshrined as law or procedure.
* begins with observation of data, religion with religious experiences and sacred stories
* believes animals and plants are all just unconscious automatons.
* believes that all matter is based on the atom, the nucleus of which is frequency
- it knows something about nature
* belongs completely to the domain of rationality
- to all the people
* benefits from contributions.
* blend of logic and imagination.
* body of knowledge based on controlled experiments
- knowledge, an intellectual discipline
* branch of study concerned with facts, principles, and methods.
* broad concept that can be approached and understood from a variety of perspectives.
* can accept that everything including time, space, laws and matter evolved out of nothing
- be solitary and lack social interaction
- consider only natural mechanisms as explanations for the natural world
- derive meaningful analogies by comparing populations of objects or entities
- either help society in an important way, or it can destroy society
* can explain how everything works physically in relation to everything else
- natural phenomenon
- figure out what produces consciousness
- handle with skill and insight the evolution of form
- include physics, chemistry, biology, etc
- influence human life and shape our future in several direct and indirect ways
- inspire greater reverence, wonder, and awe
- investigate only the empirical, the natural world
* can make sense, both in ordinary language and in human terms
- use of obvious facts, intuition, and analogies
* can never have more than a limited understanding of the world
- know anything about what is outside the universe
- only measure objective data
- produce a numerical estimate of the probability that they exist based upon observations
- purify religion from error and superstition
- yield new and seemingly useful inventions, such as trans fats
* captivating field for anyone interested in observation, research, and learning.
* careful, analytic attempt to explain phenomena.
* challenges our minds to look beyond and to discover new things.
* claims that radioactive isotopes decay is an uncaused event.
* claims to know truths and discover reality
- provide a system for finding out what is real
* classified and verifiable knowledge of facts concerning nature.
* classifies living things in an orderly system through which they can be readily identified.
* collection of particular theories about particular aspects of the world
- the results of a search for facts about our physical reality
* combination of life, earth and physical science.
* combined effort of the senses and the intelligence.
* comes from the Latin scientia which means knowledge
- word scienta, which means knowledge
* comes to life in laboratories
- with narration, sound, video, and animation
* community effort, a common together of many.
* concerns itself with adaptations, and science itself is adaptation
- particular areas of truths
- the past, present, and future of human life
* confuses laws with observations.
* connects information to form patterns of cause and effect.
* consists in inquiring how to do things right
- of strictly causal explanations of empirically established laws
* constructs models to represent an approximation of the actual processes.
* continues to confirm the relationship between the brain and the body
- show that the mind and body are connected
- support the role food plays in maintaining health
* cooperative endeavour, the work of many people helping and stimulating each other.
* cooperative, rather than a competitive, enterprise.
* covers the mental field of knowledge and religion the mental field of belief
- sports of baseball, cycling, hockey and skateboarding
* create mathematics by translating physical ideas into mathematical questions and equations.
* creates technology and technology changes society.
* creation of politicians and greedy people who seek privilege.
* creative endeavor of the human mind.
* cultural pursuit, meaning that it is rooted in our western philosophical tradition.
* deals only with natural patterns and mechanisms.
* deals with abstract conception
- cause and effect relationships based on the laws of nature
- characteristics
- evidence
- improvement
- possibility
- prehistoric life
* deals with that which is observable and reproducible
- subject to physical measurements and experimentation
- things that are testable, observable, and demonstrable
* defines egg as a cell from which a living organism takes birth and grows
- patterns that describe and predict behavior as personality type
- pregnancy as implantation of a fertilized egg in the wall of the uterus
* demands evidence.
* demonstrates biological integrity
* depends on curiosity and the freedom to pursue that curiosity
- the pursuit of information unfettered by politics
- upon principles, and art upon practice
* describes how nature works and what is possible
- our external world
* develops knowledge of plant and animal life cycles
- theories based on what is observed
- thinking, problem-solving, and lifelong learning skills
* dictionaries Glossaries and dictionaries for several scientific disciplines.
* different way of learning about the world
- thinking about problems
* differential equation.
* differs from art in the same manner that knowledge differs from skill.
* discerns the laws of nature.
* discipline of knowledge which involves many aspects of human thought and endeavour
- uncertainty
* discovery procedure, a methodology for finding truth and also falsehood.
* does play a role in art.
* drives technology as it addresses questions that demand more sophisticated instruments.
* dynamic and ongoing process of reexamination and seeking new information
- evolving approximation of reality
- process that requires more than mere acquisition and memorization of facts
- subject, changing over time
* embodies a basic belief in the comprehensibility of the universe.
* emphasizes geology, living and non-living habitats, bones, and more.
* employs a logical and empirical methodology to understand the natural world.
* encompasses a wide variety of disciplines
- virtually every aspect of our lives
* encourages all the children in the classroom to use the language and methods of science
- students
* enhances performance.
* entails sound logic and the seeking of evidence to support beliefs.
* establishes guidelines.
* examines the science behind the most popular team and recreational sports.
* exists in the mind of man as an ideal reality
- only when scientists can persuade one another of the validity of their theories
* explains all reality in terms of cause and effect relationships and sufficient reason
- particular phenomenon in terms of universally valid laws
* explains the natural world in material, naturalistic ways using observation and measurement
- using evidence from the natural world
* fascinating field of education, as that most scientists never quit learning themselves.
* filter of thinking based on clever and right thoughts.
* focuses on empirical phenomena
- how science effects people and environment
- the purely objective side of reality, leaving out human values
* framework built around observations in nature.
* generates knowledge to the benefit of the human being.
* gift economy of ideas.
* give useful information regarding the physical world.
* grows by the accretion of ideas
- through many discrete bubbles of expanding knowledge
- with time
* has a large role to play in defining and understanding sustainability
- long and unsavory history of severely punishing innovation and new thinking
- responsibility to society
- role to play in decisions about food production
- similar problem with the human brain
- an impact on their lives, and they can have an impact on science as well
- beauty
- discovered that the observed is energy, the object is energy
- for a long time tied smoking to a strong risk of lung cancer in BOTH males and females
- high, ethical principles
- it that they are attracted to carbon dioxide, so avoid heavy breathing
- limitations
- little to do with the theory of evolution
* has many Christian roots
- branches
- different areas of interest
- disciplines, all interrelated
* has no explanation or theory for the origin of matter and energy
- opinion about what is right and wrong
- nothing to do with creationism
- places
- powerful influence in the real world
- proof
- sacred texts
* has the ability to be the catalyst for change
- facts, the knowledge and the rules of nature
- highest paid circulation of any scientific journal in the world
- powerful indirect effect of improving human health and opportunity
- wonderful ability of creating medicines that better people's living conditions
- theories, religion has beliefs
- to interact with daily life
- treatments
- yet to produce a conclusive study that shows homosexuality has a biological cause
* helps strip away superstition to the point that only the transcendental truths remain
- teachers
- techniques
- train techniques
* high peak of intellectual integrity, fairness, and rationality.
* highly refined type of human experience, and an experiment controlled experience.
* holds adventures in the world of living things
- the answers to all the questions of life
- two main branches, each a mirror of the other
* human activity, and therefore subjective judgements are sometimes made.
* human endeavor involving successes and failures, trials and tribulations
- to understand how nature works
- endeavor, possibly the greatest one of all
- endeavour to make sense of the world
- enterprise which leads to knowledge of the natural world
- invention, developed and refined within a specific cultural tradition
* imitating art and art imitating science are familiar to robotics.
* impacts every-day life.
* includes advanced work in earth, physical and life sciences
- all areas of biological, physical, and earth science
- concepts in astronomy, geology, chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics
- journals in natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, and physics
- processes and a body of knowledge
- the study of plants, animals, biology, physical science, chemistry, and physics
* incorporates principles.
* increasingly plays a major role in fueling the North Carolina economy.
* influences society.
* inquires about the physical world, the object of experience.
* invariably involves the participation of a community of workers in any given field.
* involves a pursuit of fascinating knowledge and can be found in every aspect of life
- search for answers
- building and sharing knowledge
- constructing an understanding of how the natural world works
- ethics as well as technology, economics as well as experiments
- examinations
- observation, testability, repeatability, and prediction
- paradigms, puzzles, anomalies, discoveries and revolutions
* involves the building of models to explain phenomena occurring in nature
- discovery of fundamental relationships that help explain the natural world
- teaching of earth, life, and physical sciences
* is JUST a way of explaining how the universe works.
* is able to clone animals but cloning humans is forbidden
- test whether species have the capacity to change
* is about algorithms
- amazement and curiosity and beauty
- asking questions
- both exploration and explanation
- comparison and contrast
- creating new knowledge
- discovering the natural
- discovery, discovery requires participation and creativity
- explanation and prediction
- exploring our world and finding reasons for things
- facts, religion is about supposition or superstition
- having an organised route into a subject
- knowledge and power
- making predictions, often based on measuring some quantities
- predictability, and the predictability derives from models
- probing questions and searching for answers
- problem-solving, asking questions and seeking answers
- the pursuit of truth through rigorous, controlled experimentation
* is about understanding and about looking at underlying principles
- the universe and everything in it
- verifiable facts and it is also about the physical universe
- academic journals
- against the theory of evolution
* is all about asking questions and finding answers
- questioning assumptions and testing theories
* is also a dialogue between mankind and Nature
- way of life and an attitude to the universe
- about discovery
- an important part of our every day lives
- of profound practical importance in modern society
* is also on the side of vegetarian foods
- vegetarianism
* is also the currency that is used everywhere in the hierarchy of nations
- foundation for all our work on infant nutrition
* is always a game played with statistics
- theory and proof
- ambivalent about the place of humans
- an accumulation of knowledge built-up over generations
* is an active knowledge system in which new discoveries are made almost every day
- process dependent upon curiosity, observations and investigations
- activity of human societies
- approach to learning
- art and a discipline
* is an attempt to explain the natural world
- interpret the facts of nature
- reproducibly characterize that world in predictive ways
- edged tool, with which men play like children, and cut their own fingers
- effort to understand how objects in nature function and interact with one another
- element of astrology
- enormously powerful engine of new knowledge
- exact science
- exploration for truth
- imaginative adventure of the mind seeking truth in a world of mystery
- immense array of measured but incomplete models of understanding
- important driving force and multiplier for the information society
* is an important part of everyone's lives
- our everyday lives, just like reading and math
- the preschool child's day
- process that relies on the use of scientific equipment
- tool to make our lives better
- indispensable tool for gaining knowledge about nature
- information service about science
- instrument of public health
- integral part of culture
- intellectual, a social and a practical activity which has developed over time
- international enterprise that goes across borders, across races
- investment in the public interest
* is an ongoing process that builds on itself
- self-correcting way of knowing
- search for information about the natural world
- open self-critical system in which all theories and paradigms are subject to review
- orderly, structured way of knowing
* is an organized relatively objective attempt to eliminate ignorance
- search for patterns and regularities
- analytic - it strives to understand nature, what is
* is as important as magic
- intentional a process as has ever appeared on Earth
- atheistic
- away of learning about the natural world
- based on Greek ideas that give nature the most omnipotent role in the universe
* is based on a hands-on approach to learning and discovering
- mountain of fact but evolution is faith-based
- communication
- curiosity and and inquiry
- fact and religion is based on faith
- facts and observations
- human values and is itself a value system
- logic and examination of reality
- logic, systematic data collection, experiments and statistical analysis
- observable, repeatable truth
* is based on observation and experimentation
- observation, measurement, computation, facts and data
- rational thought
- slow, plodding accumulation of bits of information
- subjective observations
* is based on the denial of miracles
- experience that nature gives intelligent answers to intelligent questions
- trying to do everything with the outer experience of things
* is based upon controlled experiments and data analyses
- finding the correct tools to measure the correct object
- observation, experimentation, etc
- watching things happen
- basically the search of truth
- belief in a supreme generalization
- below the mind, spirituality is beyond the mind
* is both a body of knowledge and a process of discovery
- process and a body of knowledge
- facts and process
- influences and is influenced by society
- public and private
* is built on logical theories that appear to be true
- upon an entire body of knowledge
* is by definition engaged in natural explanations
- far the best approach to understand and explain the world
* is central to the success of chlorine-based products
- world children are growing up in
- certainly an important tributary to the ocean of human experience
- characterized by a questioning of common sense and sentiment
- concerned only with empirical relationships
* is concerned with physical reality
- relating the present to the future
- the structure of the universe as well as the structure of an atom
- understanding the phenomena and laws of the universe
- considered to have to do with truth
- critiqued as epistemology for optimal health and human potential
- dedicated to human development
* is deeply interwoven with society and changes along with society
- society, and as it has changed, so too has science
- dependent on communication - networks of patronage, training, exchange and information
- described as what is observable, repeatable, and falsifiable
- directed towards a progressively greater understanding of the natural world
- distinguished from pure math in that it yields predictive information
- divided into areas of study
- done by the scientific method
* is driven by curiosity, and pure science advances without much input from society
- data, by evidence
- people's excitement about learning
- essentially a dialogue conducted among people with a shared interest
- exoteric, since it is public and accessible, in principle, to 'non-believers'
- exploration and discovery
- faith in doubt
- feared when it begins to experiment with the more fundamental aspects of genetics
* is founded on reason and deduction and empirical study
- the assumption that nature is amenable to human intelligence
- truth, honesty, and confirmation of results
* is fundamentally a method of inquiry that is much broader in scope
- social institution governed by power relationships
- about pursuing new ideas and new ways of thinking
- geared to thinking about the problem and alternative explanations
- general rather than particular knowledge
- hard to teach in schools
- imbedded in the culture, society and philosophies in which it develops
* is important because of all the new technology which has improved many inventions and ideas
- in our everyday lives
- to every living cell
- in their everyday lives
- information about things and how they work
- instrumental, a means harnessed to human goals
- interdisciplinary in nature
* is interested in general laws
- general, empirical relationships that are publicly verifiable
- introduced when lecturing on the design and aerodynamics of automobiles
- investigation, analysis, and the generation of new knowledge
- involved in the study of the inventions and inventors
* is knowledge and religion is faith
- science is freedom
* is knowledge of nature and of the effects of human intervention in nature
- the physical world and nature
- through causes therefore knowledge that is certain, universal and necessary
- knowledge, truth and being close to the source of knowledge and truth
* is learned at home, in museums, in parks and on school visits
- chiefly by the eye
- through discussions about how food changes during the cooking process
- like learning a new language, or exploring a new world
* is limited to dealing with observable, measurable, and repeatable phenomena
- explaining the natural world by means of natural processes
- proving what can be perceived with the senses
- what can be known by rational thought backed up by verifiable observations
* is located in nanotechnologies
- universities
* is made and funded by people
- by people, commonly working in groups
- magic that works
* is man's endeavor to interpret the facts of nature
- thoughts that they believe to be fact
- mankind's organized search for truth
- mathematics applied to real world phenomena
- matter, religion is spirit
- meant to be a community of intellectuals, dedicated to a common goal
- merely a description of the physical world
- more a way of life or a philosophy than a job
* is more than a body of knowledge
- specific knowledge
- much more than a body of knowledge
- necessary to deal with humans as created creatures with animal bodies
- now the norm for running our lives, from health to the environment, even politics
- objective, but human experience is subjective
* is often like that, it comes from chance encounters between individuals
- sexist
* is one context for examining themselves, their ideas, and their lives
- kind of knowledge and religion is another kind
- method by which our species seeks to obtain knowledge
- of many ways people have of trying to understand the world
* is one of the areas that have defined social and economic progress
- crowning achievements of human intelligence
- few areas in which the Soviet Union has operated more or less at world levels
- most prestigious general scientific publications in the world
- world's leading general science, peer-reviewed journals
- worlds most prestigious scholarly journals
- source and symbol for an imaginative, disciplined mind
* is one way of answering and explaining questions about the natural world
- questions and explaining the natural world
- knowing about the world
* is only about chemistry and physics
- now re-discovering the healing substances found in essential oils
* is only one of several possible ways of interpreting experience
- way of making sense out of the physical world
* is only the name for a human activity
- work and findings of scientists
* is organized into content disciplines and is conducted in various institutions
- five units in which inquiry and discovery are the focus
- four units in which inquiry and discovery are the focus
* is organized knowledge and methods of investigation of the natural environment
- systematized inquiry
* is part of life
- scientific knowledge
- partly about asking questions
- perceived as being kept in the hands of scientist and away from a public understanding
- persistant creativity, observation, critisism and self critisism
- personal and political, affecting our daily lives and the future of our planet
- philosophy, in a matter of speaking
- practiced by people with directed interests
* is practiced in many ways besides direct observation and experimentation
- precisely about empirically measuring and proving the objective world
* is presented as a story or a metaphor
- the activity of an intellectual elite
- pure inquiry into the unknown, using specific tools of rational thought
- quite different from, say, history
- regulated by values of two different kinds
- related to technology as well
- relative and subject to change as more knowledge is attained
- responsible for the following knowledge about our origins
- resticted by definition to utilizing natural laws to explain nature
- restricted to the study of natural phenomena
- said to be knowledge systematically arranged
* is science, and religion is religion
- no matter what general topic is involved
* is seen as a random activity that has little meaning in real life
- an integral part of daily life rather than belonging solely to the laboratory
- the way to make our way to the best of all possible worlds
- shared knowledge
* is simply a word to describe the likelihood of an idea being true
- the logical process of figuring out how the world works
- so successful because it explains material phenomena in material terms
* is something that can be done anywhere by anyone
- proven and tested, and usually works the same way each time
- explodes
- spectral analysis
- still a long way from understanding the complexities of the brain
- study based upon observation
- subjects
- superior to ethics or politics
- supposed to be a tool to learn something about reality
* is supposed to help advance society
- make politics more orderly, more collaborative, and more rational
- systematic in method because it seeks a system of prediction
- systematized and formulated knowledge
- taken to include the life sciences, physical sciences, social sciences, and mathematics
- taught as an assembly of facts
- television stations
- tentative and denies an ultimate or perfect truth as claimed by scientific creationism
- that which practical application of period technology
* is the accumulation of evidence to support belief
- act of gathering knowledge by observation and experimentation
- activity of seeking the truth
- ancient art of calculation and interpretation of celestial phenomena
* is the art of observing carefully with an unbiased, non-prejudicial eye
- understanding the universe
* is the basis for sound nutrition information
- the design of technologies that solve real-world problems
* is the basis of technology and science depends on education and research
- the advanced technology that affects our lives today in countless ways
- belief in the ignorance of the experts
- candle that lights the way
- central shaper of secularism in our day
- characteristic product of our culture
- collection of all examples of science
- definition of everything
- development and systematization of positive knowledge about the physical universe
- discoverer of the past
- dominant intellectual force of our culture
- dominering method used for explaining how nature works and how humans behave
- driving force behind many of our environmental policies
- embodiment of the objective and the impersonal
- father of knowledge, but opinion breeds ignorance
* is the first of sins, the germ of all sins, the original sin
- sin, seed of all sin, the original sin
* is the foundation and the driving force behind all decisions and all actions
- for understanding what's happening in our patients
- of real religion
* is the frontier of human progress
- things to come
- gimmick of nonplussed contagion
- glory as well as the terror of mankind
- god of many people in our culture and the modern world
- important key to unlock all the mysteries of our world
- investigation and interpretation of the natural and physical world
* is the key to human betterment, individually and as a society
- knowledge and it is the job of scientists to unlock the mysteries of life
* is the knowledge of consequences, and dependence of one fact upon another
- the dependence of facts upon one another
- liberator of humanity
- logical, systematic and empirical method of research and ordering of experiences
* is the means for solving the problem
- of discovering truth
* is the most powerful agent of change and progress in human affairs
- transforming force in today's world
* is the objective connection of precisely measured detail with sweeping abstract concepts
- pursuit of reliable knowledge
- observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena
* is the only field to use metric measurements
- way of knowledge that proceeds by trying to disprove itself
* is the organized search for knowledge
- systematic pursuit of knowledge
- paradigm for teaching according to the contemporary ideal of liberal education
- pragmatic approach to philosophical theories on reality
- primary causation of reality and theology is secondary
- process by which people use systematic steps to organize their findings
* is the process of discoveringthe natural world
- figuring out the way the world works
- finding answers using logical, systematic processes and steps
- gathering, interpreting, and testing information
- used to develop better technology
* is the product of intelligence
- left hemisphere function
- professional journal of North American scientists
* is the pursuit of knowledge
- the facts, wherever they lead-politics balance of interests
- quest for objective truth
- record of dead religions
- religion of the multitudes and people look to it for salvation
- search for neat, predictable curves, compact ways of summarizing the data
* is the search for truth and knowledge
- made up of empirically verifiable facts
- understanding of the empirical world
- sheaf of facts
- smaller circle within the larger circle of religion
- state of knowing or having knowledge
- struggle to find means to do that
- study and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena in an orderly way
* is the study of natural truth
- nature and life
- physical truth
* is the study of the natural world as a way to understand cause and effect
- world through experience and experiment
- patterns and rules in the natural world
- universe in an attempt to understand how it works
- what really does happen in the world
- stuff of everyday life
- sum of the efforts to understand the natural world in a systematic, empirical manner
* is the systematic classification of experience
- gathering, organizing, and dissemination of new knowledge
- observation of natural phenomena
- topography of ignorance
- tree of death
- ultimate legitimator of bourgeois ideology
- underpinning of technological progress
- vehicle they use for learning
* is the world's largest circulation general scientific periodical
- to computer science as hydrodynamics is to plumbing
* is unique among disciplines in the involvement of postdoctoral students in research
- in the method it uses for figuring out which ideas are wrong
- unlike faith in that it follows the evidence
* is used for astronomy
* is used to assemble knowledge which, in turn, is used to create goods
- manipulate people and nature for profit
- very much a human endeavor and relies on human qualities and habits of the mind
* is what happens when preconception meets verification
- kids do every day
- people understand well enough to explain to a computer
- scientists do
- where the cure for deadly diseases can be found and can be made
- woven into the fabric of life
- written in first person, active tense
* knows no borders, and research is enhanced when knowledge is widely shared.
* knows that sound travels through the universe for what they call infinity
- the moon has a causal effect on the tides
* laboratory-based discipline.
* leads to knowledge, but being something is categorically distinct from knowing it
- technology that impacts society in many ways
- world-changing innovation and new technologies
* lends itself to real experiences in which children can participate.
* lifts the veil that says man was born of the flesh.
* likes to deal with facts.
* literally means knowledge.
* logical search for knowledge covering facts or the operation of general laws.
* magic wand that gives credibility and validity to a concept or a methodology.
* makes certain real basic assumptions about how the universe operates
- major progress when the paradigms are changed
- models of nature, models of our universe, and medicine
- patterns from ideas
- theories about the way the world is
- use of mathematics, and it makes observations and experiments
* male construction that exists only to serve the interests of males.
* marvelous development in the history of human thought.
* means a method of thought
- generating and using knowledge to solve problems
- knowledge, and the essence of the scientific method is observation and repeatability
- of gaining knowledge and understanding about the world
- simply the aggregate of all the recipes that are always successful
- the study of nature and living things
- to know about everything in the cosmos
* measures physical things.
* method for grasping knowledge, but knowledge is always incomplete
- investigating the mechanisms of the universe
- testing ideas to see if they work
* method of discovering the truth, religions claim to already have the truth
- discovery and it can be applied to anything
- inquiry based on logic and testable hypotheses
- obtaining knowledge of the nature of the universe
- reaching conclusions
- seeking knowledge
- or methods of inquiry
* methodical procedure for the exploring and understanding of nature.
* methodology and logical way of thinking verified through experimentation.
* methodology, a limited way of knowing about the natural world.
* needs math to measure things and to make sense of the world.
* never ending search for truth.
* never-ending process of discovery, interpretation, and evaluation
* now accepts that magnetic energy does have an effect upon electrical equipment
- the idea that rocks can fall from outer space onto Earth
- considers a blue moon to be the second full moon in one month
* now has a huge impact on sports around the globe
- the ability to clone human beings
* now knows dogs directly evolved from the wolf, through a process known as neoteny
- that alcohol causes birth defects
* observes the material world, but religion sees the mental, nonmaterial.
* often advances in leaps and bounds when measurement devices improve
- with the introduction of new technologies
* often deals with very large or very small numbers
- tangible aspects of reality
- learns more from mistakes than from successes
- spends decades proving what the human heart already knows
- works by eliminating other possibilities
* only deals with repeating occurances in the present
- measures things
- tries to make models of reality that have predictive power
* opens up the realm of the concrete and philosophy opens the realm of the abstract.
* operates on a system of evidence and proof, while religion consists of blind faith
- induction
* part of life - every day.
* part of our daily lives
- everyday lives, like reading and math
* particular kind of human experience
- set of configurations of language, experience, and desire
- way of studying and knowing the world
* pervades a broad spectrum of workplaces.
* places great faith in the evidence of the senses.
* plays a central role in our cultural, political and economic life
- an important role in the resolution of environment and energy issues
* points to the universe as a created universe.
* popularity contest among competing ideas.
* powerful way of looking at the world.
* presently describes the universe as winding down toward decay and disorder.
* problem solving activity carried out within a community of scholars.
* proceeds in time by an alternation of theory and experiment
- only with the communication of ideas
* process by which our beliefs are ultimately demonstrated true or false.
* process for answering our questions about the natural world
- producing knowledge
* process of change
- discovery about things that can be measured
- inquiry involving hypothesis and deduction
- investigation, the testing of hypotheses and pursuing questions that remain
- observation and discovery
- systematically observing the world and making conclusions based on data
- usines observations to test ideas
- that seems to be given lip-service and then forgotten
- used to obtain knowledge based upon observable evidence
- whereby aspects of a problem are discovered
* process, a means of testing ideas to see whether they match observed reality
- and a work in progress
- or an activity, rather than a discrete entity
* proclaims that our present reality is dependent on the relationship between space and time.
* produces accurate facts, scientific laws and theories.
* produces ideas about how and why the world functions the way it does
- that spawn new technologies and other applications of knowledge
* product of man's wisdom, and is often wrong.
* progresses by the gradual accumulation of data.
* provides a knowledge for understanding the world
- important information and tools for effective stewardship of created things
- molecular techniques
* provides new molecular techniques
- strong evidence
* provides the basis of modern technology that improves the living standard of human beings
- knowledge that engineers use to create tools
- ways to judge and discard unfounded ideas
- writers with a repertoire of verbs to explain the universe
* pursues the knowledge of the universe, it seeks a understanding of ALL natural phenomena.
* pursuit of the truth.
* raises ethical issues
* rapidly changing field.
* rather compact and culture-independent body of knowledge.
* recognizes types.
* refinement of everyday thinking.
- empirical evidence
- experimental and observational facts of nature
- human qualities, such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill and creativity
- observations of the natural world
- repeated observations to confirm natural phenomena
- the testimony of the senses
* remains at the heart of modern psychology.
* replaces magic in the world
- the divine, eternal laws described by Aquinas with natural, physical laws
* represents an investment in organized knowledge for society and the economy.
* requires a grid of clean transport in order to function as a universal system of knowledge
- different abilities, human qualities, and habits of the mind
- good observation skills
- specific theories and laws that can be used to predict
* rests on evidence.
* reveals misconception.
* say there are trees in other plants than earth.
* says that a fetus person from the moment of conception
- once the earth was all one land
- the electron waves on earth collapse because the entire universe is looking
* says, as per the First Law of Thermodynamics, that nothing is being created today.
- universal naturalistic laws
* seeks to attain knowledge of objects in their universality
- break down and explain specific parts
- explain the physical realities of the natural world
- explain, understand or reveal
- overcome transitoriness by finding natural laws or eternal norms
- predict and explain natural phenomena
* seeks to understand and technology seeks to design a human solution
- the universe through rationality, reason, and skepticism
* seems to be the most venerated contemporary category of knowledge structures
- have governing laws, such as the law of gravity
* sees itself as the answer to all questions.
* self-correcting body of knowledge
* series of approximations
- planned, controlled observations
* set of activities that helps kids explore their place in space.
- how nothing supernatural is required to explain anything in the universe
* shows that soils high with fungi contains lower populations of nematodes
- the goodness of dairy plays a big role in disease prevention
- underlie unity
* social affair in the sense that everybody interacts, and it's a universal thing
- practice that influences and is influenced by developments in many disciplines
- product produced by a community of scientists
* solves problems.
* speaks of energy in both potential and kinetic states.
* special kind of human experience, for there is an intent to learn more about the world.
* starts with observations.
* strives to describe the world as accurately as possible, and everyone's help is needed.
* structured art more functional than any fine art
* studies chemistry
- decomposition
* studies the material world
- physical aspects of the world, the geological, biological, and astronomical
* sub-set of knowledge.
* subject in constant motion and constant change
- that touches every part of everyone's life
* subsists on the exchange of information.
* supports conclusions
* system by which imperfect beings can test and refine their understanding of the world
- or method to understand something
* systematic and logical approach to discovering how things in the universe work
- method for developing testable explanations of observed phenomena
* systematic process of inquiry about natural phenomena
- to find out about our world and the universe
- study of facts
- way of knowing how the world works
* systematized, paged index to the successive sense impressions.
* teaches that everything is vibrating, including matter which includes the physical body
- health and disease are but a continuum
- the children of today that nature is made of atoms
* technical term.
* tends to be driven by simple curiosity, and by the desire of some scientist to do it first
- exclude things that aren t science
- pride itself on themes of universality
- snub sunspots and cycles
* thinks that mathematics is what's the hidden, underlying expression of the reality.
* thus becomes the means of controlling nature for the material benefit of humankind
- stands as the paradigm for any and all socially useful forms of knowledge
* tool created by man and is less than man
- designed to illuminate the latter domain
* tool for improving our lives and one of the keys to a successful future
- understanding our world
- like philosophy
* tree that bears good and bad fruit.
* tries to document the factual character of the natural world
- explain nature, but to achieve precision, nature has to be abstracted
* truth-seeking process.
* understands the mechanisms of sight and the psychophysics of visual perception.
* unique way of knowing about the world
* uses a standardized, universal nomenclature using latinized names
- technical vocabulary to describe phenomena
- variety of materials to teach life, physical and earth sciences
- art as a stepping stone to see if it can be seen as reality
- empirical methods as it is based on experience
- logic as one means of evaluating theory
- mathematics, but it is also very different from mathematics
* uses natural causes to explain natural phenomena
* usually depends on repeating experiments and getting the same results.
* values the power of theory for explaining and predicting.
* vehicle by which humans contribute to the understanding of the universe.
* very broad collection of disciplines
- human form of knowledge
- important way for coming to know things
- interrelated field, and many concepts can be related to more than one concept
* voyage of exploration into the unknown.
* way of answering questions
- asking and answering questions
- discovering the world
* way of knowing and doing, the heart of which is inquiry
- as well as a body of known information
- the facts, laws and nature of things through material-experiments
- knowing, and a tool
- how nature functions
- life, a craft handed down from masters to apprentices
* way of looking at and thinking about the natural world in an attempt to understand it
- obtaining knowledge by means of objective evaluations
* way of thinking much more than it body of knowledge
- that includes the observation, collection and manipulation of data
- thinking, a way of understanding the world
- to know about things
* western way of knowing the world, and it is perhaps the west's greatest contribution.
* willingness to accept facts even when they are opposed to wishes.
* works on the border between the known and the unknown, pushing back the tide of mystery.
* works to make everything relative
- tap the minds of the dead
- with concepts
* world view that measures our 'reality'.
* worldwide community.
+ Inch, Usage: Units of length :: Imperial units
* In the United States, height is always in feet and inches. Science is the only field to use metric measurements.
* Science' is what we do to find out about the natural world. It is the total of physics, chemistry, biology, geology and astronomy. Science makes use of mathematics, and it makes observations and experiments. Science produces accurate facts, scientific laws and theories. Wilson, Edward O. 1998. The Oxford companion to the history of modern science'. Oxford University Press, vii. Science' also refers to the large amount of knowledge that has been found using this process.
+ Pseudoscience, Differences between pseudoscience and science
* Pseudoscientific ideas are not based on facts. Science is based on facts and observations.
+ Science, Other features of science:
* Science makes models of nature, models of our universe, and medicine. There are many different sciences with their own names. Science is a process, not just the facts and rules believed at one time.
+ Scientific theory
* To be a scientific theory, a theory must be tested a large number of times, by many different scientists in many different places, and must pass the test every time. It must be stated exactly, often using mathematics. And it must fit in with all of the other scientific theories. Science has many branches. Physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and astronomy are some of the major branches of science. A scientific theory in one branch of science must hold true in all of the other branches of science. For example, the atomic theory of matter, that all matter is made up of atoms, was discovered using physics, but the chemicals used in chemistry, the living tissue used in biology, the rocks studied in geology, and the planets studied in astronomy are all made up of atoms. The atomic theory of matter holds in every area of science. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Actuarial science
* applies mathematics to insurance problems.
