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https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=M150&home=sumtabM | CHARMED MESONS($\boldsymbol C$ = $\pm1$) ${{\mathit D}^{+}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit c}}$ ${\mathit {\overline{\mathit d}}}$, ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit c}}$ ${\mathit {\overline{\mathit u}}}$, ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ = ${\mathit {\overline{\mathit c}}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit u}}$, ${{\mathit D}^{-}}$ = ${\mathit {\overline{\mathit c}}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit d}}$, similarly for ${{\mathit D}^{*}}$'s INSPIRE search
# ${{\boldsymbol D}_{{2}}^{*}{(2460)}^{\pm}}$ $I(J^P)$ = $1/2(2^{+})$
$\mathit J{}^{P} = 2{}^{+}$ assignment strongly favored (ALBRECHT 1989B).
${{\mathit D}_{{2}}^{*}{(2460)}^{\pm}}$ MASS $2465.4 \pm1.3$ MeV (S = 3.1)
${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit D}_{{2}}^{*}{(2460)}^{\pm}}}–{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit D}_{{2}}^{*}{(2460)}^{0}}}$ $2.4 \pm1.7$ MeV
${{\mathit D}_{{2}}^{*}{(2460)}^{\pm}}$WIDTH $46.7 \pm1.2$ MeV
${{\mathit D}_{{2}}^{*}{(2460)}^{-}}$ modes are charge conjugates of modes below. | 2020-10-26T22:11:19 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.994570791721344, "perplexity": 3330.086914705582}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107892062.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20201026204531-20201026234531-00282.warc.gz"} |
https://www-microboone.fnal.gov/public_plots/index.html | # Index of public plots and other data representations
## MicroBooNE Insignia and Logos (#3004)
The famous 'Blue Swoosh' MicroBooNE insignia. Also available with shadow text removed.
## calibration pulse for poster (#3461)
### calibrationPulse
calibrationPulse.png
calibrationPulse_caption.txt
Image of a 50 microsecond waveform recorded during a calibration test of the MicroBooNE Time Projection Chamber electronics.
## LArTPC Practice Talk on MicroBooNE Cryogenics (#3571)
### Oxygen
Oxygen.png
Oxygen_caption.txt
The concentration of oxygen in the liquid argon is shown here as clean-up commences as part of Phase I of the MicroBooNE cryogenics system.
### Run_000286_00
Run_000286_00.png
Run_000286_00_caption.txt
Oscilloscope traces from the purity monitor appear here from the Phase I operation of the MicroBooNE cryogenics system. The electron drift lifetime can be determined from taking the ratio of the heights of the anode signal to that of the cathode signal.
### Water
Water.png
Water_caption.txt
The concentration of water in the liquid argon is shown here as clean-up commences as part of Phase I of the MicroBooNE cryogenics system.
## Public Plots from the SBN Physics Proposal (#4269)
### BNB_flux_ratio_icarus_uboone
BNB_flux_ratio_icarus_uboone.pdf
BNB_flux_ratio_icarus_uboone_caption.txt
Ratio of the fluxes for each neutrino species between ICARUS and MicroBooNE. These detector locations are clearly in the $\sfrac{1}{r^2} regime with$\sfrac{470^2}{600^2} = 0.61$. ### BNB_flux_uboone BNB_flux_uboone.pdf BNB_flux_uboone_caption.txt The Booster Neutrino Beam flux at MicroBooNE. ### Dirt_ZX_nu_annotated Dirt_ZX_nu_annotated.png Dirt_ZX_nu_annotated_caption.txt Location of interaction vertices for neutrinos which deposit any energy into the MicroBooNE detector shown from above. ### Dirt_ZY_nu_annotated Dirt_ZY_nu_annotated.png Dirt_ZY_nu_annotated_caption.txt Location of interaction vertices for neutrinos which deposit any energy into the MicroBooNE detector shown from the side. ### ND_100m_uB_T600_onaxis_nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_lessCosmics_xsec_0_flux_6_dirt_cos_sensPlot ND_100m_uB_T600_onaxis_nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_lessCosmics_xsec_0_flux_6_dirt_cos_sensPlot.png ND_100m_uB_T600_onaxis_nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_lessCosmics_xsec_0_flux_6_dirt_cos_sensPlot_caption.txt Sensitivity of the SBN Program to$\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e}$oscillation signals. All backgrounds and systematic uncertainties described in the proposal are included. The sensitivity shown corresponds to the event distributions, which includes the topological cuts on cosmic backgrounds and an additional 95% rejection factor coming from an external cosmic tagging system and internal light collection system to reject cosmic rays arriving at the detector in time with the beam. ### Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_470m Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_470m.png Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_470m_caption.txt Beam-related electron neutrino charged-current candidate events in MicroBooNE. Statistical uncertainties only are shown. Data exposures are indicated on the plots and assume inclusion of the full MicroBooNE, 1.32e21 proton on target, data set.$\nu_{e}$events have an assumed reconstruction efficiency of 80\%, and mis-identification from photons is taken at 6\% of events passing a topological cut. The topological cut assumes that photons with more than 50MeV of energy and a displaced vertex more than 3cm away will be reject. ### Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_fullCosmics_470m_globBF Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_fullCosmics_470m_globBF.png Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_fullCosmics_470m_globBF_caption.txt Electron neutrino charged-current candidate distributions in MicroBooNE shown as a function of reconstructed neutrino energy. All backgrounds are shown, only muon proximity and$\sfrac{dE}{dx}$cuts have been used to reject cosmogenic background sources. Oscillation signal events for the best-fit 3+1 oscillation parameters from Kopp et al. (JHEP 1305, 050 (2013), arXiv:1303.3011) are indicated by the white histogram on top in each distribution.$\nu_{e}$events have an assumed reconstruction efficiency of 80\%, and mis-identification from photons is taken at 6\% of events passing a topological cut. The topological cut assumes that photons with more than 50MeV of energy and a displaced vertex more than 3cm away will be reject. ### Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_lessCosmics_470m_globBF Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_lessCosmics_470m_globBF.png Nue_appearance_ecalo2_nu_vePhot0_05_gap3_lessCosmics_470m_globBF_caption.txt Electron neutrino charged-current candidate distributions in MicroBooNE shown as a function of reconstructed neutrino energy. All backgrounds are shown. For cosmicgenically induced events muon proximity,$\sfrac{dE}{dx}$cuts, and a combination of the internal light collection systems and external cosmic tagger systems at each detector are assumed to conservatively identify 95% of the triggers with a cosmic muon in the beam spill time and those events are used to reject events. Oscillation signal events for the best-fit 3+1 oscillation parameters from Kopp et al. (JHEP 1305, 050 (2013), arXiv:1303.3011) are indicated by the white histogram on top in each distribution.$\nu_{e}$events have an assumed reconstruction efficiency of 80\%, and mis-identification from photons is taken at 6\% of events passing a topological cut. The topological cut assumes that photons with more than 50MeV of energy and a displaced vertex more than 3cm away will be reject. ### Nue_sensitivity_compare_program Nue_sensitivity_compare_program.pdf Nue_sensitivity_compare_program_caption.txt Sensitivity comparisons for$\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_e$oscillations including all backgrounds and systematic uncertainties described in the proposal assuming 6.6e20 protons on target in LAr1-ND and the ICARUS-T600 and 13.2e20 protons on target in MicroBooNE. The three curves present the significance of coverage of the LSND 99% allowed region (above) for the three different possible combinations of SBN detectors: LAr1-ND and MicroBooNE only (blue), LAr1-ND and ICARUS only (black), and all three detectors (red). ### Numu_Evt_Dis_470m_1 Numu_Evt_Dis_470m_1.png Numu_Evt_Dis_470m_1_caption.txt Examples of$\nu_{\mu}$disappearance signals in MicroBooNE for$\Delta m^{2} = 1 \text{eV}^2$with 13.2e20 protons on target. ### Numu_Evt_Dis_470m_44 Numu_Evt_Dis_470m_44.png Numu_Evt_Dis_470m_44_caption.txt Examples of$\nu_{\mu}$disappearance signals in MicroBooNE for$\Delta m^{2} = 0.44 \text{eV}^2$with 13.2e20 protons on target. ### Numu_MicroBooNE_TrackLengthCut Numu_MicroBooNE_TrackLengthCut.pdf Numu_MicroBooNE_TrackLengthCut_caption.txt Selected muon neutrino charged-current inclusive candidate events MicroBooNE (center). Final state muon tracks that are fully contained in the TPC volume are required to travel greater than 50 cm. Muons which exit the active detectors are required to travel >1 m before exiting. Statistical uncertainties only are shown. Data exposures are indicated on the plots and assume inclusion of the full MicroBooNE, 1.32e21 proton on target, data set. ### Numu_dis_sensitivity Numu_dis_sensitivity.pdf Numu_dis_sensitivity_caption.txt Sensitivity prediction for the SBN program to$\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{x}$oscillations including all backgrounds and systematic uncertainties described in the proposal. SBN can extend the search for muon neutrino disappearance an order of magnitude beyond the combined analysis of SciBooNE and MiniBooNE. ## General cross section public plots and tables (#4331) ### cFS cFS.eps cFS.png cFS_caption.txt Energy distribution of BNB muon neutrino event rates in MicroBooNE for different event signatures for an 87 ton active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. ### c c.eps c.png c_caption.txt Energy distribution of BNB muon neutrino event rates in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume and 6.6e20 POT. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### ccc ccc.eps ccc.png ccc_caption.txt Energy distribution of BNB muon neutrino CC interaction event rates in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume and 6.6e20 POT. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### cnc cnc.eps cnc.png cnc_caption.txt Energy distribution of BNB muon neutrino NC interaction event rates in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume and 6.6e20 POT. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### cnue cnue.eps cnue.png cnue_caption.txt Energy distribution of BNB electron and antielectron neutrino events in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### cpotFS cpotFS.eps cpotFS.png cpotFS_caption.txt Cumulative event rates of BNB muon neutrinos in MicroBooNE for different event signatures as a function of protons on target for an 87 ton active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. ### cpot cpot.eps cpot.png cpot_caption.txt Cumulative event rates of BNB muon neutrinos in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels as a function of protons on target for an 87 ton active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### cpotcc cpotcc.eps cpotcc.png cpotcc_caption.txt Energy distribution of BNB muon neutrino CC interaction event rates in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### cpotnc cpotnc.eps cpotnc.png cpotnc_caption.txt Energy distribution of BNB muon neutrino NC interaction event rates in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. (Note: the DIS curve is hidden underneath the coherent). Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### cpotnue cpotnue.eps cpotnue.png cpotnue_caption.txt Cumulative event rates of BNB electron and antielectron neutrinos in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels as a function of protons on target for an 87 ton active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### eventrates1e20FS eventrates1e20FS.png eventrates1e20FS_caption.txt Neutrino interactions expected in the MicroBooNE detector for 1e20 POT and 87 tons active volume. Selection efficiencies are not considered. ### eventrates1e20 eventrates1e20.png eventrates1e20_caption.txt Expected event rates of BNB neutrinos in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume and 1e20 POT. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ### eventrates6.6e20 eventrates6.6e20.png eventrates6.6e20_caption.txt Expected event rates of BNB neutrinos in MicroBooNE for different interaction channels for an 87 ton active volume and 1e20 POT. Selection efficiencies are not considered. Separation between RES and DIS channels is based on a cut on the hadronic mass W < 2 GeV (RES) and W > 2 GeV (DIS) rather than GENIE interaction mode. ## Cryostat Cool-Down and Purge Plots (#4411) ### AveCryostatTemp AveCryostatTemp.pdf AveCryostatTemp.png AveCryostatTemp_caption.txt Average temperature of the MicroBooNE cryostat during the cool-down of the gaseous argon. ### O2Purge O2Purge.pdf O2Purge.png O2Purge_caption.txt The oxygen contamination of the gaseous argon while purging air. The sensor for this oxygen concentration was turned on after 10:00 AM April 21, 2015, and it reached its sensitivity limit during the evening of April 23, 2015. ## MicroBooNE First Images (#4658) ### run1147_ev00 run1147_ev00.jpeg run1147_ev00.pdf run1147_ev00.png run1147_ev00_caption.txt First cosmic event from MicroBooNE ### run1147_ev00_full run1147_ev00_full.jpeg run1147_ev00_full.pdf run1147_ev00_full.png run1147_ev00_full_caption.txt First cosmic event from MicroBooNE ### run1147_ev00_full_zoomin run1147_ev00_full_zoomin.jpeg run1147_ev00_full_zoomin.pdf run1147_ev00_full_zoomin.png run1147_ev00_full_zoomin_caption.txt First cosmic event from MicroBooNE ### run1148_ev1016 run1148_ev1016.jpeg run1148_ev1016.pdf run1148_ev1016.png run1148_ev1016_caption.txt First cosmic events from MicroBooNE ### run1148_ev778 run1148_ev778.jpeg run1148_ev778.pdf run1148_ev778.png run1148_ev778_caption.txt First cosmic events from MicroBooNE ### run1149_ev158 run1149_ev158.jpg run1149_ev158.pdf run1149_ev158.png run1149_ev158_caption.txt First cosmic events from MicroBooNE ### run1153_ev10 run1153_ev10.jpg run1153_ev10.pdf run1153_ev10.png run1153_ev10_caption.txt First cosmic events from MicroBooNE ### run1153_ev13 run1153_ev13.jpg run1153_ev13.pdf run1153_ev13.png run1153_ev13_caption.txt First cosmic events from MicroBooNE ### run1153_ev40 run1153_ev40.jpeg run1153_ev40.pdf run1153_ev40.png run1153_ev40_caption.txt First cosmic events from MicroBooNE ## UV laser event display (#4687) ### run1306_ev134 run1306_ev134.png run1306_ev134_caption.txt Caption: Display of the collection view of an event with a UV laser induced track at 58 kV drift voltage. The laser track can be identified by the endpoint on the cathode (larger charge visible at the top of the image) and the absence of charge fluctuations along the track. Additional information: - The charge released at the cathode comes photo-electric effect. - The short track where the laser beam enters the TPC (bottom right in the figure) is from a cosmic muon ## Noise Dependence on Temperature and LAr Fill Level in the uBooNE Time Projection Chamber (#4717) ### fill_vs_time fill_vs_time.png fill_vs_time_caption.txt LAr fill level over the several weeks during which the filling process occurred. LAr level measurements were calculated using the fill-levels recorded on the slow-control monitors. The fill-level measurement is performed by calculating a liquid level based on a pressure measurement. 74.5 cm were subtracted from that measurement to account for the distance between the bottom of the TPC and the bottom of the cryostat. Fill levels are relative to the bottom of the crostat. The shaded grey area marks the tine in which the LAr level fell between the bottom and top of the TPC frame. Each step in this plot marks the approximate time of a fill. ### noise_vs_fill noise_vs_fill.png noise_vs_fill_caption.txt Noise on collection plane wires vs. LAr submersion level of the μBooNE Time Projection Chamber. This plot shows one data point for each fill level at which the liquid-argon level was above the bottom, and below the top of the TPC frame. How was each data-point calculated? Fig. 7 in the Tech-Note (DocDB 4717) shows the runs considered in this analysis grouped by each fill. For each fill-level, a data-point is plotted. For each fill-level, noise measurements from all runs taken at that fill-level are averaged. The averages of these measurements are the data-points plotted on this figure. How was the error-bar calculated? Likewise, for each fill-level the standard deviation of the noise-measurements for all runs at a given fill-level was calculated. Because some fill-levels have very few data-points, the value of the standard-deviation calculated at some fill-levels was very small. Therefore, we decided to take as a measure of the error the largest standard-deviation measured for any fill-level. This corresponds to the one measured for the fill of June 27th. The relative error on the data-point for that fill was calculated, and this error was then applied to all data-points. ENC is measured in number of electrons by taking the ADC noise measured at a 14 mV/fC ASIC gain and multiplying it by [ 1.6E-4 (fC/e-) X 1.935 (ADC/mV) X 14 (mV/fC)]^-1. LAr level measurements were calculated using the fill-levels recorded on the slow-control monitors. The fill-level measurement is performed by calculating a liquid level based on a pressure measurement. 74.5 cm were subtracted from that measurement to account for the distance between the bottom of the TPC and the bottom of the cryostat. ### noise_vs_temp noise_vs_temp.png noise_vs_temp_caption.txt Noise measured on collection plane wires as a function of temperature in the MicroBooNE TPC. Each data point corresponds to the measured noise level for a given run. The times shown are the times at which each run was taken. For each run, a list of channels was selected such that 1) it was a collection plane wire, 2) it had noise values within a certain range. The average and standard deviation of the distribution of RMS noise values for channels passing the cut was calculated. Data points represent the average RMS, and error-bars show the standard deviation of these distributions. Error bars are meant to show how the change in temperature affects noise levels compared to the intrinsic variability of noise in the detector due to channel-to-channel gain variations. ENC values are measured in number of electrons by taking the ADC noise measured at a 14 mV/fC ASIC gain and multiplying it by [ 1.6E-4 (fC/e-) X 1.935 (ADC/mV) X 14 (mV/fC)]^-1. Noise values drop with the gasseous argon temperature. This is expected behavior due mainly to the properties of the CMOS ASIC chips. Temperature measurements were performed by reading the temperature values on sensors TE192 and TE196, placed on the top and bottom of the TPC frame respectively. These temperatures were recorded several times per minute. We use the average of the two temperatures as a measure of the average temperature in the cryostat. Erorr bars on the temperature measurements are equal to half the difference in temperature between the two sensors. A noise measurement performed at a given run was matched to a temperature measurement by looking for the temperature measurement performed nearest in time to the run start time. The large population of data-points close to 100 K is due to the fact that by that point the temperature in the cryostat had stabilized, and many runs were being taken at a stable temperature. ### noise_vs_time noise_vs_time.png noise_vs_time_caption.txt Noise measured on collection plane wires as a function of time. Each data point corresponds to the measured noise level for a given run. The times shown are the times at which each run was taken. For each run, a list of channels was selected such that 1) it was a collection plane wire, 2) it had noise values within a certain range. The average and standard deviation of the distribution of RMS noise values for channels passing the cut was calculated. Data points represent the average RMS, and error-bars show the standard deviation of these distributions. Error bars are meant to show how the change in temperature affects noise levels compared to the intrinsic variability of noise in the detector due to channel-to-channel gain variations. ENC values are measured in number of electrons by taking the ADC noise measured at a 14 mV/fC ASIC gain and multiplying it by [ 1.6E-4 (fC/e-) X 1.935 (ADC/mV) X 14 (mV/fC)]^-1. Noise values drop with the gasseous argon temperature. This is expected behavior due mainly to the properties of the CMOS ASIC chips. The red vertical line in this plot represents the time at which the LAr filling-process began. After this point noise levels begin to rise. This behavior is explained in the Tech-Note in DocDB 4717 in Sec. 5. Sporadicity of the data-points is due to irregular run-taking patterns in the very early weeks of the commissioning phase. Noise levels fluctuate slightly upwards in early and mid June. This is because the cryostat cooling was temporarily interrupted for a brief period, allowing the temperature, and thus the noise values, to rise. ## Aproved Plots at Sept. 4th Plot Approval Meeting (#4787) ### R1532E1_black_grid_axis R1532E1_black_grid_axis.png R1532E1_black_grid_axis_caption.txt A snapshot from LArSoft based 3D event display showing cosmic tracks entering the MicroBooNE detector. The three boxes show the full readout window of the MicroBooNE detector which corresponds to 4.8 ms or equivalently the total effective drift volume for running at full field strength (-128 kV to cathode or 500 V/cm). The red highlighted box shows the physical volume of the TPC. The Colored lines shown in the boxes are 3D reconstructed tracks, different colors represent different tracks. Tracks are drawn along with their trajectory points. The data shown corresponds to cosmic run 1532, event 1 taken on 17th of August, 2015 at 4:03 PM at -70kV (or equivalently 273 V/cm) Electric field. ### R1532E1_white_nogrid_axis R1532E1_white_nogrid_axis.png R1532E1_white_nogrid_axis_caption.txt A snapshot from LArSoft based 3D event display showing cosmic tracks entering the MicroBooNE detector. The three boxes show the full readout window of the MicroBooNE detector which corresponds to 4.8 ms or equivalently the total effective drift volume for running at full field strength (-128 kV to cathode or 500 V/cm). The red highlighted box shows the physical volume of the TPC. The Colored lines shown in the boxes are 3D reconstructed tracks, different colors represent different tracks. Tracks are drawn along with their trajectory points. The data shown corresponds to cosmic run 1532, event 1 taken on 17th of August, 2015 at 4:03 PM at -70kV (or equivalently 273 V/cm) Electric field. ## Updated Neutrino Beam Timing Plots (#5390) ### BNB BNB.pdf BNB.png BNB_caption.txt The measured distribution of flash times (requiring flashes greater than 50PE) with respect to the trigger time for BNB-triggered events, shown as a ratio to the expected cosmic rate from off-beam data. The blue band denoting the cosmic rate was centered at one, with a width corresponding to the measured uncertainty in the cosmic rate. A clear excess can be seen due to neutrinos between 3 and 5$\mu$s after the trigger. This is where the neutrinos were expected based on the RWM signal arrival time. A total of 1.92E6 BNB triggered events (unbiased trigger) were used to produce this plot. ### NUMI NUMI.pdf NUMI.png NUMI_caption.txt The measured distribution of flash times (requiring flashes greater than 50PE) with respect to the trigger time for NuMI-triggered events, shown as a ratio to the expected cosmic rate from off-beam data. The blue band denoting the cosmic rate was centered at one, with a width corresponding to the measured uncertainty in the cosmic rate. A clear excess can be seen due to neutrinos between 6 and 15$\mu\$s after the trigger. A total of 3.67E5 NuMI triggered events (unbiased trigger) were used to produce this plot.
Questions? Click on the document numbers for notes and authors, or contact us. Page last updated: Tue Mar 15 11:52:59 2016 | 2017-07-29T11:52:46 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7921542525291443, "perplexity": 13920.280543031135}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549427766.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20170729112938-20170729132938-00513.warc.gz"} |
https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/dsj/article/download/2589/4618 | Photocolorimetric Biosensor for Detection of Cholinergic Organophosphorus Compounds
To detect nerve agents in practice, the analytical methods such as gas, liquid and thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry or capillary electrophoresis are usually used. Apart from these analytical methods, we developed an analytical device (tape photocolorimetric biosensor) based on the modified Ellman`s cholinesterase biochemical reaction for multidetection of cholinergic organophosphorus compounds. Enzyme butyrylcholinesterase was used as a biorecognizing component and its activity was evaluated by RGB(Full) sensor. This method eliminates errors in the evaluation and provides automatic data collection with their subsequent evaluation. The unique method of dosing allows appropriate dispensing of reagents in microlitres volumes and the whole system is simple to operate. Suitability of the constructed biosensors was evaluated using the six organophosphates (Tabun, sarin, Soman, cyclosin, VX and R33 compound). Biosensor showed the ability to measure substances at concentrations ranging between ~ 1×10-8 mg/l - 1×10-6 mg/l in the air, according to their inhibition effect.
Nerve agents are the most toxic synthetic compounds that were selected for combat use1. Many non-toxic organophosphorus compounds with the same basic structure are used in industry as softeners, hydraulic fluids, plasticizers, etc2 The wide-reaching application of these substances is in agriculture and forestry as pesticides3. The main toxic effect of nerve agents is interference with nervous system. Nerve agents affect the transmission of nerve impulses by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which ensures neurotransmitters acetylcholine (ACh) degradation. Acetylcholine is responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses. Acetylcholine is decomposed in normal cholinergic transmission immediately after transmission of nervous impulses by the catalytic action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase4,5. Under optimal conditions, a molecule of the enzyme hydrolyzes about 2,000 molecules of ACh per second5. Nerve agents inhibit the active hydrolytic centre of AChE and irreversible enzyme-inhibitor complex is formed. This process is known as ageing. Enzyme inactivation is irreversible and recovery mainly depends on synthesis of new enzyme. The half-time ageing (time for half of involved cholinesterase to age) varies from 2 min for Soman, to >40 hours for VX and Tabun6. To detect nerve agents in practice, the analytical methods such as gas, liquid and thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry or capillary electrophoresis are usually used1,7. .
The detectors operating on the ion mobility spectrometry principle (RAID - 1, Raid M, detector Dräger X-AM, ChemPro detector) are widely used to detect of nerve agents in the air. The detectors using flame spectrophotometer (AP2C, AP4C) and the detectors using surface acoustic wave technology (JACD ChemSentry detector) are used, too. These miniaturized detectors compare measured data with the database stored in the memory. Difficult determination of less known toxic derivatives (i.e. the false negative detection) and higher acquisition prices are their main disadvantages. It´s detection limit is 10-5 mg/l in the air.
The above mentioned shortcomings can be eliminated by using biosensors. Biosensors are portable, fast and highly sensitive bioanalytical devices. The biosensors based on cholinesterase inhibition achieve extremely high sensitivity8. Generally, these biosensors use two types of cholinesterase: acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)9. Many AChE-based biosenso12,13rs have been proposed on electrochemiluminescence10,11, fluorescence, voltametric14 and amperometric methods15-18.
This study describes the results achieved during the testing of the laboratory sample of the tape photocolorimetric portable biosensor using utilizing cholinesterase reaction (CHR) for detection of nerve agents.
CHR is a colorimetric method based on hydrolysis of the substrate (usually an ester of choline, or thiocholine) by cholinesterase (acetyl-or butyrylcholinesterase). This catalyzed hydrolysis produces acid and choline (thiocholine). Thiocholine produced by the CHR can be determined by Ellman´s method. The principle of this method is based on the reaction of thiocholine with chromogenic thiol reagent 5,5 '-dithiobis-(2-nitro) benzoic acid (DTNB). 5-sulphanyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid (yellow colour) is formed during the CHR, and measured at 412 nm (as shown in Fig. 1). In the presence of nerve agent, the reaction is blocked (no colour change)19,20.
Figure 1. The course of CHR with Ellman´s reagent.
2.1 Chemicals and Materials
O-ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoroamidocyanidate (Tabun; GA – purity 97.24 %), O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (Sarin; GB - purity 93.61 %), O-pinakolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (Soman; GD – purity 99.00 %) O-cyklohexyl methylfosfonofluoridate (Cyclosarin; GF - purity 98.01 %) O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX - purity 90.76 %) and O-isobutyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (R33 - purity 30.30 %) were manufactured in the Slovak Republic (Zemianske Kostol‘any). 5,5´-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB - purity: > 97.5 %), butyrylthiocholin iodide (BTCHJ - purity: ≥ 98.0 %), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 - purity 99.0-100.0 %), sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4.2H2O - purity min. 99.5 %) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4 - purity >= 99.0 %) were supplied by Sigma Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH - purity min. 98.0 %) and boric acid (H3BO3 - purity min. 99.5 %) were supplied by Lach-Ner. Methanol (purity 99.8 %) was supplied by Chromservis. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8., specific activity 150 $\mu$ kat/l) was supplied by Bioveta.
2.2 Solutions
• Buffers: phosphate (pH 7; 0.1 M), borate (pH 7; 0.05 M )
• Substrate: butyrylthiocholin iodide, 0.075 M (23.77 mg were dissolved in 1 ml distilled water).
• Reagent: 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, 0.01 M (39.6 mg were dissolved in 10 ml phosphate buffer and 15 mg of sodium bicarbonate was added)
• Mixture: 0.1 ml substrate and 0.5 ml of reagent were dispersed into 13.3 ml of borate buffer
• Enzyme: 50 mg of butyrylcholinesterase was dissolved in 2 ml of borate buffer.
2.3 Principle of Detection with Photocolorimetric Detector
The proposed biosensor described in this article uses Ellman´s modification of CHR. This reaction goes on the white cotton tape 15 mm wide and 0.35 mm thickness. This is an ordinary tape biosensor with improving elements. In particular, this is a new principle of evaluating the results of this reaction using as photocolorimetric sensor. Photocolorimetric sensor can evaluate the colour change of a reaction. The method of dosing, which allows the appropriate dispensing reagents in microlitres volumes, is also an advantage. The whole system is consists of three basic parts as shown in Fig. 2. The first part is pneumatic and provides sampling across the tape by sampling pump, flow stabilization and the measurement of its value, using a flow meter. The second part is the dosage system that ensures each reagent dosing pump and dispenser containment vessels with the pressure relief system. The last part serves as the evaluation part and is described below.
Figure 2. Scheme of the detector.
Note: 1- digital RGB sensor, 2 – cotton tape, 3 – spraying of enzyme, 4 – spraying of reagents, 5 – sampling samples, and 6 – tape shifting mechanism.
2.4 Description of the Measurement Process
The algorithm of the measuring procedure is as follows:
(a) Insertion of the cotton tape for detection and its mechanical shift
(b) Spraying a defined volume of enzyme solution BuChE (the enzyme is applied at ambient temperature and at pressure not higher than 0.15 bar)
(c) Sampling samples across the tape
(d) Spraying of a defined volume of the mixture of substrate (butyrylthiocholin iodide - BTChI) and Ellman´s reagent
(e) Scanning an optical signal
(f) Data evaluation
The whole measurement process takes 5 min (2 min for sampling a sample, 1 min for incubation, and 2 min for scanning an optical signal). In case of VX compound, a part of the sampling device was heated to 40 °C during the whole measurement. Limit of detection (LOD - is the lowest analyte concentration likely to be reliably distinguished from the blank and at which detection is feasible)21 and limit of quantification (LOQ - is the lowest concentration at which the analyte can not only be reliably detected but at which some predefined goals for bias and imprecision are met)21 were obtained for each substance from statistical processing of measured data (depending on the rate constant of the absolute amount of nerve agent):
LOD = k + 3 × sy,
LOQ = k + 10 × sy,
where sy is the residual standard deviation of measurement, and k (the rate constant) is the value on the y axis of the regression line (mg/l).
3.1 Design of Evaluation
The course of a reaction was evaluated using a digital colour sensor which is sensitive to red, blue and green spectrum. Each colour is given by the intensity of these three primary colours. Ellman´s modification of CHR is based on the colour transition yellow-white. For this transition, there is critical representation of blue colour, i.e. the value of the signal B. The changes of the values of the signal B depending on time were measured for each concentration of nerve agents as shown in Fig. 3. Methanol was used for the preparation of the calibration solutions (its presence does not affect the activity and stability enzyme during detection). Its presence also improved sample evaporation during the spraying. The rate constant k was obtained from the linear regression of the equation (a polynomial approximation of the measured data): y = (k×x) + q.
Figure 3. Example of the curve obtained from measurement.
The time for reading of the rate constants was optimized on the values of determination coefficients R2 (it´s main purpose is the prediction of future outcomes on the basis of other related information) for Soman as shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the values of the determination coefficients of the regression equations for different time intervals during the measurement of Soman (time counted from spraying a mixture of substrate and DTNB).
Table. 1. Determination coefficients of the regression equations for different time intervals.
As the optimal time, 90-100 seconds after spraying the mixture of substrate and reagents were chosen. From the calculated rate constants, it can be determined whether or not the sample contains nerve agents.
3.2 Calibration Curves of Nerve Agents in the Air
Dependencies of rate constants on the concentration of nerve agents for Tabun, Sarin, Soman, Cyclosin, VX compound, and R 33 are shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 respectively, were measured by the proposed tape photocolorimetric detector. The point of each concentration level was measured 10 times and each curve was constructed from their average values. The Figs. 4-9 shows that the highest inhibitory effect (according to the lowest nerve agent amount giving the positive signal of detector) was reached for Cyclosin and VX substance, while Tabun and R33 showed the lowest inhibitory activity. This fact correlates with the inhibition effect and thus the toxicity of individual organophosphorus inhibitors.
Figure 4.The detector response to GA in the air.
Figure 5.The detector response to GB in the air.
Figure 6.The detector response to GD in the air.
Figure 7.The detector response to GF in the air.
Figure 8. The detector response to VX in the air.
Figure 9. The detector response to R33 in the air.
Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for proposed photocolorimetric biosensor were obtained by statistical processing of linear parts of the measured dependencies of rate constants on the nerve agents concentration as shown in the Table 2.
Table 2. LOD and LOQ for nerve agents in the air.
In summary, the simple and sensitive portable means for detection of nerve agents has been demonstrated. It is characterized by high robustness and reliability. The evaluation of the results is not dependent on subjective evaluation and allows an operator to work under difficult visual conditions. The whole analysis needs only 5 min and is simple to operate without sophisticated instrument. The method of dosing allows to dose the appropriate dispensing reagents in microlitres volumes. On the basis of the measurement it is clear, that this photocolorimetric biosensor can be used in future to detect all type of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors in environment.
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Mrs. Kamila Vymazalová received her Ing title (Environmental Analytical Chemistry) from the University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno, Czech Republic, in 2008. She is pursuing her PhD from University of Defense, Brno. Presently she is working as research worker in the Military Technical Institute of Protection, Brno. Prof. Emil Halámek completed his graduate and postgraduate studies at the Military Academy in Brno, Czech Republic. He has been working at the University of Defense, the Institute of NBC Defence, Vyškov, Czech Republic. For a long time, he has been cooperating with the Military Technical Institute of Protection, Brno. He applies one's mind to the problems of chemical warfare agents, with an emphasis on research and development of technical means of chemical research and chemical control. Mr. Jiří Kadlcak received his PhD from MAGF Vyskov at 1991. He is working as head of Detection and Analytical Department of Military Technical Institute of Protection, Brno. His areas of interest includes: Stand-off detection CWA based on CO2 DIAL/DISC, point detection and identification real CWA and development the Analytical systems for CWA analysis. | 2019-10-22T21:14:57 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 1, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6572450995445251, "perplexity": 13351.078445947445}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987824701.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022205851-20191022233351-00208.warc.gz"} |
https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/dsj/article/download/5787/4543 | Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Multiple Access Time Hopping – Pulse Shape Modulation in Presence of Timing Jitter
In short-range networks such as wireless personal area networks (WPAN), multiple user wireless connectivity for surveillance would require a wireless technology that supports multiple streams of high-speed data and consumes very little power. Ultra wideband (UWB) technology enables wireless connectivity across multiple devices (users) addressing the need for high-speed WPAN. Apart from having a distinct advantage of higher data rate over Bluetooth v4.0 (24 Mbps), the UWB technology is also found to be tolerant to frequency-selective multipath fading. In this paper authors discuss a time-hopping pulse shape modulation UWB signalling scheme for ad-hoc high bit rate wireless connectivity for defence applications. Authors analyse multiple access interference for both Gaussian channel and frequency selective multipath fading channel to compare the effects of timing jitter on two types of pulse shapes, namely modified Hermite pulse (MHP) and prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWF). Authors make a comparative analysis of the system performance with respect to PSWF and MHP to ascertain robustness to timing jitter. In the process, authors introduced a new metric of decision factor in timing jitter analysis.
Short-range wireless communication and ad-hoc networking can provide a device level wireless connectivity for battlefield monitoring and surveillance purposes. Such secured connectivity in wireless personal area networks (WPAN) needs to support multiple streams of high data rate (>100 Mbps), should consume very little power, and maintain low cost while sometimes fitting into a very small physical package1. Traditional wireless technology cannot meet these requirements. This has motivated an unprecedented development of ultra wideband (UWB) technology.
The UWB radio technology is baseband transmission of sub-nanosecond pulses offering high bandwidth. It is an emission technique with very low transmitted power level over short communication ranges (< 10 m). Due to the availability of wide bandwidth and high resolution in time UWB signalling systems are very robust to interferences and multipath distortions. UWB thus offers a distinct advantage in having wireless connectivity with high data rates across multiple devices for WPAN applications (IEEE 802.15.4a) that make it suitable for defence applications.
However, the advantages of UWB system in terms of reduced complexity and robustness to multipath fading are constrained due to utilisation of highly narrow pulses2. This arises due to the effects of timing jitters, tracking errors and unstable clocks3 with jitter of 10 ps reported by Rowe4, et al. The relative mobility between transmitter and receiver adds to the asynchronisation problem. Immediate fallout of timing jitter is performance degradation of correlation receiver, resulting in reduction of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)5-7. The effects of timing jitter on the bit error rate (BER) performance and data throughput for wireless body area network (WBAN) were compared for equally correlated-pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme in Nasr & Shaban8. A built in jitter measurement principle using tail fitting methods for jitter analysis is presented in Erb & Pribyl9. Analysis of a time hopping - pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) scheme in presence of timing jitter for a multipath fading channel is discussed in Gezici10.
An indoor ad-hoc WPAN scenario is considered with multiple access connectivity between few sources (Nu users, say User 1 represents a navigation map, User 2 represents a data control information and so on.) and is shown in Fig. 1. This information available in the form of M-ary symbols at the cockpit of an aircraft is required to be accessed through a wireless channel by a helmet-mounted receiver of the pilot, forming an indoor WPAN scenario.
The underlying idea in a time-hopping pulse shape modulation (TH-PSM) scheme is to represent these M-ary symbols ai = [ai0, ai1,…, ai,k–1 ] with a set of K orthogonal pulses ψk (t), Ψ = [ψ0, ψ1,…, y(k–1) ] as basis functions11-12. The ith symbol for the nth user will therefore be
${s}_{i}^{\left(n\right)}\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{k=0}^{K-1}{a}_{i,k}^{\left(n\right)}{\psi }_{k}\left(t\right)$ (1)
The signal from each of the Nu users is superimposed to form a composite transmitted signal for a dense multiple access environment. In Fig. 1, r(t) is the composite received signal and ω(t) is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The advantage of M-ary PSM scheme is the requirement of less timing precision, better immunity to multipath and independence of the received signal polarity during detection13. It is proposed for achieving high data rates even in severe multipath fading scenarios11.
In this paper, authors discussed TH-PSM scheme for ad- hoc high bit rate wireless connectivity for multiple devices. The aim of this paper is performance comparison of the TH- PSM scheme with respect to two UWB pulse shapes, namely modified Hermite pulses (MHP) and prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWF) for ascertaining the system robustness to timing jitter. The analysis is done for dense multiple access environments for an AWGN channel as well as for a frequency- selective multipath environment. A new metric decision factor (Df ) was introduced to determine the tolerance to timing jitter for both the pulse shapes. It was also demonstrated the effect of timing jitter on the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) and bit error probability (BEP).
The message symbol from each user is mapped onto K orthogonal (M=2K) pulse shapes ψk (t). Since a single orthogonal set of pulses representing a symbol does not provide enough information the user data is modulated onto a parallel sequence of pulse shapes over Nf frames as shown in Fig. 2. However, continuous pulse transmission leads to strong spectral lines in the spectrum of the transmitted signal14. These energy spikes may interfere with other communication systems over short distances. To minimise such interferences, a randomising technique in the form of time hopping is applied to the transmitted signal that makes the transmission more noise like15 thereby making the system secure.
The transmitted signal for the ith symbol of the nth user as shown in Fig. 2. is
${s}_{i}^{\left(n\right)}\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sqrt{{E}_{tr}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{j=1}^{{N}_{f}}\sum _{k=0}^{K-1}{a}_{i,k}^{\left(n\right)}{\psi }_{k}\left(t-j{T}_{f}-{\text{c}}_{j}^{\left(n\right)}{T}_{c}-\text{ε}\right)$ (2)
where ai = [ai0, ai1,…, ai,k–1] is the K-tuple representation for the ith symbol i ∈ {0, 1,.., M-1}. The frame time duration is Tf, ε is the timing jitter at the transmitter modelled as uniformly distributed random variable U[- ε , ε ]8. Transmitted energy Etr is ideally the same for a perfect power control and Tc is the time slot for each UWB pulse. Total number of slots per frame is Nc where Tf=, NcTc, and the total number of frames to represent a symbol is Nf. In a multiple access scenario, the transmitted pulses from many users may arrive at the receiver simultaneously. To avoid catastrophic collision due to such probable simultaneous arrival of received pulses, each pulse is made to occupy a particular slot in a frame in a random manner depending on a pseudorandom (PN) code cj. (n), (0 < cj·Nc-1) that is explained in Fig. 2.
The composite received signal from each of Nu users with AWGN ω(t) is
$r\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{n=0}^{{N}_{u}-1}\sqrt{{E}_{tr}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{j=1}^{{N}_{f}}\sum _{k=0}^{K-1}{a}_{i,k}^{\left(n\right)}{\psi }_{k}\left(t-j{T}_{f}-{\text{c}}_{j}^{\left(n\right)}{T}_{c}-\text{ε}\right)+\omega \left(t\right)$ (3)
The SINR for the ith symbol of the desired user in a multiple access PSM scenario is
(4)
Here, φ(l,l)(ε) is the autocorrelation function (ACF) between the template and received signal of the desired lth user
${\text{φ}}_{\left(l,l\right)}\left(\text{ε}\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\underset{-\infty }{\overset{\infty }{\int }}{\text{ψ}}_{l}\left(t\right){\text{ψ}}_{l}\left(t-\text{ε}\right)d\text{ε},$ (5)
${\sigma }_{MAI}^{2}$ is the variance due to multiple access interference and ${\sigma }_{\omega }^{2}$ is the variance due to AWGN.
3.1 Multiple Access Interference
The sum of interferences to each frame of the lth correlator (template for the desired user) due to signal from user n (n≠ l) is given as ZMAI and is shown in Fig. 3 for a single frame of transmission.
${Z}_{MAI}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{n=0,n\ne l}^{{N}_{u}-1}\sqrt{{E}_{tr}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{j=1}^{{N}_{f}}\sum _{k=0}^{K-1}{a}_{i}^{\left(n\right)}\underset{-\infty }{\overset{\infty }{\int }}{\text{ψ}}_{l}\left(t\right){\text{ψ}}_{l}\left(t-\text{ε)dε}$ (6)
Depending upon the value of ${c}_{i}^{\left(l\right)}$ the template would occupy one of the slots out of [1, 2, ..., Nc] for each bit in a frame of the lth user. Based upon the magnitude of the timing jitter an overlap of pulses will occur. Cross-correlation for other users (nl) with the template of the lth user would exist only for those slots. Probable interferences between the template for the kth bit of lth symbol of the desired (lth) user and received kth bit of the undesired user (nl) are provided in the following cases and is also depicted in Fig. 3.
Case I - For slots Tc[2,...., Nc -1]: The correlation between ith symbol of the nth user and template of lth user refers to a situation when both the pulses are of the same slot and the overlap is only due to the delay difference in timing jitter. Also there is an overlaying of the template pulse with adjacent slots within the same frame due to jitter delay ( ±ε ).
Case II- For slot Tc = 1: In this case correlation between the kth bit of (i-1)th symbol of the nth user and desired lth user template would result due to an overlap of (Tc +e) for (/'-1)th symbol of the nth user and the ith symbol of the template. The overlap of the kth bit of (i+1)th symbol of the undesired user and the ith symbol of the template is similarly due to (Tc –ε).
Case III- For slot Tc = Nc : This is similar to Case II except that the correlation is now between ith or (i+1)th symbol of the nth user and desired lth user template.
The total MAI is the sum of interference of the above cases for each of (Nu – 1) users. Assuming the MAI and the noise to be approximately Gaussian distributed, we obtain the mean MAI as
$E\left[{\text{Z}}_{MAI}\right]\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{1}{2{N}_{c}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left\{E\left[\text{φ}\left(\text{ε}\right)\right]+E\left[\text{φ}\left({T}_{c}-|\text{ε}|\right)\right]\right\}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{{\text{γ}}_{1}}{2{N}_{c}}$ (7)
The variance is calculated as
${\sigma }_{MAI}^{2}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\approx \frac{2{N}_{c}-1}{4{N}_{c}^{2}}{\text{γ}}_{1}^{2}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}+\frac{{N}_{c}-1}{2{N}_{c}^{2}}{\text{γ}}_{2}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}+\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{1}{{N}_{c}}{\text{γ}}_{3}$ (8)
where
${\text{γ}}_{1}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}E\left[\text{φ}\left(\text{ε}\right)\right]\text{\hspace{0.17em}}+E\left[\text{φ}\left({T}_{c}-|\text{ε}|\right)\right]$ (9a)
${\text{γ}}_{2}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}E\left[{\text{φ}}^{2}\left({T}_{c}-|\text{ε}|\right)\right]$ (9b)
${\text{γ}}_{3}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}E\left[\text{φ}\left(\text{ε}\right)\text{φ}\left({T}_{c}-|\text{ε}|\right)\right]$ (9c)
Each of Nu users in a PSM scheme utilise different sets u of orthogonal basis functions ψ(t) so that φn,l (ε) ≈ 0 in Eqn. (4). Also large values of Nc in Eqn. (7) results in smaller .${\sigma }_{MAI}^{2}$ The average BEP for a wireless communications system being inversely proportional to the SINR, a large value of φi,l (ε) along with a smaller value of ${\sigma }_{MAI}^{2}$ would yield a smaller average BEP. Consequently, correct estimation of the ith symbol is governed by the area under φn,l (ε).
The authors adopted a discrete multipath channel model in a frequency-selective environment whose impulse response h(t) is
$h\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{l=0}^{L-1}{\alpha }_{l}\text{δ}\left(t-{\text{τ}}_{l}\right)$ (10)
where αl, and τl, are the fading coefficients and the corresponding multipath delay for the lth path respectively. We assume that the minimum path time resolution is equal to the pulse-width Tp (TpTc) such that the multipath components arrive at some integer multiple of Tp, i.e., τl = lTp. We also assume that multipath components are mutually uncorrelated and considering closely spread users in an indoor environment the number of multipath components to be the same (L) for each user. The fading coefficients representing the path loss αl follow a probability density function as specified in IEEE 802.15.4a channel model and is applicable in the 2 GHz – 10 GHz frequency range.
The composite received signal from all Nu users for the ith symbol with L path components is
$r\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{n=0}^{{N}_{u}-1}\sum _{l=0}^{L-1}{\alpha }_{l}{s}_{i}^{\left(n\right)}\left(\text{t}-l{T}_{p}\right)+\text{ω}\left(\text{t}\right)$ (11)
In a multiuser scenario with L copies of received signal for each transmitted signal due to multipath, one needs a co-channel demodulation for simultaneous detection of all signals. The authors adopted a RAKE combiner16 with the assumption that the reference or template waveform is perfectly synchronised with the desired signal. The template for the kth bit correlator of the nth user with L branches representing as many multipath components is
${\Psi }_{k}\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{p=0}^{L-1}{\text{β}}_{p}^{\left(n\right)}{\text{ψ}}_{k}\left(t-j{T}_{f}-{c}_{j}^{\left(n\right)}{T}_{c}-p{T}_{p}\right)$ (12)
where ${\beta }_{p}^{\left(n\right)}$ is the RAKE combining coefficient for the pth branch of the RAKE combiner. The delay pTp is introduced to synchronise for the delay due to the pth multipath. The delay spread of the channel is assumed to be not larger than the frame time Tf, i.e, LNcTc.
The pth branch template of the RAKE combiner represents the pulse-shape corresponding to the kth bit of PSM from the transmitter delayed by tp = pTp . The composite received signal ${\Psi }_{k}\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{p=0}^{L-1}{\text{β}}_{p}^{\left(n\right)}{\text{ψ}}_{k}\left(t-j{T}_{f}-{c}_{j}^{\left(n\right)}{T}_{c}-p{T}_{p}\right)$ consists of multiple copies of pulses from all Nu users due to multipath effects. The decision statistics at the correlator output of the pth branch template for the desired user (n = 1) is
$y\left(t\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\underset{j{T}_{f}}{\overset{\left(j+1\right){T}_{f}}{\int }}r\left(t\right){\text{ψ}}_{k}\left(t-p{T}_{p}\right)dt\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{n=0}^{{N}_{u}-1}\sqrt{{E}_{tr}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\sum _{k=0}^{K-1}\sum _{j=1}^{{N}_{f}}\sum _{l=0}^{L-1}{\text{α}}_{l}^{\left(n\right)}{\text{β}}_{p}^{\left(1\right)}〈{a}_{i,k}^{\left(n\right)},{\text{φ}}_{kp}\left({\text{τ}}_{k}\right)〉$ (13)
Where
${\text{φ}}_{\left(l,l\right)}\left(\text{ε}\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\underset{0}{\overset{{t}_{f}}{\int }}{\text{ψ}}_{k}\left(t-l{T}_{p}-\text{ε)}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}{\text{ψ}}_{p}\left(t-p{T}_{p}\right)dt$ (14)
and the random delay τk represents the delay difference between the incoming signal due multipath and timing jitter delays and the template, τk = [(lp)Tp +ε].
4.1 Determination of SINR in a Multipath-Multiple Access Scenario
The correlation between the pth - branch template for the kth bit of the desired user (n = 1) with the composite received signal r(t) may lead to the following probable cases in the receiver and are described in Fig. 4.
Case I: Assuming perfect synchronisation, the lth multipath component of the kth bit of the desired user is autocorrelated with those of the template (l = p) yielding the desired signal component, ZDES.
Case II: The lth multipath component of the kth bit in the jth frame of the desired user spill over to the adjacent (j+1)th frame due to multipath and timing jitter, and overlap with the pth branch template of the same order in the (j+1)th frame resulting in inter-frame interference, ZIFT.
Case III: Some of the multipath components of the kth bit of the desired user would interfere with the qth ( ≠ k) bit of the template causing multi-pulse interference, ZMPT
Case IV: The sum of interference to each frame of the pth correlator branch of the kth pulse due to signal from other users (Nu-1) is given as the multiple access interference, ZMAT
The decision statistics in Eqn. (13) terms of desired signal and the interferences is
$y\left(t\right)=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}{Z}_{DES}+{Z}_{IFI}+{Z}_{MPI}+{Z}_{MAI}+{Z}_{\text{ω}}$ (15)
and Zω is the interference due to AWGN.
The SINR for multiple access scenario in a multipath environment is given as
$SINR\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{{\left({Z}_{DES}\right)}^{2}}{\left({\sigma }_{IFI}^{2}+{\sigma }_{MPI}^{2}+{\sigma }_{MAI}^{2}+{\sigma }_{\text{ω}}^{2}\right)}$ (16)
The probability of error for the pth correlator branch of the kth bit is the BEP and is given by
${P}_{p}=Q\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{{E}_{tr}\left[\sum _{j=1}^{{N}_{f}}{\text{α}}_{l}^{\left(1\right)}{\text{β}}_{p}^{\left(1\right)}{\text{φ}}_{kk}\left(\text{ε}\right){\right]}^{2}}{\left({\text{σ}}_{IFI}^{2}+{\text{σ}}_{MPI}^{2}+{\text{σ}}_{MAI}^{2}+{\text{σ}}_{\text{ω}}^{2}}}\right)$ (17)
Selection of mutually exclusive set of orthogonal pulses for different users reduces ${\sigma }_{MPI}^{2}$ and ${\sigma }_{MAI}^{2}$ significantly. However, the effect of ${\sigma }_{IFI}^{2}$ is not negligible.
Probability of error in Eqn. (17) is found to be dependent on the auto- and cross-correlation functions between the received and the template pulses. To yield a smaller value for average BEP, a large value of ACF φkk(ε) for the desired signal and a smaller value of variance ${\sigma }_{IFI}^{2}$ due to interferences is desirable. Consequently, correct estimation of the kth bit in the ith symbol is governed by the area under φkk(ε). Since the magnitude of φkk(ε) goes down with higher amount of delay due to timing jitter e, an upper-bound of timing jitter (εth) is estimated corresponding to a threshold value of φkk(ε). This corresponds to a value of S1NR below which the detector would estimate a bit erroneously.
We define a decision factor Df in ZDES as the ratio of the overlapping area under the ACF due to the received pulse with jitter above eh of the desired user (n = 1) to the total area under the ACF. Since for ZDES , l = p resulting in T =e , one obtains
${{D}_{f}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\underset{{\text{ε}}_{th}}{\overset{\infty }{\int }}{\text{φ}}_{kk}\left(\text{ε}\right)d\text{ε}}{\underset{0}{\overset{\infty }{\int }}{\text{φ}}_{kk}\left(\text{ε}\right)d\text{ε}}|}_{{z}_{DES}}$ (18)
ACF being an even symmetrical function. In the worst case scenario, the S1NR becomes minimum when the contribution due to ZIF1 is maximum. For such a case S1NR at the pth branch of the kth bit correlator in terms of Df may be expressed as
$SINR\text{\hspace{0.17em}}=\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\sqrt{{E}_{tr}^{\left(1\right)}}{N}_{f}{D}_{f}\left({\text{α}}_{l}^{\left(1\right)}{\text{β}}_{p}^{\left(1\right)}\right)\underset{0}{\overset{\infty }{\int }}{\text{φ}}_{kk}\left(\text{ε}\right)d\text{ε}}{\sqrt{{E}_{tr}^{\left(1\right)}}{A}^{2}E\left[{\text{φ}}_{kk}^{2}\left\{\left({\text{N}}_{c}-2\right)+\text{ε}\right\}\right]+{\text{σ}}_{\text{ω}}^{2}}$ (19)
where
$A=\left({N}_{f}-1\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(L-1\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left[\frac{\left({N}_{c}-m\right)\left(m\right)}{{N}_{c}^{2}}\right]\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left({\text{α}}_{l}^{\left(1\right)}{\text{β}}_{p}^{\left(1\right)}\right)$ (20)
As the system model parameters Etr, Nc, Nf Tf and L remain the same and the multipath channel impulse response being independent of the pulse shape, the system performance for TH-PSM with respect to SINR effectively depends on the pulse shape parameters, Df and φkk(ε).
For analysing the performance of TH-PSM scheme in presence of timing jitter MHP and PSWF pulse shapes since these pulse shapes were considered exhibit the property of orthogonality and optimally utilizes the restrictions imposed by FCC regulated spectral mask17. Due to its unique property of double orthogonality in time and frequency representations and spectral efficiency, PSWF pulses are an attractive option18. With an additional degree of freedom in terms of time- bandwidth product ‘c’ besides pulse shape order ‘n’, one has the option for selecting a larger set of basis functions with PSWF pulse shapes.
MHP and PSWF pulse shapes of width Tp = 2 ns, orders n = 2, 4, and 6 and time bandwidth product c = 2, 4, and 6 have been considered. The normalised ACF plot for PSWF (in black color) and MHP (in red colour) with n = 6, c = 6 is shown in Fig. 5. In the Fig. 5 φ(εth) implies the value of ACF at a timing jitter of εth . The timing jitter threshold εth for each order is taken as 10, 20 and 40 picosecs. The decision factor metric Df evaluated for PSWF and MHP pulse shapes for different jitter delays is shown in Table 1.
From Fig. 5 and Table 1, it is observed that
• For the same order of pulse shape n, Df (PSWF) is greater than Df(MHP). This indicates that SINR for PSWF will always be greater than MHP for all orders of pulse shapes as is evident from Eqn. (19).
• For the same value of $\phi {\left({\epsilon }_{th}\right)}_{PSWF}{|}_{{\epsilon }_{th}}>>\gg \gg \phi {\left({\epsilon }_{th}\right)}_{MHP}{|}_{{\epsilon }_{th}}$ implying higher value of SINR for PSWF compared to MHP. This result is shown in Fig. 5 for n = 6 and c = 6 where φ(40p sec s)PSWF = 0.7498 and p(40p sec s)MHP = 0.2903 for εth = 40p sec s . Hence for similar jitter conditions, the detection of symbols mapped by PSWF pulse shapes is better than those mapped with MHP pulses.
• For the same value of φ(εth), εth is larger for PSWF pulse shapes than for MHP. This implies that for the same SINR, the TH-PSM signaling scheme-based on PSWF can demonstrate better tolerance to timing jitter. From above, it was conclude that the upper-bound of timing jitter for better SINR is larger for PSWF than for MHP pulse shapes. The reason for such behaviour can be attributed to the smaller de-correlation time for MHP compared to PSWF for the same pulse width.