* deals with the design, financing and operation of insurance plans.
* is just one of the many exciting applications of mathematics today
- the mathematical analysis of problems in economics, finance, and insurance
Agricultural science
* applies scientific methods to the physical variables affecting crops.
* is based on risk-taking, as is most human endeavour
- similar to biology
Applied math
* is science
* takes the guessing out of data analysis.<|endoftext|>### science | applied math:
Probability theory
* Some probability theory is developed as a mathematical tool.
* deals with patterns of chance.
* is applied math
- to determine error performance in a binary system
* is the major technique to model such situations
- mathematical approach to quantifying uncertainty or variation
- used to determine how well the sample represents the population
* plays a role in the distribution of the point process of massive particles
- an important part in weighing the trade-offs
* predicts behavior in large samples.
* provides a scientific approach to describing chance and measuring risk
- sound basis for reasoning under uncertainty
* theory, but probability is something else.
* works for random processes, but has no applicability to deterministic events. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Astronomy
* Most astronomy focuses on observations
- reflects eclipse
- relies on principles
- uses telescopes
* Some astronomy focuses on light
- motion.
* is one of the oldest sciences. Ancient people used the positions of the stars to navigate, and to find when was the best time to plant crops. Astronomy is very similar to astrophysics. Since the 20th century there have been two main types of astronomy, 'Observational' and 'Theoretical' astronomy. Observational astronomy uses telescopes and cameras to 'observe' or look at stars, galaxies and other astronomical objects. Theoretical astronomy uses maths and computer models to predict what should happen.
* is one of the oldest sciences. Ancient people used the positions of the stars to navigate, and to find when was the best time to plant crops. Astronomy is very similar to astrophysics. Since the 20th century there have been two main types of astronomy, 'Observational' and 'Theoretical' astronomy. Observational astronomy uses telescopes and cameras to 'observe' or look at stars, galaxies and other astronomical objects. Theoretical astronomy uses maths and computer models to predict what should happen. The two often work together, the theoretical predicts what should happen and the observational shows whether the prediction works
* also exists as a school-based syllabus.
* applies techniques.
* becomes the march of worlds and world systems.
* branch of fundamental physics.
* brings all the different sciences together
- the whole universe into perspective, giving the latest theories on how it began
- to bear the knowledge of the physicist, mathematician, and chemist
* can also play an important role in science education.
* competitive, high-pressure profession.
* complex subject.
* comprises the study of all extraterrestrial objects.
* continues to study the cosmology, stars, solar system, and extraterrestrial life.
* covers planetary astronomy, sun, moon, planets, asteroids and comets.
* cultural activity.
* dances to the music of the stars.
* deals with features
- the facts of planetary and cosmic placements and positions
* demands precise clockwork motion of a telescope.
* different animal.
* explains facts.
* fast-growing interest at the South Pole.
* field that almost everyone enjoys.
* focuses attention on the cosmic pattern without
* generates fundamental knowledge needed for many future technological advances.
* goes into everything.
* has much yet to contribute to human knowledge and progress
- significant impact on science in general as well as on public imagination
* investigates the stars.
* is about the sky and what's in it
- actually an area of specialization within physics
- also central to different cultures
* is an ancient science and perhaps, an even more ancient hobby
- science, but also one of the most modern
- essential part of the educational system and of an advanced society
- evolving science
- exciting field that most people have at least some interest in
* is an observational science that requires obtaining, reducing, and analyzing data
- outdoor nature hobby
- another subfield of physics
- arguably the oldest science
* is at the forefront of contemporary intellectual activities
- same time one of the oldest and one of the most dynamic areas of science
- called the oldest of the sciences
* is considered a science and astrology as foolishness
- an earth science, too
* is considered to be perhaps the most ancient of sciences
- top-science in The Netherlands
- especially adaptable to primary school science
- hobbies
- in many ways an interdisciplinary study
- intrinsically attractive to children and forms a logical setting for learning
- just one field in which trigonometry plays an important part
- lights in the sky
- like no other science
- merely one of many applied branches of basic physics
- now the science of studying space using a logic-based scientific platform
- often an entry point for young people who are becoming interested in science
- old enough to illustrate how science matures and is self-correcting
* is one area of science where amateurs regularly contribute to the body of knowledge
- which has fascinated all mankind from the beginnings of history
* is one of the most popular sciences on college campuses
- universal of sciences
- visible sciences, and regularly captures the public s attention
* is one of the oldest human endeavors and it is considered to be the oldest science
- subject which produces geniuses and can be considered mother of all sciences
- perhaps the most rapidly changing and evolving of all the sciences
- presented as a hobby as well as a basic science
- probably the most accessible and photogenic of the sciences
- said to excite the imagination in ways that no other area in science can
* is the branch of science concerned with objects beyond Earth
- earliest of the scientific disciplines
- first science
- meeting-place of all the arts and sciences
* is the most ancient and honorable of the physical sciences
- attractive physical science to the general public
- observational of all the physical sciences
- widely read English-language magazine for astronomy enthusiasts
* is the oldest of all sciences
- scientific endeavors
* is the oldest of the natural sciences
- sciences and every body can take an interest in it
- science and one of the few sciences that welcomes amateurs
- only science that can really travel in the past
- organized study of the universe above the Earth's atmosphere
- queen of sciences
* is the science in which Australia has the greatest impact on the world stage
- the entire universe is studied
- most directly related to studying the universe
* is the science of celestial bodies, their composition and their motions
- the nature and motions of celestial bodies
- with the broader horizons full of new tech gizmo
- scientific study of stars, planets and cosmic forces
* is the scientific study of the stars and planets and their movements
- stars, planets and the other celestial bodies
* is the study of all that is found in space
- comets, meteors, galaxies, planets, stars and other objects in space
* is the study of the celestial bodies and their compositions, motions, and origins
- entire universe and everything in it
- planets and outer space
* is the study of the planets, stars and galaxies that make up our universe
- stars, and universe
- principles and development of the solar system and the galaxies
* is the study of the stars, of which the sun is one
- solar system, stars, nebulae, etc
* is the study of the universe and what it beholds
- with particular reference to celestial bodies
- tip of the iceberg but also a major key in man's future survival
- world's oldest science
- thousands of years old, and began when the first human stared out into space
- to look in the sky and see the stars
- unique among the sciences in that amateurs can and do play an important role
- written for astronomers
* learning hobby.
* lets eyes see what they never saw before, the heart feel what it never felt before.
* locates our niche in space and time.
* participatory science.
* patient hobby.
* permeates the history, philosophy, mythology and religion of every culture in Canada.
* places human development in context.
* popular hobby in Finland.
* precise, mathematically oriented science.
* progresses through information gathering and data analysis.
* provides the evidence for the likelihood of sunlike stars.
* rapidly changing field
- growing science
* remains arguably the most vibrant of the physical sciences in the United States.
* requires a mastery and proficiency in the physical sciences, mathematics and statistics.
* science and follows the scientific method
- of nature and an experimental science
- that uses physics to interpret astronomical events
* science, and has been for thousands of years
- while astrology has no scientific basis
* studies the flow of energy, and forces.
* teaches the correct use of the sun and the planets.
* thus divides into fields such as astrophysics, celestial mechanics, and cosmology.
* using high energy gamma-radiation is an exciting and rapidly developing field.
* very diverse field
- large subject with many different things to study
- visual science
+ Astronomy, Fields
* Astronomy is a very large subject with many different things to study. Many astronomers specialise in particular areas of astronomy, called fields. | {
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} |
### science | astronomy:
Amateur astronomy
* hobby that begs to be shared with others.
* is also about the challenge of finding faint, hard to see objects
- half in the mind and half in the eye
Cosmogony
* Cosmogonies declare some events and facts sacred.
* is astronomy
Neutrino astronomy
* is an emerging field which seeks to observe the universe in an entirely new way.
* new field that studies the ways that stars develop or galaxies form.
Optical astronomy
* requires telescopes that use optical components of great precision.
* retains a special role since it is directly accessible to the eye.<|endoftext|>### science | astronomy:
Radio astronomy
* branch of electrical engineering.
* deals with observation of radio-frequency signals emitted by objects in space.
* detects radiation of millimetre to decametre wavelength.
* involves exploring space by examining radio waves from outer space.
* is also very different than what most people associate with astronomy
- astronomical observation at radio wavelengths
- thus important both as pure research and as a training for scientists
* subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies.
* uses extremely sensitive radio telescopes as tools for data gathering
- radio waves to study regions of space
* works by gathering radio waves from outer space rather than visible light.
Visual astronomy
* is at least partly imagination all the time and from anywhere.
* waste of time in light-polluted cities.
Basic science
* can explain why certain things fail while others are successful.
* develops principles which underlie technology.
* is an investment in the future
- performed in a variety of contexts and model organisms
- the bedrock of clinical research
* provides the foundation for discovery of most new drug compounds.
* seeks to understand nature.
Behavioral science
* All behavioral science is rooted in direct observation of humans and animals.
* assumes that animal species behave in predictable ways.
* describes when and why information systems fail because of people problems.
* has experiments with white rats.
* is key to success.
Biological science
* are the basic foundation for many professions.
* is built upon classifying distinctions among organisms
- now one of the major areas of focus of scientific research worldwide
* life science
* seems to be taught as if it is concerned only with what happens on Earth. | {
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} |
### science:
Biology
* Most biology focuses on analyses.
* Most biology goes through developmental stages
- has complexity
- involves organisms
* Some biology focuses on variation
- has chemistry
- predicts existence.
* People who study biology are called biologists. Biology looks at how animals and other organisms behave and work, and what they are like. Biology also studies how organisms react with each other and the environment. It has existed as a science for about 200 years, and was preceded by natural history. Biology has many research fields and branches. Like all sciences, biology uses the scientific method. This means that biologists must be able to show evidence for their ideas, and that other biologists must be able to test the ideas for themselves
* also encompasses a wide range of scientific activity
* branch of knowledge that deals with living organisms and vital processes.
* can include trips to zoos or museums
- make vaccinations or germ weapons
* capitalizes on informational and physical regularities to organize behavior.
* common entry point into the health sciences.
* complex web of knowledge, with thousands of connected ideas.
* consists of fixed, everlasting truths.
* constrains the development of intelligence.
* covers the study of all the living beings and their interactions into the biosphere.
* deals with ecology
- effects
- environment interaction
- features
- heredity
- plant life
- terrestrial life
* defies dieting.
* determines our sex, how are born into the world.
* diverse area of study, however.
* division of chemistry- life exists due to chemistry.
* embodies the study and diversity of life.
* enables one to observe the variety and design of life.
* encompasses human endeavors ranging from agriculture to medicine to manufacturing
- the study of all living organisms, including microbes, plants, and animals
* especially includes the brain.
* examines the form, function, and interaction of living things.
* field of science.
- the relationships between the living and the nonliving world
* fragmented discipline subdivided into a myriad of specializations.
* general course in life science.
* growing and evolving discipline.
* has aspects
- concepts
- few laws
- universal principles
* includes a wide variety of sub-fields and related disciplines
- establishments
- zoological and botanical studies
* is about the study of life
- world of living things that everyone sees and experiences
- uncertainty, the unpredictable, and what gets done with it
- actually chemistry
- all about studying life and living organisms
- also a quest, an ongoing inquiry about the nature of life
* is also an important part of the foundation of many other career fields
- interdisciplinary subject
- an interdisciplinary basic science division
- anestimate science today
- astrobiology
- based on an understanding water, and many ecological processes are water related
- central to biotechnology
- closer to being in the same league as the sciences of the mind
- cosmology
- crucial to the fabric of today's society
- essentially nanotechnology that works now
- explained by chemistry and chemistry is explained by physics
- generally a loose and intricate science
- human hardware
- immobility
- often one of the largest majors at universities
- probably the most diverse of all the sciences
- replete with life histories of comparable or even greater complexity
- somewhat of a visual science
- still destiny, and women s presumed natural function is to produce children
- studied as a set of relationships which change through time
- the basic metaphor of the new civilization
* is the branch of science that deals with the study of living things
- investigates the form and function of living organisms
- disciplined study of living organisms
- epitome of a dynamic and growing scientific discipline
- field that has recently undergone a molecular genetics revolution
- largest department in the sciences based on the number of majors
- only science in which multiplication means the same thing as division
* is the science and the study of life and living systems
- concerned with the study of life
- devoted to the study of biological life
* is the science of life and life processes
- life, the study of living beings
- the improbable
* is the science that deals with living things
- studies the processes fundamental to all forms of life
- which addresses questions about life, both past and present
* is the scientific study of all living organisms, including human beings
- life - in principle, anyway
* is the story of evolution of living organisms on earth
- life on earth
- study of a. animals
* is the study of all living things including the science of plants, animals and humans
- animal and plant life
- complicated things that give the appearance of having been designed
- how living things live, die, and reproduce
* is the study of life and all of it's forms
- every day there is less life to study
- living organisms, from the smallest bacteria to giant sequoias
- represents one of the most dynamic disciplines in science
* is the study of living materials, from the smallest molecules to the largest organisms
- organisms and their interactions
- organisms, which can become very complicated
* is the study of living things, their composition and their interactions
- their life processes and how they adapt to their environment
- successive changes in genetic information and matter over time
- the laws and phenomena relating to plants and animals
- ultimately reducible to chemistry
* laboratory class examining the varieties of living organisms.
* laboratory-based study of life.
* literally means the study of life.
* looks as similarities and differences between living and extinct organisms.
* looks at how animals and other organisms behave and work , and what they are like
- living organisms, their development, and how they interact with each other
* makes things far smaller and more complex than anything produced by human engineering.
* means science of life.
* motivates animals to search for food or water.
* multifaceted discipline.
* natural science.
* new metaphor for human systems.
* offers an answer to the question of what is human
- similar inducements, notably the pleasure attached to the reproductive act
* part of nature.
* plays a large part in passion
- predictable, fixed role in most kids' development
- role in the behavioral sciences much like that of physics in the natural sciences
- very important role in the development of personality
* practical science.
* presents societies with certain limits with which each much deal.
* provides as many examples of presuppositional thinking as any other discipline
- evidence in support of basis behaviors at a variety of levels
- insight
- the mechanisms for learning and performance of behavior
* refers to the way the body functions in an environment.
* relies on knowledge from other disciplines.
* remains mysteries
- one of the most active areas of scientific research in Australia
* science and, as such, there can only be one true explanation for any problem.
* science of amazing diversity and breadth
- observation, experimentation, and applications
* science that has many specialties and offers exciting career opportunities
- impacts the everyday world
- with many deviations
* scientific discipline that explores the living world at all levels of complexity.
* seems to indicate a continuity of forms leading to man.
* set of processes that takes place in real time.
* starts when reproduction begins.
* still includes the two major divisions of botany and zoology.
* studies development
* studies the structures and functions of living organisms
- stuctures and functions of living organisms
* survey of the diversity of life, including all six King doms, viruses and prions.
* teaches that hard problems are often solved by the interaction of many simple systems
- humans evolved from slime
- relationships between living entities are circular and interactive
- the mainspring of life is in the cell
* technology, a meat technology.
* tends to build upon basic concepts.
* vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines.
* yields insight.
+ Human body, Fields of study: Anatomy
* Biology is a field of science. It studies living things. It looks at how the human body works. It studies how the human body came from evolution. It studies how genetics makes the human body.
+ Life processes
* Biology is the science that deals with living things. Sometimes it is necessary to make a difference between organisms that are alive, and other things that are not alive.
+ Natural sciences | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | biology:
Anatomy
* Anatomies are analysises
- morphology
* Anatomies have features
- few unique features
* Anatomies include faces
- straight faces
* Anatomies require cooperation
- excellent cooperation
- show features
* Most anatomies have unique features.
* Some anatomies consist of exoskeletons.
* always relates to physiology or more concisely, structure relates to function.
* discusses specific bones and substructure of bones.
* goes in-depth and covers all body parts, systems, and functions.
* is fundamental to modeling for mechanism
### science | biology | anatomy:
Comparative anatomy
* Comparative anatomies are anatomies.
* is an anatomy
- another method used to actualize evolution
- concerned with the structural differences of plant and animal forms
- the comparison of structure of different animals
* looks at the structures of various organisms.
* reveals the existence of plans of structure in large groups of organisms.
Female anatomy
* Some female anatomies share characteristics.
* is very specific, intricate, specialized.
Human anatomy
* includes the study of the various components of the human body.
* is designed to eat meat
- important for understanding the structure and mechanical function of the body
- much more similar to herbivores than carnivores
### science | biology | anatomy | microscopic anatomy:
Cytology
* is biology
- complex, requiring intense visual review of cells
* microscopic anatomy
### science | biology | anatomy | microscopic anatomy | cytology:
Urine cytology
* involves screening a urine sample for cancer cells.
* is necessary in the evaluation of patients with hematuria.
Uterine cytology
* can also detect the presence of urine contamination and fungal infections.
* swab of the cells lining the uterus.<|endoftext|>### science | biology | anatomy | microscopic anatomy:
Histology
* begins with the structure and activities of the cell.
* deals with techniques for looking at tissues under a microscope
- tissues, and cytology with the fine structures of individual cells
* demonstrates an overgrowth of enlarged endothelial lined vascular spaces.
* features deposits of beta amyloid, neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangles.
* includes cytochemical and immunocytochemical staining and labeling.
* involves visualizing the bacteria under the microscope.
* is an image-intensive discipline
- characterized by an intense perivascular infiltrate extending into subcutaneous fat
- diagnostic and simple excision curative
- done to both qualify and quantify the tissue at the experimental site
- fundamental to an understanding of pathology and elements of cell biology
* is the basis for understanding physiologic and pathologic processes
- microscopic study of tissue structure
- science of the minute structure of cells, tissues and organs
* is the study of cell and tissue structure at the microscopic level
- how cells are organized into tissue
* is the study of the organization of tissues and organs using the microscope
- structure of tissues
- tissues, including cellular structure and function
- usually squamous cell carcinoma arising from dysplasia
* prepares tissues from biopsies and surgery for examination by a pathologist.
* refers to the actual tumor pathology.
* reveals tumorous growth of the glands of brunner, which implies benign proliferation.
* shows a cellular interstitial pneumonia
- lymphocytic bronchitis, focal squamous metaplasia, and luminal PMNs
- epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
- extensive neuronal loss and gliosis
- hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, acanthosis, and variable acantholysis
- luminal obstruction of the distal tubules and collecting ducts by urate crystals
- sebaceous gland hypertrophy, scarring, acanthosis, and frequent telangiectasia
+ Cytology, Other pages: Molecular biology | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | biology | anatomy:
Neuroanatomy
* Neuroanatomies are anatomies.
* emphasizes cranial nerve central connections and functions.
- one of the latest fields involved in uncovering the possible causes of autism
- the study of the brain
* primarily involves training in basic anatomical skills.
Osteology
* can also help to determine the length of time since death.
* is an anatomy
* very useful tool for scientists working on identifying human remains.
Plant anatomy
* focuses on the internal structure of plants.
* involves studies at the light and electron microscope level.<|endoftext|>### science | biology | anatomy:
Topology
* Topologies are configurations
- math
- imply that extant acarpocephalate taxa are derived from carpocephalate forms
* branch of geometry which arose in the twentieth-century
- mathematics dealing with properties of continuity
* branch of mathematics that deals with relationships among geometric objects
- describes properties that only change step-wise
- mathmatics that concerns itself with the study of surfaces
* changes in fluid membranes.
* defines relationships between simple geometric entities
- the relationships of network features such as connectivity and directionality
* is almost the most basic form of geometry there is
- also the underpinning of modern geometry
* is an abstract study of how points are joined together
- at the foundation of almost all other mathematics in one way or another
- formed during polygon formation
- one of five or six basic branches of mathematics
* is the arrangement of the various parts of the network
- branch of mathematics that examines the characteristics of geometric shapes
* is the mathematical study of the subsets of sets
- subject that study the spatial forms
- mathematically explicit rules that govern the connections between spatial objects
- property that describes adjacency and connectivity of features
- study of curves and surfaces where bending and twisting is ignored
* is used in many different areas of mathematics
- to apply intelligence to data held in the vector data model
* mathematical procedure for explicitly defining spatial relationships.
* means position and form.
* naturally arises out of data and is defined by statistical correlations.
* qualitative study of shapes and other mathematical objects.
* refers to the configuration or the different ways stations or nodes are connected.
* refers to the physical and logical movement of data through a network
- way a network is wired
- way the computers in the network are connected together
* specifies the geometric arrangement of the network.
* studies general properties of closeness, without wanting to measure distances
- invariants of spaces
- patterns of closeness and position
- the structures of geometric objects in a very general way
* term that describes the network layout, or how the devices on a network are connected.
* uses observation to distinguish various spaces.
### science | biology | biogeography:
Island biogeography
* can help explain island species and associated unfilled niches.
* is the study of the distribution of plants and animals on islands. | {
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} |
### science | biology:
Biotechnology
* Most biotechnology uses techniques.
* Some biotechnology depends upon genetic engineering.
* advances in oil affecting coconut production.
* advances, however, are predominantly taking place in the industrialized world.
* allows individual genes to be moved with precision from one plant to another
- with precisionfrom one plant to another
- mass production of proteins that are difficult to obtain otherwise
* already plays a major role in agriculture.
* also applies to non-food uses in significant ways
- contributes to the elimination of pesticides
- finds applications to conservation
- has the potential of creating major advances in medicine
* also has the potential to bring forth a wave of new consumer products
- remove allergens from foods like peanuts, soy, and wheat
- helps breeders understand how closely parental lines are related
- offers other potential benefits for poor people in developing countries
- stands to improve human health
* appears to be leading a sudden biological revolution into the next century.
* applies the same principles to living organisms as do other technologies.
* associated with marine organisms field that projects a strong future.
* benefits both producers and consumers.
* big and controversial field of science.
* booming bussiness employing thousands of microbiologists.
* broad field
- term for a very multi-faceted industry
- umbrella encompassing the polarities of fundamental and applied research
* builds better crops and offers farmers improved profit opportunities.
* can also help address critical issues of malnutrition worldwide
- reduce pressure on tropical rain forests
- reduce allergens in foods
* can be a tool to overcome the food and food quality deficiency
- one of the most important tools to maximize market returns
- useful in increasing crop and animal yields
- bring many benefits to medicine, the environment and industry
- deliver better, more effective medicines
- enhance the ability of existing pathogens to get past the weed's defenses
* can help alleviate hunger world-wide
- create crops that can help keep our streams, lakes and rivers cleaner
- grow crops resistant to plant disease and harmful insects
- in producing more and better foods in developing countries
- to reduce water use, soil erosion and emissions that add to climate change
* can improve nutrition among developing nations
- productivity and, for example, reduce pesticide use
- the quality, taste and nutritional benefits of food
- lead to grains with more protein, vitamins or minerals
* can make agriculture less environmentally intrusive
- great strides in food production
- medicine better and more effective
- mean different things to different people
- now cross animals with plants, leaving the vegetarian confused
- play a significant role in the future of agriculture
- provide the means for enhancing current breeding programs
- radically increase the speed of plant and animal breeding
* can reduce farmers' reliance on chemicals
- the use of pesticides and herbicides
- speed the selection and breeding of crops with desired traits
- thus indirectly help to save energy
* can, for example, also benefit animals and the environment.
* case in which such an expansion has had recursive consequences.
* collection of links to resources organized by subject.
* combines biology with technology to produce new biological materials and processes.
* contributes to our ability to keep livestock healthy and productive.
* counts as one kind of nanotechnology, and at present remains by far the most advanced.
* covers a wide array of processes and procedures.
* cuts across many disciplines and impacts all of life
- sectors of industry
* depends on the ability to manipulate chemical structure.
* developing industry with great promise for the future.
* difficult subject to get one's head around.
* driving force in the patent industry today
- of change
* enables genes to be manipulated.
* encompasses a huge area of scientific knowledge, from manipulating genes to cloning.
* facilitates the precise modification of traits of interest.
* focuses on the mechanics of life processes and their application.
* frontier area of science with a high promise for the welfare of humanity.
* goes hand in hand with intensive monoculture, using single crops grown in huge fields.
* growing field providing many advances in numerous areas of human interest
- science and industry
* growing, high risk industry.
* has a role in saving animal species from extinction.
* has an important role to play to improve nutrition values and food security worldwide
- increasing social and ethical impact on our lives
- applications in both plant and animal breeding
- many facets and there career for almost everyone
- some interesting applications
* has the potential to affect world agriculture dramatically
- make agriculture much more productive
- render crops virtually free from insects, disease and bacteria
- save and improve millions of lives worldwide
- tremendous potential to help fight hunger
* helps combat diseases
- create safe and nutritious foods with some extra benefits
- feed the world
* high-technology industry that employs highly trained personnel.
* holds great promise for American farmers and for the environment
- promise for changing that picture and for poverty alleviation
* holds the future of tomatoes
- promise of higher yields and disease free crops
* holds tremendous benefits for society
- promise globally for food consumers, producers, and the environment
* impacts the continuity of life and evolution.
* improves on traditional methods by removing the guesswork.
* includes food, pharmaceuticals, and genomics
- life sciences, biosciences and medical sciences
* increases the profits of only corporations.
* influences almost all areas of business, agriculture and medicine in today s world.
* involves swapping genetic coding between plants
- the use of the natural processes found in microorganisms, plants and animals
- using the latest in molecular biology for commercial applications
* is about making money for the biotech industry
- all that stands between a burgeoning world population and starvation
- also a competitive business
* is an applied science that uses the basic ingredients of life to make new products
- area of biology that is growing rapidly
- emergent technological sector with the consequent economic risks
- evolution of traditional agricultural methods
- exciting field and has tremendous potential to impact human health
- important tool for fighting hunger
- increasingly important, and controversial topic in agriculture
- international boom industry
- umbrella term for a series of different tools
* is another area of growing cooperation between the United States and Africa
- means for generating new genotypes
- tool for farmers to utilize to bring abundance to America
* is as old as industrial microbiology going back to pre-Biblical days
- winemaking and animal husbandry, yet as new as recombinant DNA methods
- at the apex of a reconfiguration of science, medicine, and agriculture
- bad for human health
- based on a mechanistic worldview developed more than four-hundred years ago
* is beneficial to both consumers and the environment
- consumers, food processors and farmers
- both an intellectual and an economic pursuit
- compatible with sustainable agriculture
- currently among the fastest growing fields in the world
* is currently one of the fastest expanding fields in the United States
- most prominent new technologies
- defined by the tools used to practice it
- increasingly important in modern agriculture
- likely to come up with new therapies for many more unconquered diseases
- listed as an industry
- on the verge of having a major economic impact
- one field which has the potential to change the course of life itself
* is one of many ways to develop new products
- the areas having a particularly hard time recruiting workers and scientists
* is one of the fastest growing industries is the world
- sectors in the world economy
- high-techs at the fastest development speed worldwide
- industries state planners say can provide stable, good-paying jobs
- key, expanding, high-tech areas of important economical impact
- main growth areas in science
* is one of the most extensively researched agricultural developments ever
- researched and reviewed agricultural developments ever
- researched and reviewed developments in agriculture
- prestigious, fastest growing sectors in the global economy
- promising, and most controversial, technologies of our times
- research-intensive industries in the world
- world's fastest growing industrial sectors
- the world s fastest growing and exciting scientific disciplines
- primarily an economic tool
- really no more than a name given to a set of techniques and processes
- responsible for breakthroughs that have benefitted people for centuries
- said to be the cure for world hunger
- science's new frontier
- simply the latest development in the evolution of agricultural methods
- substantially a research driven technology requiring highly skilled labour
- the application of all the basic stuff that's been put into their heads
* is the application of biological knowledge to useful ends
- systems towards the manufacture of useful products
- techniques to product research and development
- engineering and technology in life science
- business of biological sciences
- commercial use of living organisms
- development of products and services which are based on biological processes
- direct manipulation of our genes
- engineering of enhanced biological organs, genetics, and cloning
- foundation for numerous areas of research
- industry of the future
- most powerful bundle of new technologies currently under development
- practical application of biological science
- prefect example of imperfection
* is the science of the present
- using living organisms to improve our lives, health or environment
- technology of the future
* is the use of living organisms to create or improve products
- to make commercial products
- things to make products
- things, or life processes to make something useful
- organisms or their products to improve human health and food production
- to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes
- therefore good for the environment
* is used as a tool to overcome domestication and marketing problems
- to advance knowledge of cell reproduction and human disease
* is, of course, dependent on life itself.
* leads the way in medical innovation by confronting life's most threatening illnesses.
* literally means then the study of techniques applied in living systems.
* maintains varietal identity but can only improve traits under simple control.
* makes possible the development of crops protected from certain types of plant viruses.
* means different things to different people
- lots of life forms
* multifaceted area of biological science with a wide range of applications.
* natural area for cooperation between Egypt and Israel.
* new field of study opening up in crop and soil sciences.
* new, vibrant discipline.
* now makes it possible to create previously undreamed-of vaccines.
* offers huge benefits for humankind, especially in medicine.
* offers the chance to change medicine forever
- possibility of an essential change in medicine
- potential to produce more food using fewer inputs and less land
* part of an ongoing biomolecular revolution and therefore a moving target
- our daily lives
* plays a key role in waste treatment and remediation
- an important part of our daily lives
* postgraduate course designed to prepare the participants for work in industry.
* potent and valuable tool that can help make foods more productive and nutritious.
* presents particular risks for disabled people
- the possibility of correcting genetic disorders
* process that enhances taste, flavor and nutritional value of foods.
* produces safe, high quality and abundant crops, helping to keep food prices low.
* promises a range of benefits for people around the world.
* promises to improve the quality of life for people around the world
- meet a wide range of human needs
* promising enviro-friendly solution to future world hunger.
* protects our environment.
* provides new, high nutrition foods such as vegetable oil from canola
- treatments
* quantum leap in selective breeding and crop improvement.
* rapidly growing industry.
* relatively recent field of research and things are still moving in Europe
- small industry, but is growing rapidly
* relies upon using safe, reliable, cultures and related resources.
* represents the fastest growing area of employment growth for the future
- potential to improve the nutritional quality of food
* results from mergers of seed companies and pesticide companies.
* science that is most likely the science.
* still remains separate from nanotechnology efforts.
* symbolizes the liberation of the body.
* technical scientific issue.
* touches on central issues of life, human identity and religion.
* type of information technology.
* uses enzymes to bio-convert, synthesize or degrade molecules and chemicals
- living organisms to create new products
- technological science to improve plants and animals
* very popular study of science in the state of Iowa. | {
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} |
### science | biology | biotechnology:
Agricultural biotechnology
* holds promise for a hungry and ecologically fragile world.
* is an area where growth is outpacing that of nearly all other fields
- one of the most promising developments in modern science
- seen as the domain of big-name multinational corporations
- the use of plant or animal products in order to enhance products
* offers benefits to consumers, farmers and the environment.
* reduces our dependence on pesticides.
* significant and growing contributor to the western economy.
Food biotechnology
* can help increase the world s food supply.
* is about benefiting the food supply
- based on age-old principles of selective breeding
- the use of genetic science to create new products from plants and animals
Marine biotechnology
* fast growing sector of the region's ocean technology expertise.
* rapidly growing field.
Modern biotechnology
* aims to understand and exploit biological processes for practical ends.
* has the capacity to contribute significantly to world food security.
* includes genetic engineering and cloning.
* is based on the industrial exploitation of microbes
- one of the ways by which such improvements can be achieved
Molecular biotechnology
* is undeniably where the money is, both in academia and industry.
* looks at applications of biologically based sciences.
* scientific discipline that is based on that ability.
Botany
* Most botany shows growth.
* Some botany presents physiology.
* deals with types.
* has limitations.
### science | biology | botany:
Economic botany
* concerns the past, present, and future use of plants by people.
* includes the study of botany harmful and beneficial plants and plant products.
Mycology
* Mycologies are botany.
* branch of botany that deals with fungi.
* is biology
- the scientific name for the study of fungi
* is the study of fungi - it branch of biology
- and their genetics, taxonomy and biochemistry
- fungi, including wild mushrooms
Cellular biology
* is one facet of biology that is intensely studied.
* looks to the gene to specify a structural element.
Computational biology
* encompasses bioinformatics and mathematical biology.
* field at the frontier of genetics.
* new emerging area that has applications as broad as biology itself.