• The variation SINR and BEP as given in Eqns (17) and (19) in terms of Df is simulated with the following parameters: N = 10, N, = 3, L = 10, αl, = 0.5817 and ${\sigma }_{\omega }^{2}=0.001$ . The effect of timing jitter on SINR and BEP for both PSWF and MHP is shown in Figs 6 - 7. It was observed that for εth > 9 ps, the SINR for PSWF is higher compared to MHP for the same n irrespective of c. The degradation of SINR with jitter was also found to be sharper in case of MHP compared to the graceful degradation for PSWF. On the other hand the BEP of MHP for all orders was higher than those of PSWF. It was also observed from Figs 6 - 7 that SINR for PSWF wave-shapes with constant c reduces while BEP increases as the order n of pulse increases. On the other hand, for the same n the SINR for PSWF increases while BEP reduces as c increases. The above corroborates the variation of Df with order and type of pulse shapes.
In this paper performance analysis of UWB signaling system using TH-PSM modulation scheme for a WPAN environment has been discussed. A frequency-considered selective multipath fading channel was in a multiple access scenario in the presence of timing jitter. The objective of performance analysis was to obtain higher SINR and lower BEP with respect to pulse shapes such as MHP and PSWF. The tolerance to timing jitter is compared for PSWF and MHP by introducing a new metric decision factor (Df). It is demonstrated that in M-ary PSM scheme for the same value of timing jitter PSWF wave shapes yield a better SINR. Also for the same ACF, a higher upper bound of timing jitter exists for PSWF. This implies that PSWF wave shapes are more robust to timing jitter compared to MHP. This is also shown by the variation of BEP with respect to jitter. The receiver performance in terms of SINR is found to degrade rapidly for MHP as compared to PSWF with increase in timing jitter.
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4. Rowe, D.; Pollack, B.; Pulver, J.; Chon, W.; Jett, P.; Fullerton, L. & Larson, L. A Si/SiGe HBT Timing Generator IC for High bandwidth Impulse Radio applications. In Proceedings IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 1999. pp. 221-224. [Full text via CrossRef]
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12. Majhi, Sudhan; Madhukumar, A.S.; Premkumar, A.B. & Richardson, Paul. Combining OOK with PSM modulation for simple transceiver of orthogonal pulse based TH-UWB systems. EURASIP J. Wireless Comm. Networking, 2008, 1-11. [Full text via CrossRef]
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Mr D. Adhikari is a BTech from Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta and ME from University of Pune. He is pursuing his PhD at the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, India. Presently he is a Professor at the Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune. Mr C. Bhattacharya is a Scientist in Defence Research and Development Organisation, India and Head of Department of Electronics Engineering in Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Pune, India. He has active interest in the broad areas of signal processing as radar, communication, genomics, imaging, etc. He has been awarded the Best Researcher Award from DIAT in May 2013 and Technology Day Award from Scientific Adviser in May 2014. He is a Senior Member of IEEE, USA. | 2020-02-24T20:38:56 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 34, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.3934459686279297, "perplexity": 2600.1546972005053}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145981.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224193815-20200224223815-00522.warc.gz"} |
https://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=M222W&home=MXXX025 | #### ${{\boldsymbol \psi}{(4230)}}$ WIDTH
VALUE (MeV) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT
$\bf{ 20\text{ to }100 }$ OUR ESTIMATE
$\bf{ 50 \pm9}$ OUR AVERAGE Error includes scale factor of 3.8. See the ideogram below.
$47.2$ $\pm22.8$ $\pm10.5$ 1
2020 AG
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$46.2$ $\pm4.7$ $\pm2.1$ 2
2020 N
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$
$82.0$ $\pm5.7$ $\pm0.4$ 2
2020 O
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \eta}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$
$28.2$ $\pm3.9$ $\pm1.6$ 3
2019 AI
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \chi}_{{c0}}}$
$77.0$ $\pm6.8$ $\pm6.3$
2019 R
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit D}^{0}}{{\mathit D}^{*-}}$ + c.c.
$115$ ${}^{+38}_{-26}$ $\pm12$ 4
2019 V
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \chi}_{{c1}}{(3872)}}$
$44.1$ $\pm4.3$ $\pm2.0$ 5
2017 B
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$
$66.0$ ${}^{+12.3}_{-8.3}$ $\pm0.4$
2017 G
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit h}_{{c}}}$
$80.1$ $\pm24.6$ $\pm2.9$ 6
2017 V
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \psi}{(2S)}}$
• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •
$41.2$ $\pm16.0$ $\pm16.4$
2020 N
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit Z}_{{c}}{(3900)}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}_{{c}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$
$38$ $\pm12$ $\pm2$ 180 7
2015 C
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \chi}_{{c0}}}$
1 Solution 1 of 8 with equal fit quality to the ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ cross section between 3.8 and 4.6 GeV to the coherent sum of four resonant amplitudes. Other solutions range from $36.4$ $\pm16.8$ $\pm8.1$ to $49.6$ $\pm22.6$ $\pm11.0$ MeV.
2 From a fit of the measured cross section in the range $\sqrt {s }$ = $3.808 - 4.600$ GeV.
3 From a fit of the measured cross section from $\sqrt {s }$ = $4.178 - 4.278$ GeV. Supersedes ABLIKIM 2015C.
4 Simultaneous fit to ${{\mathit \chi}_{{c1}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$ and ${{\mathit \chi}_{{c1}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$ .
5 From a three-resonance fit.
6 From a fit to the cross section for ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \psi}{(2S)}}$ $\rightarrow$ 2 ( ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$) ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}$ obtained from 16 center-of-mass energies between 4.008 and 4.600 GeV and comprising 5.1 fb${}^{-1}$.
7 From a 3-parameter fit of measured cross sections from $\sqrt {s }$ = $4.21 - 4.42$ GeV to a phase-space modified Breit-Wigner function, using the decays ${{\mathit \chi}_{{c0}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \chi}_{{c0}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ , and ${{\mathit \omega}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ .
${{\mathit \psi}{(4230)}}$ WIDTH (MeV)
References:
ABLIKIM 2020O
PR D102 031101 Observation of the $Y(4220)$ and $Y(4360)$ in the process $e^{+}e^{-} \to \eta J/\psi$
ABLIKIM 2020AG
PR D102 112009 Measurement of cross sections for $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-$ at center-of-mass energies from 3.80 to 4.60 GeV
ABLIKIM 2020N
PR D102 012009 Study of the process $e^+e^-\to\pi^0\pi^0 J/\psi$ and neutral charmonium-like state $Z_c(3900)^0$
ABLIKIM 2019AI
PR D99 091103 Cross section measurements of $e^+ e^-\to\omega\chi_{c0}$ form $\sqrt{s}=$ 4.178 to 4.278 GeV
ABLIKIM 2019R
PRL 122 102002 Evidence of a resonant structure in the $e^+e^-\to \pi^+D^0D^{*-}$ cross section between 4.05 and 4.60 GeV
ABLIKIM 2019V
PRL 122 232002 Study of $e^+e^- \to \gamma \omega J/\psi$ and Observation of $X(3872) \to \omega J/\psi$
ABLIKIM 2017B
PRL 118 092001 Precise Measurement of the ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$ Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from 3.77 to 4.60 GeV
ABLIKIM 2017G
PRL 118 092002 Evidence of Two Resonant Structures in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit h}_{{c}}}$
ABLIKIM 2017V
PR D96 032004 Measurement of ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \psi}{(3686)}}$ from 4.008 to 4.600 GeV and Observation of a Charged Structure in the ${{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \psi}{(3686)}}$ Mass Spectrum
ABLIKIM 2015C
PRL 114 092003 Study of ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \chi}_{{cJ}}}$ at Center-of-Mass Energies from 4.21 to 4.42 GeV | 2021-09-19T16:18:16 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8659099340438843, "perplexity": 1287.571086330257}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056892.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20210919160038-20210919190038-00307.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10374161-search-resonances-decaying-three-bosons-hadronic-final-state-proton-proton-collisions | This content will become publicly available on July 1, 2023
Search for resonances decaying to three $W$ bosons in the hadronic final state in proton-proton collisions at $s=13 TeV$
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Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10374161
Journal Name:
Physical Review D
Volume:
106
Issue:
1
ISSN:
2470-0010 | 2023-03-28T08:04:06 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 21, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9205483198165894, "perplexity": 9303.512194164276}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948817.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328073515-20230328103515-00238.warc.gz"} |
http://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/version/cr/T-11.2,%20r.%204%20?code=se:73&history=20211017 | T-11.2, r. 4 - Regulation respecting remunerated passenger transportation by automobile
73. The notice of defect provided for in section 59 of the Act must be in writing and contain the following information:
(1) the name of the owner of the automobile concerned by the notice;
(2) the date of the notice;
(3) the licence plate number of the automobile concerned by the notice;
(4) a description of the defect noted;
(5) the name of the driver who noted the defect.
The notice must be in a form that provides proof of its transmission.
O.C. 1046-2020, s. 73.
In force: 2020-10-10
73. The notice of defect provided for in section 59 of the Act must be in writing and contain the following information:
(1) the name of the owner of the automobile concerned by the notice;
(2) the date of the notice;
(3) the licence plate number of the automobile concerned by the notice;
(4) a description of the defect noted;
(5) the name of the driver who noted the defect.
The notice must be in a form that provides proof of its transmission.
O.C. 1046-2020, s. 73. | 2022-01-27T21:35:50 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8726119995117188, "perplexity": 3076.878025618481}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305288.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220127193303-20220127223303-00658.warc.gz"} |
https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/multiplicatively-badly-approximable-matrices-up-to-logarithmic-factors(6a949bde-6504-48ad-b3f6-e4304815e7bc).html | Multiplicatively Badly Approximable Matrices up to Logarithmic Factors. / Fregoli, Reynold.
2020.
Research output: Working paper
Submitted
### Abstract
Let $\|x\|$ denote the distance from $x\in\mb{R}$ to the nearest integer. In this paper, we prove an existence and density statement for matrices $\bs{A}\in\mb{R}^{m\times n}$ satisfying $$\liminf_{|\bs{q}|_{\infty}\to +\infty}\prod_{j=1}^{n}\max\{1,|q_{j}|\}\log\left(\prod_{j=1}^{n}\max\{1,|q_{j}|\}\right)^{m+n-1}\prod_{i=1}^{m}\|A_{i}\bs{q}\|>0,$$ where the vector $\bs{q}$ ranges in $\mb{Z}^{n}$ and $A_{i}$ are the rows of the matrix $\bs{A}$. This result extends a previous result of Moshchevitin for $2$-dimensional vectors to arbitrary dimension. The estimates needed to apply Moshchevitin's method to the case $m>2$ are not currently available. We therefore develop a substantially different method, that allows us to overcome this issue. We also generalise this existence result to the inhomogeneous setting. Matrices with the above property appear to have a very small sum of reciprocals of fractional parts. This fact helps us to shed light on a question raised by L\^e and Vaaler, thereby proving some new estimates for such sums in higher dimension.
Original language English 17 Submitted - Jul 2020
This open access research output is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
ID: 39451806 | 2021-01-16T06:38:05 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5355858206748962, "perplexity": 467.05308453280276}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703500028.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116044418-20210116074418-00301.warc.gz"} |
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/research/enhancing-measures-non-market-output-economic-statistics-progress-paper | # Enhancing measures of non-market output in economic statistics: Progress paper
This paper discusses recent progress made by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in enhancing measurement of non-market economic activity
Released
18/12/2019
Jason Annabel - Economic Research Hub
## Introduction and scope
This paper discusses recent progress made by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in enhancing measurement of non-market economic activity, following on from the ‘roadmap’ paper published in September 2019 that articulated the ABS’ broad strategy.
As indicated in the 'roadmap' paper¹, the ABS defines the industries of Health Care and Social Assistance, Education and Training, and Public Administration and Safety, as being predominantly non-market in nature. Non-market economic activity occurs when goods and services are provided to consumers free of charge, or at highly subsidised prices.
Non-market measurement is important given the sizeable contribution it makes to the Australian economy. These three industries contribute 17% of Australia’s gross value added² and provide 3,875,200 jobs³. This research is also a step along the road to being able to measure productivity for non-market industries, which will help governments assess the ‘value for money’ received through the provision of public services.
ABS is currently enhancing estimates of six non-market service areas:
• Hospital services;
• Ambulance services;
• Disability services;
• Aged care services;
• School education (pre-school, primary, secondary and special needs education); and
• University education.
The initial focus is on hospital services and school education.
## The measurement problem
Measuring non-market activity is difficult because of a lack of meaningful prices. Here is the measurement problem, explained with an illustration:
Market prices allow the output of different products to be weighted appropriately in aggregation. For instance, imagine that comparing the market prices of cars and bicycles tells us that a car is worth 100 times more than a bicycle. When we aggregate across all products to estimate GDP, each car produced will carry 100 times the weight of each bicycle made. The prices of individual products are needed to derive indicators of relative value – or, weights – which are essential in aggregating the spectrum of all goods and services into a single measure of total output.
When there are no prices, it is difficult to weight the output of products. For instance, we might intuitively assume that a brain surgery procedure provided by public hospitals is more valuable to society than a hernia repair and should ‘count’ for more in aggregation, but we can’t tell by how much, because both services are provided to the consumer free of charge. It is difficult to aggregate brain surgeries with hernia repairs, because no price information exists to weight them.
There are a range of measurement options outlined in the System of National Accounts that are available in the absence of market prices⁴. One option is to assume that the quantity of output produced is equal to the quantity of inputs consumed in producing them. For example, the inputs to a public school include salaries paid to teachers, administrators and ancillary staff, as well as materials and supplies that are used up in production. Under this scenario, if public school teachers earn a real pay rise, meaning input costs increase, it would imply that there has been an increase in output, even if the service being provided is unchanged (for instance, if there is no change to the number of teachers employed or the number of students enrolled). Since outputs and inputs are highly correlated under this approach, productivity growth cannot meaningfully be estimated.
A second measurement option is to model a set of ‘pseudo’ price indexes for various types of non-market output. These ‘pseudo’ price indexes would then serve as the aggregation weights, similar to the cars and bicycles example outlined earlier. The indexes would theoretically reflect the prices that would be paid for non-market output, if prices existed. An example might be to model the market value of a tonsillectomy provided in a public hospital, and then estimate how this value changes over time.
A third measurement option, which is conceptually equivalent to the second option described above, is to estimate the growth in the quantity of different types of non-market output, and then explicitly adjust them for perceived changes in quality over time. Examples of explicit quality adjustment might include accounting for improvements in school test scores over time, or adjusting for changes in hospital waiting periods over time.
A final fourth possibility is to use the costs of production to drive the aggregation weights. It might be difficult to determine by how much more society values public hospital brain surgeries compared to hernia repairs in terms of the prices paid by consumers, but expenditure data permits an objective way to determine how much more expensive one procedure is to perform compared to the other.
When data is appropriately stratified, this approach allows quality change over time to be implicitly reflected as the cost weights change over time. For example, if tonsillectomies previously required an overnight hospital stay, but technological progress now means they can be performed as ‘day’ surgery, the procedure now costs less to perform than it did before. Implicitly, this is an improvement in quality. Differentiating the overall service into homogenous pieces via stratification allows the concept of utility to be reflected in the statistics, the only drawback being that it is observed from the perspective of the producer and not the consumer. It also means that observed data can be used to compile the aggregation weights as opposed to estimating or modelling them.
ABS will be pursuing the fourth option. This is considered to be international best practice in terms of compiling national accounts statistics.
## Outputs and outcomes
The ABS’ non-market economic activity work is focused on enhancing measures of the output of the Health and Education industries. The distinction between outputs and outcomes is important. Some examples of this distinction include:
• The output of a hospital is the value of the service performed by surgeons, nursing staff and other health professionals in detecting and treating disease. Outcomes can be measured in terms of a patient changed life expectancy or their ‘satisfaction’ with their treatment.
• The output of ambulance services is the value of the paramedic and transportation services provided to patients. Outcomes can be thought of as the effect of the service on the health and wellbeing of an individual, and can be measured in terms of response times and clinically meaningful pain reduction.
• The output of schools encompasses the value of the teaching and administrative services provided by education professionals which impart knowledge to students as reflected in the number of students being educated. Outcomes are the impact on student intelligence and welfare, which could conceivably be measured through an analysis of standardised test scores, or expected lifetime future earnings.
The distinction between outputs and outcomes with respect to health and education activity is further explained in Schreyer (2010)⁵.
## Methodological approach
The objectives are to construct annual chain-linked Laspeyres-based index series that show growth in the volume⁶ of non-market output over time. Similar to the chain volume measures that underpin the Australian national accounts, these indexes will be reweighted annually. The key difference is that the aggregation weights will be constructed from relative costs of production instead of relative prices.
By way of example, the ABS aims to construct a volume index of the output of school education by aggregating lower-level index series. These lower-level series will be compiled from source data stratified as follows:
• Jurisdiction (state, territory);
• School type (pre-school / primary / secondary / special needs); and
• Affiliation (government / non-government).
The variables and stratification choices for each of the topics will differ according to the nature of the topic and the types of available data sources, but the approaches for each will be conceptually aligned to the example below.
### Example
If the symbols, i, j, and k represent Jurisdiction, School type and Affiliation respectively, we compile:
Output volume indexes for each school type, and affiliation:
$$\Large L_{jk}^t = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^8 {\left[ {\left( {\frac{{f_{ijk}^t}}{{f_{ijk}^{t = 1}}}} \right)*\left( {e_{ijk}^{t - 1}/\sum\nolimits_i {e_{ijk}^{t - 1}} } \right)} \right]}$$---------- (1)
Output volume indexes aggregated to the level of affiliations:
$$\Large L_k^t = \sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^4 {\left[ {\left( {L_{jk}^t} \right)*\left( {e_{jk}^{t - 1}/\sum\nolimits_j {e_{jk}^{t - 1}} } \right)} \right]}$$---------- (2)
Where $$\Large e_{jk}^{t - 1} = \sum\nolimits_i {e_{ijk}^{t - 1}}$$
Total output volume index:
$$\Large {L^t} = \sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^2 {\left[ {\left( {L_k^t} \right)*\left( {E_k^{t - 1}/\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^2 {E_k^{t - 1}} } \right)} \right]}$$---------- (3)
Note:
$$\Large f_{ijk}^t$$=quantity in stratum (i, j, k) at time $$\Large t$$
$$\Large f_{ijk}^{t - 1}$$=quantity in stratum (i, j, k) at time $$\Large t-1$$
$$\Large e_{ijk}^{t - 1}$$=cost of weight in stratum (i, j, k) at time $$\Large t-1$$
In other words, the first set of equations takes quantity data and cost weights for each school type in each State/Territory, and aggregates them to create a volume index for each school type.
The second set of equations takes quantity data and cost weights by affiliation (government and non-government), and aggregates to create a volume index for each of the affiliations.
The final equation takes the two aggregate equations for each of the affiliations, and combines them to create an overall education volume index for Australia.
The indexes will be chain linked at each stage of the compilation, i.e., at equations 1, 2 and 3.
## Update on progress
The section below describes progress in measuring each of the six non-market service areas listed earlier. It outlines the data landscape, stakeholder engagement, opportunities and challenges presented by the available data, and next steps.
### Hospital services
A majority of hospital expenditure is on admitted patient care, where patients undergo a formal admission process. The ABS recently published some research on admitted patient care⁷, where admissions were stratified by principal diagnosis (using the International Classification of Diseases) and patient age. Research is now focused on investigating ways to compile a more holistic view of hospital activity by incorporating the two other major streams of hospital activity - emergency department activity, and non-admitted patient care.
Inclusion of emergency department and non-admitted patient care in the output measure is important in the context of capturing shifts across different types of care over time. For example, a shift from admitted care to non-admitted care can be considered an efficiency gain if the latter costs less but can achieve the same or a better outcome. These shifts can be partially captured through annual updating relative cost weights across different types of care.
Emergency department care and non-admitted patient care are provided mainly in public hospitals. Private hospital activity in these areas is not being pursued as it is estimated to represent less than 4% of non-admitted events in 2016-17⁸.
ABS is working closely with the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) who collect data for emergency department activity and non-admitted care. AIHW publishes the number of emergency department presentations and non-admitted care occasions or events back to 1994-95. The Independent Hospital Pricing Authority (IHPA) publishes cost weights for emergency department and non-admitted care by relevant classifications back to 2009-10. These cost weights can be used for constructing indexes.
There are challenges in relation to tracking patients through the hospital system. For instance, if a patient is treated as an admitted patient and is then subsequently treated for the same condition as a non-admitted patient, this conceptually represents one treatment but it would be 'counted' twice in the source data. Constructing an integrated dataset that links all three types of care from patient level records is not statistically practical at this time.
It is therefore more realistic to construct separate quantity indexes for emergency department care and non-admitted patient care, with these indexes aggregated with the admitted care index to produce a quantity index for total hospital activity.
Additional challenges arise from variations in the scope and coverage of the available cost data for emergency department and non-admitted care over time, as well as from changes in classifications and coding standards in reporting of emergency department and non-admitted care activity.
Two options exist for measuring growth in emergency department activity. One involves stratification using the Urgency Related Group (URG) classification, whereas an alternative is to regroup the data by triage and ICD chapter. These options are currently being worked through. One benefit of mapping from URG to ICD is that it is stratified similarly to admitted care, but a drawback is that the mapping is approximate, and refinements will be required.
Data for non-admitted care provided by hospitals is classified by the IHPA's Tier 2 classification, which reflects the nature of the service provided and the type of clinician providing the service. Again, there are two stratification alternatives - to use the Tier 2 classification as is, or to map to ICD. The pros, cons and limitations of each option are similar to those applying to emergency care.
There is a lack of expenditure data to match the level of details of activity prior to 2009-10, which means that historical quantity indexes for emergency department activity and non-admitted care will likely have to be constructed from aggregates prior to this year. This will make it difficult to capture shifts across different types of emergency and non-admitted treatment in earlier years.
In addition, ABS aspires to extend the time series on admitted care back to 1994-95, though there are challenges in doing so, not least of which is sourcing relevant datasets.
The benefit of using a finer disaggregation of diagnosis-based data for admitted patient care has been considered. In theory, lower level detail is better for controlling for compositional changes. However, in practice, the benefit is limited by variability in source data quality over time. It is considered that the significant investment in data acquisition, mapping and repair needed for a lower level of disaggregation would not justify the analytical benefit.
The ABS is in the process of compiling a set of experimental indexes covering emergency department activity and non-admitted patient care. Variation in source data scope and coverage are challenges currently being dealt with.
By June 2020, ABS intends to have refined and published the indexes covering emergency department and non-admitted patient services, and aggregated them with indexes for admitted patient care. This aggregated index will reflect a holistic view of hospital services, and is intended to support improvements to the annual national accounts in 2021.
### Ambulance services
The vast majority of ambulance services in Australia are publicly funded. Privately funded ambulatory services will be excluded from this study for reasons of immateriality.
The ABS already compiles a directly observed quantity indicator of ambulance services. This is primarily compiled from data sourced from the ROGS, where the quantity metric is the number of patients treated (whether subsequently transported to hospital or not).
The primary data source is likely to be the Productivity Commission's Report on Government Services (ROGS)⁹. The ROGS data covers public ambulance services and is available on a State/Territory basis. It covers both urban and rural services, as well as services provided by salaried staff as well as volunteers. Amongst a range of other metrics, it captures the expenditures incurred at the State level to provide ambulance services, as well as the number of incidents, which are further categorised into emergency, urgent and non-emergency.
Measurement alternatives include the number of patients treated, the number of incidents requiring ambulatory services (an incident is defined as an event that results in a demand for ambulance services to respond), or the number of responses (defined as the number of vehicles sent to incidents). Using the number of responses would include output produced when a vehicle is dispatched to an incident, irrespective of whether patients are subsequently treated or not.
The ROGS notes that "The role of paramedics is expanding to include the assessment and management of patients with minor illnesses and injuries to avoid transport to hospital." While this objective tends to increase the expenditure per person on ambulances, it has the tendency to deliver downstream savings by reducing hospital admissions as well as reducing the burden on hospitals.
The percentage of patients not transported to hospital has increased over the past decade, reflecting an increase in paramedics treating patients at the scene. This reflects increased capability of paramedics (underpinned by improvements in training and equipment) as well as actions to reduce hospital emergency congestion. Therefore, the volume index needs to be interpreted in the context that the role of the paramedic has changed over time in pursuit of a broader goal, rather than becoming less efficient over time.
There is currently 10 years of data available and analysis is indicating that aggregate indicators were not sensitive to cost weighted aggregation across states instead of total unweighted numbers, so the totals will be used directly. Further analysis is expected to be published in June 2020, with implementation into national accounts and productivity statistics to follow in 2021.
While compositional change at the State level of activity can be captured, the ABS will investigate whether cost weights are available by severity of incident (i.e. costs incurred on emergency incidents versus urgent incidents and non-emergency incidents) within each State. We will explore whether further disaggregation can improve the quality of the aggregate output volume index for ambulances.
The ROGS data on ambulances also includes statistics on performance metrics, including service response times (both in terms of time taken to respond to triple-zero calls for assistance and in time taken to physically respond to emergency incidents). It also includes data on the extent to which patients reported a clinically meaningful reduction in pain from paramedic services, as well as survey-based patient experience metrics. These data could potentially be used to underpin a first experimental foray into explicit quality adjustment in the future.
### Disability services
ABS has sourced data from AIHW that covers the activities of the NDA. It contains the number of service users and hours of services received, alongside key variables such as service type, age, and jurisdiction. The dataset also contains staff hours worked. This dataset can be used in combination with ROGS data on expenditure by jurisdiction by service group to estimate output volume growth. Some initial experimental analysis has been undertaken using NDA data, using service type as the key stratification variable.
ABS has also obtained detailed data from the NDIS, but exploration of this data in terms of measuring output volumes is still in its infancy.
The analysis will focus on the specialist disability services provided under the National Disability Agreement (NDA) and the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). These services encompass disability supported accommodation, respite and community support services such as therapy, early childhood interventions, life skills and case management.
The NDA, formerly the Commonwealth State and Territory Disability Agreement (CSTDA), is a high-level agreement between the Commonwealth and State governments around the provision of disability services to people with disability. It is a framework that sets out the roles and responsibilities of each level of government in supporting people with disability. NDA data extends back to 2003-04.
The NDIS began rolling out in 2013-14, with clients of the NDA being progressively transitioned across to the NDIS. This transitioning process is expected to be complete by the end of 2019-20.
Clearly, disability care is an important measurement objective, especially given the expected ongoing increase in demand for assistance following the rollout of the NDIS. However, there are a number of significant measurement challenges.
Disability care is not identified as an industry in the Australian industry classification, nor are disability products identified in the product classifications that underpin Australia's national accounts. It follows that to implement any improvements in measuring disability care in the national accounts and productivity statistics, output will need to be mapped to existing product and industry classifications. This will make it difficult to 'see' disability care in the accounts. However, policymakers, businesses and employees that provide disability services view it as if it was an industry. For research purposes, the ABS will estimate disability care output as if it was an industry in its own right.
As pointed out in the ROGS, there are difficulties in drawing the boundaries between disability care and aged care, especially given they often overlap. Both disability care and aged care have similar goals, but with different programs. The ABS is assuming that the datasets used to measure disability care and aged care accurately reflect the scopes of the two activities, with no additional adjustment required.
Further, there are difficulties in constructing a seamless time series as the rollout of the NDIS is taking place before the NDA closes. Preliminary analysis shows a marked increase in the aggregate provision of disability services early in the life of the NDIS, but care is required to make sure the NDA and NDIS datasets are combined correctly.
The ABS will continue working through the issues raised above with a view to publishing a comprehensive volume index time series representing growth in output of disability services. Owing to the complexity involved, this work is not expected to be completed by June 2020.
### Aged care services
Research into enhancing measurement of government-funded aged care services output is still in early stages of development, with the first phase of the work involving understanding the data landscape. The ABS’ investigation into improving this area of measurement will focus on the two most significant streams of aged care services: residential care and home-based care services.
While aged care services are supported by government funding, they are generally delivered by non-government service providers such as religious organisations, charitable organisations, and private-for-profit organisations. In terms of calculating cost weights, it is likely that the weights will reflect government funding only, and not necessarily the full economic cost of service provision.
The National Aged Care Data Clearinghouse (NACDC) holds data on the number of clients, classified by variables such as State, age bracket and type of care, and expenditure data is likely to be sourced from ROGS. Conversations are underway with AIHW and the Department of Health with a view to bringing together an integrated, holistic dataset matching the specifications required.
The ABS aims to construct a volume index of total output provided by the aged care services industry. However, given research for this topic is still in its infancy, the extent to which this index will implicitly capture quality change is still to be determined.
### School education
The ABS' investigation into improving its measures of school output volumes covers all streams of school-based education: pre-school, primary, secondary, and special needs education. Government schools, which deliver the majority of these services, are non-market.
The two main building blocks are student enrolment data (on a full-time equivalent basis) and school expenditure data. The enrolment data represents the quantity variable whereas the expenditure data underpins the cost weights.
As outlined earlier in the paper, the output indexes for schools will be built up by school type (pre-school, primary, secondary, and special needs), by jurisdiction (i.e. State/ Territory), and by affiliation (i.e. government / non-government). As the main focus of this work is to enhance measures of non-market activity, no attempt will be made to disaggregate non-government school activity into sub-categorisations such as religious affiliation.
Most of the student enrolments data at the above level of granularity is collected by the ABS¹⁰, except for special needs school education. In terms of compiling comparable indexes for primary and secondary schools, expenditure data presents a challenge, especially for non-government schools. There are a range of data possibilities for expenditure data, including ABS’ Government Finance Statistics data¹¹, statistics from the ROGS, and Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. The ABS is also examining whether it can repurpose some of its own survey data for this exercise for non-government schools, with a prime candidate being the dataset underpinning the annual Australian Industry publication¹².
Enrolments data by individual school year of enrolment is available for primary and secondary schools, but the ABS is currently unable to stratify by year of enrolment. The lowest level of expenditure data currently available is total primary (which, for most jurisdictions, groups kindergarten to year 6) and total secondary (years 7 to 12). No published information has been found which shows how much each individual year of school education costs relative to other years, and in some cases (especially for schools which provide continuous education from kindergarten to year 12), obtaining a primary/secondary split is not possible.
Without an appropriate data source, the ABS intends to explore possibilities around modelling expenditure by individual school year, as well as enhancing the accuracy of the enrolments data by adjusting it for student absentee rates.
Additional challenges currently being worked through involve accessing expenditure and enrolments data for special needs schools, as well as historical enrolments data for pre-schools.
The ABS plans to extend this analysis to cover all school types by constructing a volume index of total school output. It is expected that indexes for pre-school, primary and secondary education will be completed by June 2020, though refinements around stratification by individual school year and accounting for absenteeism will not be incorporated by this time. Designing an output volume index for special needs schools is likely to extend beyond June 2020.
### Tertiary education
Research into enhancing ABS' measures of output for the tertiary education industry is in early stages, with the first phase of work involving a sweep of the data landscape. Analysis is focused on the public universities, which the ABS considers to be, on balance, non-market activity. Adult, vocational and community education providers are excluded from this exercise, as are private sector universities.
The volume indicator currently used by ABS is a headcount of the number of students enrolled at university. Opportunities exist for us to refine this metric by:
• valuing the non-tuition output of universities, such as research papers and books.
Universities also engage in R&D partnerships with the private sector. This aspect of university output is difficult to observe and measure, so the ABS will implicitly assume that this strand of R&D activity grows at the same rate as the combined growth of tuition and research output.
At this stage, the most promising option for measuring tuition output is by utilising student load statistics (Equivalent Full-Time Student Load (EFTSL)) from the Department of Education, disaggregated by university.
The most likely path for measuring research output would be the count of published research output, disaggregated by university, also available from the Department of Education.
Both of these outputs will be cost adjusted using university-level expenditure data from the Department of Education. By utilising data on staff hired for teaching versus research purposes, the total costs for each university can be decomposed into a teaching and research component, and these costs will serve as the cost weights for the output index for tuition and research respectively. This will be premised on the assumption that the ratio of teaching to research staff reflects the university’s ratio of teaching to research costs.
This disaggregation of costs will also allow the two volume indexes to be weighted together to derive a volume index covering total university output.
In addition to the above, the ABS is investigating possibilities to obtain expenditure differences across postgraduate and undergraduate programs, which can then serve as an additional dimension for disaggregation and would capture the notion that postgraduate qualifications reflect a higher quality in education output relative to an undergraduate qualification.
The Department of Education has recently commenced publishing expenditure and activity statistics disaggregated by broad academic discipline, but it is limited by the lack of a lengthy time series, and a lack of full coverage. Stratification by discipline could become possible in the future as this dataset matures.
Over the period to June 2020, the ABS will explore stratification options with a view to designing the most appropriate indicator possible. As mentioned in the 'roadmap' paper, the challenges of measuring output volume growth in the university sector are complex, and it is not anticipated that this work will be completed by June 2020.
## Conclusions
A further paper will be published by June 2020 which will present some preliminary results, as well as outlining a plan for implementing the new measures in the Australian national accounts and productivity statistics.
For further queries please email <[email protected]>.
## Selected references
### Show all
Atkinson, T., 2005, “Atkinson Review: Final Report – Measurement of Government Output and Productivity for the National Accounts”, United Kingdom
Clemmensen, A. J., 2017, “Quality Adjustment of Hospital Services”, Statistics Denmark
Diewert, W. E., 2011, “Measuring productivity in the public sector: Some conceptual problems”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol 36 no 2 pp 177-191
Gemmell, G., Nolan, P. and Scobie, G., 2017, “Estimating Quality-Adjusted Productivity in Tertiary Education: Methods and Evidence for New Zealand”, Victoria University
Gibbs, T., 2017, “Sources and Methods: Public service productivity estimates: Education”, Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom
Gu, W. and Morin, S., 2014, “Experimental Measures of Output and Productivity in the Canadian Hospital Sector, 2002 to 2010”, University of Chicago
Gu, W. and Wong, A., 2012, “Measuring the Economic Output of the Education Sector in the National Accounts”, Statistics Canada
Harris, L. and Martin, J., 2019, “A guide to quality adjustment in public service productivity measures”, Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom
Lewis, J., 2019, “Public service productivity: adult social care, sources and methods, 2019 update”, Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom
Lewis, J. 2019, “Public service productivity estimates: Healthcare QMI”, Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom
Luo, Q., 2018, “Disease Based Output Measures for Hospitals”, ABS Chief Economist series
New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2018, “Improving State Sector Productivity”
New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2018, “Measuring State Sector Productivity”
Productivity Commission, 2019, “Report on Government Services”
Schreyer, P., 2010, “Towards Measuring the Volume Output of Education and Health Services: A Handbook”, OECD Statistics Working Papers 2010/02, OECD
Trewin, D., 2004, “Measurement of Services: Recent ABS experience”, Statistical Journal of the United National Economic Commission for Europe, vol 21, pp 277-290
United Nations, 2008, System of National Accounts
York, J. 2010, “The Devil Is In The Detail: Demonstrating the Impact of Measurement Choices on Inputs to Government Sector Productivity”, Statistics New Zealand
## Footnotes
### Show all
4 System of National Accounts 2008, paragraph 15.116 to 15.125.
6 A ‘volume’ index series can be thought of as a quantity index series, adjusted for quality change.
7 https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/ABS+Chief+Economist+-+Disease+Based+Output+Measures+for+Hospitals
8 In-house estimate based on https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/4390.0Main+Features12016-17?OpenDocument
## Appendix
### Criteria used to select the different topics for investigation
This paper provides an update on ABS research into enhancing measures of non-market output volumes produced by the Health and Education industries. Criteria have been used to select which specific services have been selected for investigation thus far, including:
• the size of a particular health or education service;
• prevalence of market versus non-market activity within a particular health or education service;
• availability of data used to generate volume indices; and
• public policy interest.
Figure 1 shows the majority of Education output (in current prices) comes from Tertiary education (27% of total Education output). Primary education (24%) and then Secondary education (23%) comprise the second and third largest shares. The 'Remaining education services' category includes adult education, vocational education, sports and physical recreation instruction.
For Health services, Hospitals (25%) and Aged care (21%) comprise the largest shares of total output (in current prices). Ambulance services have a relatively small share of total health output at 2%. However this component of the research has been very beneficial in terms of data availability. The 'Remaining health services' category covers activity that is predominantly market in nature, including dental, physiotherapy, general practice and specialist medical and pathology services. | 2021-07-25T04:07:43 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.1794072389602661, "perplexity": 3266.6120596038813}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151563.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725014052-20210725044052-00575.warc.gz"} |
https://large-numbers.fandom.com/wiki/%CE%95%E2%82%80 | ## FANDOM
1,078 Pages
$$\varepsilon_0$$ (pronounced "epsilon-zero", "epsilon-null" or "epsilon-nought") is a small countable ordinal, defined as the first fixed point of the function $$\alpha \mapsto \omega^\alpha$$. It can also be equivalently defined in several other ways:
• Smallest ordinal not expressible in Cantor normal form using strictly smaller exponents.
• The proof-theoretic ordinal of Peano arithmetic and ACA0 (arithmetical comprehension, a subsystem of second-order arithmetic).
• Informal visualizations: $$\omega^{\omega^{\omega^{.^{.^.}}}}$$ or $$\omega \uparrow\uparrow \omega$$ or $$\omega \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 2$$
• The second fixed point of $$x\mapsto2^x$$.
• $$\psi_0(\Omega)$$ using Buchholz notation
• $$\psi(0)$$ using Madore’s notation
Using the Wainer hierarchy:
$$f_{\varepsilon_0}(n)$$ is comparable to the Goodstein function and Goucher's T(n) function.
## Higher epsilon numbers and the Veblen hierarchy Edit
The function $$\alpha \mapsto \varepsilon_\alpha$$ enumerates the fixed points of the exponential map $$\alpha \mapsto \omega^\alpha$$. Thus $$\varepsilon_1$$ is the next fixed point of the exponential map. Formally:
• $$\varepsilon_0=\text{min}\{\alpha|\alpha=\omega^\alpha\}=\text{sup}\{0,1,\omega, \omega^\omega, \omega^{\omega^\omega},...\}$$
• $$\varepsilon_{\alpha+1}=\text{min}\{\beta|\beta=\omega^\beta\wedge\beta>\varepsilon_\alpha\}=\text{sup}\{\varepsilon_\alpha+1,\omega^{\varepsilon_\alpha+1}, \omega^{\omega^{\varepsilon_\alpha+1}},...\}$$
• $$\varepsilon_{\alpha}=\text{sup}\{\varepsilon_{\beta}|\beta<\alpha\}$$ if $$\alpha$$ is a limit ordinal.
This definition gives the following fundamental sequences for epsilon numbers:
• if $$\alpha=\varepsilon_0$$ then $$\alpha[0]=0$$ and $$\alpha[n+1]=\omega^{\alpha[n]}$$
• if $$\alpha=\varepsilon_{\beta+1}$$ then $$\alpha[0]=\varepsilon_\beta+1$$ and $$\alpha[n+1]=\omega^{\alpha[n]}$$
• if $$\alpha=\varepsilon_{\beta}$$ and $$\beta$$ is a limit ordinal then $$\alpha[n]=\varepsilon_{\beta[n]}$$
The limit of the epsilon numbers is the first fixed point of $$\alpha \mapsto \varepsilon_\alpha$$. This ordinal is called $$\zeta_0$$ (zeta-zero) or Cantor's ordinal, and $$\zeta_\alpha$$ enumerates the fixed points of $$\alpha \mapsto \varepsilon_\alpha$$.
Since we do not have an infinite number of Greek letters, we generalize this using a series of functions that form the Veblen hierarchy. Each function enumerates the fixed points of the previous one. Formally:
• $$\varphi_0(\alpha) = \omega^\alpha$$
• $$\varphi_\beta(\alpha)$$ is the $$(1+\alpha)$$th fixed point of $$\varphi_\gamma$$ for all $$\gamma < \beta$$
The first ordinal inaccessible through this two-argument Veblen hierarchy is the Feferman–Schütte ordinal.
## Edit
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. | 2019-12-10T22:07:51 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9794184565544128, "perplexity": 768.9335531744401}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540529006.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20191210205200-20191210233200-00430.warc.gz"} |
http://dergipark.gov.tr/jetas/issue/33382/372850 | Yıl 2017, Cilt 2, Sayı 3, Sayfalar 121 - 129 2017-12-30
| | | |
## Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method
#### Mehmet Fatih Karaaslan [1]
##### 264 241
This paper is concerned with numerically solving of a nonlocal fractional boundary value prob-lem (NFBVP) by hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method (HDG). The HDG methods have been successfully applied to ordinary or partial differential equations in an efficient way through a hybridization procedure. These methods reduce the globally coupled unknowns to approximations at the element boundaries. The stability parameter has to be suitably defined to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the approximate solution. Some numerical examples are given to show the performance of the HDG method for NFBVP.
Hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods, nonlocal fractional boundary value problem, stability parameter, hybridization
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• [22] Cockburn, Bernardo, and Wujun Zhang. “A posteriori error analysis for hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for second order elliptic problems.” SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 51, no.1 (2013): 676-693.
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Birincil Dil en Matematik Research Article Yazar: Mehmet Fatih Karaaslan (Sorumlu Yazar)Ülke: Turkey
Bibtex @araştırma makalesi { jetas372850, journal = {Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2548-0391}, address = {Muhammet KURULAY}, year = {2017}, volume = {2}, pages = {121 - 129}, doi = {10.30931/jetas.372850}, title = {Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method}, key = {cite}, author = {Karaaslan, Mehmet Fatih} } APA Karaaslan, M . (2017). Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 2 (3), 121-129. DOI: 10.30931/jetas.372850 MLA Karaaslan, M . "Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method". Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 2 (2017): 121-129 Chicago Karaaslan, M . "Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method". Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 2 (2017): 121-129 RIS TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method AU - Mehmet Fatih Karaaslan Y1 - 2017 PY - 2017 N1 - doi: 10.30931/jetas.372850 DO - 10.30931/jetas.372850 T2 - Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 121 EP - 129 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - -2548-0391 M3 - doi: 10.30931/jetas.372850 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.30931/jetas.372850 Y2 - 2017 ER - EndNote %0 Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method %A Mehmet Fatih Karaaslan %T Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method %D 2017 %J Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences %P -2548-0391 %V 2 %N 3 %R doi: 10.30931/jetas.372850 %U 10.30931/jetas.372850 ISNAD Karaaslan, Mehmet Fatih . "Numerical Solution of a Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problem By HDG Method". Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 2 / 3 (Aralık 2017): 121-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.30931/jetas.372850 | 2019-01-24T07:28:52 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.2375289797782898, "perplexity": 10386.5801045268}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584519382.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20190124055924-20190124081924-00368.warc.gz"} |
http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.11 | # §22.11 Fourier and Hyperbolic Series
Throughout this section and are defined as in §22.2.
If , then
Next, if , then
In (22.11.7)–(22.11.12) the left-hand sides are replaced by their limiting values at the poles of the Jacobian functions.
Next, with denoting the complete elliptic integral of the second kind (§19.2(ii)) and ,
Similar expansions for and follow immediately from (22.6.1).
For further Fourier series see Oberhettinger (1973, pp. 23–27).
A related hyperbolic series is
where is defined by §19.2.9. Again, similar expansions for and may be derived via (22.6.1). See Dunne and Rao (2000). | 2013-05-18T12:11:32 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.976504385471344, "perplexity": 2440.388045925939}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382396/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00059-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10354660-fluid-simulations-cosmic-ray-modified-shocks | Fluid simulations of cosmic ray-modified shocks
ABSTRACT Cosmic ray (CR)-modified shocks are a demanding test of numerical codes. We use them to test and validate the two-moment method for CR hydrodynamics, as well as characterize the realism of CR shock acceleration in two-fluid simulations which inevitably arises. Previously, numerical codes were unable to incorporate streaming in this demanding regime, and have never been compared against analytic solutions. First, we find a new analytic solution highly discrepant in acceleration efficiency from the standard solution. It arises from bi-directional streaming of CRs away from the subshock, similar to a Zeldovich spike in radiative shocks. Since fewer CRs diffuse back upstream, this favours a much lower acceleration efficiency, typically ${\lesssim}10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (even for Mach number > 10) as opposed to ${\gtrsim}50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ found in previous analytic work. At Mach number ≳10, the new solution bifurcates into three branches, with efficient, intermediate, and inefficient CR acceleration. Our two-moment code accurately recovers these solutions across the entire parameter space probed, with no ad hoc closure relations. For generic initial conditions, the inefficient branch is robustly chosen by the code; the intermediate branch is unstable. The preferred branch is very weakly modified by CRs. At high Mach numbers more »
Authors:
; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10354660
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume:
506
Issue:
3
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
3282 to 3300
ISSN:
0035-8711
1. ABSTRACT We report three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of shocks (${\cal M_{\rm shock}}\ge 4$) interacting with fractal multicloud layers. The evolution of shock–multicloud systems consists of four stages: a shock-splitting phase in which reflected and refracted shocks are generated, a compression phase in which the forward shock compresses cloud material, an expansion phase triggered by internal heating and shock re-acceleration, and a mixing phase in which shear instabilities generate turbulence. We compare multicloud layers with narrow ($\sigma _{\rho }=1.9\bar{\rho }$) and wide ($\sigma _{\rho }=5.9\bar{\rho }$) lognormal density distributions characteristic of Mach ≈ 5 supersonic turbulence driven by solenoidal and compressive modes. Our simulations show that outflowing cloud material contains imprints of the density structure of their native environments. The dynamics and disruption of multicloud systems depend on the porosity and the number of cloudlets in the layers. ‘Solenoidal’ layers mix less, generate less turbulence, accelerate faster, and form a more coherent mixed-gas shell than the more porous ‘compressive’ layers. Similarly, multicloud systems with more cloudlets quench mixing via a shielding effect and enhance momentum transfer. Mass loading of diffuse mixed gas is efficient in all models, but direct dense gas entrainment is highly inefficient. Dense gas only survives in compressive clouds,more »
2. We have performed two-dimensional hybrid simulations of non-relativistic collisionless shocks in the presence of pre-existing energetic particles (‘seeds’); such a study applies, for instance, to the re-acceleration of galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks and solar wind energetic particles in heliospheric shocks. Energetic particles can be effectively reflected and accelerated regardless of shock inclination via a process that we call diffusive shock re-acceleration. We find that re-accelerated seeds can drive the streaming instability in the shock upstream and produce effective magnetic field amplification. This can eventually trigger the injection of thermal protons even at oblique shocks that ordinarily cannot inject thermal particles. We characterize the current in reflected seeds, finding that it tends to a universal value $J\simeq en_{\text{CR}}v_{\text{sh}}$ , where $en_{\text{CR}}$ is the seed charge density and $v_{\text{sh}}$ is the shock velocity. When applying our results to SNRs, we find that the re-acceleration of galactic CRs can excite the Bell instability to nonlinear levels in less than ${\sim}10~\text{yr}$ , thereby providing a minimum level of magnetic field amplification for any SNR shock. Finally, we discuss the relevance of diffusive shock re-acceleration also for other environments, such as heliospheric shocks, galactic superbubbles and clusters of galaxies.
We present the first simulations evolving resolved spectra of cosmic rays (CRs) from MeV–TeV energies (including electrons, positrons, (anti)protons, and heavier nuclei), in live kinetic-magnetohydrodynamics galaxy simulations with star formation and feedback. We utilize new numerical methods including terms often neglected in historical models, comparing Milky Way analogues with phenomenological scattering coefficients ν to Solar-neighbourhood [Local interstellar medium (LISM)] observations (spectra, B/C, e+/e−, $\mathrm{\bar{p}}/\mathrm{p}$, 10Be/9Be, ionization, and γ-rays). We show it is possible to reproduce observations with simple single-power-law injection and scattering coefficients (scaling with rigidity R), similar to previous (non-dynamical) calculations. We also find: (1) The circumgalactic medium in realistic galaxies necessarily imposes an $\sim 10\,$ kpc CR scattering halo, influencing the required ν(R). (2) Increasing the normalization of ν(R) re-normalizes CR secondary spectra but also changes primary spectral slopes, owing to source distribution and loss effects. (3) Diffusive/turbulent reacceleration is unimportant and generally sub-dominant to gyroresonant/streaming losses, which are sub-dominant to adiabatic/convective terms dominated by $\sim 0.1-1\,$ kpc turbulent/fountain motions. (4) CR spectra vary considerably across galaxies; certain features can arise from local structure rather than transport physics. (5) Systematic variation in CR ionization rates between LISM and molecular clouds (or Galactic position) arises naturally without invoking alternativemore »
5. ABSTRACT We present and study a large suite of high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations, using the FIRE-2 treatment of mechanical and radiative feedback from massive stars, together with explicit treatment of magnetic fields, anisotropic conduction and viscosity (accounting for saturation and limitation by plasma instabilities at high β), and cosmic rays (CRs) injected in supernovae shocks (including anisotropic diffusion, streaming, adiabatic, hadronic and Coulomb losses). We survey systems from ultrafaint dwarf ($M_{\ast }\sim 10^{4}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, $M_{\rm halo}\sim 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) through Milky Way/Local Group (MW/LG) masses, systematically vary uncertain CR parameters (e.g. the diffusion coefficient κ and streaming velocity), and study a broad ensemble of galaxy properties [masses, star formation (SF) histories, mass profiles, phase structure, morphologies, etc.]. We confirm previous conclusions that magnetic fields, conduction, and viscosity on resolved ($\gtrsim 1\,$ pc) scales have only small effects on bulk galaxy properties. CRs have relatively weak effects on all galaxy properties studied in dwarfs ($M_{\ast } \ll 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, $M_{\rm halo} \lesssim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$), or at high redshifts (z ≳ 1–2), for any physically reasonable parameters. However, at higher masses ($M_{\rm halo} \gtrsim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) and z ≲ 1–2, CRs can suppress SF and stellar masses by factorsmore » | 2023-02-07T00:56:34 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7434360384941101, "perplexity": 5307.193720466963}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": false, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500368.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207004322-20230207034322-00652.warc.gz"} |
http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.11 | # §11.11 Asymptotic Expansions of Anger–Weber Functions
## §11.11(ii) Large , Fixed
If is fixed, and in in such a way that is bounded away from the set of all integers, then
If , then (11.10.29) applies for , and
## §11.11(iii) Large , Fixed
For fixed ,
Also, as ,
and
uniformly for bounded real values of . For the Scorer function see §9.12(i).
All of (11.11.10)–(11.11.17) can be regarded as special cases of two asymptotic expansions given in Olver (1997b, pp. 352–357) for as , one being uniform for , where again denotes an arbitrary small positive constant, and the other being uniform for . (Note that Olver’s definition of omits the factor in (11.10.4).) See also Watson (1944, §10.15).
Lastly, corresponding asymptotic approximations and expansions for and follow from (11.10.15) and (11.10.16) and the corresponding asymptotic expansions for the Bessel functions and ; see §10.19(ii). In particular, | 2013-06-19T23:21:11 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9741595387458801, "perplexity": 2094.5477342389813}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709805610/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131005-00047-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0726/97044449-t.html | ## Table of contents for Afternotes goes to graduate school : lectures on advanced numerical analysis : a series of lectures on advanced numerical analysis presented at the University of Maryland at College Park and recorded after the fact / G.W. Stewart.
Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog
Information from electronic data provided by the publisher. May be incomplete or contain other coding.
Part I. Approximation. Lecture 1. General observations; Decline and fall; The linear sine; Approximation in normed linear spaces; Significant differences; Lecture 2. The space C[0,1]; Existence of best approximations; Uniqueness of best approximations; Convergence in C[0,1]; The Weierstrass approximation theorem; Bernstein polynomials; Comments; Lecture 3. Chebyshev approximation; Uniqueness; Convergence of Chebyshev approximations; Rates of convergence; Part II. Linear and Cubic Splines. Lecture 10. Piecewise linear interpolation; The error in L(f); Approximations in the $\infty$-norm; Hat functions; Integration; Least squares approximation; Implementations issues; Lecture 11. Cubic splines; Derivation of the cubic spline; End conditions; Convergence; Locality; Part III. Eigensystems; Part III. Eigensystems; Part IV. Krylov Sequence Methods; Part V. Iterations, Linear and Nonlinear.
Library of Congress subject headings for this publication:
Numerical analysis. | 2019-08-19T05:13:51 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.44649386405944824, "perplexity": 6225.806543333133}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314641.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20190819032136-20190819054136-00415.warc.gz"} |
http://www.lanl.gov/projects/dense-plasma-theory/background/physical-regimes.php | Los Alamos National LaboratoryDense Plasma Theory
Microphysical properties of dense, strongly coupled, and quantum plasmas
# The Physical Regimes
The defining features of dense plasmas, such as the Coulomb coupling parameter, the quantum degeneracy parameter and the typical densities and temperatures.
Plasmas of interest to this project span a wide region of phase space in terms of density and temperature and require theoretical understanding from both traditional (classical) plasma physics as well as condensed matter (quantum) physics. For example we may consider the low temperature case of nearly free valence electrons of solid aluminum, or the high temperature case of fully ionized hydrogen near fusion ignition. Two parameters can in general describe our systems: the Coulomb coupling parameter and the degeneracy parameter.
## Coulomb coupling strength
The Coulomb coupling parameter $\Gamma=\frac{\langle E_{potential}\rangle}{\langle E_{kin}\rangle}$ is defined as the ratio of the mean potential energy per particle to the mean kinetic energy per particle. It measures the degree to which many-body interactions affect the dynamics of particles in the system. When $$\Gamma << 1$$, the system is weakly coupled: particles have enough kinetic energy to cruise through the system (the ideal gas limit corresponds to $$\Gamma=0$$). When $$\Gamma >> 1$$, interparticle interactions strongly affect the behavior of individual particles: the system is strongly coupled.
For a system of ions of charge $$Ze$$ at density $$n$$ and temperature $$T$$, $$\Gamma \equiv (Ze)^2/(a k_B {\rm T})$$ with $$a=(3/4\pi n)^{1/3}$$ is the Wigner-Seitz radius and $$k_B =$$ Boltzmann constant.
## Degeneracy parameter
Conduction electrons in a plasma can no longer be described by classical, point particles when their typical, average deBroglie wavelength known as the thermal deBroglie wavelength $$\lambda_{dB}=\frac{\hbar}{(2mk_BT)^{1/2}}$$ is no longer small compared with the average interparticle distance $$\Delta x$$ between electrons.
This occurs at high density when electrons get closer to each other or at low enough temperature in which case the thermal wave-length increases and wave packets increasingly overlap. Equivalently, this happens when the degeneracy parameter $\Theta=\frac{k_B T}{E_F}\sim\left(\frac{\lambda_{dB}}{a}\right)^{-2}$ defined as the ratio of the thermal energy $$k_B T$$ over the Fermi energy $$E_F=\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}(3\pi^2n)^{2/3}$$ is less than unity. For $$\theta >>1$$, the system is non-degenerate and quantum effects can be neglected (*). For $$\theta <<1$$ the system is degenerate and quantum effects are important. In particular, quantum mechanics must be used to describe the dynamics of electrons and one needs to account for the fermionic nature of electron: the Boltzmann statistics $$n_{B}(\epsilon)=e^{(\mu-\epsilon)/k_BT}$$ of single-particle states must be replaced with the Fermi-Dirac statistics $n_{FD}(\epsilon)=\frac{1}{1+e^{-(\mu-\epsilon)/k_BT}}\,,$where $$\mu$$ is the chemical potential. In the classical limit, $$\Theta\!<\!<\!1$$ , $$\mu/k_BT\to-\infty$$ and $$n_{FD}\to n_{B}$$. The effects of the quantum statistics are illustrated in the graphics below.