Conservation biology
* is an actual science with very specific requirements
- effort to protect biodiversity
- integrative approach to the protection and management of biodiversity
- dedicated to collaborative conservation biology research and education
* relatively new discipline.
Cryobiology
* Cryobiologies are biology.
* is the science of preserving biological specimens at low temperatures
- that studies biological activity at low temperatures
- study of living things at low temperature
* routinely is used to preserve tissues such as blood and skin.
* usually judges success by restoration of vital functions and spontaneous reanimation.
Developmental biology
* is at the core of all biology
- concerned with the processes underlying the development of organisms
- something almost completely ignored in discussions of feather evolution
* suggests that a strict belief in absolute sexual dimorphism is incorrect.<|endoftext|>### science | biology:
Embryology
* Some embryology has outcomes.
* begins with cells resulting from reproductive systems.
* continues to play a role in current evolutionary dogma.
* has to do with the young or developmental stages of animals.
* is concerned with the development of the embryo and the foetus
- covered from implantation to birth
- similar to renal duplication
- the science studying the emergence of living order
* is the study of early or developmental stages of life
- the early development of animals and plants
* study of how cells in the embryo of various organisms decide their fates.
* teaches that early embryos all start out as female. | {
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} |
### science | biology | embryology:
Teratology
* is embryology
- the scientific discipline involved with the study of birth defects
* means the study of monsters.<|endoftext|>### science | biology:
Entomology
* Entomologies are zoology
- provide methods
* Get up close to the world of insects.
* Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
* Make a chart of the life cycle of the Florida butterfly ballot.
* Some entomologies use evidence.
* combination of botany, zoology, biology, and horticulture.
* is biology
- historically, economically and socially salient to human endeavor
- that branch of science that deals with the study of insects
* is the science of insects, but work is also carried on with rats, mice and other pests
- scientific study of insects
- study of insect life forms and subdivision of zoology
* is the study of insects and related animals
- related arthropods
- insects, and the people involved are called entomologists
* preveterinary curriculum that provides an admirable foundation for graduate studies.
* requires an understanding of math and science.
* science rich with investigative history.
* very old science.
Environmental biology
* deals with ecology.
* is the one area of science in which many students show any interest.<|endoftext|>### science | biology:
Ethology
* discipline of zoology, which is one of the biological sciences.
* emphasizes behavior product of evolution and is biologically determined.
* field of basic biology, like ecology or genetics.
* is the naturalistic study of behavior from an evolutionary perspective
- scientific study of an animal's behavior in the wild
* is the scientific study of animal behavior, especially in nature
- the behaviour of animals in their natural environments
* is the study of animal behavior from an evolutionary prospective
- behavior, based in zoology
- behaviour in relationship to human behavioural patterns
- term used for the study of animal behavior
* rapidly growing field.
* recognizes that behaviour in animals is governed by motivation.
* subdiscipline of behaviorism.
* too has a mixed parentage.
### science | biology | ethology:
Cognitive ethology
* seeks to define the limits of animal mind.
* starts from the animal as sentient being.<|endoftext|>### science | biology:
Evolutionary biology
* Most evolutionary biology has aspects
- concepts
* Some evolutionary biology predicts existence.
* can explain complexity.
* contains a vast and complicated science of who s fitter than who.
* describes a form of sexual selection that deals with mate choice.
* is the study of the origin of life.
* more productive analogy for social science.
* science of high versus low probabilities.
* theory or a way of understanding the diversity of living things.
* unifies a large number of areas in biology and can be quite philosophical.
+ Evolution, Responses to the idea of evolution, Debates about the fact of evolution: History of science
* Evolutionary biology is a more recent idea. Certain religious groups oppose the idea of evolution more than other religious groups do.
Exobiology
* Exobiologies are astrobiology
- frequently misunderstood
* is the name of the science that studies the possibility of extraterrestrial life
- study of extraterrestrial life
Forestry
* causes reforestation, the opposite of deforestation.
* plays a part in every community in BC, whether large or small.
* study the tree's life from seed to adult.
* wetlands, restoration ecology, waste management using forests and constructed wetlands.
### science | biology | forestry:
Commercial forestry
* can be either conifer of hardwood species.
* means growing trees for commercial use.
Community forestry
* long-term commitment with risks of failure.
* major strategy for developing and managing forest resources of the country. | {
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} |
### science | biology | forestry:
Silviculture
* are forestry.
* can reduce losses from the southern pine beetle.
* includes all non-Federal forest land.
* is forestry
* is to timber as agronomy is to row-crops
- trees what agriculture is to crops
- viewed as applied ecology
* responsibility and concern to all of the timber industries.
Sustainable forestry
* adds biological diversity to a forest.
* can add biological diversity to a forest.
* contributes to water quality enhancement.
* is an emerging concept for managing renewable forest resources
- forest preservation
- one key to achieving harmony between environment and economy
* modern concept and several definitions for it that are evolving.
Urban forestry
* can have an important productive role in urban and peri-urban areas.
* is the management of forested ecosystems dominated by human activity.
* provides healthy tree communities in urban situations.
Genetic science
* holds the keys to life itself.
* is biology
Genetics
* affects aspects
- behavior
- growth
* cans have effects
- powerful effects
* explains attributes.
* has huge impact
- roles
* involves diagnoses.
* plays big roles
- critical roles
- huge roles
- important roles
- major roles
- pivotal roles
- secondary roles
- significant roles
- vital roles
* provides evidence.
* relies on principles.
### science | biology | genetics:
Genetic change
* All genetic changes are the result of environmental adaptations.
* Any genetic changes occur very gradually, over time.
* can occur at different levels and by different mechanisms
- randomly by mutation
- remove that protein
* caused by environmental risks occur along sequences of DNA at highly variable rates.
* occur when there change in the gentic code.
* result of a planned breeding program.<|endoftext|>### science | biology | genetics:
Genetic counseling
* can have a major impact on a person's life.
* can help affected adults make informed decisions about family planning
- couples through the decisionmaking process about family planning
- determine the probability of producing an affected offspring
- people with questions about genetic concerns affecting their families
- predict the risk of retinoblastoma if a family history is present
* involves more than just communicating complex medical information to families.
* is also useful for the families of affected children.
* is an expanding field in the era of genomic medicine
- important aspect in the treatment of retinoblastoma
- irregular calling just taking form as a profession
- available to help determine an individual's personal risk of cancer
- guidance
- helpful for determining the risk for offspring in high-risk couples
- important for all families who have affected children
* is important for families with inherited anemias
- the disease
- indicated in families with a known history
- the foundation for treating patients and families with inherited conditions
- useful for people with a family history of the disease
* relatively new health profession.
* translates scientific knowledge into practical information.
Genetic counselling
* can help to predict the occurrence for individual families
- quantify risks for particular parents in their individual circumstances
* is complex for mitochondrial diseases
- likely to assist in the prevention of heritable dentofacial anomalies
Genetic instability
* hallmark of cancer.
* occurs in the majority of young patients with colorectal cancer.
* refers to the ease with which malignant cells can develop additional mutations.
Genetic programming
* are computer programming.
* finds the symbolic functions that are to be applied to the inputs.
* is applied to the appearance of an image creating variations of the original.
* uses the principles of evolution to evolve 'intelligent' programs. | {
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} |
### science | biology | genetics:
Genetic research
* controversial issue that is becoming increasingly topical.
* creates information at an exponential rate.
* divides people.
* has countless applications in agriculture as well as medicine and other fields.
* is another area where thermophiles are used
- further extension for the human mind to understand our own beings
- one of the fastest growing areas of medicine in the nineties
* large part of the future of science and biomedicine.
* raises a complex range of legal, ethical and social issues for Indigenous peoples.
* shows that many diseases have their origin in tiny imperfections in genetic coding
- schizophrenia is based on a genetic predisposition for the disease
* suggests there are also some right whales that have never been photographed.<|endoftext|>### science | biology | genetics:
Genetic testing
* becomes more controversial when the health defect is more severe.
* broad and complex field.
* can affect relationships with family members
- alert people to any predisposition to inherited diseases
* can also help to determine carrier status
- lead to better risk management and more informed decisions
* can assist sound decision-making in a range of situations
- wide range of situations
- be as positive as it is negative
- confirm the presence of an inherited condition
- help ease fears that older women experience when they become pregnant
- lead to discrimination
- now determine if cattle carry genes for growing horns
- often make the diagnosis at birth
- seriously strain family relations
* can show whether a parent or child carrier of the mutated gene
- the parents and extended family have the faulty gene
- sometimes raise more uncertainty about the future than provide answers
- tell parents a lot about their unborn children, especially health defects
* does occur in a range of different areas.
* ensures that a dog is pure-bred.
* has another important use besides screening for disorders and traits.
* involves potential risks as well as benefits.
* is able to identify individuals who are genetically predisposed to certain diseases.
* is an accurate way to predict disease
- invasion of privacy
- issue that brings many ethical and moral questions to light
* is available for many different types of inherited hearing loss
- to detect mutations in members of high-risk families
- done to search for the locations of genes
- feasible to identify the diseased gene in a family
- for the possibility of future disease in a currently healthy person
- more likely to aid in diagnosis in families with multiple affected members
- now available for a number of hereditary cancer syndromes
- of limited value in family members in whom autoantibody levels are known
- offered to all males with severe and otherwise unexplained very low sperm counts
- one of the newest methods for predicating a person's health
* is performed for purposes other than medical treatment
- on a small sample of blood from the interested individual
- possible by looking for an expanded repeat in the gene
- the most specific diagnostic test for harlequin ichthyosis
- used primarily to confirm a diagnosis or to identify affected family members
- useful for identification
- usually something people view as a double-edged sword
- valuable and allows people to know if they are carriers of certain genes
* offers the most accurate way to diagnose albinism.
* powerful tool that can be used for good or for bad
- for many prurposes
* quick and painless way to establish paternity.
* raises a number of ethical issues
- many important issues for individuals and their families | {
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} |
### science | biology | genetics:
Genetics research
* has applications in many different fields.
* helps scientists decide which area to target in enzyme design.
* is our greatest hope to reduce and one day eliminate many genetic diseases.
* looks at mutated animal subjects to find out what the particular gene does.
* raises many ethical, legal, and social issues.
+ Zinc finger: Genetic engineering :: Enzymes
* They can be designed to work on specific parts of genes to create a desired change. The two types of DNA changes are mutations such as deletions and insertions. Genetics research looks at mutated animal subjects to find out what the particular gene does.
Population genetics
* provides evidence.
* relies on principles.
Human biology
* evolves in large measure as the development of the capacity for culture.
* has as many variations as there are humans
- important implications in the personal lives of all students
* is under enormous oxidative stress.
* is, it's true, wired up for sex and nothing else.<|endoftext|>### science | biology:
Marine biology
* branch of biology.
* cuts across many fields of study and covers many subjects.
* growth area for employment, particularly in South Australia.
* is closely related to oceanography, the scien- tific study of the oceans
- one of several specialties in the field of biology
- the most exciting, diverse area of biology
* is the scientific study of animals and plants that live in salt water
- organisms in the ocean or other marine bodies of water
* is the study of microorganisms and life forms underwater
- organisms that happen to be marine
- plants and animals that live in the sea
* vast field with many different types of research.
* very broad field of science.
* wide, varied field.
Mathematical biology
* Most mathematical biology involves the interpretation of data.
* is as diverse as are the areas making up the biological and medical sciences. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | biology:
Microbiology
* basic inquiry into the significance of microbes in our environment.
* broad field due to the enormous diversity of microbial life.
* course which can be interesting when applied to daily life.
* deals with microscopic cellular life forms and viruses.
* diverse subject covering biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology and immunology.
* explores the world of organisms too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
* fails to isolate a definite pathogen.
* field fundamental to all of biology.
* focuses on the nature and biology of micro-organisms.
* includes the disciplines virology, mycology, parasitology, bacteriology, and so on.
* involves the study of bacteria, yeasts, viruses and parasites.
* is about understanding microorganisms and their activities.
* is an area of biology that covers the lifestyles of bacteria and viruses
- extremely diverse discipline
- important basic science which also has important practical applications
- by nature a broad discipline, covering a wide range of quite diverse areas
- concerned with the forms and activities of bacteria, yeasts, molds, and viruses
- inherently an experimental, rather than an observational, science
* is one of the most important and exciting of the biological sciences
- rapidly developing biological sciences today
- world s leading microbiological journals
- quite an broad field due to the enormous diversity of microbial life
- relevant to daily life
- studied including topics on viruses, bacteria, and protozoa
- the study of biological organisms and agents too small to see with the unaided eye
* is the study of living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye
- that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
- microbes, or microscopic organisms, and deals with bacteria
* is the study of microorganisms and how they interact with the environment
- their interactions with people and the environment
- microorganisms, specifically disease-causing microorganisms
* is the study of microscopic organisms, their activities, and applications
* is the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
- small to be seen without the aid of a microscope
- unicellular microscopic organisms
- thus a central discipline in modern biology
* is, of course, a vast and dynamic field.
* rapidly expanding field with extensive opportunities in many areas.
* science with important applications.
* uses sterile tube for culture.
### science | biology | microbiology:
Bacteriology
* analyzes, evaluates and interprets plate growth for pathogens.
* division of microbiology.
* is medicine
- the science dealing with bacteria
* utilizes conventional methods to identify bacteria, molds, and fungi.
+ Microbiology: Viruses :: Protista :: Prokaryotes<|endoftext|>### science | biology:
Molecular biology
* broad subject which utilizes many areas of research expertise.
* confirms evolutionary transitions.
* holds the promise of life extension, conscious reproduction, and life enhancement.
* is biology
- close to completing the map of the human genome
- concerned with the minutiae of a machinery of daunting complexity
- one of the most exciting and rapidly advancing areas of biology
* is the area of concentration, and it is also a home for Drosophila research data
- field of genetic engineering
- useful in many fields
- without doubt the most acronym- intensive area of contemporary biology
* plays an increasingly important role in patient evaluation.
* provides strong evidence for the claim that all life-forms are related.
* relatively new science. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | biology:
Morphology
* Morphologies are consistent with monoclinic symmetry as are electron diffraction patterns.
* exerts an important influence on the properties of thermoplastics.
* involves suffixes, vowel and consonant alternations, and tonal variation.
- grammars
- still the most common method used for describing species
- structures
* refers to physical shape and appearance.
* refers to the form and structure of organisms
- rules for building and modifying the meaning of words
### science | biology | morphology:
Mathematical morphology
* is well-suited to capturing geometric information.
* powerful, shaped-based method often used in image processing.
Plant morphology
* can also yield clues to taxonomic and evolutionary relationships.
* observes both the vegetative structures of plants and reproductive structures.
Oology
* branch of ornithology that deals with the study of birds' eggs.
* is biology
Organismal biology
* focuses on the tissues, organs, and organ systems of living organisms.
* spans a wide variety of topics.
Ornithology
* Ornithologies are zoology.
* branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds.
* is biology
* is the branch of zoology dealing with birds
- which deals with birds
* is the scientific study of birds and bird biology
* is the study of birds which sub division of zoology | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | biology:
Physiology
* All physiology is basically mathematical modeling of biological systems.
* Most physiology includes physiology.
* Some physiology deals with development.
* basic discipline of medicine, odontology and biology.
* branch of biology.
* concerns the function of the body in health.
* contributes to success.
* covers function, biological processes, their integration and control
- human cellular and organ physiology and includes a study of histology
- plant parts, their function, and the life processes within plants
* focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions.
* general treatment of the biology and mechanics of the major organ systems.
- studying how living organisms adjust to the adversities of their environments
* is accomplished by chemical processes
- also the study of how organisms move and reason and learn to cooperate
- among the oldest disciplines of the basic biomedical sciences
- an integrative subject and therefore many groups overlap at all levels
- concerned with the mechanisms of organismal function
- essentially the internal stimulus that triggers a number of behavioural responses
- explained as a dynamic process of clearly defined chains of causal links
- how animals convert and transfer matter and energy in their daily lives
- largely a study of processes related to homeostasis
- one of the cornerstones of the biology and health sciences
- presented from both a biochemical and organismal point of view
* is the essential foundation for the study of medicine and veterinary science
- life science that is concerned with how living things function
* is the study of biochemical functions of living organisms
- biological function
- body function
- cellular metabolism including growth and biochemical processes
- function in living tissue
- functions in a living animal
* is the study of how animals function
- living systems work
- plants function and interact with their environment
- the living organism functions
* is the study of the function and activities of living things and their parts
- of body parts and the body as a whole
* is the study of the functions and dynamics of the body
- and functional relationships of parts of an organism
- of animals
- functions, mechanisms and structures of living organisms
- genetic basis of life
- normal function of the body
- way humans and animal function
- therefore integral to the advancement of health and medicine
- very much an experimental science
* presents major problems
* processes underlying the seasonal pattern of growth in British grassland.
* provides knowledge of the function of the human body.
* seeks to understand the mechanisms that operate within the individual organism.
* serves as a bridge between cellular biology and control theory and systems analysis
- biology, control theory and systems analysis
### science | biology | physiology:
Exercise physiology
* demonstrates the extremes of physiological stress.
* focuses on the body's response to exercise and movement.
* is an emerging and expanding profession within the health services industry
- entrenched in the practice of research
- the study of how people adapt to change in activity patterns
Human physiology
* has a biological affinity for organic minerals.
* is predicated on the homeostatic functioning of organs that are composed of cells
- significantly different from the physiologies of mice, rats, and other species
- the study of how the human body functions
* very complex and often times quite perplexing. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | biology | physiology:
Kinesiology
* Kinesiologies are physiology.
* addresses physiological, mechanical, and psychological mechanisms.
* can detect and correct chakra imbalances with crystals, colours, etc.
* is physiology
* is the fastest growing, and most comprehensive holistic therapy in the world today
- comprehensive wholistic therapy in the world today
- science of exercise
* is the science of human motion
- movement and mechanics
- the movement of muscle and electromagnetic energy
* is the study of human movement and performance
- movement or, more generally, the study of physical activity
- muscle and bone groups that act together to create movement
- muscles and motion related to the wellness of the body
* is the study of the human body during movement
- principals of anatomical mechanics in relation to human movement
- principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement
- very important, especially to anyone in the field of athletics
* leads to increased physical and mental, emotional and spiritual well-being.
* non-invasive energetic healing science.
* provides a vibrational assessment of bodily tissue.
* refers to the study of movement.
* science, an art, a skill.
* truly holistic approach to natural health care.
* uses muscle testing to communicate directly with the body
- muscle-testing to locate and unblock imbalances and blockages in the life energy
* works for the greater majority of people.
### science | biology | physiology | kinesiology:
Applied kinesiology
* system of evaluating body function through testing muscle strength.
* uses manual muscle testing as both a diagnostic and treatment tool.
Pomology
* is biology
* is the science of apple growing, and a pomologist person who plants and grows apples
- growing fruit crops
Radiation biology
* encompasses studies from the molecular level to ecosystem studies.
* refers to the study of the effects of radiation on living things.
Radiobiology
* basic research discipline to establish novel treatment modalities.
* is biology
Structural biology
* involves the study of the structure of biological molecules.
* is used for downstream optimisation of enzyme function.
Synthetic biology
* employs designer microbes and microbiota transplants against tumors.
* has the potential to generate a new industrial revolution.
* is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering
- one of the newest branches of biology that has arisen in recent years
* new area of biotechnology that combines science and biological engineering.
Wildlife biology
* is the study of wild vertebrate animals, their habitats and their environment.
* multi-disciplinary approach to the study of wild animals and their habitats. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Chemistry
* French science.
* Investigate the formation and destruction of ozone.
* Most chemistry applies chemistry
- focuses on chemistry
- is trading ions or electrons
* Some chemistry affects concentration.
* also deals with the transformations that they undergo
- focuses on transformations of matter from one form to another
- is pivotal in drug discovery
* applies to all processes occurring in the world
- most processes occurring in the world
* associates with nuclear reaction
* begins with a study of atomic structure and how chemical activity is determined.
* branch of science that has enhanced every aspect of our lives.
* broad science.
* can improve nutrition or make nerve gas.
* central science of great importance to society.
* challenging discipline which requires hard work.
* component of nearly every aspect of our daily lives.
* concerns what stuff is, how it behaves, and how it is made.
* constitutes the basis for life.
* contributes to the basics of science and technology.
* controls the environment.
* creature of the wonderful differences between atoms.
* cumulative subject where one principle builds upon another.
* deals with the composition, properties and behavior of matter.
* dynamic science because new discoveries are being made in chemistry every day.
* emerges from physics, biology from chemistry, and intelligence from biology.
* encompasses a wide field of sciences.
* explains life itself.
* field that is challenging and interesting for study.
- the atomic and molecular systems
* foundation science and as such is related to both biology and physics
* fundamental driver in the business and commerce sector of our society
- science concerned with the behaviour of molecules
- topic for many disciplines
* gradual process that is built over time.
* hands-on science.
* has a great deal to do with what nutrients are available
- history
- stucture that is produced by ordered relationships among concepts
* has many divisions, which often overlap each other as well as with other sciences
- facets
- no less important names
- power
* impacts on all aspects of our lives.
* includes atoms, molecules and ions, periodic table, and chemical bonding
- calculations with chemical formulas, chemical reactions, and solutions
- the study of atoms, molecules, states of matter, and chemical reactions
* indeed mediates a variety of essential biological interactions.
* involves a lot of math as well a physical science and physics
- investigations
- the study of substances and energy
* is about the elements, their combinations, and their reactions
- actually physics
- all about problem solving
* is all about studying matter and how it changes
* is also central to the development of new technologies and advances in other sciences
- the enabling science for a huge range of technologies
* is an active science that is vital to human existence
- activity of creative individualists
- emergent phenomenon of physics
* is an essential component of environmental science
- part of our lives
- exact science
* is an experimental science with a solid foundation in theory
- science, involving both quantitative and qualitative observations
* is an important factor along with work philosophy
- part of a child's growing into an educated citizen
- old and well established science
* is another classes which all engineers have to take, in varying quantities
- globally recognised field of specialisation
- applied theology
* is at the heart of drug discovery research
- scientific progress
* is both an art and a science
- experimental and theoretical science
- central to many other disciplines
- chemistry, in the test tube, or the kidney, or the brain
- concerned with the synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of molecules
- divided into two components - organic and analytical
- essential to our development and wise use of materials, both synthetic and natural
- fun to watch chemicals react with each other
* is fundamental to environmental science and biotechnology
- the understanding of the phenomena of the world
- however by nature an experimental science
- much more than equations
* is one of the best developed, all encompassing and well defined fields of science today
- essential technologies to our economic future
- most important sciences
- three Ph
- part of science
- primarily concerned with matter, energy, and their interactions
- social relations
- taught through mixing different substances together and watching the results
- the basic science involved in every walk of our life
* is the basis for life
- many fields of engineering, biology, and other sciences
- branch of the physical sciences that deals with material substances
* is the central science because it deals with the molecularity of the world
- discipline of the study of substances
- field of science which consists of learning about chemicals
- foundation of all the molecular sciences and it provides great training in logic
- glue of the universe
- human science
- interaction between molecules
- main source of materials in crystallography and spectroscopy
* is the science and study of the behavior of matter and how it interacts with other matter
- dealing with the composition of matter and the transformations of matter
* is the science of 'chemical elements' and 'compounds'
- everyday life
- materials, their properties and their transformations
- matter, structure and reactions
- molecules and their transformations
* is the science of the elements
- materials that make up our physical world
* is the science that deals with the composition and properties of substances
- describes nature at the molecular level
* is the scientific inquiry into the nature of matter
* is the study of all substances and the change that they undergo
- anything that has mass and occupies space gases, liquids, solids
- changes in matter
- chemicals and their reactions
- connections between the everyday world and the molecular world
- elements , atoms , molecules , and how they react together
- how matter behaves
* is the study of matter and chemical reactions
- energy and the changes that they undergo
- how it undergoes change
- the changes that it undergoes
- the changes that matter undergoes
- the changes that occur
- the changes that take place with that matter
- in our universe and how matter changes form
* is the study of matter, and how matter behaves and interacts with other kinds of matter
- the material of which the universe is made
- which is anything that has mass and occupies space
- organic and inorganic substances
- structure, properties, and behavior of matter
* is the study of the composition and properties of matter
- of substances and the changes that they undergo
- of substances and their properties and reactions
- elements, the compounds they form and the reactions they undergo
- properties and behavior of compounds
- reactivity of substances
- science of the interaction of matter and energy
- traditionally an experimental science
- ultimately reducible to physics
- very useful in everyday life and makes up the foundation of many branches of science
* is, after all, an experimental science.
* laboratory science that requires active learning
* linear subject, meaning new material is usually built on older material.
* major that combines well with other fields such as biology, business, and law.
* microcosm of the real world.
* natural science
* occurs typically in the region comprising the end groups
- the endgroups
* participatory discipline.
* plays a part in everyone's daily lives
- pivotal role in the natural sciences
- probably the most significant role within a rhino's life
* practical discipline that progresses largely through research in the laboratory
- science and has influenced many aspects of our daily lives
* provides a gateway to many professions
- examples
- microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of the world
* quantitative science and as such requires significant mathematical manipulations
* reduces to molecular physics.
* refers to the basic building blocks that the mineral is made of.
* science of discovery
- strongly dependent on modern instrumentation andcomputers
- that in most ways disregards national boundaries
* shows a decreasing tendency year after year
- how elements combine to produce different things
* spurs advances in medicine, agricultural, food processing and other fields.
* stands at the pivot of science.
* studies compounds.
* study of the material things of the universe and their interactions
- substances that make up our environment
* systematic study.
* technically driven discipline.
* uses a unit of concentration called molarity.
* very important topic in environmental studies.
* vital science for a much wider range of degrees.
+ Chemistry, Usefulness
* Chemistry is very useful in everyday life and makes up the foundation of many branches of science. Chemists are constantly working to find new and useful substances. Chemists make new drugs and materials like paints that we use every day.
* A 'chemist' is a scientist who studies chemistry. Chemistry is the study of elements, atoms, molecules, and how they react together. Chemists research and test medicines, explosives, and a lot of other things. Chemistry is a very important science because it is how we got almost all of the newer, more powerful medicines.
+ Natural sciences | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | chemistry:
Analytical chemistry
* involves analysing and identifying trace elements.
* is academic journals
- an important component of all areas of the pharmaceutical sciences
* is concerned primary with the composition of substances
- with determining the composition of substances
- involved with identifying and measuring the quantities of such substances
* is the branch of chemistry that is concerned with the composition of matter
- separation and analysis of substances
* looks at the qualities of substances, and their composition
- which chemicals are in things
* science and technology experiencing rapid growth and change.
* uses ion exchange in chromatography.
* very practical science.
+ Analysis: Philosophy :: Research methods
+ Chemistry, Types of chemistry
* There are several types of chemistry. Analytical chemistry looks at which chemicals are in things. For example, looking at how much arsenic is in food. Organic chemistry looks at things that have carbon in them. For example, making acetylene. Inorganic chemistry looks at things that do not have carbon in them. One example is making an integrated circuit.
Atmospheric chemistry
* occurs within a fabric of complicated atmospheric dynamics and physics
- profoundly complicated atmospheric dynamics
* takes place fast and on a small scale. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | chemistry:
Biochemistry
* All biochemistry involves carbon compounds carrying specific functional groups.
* Investigates the basic theme of intermediary metabolism.
* admits of no soul.
* also has a substantial input to the food, agricultural and biotechnological industries.
* applies physical chemical principles to biological systems.
* borrows from such diverse disciplines as organic chemistry, thermodynamics and biology.
* broadly-understood, straightforward realm of engineering.
* central subject for pure and applied biological sciences.
* complex area and it is different for everyone.
* deals with living systems at the molecular level
- the chemistry of the growth and activity of living organisms
* involves the study of biological processes at a molecular level.
- also part of organic chemistry
* is an advanced subject requiring knowledge in chemistry, biology and mathematics
- interesting field in biology in general
- at the cutting edge of modern biology research
- concerned with compounds of carbon that crawl
- essentially the identification of the characteristics of living matter
- fundamental to understanding all branches of the life sciences
- interdisciplinary taking advantage of different aspects of chemistry and biology
- now in an explosive growth phase
- often a valuable in the analysis of genetic mutations of proteins and enzymes
- one of the most important interdisciplinary fields in science today
- particularly difficult because of the complexity of many of the molecules
- probably the most broadly useful discipline for understanding modern biology
- represented through research on enzyme reactions
* is still chemistry
- in the process of discovering complexity
* is the branch of chemistry that deals with living systems
- central discipline of modern molecular life science
* is the chemistry of life
- living things
- only department in the basic medical sciences with an undergraduate program
* is the study of carbon compounds that crawl
- chemicals, chemical process, bla bla bla bla, and all that stuff
- how living organisms work
* is the study of life on the molecular level
- processes at the molecular level
- molecules and chemical reactions on which life is based
- the basic chemical processes that occur in all living systems
* is the study of the chemistry of biological molecules
- interrelationship between biology and chemistry
- molecules and chemical reactions of life
- structures and chemical reactions found in living systems
- truth to doctors
- what is says - the study of the chemistry of living things
* is, by definition, the study of the molecular basis of life processes.
* multi-disciplinary course that encompasses immense bodies of knowledge.
* plays a role in eating disorders.
* provides a means to purify and characterize the enzymes
- the basis for understanding human physiology and pathophysiology
* rigorous and quantitative science.
* runs in families.
* seeks a molecular explanation for life, or the processes that support life.
* seeks to explain the processes that support life molecularly
- understand and explain living systems at the molecular level
* seeks to understand the molecular events of life processes
- processes of biological systems in chemical terms
* study of the molecules of life.
* young science.
+ Chemical biology: Chemistry :: Biology
* This is a slightly different from biochemistry. Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of biological molecules. For example, a biochemist studies the three-dimensional structure of a protein and how that structure relates to the chemistry of the protein. Also, biochemistry studies the way enzymes work. Chemical biologists use chemical principles to modulate systems. They do this to either investigate biology relationships or create new functions. In this way, the research done by chemical biologists is often closer to that of cell biology than biochemistry.
+ Chemistry, Types of chemistry
* One example is making nylon. Because plastics are made of carbon, polymer chemistry is part of organic chemistry. Another area is biochemistry. This looks at the chemistry of living things. An example would be seeing how arsenic poisons people. Biochemistry is also part of organic chemistry. There are many other small branches of chemistry. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | chemistry:
Blood chemistry
* Blood chemistries are useful to determine the possibility of recurrence in the bones or liver.
* is altered and can lead to coma, even death.
* shows high liver enzymes-the start of fatty liver disease.
* stabilizes, allergies evaporate, and migraines cease.
Combinatorial chemistry
* cutting-edge technology used in drug research and discovery.
* has many parallels in nature
- strong appeal for the pharmaceuticals business
* is essentially jazzed-up synthetic chemistry
- one area in which tremendous advances are taking place
* provides thousands of bullets to shoot at the target all at once.
* scientific process by which new chemical compounds are created.
Computational chemistry
* accounts for roughly a third of the supercomputer usage worldwide.
* looks at both static and dynamic systems
- systems. * systems. That system can be a single molecule, a group of molecules, or a solid. Computational chemistry methods range from highly accurate to very approximate. Highly accurate methods are typically feasible only for small systems
Electrochemistry
* is chemistry
* plays a significant role in biological reactions.<|endoftext|>### science | chemistry:
Environmental chemistry
* is academic journals
- the discipline that studies the chemical aspects of the environment
* is the study of chemical alterations in the environment
- phenomena in the environment
* starts by understanding how the uncontaminated environment works
- environment works. * environment works. It identifies the chemicals that are present naturally. It studies the concentration and effects of those chemicals. Then, it accurately study the effects humans have on the environment through the release of chemicals
* topic that can be effectively taught by using case studies.
Experimental chemistry
* is done using the scientific method.
* provides examples.
Femtochemistry
* enables scientists to understand how and why certain chemical reactions take place.
* is chemistry
Food chemistry
* encompasses activities from agricultural raw materials to consumer end-use products.
* is an important contributor to the nutrition of the public.
Geochemistry
* Geochemistries are chemistry.
* embraces all aspects of the study of the earth.
* quantitative treatment of fundamental geochemical processes.
* suggests the basalts formed in a continental or island arc setting.
Medicinal chemistry
* examines the organic chemistry of drug design and drug action.
* is the investigation, discovery and development of therapeutic agents.
* major contributor to the professional pharmacy curricula.
* rapidly maturing discipline.
* requires the ability to design a drug as well as to synthesize.