Lowering the temperature at constant density, the distribution of energy levels transitions from a smooth, widespread Boltzmann distribution to an increasingly steeper distribution at very low temperature. This affects the electron collisionality due to the Pauli blocking of electronic transitions.
Increasing the density at constant temperature, the number of high energy states increases and the distribution approaches a step function. This effect leads to the Fermi pressure responsible for the stability of old stars.
Note that, even in classical plasmas with $$\Theta>\!>1$$, the rare close collisions between electrons and ions are almost always quantum mechanical since $$\lambda_{dB}>r_c=\frac{Ze^2}{k_BT}$$, where $$r_c$$ is the distance of closest approach between an electron and an ion of charge $$Ze$$.
The regime where both $$\Gamma$$ and $$\theta$$ are near unity is one definition of so-called warm dense matter. This region is of particular difficulty for theoretic and computational methods since approximations of traditional plasma physics are no longer valid and methods of lower temperature condensed matter, such as Kohn-Sham density functional theory, become computationally prohibited.
Contacts | Media | Calendar | 2018-02-18T10:34:10 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.797374427318573, "perplexity": 412.8728997428759}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891811830.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180218100444-20180218120444-00237.warc.gz"} |
https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=M193&home=sumtabM | ${\boldsymbol {\boldsymbol c}}$ ${\boldsymbol {\overline{\boldsymbol c}}}$ MESONS(including possibly non- ${\boldsymbol {\boldsymbol q}}$ ${\boldsymbol {\overline{\boldsymbol q}}}$ states) INSPIRE search
# ${{\boldsymbol \chi}_{{c1}}{(4140)}}$ $I^G(J^{PC})$ = $0^+(1^{+ +})$
was ${{\mathit X}{(4140)}}$
This state shows properties different from a conventional ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ state. A candidate for an exotic structure. See the review on non- ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ states. Seen by AALTONEN 2009AH, ABAZOV 2014A, CHATRCHYAN 2014M, AAIJ 2017C in ${{\mathit B}^{+}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \chi}_{{c1}}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ , ${{\mathit \chi}_{{c1}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit J / \psi}}{{\mathit \phi}}$ , and by ABAZOV 2015M separately in both prompt (4.7 ${{\mathit \sigma}}$) and non-prompt (5.6 ${{\mathit \sigma}}$) production in ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit J / \psi}}{{\mathit \phi}}{+}$ anything. Not seen by SHEN 2010 in ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit J / \psi}}{{\mathit \phi}}$ and ABLIKIM 2015 in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}{{\mathit \phi}}$ at $\sqrt {s }$ = 4.23, 4.26, 4.36 GeV.
${{\mathit \chi}_{{c1}}{(4140)}}$ MASS $4146.8 \pm2.4$ MeV (S = 1.1)
${{\mathit \chi}_{{c1}}{(4140)}}$ WIDTH $22 {}^{+8}_{-7}$ MeV (S = 1.3) | 2020-10-23T02:25:25 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6697080135345459, "perplexity": 3009.9738099825227}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107880519.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20201023014545-20201023044545-00427.warc.gz"} |
https://math.libretexts.org/TextMaps/Number_Theory/Book%3A_Elementary_Number_Theory_(Raji)/3%3A_Congruences/3.5%3A_Theorems_of_Fermat%2C_Euler%2C_and_Wilson |
# 3.5: Theorems of Fermat, Euler, and Wilson
• Page ID
8835
•
$$\newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} }$$
$$\newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}}$$
In this section we present three applications of congruences. The first theorem is Wilson’s theorem which states that $$(p-1)!+1$$ is divisible by $$p$$, for $$p$$ prime. Next, we present Fermat’s theorem, also known as Fermat’s little theorem which states that $$a^p$$ and $$a$$ have the same remainders when divided by $$p$$ where $$p \nmid a$$. Finally we present Euler’s theorem which is a generalization of Fermat’s theorem and it states that for any positive integer $$m$$ that is relatively prime to an integer $$a$$,
$a^{\phi(m)}\equiv 1(mod \ m)$
where $$\phi$$ is Euler’s $$\phi$$-function. We start by proving a theorem about the inverse of integers modulo primes.
Theorem
Let $$p$$ be a prime. A positive integer $$m$$ is its own inverse modulo $$p$$ if and only if $$p$$ divides $$m+1$$ or $$p$$ divides $$m-1$$.
Suppose that $$m$$ is its own inverse. Thus $m.m\equiv 1(mod \ p).$ Hence $$p\mid m^2-1$$. As a result,
$p\mid (m-1) \mbox{or} \ \ p\mid (m+1).$ We get that $$m\equiv 1(mod\ p)$$ or $$m\equiv -1 (mod \ p)$$.
Conversely, suppose that
$m\equiv 1(mod\ p) \mbox{or} \ \ m\equiv -1 (mod \ p).$
Thus
$m^2\equiv 1(mod \ p).$
Wilson’s Theorem
If $$p$$ is a prime number, then $$p$$ divides $$(p-1)!+1$$.
When $$p=2$$, the congruence holds. Now let $$p>2$$. Using Theorem 26, we see that for each $$1\leq m\leq p$$, there is an inverse $$1\leq \bar{m}\leq p$$ such that $$m\bar{m}\equiv 1(mod \ p)$$. Thus by Theorem 28, we see that the only two integers that have their own inverses are $$1$$ and $$p-1$$. Hence after coupling the integers from 2 to $$p-2$$ each with its inverse, we get $2.3.....(p-2)\equiv 1(mod \ p).$ Thus we get $1.2.3.....(p-2)(p-1)\equiv (p-1)(mod \ p)$ As a result, we have $$(p-1)!\equiv -1(mod \ p)$$.
Note also that the converse of Wilson’s theorem also holds. The converse tells us whether an integer is prime or not.
If $$m$$ is a positive integer with $$m\geq 2$$ such that $(m-1)!+1\equiv 0 \ (mod \ m)$ then $$m$$ is prime.
Suppose that $$m$$ has a proper divisor $$c_1$$ and that $(m-1)!+1\equiv 0(mod \ m).$ That is $$m=c_1c_2$$ where $$1<c_1<m$$ and $$1<c_2<m$$. Thus $$c_1$$ is a divisor of $$(m-1)!$$. Also, since $m\mid ((m-1)!+1),$ we get $c_1\mid ((m-1)!+1).$ As a result, by Theorem 4, we get that $c_1\mid ((m-1)!+1-(m-1)!),$ which gives that $$c_1\mid 1$$. This is a contradiction and hence $$m$$ is prime.
We now present Fermat’s Theorem or what is also known as Fermat’s Little Theorem. It states that the remainder of $$a^{p-1}$$ when divided by a prime $$p$$ that doesn’t divide $$a$$ is 1. We then state Euler’s theorem which states that the remainder of $$a^{\phi(m)}$$ when divided by a positive integer $$m$$ that is relatively prime to $$a$$ is 1. We prove Euler’s Theorem only because Fermat’s Theorem is nothing but a special case of Euler’s Theorem. This is due to the fact that for a prime number $$p$$, $$\phi(p)=p-1$$.
Euler’s Theorem
If $$m$$ is a positive integer and $$a$$ is an integer such that $$(a,m)=1$$, then $a^{\phi(m)}\equiv 1(mod \ m)$
Note that $$3^4=81 \equiv 1(mod \ 5)$$. Also, $$2^{\phi(9)}=2^6=64\equiv 1(mod \ 9)$$.
We now present the proof of Euler’s theorem.
Proof
Let $$k_1,k_2,...,k_{\phi(m)}$$ be a reduced residue system modulo $$m$$. By Theorem 25, the set $\{ak_1,ak_2,...,ak_{\phi(m)}\}$ also forms a reduced residue system modulo $$m$$. Thus
$ak_1ak_2...ak_{\phi(m)}=a^{\phi(m)}k_1k_2...k_{\phi(m)}\equiv k_1k_2...k_{\phi(m)}(mod \ m).$
Now since $$(k_i,m)=1$$ for all $$1\leq i\leq \phi(m)$$, we have $$(k_1k_2...k_{\phi(m)},m)=1$$. Hence by Theorem 22 we can cancel the product of $$k$$’s on both sides and we get
$a^{\phi(m)}\equiv 1(mod \ m).$
An immediate consequence of Euler’s Theorem is:
Fermat’s Theorem
If p is a prime and $$a$$ is a positive integer with $$p\nmid a$$, then $a^{p-1}\equiv 1(mod\ p).$
We now present a couple of theorems that are direct consequences of Fermat’s theorem. The first states Fermat’s theorem in a different way. It says that the remainder of $$a^{p}$$ when divided by $$p$$ is the same as the remainder of $$a$$ when divided by $$p$$. The other theorem determines the inverse of an integer $$a$$ modulo $$p$$ where $$p\nmid a$$.
If $$p$$ is a prime number and $$a$$ is a positive integer, then $$a^p\equiv a(mod \ p)$$.
If $$p\nmid a$$, by Fermat’s theorem we know that $a^{p-1}\equiv 1(mod \ p).$ Thus, we get $a^{p}\equiv a(mod \ p).$ Now if $$p\mid a$$, we have
$a^p\equiv a\equiv 0 (mod \ p).$
If $$p$$ is a prime number and $$a$$ is an integer such that $$p\nmid a$$, then $$a^{p-2}$$ is the inverse of a modulo $$p$$.
If $$p\nmid a$$, then Fermat’s theorem says that $a^{p-1}\equiv 1(mod\ p).$ Hence $a^{p-2}a\equiv 1(mod\ p).$ As a result, $$a^{p-2}$$ is the inverse of $$a$$ modulo $$p$$.
Exercises
1. Show that 10!+1 is divisible by 11.
2. What is the remainder when 5!25! is divided by 31?
3. What is the remainder when $$5^{100}$$ is divided by 7?
4. Show that if $$p$$ is an odd prime, then $$2(p-3)!\equiv -1(mod \ p)$$.
5. Find a reduced residue system modulo $$2^m$$, where $$m$$ is a positive integer.
6. Show that if $$a_1,a_2,...,a_{\phi(m)}$$ is a reduced residue system modulo $$m$$, where $$m$$ is a positive integer with $$m\neq 2$$, then $$a_1+a_2+...+a_{\phi(m)}\equiv 0 (mod \ m)$$.
7. Show that if $$a$$ is an integer such that $$a$$ is not divisible by 3 or such that $$a$$ is divisible by 9, then $$a^7\equiv a (mod \ 63)$$.
### Contributors
• Dr. Wissam Raji, Ph.D., of the American University in Beirut. His work was selected by the Saylor Foundation’s Open Textbook Challenge for public release under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. | 2018-09-24T10:29:32 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9255356192588806, "perplexity": 55.73011891735251}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160337.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924090455-20180924110855-00064.warc.gz"} |
https://mfix.netl.doe.gov/doc/mfix/22.1/html/about.html | ## 1.2. Development state of MFiX models¶
MFiX provides a suite of models that treat the carrier phase (typically the gas phase) and disperse phase (typically the solids phase) differently. Their current state of development is summarized in the tables below.
Symbol description for the following tables:
Symbol
Description
$$\bullet$$
Implemented and fully tested
$$\circ$$
Implemented with limited testing
$$\square$$
Not tested or status unknown
Models not extended to DMP-parallel are only available for serial runs
Models not extended to SMP-parallel are available for SMP runs but do not scale with thread count
### 1.2.1. MFiX-TFM (Two-Fluid Model)¶
MFiX-TFM (Two-Fluid Model) is an Eulerian-Eulerian model, which supports a broad range of capabilities for dense, reacting, multiphase flows by representing the fluid and solids as interpenetrating continua. This is the most mature MFiX model and is capable of modeling multiphase reactors ranging in size from benchtop to industry-scale. Approximation of the solid phase as a continuum typically allows for faster simulation time than Lagrangian techniques; however, it also introduces the need for accurate mathematical models to capture realistic solids phase behavior. This includes transport properties, heterogeneous reaction kinetics, and constitutive relations for interaction between fluid and solid phases, e.g., solids phase drag and interphase heat transfer.
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### 1.2.2. MFiX-DEM (Discrete Element Model)¶
MFiX-DEM (Discrete Element Model) is an Eulerian-Lagrangian model that treats the fluid phase as a continuum and models the individual particles of the solid phase. This is a relatively new variation on MFiX. While the treatment of individual particles can provide higher fidelity over a broad range of flow regimes (from dilute to packed), it becomes very challenging (in terms of computational resources) when dealing with very large numbers of particles for large-scale simulations. These large-scale applications will require high performance computing (HPC) resources and large amounts of computer time. Code optimization and speed up are critical research fronts to support industrial scale applications.
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### 1.2.3. MFiX-CGP (Coarse Grained Particle)¶
MFiX-CGP (Coarse Grained Particle) is an Eulerian-Lagrangian model similar to DEM, where particles are grouped into larger coarse-grained particles (CGP). The collisions between CGPs are resolved the same way as in DEM. This modeling approach is more affordable than DEM since fewer CGPs need to be tracked. This modeling approach falls between DEM and PIC in terms of computational resources.
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### 1.2.4. MFiX-PIC (Multiphase Particle in Cell)¶
MFiX-PIC (Multiphase Particle in Cell) is another Eulerian-Lagrangian model that represents the fluid as a continuum while using “parcels” to represent groups of real particles with similar physical characteristics. The MFiX-PIC approach offers reduced computational cost over MFiX-DEM as there are typically fewer parcels to track and parcel collisions are not resolved. However, the added modeling approximations influence the overall accuracy of the method. Development, validation, and optimization of modeling approximations are critical research fronts.
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### 1.2.5. MFiX-Hybrid (Eulerian-Lagrangian-Eulerian)¶
MFiX-Hybrid (Eulerian-Lagrangian-Eulerian) is a blend of MFiX-TFM and MFiX-DEM that represents the fluid as a continuum and models solids as either a continuous phase (TFM) or discrete particles (DEM). This technique is presently restricted to solving only the momentum equations to yield hydrodynamic predictions. This model is still in its infancy and has seen only limited testing.
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Note
The hybrid model is not currently supported and users should use caution if they decide to explore the hybrid model. Creating MFiX-Hybrid models in the GUI is not supported.
## 1.3. GUI¶
The MFiX GUI is a front-end tool that allows users to quickly set-up MFiX models, run the developed models, and provide post-processing tools with the goal of making MFiX easy to use.
The GUI is written in Python using the cross-platform Qt framework. The Anaconda platform is used for MFiX dependencies, which allows us to support MFiX on Linux, Windows, and Mac. The Visualization Toolkit (VTK) is used to visualize and manipulate the input geometry.
## 1.4. Support Forum¶
When your subscription to MFiX is accepted, you are automatically added to the MFiX forum, where important announcements about MFiX are shared with the MFiX community. If you are already an MFiX member, use you current credentials to participate in the forum.
The Forum is a discussion platform for MFiX, Nodeworks and Tracker software. Developers and users can post topics (discussion threads) to various categories for each software.
Users are encouraged to participate in the discussion and share their work (input files, udf’s, images or small animations showing simulation results) to benefit the entire MFiX community.
The support forum is located at https://mfix.netl.doe.gov/forum. Click on the topics of interest to you.
Support forum etiquette:
1. Do not post offensive or inappropriate material. Stay courteous and respectful at all times.
2. Please allow sufficient time (say 2 to 3 business days) for MFiX developers and users to reply before posting unanswered questions again.
3. Post questions in the appropriate forum category. Do not send requests or emails directly to MFiX developers or other users unless a prior arrangement has been made. This ensures questions and answers are archived, and it allows the entire MFiX community to engage. Additionally, follow-up questions should occur in the same thread.
4. Do not ask for a copy of a reference, e.g., a journal article. Do not post copyrighted material.
5. Prior to posting questions regarding MFiX installation or compilation issues, please search the forum to see if your question has already been answered.
6. When posting a question to the forum, provide a complete description of the issue you encountered. It may be useful to provide the following information in your post:
1. MFiX version you are trying to install or run
2. Some details on your operating system environment (for Linux: copy and paste the output of the command “uname –a”, Linux distribution name and version also)
3. Your compiler name and version number (e.g. ifort -v will give the version number for Intel Fortran compiler)
4. Output for your $PATH environment (in csh type echo$PATH)
5. Your MPI library name and version number (if compilations problem with DMP mode encountered but make sure you can compile and run a simple hello world type MPI program with your current installation) Also please provide hardware details such as number of cores per socket in your system (or send the output for “cat /proc/cpuinfo” and how many cores you are trying to utilize.
Note | 2022-10-01T01:44:37 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.32366281747817993, "perplexity": 4198.3324288976955}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335514.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20221001003954-20221001033954-00310.warc.gz"} |
https://www.usgs.gov/science/drought-fire-and-extreme-weather?page=2 | # Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather
Droughts, fires, and extreme weather events like hurricanes have become more common and more devastating in recent years. CASC-supported scientists are working to understand how these phenomenon are affecting important natural and cultural resources and how they will continue to change over time. Browse our projects below or use our Project Explorer database to explore more science on this topic.
Filter Total Items: 123
#### Dynamic Climate Adaptation for Wetland Restoration and Coastal Communities on Lake Ontario
Residents living along the coast of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River have experienced two record-setting floods, one in 2017 and another in 2019. These floods caused tremendous property damage and disruptions to the regional economy. The water levels on Lake Ontario are influenced by the operations of the Moses Saunders Dam on the St. Lawrence River. These operations are determined by the I
#### Dynamic Climate Adaptation for Wetland Restoration and Coastal Communities on Lake Ontario
Residents living along the coast of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River have experienced two record-setting floods, one in 2017 and another in 2019. These floods caused tremendous property damage and disruptions to the regional economy. The water levels on Lake Ontario are influenced by the operations of the Moses Saunders Dam on the St. Lawrence River. These operations are determined by the I
#### A Climate-Informed Conservation Strategy for Southern California’s Montane Forests
California is a world biodiversity hotspot, and also home to hundreds of sensitive, threatened, and endangered species. One of the most vulnerable ecosystems in California is the “sky island” montane forests of southern California, forests of conifers and hardwoods located only in high-elevation mountain regions. Montane forests serve many important ecosystem functions, including protecting the up...
#### A Climate-Informed Conservation Strategy for Southern California’s Montane Forests
California is a world biodiversity hotspot, and also home to hundreds of sensitive, threatened, and endangered species. One of the most vulnerable ecosystems in California is the “sky island” montane forests of southern California, forests of conifers and hardwoods located only in high-elevation mountain regions. Montane forests serve many important ecosystem functions, including protecting the up...
#### A Decision Support System for Estimating Changes in Extreme Floods and Droughts in the Northeast U.S.
Floods and droughts are forecasted to occur with greater frequency and to be more extreme because of climate change. These changes will increase stresses on both cities and natural systems. Increased flooding can harm infrastructure designed to support human needs and natural systems that support fish and wildlife. Increased drought can have direct impacts on fish and wildlife by increasing river
#### A Decision Support System for Estimating Changes in Extreme Floods and Droughts in the Northeast U.S.
Floods and droughts are forecasted to occur with greater frequency and to be more extreme because of climate change. These changes will increase stresses on both cities and natural systems. Increased flooding can harm infrastructure designed to support human needs and natural systems that support fish and wildlife. Increased drought can have direct impacts on fish and wildlife by increasing river
#### Understanding Impacts on Southeastern Grasslands from Climate Change, Urban Expansion, and Invasive Species
Much of the biodiversity of the southeastern U.S. is found in grasslands, including meadows, prairies, glades, and savannas. These grasslands provide vital habitat to a variety of plants and animals, but many grassland types have undergone over 90% loss due to fire suppression and urban sprawl. The remaining grassland patches—remnants—now face emerging threats from invasive species and climate cha...
#### Understanding Impacts on Southeastern Grasslands from Climate Change, Urban Expansion, and Invasive Species
Much of the biodiversity of the southeastern U.S. is found in grasslands, including meadows, prairies, glades, and savannas. These grasslands provide vital habitat to a variety of plants and animals, but many grassland types have undergone over 90% loss due to fire suppression and urban sprawl. The remaining grassland patches—remnants—now face emerging threats from invasive species and climate cha...
#### Understanding New Paradigms for “Environmental Flows” and Water Allocation in the Middle Rio Grande River Basin in a Changing Climate
Water management in the middle portion of the Rio Grande Basin (between Elephant Butte Reservoir in New Mexico and Presidio, Texas) is challenging because water demand has continued to increase over time despite limited river water and dropping groundwater levels. While urban and agricultural users can cope with frequent droughts by using a combination of river water and pumping groundwater, littl
#### Understanding New Paradigms for “Environmental Flows” and Water Allocation in the Middle Rio Grande River Basin in a Changing Climate
Water management in the middle portion of the Rio Grande Basin (between Elephant Butte Reservoir in New Mexico and Presidio, Texas) is challenging because water demand has continued to increase over time despite limited river water and dropping groundwater levels. While urban and agricultural users can cope with frequent droughts by using a combination of river water and pumping groundwater, littl
#### The Impacts of Climate Change and Water Supply Management on Fish in the Colorado River
The Colorado River and its major tributaries provide a crucial water supply for more than 40 million people in the American Southwest and in California. This water supply is primarily used in irrigated agriculture but also provides essential drinking water to many large metropolitan areas. Hydropower is also produced at many of the large dams on the river. River flows have declined during the past
#### The Impacts of Climate Change and Water Supply Management on Fish in the Colorado River
The Colorado River and its major tributaries provide a crucial water supply for more than 40 million people in the American Southwest and in California. This water supply is primarily used in irrigated agriculture but also provides essential drinking water to many large metropolitan areas. Hydropower is also produced at many of the large dams on the river. River flows have declined during the past
#### Anticipating Forest Vulnerability to Fire-Catalyzed Ecosystem Change in the Northern Rocky Mountains
Forests in the western U.S. are increasingly impacted by climate change. Warmer and drier conditions both increase fire activity in western forests and make it more difficult for forests to recover after wildfires. If forests fail to recover, they may shift to non-forest ecosystems like grasslands or shrublands. It is important to understand where fires may result in the loss of forests because fo
#### Anticipating Forest Vulnerability to Fire-Catalyzed Ecosystem Change in the Northern Rocky Mountains
Forests in the western U.S. are increasingly impacted by climate change. Warmer and drier conditions both increase fire activity in western forests and make it more difficult for forests to recover after wildfires. If forests fail to recover, they may shift to non-forest ecosystems like grasslands or shrublands. It is important to understand where fires may result in the loss of forests because fo
#### Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Spread of Fire-Promoting Plants in Hawai‘i: Assessing Emerging Threats to Rare Native Plants and Ecosystems
2018 was a record-breaking year for wildfires in Hawai‘i with over 30,000 acres burned statewide, including the habitat of the Oʻahu chewstick, a critically endangered flowering plant with less than 50 individuals remaining. The frequency and severity of wildfire in Hawai‘i has been increasing, and this trend is predicted to worsen with climate change. Wildfires are promoted by highly flammable in...
#### Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Spread of Fire-Promoting Plants in Hawai‘i: Assessing Emerging Threats to Rare Native Plants and Ecosystems
2018 was a record-breaking year for wildfires in Hawai‘i with over 30,000 acres burned statewide, including the habitat of the Oʻahu chewstick, a critically endangered flowering plant with less than 50 individuals remaining. The frequency and severity of wildfire in Hawai‘i has been increasing, and this trend is predicted to worsen with climate change. Wildfires are promoted by highly flammable in...
#### A Synthesis of Climate Change Refugia Science and Management Actions to Inform Climate Adaptation in the Southwest
The impacts of climate change are widespread and accelerating. It is daunting for resource managers to determine how to use increasingly limited staff time and funding to conserve species and ecosystems. The Refugia Research Coalition is a national framework that brings together researchers and managers to identify and develop conservation strategies for “climate change refugia”, areas that remain...
#### A Synthesis of Climate Change Refugia Science and Management Actions to Inform Climate Adaptation in the Southwest
The impacts of climate change are widespread and accelerating. It is daunting for resource managers to determine how to use increasingly limited staff time and funding to conserve species and ecosystems. The Refugia Research Coalition is a national framework that brings together researchers and managers to identify and develop conservation strategies for “climate change refugia”, areas that remain...
#### Forest Fires in Western Cascadia: Evaluating Drivers and Impacts to Inform Climate-Adaptive Management Responses
Forests west of the Cascade Crest in Oregon and Washington have been shaped by infrequent but severe wildfires that historically occurred at intervals spanning several centuries. Since the mid-1900s, relatively few fires have occurred in the region, resulting in a general lack of understanding of the drivers of these fires, the impacts on ecosystems, and possible management responses. Most of the
#### Forest Fires in Western Cascadia: Evaluating Drivers and Impacts to Inform Climate-Adaptive Management Responses
Forests west of the Cascade Crest in Oregon and Washington have been shaped by infrequent but severe wildfires that historically occurred at intervals spanning several centuries. Since the mid-1900s, relatively few fires have occurred in the region, resulting in a general lack of understanding of the drivers of these fires, the impacts on ecosystems, and possible management responses. Most of the | 2022-01-19T20:59:56 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.22258251905441284, "perplexity": 6867.071916390555}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301488.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220119185232-20220119215232-00502.warc.gz"} |
https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article/58/4/1547/174039/Trajectories-of-Subjective-Health-Testing | ## Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) is ubiquitous in population health research. It is one of the few consistent health measures in longitudinal studies. Yet, extant research offers little guidance on its longitudinal trajectory. The literature on SRH suggests several possibilities, including SRH as (1) a more fixed, longer-term view of past, present, and anticipated health; (2) a spontaneous assessment at the time of the survey; (3) a result of lagged effects from prior responses; (4) a function of life course processes; and (5) a combination of the preceding. Different perspectives suggest different longitudinal models, but evidence is lacking about which model best captures SRH trajectory. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we employ structural equation modeling to correct for measurement error and identify the best-fitting, theoretically guided models describing SRH trajectories. Results support a hybrid model that combines the lagged effect of SRH with the enduring perspectives, fitted with a type of autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) model. This model structure consistently outperforms other commonly used models and underscores the importance of accounting for lagged effects combined with time-invariant effects in longitudinal studies of SRH. Interestingly, comparisons of this latent, time-invariant autoregressive model across gender and racial/ethnic groups suggest that there are differences in starting points but less variability in SRH trajectories from early life into adulthood.
## Introduction
Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most common measures in survey research on health. Despite the increasing availability of clinical measures of physiological health, SRH remains valued as a parsimonious survey item that summarizes multiple physical and psychosocial influences on individuals' overall health (DeSalvo et al. 2006; Jylhä 2009). Given its ease of collection, SRH is often the only consistently available measure of health in longitudinal surveys (Au and Johnston 2014; Boardman 2006). Consequently, numerous studies have leveraged the longitudinal availability of SRH to model individuals' trajectories of health over time, yielding foundational studies on life course processes (Shuey and Wilson 2008; Willson et al. 2007). Various sociodemographic factors and health conditions are associated with SRH trajectories, including gender, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, wealth, subjective social status, family structure, religiosity, personality, and various diseases (Bauldry et al. 2012; Berdahl and McQuillan 2018; Brown et al. 2016; Foraker et al. 2011; Hargrove and Brown 2015; Leopold 2019; McCullough and Laurenceau 2004, 2005; McDonough and Berglund 2003; Meadows 2009; Mirowsky and Ross 2008; Shuey and Willson 2008; Takahashi et al. 2018; Willson et al. 2007; Yang and Lee 2009). These same SRH trajectories are used to predict outcomes such as morbidity and premature mortality (Ferraro and Kelley-Moore 2001; Miller and Wolinsky 2007; Stenholm et al. 2016; Wolinsky and Tierney 1998).
Although this large body of research underscores the variety of factors associated with changes in SRH, it has yielded an equally varied set of trajectories. Lacking formal theoretical guidance on the expected trajectories of SRH, researchers make ad hoc decisions about how best to model their longitudinal analyses. Table 1 displays a range of longitudinal models from recent studies, including autoregressive, linear, and other growth trajectories, all providing different conclusions about SRH. We recognize that these studies differ in their study samples; our goal is not to critique extant work but rather to highlight the challenges researchers face when deciding on a modeling strategy. Namely, this choice of model is consequential because it imposes specific assumptions about and constraints on how SRH changes over time.