* unique blend of the physical and biological sciences.
Modern chemistry
* can explain wax as an arrangement of molecules.
* is the cornerstone for a large number of professions and industries.
Nuclear chemistry
* field that deals with changes that occur inside the atomic nucleus.
- the study of how subatomic particles come together and make nuclei
* unique part of chemistry where the chemical changes involve nuclei. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | chemistry:
Organic chemistry
* branch of chemistry that deals with covalent bonded carbon only.
* defines life.
* driving force in their development.
* encompasses study of all carbon-hydrogen compounds.
* focuses on carbon-containing compounds and mixtures.
* fundamentals as they relate to industrial processes.
* has rules for naming compounds with substituent groups.
* involves the study of hydrocarbons.
* is at the core of the modern chemical industry as well as the areas listed above
- basically the study of carbon compounds
* is concerned with carbon compounds
- the compounds of carbon
- discussed in terms of modern theory
- largely memorization
- more a way of thinking than a bunch of facts to be memorized
- much more than equations
- part of science
- the branch which deals with the study of the compunds of carbon
* is the chemistry of carbon compounds
- drugs, plastics, foods, and clothing
- foundation for the pharmaceutical, fuels, and plastics industries
* is the study of all carbon compounds found on the planet
- carbon-based molecules
- compounds containing carbon
- hydrocabons and related compounds
- long chains and rings of carbon atoms
- molecules containing carbon
* is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds
- covalent compounds based on the elements carbon and hydrogen
- used to develop and manufacture everything from plastics to life-saving drugs
* is very difficult
- interrelated
* linear subject, meaning new material is usually built on older material.
* living, active science.
* science based on the study of A. vital forces interacting with matter
- a. functional groups
* studies compounds.
* takes time and practice.
* three dimensional science.
* touches nearly every facet of our lives, from plastics to pharmaceuticals.
+ Inorganic chemistry: Chemistry
* Inorganic chemistry can be defined simply as all chemistry which is not organic chemistry. Organic chemistry is basically the study of carbon compounds. There are a few exceptions to this rule, but this definition covers most cases.
+ Substituent: Organic chemistry :: Chemical nomenclature
* Organic chemistry has rules for naming compounds with substituent groups. The substituent group is listed first with a suffix to describe how it is attached to the main carbon chain. When naming hydrocarbons that contain a substituent, position numbers may be used. These number will indicate which carbon atom the substituent is attached to. One case where this information is needed is that of isomers.
Organometallic chemistry
* combines aspects of inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry.
* has both an historical and a current importance in our research.
* is one of the most active areas of modern chemical research.
+ Category:Organometallic chemistry: Chemistry
Photochemistry
* is chemistry
- the study of chemical reactions produced by light
* plays a key role in the structure and evolution of the haze.
Polymer chemistry
* blend of physical and organic chemistry.
* is mainly the study and synthesis of large, complex molecules.
Qualitative chemistry
* is used in many jobs.
+ Qualitative analysis: Analytical chemistry
* Qualitative analysis' is a field of analytical chemistry. It uses chemical reactions to find out what an unknown chemical element is. Qualitative chemistry is used in many jobs. It is very useful for testing for drugs and poisons. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | chemistry:
Radium
* also dissolves in water.
* bright silver radioactive metal that darkens upon exposure to air.
* combines with most non-metals, including oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and nitrogen.
* decay product of uranium.
* emits a , b , and g rays and when mixed with beryllium produces neutrons.
* gets into the water because of pollution from fertilizer and lime used on the land.
* gives birth to radon, an odorless, colorless gas that is linked to lung cancer.
* has no biological role.
* is about one million times more active than uranium
- chemical elements
- dangerous when ingested
- found in all uranium minerals
* is found in soil, rocks, and certain building materials
- water, plants, and food at low concentrations
- uranium and thorium ores
- naturally
- highly radioactive and hence carcinogenic
- in the same chemical family as Calcium, so has similar solubility and reactions
- incorporated into the chimneys and can be used to determine source and age
- intensely radioactive
* is known to cause bone cancer if consumed in high doses
- when consumed in high doses
- have caused health problems for persons who ingested it for long periods of time
- metallic elements
- naturally present in the environment in very small amounts
- over a million times more radioactive than the same mass of uranium
- present at very low concentrations in sea water
* is present in all uranium minerals and is widely distributed in small amounts
- low concentrations in most soils and rocks
- trace amounts in all rock and soil
* is radioactive and very slowly decays
- substances
- the heaviest of the alkaline-earth metals
- used as a portable source of neutron radiation in medicine and industry
* is used in cancer therapy and luminescent paint
- luminous paint
- to produce radon , a radioactive gas used to treat some types of cancer
- widespread in shallow wells throughout southern New Jersey
* known cause of bone and nasal cancers
- nasal and bone cancers
* lustrous white radioactive metal.
* metal that is found in nature.
* metallic element which occurs naturally within the ground.
* naturally occurring element distributed throughout the earth s crust in varying amounts.
* occurs naturally as uranium decays - though only in very small quantities.
* produces radon, a radioactive gas whose decay products can cause lung cancer.
* radiological hazard.
* rare metal.
* silvery-white metal.
* very rare radioactive material.
+ Alkaline earth metal: Chemistry :: Alkaline earth metals<|endoftext|>### science | chemistry:
Supramolecular chemistry
* is also important to the development of new drug therapies.
+ Supramolecular chemistry, Uses, Medicine: Chemistry
* Supramolecular chemistry is also important to the development of new drug therapies. Supramolecular chemists study the interactions at a drug binding site. The area of drug delivery has also made critical advances as a result of supramolecular chemistry providing encapsulation and targeted release mechanisms. In addition, supramolecular systems have been designed to disrupt protein-protein interactions that are important to cellular function.
Surface chemistry
* Most surface chemistry happens in or on monolayers.
* explores the forces at work on membrane edges.
* is chemistry
- highly sensitive to the presence of contaminants on the surface of interest
* plays an important role in the cure of the classic cyanoacrylate adhesives.
Thermochemistry
* Thermochemistries are chemistry.
* deals with energy, heat and work.
* is about measuring the energy difference between the initial and final states
Chiropractic science
* focuses on the relationship between the spinal column and the nervous system.
* teaches that the health of the spine is essential to the health of the body. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Climate science
* Much climate science depends on such models, which describe the complexities of the climate.
* complex and rapidly evolving field of investigation.
* global business.
* is all about understanding probabilities
- based on theory<|endoftext|>### science:
Climatology
* considers the past and can help predict future climate change.
* field that offers many different types of opportunities.
* is meteorology
- the average occurrence of the event during the indicated period
* is the study of atmospheric phenomena
- the weather over the longer time scale
* new science.
* now includes aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry.
* studies the average weather of the entire globe over centuries
- variation of climate over the world and blends into meteorology
Contemporary science
* is marked by the convergence of what used to be considered separate fields
- the study of transformations
* likes things that can be measured and quantified.
Cryptanalysis
* is science
* studies the breaking of cryptosystems.
Cryptology
* branch of mathematics which deals with both cryptography and cryptoanalysis.
* comprises the interrelated areas of cryptography and cryptanalysis.
* is science
- the science that embraces both cryptography and cryptanalysis
* is the study of both cryptography and cryptanalysis
- data security
* secret world.
Demography
* Demographies are sociologies.
* displays fertility and mortality graphically as functions of age.
* drives human destiny.
* simulates exponential growth in age-strutured populations.<|endoftext|>### science:
Differential calculus
* are calculuses.
* ', a branch of calculus, is the process of finding out the rate of change of a variable compared to another variable, by using functions. It way to find out how a shape changes from one point to the next, without needing to divide the shape into an infinite number of pieces. Differential calculus is the opposite of integral calculus. It was developed in the 1670s and 1680s by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz.
* investigates functions and their derivatives.
* is involved with the study of rates of processes
- primarily concerned with the rate at which quantities change in a process
* is the branch of calculus which treats such problems
- study of rates of change of functions
Ecological science
* dynamic and rapidly changing science.
* needs new concepts to formalize and understand the complexity of nature.
* plays a role in all our lives.
Economics
* change over time.
* include activities.
* use equations.
### science | economics:
Economic change
* can only come about as a result of unity at the places of work.
* come quickly, as witnessed by the flourishing of e-commerce.
* does influence political change.
* is about far more than numbers.
Economic disparity
* Canadian reality that occurs within provinces, and nationally.
* Economic disparities affect what libraries can offer their patrons.
* exists within the region with some areas having high concentrations of poverty.
* is at an all-time high and many predict the collapse of the world economy
- the biggest red herring of all
* remains at the heart of baseball's woes.
Economic empowerment
* is an important step to being responsible fathers
- the necessary extension of the civil rights movement
* means, in part, also the economic empowerment of women. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | economics:
Economic globalization
* advances global warming and the fossil fuel industry's bottom line.
* exacerbates the inequalities between men and women.
* has obvious benefits for transnational corporations.
* is as old as history a reflection of the human drive to seek new horizons
- guided by the neo-liberal ideology
- promoted as both historically inevitable and a boon to the human species
- welfare for the corporations
* means cooperation rather than confrontation
- that cities are so inter-linked as to be almost mutually inseparable
* results both from new technologies and public policies.
Economic independence
* is key to the possibility of women liberating themselves.
* primary goal for many of the oppressed in the United States.
* results in improved family status for women.
Economic instability
* can also be a direct cause for child maltreatment.
* is compounded by political instability.
Economic integration
* enables a region to compete effectively in the world economy.
* is believed to enhance the well-being of the countries involved.
* means to obtain efficiency in resource use.
Economic nationalism
* is about states, state power, and security
- usually a system that tends to exclude foreign capital
* root cause of war and international conflict is the result.
Economic opportunity
* Economic opportunities abound in the wake of a globalized economy and the information revolution
- can mean the availability of jobs
- remain in their communities to enable people to continue to live and prosper
* allows access to all of the goods and services generated in the economy.
Economic planning
* Is to create destitution.
* is designed to coordinate economic decision-making in a command economy.
Economic prosperity
* depends upon our ability to compete effectively in the global marketplace.
* is the sine qua non of national security
- vital to sustainable development
Economic research
* examines the effect of smokefree workplaces on tobacco product consumption.
* relates to diabetes care, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention.
Electronics
* generates heat.
* has limits.
### science | electronics:
Electronic access
* is another method of delivery of information.
* major avenue to improve services which the public demands.
* privilege that entails responsibility.
Electronic control
* Name the major electronic control circuit components of a copy machine.
* are important for comfort, safety and efficiency.
* is key to improving powertrain performance. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | electronics:
Electronic mail
* 'store and forward' system.
* acts as a personal connection to the world of the Internet.
* allows computer users to exchange messages via a communications network
- two or more people on the Internet to send and receive information
- written messages to be transmitted instantaneously
* appears in many shapes and forms.
* can be more efficient than telephone communications in many circumstances.
* consists of messages sent from one person to another via computer.
* convenient means of communication
- way to stay in touch
* enables the exchange of messages and files via computer.
* facilitates communication between members of the computing environment.
* fast, convenient form of communication.
* freeing-up communications medium.
* has the potential for greatly influencing the ways in which people communicate.
* is 'flat' text
- about communication with other people
* is an easy way to communicate with people world wide
- electronic file which is transmitted to other computer users
- example of technology
- indispensable communications tool
- arguably the largest and most important service provided by the Internet
- based upon the concept of an address
- by far the most used of all Internet applications
- different from postal mail
- electronic communication
- for communicating business information in a professional manner
- generally a message with one or more documents attached
- like a telephone
- made possible by computer networking
- mail that is delivered via the internet or over a local network
- message distribution on computer
* is now one of the leading methods of virus transmission
- the most common method of communication through the Internet
- often something that the department sysadmin needs to deal with
- one form of transmitting information around the network
* is one of the fundamental features of the Internet
- methods used to notify users of upcoming policy changes and events
* is one of the most popular applications on the Internet
- uses of the Internet
- powerful and widely available resources of the Internet
- used and useful facilities on computer networks
- way for teachers and parents to connect
- perhaps the most common usage of network resources
- primarily a communication system
- send via the Internet
- supposed to be the quicker, easier way to send and receive messages
* is the accepted standard for office communications
- backbone of the Internet
- cheapest way to stay in touch with anyone
- faster method for personal communication all over the world
- future meeting the present
- literary equivalent of a grunt
- major vehicle for routine communications among employees
* is the most commonly used feature of the internet
- popular use of the Internet
- widely used application on the Internet
- preferred medium for registration and all communications
* is the primary basis for information interchange
- means of campus-wide communications
- quickest way to receive library notices
- sender's intellectual property
- sending and receiving of messages using a computer, modem, and phone lines
- single most important tool for collaborative work
- transmission of messages over communications networks
* is the use of a network to transmit text messages, memos, and reports
- the computer network to send messages or files to other users
- to be used for business purposes
- ubiquitous nowadays, and people use e-mail from a variety of platforms
* is used extensively for private communication between students, faculty and staff
- heavily on campus for communicating all kinds of information
- in offices and between stores
* is used to request some items through interlibrary loan
- send messages from one user to one or more specific users
- vulnerable to interception and forgery
- written and read by people
* means that is similar both to oral conversation and to the written world.
* method of sending private messages between individuals over the Internet.
* permits users to send messages around the world almost instantly.
* primitive form of workflow technology.
* process by which people send messages to one another over computer networks.
* provides a medium of communication that is efficient, quick, and cost-effective
- for the timely distribution of information
* sent over the Internet is notoriously insecure and vulnerable to interception.
* service provided by the system.
* super way to stay in touch or communicate.
* technology that continues the evolution of electronic communication technology.
* tool that allows users to create and distribute electronic messages.
* travels easily and quickly from person to person.
* unique medium of communication.
* uses analogies taken from a postal service.
* way of sending messages and files through the computer
- to send and receive messages on the Internet
* widely used way of communicating over the computer.
* works like a post office box. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | electronics:
Electronic marketing
* fixed and well accepted part of marketing.
* proven method with a global market.
Empirical science
* collection of observed data.
* follows directly from belief in a created and therefore contingent nature.
* has no satisfactory explanation for the actual origin of the material universe.
* invokes observable entities in explanations.
* rests on the idea the physical world is out there.
Evolutionary science
* has no more right to the moral high ground than creationism.
* is an oxymoron
- economically and socially relevant
* teaches that billions of years have gone by since time began.<|endoftext|>### science:
Forensic science
* Most forensic sciences deal with visual data of one type or another.
* is in fact a frontier science engaged in exploring new frontiers
- the application of natural sciences to matters of the law
* is the application of science to criminal and civil laws
- some court proceeding
- scientific knowledge and method to law
- study of objects that relate to a crime
* pertains to all sciences applied to legal problems.
* significant part of solving crimes and maintaining justice.
Geography
* Geographies are earth science
- have climates
* Most geographies have climates
- geography is taught as a part of social studies and, to a lesser degree, in science
* counts in politics.
* deals with aspects of Danish industry, production and population
- similarities and differences in people and the environment from place to place
* encompasses history, sociology, and geology.
* is an earth science
* swells out into great continental stretches of nations and people.
### science | geography:
Cultural geography
* consists of cultural area, cultural history, and cultural ecology.
* examines how place shapes culture and how cultures shape place.
* is another broad subfield of human geography
- how human beings and the landscape interact
- the scientific study of the human-land relationship
Human geography
* focuses on the ideas and human actions that shape the character of places.
* is the part of the field devoted to understanding systems that include people.
Local geography
* has a very real effect on weather patterns.
* plays a significant role in understanding how microclimates behave.
Regional geography
* branch of geography that studies regions of all sizes across the Earth.
* focuses on areas of Earth space that have some degree of homogeneity.
Geological science
* combines many important aspects of society, science, and mathematics.
* sits at the intersection of the physical, chemical and life sciences. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Geology
* Geologies affect turbidities.
* Geologies are earth science
- consist of materials
- deal with life
* Most geologies affect turbidities
* applies many scientific disciplines to investigate problems of the earth.
* attracts women and men who love the outdoors and thrive on practical challenges.
* begins with chaos, finds itself in a state of fermentation and motion.
* controls the landscape, and landscape has a profound influence on history.
* determines directly and indirectly the biological component of Earth
- the location of game trails
* draws on biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics and engineering.
* embraces a number of sciences.
* examines the composition, history and structure of the earth
- of the whole earth
* explores the world as it once was, life science explores the world as it currently exists.
* focuses on the physical and biological history that is recorded in rocks and landforms.
* includes rock and soil types and characteristics, as well as degree of weathering.
* investigates how our dynamic planet works
- the composition, structure, and history of the earth
* is also a key component in the multidisciplinary effort to determine the origin of life
- one of the Romantic sciences in being time bound
- the study of everything that happens on the earth and inside
* is divided into special subjects that study one part of geology
- two main fields - physical geology and historical geology
- dynamic, constantly changing so radon levels can change
* is fundamental to our understanding of the environment
- the understanding and management of our environment
- understanding and solving many environmental problems
- geology basically the same discipline in any language or nation
* is one of the most interesting of all the physical sciences
- visual of the physical sciences
- really a new language applied to commonly observed phenomena
- thus incomplete without evolution, as is astronomy and cosmology, chemistry and physics
- very important for oil and mineral exploration and in environmental work
* literally means the study of the Earth.
* looks at how the earth developed and what it looks like.
* measures time in millions or even billions of years.
* plays a role in geotechnical engineering and major academic discipline
- an important role in controlling the quality and nuances of California's wine
* refers to the broad subject area, which in a nutshell, is about understanding our planet
- rock formations and how they change over time
* remains, among the historical sciences, obdurately materialistic and positivist.
* reviews the history of the planet from the earliest known formation to the present.
* shows that fossils are of different ages.
* tries to explain how the Earth was formed and how it changes.
+ Natural sciences
### science | geology:
Environmental geology
* continues to be one of the largest fields within the earth sciences field.
* is geology applied to living.<|endoftext|>### science | geology:
Geomorphology
* encompasses the shape, size and location of wetlands in the landscape.
* examines the variety of landforms that exist at the earth's surface.
* is an important component of environmental geology
- part of geography , geology , geodesy , engineering geology and archaeology
- studied by both geographers and geologists
* is the general form of the earth's surface and the changes that occur to it
- geologic study of the configuration and evolution of land forms
* is the study of earth surface processes and landforms
* is the study of the changes in the earth's surface
- landforms that make up the surface of the Earth
- shape of the surface of the earth, and the processes that form it.
* is part of geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology and archaeology. This range of interests leads to a wide variety of research styles and interests in the field
* term that encompasses all earth changing processes. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | geology | geomorphology:
Lithology
* Lithologies consist of hemipelagic mud, sandy mud, and volcanic ash.
* includes bedrock and surficial materials, texture, and weathering.
* is geomorphology
- marked mainly by chalk and limestone with some conglomerate<|endoftext|>### science | geology | geomorphology:
Petrology
* Petrologies are morphology.
* can also inform studies of manufacturing techniques.
* cover the areas of metamorphism and volcanism.
* involves the study of the mineralogy, texture, and formation of rocks.
* is broader in scope than petrography
- the scientific study of rocks
* is the study of all rocks, including meteorites
- the origins of rocks
+ Rock (geology)
* A 'rock' is a naturally occurring solid. The minerals in the rocks vary, making different kinds of rock. The Earth's crust is made of rock. Rock is often covered by soil or water. Rock is beneath the oceans, lakes, and rivers of the earth, and under the polar icecaps. Petrology is the scientific study of rocks.<|endoftext|>### science | geology:
Historical geology
* deals with all aspects of Earth's history and the history of life
- the history of the Earth
* examines the Earth within a historical context
- time evolution of material structures and life on earth
* is based on the assumption of evolutionary biology
- involved directly or indirectly with most aspects of geological studies
- more like astronomy than cosmology
* looks at the history and evolution of planet Earth and the life upon it.
* unravels the earth's history, past natural events, and past life on earth.<|endoftext|>### science | geology:
Hydrology
* branch of science, concerned with water management.
* controlling nutrients affects primary productivity.
* describes water transport processes in the environment of man.
* discipline closely related to geology and geophysics.
* embraces physical science, engineering, economics, political sciences and agriculture.
* has to do with surface and subsurface water supplies.
* involves the relationship between storms and runoff.
* is an area closely related to geology and geophysics
- undergraduate course in physical hydrological science
- another factor that is critical to forest growth
- generally temporarily to seasonally flooded
* is the collection, occurrence, and distribution of water
- science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water
* is the study of the behavior of water in nature
- movement of water throughout the physical environment
- movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth
- water cycle
* is the study of water in the geological environment
- resources and their relationship with the environment
* multidisciplinary approach to the study of water resources.
* refers to the presence or flow of water through the site.
* study of the waters of the earth, their distribution, characteristics and effects.
Mineralogy
* Mineralogies are geologies.
* Provides database of minerals with formula and system.
* forms the basis for the study of all rock types and rock-forming processes.
* foundation course for geology.
* is the study of the crystalline solids that make up the rocks in the Earth and planets.
Modern geology
* indicates the Earth is mostly a solid mass.
* is concerned with explaining occurrences, distributions, and interrelationships.
* recognizes many geological cycles. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | geology:
Seismology
* also studies the propagation of seismic energy through the Earth.
* broad and rapidly developing field.
* can also serve as a deterrent for countries trying to test clandestine weapons.
* is the most fruitful method of probing the structure of the deep Earth
- science of earthquakes
* is the study of earthquakes and related phenomena
- seismic waves that move through and around the earth
- how sound or seismic waves move through the earth's crust
- traditional workhorse for imaging the interior of the earth
* provides a model of the internal structure of the mantle.
* studies the frequency , type and size of earthquakes over a period of time.
* vocabulary-rich field.
+ Earthquake: Plate tectonics
* There are large earthquakes and small earthquakes. Big earthquakes can take down buildings and cause death and injury. The study of earthquakes is called seismology. Seismology studies the frequency, type and size of earthquakes over a period of time.
### science | geology | stratigraphy:
Sequence stratigraphy
* chronostratigraphic method of correlation.
* new method for correlating and analyzing sedimentary rocks.
Volcanology
* branch of geology that studies volcanoes
- which studies volcanoes and their activities
- geology, the science of learning about the earth
* can use people with diverse backgrounds.
* is the science dealing with the study of volcanoes
- scientific study of volcanic phenomena
* is the study of volcanoes, their origin, behavior and mode of occurrence
* The term 'volcanology' comes from the Latin word 'vulcan', the Roman god of fire. Volcanology sub-field of geology
Good science
* continuing discussion between many people.
* is the basis for good management decisions.
* requires studying molecular behavior directly, in the laboratory.
* tries to find general rules of nature using objective evidence.
Grammar
* Find the rules of a language or learn a new language.
* Some grammar can help people understand why they are saying what they are saying.
* are structures.
* is science
* usually classify verbs as regular and irregular.
* vary from language to language.
### science | grammar:
Descriptive grammar
* categorizes the parts of speech and sentence types in English.
* deals with how language is actually used.
Semantic grammar
* are different in spirit.
* encode the semantics in the grammar itself.<|endoftext|>### science:
Group theory
* branch of mathematics which studies symmetry.
* can be though of as the study of symmetry in the abstract.
* clear example of abstraction in modern mathematics.
* crops up in various musical contexts.
* has many applications in science, especially in physics and crystallography
- some small applications in musics, art and architecture
* is also useful in studying the symmetry of molecular orbitals
- developed from first principles and applied to molecular systems
- introduced as an aid for understanding spectroscopic selection rules
- much used for the study of molecular symmetries
- paleontology
- the mathematics behind the representation of all modern physics
* particularly fertile field for the design of practical algorithms.
* powerful mathematical technique for studying symmetry.
* requires only that a mathematical system obey a few simple rules.
+ Molecular symmetry: Symmetry :: Theoretical chemistry
* Molecular symmetry can be studied several different ways. Group theory is the most popular idea. Group theory is also useful in studying the symmetry of molecular orbitals. Another idea on a larger scale is the use of crystal systems to describe crystallographic symmetry in bulk materials.
History of science
* are history.
* is an academic discipline, with an international community of specialists. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Information processing
* is almost universal
- concerned with memory and learning
- embedded everywhere in developed and in developing societies
* makes possible new ways of organizing production.
* means to capture, store, update, and retrieve data and information.
Integral calculus
* are calculuses.
* investigates functions that are given in terms of their derivatives.
* is science
- the study of computing areas
* is used to compute velocity and displacement from known accelerations
- determine which function, if any, changes in a specified manner
- find centers of gravity, centroids, and moments of inertia
Junk science
* involves sifting selectively through statistics to bolster preconceived notions.
* is faulty scientific data and analysis used to used to further a special agenda
- one of the main tools used against environmental regulation
- used by a wide range of special interests to advance their various agendas
### science | linguistics:
Linguistic purity
* is about avoiding foreign influences to a language because they are seen as bad.
+ Language planning: Languages
* Corpus planning is involved with creating standards for a language, such as spelling and grammar, or to create dictionaries. Linguistic purity is about avoiding foreign influences to a language because they are seen as bad. It also belongs to corpus planning.
Material science
* deal with characteristics.
* is deeply rooted in chemistry.
Materials science
* broad field that can accommodate many interests.
* burgeoning field.
* is primarily concerned with the physical and chemical properties of solids.
* uses phosphors for display screens.
Math
* Most math deals with whole numbered dimensions.
* challenges stress the importance of a low-fat diet in cardiovascular health.
* is fun
- interestings
- located in classes
- subjects
- used for fun
* manipulatives assist students in developing mathematical concepts and thinking.
### science | math | arithmetic:
Interval arithmetic
* provides a way to estimate the roundoff errors in floating point computation.
* system for computing with intervals of numbers.
Financial math
* is the study of maths for financial markets.
+ Finance, Financial maths
* Financial maths is the study of maths for financial markets. Financial maths studies mathematics, mainly statistics.
Mathematical science
* includes statistics, computer science, and traditional mathematics.
* is introduced via mathematical physics and mathematical biology.
* living, vital subject with a long, distinguished tradition.
* requires theories, molecular biology, facts.
Mathematics
* draws conclusions.
* governs predictions.
* has quantitative values
* includes electronics.
* predicts chances.
* refers to reality.<|endoftext|>### science | mathematics:
Applied mathematic
* is central to study the population explosion
- inherently interdisciplinary, in motivation and in operation
- one of the areas covered by major English-language journals
- the application of mathematics to the solution of non-mathematical problems
- used in explaining and solving electrical problems
* plays a central role in all of modern science and advanced technology.
* provides a broad arena for intellectual and creative impulses of people.
Combinatorial mathematic
* has a variety of applications.
* is the study of complex systems in terms of their elementary parts. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | mathematics:
Discrete mathematic
* develops methods for the study of discrete structures and processes.
* is an exciting area of modern mathematics
- based upon mathematics that is applicable to computing
- described by many as the math of our time
* is the branch of mathematics that deals with arrangements of distinct objects
- mathematics behind theoretical computer science
- study of distinct or unconnected objects
- useful in a wide variety of disciplines
* presents fundamentals of logic, set theory, and proof techniques.
* studies the properties of finite sets carrying various sorts of structures.
Modern mathematic
* has several major branches.
* is based on the axiomatic system
- founded in set theory
Pure mathematic
* concerns itself with studies of structure, form, and quantitative relationships.
* has no necessary relation to external reality, it thought form.
* is mathematics that studies entirely abstract concepts.
* is the art of creating and imagining
- study and development of the accepted principles of mathematics | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Medicine
* All medicine also carries risks.
* All medicines are deadly and dangerous, if taken repeatedly in large doses
- drugs , are chemicals hostile to the human body, are poisons
- begin to lose their effectiveness past their expiration dates
* All medicines can have adverse effects
- side effects
* All medicines have a main therapeutic effect and side effects
- sacramental component and drug consumption is almost always ritualistic
- labels
- possible side effects
- potential side effects, including allergic reactions and stomach upset
- risks and benefits
- produce side-effects
* Any medicine can cause wheezing or shortness of breath in case of allergy to it.
* Every medicine can cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects.
* Keep all medicines at adult eye level or higher.
* Many medicines affect senior citizens differently than they affect young people
- also can help reduce and control high blood pressure
* Many medicines are available to treat cancer pain
- derived from chemicals extracted from wildlife
- the result of chemical manipulation of naturally occurring molecules
* Many medicines can affect the ability to have sex
- way one drives
- cause impotence
- change the effects of digoxin
* Many medicines can decrease pain, including the ones listed below
- help people control panic attacks
- come from the earth
* Many medicines contain aluminium
- parts made from benzene
* Many medicines have expiration dates
- similar structures to the protein fragments studied
- increase or decrease the effectiveness or toxicity of cyclosporine
- interfere or enhance the effect of anticoagulants
- prescribed for low back pain can make people feel drowsy
- used to treat even common diseases can cause hair loss
* Most medicine affects symptoms
- test results
* Most medicine causes effects
- other side effects
- contains products
- deals with skin disorder
- follows brain injuries
* Most medicine has effects
- few side effects
- formulae
- health benefits
- significant health benefits
- specialization
* Most medicine helps heartburn pain
* Most medicine includes meat
- snake meat
- is used by doctors
- prevents diseases
- provides health
- saves life
- triggers side effects
* Most medicine uses in treatments
* Most medicines are a racimic mixture, meaning that they have a mixture of the two enantiomers
- available as generic brands for less money
* Most medicines can be deadly, especially if taken in excessive amounts
- cause poisoning
* Most medicines come from plants anyway
- in a liquid form for oral use, or they can be mixed in a liquid by a pharmacist
* Most medicines contain more than their active ingredient, and many liquid medicines contain alcohol
- exert their therapeutic effect by interaction with a protein or nucleic acid
- have some side effects
- sold for coughs and colds are useless or harmful
- taken for colds, hay fever, or headaches can cause drowsiness
* Some medicine affects blood sugar levels
- diets
* Some medicine causes diarrhea
- infertility
- inflammation
- ovulation
* Some medicine contains acid
- growth hormones
* Some medicine contains human growth hormones
- metal salt
- steroids
- deals with classifications
* Some medicine focuses on digestive disorder
- system disorder
* Some medicine is made from the spit of vampire bats
- more effective on either an empty stomach or when taken with food
* Some medicine is used by american tribes
- indian tribes
* Some medicine is used by many american indian tribes
- leads to drowsiness
- promotes excretion
- stimulates ovulation
- treats pulmonary hypertension
- medicines affect appetite
* Some medicines also contain chemical colourings or preservatives that can trigger urticaria
- increase the risk of kidney stones
* Some medicines are available in liquid form that can be blended with fruit juices to mask the taste
- to treat parasitic infections
- dangerous when mixed with alcohol
- derived from wetland soils and plants
- habit forming
- life saving, others are less critical
* Some medicines can also cause a small number of ulcers
- pimples
* Some medicines can be dangerous because they can slow blood clotting
- when used to treat the wrong disease
* Some medicines can cause an increase in appetite
- chronic cough in some people
- constipation
- drowsiness and are best avoided while taking zolpidem tartrate
- excessive hair growth
- fatigue
- lichen planus
- loss of bone mass
- pancreatitis
- ulcers when they become lodged in the esophagus
- damage the kidneys if the dose is too high
- ease the pain
- harm the baby
- have very serious side effects if they are stopped suddenly
* Some medicines can help people with dementia
- the body's defenses fight disease for a longer time
- to fight CMV disease
* Some medicines can interfere with how well asthma medications work
- the baby s development
- lead to constipation
- make tics worse
- prevent gallstones from forming during rapid weight loss
* Some medicines cause a low white blood cell count as a side effect
- coughs as a side effect in everyone
- depressive symptoms as side effects
- nausea
- nerve and muscle activity to slow down in the stomach
- depend on body water, muscle, fat, and protein to work in the right way
* Some medicines do have a potential to increase the production of tears
- turn the urine red
- even react to certain foods
* Some medicines have positional vertigo as a side effect
- to be taken after a feeding or, conversely, on an empty stomach
- help prevent asthma
* Some medicines increase the body s sensitivity to sun
- effect of others, and others counteract each other
- interact dangerously with food or other medicines
* Some medicines make people more prone to having seizures
- overlap into multiple use groups
- promote Hirsutism, such as birth control pills, hormones and anabolic steroids
- reach an effective, seizure-preventing level in the blood more quickly than others
- relax the tight muscles while others reduce or prevent the swelling and mucus
* Some medicines require a doctor's prescription
- special inhaler
- suppress the immune system
- taste better or are easier to use when stored a certain way
- used for depression and seizures also help chronic pain
* achieves effects.
* affect different people in different ways.
* affects results
* aims at maintaining human health and preventing illness and disease.
* also work well for many people.
* are L-dopa and baclofen.
* are a leading cause of serious and sometimes fatal accidental poisonings
- part of everyday life
- an essential element in international humanitarian relief efforts
* are available in an uncontrolled way in many developing countries
- that actually reduce the production of acid
- critical to the survival of the transplanted organ
- drugs that are helpful when one is sick
- generally significantly less expensive in Mexico than in the United States of America
- measured in millimeters
- only one of many types of pain treatment
- resources and powers that are transmitted through objects or people
- safe when they are used properly
- sometimes different
- very beneficial for treating and preventing diseases
* assumes that human suffering is rooted in pathology.
* can also affect the level of interest in sex and the ability to have an orgasm
- change the effect of warfarin on the body
- help control fibroid-related symptoms
- cause different changes or effects in the body
- change as they get older and cause harm or become ineffective
- control the shakiness, anxiety and confusion that come with alcohol withdrawal
- decrease the ability to have an erection
- have side effects
* can help control the symptoms of nasal allergy
- prevent symptoms
- help, but often lose effectiveness over time
- interact, causing unpleasant and sometimes even dangerous side effects
- interrupt the life cycle of a bacterium or virus at the molecular level
- mask symptoms
- now overcome serious conditions such as diabetes , asthma and high blood pressure
* can only control blood pressure
- suppress symptoms of disease
- restore the brain s chemistry
- stimulate intestinal motility and help with propulsion of intestinal contents
- stop saliva production
* can treat and cure many health problems
- or prevent illness and disease
- work in different ways to help people who have asthma
* cans have effects.
* cans have serious effects
* change the lives of people around the world.
* changes daily to extend and improve life
- over time leaving it in a toxic or ineffective form
* claims ignorance as to the causes of our major diseases.
* come and leave messages in the mind, in each blood cell, for a time
- in childproof containers and cigarette lighters have childproof locks
* concentrates on reported symptoms from a review of the body's anatomy and physiology.
* concerns itself with health.
* containing narcotics are analgesics also.
* continues to make strides in effectively treating serious mental disorders.
* contributes to life.
* covers nutrition, physiology, behavior, and counseling.
* cultivates disease.
* deals with care
- diagnosis treatments
- the health and ills of our society
* defines health as non-disease, and cure, as disease elimination.
* discusses personality formation in medical doctors.
* does have a very important place beyond detoxification in dealing with chemical dependency.
* exist which can rebuild bone density and therefore reduce the risk of a fracture.
* exists to improve the life of another human being.
* finds uses for magnesium in milk of magnesia and Epsom salts.
- mild injuries
* further describes the intensity of a major depression as either mild, moderate, or severe.
* given by injection are more expensive than tablets or liquids and take time to wear off
- mouth are either in tablet or liquid form
- needle can burn
* has benefits
- patients
* has significant benefits
* have risks as well as benefits
- the power to improve, extend and save lives when used properly
* help keep families together longer and improve the quality of life for patients.
* help relieve pain and reduce inflammation
- progress
- to fight off germs, so people feel better
- specialties
* intended for human use can be deadly to pets.
* is capable of cargo
- dead food
- in laughter and joking so they can acquire new attitudes
* is located in bathrooms
- cabinets
- hospitals
- jars
- many things to many people
* is more concerned with non-health, known as disease
- than knowing how to diagnose and treat various diseases
- much more than a science or an applied science
- overprescribed and antimicrobials are overused in food production
- vocation
* known to kill fungal spores are also toxic to humans, making treatment difficult.
* lacks a procedure for systematically examining causes of a disease.
* make up the second-largest category of expenses, after housing.
* medical science
* often fails to offer relief to patients with chronic pain
- work by seeking out and latching onto target proteins in the body
* operates in a culture of blame, founded on malpractice and public accountability practices.
* powerfully adjust the body's metabolism in an attempt to stimulate healing.
* primarily deals with matter as both cause and cure.
* reactions a leading cause of death.
* relies heavily on visualization
- on clinical trials
* requires prescriptions.
* save lives and also improve our quality of life.
* save lives, but few are completely free of risks or side effects
- relieve pain, cure and prevent diseases
* shows differences.
* sometimes cause side effects that then require another medicine.
* studies humans in health and sickness.
* takes a mechanistic approach to illness
* tend to have a very short shelf life.
* tos treat fungus infection
- illnesses
- mental illnesses
* treats infection.
* triggers effects
- visualization wherever doctors probe, diagnose, or operate
* views pathogens as microorganisms capable of causing disease
- the human organism as unrelated parts without any organizing, intelligent principle
* work by adjusting the imbalance of chemicals in the brain.
+ Benzene: Organic compounds
* Benzene is carcinogenic, which means it can cause cancer. It has many real-world uses. It is used as an additive in gasoline, plastics, synthetic rubber, dyes and it is an industrial solvent, which means it can dissolve many other chemical molecules. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil and is therefore present in gasoline. Many medicines contain parts made from benzene.
+ Nature: Bionics
* From one point of view, humans are a prime example of nature, and are the most widely studied natural inhabitants of the planet earth. Humans interact with each other in their natural environment on a constant basis. Every part of nature everything from the air to the dirt on the ground is interdependent. Medicine studies humans in health and sickness. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Acebutolol
* blocks chemicals such as adrenaline.
* is medicine
Allopathic medicine
* attempts to create a force opposite to the symptom.
* considers the underlying cause of migraine to be unknown.
* is concentrated on different areas of specialty
- responsible for saving many lives
* is the first type of treatment
- term used to refer to mainstream medical practice
Allopurinol
* are drugs.
* blocks xanthine oxidase, thus decreasing the amount of uric acid formation.
* decreases production of uric acid.
* is medicine
* passes into breast milk.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Alternative medicine
* can get people off the sickness treadmill and back into normal working life
- help restore the bodies normal balance
- treat many health conditions that conventional medicine can
* covers a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies.
* creates a different approach to medical health.
* has no scientific base.
* have far less contraindications and side-effects than conventional treatments.
* includes chiropractic, acupunture, and massage among others
- herbalists and massage therapists
- practices usually used instead of conventional medical practices
* is an appropriate approach for the treatment of the measles for healthy adults
- early treatment for a mild case of adult tonsillitis
* is an appropriate first step for a child with a non-poisonous snake bite
- a child with urethritis
- prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
- relief of muscle cramps
- the treatment of acute bronchitis in children
- the treatment of athlete 's foot
- the treatment of boils for most adults
- the treatment of fibromyalgia
* is an appropriate first step in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
- the treatment of diaper rash
- the treatment of eczema
- the treatment of indigestion
- the treatment of mild croup
- the treatment of nosebleeds
- the treatment of urinary incontinence
- the treatment of vomiting
- founded on a deep belief in the healing power of nature
- medicine which is practiced instead of conventional medicine
- non-invasive and preventative in nature
* is the primary treatment approach for influenza in healthy adults
- measles in healthy children
- used alone, without recommended standard treatment
- widespread and has a long-lasting tradition in our country
* offers a number of systems for healing aching backs.
* ranges from enhancing workouts to treating depression and chronic back pain.
* rebuilds, restores, and supports our body.
* term that, until recently, was used for all unconventional therapies.
* therapy or healing approach used in place of traditional medical care.
* uses therapies that are outside of the mainstream pill and surgery realm.
* world-wide phenomena.
Alum
* are a special kind of double salt
- aluminum
- astringents
- double sulfates, containing two different metals and two sulfate radicals
* is medicine
American medicine
* continues to be dominated by men.
* is the best in the world
- most aggressive in the world
* remains the highest-quality on Earth. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Analgesic
* All analgesics can damage kidneys if they are taken in large doses for a long time.
* Many analgesics have sedating properties that are beneficial to patients who have sustained trauma
- benefit patients in pain
- benefit patients who have sustained injuries
* Some analgesics also reduce inflammation.
* act on the nervous system to provide temporary relief for pain
- relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
* affect different people in different ways.
* are compounds used to reduce pain, antipyretics are compounds used to reduce fever
- difficult to obtain, pentazocine being the strongest available
* are drugs that dull the perception of pain
- good for relieving some pains
- ideal in the treatment of mild to moderate chronic pain
* are medicines that help control pain and to reduce fever
- pain killers
- safer than anti-inflammatories
- tablets or powders that relieve pain
- the mainstay of cancer pain therapy
- true pain relievers, that is, they dull the sensation of pain
- useless for some sufferers because the headache is over before they can take effect
* become completely ineffective painkillers.
* can act through several mechanisms
- be effective after the pain localizes
- relieve the muscle pain
* come in two major varieties.
* containing codeine in small doses are equally capable of causing severe constipation.
* ensure patient comfort, promote pulmonary toilet, and enable physical therapy regimens
- and have sedating properties
- which is beneficial for patients who have painful lesions
* have a lower therapeutic index than anesthetics.
* range from aspirin and acetaminophen to narcotics.
* relieve aches and pains and reduce fever
- minor aches, headaches, muscle pain, and post-immunization reactions
- muscle aches and pains and reduce fever
* work by reducing the patient's ability to perceive pain.
### science | medicine | analgesic:
Narcotic analgesic
* act on the central nervous system to relieve pain.
* are often combined with sedative drugs to control patient agitation
- strong painkillers and are usually only tested for in competition
- very effective, but can cause addiction
* cross the placental barrier.
* range from weak to strong opioid drugs. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | analgesic:
Nitrous oxide
* are a potent greenhouse gas.
* byproduct of burning fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas, and timber
- fossil fuel burning and denitrification
* can also play a role in depleting the stratospheric ozone layer
- cause fluid in the lungs
* causes irritation to the lungs, causing bronchitis and pneumonia
- numbness and giddiness, sometimes with a sensation of floating
* colorless, non-flammable gas
- odorless gas and slightly dissolves in water
* colourless, non-toxic gas with a faint, sweet odour.
* combined with oxygen is used as an anesthetic for some types of surgery.
* comes from fertilizer usage, crops and manure
- industrial sources and decaying plants
- vehicles, deforestation and agriculture
* cuts off the flow of oxygen to the brain.
* depresses the H-reflex in children with cerebral palsy.
* flow off.
* greenhouse gas and an ozone destroyer
- implicated in both global warming and ozone destruction
- gas, meaning it contributes to global warming
* has another effect that improves performance even more
- only minor effects on respiration
- other effects
* helps even the very nervous feel at ease.
* induces a state of behavioral disinhibition, analgesia, and euphoria.
* is added from nitrogen fertilizers used in agriculture.
* is an analgesic
- example
- important greenhouse gas which is increasing in the atmosphere
- odorless and non-explosive gas
- another powerful greenhouse gas causing climate change
* is broken down in the atmosphere by chemical reactions driven by sunlight
- by chemical reactions that involve sunlight
- chemical compounds
* is emitted by bacteria in soils and oceans, and is thus a part of Earth's atmosphere
- from fertilizers and some industrial sources
- when transportation fuels are burned
- gases
- greenhouse gas which causes the global warming
- infused into the abdominal cavity
- inorganic compounds
* is measured by a separate electron capture detector
- electron-capture detector
- one of the gases responsible for the greenhouse effect
- oxide
* is produced by bacteria breaking down nitrogen in the soil
- various agricultural and industrial practices
- released when bacteria feeds on animal waste
* is released when chemical fertilizer is used in agriculture
- fertilizers and manure are used in agriculture
- something different
* is the main naturally occurring regulator of stratospheric ozone
- most alarming of the east lobe's wealth of nitrogen-based chemicals
* is used as a sweetening agent in whipped cream
- an anesthetic agent in medical, dental, and veterinary operatories
* is used by dentists as an anesthetic
- doctors and dentists to reduce pain
- for light anesthesia in minor surgical procedures and in dentistry
- frequently because it has such a high degree of safety
- in high performance cars to increase the power of their engines
- medically as an anesthetic
- well known for auditory flanging
* long-lived gas because it is inert in the troposphere.
* major greenhouse gas.
* perfectly safe and simple drug to use.
* principle component of photochemical smog.
* produces either no change or only a slight increase in blood pressure.
* reacts with ozone in the stratosphere.
* safe anesthetic agent.
* sweet-smelling gas that is administered along with oxygen.
* typical waste stream from adipic acid production.
* very safe and popular agent still utilized by dentists today.
* water-soluble chemical that plants use as food.
* week anesthetic.
+ Nitrous oxide, Uses: Nitrogen compounds :: Greenhouse gases
* Nitrous oxide is used by doctors and dentists to reduce pain. In the body, it makes people feel happy. It is sometimes used 'only' to feel happy, like an illegal drug.
Opiate analgesic
* make the gut move slower.
* require a prescription. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | analgesic:
Stronger analgesic
* Some stronger analgesics require a doctor's prescription.
* can actually mask pain, interfere with recovery and sometimes be dangerous.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Anesthesiology
* Anesthesiologies are medicine.
* contains information directly relevant to the specialty of anesthesiology.
* focuses on perception of pain, and pharmacologic alteration of consciousness.
* has no basis in science.
* is in the forefront of realistic simulation in the field of medicine
- one of the best-kept secrets in medicine
* is the field of medicine concerned with pain relief during surgery
- that deals with anesthesia and anesthetics
- practice of medicine
- unlike office based medical practices
* recognized specialty of medicine.
* service-oriented specialty.
* significant aspect of veterinary practice.
Angiogenesis inhibitor
* are currently in clinical trials in the U.S. and Europe
- natural molecules present in tissues that halt the angiogenic process
- now in clinical trials in the U.S. and Europe
* block the development of new blood vessels, preventing tumor formation.
* is medicine
* prevent blood from reaching tumors, killing the tumors.
Anthelmintic
* are medicines used in the treatment of worm infections
- the principal drugs for the treatment of trichinellosis
* provide an excellent tool for controlling parasites.
* work best if the animal has been fasted for a few hours before dosing.
Antiarrhythmic drug
* act via changes to the transition probabilities.
* can be expensive and side effects are frequent.
* correct irregular heartbeats, restoring the normal rhythm.
* normalize irregular heartbeats and prevent cardiac malfunction and arrest.
### science | medicine | antiarrhythmic medication:
Amiodarone
* are amine
- drugs
- ether
- ketones
* decreases the effects of chemicals on the heart.
* forms a precipitate when mixed with sodium bicarbonate and deemed incompatible.
* increases the risk of bradycardia, AV block and heart muscle depression.
* inhibits production of tumor necrosis factor- by human mononuclear cells.
* is antiarrhythmic medication
Antibacterial
* Many antibacterials produce a post-antibiotic effect that is incompletely understood.
* guard against only bacterial infections.
* specfically act against bacterial cells.
Antibacterial drug
* act by interfering with some specific characteristics of bacteria.
* is medicine<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antibacterial:
Tetracycline
* All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone forming tissue
- complex in any bone-forming tissue
* Decreases tetracycline effect.
* are antibiotics that are used to treat a wide variety of infections
- bacteriostatic, amphoteric drugs with a high volume of distribution
- poorly and erratically absorbed after i.m. injection
- potent scavengers of the superoxide radical
- the most frequently prescribed oral antibiotics
* belong to the family of medicines called antibiotics.
* can be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal at clinically relevant doses
- inhibit the adherence and activation of leukocytes in vitro
- penetrate cells and fight intracellular bacteria
* cause photosensitivity
- stomach aches fairly often
* destroy bowel flora which are needed to break down the methotrexate.
* form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue.
* inhibit bone resorption in organ culture
- calcium absorption and vice versa
- human synovial collagenase in vivo and in vitro
- tissue collagenase activity
* inhibits protein synthesis in pathogenic organism.
* interfere with bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis
- tooth development
* is antibacterial
* localize in bones, teeth, liver, speen, and tumors.
* penetrate into most tissues and body fluids.
* readily cross the placenta and are excreted in high amounts in breast milk.
* reduces sedimentation damage to corals. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Antibiotic drug
* can reduce inflammation and the number of papules or pustules and eye symptoms.
* constitute the initial treatment for osteomyelitis.
### science | medicine | antibiotic drug:
Ceftazidime
* are drugs.
* is an antibiotic drug
- another potent antipseudomonal agent
- excreted by the kidneys, almost exclusively by glomerular filtration
- highly effective against many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antibiotic drug:
Ceftriaxone
* exhibits time dependent killing.
* good antibiotic choice.
* has activity similar to that of cefotaxime
- very good penetration in the aqueous humor
- appropriate empiric therapy for a suspected case of typhoid fever
- another single-dose option, given as a pill or an injection
- available for administration via the intramuscular or the intravenous routes
- given as a single injection into a muscle
- one of the most commonly used antibiotics
- the drug most frequently used initially prior to sensitivity studies
* third generation cephalosporin with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity.
* third-generation antibiotic from the cephalosporin family of antibiotics.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antibiotic drug:
Dapsone
* are antibacterial
- drugs
* can cause a variety of adverse effects most having to do with blood.
* has a long elimination half-life and undergoes enterohepatic recirculation
- many potential side effects, particularly on blood cells, and usually causes anemia
* interferes with neutrophil infiltration and also suppresses neutrophil adherence.
- antiinfective
- odorless white to creamy-white crystalline powder with a slightly bitter taste
- broken down by the liver
- effective in some patients with pemphigus erythematosus
- known for possible hematologic changes as a common side effect
- one of the most common causes for acquired methemoglobinemia
- taken in pill form
- treatment of choice
* passes into the breast milk.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antibiotic drug:
Doxycycline
* antibiotics twice a day for five days is also effective.
- tetracycline antibiotic
* can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
* certainly can cause nausea, ofloxacin less commonly so.
* disrupts chondrocyte differentiation and inhibits cartilage matrix degradation.
* hyclate pellet-filled capsules.
* hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate.
* increases sensitivity to sunlight.
* is less likely to cause teeth mottling compared to tetracycline
- stain developing teeth than is tetracycline
- more lipid-soluble than tetracycline
* kills certain bacteria that cause infection, or stops their growth.
* remains the drug of choice for persons infected with ehrlichia.
* requires less frequent dosing and lower doses than does tetracycline.
* works by preventing the growth of the bacteria.
Erythromycin
* are macrolide antibiotics.
* pass into the breast milk.
Gentamicin
* alone can trigger all three indices.
* are drugs.
* inhibits carrier-mediated dipeptide transport in the kidney.
* is an antibiotic drug
Gramicidin
* acts as a channel.
- antiseptic
* switches transport in insect epithelia from potassium to sodium.
Oxytetracycline
* interferes with teeth and bone formation in utero.
* is an antibiotic drug
Spectinomycin
* are antibiotic
- drugs
* dihydrochloride oral solution.
- used to treat certain gonococcal infections during pregnancy
Anticholinergic
* antagonize the effects of antiglaucoma agents.
* have special roles in possible akathisia and extrapyramidal side-effects.
* inhibit bladder muscle contractions.
* is medicine.
* relieve nausea by inhibiting nerve impulse transmissions.
* seem to work better in COPD than asthma but do have some bronchodilating effect.
* show too many side effects. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Anticholinergic drug
* All anticholinergic drugs can produce dry mouth, blurred vision, hot, dry skin and hyperpyrexia.
* are a common cause of such interactions
- effective, but basically inferior to l-dopa<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Anticoagulant
* Some anticoagulants can increase both.
* also are available as sodium salts that are mixed into a water solution.
* are blood thinning agents that decrease the blood's ability to form clots
- effective when administered in patients with TIAs to reduce the risk of a stroke
- substances that interfere with normal blood clotting
- the most common rodenticide on the market
* attempt to prevent further clotting in the coronary arteries by thinning the blood.
* can increase the chances of bleeding.
* decrease the ability of platelets in the blood to form clots
- the blood to clot
* inhibits clotting of blood and fibrin clots.
* is medicine.
* lengthen the time it takes for blood to clot.
* lower the risk from clotting but raise the risk of bleeding.
* often help reduce the chance of sudden graft closure.
* prevent the blood from clotting, or coagulating.
* prolong clotting times, heparin is an anticoagulant.
* then liquefy the semen, and the sperm begin swimming.
* work by interfering with the blood-clotting mechanism.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | anticoagulant:
Warfarin
* blood anticoagulant, causing internal bleeding and hemorrhaging leading to death
- thinner, or anticoagulant, that reduces the blood's ability to clot
- thinning drug and rat poison
* can also cause bleeding, which in rare cases is fatal
- cause birth defects
* has a narrow therapeutic range
- stronger effect on some people than on others
* is also the active ingredient in various rodenticides and insecticides.
* is an anticoagulant taken by mouth
- associated with an embryopathy and increases the risk of fetal wastage
- contraindicationted in the first trimester of pregnancy because of teratogenicity
* is the most common blood thinning pill
- blood-thinning pill
* is the most commonly used medication to prevent clotting
- oral anticoagulant
- widely prescribed oral anticoagulant drug in North America
* is used in preventing closure of coronary artery stents due to clotting
- to prevent blood clots
- usually very safe when used carefully but the level in the blood is critical
* poison that has been used for many years to kill rats.
* slow-acting anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting, thus leading to death.
* synthetic toxicant derived from coumarol.
* widely used anticoagulant.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Anticonvulsant
* All anticonvulsants act through their effect on the brain, since seizures arise from the brain
- have their degree of risks, needless to say
* Many anticonvulsants decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
* Some anticonvulsants have actions on folate metabolism.
* act by preventing nerve cells in the brain from becoming too excited
- to decrease the irritability of the neuron
* affect the bones in many ways.
* are reliably effective in controlling seizures secondary to cysticercosis
- the main form of treatment for epilepsy
- used to treat seizures
- usually the only treatments given for idiopathic epilepsy
* can cause changes in blood work and can occasionally cause true liver disease
- induce chorea
- reduce the risk of further seizure activity
* cause acne and oily skin
- neural tube defects like spinal bifida and anencephaly
* have an analgesic effect, although at similar risk of minor adverse effects.
* help protect against the kindling effect.
* only stay in one's system for a few hours.
* stop the spread of an abnormal signal to other parts of the brain. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Antidepressant
* All antidepressants are equally effective in treating depression
- can cause a very few people to become more aggressive or suicidal
* All antidepressants have some side effects
- the potential of increasing cycling
- take time to work
* Learn about antidepressant therapy while pregnant and breastfeeding.
* Many antidepressants also increase one's appetite
- are on the market
- cause withdrawal symptoms if stopped too quickly
- have an impact on the dopamine system or dopaminergic-blocking action
- seem to have sexual side effects
* Most antidepressants are slow to work
- have anti- anxiety effects
- improve libido because depression tends to decrease it
- work by regulating the amounts of chemicals released into the brain
* Some antidepressants affect many neurotransmitters together with noradrenaline and serotonin.
* Some antidepressants are also effective
- better than others with regard to breastfeeding
- common offenders, as are some drugs for head and back injuries
- more likely than others to interfere with sexual function
- block the enzyme that chews up neurotransmitter
* Some antidepressants can cause suicidal or aggressive thoughts and behaviour
- dry up saliva
- help panic
- inhibit orgasm
- suppress appetite, but again the actual pounds lost is small
- cost more than others
- e.g. the tricyclics, block the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline
- have a sedative effect while others tend to have a slightly stimulating effect
- interfere with the potency or the act itself
- work by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine
* account for the most drug sales.
* affect the brain s neurotransmitters to help improve mood and energy level.
* also can help with some sorts of nerve pain.
* appear equally effective.
* are a non-habit forming medical treatment for depression
- among the most widely prescribed medications in the United States
- as common as candy
- beneficial in treating specific pain syndromes
- dangerous
- easy to get
* are effective in bulimic patients who have no depressive symptoms, as well
- reducing neuropathic pain
- medications that prevent or relieve depression
* are medicines that treat depression
- used to treat depression and other illnesses
- medicines, which correct the neurotransmitter metabolism
- most effective when a. the depressed person is also receiving counseling
- no exception
- powerful and, as such, have many side effects and complications
* are the most widely used preventive medicine a
- standard treatment for both types of neuropathies
- unnatural and unhealthy
- useful in managing depression and anxiety
- usually only a part of treatment
* bind the serotonin transporters, making serotonin uptake impossible.
* can act within two to three weeks and often are used in addition to psychotherapy.
* can also help
- increase one's susceptibility to the intoxicating effects of alcohol
* can be effective for various physical symptoms and symptom syndromes
- good and bad
* can be very effective
- helpful for people suffering from depression
- cause mild and usually temporary side effects in some people
* can have side effects, especially in older persons who metabolize drugs more slowly
- strong antihistamine and antipruritic effects
- help reduce symptoms, usually over a period of weeks
- provide relief of symptoms within one to two months
- relieve emotional stress that leads to symptoms of back pain
- restore the balance
- sometimes help
- take several weeks to take effect
- treat the mood alarm
- worsen certain types of glaucoma and cause constipation
* cause cancer
- mouth dryness
* do have sexual adverse effects.
* don t all work in the same way.
* have a dosage window
- lot of side effects
- more inconsistent effect
- role as comedication in the acute treatment of the bipolar depression
- beneficial effects and side effects
- seven distinct mechanisms of action
- two roles in managing chronic pain
- virtually no abuse potential
* help depressed alcoholics
- smokers to quit
* help, and so does education about nutrition.
* helps alleviate some of their symptoms.
* improve depression in adults with physical illnesses
- mood and reverse the symptoms of depression
* increase brain steroids
- the level of certain important neurotransmitters
* often have severe side effects.
* only remove depression.
* provide a way to cope.
* regulate the way the brain deals with serotonin.
* relieve depression in the depressed and cause excitement in a normal person.
* seem to alleviate peripheral neuropathy
- block panic attacks by reducing the firing rate of the locus ceruleus
- ease the pain in soft-tissue rheumatism or fibromyalgia
* simply balance the level of neurotransmitters already in the brain
- raise serotonin levels and thus bring chemical balance in the brain
* sometimes produce side effects like dry mouth or constipation.
* suppress REM in people with major depression.
* take from four to six weeks to have a strongly beneficial effect
- time to take effect
* typically have about a three week delay to onset of effect.
* usually take between two and eight weeks to work.
* work by increasing the amount of neurotransmitters available at the synapse
- level of neurotransmitters in the brain
- differently for different people
- on the brain and nervous system
- through a healing process, which often takes two to five weeks to start
- to improve the mood
* work, as do high-potency benzodiazepines.
+ Antidepressant, How they work: Drugs used in psychiatry
* Antidepressants work to improve the mood. Doctors think that when someone is depressed, the chemicals in their brain are not working properly. Antidepressants balance these chemicals, lifting the depression. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Antidepressant drug
* All antidepressant drugs are effective, but certain types work best for certain kinds of depression
- work by impairing the brain
* Many antidepressant drugs act by elevating serotonin.
* Most antidepressant drugs increase serotonergic activity
- relieve the symptoms, usually more quickly than they relieve depression
* affect dopamine uptake.
* are also beneficial in certain types of anxiety disorders
- effective in more than half of the cases of moderate to severe depression
- sometimes helpful if distress persists
* are very effective in treating major depression
- potent and have a number of possible sideeffects
- be helpful in some cases
* have serious, sometimes deadly, side-effects
- similar effects on serotonin and norepinephrine neurons
* is medicine
* reduce mental depression.
* relieve symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
* take over a normal function of the body.
### science | medicine | antidepressant drug:
Amitriptyline
* are drugs
* increases chemicals in the brain.
* is an antidepressant drug
* relieves diabetic neruopathy pain in patients with normal or depressed mood
- diabetic-neuropathy pain in patients with normal and depressed mood
Clomipramine
- tricyclic
* increases chemicals in the brain.
* is an anti-depressant
- in a class of drugs called tricyclic antidepressants
- used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder
* works by affecting brain serotonin.
Desipramine
* is the drug of choice
- metabolite of imipramine, and nortriptyline is the metabolite of amitriptyline
* relieves post- herpetic neuralgia
- post-herpetic neuralgia
Fluoxetine
* alters the effects of cocaine on vigilance taskperformance of rats
- intravenous cocaine in humans
* attenuates alcohol intake and desire to drink.
* improves emotional incontinence.
* is an antidepressant drug
* is available as capsules for oral administration
- or liquid on prescription only
Imipramine
* inhibits re-uptake of norepinephrine.
* tones up the sphincter a bit and relaxes the bladder as well.
Nefazodone
* also blocks norepinephrine reuptake.
* are drugs.
* inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine.
* is an antidepressant drug
- more expensive compared to generically prescribed TCAs
* nonhygroscopic, white crystalline solid.
Protriptyline
* are drugs
* crosses the placenta.
- available as tablets for oral administration
- excreted in human milk
Reboxetine
* are antidepressant
* increases the amount of noradrenaline in the brain.
- clearly effective in both the short and the long term compared with placebo
* is used to help the symptoms of anxiety and a number of other symptoms
- improve mood in people who are feeling low or depressed
* only effects the adrenaline system.
* seems to be an option for the treatment of bulimia nervosa
- work by increasing noradrenergic availability
Sertraline
* can cause weight loss
- increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin if used concomitantly
* fairly potent inhibitor of dopamine release.
- effective for the treatment of social phobia
- indicated for the symptomatic relief of depressive illness
* passes into breast milk.
* stands out as having the best effects on behavior among all antidepressants. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | antidepressant drug:
Trazodone
* appears similar, but with little effect on noradrenaline.
* can help the anxious patient go to sleep
- lower the seizure threshold
* has strong sedative properties but little anticholinergic effect
- weak skeletal muscle-relaxant activity and no anticonvulsant activity
* inhibits serotonin reuptake, but it's chemically different from the SSRIs.
- used in the treatment of aggressive behavior and cocaine withdrawal
- chemically different from other antidepressants
- excreted into the breast milk
- one of the safest sleeping pills for seniors, as well
- particularly efficacious in relieving nighttime agitation
* weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug with other effects on brain neurotransmitters.
Trazodone hydrochloride
* can cause significant drowsiness, orthostasis, and priapism.
* is an antidepressant drug
Tricyclic
* are one of the oldest classes of medications.
* can cause dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, dizziness and sedation
- have serious, although rare, side effects and can cause fatal overdose
* cause impotence, ejaculatory disturbances and anorgasmia.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antidepressant drug:
Tricyclic antidepressant
* appear effective against certain forms of diabetic neuropathy
- to be effective in some cases of chronic urticaria
* are an older class of antidepressants, but which work quite well
- anticholinergic poisons in elderly and demented patients
- commonly prescribed agents that are often lethal in overdose
- effective adjuvant analgesics in a wide range of painful conditions
- more likely to cause adverse events and dropouts
- no longer the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for depression
* facilitate and increase the sympathomimetic response of phenylephrine.
* have a narrow therapeutic index, and overdoses can be life-threatening
- an additive sympathomimetic effect with phenylephrine
- anticholinergic effects
* increase the availability of several neurotransmitters in the brain.
* relieve pain in up to two-thirds of patients.
* type of drug that is widely prescribed for depression.
* work because they block the normal function of serotonin.
Antidepressant medicine
* Some antidepressant medicines can help nerve pain and irritation.
* can interact with other medicines.
* have other side effects.
* helps symptoms of depression.
* work by increasing the amount of norepinephrine or serotonin
Different antidepressant
* Many different antidepressants are now available.
* have different effects.
Modern antidepressant
* are much safer and have fewer troublesome side effects than older ones.
* have fewer side effects than older antidepressants.
Antiemetic
* Some antiemetics also have sedative effects.
* block the messages to the vomiting center of the brain.
* is medicine.
* prevent or relieve symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
Antiepileptic drug
* Any antiepileptic drug can cause cognitive or memory impairment and sedation.
* are also teratogenic.
* is medicine
* work by reducing the abnormal firing of cortical neurons.
### science | medicine | antiepileptic drug:
Hydantoin
* Some hydantoins are central nervous system depressants.
* are anticonvulsants.
* is an antiepileptic drug | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | antiepileptic drug:
Phenytoin
* are drugs.
* binds preferentially to the inactive form of the sodium channel.
* can also depress the heart rate if it's injected too quickly
- help to prevent seizures occurring during or after surgery
- increase the hepatic metabolism of lorazepam, reducing lorazepam serum concentrations
- lower the number and severity of seizures and stop one as it's happening
* decreases valproic acid plasma concentrations by increasing hepatic metabolism.
* highly effective and widely prescribed anticonvulsant agent.
* increases markers of osteogenesis for the human species in vitro and in vivo.
* induces metabolizing enzymes in the liver.
* inhibits the spread of seizure activity in the brain.