Moreover, our review suggests that most researchers have not systematically compared these longitudinal models to determine which best fits the data. We find evidence of comparisons within a particular type of model (e.g., testing different polynomial terms in a growth curve) but not across multiple longitudinal model specifications. For instance, including a quadratic term for individuals' rate of change in SRH in a growth curve improves model fit; however, researchers cannot be confident that the choice to use such a growth model is appropriate to begin with.
The lack of empirical evidence on the appropriateness of SRH trajectory models is especially troublesome when examining individuals across the life course, whose perceptions and experiences of their health may be changing in tandem. Studies of older adults have found a downward trajectory of SRH corresponding with declining health (Liang et al. 2010; Rohlfsen and Kronenfeld 2014; Sargent-Cox et al. 2010), but poor health is increasingly observed in early life (Lawrence et al. 2018), suggesting the possibility of significant variation in SRH. To date, few studies have examined trajectories from adolescence to adulthood (Bauldry et al. 2012; Sokol et al. 2017), with mixed conclusions about which model is more appropriate.
Given these mixed findings, how SRH changes from adolescence into adulthood merits greater understanding. More importantly, identifying the appropriate longitudinal model is critical for ensuring an accurate and unbiased understanding of health during this crucial life course transition. Ideally, longitudinal models would be based on existing theories that dictate whether, say, a growth curve or an autoregressive structure best captures the trajectories of SRH. Although we lack such precise guidance, extant research offers a mix of descriptive data and conceptual ideas that provide plausible assumptions that can be incorporated into an examination of how SRH changes over time. The assortment of trajectories summarized in Table 1 is complemented by theoretical perspectives on SRH as having enduring and spontaneous components that may influence its stability and change over time (Bailis et al. 2003; Boardman 2006; Gunasekara et al. 2012; Jylhä 2009; Perruccio et al. 2010). From another perspective, growth curve models suggest that SRH tracks with changes in the life course; these changes in status, context, and physical health correspond to different ages, which can alter perceptions of SRH (Jylhä 2009; Shuey and Willson 2008; Willson et al. 2007).
To advance longitudinal research on SRH, we begin by reviewing substantive ideas on its longitudinal patterns. We then match these ideas to different longitudinal models—and comparisons across models—to determine which is most consistent with our empirical data on SRH from adolescence to adulthood across two comparable, nationally representative samples. Our goal is to provide a more solid foundation for studies concerned with SRH trajectories; researchers can draw on these results to determine which modeling assumptions are most appropriate for their analyses. In turn, better models provide more precise descriptive representations of trajectories; more accurate causal interpretation of changes in SRH; and most critically, opportunities to refine theory on SRH that can guide future research.
## Background
The popularity of SRH in research has produced a notable body of work commenting on the hypothesized processes by which individuals evaluate their health (Bailis et al. 2003; DeSalvo et al. 2006; Jylhä 2009). Although this research does not explicitly touch on issues of longitudinal modeling, it highlights unique properties of stability and change in SRH that may have implications for such models. Consequently, we draw on this literature to identify five plausible perspectives on SRH, which we refer to as (1) enduring, (2) spontaneous, (3) lagged effects, (4) life course, and (5) hybrid models.
The enduring view hypothesizes individuals' ratings as a reflection of a more stable, potentially lifelong narrative of health informed by past and present experiences, coupled with future expectations (Jylhä 2009). Individuals develop a self-perception of being generally healthy or not healthy, which persists over time (Bailis et al. 2003). As Bombak (2013), Gunasekara et al. (2012), Huisman and Deeg (2010), and Quesnel-Vallee (2007) noted, SRH is not purely a reflection of one's “true” health status. Instead, it reflects one's perceptions and how they create “considerable state dependence” in SRH “even after controlling for observed and unobserved confounding” related to changes in one's health (Gunasekara et al. 2012:1118). This perception could be shaped by comparisons with others in their cohort or reference group, or it could be driven by personality characteristics. Regardless of its source, there is an enduring and constant perception of SRH that influences responses over time.
The spontaneous perspective offers an alternative explanation. As identified by Bailis et al. (2003) and elaborated by others (Boardman 2006; Jylhä 2009; Perruccio et al. 2010), the spontaneous perspective hypothesizes that individuals' SRH is a reflection of near-term factors influencing their subjective health, occurring at or around the time when they are asked. Bailis et al. (2003:205) noted that “[m]ost research in medical sociology has implicitly adopted the spontaneous assessment perspective” in assuming that SRH directly captures individuals' current physical and mental health. From a longitudinal perspective, repeated measures of SRH should be responsive, in the sense that SRH reflects “a response to one's current state of well-being or illness” (Perruccio et al. 2010:1637); that is, repeated SRH measures are valid snapshots of health over time. Consequently, we would expect SRH to mirror the fluctuations in context, conditions, and mental and physical health that individuals experience, resulting in considerable variability.
The lagged effects hypothesis departs from both the enduring and spontaneous ones in its emphasis on the role of previous SRH on current SRH. This hypothesis does not emphasize a long-term perspective that influences repeated measures of SRH, nor does it see the immediate context and conditions as the predominant influence. Rather, the lagged influence hypothesis identifies past SRH—or one's recent history (Jylhä 2009)—as a major influence on current perceptions. It reflects stability in perceptions but not over a period of life as long as that suggested by the enduring perspective. To the extent that individuals implicitly compare current health with past health (Norman 2003; Ross 1989), the lagged effects view suggests that the most recent history of SRH is the predominant effect, even if this past assessment differs from the current one.
The life course perspective is the fourth way to view SRH. This perspective recognizes that individuals' experiences are shaped by the unique circumstances of their age, period, and cohort. As a person moves through stages of life, major events—for example, schooling, marriage, parenthood, work, and many others—can shape SRH. The complex interactions of changes in both health and life circumstances in early life present some difficulty in identifying a single life course trajectory of SRH.
On the one hand, adolescents and young adults are relatively healthy and free of later-life comorbidities (Mulye et al. 2009; Park et al. 2006). Relatively minor downturns in health may not alter perceptions and, thus, limit the extent to which we observe change (Boardman 2006). However, recent evidence suggests that poor health—such as obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia—is increasingly prevalent at younger ages (Harris 2010), challenging the notion that physical health is the same for all in early life.
This transition from adolescence into early adulthood is also associated with changes in one's social context and resources, traversing many critical events, such as completing one's education, entering the workforce, living independently, and starting a family (Elder et al. 2003; Shanahan 2000). Even if physical health remains stable, this tumultuous and stressful period may affect individuals' psychosocial health (Burton-Jeangros et al. 2015; Pearlin et al. 2005; Williams and Umberson 2004), which influences reports of subjective health (Jylhä 2009). These momentous events may lead to systematic changes in respondents' views of their overall health, leading to a more dynamic growth trajectory. Thus, as individuals reassess their subjective health status in light of gained experience and modified expectations, SRH may exhibit a pronounced trajectory over time, indicative of changes in one's perception of themselves as a healthy individual. Although the life course view anticipates patterns that reflect different experiences throughout the life course, these trajectories are likely to vary from person to person (Elder et al. 2003; Shanahan 2000).
Finally, the enduring, spontaneous, lagged effect, and life course perspectives are not mutually exclusive; individuals' SRH may be simultaneously informed by all four. Thus, we expect that hybrid models combining multiple perspectives hold promise. The aforementioned enduring self-concept can coexist with the spontaneous component and lagged effects (Bailis et al. 2003; Boardman 2006; Jylhä 2009), and the mix of these can interact with each other over the life course with various changes in both life events and health. As Jylhä (2010:656) noted, “in their self-ratings people predominantly do focus on their present health, but within the broader context of their health history,” which is “influenced by their earlier health experiences, present health conditions and other health-relevant encounters.” Indeed, although Boardman's (2006) results demonstrate stability in perceptions of health in adolescence, stratifying the analyses to focus on older respondents suggests a “convergence toward the spontaneous assessment” of SRH as respondents age, whereby SRH is “comprised of both dynamic (spontaneous) and static (enduring) aspects” (p. 407). This result echoes Bailis et al.'s (2003) and Perruccio et al.'s (2010) findings that both processes are likely at play, influencing individuals' assessments of changes in subjective health over time.
## Hypothesized Trajectories and Longitudinal Models
As reviewed earlier, several theoretical perspectives are common when it comes to examining subjective health over time. Although these perspectives do not offer explicit recommendations about the most appropriate trajectory, we draw on their insights to develop plausible longitudinal models.
For instance, we invoke Bailis et al.'s (2003) concept of an enduring self-concept of subjective health in developing the enduring hypothesis, which suggests considerable stability in SRH such that individuals' perceptions of their health do not exhibit much change even if their health status worsens or improves. This perspective holds that perceptions are distinct from an individual's true health, and we should not expect direct correspondence between the two. Moreover, individuals' responses may exhibit stability because of a propensity to evaluate one's health relative to those in their cohort; indeed, this comparative framing provides more consistent responses than alternative interpretations of SRH (Eriksson et al. 2001).
A model with a latent time-invariant variable captures important aspects of the enduring hypothesis:
$Li,t=αt+ξi+εi,t,$
(1)
where Li,t is the latent subjective health variable for individual i and time t; αt is the equation intercept for time t; ξi is a time-invariant variable that endures throughout the period; and εi,t is the random error that varies over person and time, with a mean of 0 and uncorrelated with ξi. The model allows for differences in the intercept over time that hold for all respondents. The ξi variable corresponds to the idea of stability under the enduring hypothesis.
The lagged effect hypothesis places importance on previous SRH influencing current values. This is captured by the following equation:
$Li,t=αt+ρt,t–1 Li,t–1+εi,t,$
(2)
where the new term Li,t – 1 is the lagged value of subjective health; ρt,t – 1 is the autoregressive regression (AR) coefficient that estimates the magnitude of lagged effects; and εi,t is the random error that varies over person and time; with a mean of 0 and uncorrelated with Li,t – 1. The model suggests that individuals' current subjective health is primarily driven by their previous assessment, without any underlying enduring component.
The life course hypothesis suggests that individual SRH follows a trajectory over time that reflects their life experiences, with individuals having different starting points and rates of change. A latent growth curve model captures aspects of this perspective:
$Li,t=αi+λtβi+εi,t,$
(3)
where αi is the random intercept; βi is the random slope; λt is the time trend variable that counts the number of years since the data series started; and εi,t is the random error, with a mean of 0 and no correlation with αi and βi. The random intercepts (αi) are the different starting points for each individual; similarly, the random slopes (βi) differ across individuals so as to permit different rates of change in their life course process. Thus, differences in both intercepts and slopes support a life course perspective. We also test nonlinear parameterizations of this model because the rate of change may exhibit more complex forms.
The spontaneity hypothesis is not easily represented in a single model. If spontaneity is viewed as an unpredictable and constantly changing view of SRH (i.e., moment-to-moment changes [Gunaserkara et al. 2012; Perruccio et al. 2010]), we would not expect any systematic influence on SRH, as in the earlier models. We contend that the error variable, present in the preceding models, best represents evidence for the spontaneity hypothesis. Namely, we would expect to find very low R-squared values for the preceding equations because the unpredictability of latent subjective health would not be captured by any of the preceding models.
The enduring, lagged effect, and life course hypotheses all hold promise, and models associated with these perspectives have been used in past research. However, our review of the literature suggests that the integration of multiple perspectives might provide better explanations than any one of them alone. For example, the enduring and the lagged effect hypotheses might operate simultaneously, as might the life course and lagged effect perspectives in offering a more appropriate trajectory. None of the preceding models capture these hybrids, but alternative models allow for such integrative hypotheses.
For instance, one hybrid model is the latent variable-autoregressive latent trajectory (LV-ALT) model (Bianconcini and Bollen 2018):
$Li,t=αi+λtβi+ρt,t – 1Li,t – 1+εi,t.$
(4)
As before, the life course hypothesis is reflected in the first two terms (i.e., the latent intercept and slope), and the third term represents the lagged effect hypotheses and the inclusion of autoregressive terms. Similarly, we can combine the enduring and lagged effect hypotheses (Bollen and Brand 2010):
$Li,t=αt+ρt,t – 1Li,t – 1+ξi+εi,t.$
(5)
As before, we can modify these hybrid models to account for nonlinear latent slopes. Thus, we are left with multiple plausible and compelling hypotheses about which model might best capture the trajectory of SRH. Given that these models are supported in one form or another by extant theory and that substantive knowledge does not provide a clear sense of which is best, we need to compare them systematically to determine which is most appropriate for our longitudinal data.
Before turning to our data and models, we note the importance of controlling for measurement error in SRH. Extant research on the test-retest reliability of SRH suggests that its reliability is modest at best (Boardman 2006; Crossley and Kennedy 2002; Fosse and Haas 2009; Zajacova and Dowd 2011), yet few studies have taken this substantial measurement error into consideration when modeling longitudinal change (Kosloski et al. 2005). The preceding models include the latent variable of SRH (Li,t), free of measurement error, whereas leaving SRH as “observed” and not correcting measurement error can affect multiple longitudinal properties of interest to our study, such as assessments of SRH's enduring properties as well as the autoregressive coefficients. Consequently, correcting for measurement error leads to an unbiased assessment of how SRH influences other variables (including SRH) in longitudinal models where SRH is included as a predictor/covariate.
## Methods
### Data
Data for this study come from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally representative survey of adolescents (in grades 7–12) who were interviewed in school and in person in 1994–1995 (Wave I), 1996 (Wave II; grades 8–12), 2001–2002 (Wave III; aged 18–26), 2008 (Wave IV; aged 24–32), and 2016–2018 (Wave V; aged 32–42) (Harris et al. 2019). At all waves, respondents were asked, “In general, how is your health?,” with response options of excellent (1), very good (2), good (3), fair (4), and poor (5). Responses were reverse-coded and treated as ordinal indicators of latent subjective health. A distinct advantage of Add Health is the availability of two near-contemporaneous measures of SRH at Wave I. These measures are separated by an average of six months, allowing us to estimate individuals' baseline reliability of this measure and to compare estimates of reliability at subsequent waves. The final analytic sample consists of 12,300 respondents across all five waves.
Aware of mixed findings in past research, we want to be confident that our results are not specific to Add Health and that we would observe a similar pattern in a comparable sample. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) provides an ideal data set for such a comparison while permitting additional flexibility in our models. NLSY97 data are nationally representative, the cohort is similar (ages of 12–17 in 1997), and the sample size of 8,984 is large. NLSY97 respondents were surveyed annually between 1997 and 2011 and biennially until 2015. These 17 waves of data help account for any effects introduced by the unequal spacing between waves in Add Health. Thus, in identifying the most appropriate models, we draw on results from both data sets to avoid biases arising from differences in survey design.
Our analyses are adjusted for individuals' ages at the first wave because these differences might affect initial SRH and subsequent trajectories. We also incorporate information on gender and race/ethnicity when assessing group differences in the appropriateness of these models. We categorize race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic to be consistent across the two samples and to focus on racial/ethnic groups that are large enough to yield stable estimates.
Given our specification of self-rated health as an ordinal variable (detailed later), we use Mplus’s diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) estimator with its missing data procedures, as described in Asparouhov and Muthén (2010). In brief, this approach uses a multistage procedure in which a maximum likelihood method estimates univariate and bivariate statistics for all available cases; these means, variances, and covariances are then assembled as input into the DWLS procedure (for details, see Asparouhov and Muthén 2010). We use the R structural equation modeling (SEM) package lavaan (Roseel 2012) and Mplus to estimate our models (Muthén and Muthén 1998–2017). An annotated R script with selected model syntax is available in the online appendix.
### Analytic Strategy
The goal of our study is to find the best longitudinal models for SRH consistent with extant theory. Assessing the fit statistics of different models will allow us to identify assumptions that best describe longitudinal changes in SRH. SEM has a number of fit statistics. We use chi-square tests and other measures to assess how closely the hypothesized models fit the Add Health and NLSY97 data. Both data sets have very large sample sizes, so the statistical power of testing is generally high; even minor specification errors could lead to statistically significant chi-square tests. To supplement the chi-square test, we also use a Bayesian information criterion (BIC) comparison statistic that compares the fit of the saturated and hypothesized models and approximates the Bayes factor. Negative values of this BIC comparison statistic provide evidence favoring the hypothesized over the saturated model (Raftery 1995).1 The comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and 1 minus the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) are other common fit statistics (Bentler 1990; Steiger and Lind 1980; Tucker and Lewis 1973). Across all three, values closer to 1 represent better fit, and values less than .9 are considered inadequate.
In treating SRH as an ordinal variable, we fix the first two response thresholds at 1 and 2, respectively;2 intriguingly, the freely estimated third and fourth thresholds in all models are close to 3 and 4. Although this is evidence that could support analyzing SRH as continuous (Fisher and Bollen 2020), we follow convention in treating SRH as ordinal with underlying continuous variables. Furthermore, we allow for random measurement error in these underlying indicators of SRH (Boardman 2006; Crossley and Kennedy 2002; Fosse and Haas 2009; Zajacova and Dowd 2011). For most years, we have only a single indicator of SRH. Thus, we assume that the variance of the random measurement error is the same over all waves of data to help to identify the model (see Heise 1969; Werts et al. 1971; Wiley and Wiley 1970).
Figures 13 display path diagrams of models that incorporate the different properties of SRH trajectories in Add Health. One can imagine corresponding diagrams for NLSY97 containing additional time points but only one measure at the first observation. Panel a of Figure 1 represents a hypothesized model in which the enduring perception of SRH corresponds with Eq. (1).3 The latent time-invariant variable intercept plays a role in determining SRH in each wave. Variability around this enduring perception enters via possible changes in the constant intercept of each wave and in the error term for latent subjective health. By contrast, panel b of Figure 1 is an autoregressive longitudinal model; trajectories of subjective health (Li,t) are a function of the lagged effect of SRH (Li,t – 1) from one wave to the next.
In Figure 2, the linear growth (panel a), quadratic growth (panel b), and freed loading growth (panel c) correspond to possible linear and nonlinear trends in SRH. Each of these growth curve models allows individuals different starting points (i.e., intercepts) and rates of change (i.e., slopes) in SRH. The preassigned loadings on the slope for the linear and quadratic growth models correspond with the number of years between waves (Bollen and Curran 2006).4
Finally, Figure 3 corresponds with the LV-ALT model, which includes an additional autoregressive component in the commonly used growth curves shown earlier (Bollen and Curran 2004). The LV-ALT model permits SRH at the previous point in time to influence current SRH at the same time that its trajectory is partly governed by the intercepts and slopes (Bollen and Curran 2004:346). One can interpret these models as indicative of both processes net of each other; we can assess the presence and strength of a growth curve after accounting for the lagged effect of SRH, and vice versa (Bianconcini and Bollen 2018:805–806). Figure 3 serves as a general LV-ALT framework that we modify based on the additional growth curves included in our analyses.
After assessing the best-fitting longitudinal models, we conduct tests of invariance for this model across gender and race/ethnicity. Research has documented differences between men and women on SRH (Benyamini et al. 2003; McCullough and Laurenceau 2004; Rohlfsen and Kronenfeld 2014; Zajacova et al. 2017) and across racial/ethnic groups (Ferraro et al. 1997; Franks et al. 2003; Hargrove and Brown 2015; Liang et al. 2010; Shuey and Willson 2008; Willson et al. 2007; Yao and Roberts 2008). Although we do not have explicit hypotheses about the nature of group differences given the mixed results of past research, this literature suggests that variation in model structure and parameter estimates should be assessed. The extent to which we observe invariance across groups has implications for group-specific longitudinal models; one can compare estimates only if there is sufficient equivalence in the model across groups (Cheung and Rensvold 2002).
Finally, given that our goal is to maximize the sample size for our analyses, we do not include longitudinal weights, which reduce the sample size by ∼ 40%. We checked whether the exclusion of these weights may have biased our analyses. Model fit is comparable when we included the survey weights, which suggests that our unweighted estimates do not bias conclusions regarding the most appropriate SRH trajectory.
## Results
Our first step is to obtain a descriptive understanding of SRH over time. Table 2 displays SRH means and variances across the five waves of Add Health, exhibiting relative stability from Waves I through III (µ ≈ 3.9)—that is, adolescence and young adulthood—and then a small average decline at Wave IV (µ ≈ 3.71) and into Wave V (µ ≈ 3.54), corresponding with ages 32–42. Figure 4 shows this mean over time, overlaid with six randomly chosen cases to demonstrate the variability in the sample.
This pattern is similar for female and male respondents, although male respondents' SRH is approximately 0.1 to 0.2 higher for Waves I–III (µ ≈ 4.0) and then converges with female respondents’ SRH again by Waves IV (µ ≈ 3.7) and V (µ ≈ 3.5). Similar patterns hold across racial/ethnic groups, with SRH stable at Waves I and II, peaking at ∼4.0 at Wave III, and then showing small declines across Waves IV and V. White and Black respondents have slightly higher SRH at Waves I and II (µ ≈ 3.93) than their Hispanic counterparts (µ ≈ 3.87); by Waves IV and V, White adults have the highest SRH, at 3.7, whereas Black and Hispanic adults have an SRH closer to 3.5.
Table 3 summarizes fit statistics for longitudinal models corresponding with the enduring, lagged effect, and life course hypotheses. We consider five models: a latent time-invariant model, an autoregressive model, and three variants of a growth model with different slopes. Although we observe good measures of fit for multiple models, the freed loading growth curve is the best. The CFI, TLI, and 1-RMSEA values are close to 1 and are generally higher than other models. The BIC of −75.969 is negative and high in absolute magnitude, exceeding the guidelines for “very strong” evidence of good model fit compared with the saturated model (Raftery 1995). Although other models also have a negative BIC (e.g., autoregressive and quadratic growth), the BIC magnitude is lower than the freed loading model. However, the good fit for the autoregressive model—without any negative error variances—suggests that hybrid models accounting for the lagged effect perspective are worth investigating.
Table 4 contains the LV-ALT models that integrate the lagged effect and life course perspectives. All three models exhibit good fit across the CFI, TLI, and 1-RMSEA. Only the LV-ALT linear and quadratic growth models have negative BICs (−45.035 and −9.237). However, they have negative autoregressive coefficients, and neither is an improvement over the freed loading growth curve model. Interestingly, evidence of nonsignificant slopes in the LV-ALT quadratic growth model suggests that we can improve the fit by estimating a model with only a latent intercept and autoregressive relations.
We estimate two such models in Table 5, corresponding with the view of subjective health as having both enduring and lagged effect components, whereby individuals have a persistent view of their subjective health complemented by a lingering effect that carries over all waves. Latent subjective health at Wave I is predetermined and correlated with the latent intercept. The LV-ALT intercept-only model assumes individual differences in starting points for the trajectory from Wave II to V, with latent subjective health predicted by the lagged autoregressive effects and time-invariant intercept and no variability in the constant of the intercept at each wave. Conversely, the latent time-invariant with AR model allows for freely estimated intercepts for latent subjective health at Waves II to V, net of the time-invariant intercept and autoregressive regressions. Both models have good CFI, TLI, and 1-RMSEA values; they also have large and negative BICs. However, based on Raftery's (1995) guidelines for adjudicating between nested models, the difference of −19 strongly favors the LV-ALT intercept-only model.
The best model in the Add Health data is somewhat ambiguous: the freed loading growth curve and LV-ALT intercept-only models are comparable in fit. The slightly higher negative BIC favors the freed loading growth curve model, but the difference of −7 compared with the LV-ALT intercept-only model is not definitive. Given this uncertainty, we turn to the NLSY97 data to see how well these same models fit this sample. Table 6 presents a summary of the model fit statistics across the same 10 models.
Many of the models have good fit based on CFI, TLI, and 1-RMSEA; thus, we rely on the BIC to differentiate among models. Similar to results based on Add Health data, the autoregressive, LV-ALT linear and quadratic growth, and LV-ALT intercept-only and latent time-invariant with AR models fit well, with large and negative BICs ranging from −729.703 (autoregressive) to −967.837 (LV-ALT intercept only). By contrast, the quadratic and freed loading growth curve models using NLSY97 data exhibit worse fit and are improved with the inclusion of lagged effects. Critically, the NLSY97 data are less ambiguous about the choice of the best model: the BIC for the LV-ALT intercept-only model is 27 points lower than that for the next best-fitting model (LV-ALT linear growth).
Given this outcome, the superior fit of the LV-ALT intercept-only model encourages us to interpret the resulting coefficients. We are primarily interested in the autoregressive terms, providing a sense of how much SRH at one time influences subsequent SRH. As shown in Tables A1 and A2 (online appendix), we find a strong association across most waves. Autoregressive values above 0.8 indicate a high degree of lagged variable influence (i.e., “stability”; Kosloski et al. 2005). Although none of the autoregressive coefficients in Add Health reach this threshold, these are estimates net of the latent intercept. Nevertheless, we observe autoregressive coefficients close to 0.7; the only deviation from this pattern is between Waves II and III, where the value of 0.584 is still relatively high. This lower value is likely attributable to the differing number of years between waves. Indeed, when we examine the NLSY97 data, which are separated by one to two years, the autoregressive coefficients are higher and closer in value, at an average of 0.844.
We are also interested in R-squared; these values indicate the reliability of the underlying SRH measures as well as how much of the variation in the latent subjective health (L-SRH) is explained across waves. The reliability is modest in both Add Health and NLSY97 (∼.6), indicating considerable measurement error in SRH. The LV-ALT intercept-only model also explains approximately one-half the variation in latent subjective health in Add Health. Although we do not have an R-squared estimate at Wave II because of a small and negative but not statistically significant variance, L-SRH at Wave II and age at Wave I explain 48% of the variation in L-SRH at Wave III. The age regressions and autoregressive relationships between L-SRH at Wave III to Wave IV and Wave IV to Wave V explain, respectively, 55% and 62% of the variation in those measures. Again, this pattern is likely explained by the different number of years between waves, as we can see when looking at NLSY97. In these data, ∼87% of the variation in the L-SRH measures is explained by the model structure, which is not surprising given the larger autoregressive coefficients and fewer years separating observations. One can interpret the lower autoregressive coefficients and lower R-squared for L-SRH in Add Health as indicative of the autoregressive effect gradually diminishing over time. For example, in the well-fitting autoregressive model (not shown), 92% of the variance in L-SRH at Wave II is explained by the autoregressive relationship with Wave I: they are separated by only 1.5 years.
Finally, we assess whether the LV-ALT intercept-only model is equally applicable for both female and male respondents as well as across racial and ethnic groups. We fit a series of increasingly constrained nested models, modifying the model structure to hold parameters equal across groups. This series of constraints loosely follows the weak to strict invariance structure traditionally used in SEM, but we make modifications in keeping with our model structure. Tracking changes in model fit demonstrates whether these equality constraints are appropriate and thus helps identify similarity in the trajectory across groups.5
Table A3 (online appendix) summarizes the invariance tests between female and male respondents in Add Health, finding good model fit even when constraining multiple parameters to equality. The best-fitting model, model E, constrains all the regression coefficients to be equal across female and male respondents as well as the error variances of observed and latent variables. CFI, TLI, and 1-RMSEA values near 1 and a BIC of −188 indicate very good absolute fit and provide strong evidence of better fit compared with the other models. This model structure suggests that the main differences in SRH trajectories are in the starting means at Wave I (3.721 for males vs. 3.447 for females per the model estimate), given that the latent time-invariant intercepts are similar (∼1.14); after Wave I, the two groups follow similar longitudinal patterns.
Table A4 (online appendix) summarizes a similar set of invariance tests across respondents from different racial/ethnic backgrounds, again finding a high level of invariance across groups. Model F constrains the regression coefficients as well as the error variance of observed and latent SRH to be equal across groups. A closer examination of observed SRH error variances in the unconstrained estimates from Model A suggests that the SRH error variances of White adults are distinct from those of their Black and Hispanic counterparts. Thus, constraining the SRH error variances to be equal for these two groups yields a very well-fitting model, with a negative BIC of −544. As shown in Tables A5 and A6, gender and racial/ethnic invariance are also upheld in the NLSY97 sample when the same set of constraints are used.