* is an anti-epileptic
- apparently highly lipophillic, unlike aminoglycosides
- associated with both dose-related side effects and hypersensitivity reactions
* is available in Canada by prescription only
- a chewable tablet form for patients who have trouble swallowing pills
- designed to stop the seizure from spreading
- ineffective for febrile seizures
- known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy
- related to the barbiturates in chemical structure, but has a five-membered ring
- taken by mouth or administered by injection in the hospital
- teratogenic in mice and rats
- the most commonly used hydantoin anticonvulsant
* is used for all types of seizure except absence , and produces a low degree of sedation
- to control seizures
* provides prophylaxis against early posttraumatic seizure.
Valproic acid
* can cause false results in urine tests for ketones.
* is an antiepileptic drug
Antifungal medicine
* are usually effective, but relapses occur.
* come in three forms.
Antihypertensive
* are drugs used to treat high blood pressure.
* is medicine.
* work in various ways.
Antihypertensive drug
* All antihypertensive drugs are potentiated by general anesthetic agents, especially barbiturates.
* Many antihypertensive drugs have side effects, which makes management even more difficult.
* are the second most frequently prescribed drug in the United States.
* can slow the progression of kidney disease significantly.
### science | medicine | antihypertensive drug:
Clonidine
* blocks norepinephrine auto-receptors.
* decreases plasma catecholamines and improves outcome from incomplete ischemia in the rat.
* is an antihypertensive drug
* passes into breast milk.
Hydralazine
* is an antihypertensive drug
* relaxes blood vessels lowering blood pressure
- the muscles that control the diameter of blood vessels
Prazosin
* passes into breast milk in small amounts.
* produces decrease in preload and afterload by alpha receptor blockade.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antihypertensive drug:
Reserpine
* also combats irregular heartbeat and has a sedative effect.
* can antagonize the inhibitory effects of anticholinergic agents on gastric acid secretion.
* can cause miosis, which is slight, but can last up to a week after a single dose
- various types of sexual dysfunction
* crosses the placental barrier.
* decreases catecholamines since the catecholamines end up getting degraded by enzymes.
* diminishes the activity of levodopa
- effects of levodopa
* is an antihypertensive drug
- which also has been used to treat schizophrenia
- considered a sympathomimetic agent, one that targets the sympathetic nervous system
- embryotoxic and has effects on reproduction
- risky, as it can induce depression, impotence, sedation, and dizziness upon standing
- the treatment of choice for choreatic tardive dyskinesia
* produces a tranquilizing effect by depletion of catecholamines in the brain.
* reduces the level of adrenalin-like substances in the body. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Antimalarial
* also affect platelets to reduce the risk of blood clots and lower plasma lipid levels.
* are another type of drug commonly used to treat lupus.
* do have side effects in some people, some of the lime.
* help, particularly when joint and skin manifestations are prominent.
Antimalarial drug
* Most antimalarial drugs have a long plasma half-life.
* Some antimalarial drugs are more effective in some parts of the world than others.
* are medicine.
* is medicine
* modulate the expression of monocyte receptors.
* reduce cytoadherence and rosetting of Plasmodium falciparum.
### science | medicine | antimalarial drug:
Chloroquine
* alone is now inadequate for prophylaxis in most areas.
* are antimalarial
- pharmaceutical drugs
* inhibits heme-dependent protein synthesis in Plasmodium falciparum.
* interferes with pigment synthesis affecting the colour of blonde or red hair.
* is an antimalarial drug
* passes into breast milk.
Antiprotozoal
* are another category in which much work is needed to find new and improved drugs.
* is medicine<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Antiseptic
* are chemical agents used on the skin or tissue
- chemicals used on living tissues to inhibit the growth of microorganisms
- milder than disinfectants
- too strong to be swallowed or injected into the body
- useful in further cleaning the wound and preventing infection
* kill various types of bacteria.
* make it less likely a wound gets infected.
* rapidly inactivate any living vaccine bacilli.
* An 'Antiseptic' substance that is applied to lesions of the skin. Antiseptics make it less likely a wound gets infected. Commonly used antiseptics include alcohol, iodine and mercury compounds.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antiseptic:
Chloramine
* Some chloramines can cause eye irritation and chlorine odors.
* affect salt water fish just as they effect fresh water fish
- saltwater fish in the same way they affect freshwater fish
* are a combination of chlorine and a small amount of ammonia
- ammonia, both of which are toxic to fish
- good disinfectant
- slightly weaker, but much longer-lasting disinfectant
- eye and skin irritants, and they can cloud the water
* are harmful only when they directly enter the bloodstream through the dialysis process
- interact with the blood stream in large amounts
- when they go directly into the bloodstream, as happens in kidney dialysis
* are more stable than chlorine
- hypochlorite, so they remain in the water a little longer
* are only harmful to fish and other aquatic life
* can cloud pool water
- promote algae growth in open bodies of water
* come in a distant second, followed by chlorine dioxide and ozone.
* is an antiseptic
- chemical compounds
* pass through the gills of fish and directly into their bloodstreams.
* require a long contact time to be effective sanitizing agents.
* smell bad.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antiseptic:
Chlorhexidine
* are antiseptics.
* bactericidal antiseptic that disrupts cell membrane functions.
* bis-biguanide formula with cationic properties.
* destroys the bacteria, thereby preventing the gingivitis from occurring.
* have some limitations which make some routine use inadvisable.
- now available in pads and swab sticks
- the most effective product to inhibit plaque formation in humans
* rinses twice a day are excellent ways to help the patient control plaque.
* works by killing the bacteria. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | antiseptic:
Thimerosal
* constains a small amount of mercury in the form of ethyl mercury.
* contains a mercury compound called ethyl mercury
* derivative of mercury, which known neurotoxin.
* induces toxic reaction in non-sensitized animals.
* is an effective preservative that contains ethyl mercury
- important preservative that protects vaccine against bacterial contamination
- converted to ethylmercury, an organic form that has a preference for nerve cells
- the most widely used preservative in vaccines
- toxic, allergenic, and considered a probable human carcinogen
- used as an extra safeguard against vaccine contamination
* mercury-based additive
- chemical
* mercury-containing preservative found in a number of vaccines
- that has been used in some vaccines for many years
* preservative that the body metabolizes into mercury
- used in contact lens solutions and the flu vaccine
* prevents bacterial contamination of multi dose vaccine vials when they are opened
- the vaccine
* very effective preservative that contains mercury.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | antiseptic:
Tincture of iodine
* are antiseptics
- tincture
* common iodine disinfectant.
* good test for the presence of starch.
* has about equal amounts of iodide and iodine.
* is an antiseptic
- reddish brown in color
* solution of iodine and potassium iodide in alcohol.
+ Iodine, Uses: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals
* Iodine is used as a catalyst for making acetic acid. Animal feed also has iodine in it for nutrition. Iodine is used for a disinfectant. Tincture of iodine is a common iodine disinfectant. Iodine can be used to prevent thyroid cancer after a nuclear explosion. After a nuclear explosion, radioactive iodine fills the air. The radioactive iodine easily goes into the thyroid and causes cancer. When people take iodine tablets, it fills up the thyroid with non-radioactive iodine which prevents any radioactive iodine from coming in.
* Tincture of iodine' is a disinfectant. It has iodine and potassium iodide dissolved in ethanol and water. Normally, iodine does not dissolve in water. But when iodide is added, the iodine can dissolve. Also, ethanol helps iodine dissolve. Tincture of iodine has about equal amounts of iodide and iodine.
Antispasmodic
* are a remedy for menstrual cramps.
* can prevent or ease spasms and cramps in the body.
* is medicine. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | antitussive:
Codeine
* Most codeine is converted from morphine rather than directly derived from opium
- prepared by methylation of morphine
* Most codeine used in the U.S. is produced from morphine
- United States is produced from morphine
* affects muscle contractions and has unwanted effects.
* also can be addictive.
* are analgesic
- drugs
- opiate
* can be addictive if taken in large doses or over the recommended dose
- cause constipation, inhibition of mucocillary clearance and dependence
* can hide signs of severe abdominal problems
- symptoms of serious abdominal conditions
* centrally acting agent which elevates the threshold for cough
- antitussive agent
* crosses the blood-brain barrier, and is found in fetal tissue and breast milk.
* is able to produce physiological drug dependence similar to morphine dependence.
* is an antitussive
- effective cough suppressant and is found in a number of liquid preparations
* is an opiate analgesic and antitussive
- used to treat pain , as a cough medicine , and for diarrhea
* is an opium alkaloid, with activity similar to, but weaker than morphine
- derivative related to heroin
- habit-forming and potentially abusable
- in a class of drugs called narcotic analgesics
- our P-drug for dry cough
* is the opioid most commonly used
- preparation most commonly used in prescription cough suppressants
* narcotic and guaifenesin is thought to increase the fluidity of secretions.
* often causes nausea, dizziness, and constipation.
* pain reliever.
* phosphate occurs as fine, white, needle-shaped crystals, or white, crystalline powder.
* remains the most widely abused other opiate.
* represents the bulk of the licit opiate consumption.
* white crystal powder or tablet that can be added to liquids.
* widely used narcotic analgesic and antitussive.
Antiviral
* are a good bet for helping reduce the risk
- ineffective against adenovirus
- now available for a wide variety of viral diseases
* is medicine
* work by binding to a target in the virus, usually a protein or enzyme.
Antiviral agent
* Most antiviral agents are members of the antimetabolite family.
* can shorten attacks by decreasing viral replication.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Antiviral drug
* Most antiviral drugs continue to be nucleoside or nucleotide analogs.
* are available to slow the progression of the disease
- effective if taken early in an attack or continuously in a preventive regimen
- just like any other prescription drug
* can shorten the course of illness when given during the first two days of symptoms.
* control most types of the virus.
* interfere with the virus life cycle.
* reduce pain, itching and frequency of outbreaks.
* suppress the reproduction and mutation.
### science | medicine | antiviral drug:
Delavirdine
* also increases levels of other protease inhibitors, especially indinavir and nelfinavir.
* are drugs.
* can interact with other drugs.
* increases indinavir concentrations
- saquinavir levels
* is an antiviral drug
- medication
- broken down by the liver and can interact with other drugs that also use the liver
* makes the liver work slower. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | antiviral drug:
Interferon
* Most interferons are very species specific.
* Some interferon enters the bloodstream, where more is produced to help protect the rest of the body
- interferons induce antiviral activity, others enhance the immune response
* affect any type of virus.
* also have non-antiviral actions including regulating cell properties and functions.
* appear to be effective at slowing the replication of almost any human virus.
* are a class of proteins that are released by virus-infected cells
- family of cytokines produced in response to viral infections
- an essential factor of vital activity of a cell itself
- globular proteins
- instrumental in the clearance of pathogens such as viruses from the body
- natural substances produced by the body in response to viral infection
- produced when any virus invades a cell
* are proteins naturally produced by the body to regulate the immune system
- that the body makes in response to a foreign stimulus
- released from infected cells and bind to the membranes of neighboring cells
- simply proteins which are associated with anti-viral activity
* bind to specific membrane receptors on cell surfaces.
* exert their effort by activating a signal transduction pathway.
* have strong antiviral and anticancer properties.
* interact with cells through high affinity cell surface receptors.
* interfere with the division of cancer cells and can slow tumor growth
- cells and thus slow the growth of the tumor
- antivirals
* modulate immune functions and inhibit viral replication.
* offer immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects as well as antiviral activity.
* orchestrate every aspect of the immune system.
* play an important role in the first line of defense against viral infections
- important roles in the normal immune system
* protect neighboring cells from invasion by parasites, including viruses
- other cells from becoming infected by the virus
* regulate the phenotype of wild-type and mutant herpes simplex viruses in vivo.
* stimulate the non-viral infected cells to produce enzymes with antiviral activity.
### science | medicine | antiviral drug | interferon:
Alpha interferon
* has many side effects
- multiple neuropsychiatric effects
* is already a prescription drug
* natural protein present in the body in small amounts.
* potent immune system enhancer and a powerful inhibitor of viruses.
* treatment that works throughout the body.
Beta interferon
* can actually alter the course of the disease in some patients.
* is but one of many down regulating humoral factors
* reduces the frequency and severity of acute attacks.
Natural interferon
* are a group of small proteins secreted by cells following viral infection.
* enjoys a fully natural human protein configuration. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | antiviral drug:
Protease inhibitor
* All protease inhibitors run the risk of triggering the development of viral resistance.
* act by blocking the activation of viral proteins.
* affect triglycerides in some patients.
* are a class of anti-HIV drugs
- new class of anti-HIV drugs
- also part of standard antiretroviral therapy
- antiviral drugs
- by far the biggest lump in the pill burden
- complicated to use correctly
- expensive
- far from a cure-all, however
- much more effective
- perhaps the most powerful anti-HIV drugs available
- some of the most difficult drugs to take correctly
* are the most active group of anti-HIV drugs discovered to date
- powerful anti-HIV drugs available so far
- second class of anti-HIV drugs currently available
* attack the virus once it has successfully infiltrated the cell.
* block the cutting.
* can effect the absorption of other drugs by the body.
* come of age.
* inhibit an enzyme system that processes medications in the liver.
* is an antiviral drug
* play a role as well by increasing triglycerides and glucose.
* prevent the protease enzyme from working.
* shine in triple combinations.
* slow tumor growth.
* suppress in vitro growth of human small cell lung cancer.
* unmask diabetes in some patients.
Antiviral medicine
* are specific to each virus.
* can help newly diagnosed people regain a feeling of control over their lives.
Asian medicine
* is an old culture and they have been using velvet for multitudes of years.
* uses it for giddiness, high blood pressure, slow and painful urination, and wounds.
Astringent
* alleviate the pruritus, irritation and pain produced by haemorrhoids.
* also help in binding up loose bowels in diarrhea.
* are antiseptic and help shrink swollen tissue
- usually for oily skin and are often designed to fight acne or control oil
* exhibits both tonic and diuretic properties.
* is medicine
Auricular medicine
* is performed by physicians, mostly in Europe.
* uses medicine or homeopathics as an aid in diagnosing auricular points
- needles or laser or electricity to treat acupoints<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Ayurvedic medicine
* are also popular in Venezuela
- available that had been shown very effective for treating diabetes
- often prepared with yantras or in the presence of a yantra
* emphasizes mental nurturing and spiritual healing.
* has ancient roots
- several key foundations that pertain to health and disease
* is in that category
- state-supported in India
- the ancient medical system of India
* uses a system of six tastes which are, in turn, directly related to the elements
- herbal compounds internally and externally for symptom relief
- it to increase overall vitality and to treat memory loss and senility
* utilizes it for the treatment of arthritis.
Azathioprine
* depresses both cell mediated and humeral immunity.
* works by inhibiting cell division.
Behavioral medicine
* focuses on the impact of pain on patient's lives.
* provides a link between physiology and psychology.
Botanical medicine
* is the use of plants as medicine
* large part of naturopathy.
* primary modality of naturopathic physicians.
* uses plant extracts to treat or prevent symptoms.
Branch of medicine
* Branches of medicine are things like dermatology and neurology.
* Some branches of medicine support the use of nutritional supplements in the treatment of disease. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Bronchodilator
* act principally to dilate the airways by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle
- open the airways by relaxing bronchial muscle
- to enlarge constricted airways and ease the work of breathing
* also come in liquid form for children
- help clear mucus from the lungs
* are medications that are commonly used to treat COPD by relaxing bronchial muscles
- medicines to relax the muscles in the airway walls and help open the airways
- potent drugs
- relatively harmless when taken as prescribed, in moderation
- still a mainstay of asthma therapy
* are the cornerstone of such therapy
- most commonly prescribed drugs to treat asthma
- usually ineffective
* can help the cough as well.
* cause smooth muscle relaxation of the airways.
* effectively relieve bronchospasm.
* help open the airways in the lungs and decrease shortness of breath
- stop attacks in progress by relaxing the bronchial muscles
* is medicine
* open the lungs so more air can get in
- up the constricted airways of asthmatic patients
* relax airways and actively open airways.
* relax the muscles and relieve the bronchospasm
- in the airways
- smooth muscles that line the airway
* relieve acute attack symptoms and provide help in emergency situations.
* widen the bronchial tubes in the lungs.
* work by opening the bronchial passages so that more air can get through. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | bronchodilator:
Ephedrine
* act in a similar way as that of adrenaline.
* acts as a decongestant.
* aids the process of weight reduction.
* also stimulates perspiration and lowers body temperature.
* are alkaloids
- bronchodilators
- decongestants
- stimulants
* banned stimulant that is often found in nonprescription cold remedies.
- and a potent stimulant
* can accelerate heart rate and increase blood pressure
- be valuable, but it also can be quite deadly if used incorrectly
- cause high blood pressure, insomnia, seizures, heart attacks and stroke
- sharply raise blood pressure and heart rate as well
* causes the body to lose water.
* comes from a plant, an herb known as ma huang.
* drug commonly used in relieving hay fever and nasal congestion
- derived from Chinese herbs
- used in many products sold for weight loss and as treatments for allergies
* hormone made by the adrenal and is used medically to raise blood pressures etc.
* is also the substance used for the illicit production of crystalline methamphetamine
- an alkaloid
- available over the counter in drugs used to treat allergies and asthma
- effective for relieving bronchial asthma, but increases heart rate and blood pressure
- in no way a miracle drug
- like amphetamine and methamphetamine
- much like adrenalin, but is less potent
* is one of the key ingredients in methamphetamine manufacture
- such drug
* is structurally similar to the amphetamines and increases heart rate and blood pressure
- very similar to amphetamine and methamphetamine
- the strongest safe stimulant known today
- very hot
* key ingredient in many diet pills.
* killer high.
* legal stimulant that has recently become very popular.
* mimics the effects of adrenaline.
* natural stimulant found in many diet pills offered today.
* nervous system stimulant.
* non-prescription stimulant medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure.
* primes the adrenal glands and helps balance brain chemistry to curb appetite.
* releases noradrenaline in the brain which raises the metabolic rate and body temperature.
* speeds up the nervous system, opens sinuses and increases one's heart rate.
* stimulant of the central nervous system
- used to treat asthma and nasal congestion
* suppresses the appetite, but more importantly, it speeds up the metabolism.
* very popular drug that was once commonly given to people with asthma.
* works primarily through the release of excitatory chemicals called catecholamines.
+ Ephedrine, Uses: Chemical compounds
* Ephedrine has effects on the human body. It can be used as a stimulant or a decongestant. It is also used to treat certain forms of low blood pressure or to help hunger. Ephedrine is like amphetamine and methamphetamine.
Inhaled bronchodilator
* are medication which are inhaled into the lungs.
* provide only temporary relief of symptoms. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | bronchodilator:
Theophylline
* acts like a diuretic which can cause low potassium which in turn can cause leg cramps.
* antagonizes the effect of propranolol.
* are a second important class of bronchodilators used in the treatment of asthma
- xanthines
* can also act as a mild diuretic, causing an increase in urination
- cause irritabilty, restlessness and can precipitate cardiac arrhythmia
- cause shakiness, nausea, hyperactivity or a rapid heartbeat
- make high blood pressure worse
* classic linear compound at concentration within the therapeutic range.
* crosses the placenta
- placental barrier, it also passes into breast milk
* distributes in all body compartments.
* has a long duration of action when given as the sustained-release preparation
- narrow therapeutic index, the margin of safety above therapeutic doses is small
- extensive human experience without evidence of significant abnormalities
* have to build up a certain level in the blood, to be effective.
* improves functional recovery of isolated rat lungs following hypothermic preservation.
* is administered by continuous infusion
- orally and rectally to treat asthma
- also a bronchodilator which is taken by mouth
- another type of bronchodilator
- dialyzable
- distributed in the extracellular fluids and uniformly to all tissues
- given by mouth three times a day
* is metabolized in the liver
- partially to caffeine in the neonate
- one kind of medicine that is taken as a pill for chronic bronchitis
- present in small amounts in tea
- related chemically to caffeine
* is supplied as hydrous aminophylline for infusion
- in several forms for oral administration
- used to open the airways in people with asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis
* is used to treat asthma in pregnant women
- the symptoms of asthma, bronchitis and emphysema
* long-acting, oral medication used to prevent symptoms, especially at night.
* low extraction drug.
* potent inotrope and thus increases myocardial oxygen demand.
* potentiates the effects of diuretics and the cardiac effect of digitalis glycosides.
* reduces the effect of lithium.
* relative of caffeine and can cause sleep problems.
* relaxes airway smooth muscle.
* relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, and stimulates gastric secretion
- lung muscles
* xanthine structurally related to theobromine and caffeine.
Calcium blocker
* are appropriate for elderly hypertensives.
* is medicine.
Cathartic
* are capable of laxatives.
* irritate the lining of the intestines.
* is medicine
- the word that comes to mind | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Chinese medicine
* Most chinese medicine uses techniques.
* approaches illness by treating causes to prevent it from recurring.
* can also decrease the side effects of synthetic hormones during an assisted cycle
- prolong life, vitality and well-being by slowing the ageing process
- treat acute and chronic conditions and provide preventative care
* cautions against buckwheat for individuals with spleen qi deficiency.
* describes yin as negative and yang as positive.
* emphasises the influence of the Kidneys on the uterus and fertility.
* emphasizes energy while Western medicine considers structure and function.
* harmonizes both philosophy and science.
* has a long history of successful treatment for gynecological disorders
- very different view of foods and diet
- no side effects
* healing tradition with long history, great sophistication and dynamism.
* helps relieve the acute attacks.
* holds that any symptom or illness imbalance in a persons energy
- there vital force that permeates all life
* holistic medicine.
* includes acupunctures, herbal medicine and a philosophy of the body as a whole.
* incorporates centuries of experience in dealing with depression.
* indicates that a different organ system is vulnerable each season.
* interprets the body differently than Western medicine.
* is about energy
- holistic and based on nature
- in classifying into different categories natural phenomena
* is one of the most holistic medical systems available today
- oldest forms of healing known to humankind
- still very widely practiced in the East
* is the most important Chinese contribution to healthcare in the new millennium
- oldest, professional, continually practiced, literate medicine in the world
- research and treatment of good health
- very successful in relieving pain, whether caused by injury or disease
- very, very safe, far safer than Western medicine
* looks at the body as an ecosystem of checks and balances
- entire pattern of how an organ works throughout the body
* notes that as people become elder, kidney energy decreases.
* offers self-empowerment.
* pays little regard to the physiological causes of ill-health.
* prescientific system of thought and pactic developed over thousands of years.
* product of the Chinese language.
* recognizes both internal and external causes of disease.
* regards the human body as a small-scale reflection of the cosmos.
* relies on bitter herbs to stimulate the gall bladder to produce more bile.
* says that if the energy in the body stops moving, then there is disease
- it is heat in the lungs
* supports eating meat, and traditional medicine does as well.
* takes a holistic, patient-based approach to pain.
* teaches that illness is an imbalance in the body's chi circulation.
* treats the cause of the disorder, and Western medicine the symptom of the disorder.
* true holistic medicine based on prevention.
* uses acupuncture to adjust the flow of energy in the body
* views the body as a network of channels called meridians
- raw velvet antler as a potent and effective natural immune booster
* works holistically.
Chiropractic medicine
* can work for mechanical issues.
* focuses on the relationship between the spinal column and the nervous system.
* involves manual and electronic manipulation and adjustment of the spine.
* is part of the healing arts.
Clinical medicine
* is divorced from preventive medicine.
* science of complex systems. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Colchicine
* acts by decreasing inflammation in an acute attack.
* are analgesic
- drugs
* can be toxic when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed in the eyes
- lower body temperature, especially in the elderly
* disrupts the spindle apparatus.
* inhibits microtubule formation while taxol stabilizes microtubules
- spindle formation, and prevents separation of chromosomes at anaphase
* interferes with microtubule assembly-hence arrests chromosome movement in mitosis.
* is effective in controlling chronic cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis
- to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed
* passes into breast milk.
Cold medicine
* Some cold medicines contain a fever reducer like the ingredient in Tylenol.
* is located in drugstores
* work by alleviating some of the symptoms of colds, such as runny nose or congestion.
Community medicine
* are an alternative for many poorer consumers world-wide.
* is an alternative for a significant segment of consumers.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Complementary medicine
* blend of holistic and conventional methods of evaluation and therapy.
* combines alternative and traditional therapies.
* covers a wide range of healing philosophies, approaches and therapies.
* has a special place in Germany.
* is medicine
- the next logical step in the treatment of cancer patients
- treatment used in addition to conventional therapy
- used in addition to conventional treatments
* newly emerging area of importance in urology.
* offers the danger of people taking charge of their own healthcare.
* provides patients with therapies that accompany medical care.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Conventional medicine
* believes in aggressive intervention to treat disease
- that mind and consciousness arise from the physical body
* can only offer a range of pain-killing drugs to treat migraine.
* does try to use the immune system against cancer.
* has patients
- several methods for identifying allergens
- three major approaches to immune dysfunction
- very little faith in the body to heal itself
* is led by the doctor's diagnosis.
* pays little attention to natural healing in theory, and even less in practice.
* provides women with a variety of treatments for breast lumps.
* takes a different approach to symptoms
- the view that symptoms are a direct manifestation of the illness
* tends to treat the disease, with a focus on getting better.
* treats infection.
* uses diet, anti-biotics and sometimes surgery
- drugs to block inflammation and pain in the joints
Cough medicine
* Some cough medicines contain mixtures of expectorants and antitussives.
* can trigger hacking and wheezing.
Counterirritant
* also provoke a release of endorphins which reduce pain.
* is medicine
Cure
* are as whimsical as causes of illness
- bands
- located in doctors
- permanent, whereas some allergens can change
- rivers
* is by evaporation of the water<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | cure:
Acoustic
* Descibe how the human ear works.
* are part of physics
- physical science
- remedies
- the primary means of collecting streambed-elevation and velocity data
* becomes an issue in a building where sound absorption and quiet are important.
* can effect sound, tuning and matching of sound.
* differ from space to space.
* echo in all directions, and is therefore very difficult to pinpoint.
* play an important role noise mitigation and proper design of teaching spaces.
* provides a means to obtain continuous observation and assessment of underwater resources. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | cure | acoustic:
Acoustic neuroma
* are a type of schwannoma
- benign and noncancerous
- noncancerous growths that can cause deafness and, ultimately, death
- removable by surgery but involve a risk of hearing loss
- schwannomas that involve the eighth cranial nerve
* cause problems by their growth in a space limited by the size of the skull.
* is benign and noncancerous.
* slow-growing benign tissue growth on the eighth cranial nerve.
* treatable, non-malignant tumor.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | cure:
Ipecac
* can be very dangerous, especially when taken in large quantities
- break up a coughing spasm
* causes vomiting and is useful in treating poisonings with many noncaustic substances.
* induces vomiting to help clear the system of poison
* is contraindicated because it lowers the threshold for seizures
- toxic, whether taken as a single large dose or as small doses that can build up over time
* medicine used to induce vomiting.
* relieves tightness in the chest.
* treats some types of poisonings by causing vomiting.
* works by inducing vomiting.
Salve
* are herbal oils hardened with beeswax and cocoa butter.
* have some sort of oil or tallow to aid penetration.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | cure | salve:
Arnica
* also helps conditions such as pulled muscles and tendons.
* botanical which has been used for centuries, primarily in Europe.
* bright yellow, daisy-like flower native to the high mountains of Europe and America.
* effectively reduces pain and swelling, and promotes rapid healing.
* exhibits antiseptic and pain-killing properties when applied to inflammations.
* grows in the mountains of Europe and Siberia.
* has aversion to meat, broth and milk.
* helps to relieve acute injuries and soothe over-worked muscles.
* is accepted to have a positive effect on bruises, sprains, and wounds.
* is also a common homeopathic remedy for multiple sclerosis
- available in creams and gels for surface healing of bruised and sore areas
* is an excellent botanical for extremely sensitive skin
- herb known to be a muscle relaxant
- available in the globules or pellets to be taken under the tongue
- one of the best remedies for external healing of bruises and sprains
- poisonous if it gets inside the body
- routine, because it produces states upon the human body like it had been bruised
* is the anti-inflammatory extract of a small white flower native to Europe
- primary homeopathic contusion remedy
- toxic if it gets inside the body
* is used for sprains and strains
- primarily for external use
* perennial that is protected in parts of Europe.
* prefers subalpine and alpine rocky areas.
* relieves pain and acts as a natural antibiotic and anti-inflammatory.
Chrism
* are ointment.
* is olive oil that has been infused with spice or perfume, making the oil fragrant
- salve
* mixture of a mixture of oil and balsam perfume from fir trees
- olive oil and balsam used for anointing the crown of the head after baptism<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | cure | salve:
Lip balm
* Many lip balms come with sunscreen protection and can help prevent cracking and burning.
* ' product which is put on lips so they will not dry when a person is outdoors in the sun and wind. Lip balm is usually made from petrolatum. Some types of lip balm also include sunscreen to protect the lips from sunburn. Lip balm comes in tubes and small pots with screw-on lids.
* can be use to moisturize and soften cold sores so they are less likely to crack and bleed
- help protect some people from getting cold sores
* is like oil or cream
- used to prevent the sensitive skin on our lips from drying out
* prevent burning and chapping. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | cure:
Surgical excision
* is curative.
* is the gold standard of treatment for surgically accessible lesions
- only way to save vision
- treatment of choice in all cases amenable to excision
* procedure done with a scalpel.
* remains the only method of curing renal cell carcinoma.
Cytotoxic drug
* are usually combined with high doses of steroids.
* is medicine
* work over a long period of time.
### science | medicine | cytotoxic drug:
Cancer drug
* Many cancer drugs cause baldness.
* Some cancer drugs are particularly dangerous and risk damaging the heart or other vital organs.
* can cause nausea.
* cytotoxic drug
### science | medicine | cytotoxic drug | cancer drug:
Antimetabolite
* are structurally similar to normal metabolic substrates.
* kill resting as well as dividing cells.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | cytotoxic drug | cancer drug | antimetabolite:
Methotrexate
* acts by inhibiting the action of the enzyme tetrahydrofolate reductase.
* alone provides tumor control within the brain, spinal fluid and covert systemic sites.
* are drugs
- immunosuppressants
* interferes with folate synthesis
- the vitamin folic acid and kills rapidly growing cells
* is an antimetabolite
* terminates pregnancy by blocking cells from multiplying and dividing.
* works by blocking folic acid and preventing cell division in the developing pregnancy
- interfering with the development of rapidly dividing cells in the human body
Thioguanine
* interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed.
* sometimes causes nausea and vomiting.
Vinblastine
* drug used in the treatment of cancer.
* generally has an insignificant effect on red cell count and hemoglobin.
* interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed.
* is drugs. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Decongestant
* Many decongestants contain ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, a cousin to adrenalin.
* Most decongestants are chemical relatives of adrenaline.
* act to constrict the blood vessels to provide relief.
* add to the effect of antihistamines by reducing swelling of the nasal passages.
* also help alleviate the symptoms of bronchitis
- increase blood pressure
* are available as pills, liquids, nasal sprays or drops
- nose sprays or drops
- drugs that can help re-establish drainage of the nasal passages
- safer if used for short periods of time
* can aggravate high blood pressure, heart, and thyroid disease.
* can also help to reduce stuffiness and shrink swollen mucus membranes
- shrink swollen membranes and reduce stuffiness
- be helpful such as pseudoephedrine or phenolpropanolamine
* can cause hyperactivity and irritability
- nervousness, sleeplessness or elevation in blood pressure
- dry up mucus in the chest, head, and nose
- give short-term relief from nasal stuffiness
* can help reduce the swelling in the eustachian tube and relieve ear pressure
- relieve sinus congestion, and help overcome the symptoms of a common cold
- to clear the nose and sinuses
- with nasal symptoms
- potentially increase the heart rate of both mother and child
- raise blood pressure and increase the heart rate
- relieve stuffiness from head congestion
* cause the blood vessels to narrow, thus, leading to the clearing of nasal congestion.
* clear up redness and nasal congestion.
* come either topically as in nasal sprays or in liquid or pill form.
* come in a variety of forms some associated with antihistamines and some alone
- many different forms
- pills, liquids, and nasal sprays under many brand names
- the form of oral medication, nose drops and nasal sprays
* constrict the blood vessels, put air through the nose, and alleviate pressure.
* decrease swelling in the nose.
* have a limited role in the treatment of geriatric rhinitis.
* help by shrinking the swollen nasal tissues so as to open the breathing passages
- clear the infection by draining the infected sinsuses
- reduce swelled sinus passages, but they can also can lead to severe xerostomia
- temporarily relieve the stuffy nose of allergies
- to relieve runny nose, congestion and sinus headaches
- unclog nasal passages and clear congestion
* is medicine
* lessen congestion which prevents drainage, making bacterial infection more likely.
* offer relief of nasal and sinus congestion by narrowing blood vessels.
* often have a stimulant effect.
* open the ostia through which the mucus drains.
* reduce nasal blockage by narrowing blood vessels
- congestion by constricting blood vessels
- swelling of congested tissues
* relieve congestion by thinning the mucous so it can drain away
- congestion, promote sinus draining and improve breathing
* shrink congested nasal tissues.
* shrink swollen membranes in the nose, making it easier to breath
* temporarily raise the blood pressure and make extra work for the heart.
* treat nasal congestion
* work by narrowing blood vessels
- the blood vessels in the membranes that line the nose
### science | medicine | decongestant:
Oral decongestant
* can also help clear a stuffy nose.
* can cause an increase in blood pressure
- restlessness and irritability, as can asthma medicines
* shrink the nasal passages and reduce congestion.
Phenylephrine
* are drugs.
* causes hypertension as a relatively common side effect.
* is an agent
* works by reducing the swelling of blood vessels in the nasal passages. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | decongestant:
Pseudoephedrine
* can cause inability to sleep or nervousness
* has fewer stimulating effects than others
- many, many names
* is an orally effective nasal decongestant
- excreted in breast milk
- extracted from the pills during the process of manufacturing methamphetamine
- presumed to cross the placenta as well as the blood brain barrier
- shipped to the United States from Germany, China, India and the Czech Republic
- used to dry up nasal stuffiness
- without ergogenic effects during prolonged exercise
Demulcent
* are useful for coughs originating above the larynx.
* is medicine<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | dentistry:
Cosmetic dentistry
* blending of art and science.
* can be something to smile about
- have an impact on a person's smile that is like magic
- help restore self-confidence and make everyday life much more enjoyable
* combination of art and science.
* cultural phenomenon.
* is market driven
- nothing new and fine dentists have always thought about natural beauty
- now very important and is in high demand
- purely esthetic
- very much like plastic surgery
* relatively new field.
Implant dentistry
* can change the smiles and lives of millions for years to come.
* fixed, permanent solution for missing teeth.
* is different from conventional dentistry.
* multi-skilled field.
* restorative discipline with a surgical component.
* safe, predictable method for replacing missing teeth.
Dermatology
* Dermatologies are medicine.
* contains information directly pertinent to the specialty of dermatology.
* encompasses everything.
* is medicine
* refers to the science of the skin.
Different medicine
* Many different medicines can decrease bowel motility and lead to constipation.
* open up the lungs in different ways.
* work for different people.
Eastern medicine
* is much more holistic and based on traditional philosophy.
* uses herbs found only in China, Korea and Japan.
* views the human body as an equal combination of elements.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Endocrinology
* Discuss the physiology of selected hormones.
* Endocrinologies are medicine.
* Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
* Review the complete anatomy, histology and embryology of the endocrine glands.
* also involves study of the diseases of the endocrine system.
* deals with the role of hormones in regulating bodily functions.
* involves caring for the person as well as the disease.
- study of the endocrine glands which produce hormones
* is the scientific discipline that studies hormones and the endocrine system
- study of organs that produce hormones involved in fertility and reproduction
* is the study of the endocrine organs
- system in the human body
* provides the basic information on which much of pharmacology is based. | {
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} |
### science | medicine:
Epidemiology
* Apply specific criteria in identifying nosocomial infections.
* Link to information sources about infectious diseases and related fields.
* branch of medical research that is increasingly in the public eye.
* can help identify causes as well as guide prevention efforts.
* deals with the distribution and determinants of disease in populations.
* focuses on human groups, individuals and ecosystems.
* has a vital role to play in defining heath care priorities.
* investigates diseases as a way to reduce mortality and morbidity.
* involves the association of diseases to risk factors and human exposures.
* is about information.
* is an approach to study of diseases such as cancer
- objective, scientific method of problem solving based on quantitative analysis
* is based in science and a dose of practical common sense
- on observations of human health and air pollution
- integral to medical research
* is one of the basic sciences of public health and preventive medicine
- cornerstones of public health
- fields that applies such tools extensively
- started and continued throughout the process of the course of the disease
- still in an embryonic stage
- the basic science of public health
* is the foundation of public health policy and practice
- on which all preventative medicine is based
* is the science of identifying trends and patterns in the occurrence of health problems
- that studies how diseases occur in a community
- which studies the determinants of health and disease
- scientific discipline concerned with the causes and prevention of human disease
- study of determinants of health in a population
* is the study of disease and disease patterns in populations
- incidence in defined populations
- rates and patterns
* is the study of diseases in large populations
- health problems among specific populations
* is the study of how diseases spread across human populations
- infectious diseases move through populations
- often diseases occur in different groups of people and why
* is the study of patterns in disease
- of disease in the population
- populations to seek the causes of health and disease
* is the study of the cause and distribution of disease in a population
* is the study of the distribution and causes of disease in populations
- and prevalence of communicable disease in populations
- of disease and health in human populations
* is the study of the factors that cause a disease to be present or absent
- that cause or encourage diseases
* is the study of the frequency and distribution of disease in human populations
- and distribution of diseases within human populations
- health status of populations
* is the study of the occurrence of a disease and the factors that influence it
- of disease in a human population
- of human diseases
- of infections or disease in a population
- patterns, causes and prevention of human diseases
- what makes people sick
- who gets cancer and why
- systematic method of identifying hazards and quantifying the magnitude of risk
- thus the science of public health
- useful only in studying high disease rates or rare diseases, and preferably both
- very useful for suggesting possible links between cause and effect
* key factor for right strategy in diseases s prevention.
* looks at patterns of disease, diabilities, and mortalities in communitites and nations
- sickness on a population scale
* plays a greater role in risk assessment
- role in health scares and toxic torts
* provides a unique way of viewing and investigating disease and injury.
* quantitative science.
* rather crude science of counting and estimation.
* refers to the frequency and distribution of disease.
* shows some potential causes of cancer.
* slow, often painful process, full of false starts and dead ends.
* still remains the best available tool for identification of risk factors.
* studies the cause and control of epidemics.
* tries to link a chemical exposure to some observed ill.
* varies with cause.
* very complex science.
+ Disease, Epidemiology:
* Epidemiology is the study of the cause of disease. Some diseases are more popular for people with common characteristics - like similar origins, sociological background, diet or nationality. | {
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} |
### science | medicine | epidemiology:
Clinical epidemiology
* evaluates factors that are related to variation in the outcomes of illness.
* is the application of epidemiological methods to clinical decision making
- study of the nature of health-related states in patients with disease
* relatively new concept for sleep medicine.
Molecular epidemiology
* applies the techniques of molecular biology to epidemiologic studies.
* improves precision in analytical studies.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Expectorant
* Drink lots of fluids.
* Most expectorants increase secretions through reflex irritation of the bronchial mucosa.
* also liquify thick mucous by increasing the amount of fresh respiratory secretions.
* are a logical part of therapy for a variety of respiratory tract conditions
- cough medicine
- especially important to take if a person is or needs to cough up mucus
- medication
* generally contain ingredients that thin mucus secretions called mucolytics.
* help loosen and expel mucus secretions from the airways.
* help loosen mucus in the lungs so it can be coughed up and expelled
- throat and make coughing more productive
* help thin airway mucus, making it easier to clear the mucus by coughing
- mucus so it can be coughed up more easily
* is medicine
* loosen up phlegm and make it easier to cough up.
* trigger the cough reflex to help get mucus up out of the throat and chest.
* usually contain guaifenesin and are supposed to help loosen mucus.
* work best when taken with plenty of water.
Folk medicine
* advises cranberry juice for urinary infections and kidney stones.
* has long touted ginger as an effective aid to proper digestion.
* is considered by many to be less harmful than chemical medication.
Functional medicine
* complement and extension to traditional pathology based medicine.
* provides the foundation for understanding and using bioenergetics.
Gastroenterology
* Gastroenterologies are medicine.
* contains information directly pertinent to the specialty of gastroenterology.
* is an intricate mixture of psychiatry, medicine, and surgery
- the branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the digestive system<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Gemfibrozil
* belongs to a class of drugs called fibrates.
* can also cause gastrointestinal disturbances.
* drug used to lower cholesterol and triglycerides in people with high cholesterol.
* fibric acid antilipemic agent similar to clofibrate.
* is indicated primarily when triglycerides are elevated
- only part of a total cholesterol-lowering program
- related to clofibrate, which has been associated with gallbladder disease
- the drug of choice for therapy
* potentiates the action of coumarin and indanedione anticoagulants.
* white solid which is stable under ordinary conditions.
Geriatric medicine
* discipline that focuses on the medical care of the elderly.
* has to date focused on dealing with chronic and acute conditions in the elderly.
* is especially important given the phenomenon of aging populations.
Gynecology
* Gynecologies are medicine.
* involves examination, diagnosis and treatment of women's health related problems.
* is medicine
* refers to the care and treatment of the female reproductive system.
Hematology
* Hematologies are medicine.
* helps diagnose disorders of blood and blood clotting systems.
* includes the studies of blood, blood forming tissues, and coagulation phenomena.
- the scientific study of blood and blood-forming tissues
* is the study of blood cells and blood coagulation, which relate to hematopathology
Heparin
* are blood thinner
- drugs
- sugar
* preserves nitric oxide activity in coronary endothelium during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
* works by direct effect on the coagulation cascade and provides good anticoagulation
- immediately and stops working quickly after being stopped | {
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### science | medicine:
Herbal medicine
* Many herbal medicines can provide relief from migraine headache.
* Most herbal medicines are fairly safe, and produce few side effects
- the based of green leaves, which contain many natural, health ingredients
- used by practitioners are in the form of liquid concentrated extracts
* abounds with great substitutes for store-bought toothpaste.
* are like mild drugs and help mild symptoms of some health conditions
- simply plants used as medicines
- slow to act
* can be a valuable source of assistance for traditional medicine
- beneficial to some individuals
- interact with other substances
- make claims about effects on structure or function of the body
* come in several forms
- various forms
- out of a folk tradition
* contain pharmacologically active chemical ingredients, in other words drugs.
* contains one of the largest bodies of knowledge and literature in existence.
* dates back many centuries.
* dont have to meet any standards of effectiveness or safety.
* fits all the criteria of the scientific method.
* has a broad range of uses
- an impressive track record in treating migraines and chronic headaches
- most to offer when used to facilitate healing in chronic ongoing problems
- much to offer women in the treatment of symptoms associated with menopause
* have the added advantage of less government regulation than traditional medicines.
* is alternative medicine
- an ancient mainstay of traditional Chinese practice
- as ancient as the rain forests and as current as today's headlines
- just that, using parts of plants to help provide relief and improve one's health
- never the total answer to health problems
- often times employed to dry the damp and clear the heat
- one of the oldest forms of medicine known
- simply gentler and safer than chemical medicine
- taken three times a day for seven days a week during that time
- the mainstay of traditional Chinese medicine
* is the most ancient form of health care known to humankind
- health care known to man
- common form of alternative treatment
* is the oldest form of healthcare known to mankind
- medical treatment throughout the world
- known form of medicine
- use of herbs to promote improved health and well-being
* is the use of plants for medicinal purposes
- medicine without chemical processing
- wave of the future
* offer a gentle, effective and safe alternative medical approach.
* safe and effective method of treatment using only plant material.
* wellknown cure for an immense variety of disease for thousands of years.
* work a lot like conventional drugs.
* works to aid the body by giving it the extra push it needs to fight a disease.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Holistic medicine
* attempts to address disease through a series of analytic observations.
* emphasizes self-care and personal responsibility for wellness.
* encompasses all safe and appropriate modalities of diagnosis and treatment.
* focuses upon patient education and participation in the healing process.
* form of non-traditional western healing.
* is medical aid
- safe and highly effective as a means to address premature aging and disease
* is the best medicine for humans or animals
- treatment for cancer at the individual level
* is the natural way to keep horses healthy
- pets healthy
- perspective of looking at the whole individual
* means different things to different people.
* method of treating the whole person in prevention, wellness and healing.
* relies on therapies outside the mainstream of medicine.
* takes into consideration the mind, body and spirit. | {
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} |
### science | medicine:
Homeopathic medicine
* Many homeopathic medicines are available in natural food stores.
* acts at quantum levels.
* are able to stimulate the defence system and thereby stimulate a cure
- among the safest preparations known to medical science
* are completely safe with no unwanted side effects and are non-addictive
- side effects and they are non-addictive
- different from herbal products
- highly effective and can often relieve symptoms in a matter of hours
- natural, safe, and non-habit forming products
- remarkably free of side effects of any kind
- very inexpensive
* claim to improve one's immunity.
* complete and holistic system of medicine.
* function as antitoxins.
* have wide applications for pediatric complaints.
* is based on the principle of similars
- considered an unconventional form of veterinary practice
- particularly beneficial for little children
- practiced worldwide, especially in Europe, Latin America, and Asia
* seem to stimulate the body's natural ability to heal itself.
* stimulates the defense systems, allowing the body to heal itself.
* utilizes plants, minerals, and animals.
* work without contraindications or side effects.
Human medicine
* has a long history of over-using antibiotics.
* states that, yes, behavior abnormalities in children can be related to diet.
Hydromorphone
* depresses respiration minimally.
* is medicine
Hydroxychloroquine
* are drugs.
* is effective therapy for control of cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas
- less toxic and lower doses are safer
Immunosuppressant
* All immunosuppressants have side effects and potential complications.
* are medications that keep the immune system from attacking the new liver
- readily available by prescription
* block the immune system's natural reaction to reject new, transplanted tissue.
* is medicine
* slow down the white blood cells and interfere with the rejection process.
Immunosuppressive drug
* All immunosuppressive drugs have side effects.
* are expensive
- necessary in allogeneic transplants
- one form of adjuvant therapy
* can lower resistance to infection.
* help suppress the production of abnormal antibodies.
* reduce the production of antibodies which cause inflammation. | {
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} |
### science | medicine:
Inhalant
* All inhalants can be toxic.
* Increase young people's knowledge of the harm of using inhalants.
* Many inhalants have a strong smell
- produce effects that are very similar to anesthetics causing sedation
* Most inhalants are 'depressants'
- commercial products composed of a variety of chemicals
- common products found right in the home
- common, every day household products
- everyday products
- extremely toxic to the body's organs
* Some inhalants dissolve the protective myelin sheath, resulting in cell death.
* affect other body organs and systems
- the nervous system
* also are highly toxic to other organs
- one of the few substances abused more by younger children than by older ones
- can interfere with the normal heart rhythm and lead to cardiac arrest
- serve as gateway drugs that can lead young people toward other forms of drug abuse
- slow down the body's reactions and distort the thinking process
* are a big problem with youth at risk found in drug education playing and trading cards
- bigger threat than other gateway drugs
- cheap and easy way to get high
- rising problem in various States
- stepping stone to other drugs
- about the only drugs that are used more by younger teens than by older ones
- all man made chemicals used in vapor form
- also legal and easy to conceal
- among the most dangerous substances kids abuse today
- an equal opportunity form of substance abuse
- any substance that produce intoxication when intentionally inhaled
- breathable chemical vapors that produce mind-altering effects
* are breathable chemicals that cause mind-altering or psychoactive effects
- produce mind-altering vapors
- vapors that contain chemicals that produce a high when breathed in
- cheap substitutes for marijuana and alcohol continue to pop up on college campuses
* are cheap, act quickly upon the nervous system, and are easy to obtain
- legal, and easily accessible products that can be misused to get high
- common household products that children sniff to get high
- common, legal and extremely toxic products that are misused to get high
- deadly
- depressants which, like their relatives, the anesthetic gases, initially stimulate
- easier to get than anything else
- everywhere
- extremely toxic and can damage the heart, kidneys, lungs, and brain
- just as popular among middle school students as marijuana
- legal, everyday products which have a useful purpose, but can be misused
* are more common sources of allergy symptoms
- dangerous to the user than most other illegal drugs
- likely to cause death from first use than any illicit drug
- psychologically addictive
- often among the first drugs that young children use
* are one of the few substances abused more by younger children than by older ones
- most dangerous drugs
- physically and psychologically addicting and users suffer withdrawal symptoms
- poison
- popular drugs for users seeking quick delirium, disorientation and intoxication
* are substances whose vapors can be inhaled to produce a mind-altering effect
- cause an intoxicating effect when inhaled
- the most damaging of abuse substances
* are the third most widely abused drug
- used substance
* can also cause brain damage
- death by suffocation when fumes replace oxygen in the lungs
- depress the central nervous system so much that breath slows down until it stops
- seriously damage the heart, liver, kidneys, and bone marrow
* can be dangerous and cause death from heart or respiratory failure
- very dangerous, both in their immediate effects and their long-term consequences
* can cause death from suffocation by replacing oxygen in the lungs
- sudden death
- kill or cause brain damage, even to first-time users
- make people feel sick and have diarrhoea
* can produce both physical and psychological dependence
- psychological dependence and physical addiction
- reduce muscle tone and strength
* cause the user to have intense headaches and muscle spasms.
* damage the brain, liver and lungs and can cause sudden death
- myelin and destroy it
* decrease oxygen to the brain and can cause brain damage.
* dissolve the myelin sheath that surrounds the brain cells, resulting in cell death.
* fall into the categories of solvents or gases , of which nitrites are a subcategory.
* have similar effects to other depressant drugs such as alcohol and cannabis.
* interact with brain cells to slow electrical conduction, which causes intoxication.
* often are among the first drugs that young children use.
* pose a major risk to many teen boys because they're so cheap and easy to get.
* rank fourth in popularity behind alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among young people.
* reduce the user's inhibitions and can cause laughter and mild excitement or even euphoria.
* rob the brain of oxygen, reducing nerve cell activity and killing some cells.
* sensitize the myocardium to the effects of epinephrine.
* slow down the body's function
- functions and can lead to damage to the brain and nervous system
* starve the body of oxygen and can cause severe brain damage and even sudden death
- brain for oxygen or cause the heart to beat more rapidly and erratically
* usually trigger an alcohol-like stupor, with euphoria, hallucinations, and delusions. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Inhaled medicine
* are a common way of relieving symptoms.
* has the fewest side effects.
Integrative medicine
* is the term that best describes our approach
- wave of the future
* recognizes the crucial role that emotions play in the healing process.
* seeks balance.
* synthesis of complementary therapies and mainstream cancer care.
Internal medicine
* Most internal medicine includes specialties.
* emphasizes equine medicine, food animal medicine, and neonatology.
* has distinct and important differences between dogs and cats.
- the diagnosis and treatment of diseases as they affect animals
* is medicine.
* is the largest medical specialty
- specialty of medicine that focuses on medical problems of adult patients
* provides compassionate and effective care for adults of all ages.
Isoproterenol
* decreases leptin expression in adipose tissue of obese humans.
* increases heart rate and acts as a vaso- and bronchodilator
- peripheral and descreases inner in single airway smooth muscle cells
* is an effective marker of intravenous injection in laboring women
* works at sites in the airways to relax the muscle and improve oxygen delivery.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Laxative
* All laxatives do is reduce fluid levels within the body by inducing severe diarrhea.
* Many laxatives sold as stool softeners actually are fiber supplements.
* Most laxatives do their thing by increasing the amount water drawn into the bowel or stool.
* Some laxatives are safer than others
- have magnesium
- stimulate the action of muscles lining the large intestine
- taste better if they are mixed with orange juice, chocolate milk or other drinks
* act to produce a stool or to make passing a stool more comfortable.
* actually cause rebound fluid retention making people feel bloated.
* also cause cramping and can cause electrolyte imbalances if used chronically.
* are a known quantity
- actually a very poor tool for weight control
- drugs, with their own potential side effects, and they can be addictive
- for stimulation of the bowel and for excreting more mucous material
- harmful to the colon and are habit-forming
- one the most common over the counter products sold
- the method of colon cleansing that is most popularly used today
- usually milder and cause the elimination of formed feces
- very common
* can also affect how other medications work
- be highly poisonous to dogs
- be habit-forming and harmful to the intestines
- become habit-forming
- improve sow bowel movements and subsequent lactation feed intake
* cause cancer
- fluid loss through the intestines
- gripey abdominal pains if used in large doses
* commonly used are liquid parafin and lactulose.
* have a minimum effect on caloric absorption, which takes place in the small intestine.
* increase the amount of liquid retained in the feces and act as a lubricant.
* irritate the colon to make it expel debris from the bowel.
* lose their effectiveness if they are used for prolonged periods.
* make it easier to have a bowel movement.
* operate by different mechanisms.
* remove lots of water from the colon as well as food residue.
* simply cause dehydration and loss of important vitamins, minerals and electrolytes.
* taken by mouth are available in liquid, tablet, gum, powder, and granule forms.
* work by artificially stimulating the bowel. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | laxative:
Laxative abuse
* can also be a warning sign that a loved is suffering from an eating disorder
- be medically dangerous
- cause bloating, abdominal cramps, and can damage the colon
- create a dependence and result in an inability to have normal bowel movements
* can damage the colon and slow the intestinal tract
- lining of the colon
- have serious effects
* can lead to irritable bowel disease or create an addiction to laxatives
- irritation of the colon, and diuretic abuse can cause kidney problems
- long lasting disruptions of normal bowel functioning
- severe bouts of diarrhea and constipation
* is the most common cause of factitious diarrhea.
Phenolphthalein
* Decreases vitamin-D absorption.
* changes to red in an alkaline solution.
* is chemical compounds
- phenols
* turns pink in the presence of base and clear in the presence of acid.
Saline laxative
* act like a sponge to draw water into the colon for easier passage of stool.
* are effective but more likely to pass into the milk.
Mainstream medicine
* creates a certain condition under which healing becomes possible again.
* is practised within a specific paradigm.
* maintains that migraines are a neurological phenomenon involving the brain.
* uses all sorts of treatments which originally come from herbal remedies.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Metformin
* are drugs
* decreases gluconeogenesis and increases insulin sensitivity.
* improves glucose intolerance without stimulating insulin release or causing hypoglycemia.
* increases insulin-stimulated transport of glucose from the blood into the body's cells
- sensitivity to insulin
- the sensitivity of liver and muscle to insulin
* is medicine
- sometimes helpful with diabetes and fat accumulation
* prevents sucrose-induced insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy.
* reduces glucose production in the liver and increases glucose sensitivity
- hepatic glucose production and increases glucose utilisation by cells
* regulates the hexose transport system in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
* works by sensitizing cells to the effect of the insulin already made by the body.
Methenamine
* destroys some germs.
* is medicine
Metronidazole
* are drugs
* does cause cancer in rodent studies.
* often causes nausea , vomiting , and diarrhea.
* produces dark colored urine.
### science | medicine | midwifery:
Perinatology
* is midwifery
* subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Modern medicine
* Some modern medicines work on the slow release principle.
* accepts only scientifically proven conclusions demonstrable at the molecular level.
* can cure most of mankind's illnesses today, excepting a few such as cancer or Aids
- only do so much to return injured people to their pre-injury condition
- reattach a lot of body parts
- successfully treat pain
* continues to bring a revolution of hope and dignity into countless lives.
* creates a moral dilemma by allowing individuals to live to reproductive age.
* describes similar phenomena, only in modern terms.
* does emphasize the genetic links which affect our daily health.
* excises the physical cells.
* explains heightened pain sensitivity through several interesting theories.
* feels that the possibility of cure depends upon the certainty of diagnosis.
* has a number of drugs that kill parasites
- pagan origin and can become idolatry
- great value for severe trauma and certain infections
- methods to help infertiles
- myriad choices for diagnosing problems from broken bones to brain tumors
- no unified system for treating the whole body
- such a high degree of dependence on technology
- the ability to control pain
* has, so far, come up with medications that treat only the symptoms of the disease.
* health care system based on classical physics.
* involves other decision-making entities such as hospitals and HMOs.
* is aware that circumcision is of minimal hygienic importance.
* is based on a surgical and pharmaceutical approach to healing
- science and the scientific process
- the scientific method
- built on the irrefutable benefits of animal research
- just as pragmatic as ancient medicine
- mostly just a business to cure people of the diseases of modern civilisation
- only one hundred and fifty years old
* owes a lot to plant extracts.
* recognizes that yeast does exist naturally in the body.
* relies on a variety of technological tools and clinical analyses.
* save money as well as lives.
* stresses the importance of attending to small problems before they become big ones.
* tends to be based on the notion of the body as a machine, to be repaired by doctors.
* treats the symptoms rather than the cause of an illness.
* uses cannabis in glaucoma and alleviating the pains of cancer and chemotherapy
- many of the old cures
* works miracles by helping people lead longer, more full lives.
Nabumetone
* are drugs.
* can increase the effect of anti-coagulants.
* is also much more expensive than generic naproxen
- used to treat arthritis
Naproxen
* are analgesic
* is medicine
* works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, specifically the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme
- reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body
Natural medicine
* are safe and effective in reversing high blood pressure.
* can provide an important adjunct to conventional treatments.
* emphasizes the importance of ample water for kidney health.
* has a lot to offer in the treatment of both kinds of arthritis
- the answer for many allergy sufferers
* is less toxic and has a medical basis.
* views each individual as an integral whole.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Naturopathic medicine
* agrees that bacteria are overgrowing.
* complete and co-ordinated approach to health care.
* comprehensive approach to improving health and treating illness.
* is effective in treating most health problems, whether acute or chronic
- on the leading edge of the paradigm shift occuring in healthcare
- science based natural medicine
* provides the right balance of science and natural wisdom.
* reflects the bridging of modern science with centuries old healing methods.
* relies upon a partnership between the patient and the physician.
* uses several methods that vary in how effective they are.
* views the individual as an integral whole. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Nephrology
* Has a large list of nephrology sites.
* Nephrologies are medicine.
* focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of the kidney.
* is the branch of medicine concerned with the kidney
- diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of kidney disease
* is the medical specialty concerned with the kidneys
- subspecialty concerned with kidneys
- speciality that deals with kidney function and disease
- specialty of kidney disease, hypertension, body fluids and electrolytes<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Nifedipine
* appears to enhance the absorption of metformin.
* are drugs.
* belongs to a group of medicines called calcium-channel blockers.
* blocks certain channels in blood vessels that cause relaxation.
* calcium channel blocker used to block the contraction of smooth muscle
* decreases peripheral resistance and can worsen hypotension.
* drug that helps to open up the blood vessels in the lungs.
* is contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular shock
- in a class of drugs called calcium channel blockers
- such a drug
- the prototype of the dihydropyridine class of calcium-channel antagonists
* is used in cardiac patients and calcium channel blocker which can cause hepatitis
- intravenously as well as orally in children
- useful in treating myotonia unresponsive to other drugs
* passes into breast milk.
* peripheral arterial vasodilator which acts directly on vascular smooth muscle.
* yellow crystalline substance, practically insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Nuclear medicine
* addresses the body's physiological processes rather than the anatomical structure.
* constantly and rapidly changing discipline.
* has a complex and multifaceted heritage.
* is all about how something functions
- an integral part of patient care and saves countless lives annually
- more concerned with how things work, than what they look like
* is one of the diagnostic imaging modalities
- fastest growing fields in modern medicine
- most modern specialties
* medical specialty used to image the body and treat disease
- which is used to image the body and treat disease
* rapidly growing health care area.
* use very small amounts of radioactive material.
* uses an isotope to see where there are diseased areas
- radiation for the treatment of illnesses
- radioactive substances to image the body and treat disease
* utilizes gamma rays from radioisotopes for diagnostic imaging
- radiopharmaceuticals to perform procedures in support of patient care
+ Radioactive contamination, Causes: Physics
* Nuclear medicine uses radiation for the treatment of illnesses. Sometimes, there are accidents.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Oncology
* Oncologies are medicine.
* is an evolving, changing, research-oriented discipline
- just one of many areas where medical images are playing and increasingly important role
- one of the fastest growing subspecialty areas of the physician assistant profession
* is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of tumors
- fastest growing therapeutic area in the pharmaceutical industry
* is the study of cancer and tumors
- as performed by oncologists
* means the study of tumors.
### science | medicine | oncology:
Radiation oncology
* involves the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of patients with cancer.
* is standardized throughout the world
- the medical specialty concerned with prescribing radiation ,
* is the treatment of cancer patients with radiation
- with high energy photon and electron beams
* very comprehensive specialty that overlaps with many disciplines. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Ophthalmology
* Ophthalmologies are medicine.
* also utilizes advanced laser and microscopic instruments and surgery.
* contains information directly pertinent to the specialty of ophthalmology.
* has one of the larger web coverages in public medicine.
* is devoted to the medical and surgical treatment of eye diseases
* is the branch of medicine concerned with the eye
- most needed medical speciality in Samoa
* is the study of the eye, and the diagnosis and treatment of disorders that affect it
- to do with the eye and eye diseases such as cataracts
* particular field in medicine.
* very rapidly developing speciality.
Oral medicine
* are easy to take and usually cost less than other kinds of medicine.
* brand new dental specialty.
* can irritate the stomach and make vomiting worse.
* come in pill, capsule, and liquid forms.
* is used instead of a insulin injection.
Organized medicine
* has an important, long-term role to keep alive issues such as patient protection.
* provides the voice for physicians who recognize the importance of quality care.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Oriental medicine
* approaches health in a complete way.
* body of knowledge and techniques related by a common theoretical base.
* four-year masters level program.
* healing philosophy that is complementary to naturopathic medicine.
* is an effective, low-cost medical treatment that works in harmony with the body
- based on a different premise than modern medicine
- today the most widely utilised healing system in the world
* provides a few other fixes for relief of constipation.
* traditional medicine that is based upon Oriental philosophy.
* uses a multidimensional approach in treating arthritis.
* viable alternative - particularly when dealing with chronic illness.
* views the body and mind as a unique and integrated system.
Osteopathic medicine
* comprehensive approach to health and disease.
* different branch of medicine.
* is one of two distinct branches of medical practice in the United States.
* is the fastest growing health profession in America
- medicine of the future that is available today
- second type of medicine
* relatively young, small profession.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine | otology:
Audiology
* discipline closely related to speech-language pathology.
* healthy profession.
* is also an occupational field
- concerned with the evaluation and rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments
- much like optometry
- otology
* is the professional specialisation dealing with deafness and hearing loss
- study of normal and defective hearing
* is the study of the ear and hearing it provides hearing health care to the community
- perception of sound
Pain medicine
* Many pain medicines are available over the counter, without a prescription.
* Some pain medicine can also cause sleepiness
- medicines have side effects
* can also cause side effects such as constipation, drowsiness, and nausea
- be dangerous and can often interfere with breathing
* help the child to feel more comfortable.
* work best when there constant level in the body.
Pediatric medicine
* Most pediatric medicines are also artificially colored and flavored.
* is medicine
### science | medicine | pedology:
Neonatology
* constantly changing specialty dealing with newborn infants in crisis.
* deals with the medical problems of newborns and includes fetal treatments.
* is the care of critically ill and premature infants.
* works with newborn babies.
Penicillamine
* are drugs.
* is also effective in copper poisoning
- the drug of choice
Personalize medicine
* has benefits
- health benefits
* has significant benefits | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine | pharmaceutic:
Radiopharmaceutical
* are agents used to diagnose certain medical problems or treat certain diseases
- pharmaceuticals
* are substances that are attached to specific organs, bones or tissues
- attracted to specific organs, bones, or tissues
* can target particular organs.
* have a chemical attraction to specific cancers.
* often provoke hypersensitive reactions in patients when injected.
Thrombolytic agent
* All thrombolytic agents act systemically, increasing the risk of bleeding.
* are medicine.
* convert plasminogen to plasmin to induce clot breakup.
* increase the risk of hemorrhage.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Pharmaceutical
* All pharmaceuticals are toxic to the human body.
* Many pharmaceuticals are highly toxic
- have the potential of becoming contaminated by microorganisms during use
* add value to health care, helping patients at every stage of life.
* are a multi-billion dollar global industry.
* are also a global industry
- important
- drugs
- lifesavers
- often a place where people hide when the markets are nasty
- one of the most regulated industries around
- only a short time anethema and all cancers metamorphose against all the drugs
- pharmaceutical companies
- the single fastest growing cost area in health care
- undeniably effective, and often life-saving
* can help control hyperactivity
- significantly transform the lives of people and increase their productivity
* is medicine
- the most research intensive segment of the chemical industry
* provide the easiest and the least-costly form of medical treatment.
* rank as the nation s number one industry in return on equity and return on assets
- second only to meat itself in the important contributions hogs make to society
* taken by humans and animals can end up in waterways.