Beyond these measures of fit, we also confirm that constrained values of the autoregressive coefficients from the best-fitting models are not drastically different from their unconstrained values (i.e., Model A; shown in Tables A7 and A8). The percentage change in autoregressive coefficients from Model A to Model E for female and male respondents is never greater than 20%, and most are <10%, suggesting that these constraints are plausible when both Add Health and NLSY97 data are used. The percentage change in AR coefficients from Model A to Model F across racial/ethnic groups exhibits slightly greater variability but still suggests that Model F provides trustworthy estimates.
## Discussion and Conclusions
As evidenced by the numerous studies using SRH, the measure is and will remain a key variable in population health research. This large body of literature speaks to its value as a parsimonious summary of individuals' overall health (DeSalvo et al. 2006; Jylhä 2009), potentially capturing information above and beyond what researchers can explain with physiological biomarkers (Dowd and Zajacova 2007; Franks et al. 2003; Idler and Benyamini 1997; Singh-Manoux et al. 2007). Precisely because of the research importance of SRH, we argue that the convenience, ease of collection, and simplicity of interpretation do not compensate for the fact that SRH continues to be among the most poorly understood measures (Huisman and Deeg 2010; Jylhä 2009), especially with respect to changes in SRH over time.
Extant theories on SRH do not dictate clear functional forms, but they do provide useful perspectives on what researchers may expect. The spontaneous perspective emphasizes the specific circumstances at the time of the survey as the primary influence (Bailis et al. 2003; Perruccio et al. 2010). Conversely, the enduring perspective stresses continuity, with individuals holding a stable view of their health (Bailis et al. 2003; Boardman 2006). The lagged effect view recognizes that recent SRH has a strong effect on current SRH (Jylhä 2009; Kosloski et al. 2005). Finally, the life course orientation recognizes that more systematic shifts in SRH are possible as individuals age and experience changes in both health and life circumstances that may influence their overall sense of healthiness and well-being (Elder et al. 2003; Shanahan 2000). Most importantly, these perspectives are not mutually exclusive, leaving the question of what trajectory is most suitable open to empirical analysis.
We recognize that identifying the most appropriate trajectory is often not the objective of a given study. However, the assumptions that researchers make in their models can affect their conclusions. With this concern in mind, we conducted the first systematic comparison of different SRH trajectories from adolescence to midlife while also accounting for its limited reliability. Despite our examination of linear and nonlinear models that vary in complexity, we find that a hybrid model that combines the enduring and lagged effect hypotheses best matches our data. More specifically, an LV-ALT intercept-only model, which allows for a latent time-invariant variable as well as autoregressive relations, best fits longitudinal data from Add Health and NLSY97. We find that this is true for both females and males as well as across racial/ethnic groups; other than differences in starting points for SRH, the trajectories across groups are very similar.
What, then, are the implications of our results for SRH? Consider first the SRH measure's moderate degree of reliability (∼.6). In most studies, SRH is treated as if it were free of error. Researchers interested in the causal effects of SRH on health or social outcomes who ignore measurement error will have biased assessments of the impact of SRH and other explanatory variables (see Bollen 1989:151–178). In one longitudinal study, the researchers corrected for measurement error (Kosloski et al. 2005) and estimated reliability at .64, similar to our results; however, they ultimately fixed the reliability of the measure at 1.0 when estimating their models. Thus, we advise researchers to allow for a reliability of .5 to .7 when including SRH as a predictive variable.
From a descriptive perspective, it is important to recognize that an inappropriate model can lead to incorrect conclusions about the trajectory of SRH over time, even if we ignore the issue of measurement error. Researchers can fit a variety of models to their data, all of which may give the appearance of capturing the observed trajectory. However, the assumptions underlying these models—that is, the equations that explain relationships among variables—lead to different interpretations. The reliance on linear and quadratic growth curve models in past literature assumes the existence of latent intercepts and slopes that characterize change or stability in SRH over the entire observation period, which is fundamentally different from models incorporating autoregressive relations. A linear growth curve, for example, suggests that SRH follows a linear growth pattern over time, whereas an autoregressive model directs attention to the prior value of SRH to predict the current value. Our analyses reveal the importance of a hybrid model that combines time-invariant and autoregressive effects, which would be difficult to identify based purely on a descriptive interpretation of SRH over time.
Furthermore, although this analysis primarily focuses on modeling trajectories of SRH, it has implications for other types of research questions centered on longitudinal models and causal analysis. For instance, researchers often use a fixed-effects model that assumes a time-invariant variable that influences SRH for each wave. Such analyses may include other time-varying variables (e.g., income or mental health) to evaluate their effects on SRH over time. The latent time-invariant variable captures and controls for the unobserved enduring effect on SRH, but failing to account for an autoregressive effect (as our model suggests) will result in distorted estimates of the impact of the other time-varying variables on SRH as long as those other time-varying variables correlate with the lagged SRH. More broadly, our results call into question any fixed-effects analysis of SRH that does not include the lagged value of SRH as an explanatory variable. An analogous argument holds if a researcher chooses a latent linear or quadratic growth curve and attempts to assess the causal impact of other variables on SRH: the latent intercept and slope are insufficient in capturing all influences on SRH at a given point in time.
Perhaps most critically, our comparison of longitudinal models provides new knowledge on the spontaneous, enduring, lagged effect, and life course perspectives on SRH. First and foremost, the spontaneous perspective is perhaps the most weakly supported by the data. Because this perspective suggests that individuals' responses reflect present health circumstances (Bailis et al. 2003; Perruccio et al. 2010), we would expect greater fluctuation owing to increased variability in health over time. Yet, if this were true, it would be hard to explain why prior SRH is such a strong predictor of the current SRH, as seen in the large autoregressive coefficients and high R-squared values for latent subjective health, especially in the more closely spaced NLSY97 data (AR coefficients = ∼0.85; R-squared = ∼85%). Critically, the finding that subjective health at a prior time combined with the latent time-invariant effect explains a large proportion of subjective health to the stable qualities of this measure.
The enduring hypothesis complemented by the lagged effect viewpoint appears more consistent with the stability observed in our results. Many researchers contend that SRH reflects an enduring perspective on health (i.e., a “self-concept” of health [Bailis et al. 2003; Boardman 2006; Huisman and Deeg 2010; Jylhä 2009]); the inclusion of a latent time-invariant variable in our LV-ALT intercept-only model suggests that this is an appropriate assumption. The mechanism of this enduring concept is not something we can ascertain from this model, but past research suggests that it reflects individuals' propensity to retain a more or less fixed view of their health over time, which explains some proportion of SRH independent of actual changes in health. Individual differences in the interpretation can bias their responses; when asked to evaluate overall health compared with their peers (e.g., on the basis of age), respondents assess their health as consistently better or worse despite improvement or decline in their own health (Baron-Epel and Kaplan 2001; Eriksson et al. 2001; Manderbacka et al. 2003; Vuorisalmi et al. 2006). Kaplan and Baron-Epel (2003) noted differences in interpretation based on individuals' perceived health, such that younger adults in good health are more likely to employ this comparative perspective than those in worse health. Moreover, our results underscore the importance of lagged effects in modeling SRH. Although the lagged effect hypothesis was not explicitly theorized in past literature, we examine this novel hypothesis in emphasizing how individuals' current perception of SRH are strongly determined by lingering factors and beliefs from recent history (Jylhä 2009, 2010; Norman 2003; Ross 1989). These lingering attributes are consistent with the significant lagged coefficients, net of any influence associated with the time-invariantlatent intercept.
Finally, the life course perspective would lead us to expect growth curves in SRH over time. Our examination of different functional forms does not find any that are consistently superior to our LV-ALT intercept-only model. It is possible that the portion of the life course we examine has relative stability, leading to large lagged effects. However, adolescence to midlife is a demographically important stage of life (Elder et al. 2003; Shanahan 2000), such that disruptions at these ages should break the close relations between lagged and contemporaneous SRH. Greater consistency between the life course perspective and our empirical findings would require an explanation for why SRH maintains such close relationships to earlier values despite the changes in individuals' life stages, especially in NLSY97.
Furthermore, our examination of group differences provides evidence of why accounting for measurement error and choosing the appropriate trajectories is important. Using the LV-ALT intercept-only model leads to fewer group differences in SRH trajectories than noted in past literature (Bauldry et al. 2012; Sokol et al. 2017). This does not imply that gender and racial/ethnic health disparities are not real; rather, SRH may not be ideal for measuring these disparities over time. Objective measures of health may be more advantageous for identifying group differences, although we recognize the challenge in observing poor physiological health in early life. Nevertheless, given the widespread use of SRH to track health over time, researchers should be attuned to its limitations as a measure more influenced by enduring and lagged perceptions than current health.
We close by acknowledging the limitations of our analyses as well as recommendations for future research. Ideally, we would have more waves of data with which to model trajectories. Add Health data are not equally spaced, which explains some of the variation in the autoregressive coefficients and R-squared values across waves. More data would allow us to better examine additional and more complex trajectories or to use alternate specifications of time such as individuals' ages. However, the consistency in results based on the NLSY97—which is nearly continuous in terms of both time and age—suggests that the wave-based analysis in Add Health is not necessarily an issue.
Relatedly, we recognize that longitudinal models should be compared in samples across other contexts in time and geography, different age ranges, additional racial/ethnic groupings, and other relevant populations because the meaning of SRH varies across groups (Grol-Prokopczyk et al. 2011). Age differences are particularly important, especially because much of the research on SRH focuses on older adults (Ferraro and Kelley-Moore 2001; Miller and Wolinsky 2007). SRH trajectories might change as the relative healthiness of youth fades in middle to late adulthood, and age-related declines more strongly influence SRH. Interestingly, however, Kosloski et al. (2005) found similar autoregressive coefficients for an older sample (aged 50+), suggesting that our results may be consistent throughout the life course. Their analysis did not assess alternate models, so we cannot conclude an autoregressive model is best, but their model had good absolute fit. Finally, our focus is to determine the best longitudinal model for SRH; most researchers studying trajectories build more complete models that incorporate additional covariates, which can influence the estimates. This research can and should be done, but our findings suggest that researchers' baseline assumptions for these models should account for the importance of time-invariant and autoregressive components.
More broadly, this research highlights the need for comprehensive assessments of trajectories for other health measures (Bauldry and Bollen 2018). Despite the growing availability of health data in surveys, researchers continue to default to a particular model without considering alternate specifications, implicitly assuming that one indicator of health has similar measurement properties to another. Not unlike with SRH, much of this is attributable to the lack of theoretical reasoning to support a given model. Therefore, we encourage not only more rigorous empirical analyses of health trajectories but also a more robust body of theory to guide future studies and help researchers better understand the unique attributes of the many health measures at their disposal.
## Acknowledgments
This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris and designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by Grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. We also acknowledge support from a Population Research Training grant (T32 HD007168) and the Population Research Infrastructure Program (P2C HD050924) awarded to the Carolina Population Center at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
## Note
Authors are listed in alphabetical order, reflecting their equal contribution.
## Notes
1
We calculate the BIC = (chi square) – (degrees of freedom) × (natural log of sample size) to enable this interpretation. Through the remainder of the study, we refer to these BIC comparisons of the saturated and hypothesized model as “BIC” to avoid confusion with BIC differences across nested models, discussed later.
2
We set the first two thresholds of the ordinal SRH measures to 1 and 2 for several reasons. First, this permits us to estimate the means and variances of the continuous variables underlying the ordinal SRH measures, which is helpful for interpreting the models. Second, assuming that the first two thresholds are the same over time is more substantively plausible than assuming that the means or variances of the underlying variables are constant over time. Third, by setting the first two thresholds to 1 and 2, we can estimate the remaining two thresholds to see how close they are to the ordinal codings of 3 and 4; indeed, they are close for all waves of the SRH measures. This helps to explain why treating these ordinal variables as if they were continuous leads to results quite similar to the analysis in which we take account of their ordinal coding. See Jöreskog (2005), Wu and Estabrook (2016), and Fisher and Bollen (2020) for more discussion of these alternative methods to code ordinal variables.
3
This model is similar to the commonly used fixed-effects model, although it does not include any time-varying determinates of the repeated variable. Our emphasis is on the time-invariant nature of the variable in that it closely corresponds to the idea of an enduring influence. See Bollen and Brand (2010) for modeling fixed effects in a structural equation model.
4
We use one-fifth of a year in the quadratic models to reduce the magnitude of the slope parameters and help with model convergence.
5
Remember that the large sample sizes enhance statistical power and the probability of detecting substantively minor differences.
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https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-steamer-passenger-recorded-unusual-eruption | # Volcano Watch — Steamer passenger recorded unusual eruption
Release Date:
In February 1877, an unusual eruption occurred on Mauna Loa Volcano. Part of the eruption was submarine, and the eruptive fissure was neither at the summit nor along one of Mauna Loa's well-defined rift zones.
In February 1877, an unusual eruption occurred on Mauna Loa Volcano. Part of the eruption was submarine, and the eruptive fissure was neither at the summit nor along one of Mauna Loa's well-defined rift zones. It lasted only six hours on February 14 and occurred in Mokuaweoweo Crater, much like many other Mauna Loa eruptions. However, on February 24, the eruption migrated 22 miles from the summit to a series of fissures located offshore from Kealakekua Bay. At the time, only the shallowest of three eruptive fissures made itself known by the occurrence of steam and floating lava blocks within the bay.
The interisland steamer Kīlauea fortuitously arrived in Kealakekua Bay on the morning of the 24th, and a passenger wrote a detailed description of the submarine eruption in the Hawaiian Gazette, published in Honolulu on February 28th. The eruption was first observed about 3:00 a.m., when red, green, and blue lights appeared about one mile offshore. Daylight revealed steam and lava blocks on the ocean's surface along a west-northwest-trending line that extended one mile offshore, where the water's depth is about 120 to 360 feet. The surface of the ocean in the most active area appeared agitated, as though boiling, and many blocks of solid lava as large as two feet across rose from below. The lava blocks floated readily while hot and emitted sulfurous gases (probably mostly sulfur dioxide) but sank after cooling. Numerous fish were killed by the activity. The locations of the three submarine fissures are shown on the detailed map.
A strong earthquake, felt during the night of the eruption, may have signaled movement along the Kealakekua fault that allowed magma to enter fractures and erupt on the sea floor. The two deeper eruptive fissures were discovered during submersible dives using the U.S. Navy's Sea Cliff in 1975. The shallowest of the three ventareas was explored using the NOAA submersible Makalii, operated by the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory, in 1983. Laboratory analysis of the lavas recovered during these submersible dives reveals that the lavas were indeed submarine-erupted, as the chilled glass still contains dissolved gases that are lost to the atmosphere when lava erupts subaerially.
Eruptions on Mauna Loa Volcano occur not only at the summit and along two main rift zones that trend towards the southwest and the northeast, but also from radial vents on the north and northwest flanks of the volcano. The 1877 eruption in Kealakakua Bay was such an eruption, as was the 1859 Mauna Loa eruption that sent lava to the Kona coast north of Kiholo Bay through the saddle between Hualālai and Mauna Kea Volcanoes. The accompanying map shows the location of known radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, including those in Kealakekua Bay. By contrast, all known eruptive vents on Kīlauea Volcano, including the currently active eruptive vent on the East Rift Zone, occur in the summit area and along the two well-defined rift zones that extend towards the east and the southwest.
The area of vents, including the summit and rift zones of the active volcanoes Mauna Loa and Kīlauea, is defined as lava-flow hazard zone 1. The north and northwest flanks of Mauna Loa are included in hazard zones 2 and 3 because of their low areal coverage by flows in historic times and because the eruptions from radial vents on Mauna Loa occur only occasionally. However, this area, where eruptions have occurred along radial fissures in the past, could be subject to ground cracks, subsidence, and eruptive fissures that are otherwise restricted to hazard zone 1.
### Volcano Activity Update
The 10-year-long eruption at Kīlauea Volcano started up again during the morning on February 16, after a period of inactivity lasting about 10 days. The eruption, which is once again at the episode 51 vents on the west flank of Puu Oo, has been passive, with only small volumes of pasty lava flowing through the pre-existing tubes. By Thursday afternoon, the lava had advanced to the 1,900-foot level, where sluggish pahoehoe flows broke out of the tube system. A small lava pond once again occupies the Puu Oo Crater and produces a glow at night. The ground-vibration recorded near the vent (tremor) is of a much smaller amplitude than we have seen before during an eruptive period, and is consistent with our observations of the small volume of the flows and the passive nature of the eruption. | 2019-12-06T23:35:55 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5423775911331177, "perplexity": 6106.532859119362}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540491491.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206222837-20191207010837-00111.warc.gz"} |
https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-lest-we-forget-april-tsunami-awareness-month | Volcano Watch — Lest we forget, April is tsunami awareness month
Release Date:
April is "Tsunami Awareness Month" in Hawaii. Tsunami is the deadliest natural hazard in Hawaii. The month of April is chosen to remind people of this hazard because on April 1, 1946, a tsunami, generated in the Aleutians by a magnitude-7.8 earthquake, swept through the islands and killed 159 residents.
Recent newspaper and television stories have emphasized tsunami that originated far from Hawaii. These events from around the Pacific rim take 4 to 13 hours to reach Hawaii. What the news stories failed to publicize is the locally generated tsunami that can strike immediately after a very large Hawaiian earthquake.
The largest earthquake in the Hawaiian Islands in the past 200 years happened at 3:40 p.m. on April 2, 1868. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 and probably originated beneath the southeast flank of Mauna Loa.
Within minutes following the earthquake, coastal villages from Ka Lae to Kumukahi were inundated by a huge tsunami, at places over 15 m (50 feet) high. There were five large waves in succession, and the largest came first. Many villages were destroyed, and 75 people were swept out to sea and drowned.
The next locally generated tsunami resulted from a magnitude-6.9 earthquake from the Kealakekua fault in Kona at 00:57 a.m. on August 21, 1951. Sizeable waves struck Napoopoo and Milolii, with the largest 2 m (6-7 ft) high. The tide gage in Honolulu harbor recorded at least seven distinct oscillations starting 38 minutes after the earthquake. The oscillations had a period of 14 minutes and a maximum amplitude of 9 cm (3.6 inches).
A possible local tsunami occurred on March 17, 1952, at 6:00 p.m., when a wave inundated the yard of Kalapana School, 180 m (600 ft) inland from the ocean. A large earthquake had shaken the area about two minutes earlier. The large earthquake was one of 4,553 earthquakes recorded during a seven-week period from March 13 to April 30. The swarm of earthquakes originated offshore of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano.
Kalapana and the rest of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano were also hit by the most recent locally generated tsunami. A magnitude-7.2 earthquake that occurred at 4:48 a.m. on November 29, 1975, was located near Kalapana, and a tsunami was triggered by the ground deformation resulting from the earthquake.
The earthquake caused the shore near Halape in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to permanently shift 3.5 m (11.5 ft) down and 8 m (26 ft) seaward. This movement, together with possible unmeasured submarine movements associated with the earthquake, produced a tsunami that reached a height of 14.6 m (48 ft) at Halape.
The tsunami struck immediately after the shaking had stopped, and campers at Halape were engulfed by the waves. Two campers and several horses died.
The tsunami radiated away from the epicentral area and reached Punaluu in 10 minutes and Hilo in 20 minutes. The largest wave at Punaluu was 5.8 m (19 ft) high, and the maximum height of the wave in Hilo was 2.4 m (8 ft). The tsunami reached Kailua-Kona in 27 minutes and had a maximum height of 1.8 m (6 ft).
The tide gage in Kahului harbor on Maui recorded the arrival of the 1975 tsunami at 5:28 a.m., 40 minutes after the earthquake; the maximum wave height was 0.9 m (3 ft). The Honolulu tide gage first registered the tsunami at 5:37 a.m., and the largest displacement was 0.2 m (8 inches). The tide gage at Nawiliwili harbor on Kauai detected the tsunami at 5:44 a.m., and the maximum height was 0.3 m (1 ft).
The 1975 tsunami was recorded by tide gages in California. The travel time was slightly more than 5 hours, and the maximum wave amplitudes varied from 0.2 m (8 inches) in San Francisco to 0.8 m (2.6 ft) at Port San Luis just south of San Luis Obispo.
The tsunami warning system provides Hawaii residents ample time to evacuate from waves generated by distant Pacific rim earthquakes, but do not expect a warning for a locally generated tsunami. Only your awareness of the urgency to evacuate will save your life during a locally generated tsunami. Remember, if you are near the ocean when a large earthquake occurs, head for high ground immediately.
Volcano Activity Update
Eruptive activity of Kilauea Volcano continued unabated and effusively at the Puu Oo vent during the past week. Starting on the night of April 5-6, lava was extruded from several vents in the crater of Puu Oo as well as in the Episode 55 pit and Puka Nui, two small craters at the southwest base of the cone. A lava lake formed in Puu O`o's crater that persisted until April 7 or 8. Since then, glow can be seen at night from one or more vents in the crater. Bright glow persists over the "rootless" shield area, where short flows emanate from overflows of the perched ponds and from leaks at the base of the shields. Surface flows from breakouts of the tube system on Pulama pali and also on the fan at the base of the pali are frequently observed. There are no ocean entries.
One earthquake was reported felt during the week ending on April 11. A resident of Pahala felt a magnitude-2.7 shock at 8:36 p.m. on April 8. The earthquake was located about 4 miles northeast of Pahala at a depth of about 7 miles. | 2020-10-24T23:20:00 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.19914516806602478, "perplexity": 5346.154783846843}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107885059.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20201024223210-20201025013210-00096.warc.gz"} |
https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Akorner.janos | # zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Körner, János
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: korner.janos Published as: Körner, János; Körner, J.; Körner, Janos; Koerner, Janos; Koerner, J.; Korner, J. External Links: ORCID · Wikidata · GND
Documents Indexed: 98 Publications since 1972, including 4 Books 1 Further Contribution
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
10 single-authored 18 Fachini, Emanuela 15 Simonyi, Gábor 12 Csiszár, Imre 8 Cohen, Gérard Denis 7 Gargano, Luisa 7 Monti, Angelo 6 Vaccaro, Ugo 5 Ahlswede, Rudolf 5 Marton, Katalin 3 Gacs, Peter 3 Sgarro, Andrea 3 Wei, Victor K.-W. 2 Alon, Noga M. 2 Brightwell, Graham R. 2 Fairthorne, Marianne 2 Gretler, Walter 2 Longo, Giuseppe O. 2 Malvenuto, Claudia 2 Messuti, Silvia 2 Sinaimeri, Blerina 2 Tóth, Ágnes 1 Barg, Alexander M. 1 Berger, Toby 1 De Simone, Caterina 1 Dolecek, Lara 1 Dueck, Gunter 1 Ericson, Thomas H. E. 1 Gabrys, Ryan 1 Galluccio, Anna 1 Gelenbe, E. 1 Hollmann, Henk D. L. 1 Holzman, Ron 1 Hwang, Frank Kwangming 1 Katona, Gyula O. H. 1 Litsyn, Simon N. 1 Lovász, László 1 Lucertini, Mario 1 Massey, James L. 1 McGregor, Andrew 1 Mesnager, Sihem 1 Milenkovic, Olgica 1 Muzi, Irene 1 Orlitsky, Alon 1 Pilotto, Concetta 1 Pursley, Michael B. 1 Ruget, Gabriel 1 Steiner, Helfried 1 Tuza, Zsolt 1 Wolf, Jack Keil 1 Wyner, Aaron D. 1 Zémor, Gilles 1 Ziv, Jacob
all top 5
#### Serials
22 IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 11 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A 9 SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 7 Graphs and Combinatorics 5 Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 4 Discrete Mathematics 3 Journal of Graph Theory 3 Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 3 Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete 3 Combinatorica 2 Discrete Applied Mathematics 2 Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (ZAMM) 2 European Journal of Combinatorics 1 Journal of Combinatorics, Information & System Sciences 1 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series B 1 Rendiconti dell’Istituto di Matematica dell’Università di Trieste 1 SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods 1 Problems of Control and Information Theory 1 AT& T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal 1 CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences. Courses and Lectures
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#### Fields
62 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 56 Combinatorics (05-XX) 8 Computer science (68-XX) 4 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 2 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 2 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 2 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 1 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 1 Statistics (62-XX) 1 Systems theory; control (93-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH Open
74 Publications have been cited 747 times in 467 Documents Cited by Year
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. Zbl 0568.94012
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
1981
Broadcast channels with confidential messages. Zbl 0382.94017
Csiszar, Imre; Körner, Janos
1978
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. 2nd ed. Zbl 1256.94002
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
2011
Sperner capacities. Zbl 0771.05004
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1993
Fredman-Komlós bounds and information theory. Zbl 0603.05034
Körner, János
1986
Zero-error information theory. Zbl 0932.94019
Körner, János; Orlitsky, Alon
1998
New bounds for perfect hashing via information theory. Zbl 0676.68007
Körner, J.; Marton, K
1988
Entropy splitting for antiblocking corners and perfect graphs. Zbl 0734.05061
Csiszár, I.; Körner, J.; Lovász, László; Marton, K.; Simonyi, G.
1990
Capacities: From information theory to extremal set theory. Zbl 0807.94008
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1994
Coding of an information source having ambiguous alphabet and the entropy of graphs. Zbl 0298.94022
Körner, J.
1973
Graph pairs and their entropies: Modularity problems. Zbl 0959.05040
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor
2000
Qualitative independence and Sperner problems for directed graphs. Zbl 0765.05007
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1992
Common information is far less than mutual information. Zbl 0317.94025
Gács, P.; Körner, J.
1973
Bounds on conditional probabilities with applications in multi-user communication. Zbl 0349.94038
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Gacs, Peter; Körner, Janos
1976
Local chromatic number and Sperner capacity. Zbl 1071.05035
Körner, János; Pilotto, Concetta; Simonyi, Gábor
2005
A Sperner-type theorem and qualitative independence. Zbl 0758.05095
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor
1992
On the extremal combinatorics of the Hamming space. Zbl 0826.05054
Körner, János
1995
Compressing inconsistent data. Zbl 0939.68509
Körner, János; Lucertini, Mario
1994
Two-step encoding for finite sources. Zbl 0278.94011
Körner, Janos; Longo, Giuseppe
1973
Zero-error capacities and very different sequences. Zbl 0741.05002
Cohen, G.; Körner, J.; Simonyi, G.
1990
Perfect couples of graphs. Zbl 0778.05071
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor; Tuza, Zsolt
1992
Graphs that split entropies. Zbl 0692.05054
Körner, J.; Marton, K.
1988
Separating partition systems and locally different sequences. Zbl 0723.05039
Körner, János; Simony, Gábor
1988
Pairwise colliding permutations and the capacity of infinite graphs. Zbl 1110.05004
Körner, János; Malvenuto, Claudia
2006
Search problems for two irregular coins with incomplete feedback: The underweight model. Zbl 0751.68021
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1992
An extension of the class of perfect graphs. Zbl 0289.05132
Körner, J.
1974
Source coding with side information and a converse for degraded broadcast channels. Zbl 0315.94016
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Körner, Janos
1975
Coding for a write-once memory. Zbl 0579.68036
Wolf, J. K.; Wyner, A. D.; Ziv, J.; Körner, J.
1984
Permutation capacities of families of oriented infinite paths. Zbl 1233.05197
Brightwell, Graham; Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Fairthorne, Marianne; Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor; Tóth, Ágnes
2010
Graph-different permutations. Zbl 1167.05339
Körner, János; Malvenuto, Claudia; Simonyi, Gábor
2008
Reliability function of a discrete memoryless channel at rates above capacity. Zbl 0391.94009
Dueck, Gunter; Körner, János
1979
On types of growth for graph-different permutations. Zbl 1211.05150
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor; Sinaimeri, Blerina
2009
On the odd cycles of normal graphs. Zbl 0928.05035
De Simone, Caterina; Körner, János
1999
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. 2nd edition, reprint of the 2011 hardback edition. Zbl 1323.94002
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
2015
Locally thin set families. Zbl 0972.05050
Alon, Noga; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2000
Graph decomposition: A new key to coding theorems. Zbl 0474.94022
Csiszar, Imre; Koerner, Janos
1981
Trifference. Zbl 0847.05005
Körner, J.; Simonyi, G.