* treat symptoms.
### science | medicine | pharmaceutical:
Pharmaceutical research
* blends human creativity with technological innovation.
* includes the synthesis of compounds of potential value to medicine.
* is hampered because pharmacies are owned by private companies.
* leans more toward chemical rather than traditional medicinal preparations.
Phenazopyridine
* causes the urine to turn reddish orange.
* turns the urine a bright orange color.
Piperazine
* are amine
- chemical compounds
* does have a wide margin of safety.
* is an older compound that is little used now except in persistent infections
- the most commonly used drug for the treatment of ascarides
- used as prevention and cure
* paralyzes the roundworm which is then passed, alive, out of the body with the feces.
* works by paralyzing the worms.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Podiatry
* Podiatries are medicine.
* is medicine
- specialist health care concerned with the feet and lower limbs
* is the care and treatment of the human foot in health and disease
- diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the lower leg and foot
- health care profession that assesses and treats foot ailments
- profession that deals with conditions affecting the human foot
* registered and regulated health profession.
* surgical specialty and involves very little strictly medical practice. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Prescription drug
* All prescription drugs have generic names, and all states encourage generic substitutions.
* Many prescription drugs affect the body's ability to regulate and detect hot temperatures.
* Many prescription drugs are available to treat giardiasis
- extremely expensive
- can trigger depression and disrupt sleep and mental functions
- create nutrient deficiencies
- have adverse effects on a motorcyclist's riding skills
- interfere with the body's ability to endure heat
* Most prescription drugs lack information about proper use in children.
* Some prescription drugs are acid-forming and contribute to bone loss.
* Some prescription drugs can actually cause dysphagia, as well
- also affect teeth colour
* Some prescription drugs can cause depression
- itchiness
- harm an unborn baby
- have harmful effects when their use is abruptly stopped
* are a major form of treatment.
* are also a big culprit, especially blood pressure drugs
- available to help prevent and control acne
- widespread
- among the big costs of health care
* are an essential element to health and well-being for many individuals
- expensive component of health care
- integral part of modern medicine
- investment in health
- as a matter of law unavoidably unsafe products
- drugs that can only be obtained with written premission from a doctor
- expensive and continue to become more costly every year
- expensive, even with insurance and government assistance
- for an individual
- often the preferred and sometimes only method of treatment for many diseases
* are one of America's leading causes of disease and death
- the leading causes of death
- powerful controlled substances, yet cause no fear compared to illegal drugs
* are the fastest growing personal expense in health care
- segment of medical expense
* are the fastest-growing advertising category in the developed world
- component of national health expenditures
- medical cost
- fastest-rising cost in the health care budget
* are the most commonly used therapy for heart disease in America
- inflationary component of our health care costs
- to be used in accordance with a physician's directions
* can also dull memory
- be and are being used incorrectly
- cause temporary hair loss for a small number of individuals
- help to prevent osteoporosis
- increase bone loss
- play a role in treating some insomniacs, doctors say
- take a toll on sleep, too
- vastly improve the length and quality of life for seniors
* cause motor weakness and sedation
- temporary hair shedding in a small percentage of people
* continue to be an issue.
* disrupt normal cell function.
* exist that can treat the cravings seen in alcoholics
- with higher potentials for user addiction than marijuana has
* exist, but they are much more expensive than pot.
* have great clinical benefits, but they also have risks.
* help people take care of themselves.
- politically popular
* kill more people each year than automobile and airplane accidents combined.
* play a large part in overall health care costs
- vital role in modern medicine
- an ever-increasing role in modern medicine
* remain a key driver of health care costs.
* require that an animal be seen at a military veterinary clinic within the year.
* take up about one-sixth of all health spending by the elderly.
* used wisely can save lives.
* work rapidly and effectively. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Prescription medicine
* Many prescription medicines are harmful if taken in large amounts
- can harm sperm or otherwise impair sperm production or quality
* Some prescription medicine contains growth hormones
* Some prescription medicine contains human growth hormones
- medicines are available for the treatment of migraine headaches
* Some prescription medicines can cause fainting
- help flu symptoms
* can also cause problems
- help suppress herpes if taken in the first day or two
* give value - medical, social and economic value.
* have directions just for the person whose name is on the label.
* is medicine<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Preventive medicine
* can also help the producer avoid illness and production declines
- save businesses thousands of dollars in direct and indirect costs
* diverse and challenging medical specialty.
* help make the airways swell less.
* involves lifestyle changes using diet and exercise.
* is an important part of one's healthcare
- better than curative medicine
- emphasized as an integral part of routine care
- one of today's fastest growing medical specialties
- the answer to helping to bring about the end of disease
- usually less expensive than treating the disease
* makes the swelling of the airways in the lungs go away.
* requires perspective, living with small risks to prevent major health hazards.
Psychopharmacology
* Psychopharmacologies are pharmacology.
* involves the use of medication to treat disorders.
* is discussed as it relates to drug effects on the neuron
- the new wave of psychiatry
* is the study of drugs that influence mood and behavior
- which affect psychological functioning
Rehabilitation medicine
* branch of medicine that helps improve the condition of disabled people.
* continues to focus on management newly acquired disabilities.
* utilizes a team approach to the treatment of disabilities.
Rheumatology
* Rheumatologies are medicine.
* is another research field
* is the medical specialty that deals with arthritis
- study of arthritis and other problems of bones and joints
* specialty that deals with diseases of the musculoskeletal system.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Rifampin
* is commercially available as capsules and is usually taken once a day
- contraindicated during treatment with all protease inhibitors
- deacetylated to a form that is still active as an antibacterial
- less expensive than rifapentine
- likely to reduce indinavir concentrations by enhancing hepatic metabolism
- taken by mouth twice a day for two days
* is the antibiotic now most commonly used
- of choice
- used primarily for TB and griseofulvin for fungal infections
* potent hepatic enzyme inducer and can accelerate the hepatic metabolism of diazepam.
Rofecoxib
* are drugs.
* is approved in Canada for acute pain in patients with osteoarthritis
- used for treating the pain, swelling, and tenderness caused by osteoarthritis
* white to off- white to light yellow powder
- off-white to light yellow powder
* works by reducing substances that cause inflammation, pain, and fever in the body. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Statin
* All statins are safe and effective for treating high cholesterol.
* also alter the immune system in subtle ways
- contain antioxidants which are known to protect the retina
- help prevent LDLs from reaching the bloodstream
* are a new group of drugs used to bring down cholesterol levels
- also effective for the dyslipidemia of diabetes
- currently the most powerful cholesterol lowering drugs available
- generally safe and well tolerated by most people
- medications that are often prescribed to lower cholesterol
- most effective cholesterol lowering drugs
* are the main type of drug used to reduce cholesterol levels
- major type of medicines used to lower cholesterol levels
- most widely used cholesterol medications
- well known for their cholesterol-lowering abilities
* block the enzymatic pathway for cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
* can also cause liver problems
- cause damage to muscle cells
* directly inhibit that enzyme and reduce the amount of cholesterol that the liver makes.
* have few, mostly mild, documented side effects
- no effect on dietary cholesterol, and presently, diet is the only remedy
- other effects that also help prevent heart disease
* lower the level of LDLs in the bloodstream.
* reduce the production or increase the breakdown of LDLs.
* work by inhibiting a liver enzyme critical to the production of cholesterol
- interfering with the body's ability to make cholesterol
+ Hypercholesterolemia, Medicines to treat hypercholesterolemia: Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system :: Diseases
* Rhabdomyolysis means a disease where muscle cells are damaged and die. Statins can cause damage to muscle cells. This can cause weakness and muscle pain. The worse problem though is that when muscle cells die, they release cell proteins into the blood. The kidney removes the muscle protein from the blood. If the kidney takes up too much protein, it can be hurt. If it is bad enough it can cause kidney failure.
* Statins can also cause liver problems. They can cause mild irritation of the liver. They can rarely cause very bad liver damage. Because of this, when someone starts taking a statin, doctors check liver blood tests after six weeks.
Statin drug
* can even help make atherosclerosis better.
* is medicine
* The HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme causes the body to make more cholesterol. If it is inhibited, the body makes 'less' cholesterol. Statin drugs can even help make atherosclerosis better.
### science | medicine | statin:
Fluvastatin
* are drugs
* is currently the least expensive statin
* is used to lower elevated cholesterol and to slow or prevent hardening of the arteries
- high levels of cholesterol found in the blood
Pravastatin
* are statin.
* is an antilipemic agent indicated for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia
- generally well tolerated
- only part of a total cholesterol-lowering program
* reduces cardiovascular events in older patients after a myocardial infarction.
* works best if taken with food.
Simvastatin
* is statin
* reduces graft vessel disease and mortality after heart transplantation.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Sulfonamide
* are available in varied formulations and treatment schedules
- competitive inhibitors of the incorporation of p -aminobenzoic acid
- less likely to produce crystallurea
- loosely and reversibly bound in varying degrees to serum albumin
- prepared by the reaction of a sulfonyl chloride with ammonia or an amine
- the treatment of choice for nocardiosis
* block the folate synthase by a process of non-competitive inhibition.
* cause hemolysis less commonly.
* help control coccidiosis, and nitrofurans have limited effect on enteritis.
* pass into the breast milk.
+ Sulfonamide (drug), How they are made: Antibiotics | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Sulfonylurea
* are a group of drugs that stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas
- no more injurious to nontarget crops than other commercial herbicides
- oral medications that act primarily by stimulating endogenous insulin secretion
* can cause nausea when consumed with alcohol.
* enhance insulin release.
* exhibit a wide range in crop and weed sensitivities.
* increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas.
* kill germinating seedlings.
* raise insulin levels for several hours.
* remain the most popular group of medications today.
* seem to render the myocardium more susceptible to injury.
* stimulate insulin secretion independent of the blood glucose concentration
- the beta cells in the pancreas to make more insulin
### science | medicine | sulfonylurea:
Tolbutamide
* are drugs
- sulfonylurea
* drug used to treat diabetes.
* is in a class of drugs called sulfonylureas
* reverses hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs.
Suppository
* Suppositories are consumable products
* is medicine
Tetrachloroethylene
* is medicine
* shows only low acute toxicity in humans and in experimental animals.
Therapeutic
* are medicine
- synthentic organics and have a narrow spectrum of activity
* builds on the basic biological, pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences.
* have eradicant activity - they kill the pathogen.
* makes slaves of men and women.
Tibetan medicine
* defines three main systems which control the body's processes.
* holistic method of curing mental and physical diseases.
* is in fact a synthesis of Indian, Chinese and Buddhist schools of medical thought
- one of the oldest medical systems in the world
* science, art and philosophy that provides a holistic approach to health care.
* synthesis of systems based on Indian and ChinesE traditional medicine.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Toxicology
* Toxicologies are pharmacology.
* assesses the probability of hazards caused by such effects.
* broad field that can accommodate many interests.
* combination of biology and chemistry with a wide variety of career opportunities.
* complex and difficult science.
* encompasses the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.
* growing science with many opportunities for basic and applied research.
* highly interdisciplinary field.
* is as old as humanity
- important to protect human and animal health and the environment
- of increasing relevance to modern society
- the basic science of toxins and their adverse effects on living organisms
* is the science of adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms
- poisons and their interactions with living systems
- scientific study of poisons and how they affect living tissue
* is the study of drug effects which are inimical to health
- harmful effects of chemicals on humans and other living organisms
- poisonous or harmful effects of drugs and chemical agents
* is the study of the adverse effects of exposure to chemicals
- health effects of chemicals
- or toxic effects of drugs and other chemical agents
- harmful effects of substances on living systems
- quantitative effect of chemical substance on living systems
- way that toxicants work
- toxic or poisonous substances
- very necessary for the California condors to check for lead poisoning
* takes a scientific approach to the environmental concerns of today and tomorrow.
### science | medicine | toxicology:
Forensic toxicology
* hybrid of analytical chemistry and fundamental toxicological principles.
* refers to the use of toxicology for the purposes of the law. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Traditional medicine
* Most traditional medicine includes meat
- snake meat
- uses techniques
* Some traditional medicine is used by american tribes
- indian tribes
- many american indian tribes
- many tribes
* accepts the limitation and finitude of the human condition.
* are mixed, dosed, and prepared according to individual patient needs.
* benumbs the ability to observe.
* consists of herbal, root and animal remedies and consulting a medicine man.
* has a long history in Vietnam and China
- always been used to treat asthma- fish medicine is one such medicine
* holistic treatment that seeks to heal the body, mind and soul.
* includes herbs, acupuncture, and massage
* is based on the scientific method
- crucial to the region's health care
- extremely popular in Thailand
- practiced by indigenous people
- the accumulation of millennia
* looks to suppress or mask symptoms.
* portrays the cancer victim as one who generally feels, hopeless and helpless.
* relies heavily on the health giving qualities of forest plants.
* takes the entire person into account, both in diagnosis and treatment.
* tends to support a body-mind duality paradigm.
* uses antibiotics but there are far more effective natural approaches
Transfusion medicine
* is an expanding subspecialty that continues to be reshaped and redefined.
* rapidly growing field with many applications.
Travel medicine
* deals with the special health needs of international travelers.
* focuses upon preventing health problems before they occur.
* is the second field of activitiy.
Various medicine
* are effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
* can help relieve an isolated bout of sinusitis.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Veterinary medicine
* contributes daily to critical advances in both animal and human health.
* domain in which acupuncture and homeopathy are practiced.
* great field because it encompasses so many different areas.
* has an important place in food safety.
* involves animal care and research.
* is as scientific as human medicine
- responsible for protecting the health and welfare of both animals and humans
- very similar to human medicine
* noble profession.
* plays a critical role in food safety.
* provides career opportunities equally good for women as for men.
* rapidly advancing scientific field.
* service business.
* significant and special way to work.
* uses the same chemotherapy drugs used in human oncology.
Vibrational medicine
* contain such high-frequency subtle energies.
* looks upon the body as a human energy field.
* recognizes the subtle vibrational patterns of nature, human and plant.<|endoftext|>### science | medicine:
Virology
* Find information about viruses, virology, microbiology and infectious disease.
* Learn about viral morphology and taxonomy.
* Virologies are medicine.
* identifies viruses in specimens of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.
* includes studying both the biology and the epidemiology of viruses.
* is considered to be a subfield of microbiology or of medicine
* is one application of genomics techniques
- of the important fields of molecular biology
+ Medical microbiology, Fields in medical microbiology: Microbiology :: Medicine | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | medicine:
Western medicine
* Many western medicines come from chemical formulas derived from plants.
* achieves effects.
* focuses on controlling symptoms and treating diseases once they manifest.
* increase their effect when the concentration is increased.
* is based around treating rather illness than preventing disease
- better suited to dealing with acute health problems
- grounded in medical research
- now dominant in the People's Republic of China
- the treatment of first choice
* offers no cure for hemorrhoids.
* relies on prescription medicines for the cure.
* says colds are caused by a virus that enters the body through mucus membranes.
* tends to consider only the material aspect of humans
- diagnose and treat as the effect of the disease state it has on the body
- treat most diseases as acute
* uses hormone therapy to prevent bone loss
- bone-loss
- two approaches, drugs or surgery
Metrology
* Metrologies are science.
* forms the basis of all weights and measures work.
* is measurement science
* is the science of measurement and is the backbone of all science
- scientific study of measurement
Modern psychology
* branches out into a variety of therapeutic approaches.
* can thus appear to have continuity with the psychology of the past.
* says that compatibility is the key to matrimonial success.<|endoftext|>### science:
Modern science
* Most modern science owes it origins to magicians
- sciences use calculus
* asserts that the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons.
* believes it knows most major large animals in the world today.
* benefit from contributions.
* chronicle of serendipitous discovery.
* claims to produce value-free, universal knowledge.
* considers mind to be the product of brain activity
- the oceans and oceanic wealth as natural resources
* debunks racial classifications.
* explains the function of acupuncture in the following ways.
* has no explanation for obvious phenomena such as planetary rotation.
* is also interested in origins
- based on the experimental verification of knowledge
- collaborative, and people learn from talking to each other
- often a mystery to non-scientists
- one or two thousand years old at the most
- predicated on duplication of effects and predictability
- still unable to manipulate whole groups of genes
* offers a number of theories.
* recognize types.
* rejects any view that human values arise from the supernatural.
* relies heavily on the same technology that is transforming the rest of the planet.
* reveals that the very basic unit of the body is cell.
* show chemical components
* supports the idea that another realm exists outside of our ability to sense it.
* teaches the close interchangeableness of the senses.
* uses the term causality to imply predictability.
* validates beliefs by observation and tests that are repeatable by anyone
- the knowledge that millions of our cells are being renewed daily
* views the human body, mind, and persona as a dissipative system.<|endoftext|>### science:
Natural science
* deal with matter.
* explains human behavior.
* find their logic in their empirically supported theories.
* is an enterprise committed to discovering physical truth
- based on a philosophy and a method
- considered the best means of understanding man due to the method of reason
- false when it attempts to decide on the meaning of things
* is the process of doubt and resolution
- study of our world
- unable to answer questions of an ethical nature
- used to manipulating objects in experiments
* knows nothing of the relation between behavior and experience.
* seeks to discover the nature of objects without reference to the subject.
* show underlie unity
* uses a form of logic that puts things into classes. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | natural science:
Earth science
* Includes earth features, earth processes, and earth in the universe.
* Most earth science explain phenomena.
* addresses soil conservation, watershed processes, and climatology.
* are a particular case in which the use of Chinese literature was the highest
- natural science
- scientific discipline
* can play a big role in the economic arena, as well.
* describes the properties of the planets, rotation, motion, and size of the Earth.
* explores the nature of earth, sea and sky as it relates to our world's eco-systems.
* helps in locating fossil fuels, such as oil.
* includes the study of geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology.
* is everywhere
- for students who want to study both geology and physical geography
* is the study of land and the features of the Earth
- the Earth's structure, properties, processes, and evolution
- very important in the world today
- vital in education
* plays a unique and essential role in today's rapidly changing world.
* relies heavily on chemistry.
* separate discipline from solar physics or astrophysics.
* younger science.
### science | natural science | earth science:
Oceanography
* encompasses physics, chemistry and geology, as well as biology.
* is an earth science
Palaeontology
* contributes the fourth dimension, time, to essentially biological problems.
* is academic journals
* is the scientific study of fossils and extinct animals before modern humans existed
- study of ancient life<|endoftext|>### science | natural science | earth science:
Paleontology
* Most paleontology is devoted to the study of phyletic evolutionary changes.
* also has new relevance to ethics.
* branch of the biological sciences.
* diverse science.
* has a lot to say about conservation biology.
* historical science.
* incorporates many different kinds of data from different fields.
* investigates the forms of life that existed in prehistoric times.
* involves the integration of a number of different areas of expertise.
* is academic specialty
- among the broadest of sciences
- hard on the muscles
- important in the study of geology
- one of the few sciences where the amateur can make a real contribution
* is the biological part of geology
- most widely used method of learning about dinosaurs
* is the science dealing with the life of past geological periods
- that studies fossils
- which treats fossils as evidence of ancient life
- scientific study of life-forms existing in former geological time periods
- study of ALL fossilized remains
* is the study of all fossilized remains, of which dinosarus are only a small part
- life from bacteria to whales
- life, archeology is the study of human remains and cultures only
* is the study of ancient life
- organisms, their biology, evolution, and ecology
- fossilized animals, plants, and other organisms from prehistoric times
* is the study of fossils to help learn about ancient life
- which are the remains and traces of past living things
- life of the past, the study of fossils
- past plant and animal life from fossil remains
* is the study of prehistoric life based on fossil evidence
* is the study of the fossil record
- fossils of animal and plant life
* is the study of the history of life on Earth as reflected in the fossil record
- traces of ancient life
- thus a limited sort of zoology
- very much a world science
* popular science.
* science that mixes in a whole lot of other sciences and activities
- where the trail has long been cold and the evidence buried
* seeks to map out how living things have changed through time.
* shows a fossil sequence, the list of species representing changes through time. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | natural science | earth science:
Physical geography
* Most physical geographies have climates.
* Physical geographies are geographies
* consists of describing and explaining the natural features of the earth.
* describes all phenomena of land, sea, and air at the surface of the earth.
* focuses on the Earth s physical landscape.
* is about the processes and patterns in the natural environment
* is concerned with resources, such as rocks, climate, vegetation, and soils
- the processes that create natural phenomena
- considered a natural science
- studied as related to the specific civilization
* keeps resurfacing on a daily basis.
* shows how everything connects to everything else.
* studies the dynamics of the earth as the home of people.
Life science
* Some life sciences concentrate on certain kinds of organisms
- focus on a specific type of life
* are natural science.
* discoveries frequently originate in space and impact the medical community.
* elucidate and utilize various functions of living things.
* is the focus of the second year of high school science.
* refers to a swirl of diverse biomedical advances that are beginning to jell.
Natural philosophy
* breaks up into a number of groups, including mental and moral science.
* teaches that the system reacts to the medicine and tries to eliminate it.<|endoftext|>### science | natural science:
Physical science
* concerns itself with one tiny corner of the world, namely the physical universe.
* deal with matter
- theories
* deals with a lot of formulas and word problems.
* demonstrates the impossibility of resurrection according to the common idea.
* include chemistry
- light
* includes physics, chemistry, earth and space sciences other than geography.
* is derived by systematic observations of nature
- divided into two main branches
- one of the most basic of all sciences
* is the study of force, energy, matter and how it exists in space and time
- matter and energy
* pertains to the study of natural phenomena associated with non-living objects.
* provide the very foundation of all study in science and engineering.
* provides a general basic science background in physics and chemistry.
* seek to exclude particulars of time and place from their theories.
* study of basic physics and chemistry without the use of mathematics
- physics and chemistry fundamentals
- the natural physical world | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | natural science:
Physics
* allows an object about as heavy as the sun to be stable in only a very few sizes.
* applies to biology at all levels, from the basics of biosystems to biomedical engineering
- everyday life
* attempts to answer fundamental questions about the nature and origin of our universe
- describe the fundamental nature of the universe and how it works
* begins by considering the simplest phenomena apparent in everyday life
- with measurement
* call it the quantum field.
* concerns itself heavily with the mechanics of events in nature.
* consists of many research fields and each research field has a wide variety of contents.
* contains models that are only approximations of reality.
* continues to be one of the most active an important science.
* deals with concepts such as mass, length, time and energy
- efficient and material causes, metaphysics with formal and final causes
- realms of space from the size of less than a proton to the size of the universe
- terribly complex objects even at the fundamental particle level
* deals with the causes and controls of movement
- combination of matter and energy
- fundamental phenomena of nature, space, time, matter and energy
- laws of nature and matter
- universal and the subatomic, with motion, heat, light, electricity
* defines a uniform straight motion, when the forces on an object are in equilibrium.
* describes it's inner workings.
* dictates that signals degrade over distance.
* encompasses a broad range of concepts, ideas, problems, and solutions
- large body of knowledge that unifies our understanding of nature
* forms a foundation for all the physical and biological sciences.
* forms the basis for all other sciences, including chemistry, biology, geology, oceanography
- most of the natural and applied sciences and technology
* forms the foundation of most of today's rapidly changing technologies
- upon which most other fields of science rest
* helps develop many important characteristics of any great mind.
* is everywhere
- thus the continuous critique of quantitative laws
* lies behind many everyday phenomena.
* lives in the works of the great physicists.
* looks at how nature is made, and how different fields of nature relate to each other.
* models time as real numbers.
* operates by universal laws, biology by whatever works at the time.
* plays a basic role in all science and engineering disciplines
- role in our lives, everyday
* release an electrical charge from.
* relies heavily on mathematics.
* represents humankind's attempt to gain a fundamental understanding of how nature works.
* seeks to explain the natural processes of the physical world
- understand all natural phenomena in terms of fundamental laws
* starts with observation.
* states that like attracts like.
* studies how matter and energy interact.
* teaches that energy sources leave telltale signatures in the form of exhaust or radiation.
* treats the contingent properties of nature.
* tries to get to the roots of all physical phenomena.
* underpins all sciences
- much of modern medicine and biology
+ Natural sciences
+ Physics, What is physics?
* Physics studies very large things, and very small things. For instance, physicists can study stars, planets and galaxies but could also study small pieces of matter, such as atoms and electrons. They may also study sound, light and other waves. As well as that, they could examine energy, heat and radioactivity, and even space and time.
### science | natural science | physics:
Atomic physics
* describe the properties of atoms and their interaction with particles and fields.
* examines the structure, properties, and behavior of the atom.
* reduces to subatomic physics.
* studies the electron shells of atoms
- interaction between electrons and the nucleus of an atom | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | natural science | physics:
Classic physics
* explains most physical interactions , like why a ball bounces when it drops.
+ Schrödinger's cat: Quantum mechanics :: Basic physics ideas
* Classic physics explains most physical interactions, like why a ball bounces when it drops. It can also be used to predict physical interactions, like what will happen when you drop a ball. Quantum mechanics provides a way for physicists to explain why these things happen.
Classical physics
* assumes a continuum whereas quantum physics assumes the universe is discrete.
* includes mechanics, heat, sound, electricity, magnetism, and light.
* is based on the proposition that the answer to the question is yes.
* takes no account of radiation.
Crystallography
* can be a complex and time-consuming effort.
* concerns the form and internal structure of crystals.
* is well integrated in the swiss scenery of science and research.
* provides an accurate way to identify potentially therapeutic compounds.<|endoftext|>### science | natural science | physics:
Experimental physics
* expands, and is expanded by, engineering and technology.
* focuses mainly on an empirical approach.
* requires careful observation and investigation of physical systems.
* wide field full of possible avenues for exploration.
+ Physics, Advanced knowledge, Approaches in physics
* The data in some subfields of physics is amenable to experiment. For example, condensed matter physics and nuclear physics benefit from the ability to perform experiments. Experimental physics focuses mainly on an empirical approach. Sometimes experiments are done to explore nature, and in other cases experiments are performed to produce data to compare with the predictions of theories.
Law of physics
* All laws of physics are restrictions of our free wills.
* Laws of physics require that air flow from from higher pressures toward lower ones.
Mathematical physics
* has much in common with mathematical ecology, for instance.
* is the rigorous mathematical study of structures which occur in physics.
* is the study of mathematical systems that stands for physical phenomena
- nature using advanced mathematics
Modern physics
* considers an electron to be both a particle and a wave.
* consists of relativity and quantum, atomic, nuclear and particle physics.
* has no explanation for particle masses.
* holds that all dynamics are quantum dynamics, even at the cosmological level.
* is the successor to the unnatural physics of Newton.
* refers to the subtle body realm in various ways.
* shows the microcosm as mirror of the macrocosm.
Molecular physics
* examines the structure, properties, and behavior of molecules.
* reduces to atomic physics.
Newtonian physics
* affects every object down to the Atom.
* assumes a direct connection between cause and effect.
* explains the behavior of planets.
* predicts that an oven at a stable constant temperature has infinite energy.
Nuclear physics
* frontier field, with strong links to other branches of physics.
* is built on a theory known as quantum chromodynamics
- concerned with the properties of the atomic nucleus
- the study of the properties and interactions of nuclei and their constituents
* subject of theoretical research.
* unleases the bomb and nuclear energy.
Particle physics
* is perhaps the most fundamental of sciences, but astronomy is the oldest.
* lot like mountain climbing.
* relies heavily on lots of data with good statistics.
Plasma physics
* is an important branch of modern science
- at the root of understanding the ionosphere and magnetosphere
- one of the larger fields in physics
* is the basis of solar-terrestrial physics
- study of high-energy subatomic particles that occur naturally in space
* utilizes classical mechanics, electromagnetic theory and statistical physics. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science | natural science | physics:
Rheology
* Rheologies are physics.
* concerns the way a material deforms and flows.
* is applicable to all materials, from gases to solids
- important because it is applicable to a wide range of materials
- separate from viscosity
* is the leveling ability of a particular product
- science dealing with the deformation and flow of matter
* is the science of deformation and flow of materials
- flow and deformation of materials
- studying the friction between liquids
* is the study of deformation and flow of matter
- how materials flow
* is the study of the flow and deformation of materials
- science of deformation of matter
- used to describe the flow properties of materials<|endoftext|>### science | natural science | physics:
Statistical mechanic
* approach to the study of many particle systems.
* are physics.
* branch of physics that deals with microscopic characteristics of nature.
* bridge between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics.
* defines temperature based on a system's fundamental degrees of freedom.
* describes the engines that drive the earth's weather.
* faces a similar problem when calculating interactions among particles.
* is closely related to thermodynamics.
* is introduced as a link between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics
- in order to relate molecular behavior to macroscopic phenomena
- presented as a bridge to thermodynamics
- the foundation of thermodynamics
* leads to a quantitative relation between gas pressure and atomic properties.
* looks at the microscopic construction of thermodynamic systems.
* permits molecular motion and solvent effects to be incorporated.
* play major roles
* provides a link between the micro and the macro world
- method for dealing with such frustrated systems
* requires a description of the motions of individual atoms and molecules.
Statistical physics
* is the link between the microscopic behavior and thermodynamics.
* provides also a wealth of other models with stochastic dynamics.
Surface physics
* concerns itself with the physical and chemical properties of solid surfaces.
* runs out of surface.
Theoretical physics
* forms the foundation of modern physics.
* is looked upon as man's crowning intellectual achievement.
Nuclear science
* abstracts Nuclear science and engineering.
* are studyings.<|endoftext|>### science:
Numerical analysis
* concerns the fastest and most accurate way to solve numerical problems.
* covers a large interface between computer science and applied mathematics.
* involoves designing and testing computer algorithms which give accurate results.
* involves the study of numerical algorithms for solving mathematical problems.
* is essentially the study of approximations
- of course one of the most important areas of applied mathematics
* is the art of applying theoretical mathematics to scientific problems
- study of the mathematics of the previous century
- what connects continuous mathematics with computers and computing
Nutritional science
* has yet to determine exact amounts of chromium in most foods.
* investigates the metabolic and physiological responses of the body to diet.
Ocean science
* fast-paced, constantly changing, challenging field.
* is still a science of untold discoveries in Earth's last frontier. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
### science:
Philosopher of science
* Philosophers of science ask how scientific knowledge is generated, presented, and validated
- constitute another such group as do children of all ages
- examine the often-hidden assumptions on which scientific theories rest
- recognize , however , that science is impossible without metaphysics
+ Metaphysics, History, Common use: Branches of philosophy :: Reality
* By the 1860s, the term 'science' as having a meaning distinct from 'philosophy' entered the dictionary. Today the term 'metaphysics' usually refers to discussion of aspects of reality which are beyond physics. Particularly among those seeking to be scientific, the term 'metaphysics' can be pejorative to varying degrees. Philosophers of science recognize, however, that science is impossible without metaphysics.
Philosophy of science
* deepens their understanding of the disciplines they study and call on.
* explores the practice and justification of science.
* is the study of the nature of science and scientific reasoning.
Postmodern science
* includes quantum theory, indeterminacy, and chaos.
* sees a changing mix of order and disorder in every complex system.
Psychological science
* can improve diagnostic decisions.
* is science
Pure science
* Most pure science explain phenomena.
* has large number of applications.
Set theory
* can serve as the basis for a specification language without types.
* is science
* occupies a unique position in both mathematics and philosophy.
Social anthropology
* introduces notions of network analysis
- networkanalysis
* is about what people do
- anthropology
- the study of social relationships of groups<|endoftext|>### science:
Social science
* affirms that a woman's place in society marks the level of civilization.
* approaches to understanding clothing and appearance in contemporary U.S. society.
* are interdisciplinary in nature
- scientific discipline
* comes in two forms, which work together.
* confirms the importance of marriage for children.
* deal with interactions between people
- matters concerning societies and their citizens
* focuses on ancient civilizations and world geography.
* highly integrated set of disciplines.
* involves understanding people and the circumstances that they confront.
* is about people s interactions
- also a science or, at least, an aspiring one
* is important in improving the functioning of a modern democracy
- to park management in several ways
* markedly different discourse from physics.
* social enterprise.
* tends to deal with symbolic data rather than numeric one.
### science | social science:
Economic science
* apply to farming and crafts.
* faces the challenge of modeling non-equilibrium evolving markets.
* social science
Political economy
* fails to explain the reason for the division between labour and capital.
* is the corresponding art in relation to state
- union of two fields of study, politics and economics
* proceeds from the fact of private property.
* studies the interplay between the political and the economic.
* study about the way power and authority develop in society. | {
"source": "generics_kb"
} |
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