1995
General broadcast channels with degraded message sets. Zbl 0349.94039
Körner, Janos; Marton, Katalin
1977
Families of graph-different Hamilton paths. Zbl 1246.05160
Körner, János; Messuti, Silvia; Simonyi, Gábor
2012
Odd and even Hamming spheres also have minimum boundary. Zbl 0547.05004
Körner, Janos; Wei, Victor K.
1984
Selecting non-consecutive balls arranged in many lines. Zbl 0559.05003
Hwang, F. K.; Korner, J.; Wei, V. K.-W.
1984
Appendix: On common information and related characteristics of correlated information sources. Zbl 1158.94328
Ahlswede, R.; Körner, J.
2006
How to encode the modulo-two sum of binary sources. Zbl 0401.94017
Körner, Janos; Marton, Katalin
1979
String quartets in binary. Zbl 0978.05070
Alon, Noga; Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2000
Delta-systems and qualitative (in)dependence. Zbl 1010.05076
Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2002
Feedback does not affect the reliability function of a DMC at rates above capacity. Zbl 0467.94013
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
1982
On the capacity of the arbitrarily varying channel for maximum probability of error. Zbl 0479.94014
Csiszar, I.; Koerner, J.
1981
Correction to ”Bounds on conditional probabilities with applications in multi-user communication”. Zbl 0359.94011
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Gacs, Peter; Körner, Janos
1977
Degree-doubling graph families. Zbl 1392.05041
Körner, János; Muzi, Irene
2013
On the connection between the entropies of input and output distributions of discrete memoryless channels. Zbl 0368.94009
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Körner, Janos
1977
A better bound for locally thin set families. Zbl 0982.05101
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2001
Universally attainable error exponents for broadcast channels with degraded message sets. Zbl 0466.94016
Körner, Janos; Sgarro, Andrea
1980
On cancellative set families. Zbl 1135.05072
Körner, János; Sinaimeri, Blerina
2007
Comparison of two noisy channels. Zbl 0361.94031
Körner, J.; Marton, K.
1977
Tight packings of Hamming spheres. Zbl 0864.05028
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
1996
Cancellative pairs of families of sets. Zbl 0823.05057
Holzman, Ron; Körner, János
1995
Intersection number and capacities of graphs. Zbl 0855.05074
Körner, J.
1995
Compact representations of the intersection structure of families of finite sets. Zbl 0968.05057
Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2001
Different capacities of a digraph. Zbl 0804.05040
Galluccio, Anna; Gargano, Luisa; Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor
1994
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. (Teoriya informatsii: teorii kodirovaniya dlya diskretnykh sistem bez pamyaty). Transl. from the English. Zbl 0663.94001
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, Janos
1985
Random access communication and graph entropy. Zbl 0667.94001
Körner, J.; Marton, K.
1988
Path separation by short cycles. Zbl 1365.05151
Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2017
Families of locally separated Hamilton paths. Zbl 1393.05172
Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2018
Images of a set via two channels and their role in multi-user communication. Zbl 0375.94010
Körner, Janos; Marton, Katalin
1977
Cross-intersecting couples of graphs. Zbl 1128.05043
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2007
Colour number, capacity, and perfectness of directed graphs. Zbl 0990.05049
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2000
A note on counting very different sequences. Zbl 0992.05071
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2001
Towards a general theory of source networks. Zbl 0431.94027
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, Janos
1980
Tiling Hamming space with few spheres. Zbl 0883.05036
Hollmann, Henk D. L.; Körner, János; Litsyn, Simon
1997
On the capacity of Boolean graph formulæ. Zbl 0820.94013
Gargano, Luisa; Körner, János; Vaccaro, Ugo
1995
A new approach to rate-distorsion theory. Zbl 0634.94005
Körner, János; Sgarro, Andrea
1986
OPEC or a basic problem in source networks. Zbl 0541.94005
Körner, János
1984
Connector families of graphs. Zbl 1306.05124
Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2014
Skewincidence. Zbl 1365.94140
Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2011
Families of locally separated Hamilton paths. Zbl 1393.05172
Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2018
Path separation by short cycles. Zbl 1365.05151
Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2017
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. 2nd edition, reprint of the 2011 hardback edition. Zbl 1323.94002
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
2015
Connector families of graphs. Zbl 1306.05124
Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2014
Degree-doubling graph families. Zbl 1392.05041
Körner, János; Muzi, Irene
2013
Families of graph-different Hamilton paths. Zbl 1246.05160
Körner, János; Messuti, Silvia; Simonyi, Gábor
2012
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. 2nd ed. Zbl 1256.94002
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
2011
Skewincidence. Zbl 1365.94140
Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2011
Permutation capacities of families of oriented infinite paths. Zbl 1233.05197
Brightwell, Graham; Cohen, Gérard; Fachini, Emanuela; Fairthorne, Marianne; Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor; Tóth, Ágnes
2010
On types of growth for graph-different permutations. Zbl 1211.05150
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor; Sinaimeri, Blerina
2009
Graph-different permutations. Zbl 1167.05339
Körner, János; Malvenuto, Claudia; Simonyi, Gábor
2008
On cancellative set families. Zbl 1135.05072
Körner, János; Sinaimeri, Blerina
2007
Cross-intersecting couples of graphs. Zbl 1128.05043
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2007
Pairwise colliding permutations and the capacity of infinite graphs. Zbl 1110.05004
Körner, János; Malvenuto, Claudia
2006
Appendix: On common information and related characteristics of correlated information sources. Zbl 1158.94328
Ahlswede, R.; Körner, J.
2006
Local chromatic number and Sperner capacity. Zbl 1071.05035
Körner, János; Pilotto, Concetta; Simonyi, Gábor
2005
Delta-systems and qualitative (in)dependence. Zbl 1010.05076
Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2002
A better bound for locally thin set families. Zbl 0982.05101
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2001
Compact representations of the intersection structure of families of finite sets. Zbl 0968.05057
Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2001
A note on counting very different sequences. Zbl 0992.05071
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2001
Graph pairs and their entropies: Modularity problems. Zbl 0959.05040
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor
2000
Locally thin set families. Zbl 0972.05050
Alon, Noga; Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2000
String quartets in binary. Zbl 0978.05070
Alon, Noga; Körner, János; Monti, Angelo
2000
Colour number, capacity, and perfectness of directed graphs. Zbl 0990.05049
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
2000
On the odd cycles of normal graphs. Zbl 0928.05035
De Simone, Caterina; Körner, János
1999
Zero-error information theory. Zbl 0932.94019
Körner, János; Orlitsky, Alon
1998
Tiling Hamming space with few spheres. Zbl 0883.05036
Hollmann, Henk D. L.; Körner, János; Litsyn, Simon
1997
Tight packings of Hamming spheres. Zbl 0864.05028
Fachini, Emanuela; Körner, János
1996
On the extremal combinatorics of the Hamming space. Zbl 0826.05054
Körner, János
1995
Trifference. Zbl 0847.05005
Körner, J.; Simonyi, G.
1995
Cancellative pairs of families of sets. Zbl 0823.05057
Holzman, Ron; Körner, János
1995
Intersection number and capacities of graphs. Zbl 0855.05074
Körner, J.
1995
On the capacity of Boolean graph formulæ. Zbl 0820.94013
Gargano, Luisa; Körner, János; Vaccaro, Ugo
1995
Capacities: From information theory to extremal set theory. Zbl 0807.94008
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1994
Compressing inconsistent data. Zbl 0939.68509
Körner, János; Lucertini, Mario
1994
Different capacities of a digraph. Zbl 0804.05040
Galluccio, Anna; Gargano, Luisa; Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor
1994
Sperner capacities. Zbl 0771.05004
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1993
Qualitative independence and Sperner problems for directed graphs. Zbl 0765.05007
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1992
A Sperner-type theorem and qualitative independence. Zbl 0758.05095
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor
1992
Perfect couples of graphs. Zbl 0778.05071
Körner, János; Simonyi, Gábor; Tuza, Zsolt
1992
Search problems for two irregular coins with incomplete feedback: The underweight model. Zbl 0751.68021
Gargano, L.; Körner, J.; Vaccaro, U.
1992
Entropy splitting for antiblocking corners and perfect graphs. Zbl 0734.05061
Csiszár, I.; Körner, J.; Lovász, László; Marton, K.; Simonyi, G.
1990
Zero-error capacities and very different sequences. Zbl 0741.05002
Cohen, G.; Körner, J.; Simonyi, G.
1990
New bounds for perfect hashing via information theory. Zbl 0676.68007
Körner, J.; Marton, K
1988
Graphs that split entropies. Zbl 0692.05054
Körner, J.; Marton, K.
1988
Separating partition systems and locally different sequences. Zbl 0723.05039
Körner, János; Simony, Gábor
1988
Random access communication and graph entropy. Zbl 0667.94001
Körner, J.; Marton, K.
1988
Fredman-Komlós bounds and information theory. Zbl 0603.05034
Körner, János
1986
A new approach to rate-distorsion theory. Zbl 0634.94005
Körner, János; Sgarro, Andrea
1986
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. (Teoriya informatsii: teorii kodirovaniya dlya diskretnykh sistem bez pamyaty). Transl. from the English. Zbl 0663.94001
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, Janos
1985
Coding for a write-once memory. Zbl 0579.68036
Wolf, J. K.; Wyner, A. D.; Ziv, J.; Körner, J.
1984
Odd and even Hamming spheres also have minimum boundary. Zbl 0547.05004
Körner, Janos; Wei, Victor K.
1984
Selecting non-consecutive balls arranged in many lines. Zbl 0559.05003
Hwang, F. K.; Korner, J.; Wei, V. K.-W.
1984
OPEC or a basic problem in source networks. Zbl 0541.94005
Körner, János
1984
Feedback does not affect the reliability function of a DMC at rates above capacity. Zbl 0467.94013
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
1982
Information theory. Coding theorems for discrete memoryless systems. Zbl 0568.94012
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, János
1981
Graph decomposition: A new key to coding theorems. Zbl 0474.94022
Csiszar, Imre; Koerner, Janos
1981
On the capacity of the arbitrarily varying channel for maximum probability of error. Zbl 0479.94014
Csiszar, I.; Koerner, J.
1981
Universally attainable error exponents for broadcast channels with degraded message sets. Zbl 0466.94016
Körner, Janos; Sgarro, Andrea
1980
Towards a general theory of source networks. Zbl 0431.94027
Csiszár, Imre; Körner, Janos
1980
Reliability function of a discrete memoryless channel at rates above capacity. Zbl 0391.94009
Dueck, Gunter; Körner, János
1979
How to encode the modulo-two sum of binary sources. Zbl 0401.94017
Körner, Janos; Marton, Katalin
1979
Broadcast channels with confidential messages. Zbl 0382.94017
Csiszar, Imre; Körner, Janos
1978
General broadcast channels with degraded message sets. Zbl 0349.94039
Körner, Janos; Marton, Katalin
1977
Correction to ”Bounds on conditional probabilities with applications in multi-user communication”. Zbl 0359.94011
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Gacs, Peter; Körner, Janos
1977
On the connection between the entropies of input and output distributions of discrete memoryless channels. Zbl 0368.94009
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Körner, Janos
1977
Comparison of two noisy channels. Zbl 0361.94031
Körner, J.; Marton, K.
1977
Images of a set via two channels and their role in multi-user communication. Zbl 0375.94010
Körner, Janos; Marton, Katalin
1977
Bounds on conditional probabilities with applications in multi-user communication. Zbl 0349.94038
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Gacs, Peter; Körner, Janos
1976
Source coding with side information and a converse for degraded broadcast channels. Zbl 0315.94016
Ahlswede, Rudolf; Körner, Janos
1975
An extension of the class of perfect graphs. Zbl 0289.05132
Körner, J.
1974
Coding of an information source having ambiguous alphabet and the entropy of graphs. Zbl 0298.94022
Körner, J.
1973
Common information is far less than mutual information. Zbl 0317.94025
Gács, P.; Körner, J.
1973
Two-step encoding for finite sources. Zbl 0278.94011
Körner, Janos; Longo, Giuseppe
1973
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#### Cited by 694 Authors
28 Körner, János 17 Boche, Holger 16 Ahlswede, Rudolf 15 Simonyi, Gábor 13 Vaccaro, Ugo 12 Dragomir, Sever Silvestru 10 Cohen, Gérard Denis 10 Gargano, Luisa 9 Fachini, Emanuela 7 Colbourn, Charles J. 7 De Bonis, Annalisa 7 Nötzel, Janis 6 Alon, Noga M. 6 Cai, Ning 6 Gyárfás, András 6 Janßen, Gisbert 5 Bjelaković, Igor 5 Csirmaz, László 5 Csiszár, Imre 5 Fiorini, Samuel 5 Gisin, Nicolas 5 Wilde, Mark M. 4 Acin, Antonio 4 Boucheron, Stéphane Vincent 4 Cardinal, Jean 4 Cerone, Pietro 4 Dai, Bin 4 Deppe, Christian 4 D’yachkov, Arkadii G. 4 Encheva, Sylvia B. 4 Kabatiansky, Grigorii A. 4 Klavžar, Sandi 4 Litsyn, Simon N. 4 Liu, Wenan 4 Luo, Yuan 4 Moura, Lucia 4 Polyansky, Nikita A. 4 Sarkar, Kaushik 4 Sgarro, Andrea 4 Soltész, Daniel 4 Song, Zixia 4 Tardos, Gábor 3 Bohman, Tom 3 Cai, Minglai 3 De Santis, Alfredo 3 Dehmer, Matthias 3 Englert, Berthold-Georg 3 Furedi, Zoltan 3 Gurvich, Vladimir A. 3 Haroutunian, Evgueni A. 3 Hayashi, Masahito 3 Hsieh, Min-Hsiu 3 Joret, Gwenaël 3 Katona, Gyula O. H. 3 Kikianty, Eder 3 Lugosi, Gábor 3 Maltais, Elizabeth 3 Masanes, Lluis 3 Matveev, Alexey S. 3 Meagher, Karen 3 Monti, Angelo 3 Nakiboğlu, Barış 3 Nie, Zankan 3 Pathak, Anirban 3 Romashchenko, Andrei 3 Sarkozy, Gabor N. 3 Shchukin, V. Yu. 3 Shen, Alexander 3 Shields, Paul C. 3 Stevens, Brett 3 Tamo, Itzhak (Zachi) 3 Vinck, A. J. Han 3 Yin, Jianxing 2 Anantharam, Venkat 2 Beigi, Salman 2 Ben-Israel, Adi 2 Ben-Tal, Aharon 2 Benevides, Fabricio Siqueira 2 Blundo, Carlo 2 Capocelli, Renato M. 2 Changiz Rezaei, Seyed Saeed 2 Costa, Simone A. 2 Dalai, Marco 2 de Oliveira Bastos, Josefran 2 Debuisschert, Thierry 2 Durt, Thomas 2 Egorova, E. E. 2 Etesami, Omid 2 Farràs, Oriol 2 Fernandez, Marcel 2 Fu, Fangwei 2 Fujita, Shinya 2 Godsil, Christopher David 2 Gohari, Amin Aminzadeh 2 Györfi, László 2 Hajiabolhassan, Hossein 2 Hollmann, Henk D. L. 2 Horodecki, Karol 2 Horodecki, Michał 2 Horodecki, Paweł ...and 594 more Authors
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#### Cited in 144 Serials
26 Problems of Information Transmission 24 Discrete Applied Mathematics 23 Discrete Mathematics 19 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A 14 Graphs and Combinatorics 13 Designs, Codes and Cryptography 13 Quantum Information Processing 11 Journal of Mathematical Physics 11 Theoretical Computer Science 11 International Journal of Quantum Information 10 SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 9 Communications in Mathematical Physics 8 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series B 7 Journal of Graph Theory 7 Combinatorica 7 The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 6 Information Sciences 6 Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 6 Entropy 5 Information Processing Letters 5 Israel Journal of Mathematics 5 Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete 5 European Journal of Combinatorics 5 Information and Computation 4 Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 4 The Annals of Statistics 4 Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 4 Kybernetika 4 Journal of Combinatorial Designs 3 Reviews of Modern Physics 3 The Annals of Probability 3 Applied Mathematics and Computation 3 Order 3 Journal of Complexity 3 Theory of Computing Systems 2 International Journal of Control 2 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2 Journal of Statistical Physics 2 Fuzzy Sets and Systems 2 Inventiones Mathematicae 2 Journal of Computer and System Sciences 2 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 2 Cybernetics and Systems 2 Systems & Control Letters 2 Applied Mathematics Letters 2 Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2 Journal of Cryptology 2 Linear Algebra and its Applications 2 Stochastic Processes and their Applications 2 Mathematical Programming. Series A. Series B 2 The Australasian Journal of Combinatorics 2 Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 2 Turkish Journal of Mathematics 2 Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2 Journal of Combinatorial Optimization 2 Journal of Modern Optics 2 Physical Review A, Third Series 1 International Journal of Modern Physics A 1 American Mathematical Monthly 1 Bell System Technical Journal 1 Biological Cybernetics 1 International Journal of General Systems 1 Linear and Multilinear Algebra 1 Metrika 1 Ukrainian Mathematical Journal 1 Journal of Geometry and Physics 1 Acta Mathematica Vietnamica 1 Computing 1 Publications Mathématiques 1 Journal of Functional Analysis 1 Journal of Soviet Mathematics 1 Monatshefte für Mathematik 1 Results in Mathematics 1 SIAM Journal on Computing 1 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 1 SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods 1 Operations Research Letters 1 Acta Mathematica Hungarica 1 Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis 1 Statistical Science 1 Algorithmica 1 Computers & Operations Research 1 Journal of Automated Reasoning 1 International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 1 MCSS. Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems 1 Neural Networks 1 Annals of Operations Research 1 Random Structures & Algorithms 1 The Annals of Applied Probability 1 MSCS. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 1 Applications of Mathematics 1 Discrete Mathematics and Applications 1 M$$^3$$AS. Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences 1 Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA 1 Aequationes Mathematicae 1 Automation and Remote Control 1 Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. New Series 1 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 1 Acta Mathematica Sinica. New Series 1 Distributed Computing ...and 44 more Serials
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#### Cited in 35 Fields
225 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 165 Combinatorics (05-XX) 80 Computer science (68-XX) 70 Quantum theory (81-XX) 42 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 36 Statistics (62-XX) 27 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 20 Real functions (26-XX) 12 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 8 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 8 Number theory (11-XX) 8 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 7 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 7 Measure and integration (28-XX) 7 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 6 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 6 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 5 Functional analysis (46-XX) 5 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 3 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 3 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 3 Operator theory (47-XX) 3 Geometry (51-XX) 3 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 2 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 1 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Algebraic geometry (14-XX) 1 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 1 Several complex variables and analytic spaces (32-XX) 1 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 1 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 1 Differential geometry (53-XX) 1 General topology (54-XX) 1 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata. | 2021-12-08T03:43:32 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.48358839750289917, "perplexity": 13985.552972513124}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363437.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208022710-20211208052710-00346.warc.gz"} |
http://mechanics.wikidot.com/potential | The Electric Potential
Notice: this page is actively under construction
An electron in a three-dimensional space with a proton-core providing the reference frame.
Consider an electron $\sf{e}^{-}$ in a three-dimensional space located at some position noted by $\overline{r}$. The frame-of-reference for this space is provided by + a proton-core. The electon's position and tripartite dimensionality is presumably established by a history interactions with + and $\, \gamma _{\tiny{\bigcirc}}$ a circularly polarized photon that is part of the proton's electromagnetic field.
Bringing an electron into the description changes the configuration of quarks in the frame, and this requires that some work be done. As discussed earlier we note the work needed to establish the proton and photon by $W$. And $W^{\prime} \left( \overline{r} \right)$ notes the work required to assemble + and $\, \gamma _{\tiny{\bigcirc}}$ with $\sf{e}^{-}$ at $\overline{r}$. Then these quantities determine $\mathcal{V}$ the electric potential as
\begin{align} \mathcal{V} \left( \overline{r} \right) \equiv \frac{W^{\prime} - W }{q} \end{align}
where $q$ is the charge of the electron. The conventional unit used when measuring an electric potential is called the Volt abbreviated by (V). And any difference in electric potential between two positions is known as a voltage.
page revision: 33, last edited: 25 Mar 2017 05:44
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https://www.zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Ahajek.petr | # zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Hájek, Petr
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: hajek.petr Published as: Hajek, P.; Hajek, Peter; Hajek, Petr; Hájek, P.; Hájek, Petr External Links: MGP · Wikidata · dblp · GND
Documents Indexed: 197 Publications since 1963, including 17 Books Biographic References: 9 Publications
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#### Co-Authors
108 single-authored 9 Godo, Lluís 8 Cintula, Petr 7 Gottwald, Siegfried 7 Montagna, Franco 7 Vopenka, Petr 6 Pudlák, Pavel 4 Esteva, Francesc 4 Havranek, Tomas 4 Paris, Jeffrey Bruce 3 Chytil, Metodej K. 3 Hájková, Marie 3 Harmancová, Dagmar 3 Havel, Ivan M. 3 Holeňa, Martin 3 Noguera, Carles 3 Rauch, Jan 3 Shepherdson, John C. 2 Baaz, Matthias 2 Bendova, Kamila 2 Dubois, Didier 2 Fermüller, Christian G. 2 Haniková, Zuzana 2 Kůrka, Petr 2 Novák, Vilém 2 Prade, Henri M. 2 Švejda, David 2 Valdés, Julio J. 1 Balcar, Bohuslav 1 Běhounek, Libor 1 Bukovský, Lev 1 Buss, Samuel R. 1 Clote, Peter G. 1 Coufal, David 1 Daniel, Milan 1 Feglar, Tomáš 1 Font, Josep Maria 1 Harmanec, David 1 Höhle, Ulrich 1 Horčík, Rostislav 1 Kacprzyk, Janusz 1 Kalasek, Pavel 1 Klement, Erich Peter 1 Kohout, Ladislav J. 1 Krajíček, Jan 1 Kučera, Antonín 1 Marek, V. Wiktor 1 Mesiar, Radko 1 Navara, Mirko 1 Ojeda-Aciego, Manuel 1 Olej, Vladimír 1 Renc, Zdeněk 1 Sochor, Antonin 1 Sochorová, A. 1 Švejdar, Vítězslav 1 Tulipani, Sauro 1 Valdés-Villanueva, Luis 1 Veith, Helmut 1 Verbrugge, Rineke 1 Westerståhl, Dag 1 Wiedermann, Jiří 1 Zvarova, Jana
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#### Serials
15 Fuzzy Sets and Systems 10 Studia Logica 8 Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae 7 Kybernetika 7 Bulletin de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des Sciences Mathématiques, Astronomiques et Physiques 6 The Journal of Symbolic Logic 6 Zeitschrift für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 6 Archive for Mathematical Logic 5 Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 5 Journal of Logic and Computation 5 Logic Journal of the IGPL 5 Soft Computing 4 International Journal of General Systems 4 International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 4 Mathematical Logic Quarterly (MLQ) 3 Časopis Pro Pěstování Matematiky 3 Theoretical Computer Science 3 Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 3 Fundamenta Informaticae 3 International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 3 Lecture Notes in Logic 3 Studies in Logic (London) 2 Archiv für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung 2 Fundamenta Mathematicae 2 Computers and Artificial Intelligence 2 Perspectives in Mathematical Logic 1 Artificial Intelligence 1 Computing 1 Journal of Computer and System Sciences 1 Annales Societatis Mathematicae Polonae. Series IV 1 Computational Statistics Quarterly 1 International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 1 Elektronische Informationsverarbeitung und Kybernetik 1 Pokroky Matematiky, Fyziky & Astronomie 1 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 1 Journal of Logic, Language and Information 1 Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 1 Matemática Contemporânea 1 Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing 1 Matematicko-Fyzikálny Časopis, Slovenskej Akadémie Vied 1 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1 Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics 1 Trends in Logic – Studia Logica Library 1 The Review of Symbolic Logic 1 Universitext 1 Perspectives in Logic
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#### Fields
160 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 59 Computer science (68-XX) 13 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 9 Statistics (62-XX) 7 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 3 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 2 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Category theory; homological algebra (18-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH
133 Publications have been cited 2,457 times in 1,689 Documents Cited by Year
Metamathematics of fuzzy logic. Zbl 0937.03030
Hájek, Petr
1998
Metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. Zbl 0781.03047
Hájek, Petr; Pudlák, Pavel
1993
Terminological difficulties in fuzzy set theory – the case of “intuitionistic fuzzy sets”. Zbl 1098.03061
Dubois, Didier; Gottwald, Siegfried; Hajek, Petr; Kacprzyk, Janusz; Prade, Henri
2005
Residuated fuzzy logics with an involutive negation. Zbl 0965.03035
Esteva, Francesc; Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr; Navara, Mirko
2000
A complete many-valued logic with product-conjunction. Zbl 0848.03005
Hájek, Petr; Godo, Lluis; Esteva, Francesc
1996
Metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. 2nd printing. Zbl 0889.03053
Hájek, Petr; Pudlák, Pavel
1998
On very true. Zbl 0997.03028
Hájek, Petr
2001
Hoops and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1039.03016
Esteva, Francesc; Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
2003
Making fuzzy description logic more general. Zbl 1094.03014
Hájek, Petr
2005
Observations on non-commutative fuzzy logic. Zbl 1075.03009
Hájek, P.
2003
On theories and models in fuzzy predicate logics. Zbl 1111.03030
Hájek, Petr; Cintula, Petr
2006
On copulas, quasicopulas and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1152.03018
2008
Triangular norm based predicate fuzzy logics. Zbl 1200.03020
Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr
2010
Fuzzy logics with noncommutative conjunctions. Zbl 1036.03018
Hájek, Petr
2003
Observations on the monoidal t-norm logic. Zbl 1012.03035
Hájek, Petr
2002
Knowledge-driven versus data-driven logics. Zbl 0942.03023
Dubois, Didier; Hájek, Petr; Prade, Henri
2000
Mechanizing hypothesis formation. Mathematical foundations for a general theory. Zbl 0371.02002
Hajek, P.; Havranek, T.
1978
The GUHA method of automatic hypotheses determination. Zbl 0168.26105
Hajek, P.; Havel, I.; Chytil, M.
1966
Triangular norm-based mathematical fuzzy logics. Zbl 1078.03020
Gottwald, Siegfried; Hájek, Petr
2005
Handbook of mathematical fuzzy logic. Volume 2. Zbl 1283.03002
Cintula, Petr (ed.); Hájek, Petr (ed.); Noguera, Carles (ed.)
2011
Rational Pavelka predicate logic is a conservative extension of Łukasiewicz predicate logic. Zbl 0971.03025
Hájek, Petr; Paris, Jeff; Shepherdson, John
2000
The Liar paradox and fuzzy logic. Zbl 0945.03031
Hájek, Petr; Paris, Jeff; Shepherdson, John
2000
Formal systems of fuzzy logic and their fragments. Zbl 1140.03010
Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr; Horčík, Rostislav
2007
On witnessed models in fuzzy logic. Zbl 1110.03013
Hájek, Petr
2007
Complexity of t-tautologies. Zbl 1006.03022
Baaz, Matthias; Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco; Veith, Helmut
2002
Arithmetical complexity of fuzzy predicate logics – a survey. Zbl 1093.03012
Hájek, P.
2005
The sorites paradox and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1044.03017
Hájek, Petr; Novák, Vilém
2003
A fuzzy modal logic for belief functions. Zbl 1044.03009
Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr; Esteva, Francesc
2003
On the metamathematics of fuzzy logic. Zbl 1007.03022
Hájek, Petr
2000
On fuzzy modal logics $$S5(\mathcal C)$$. Zbl 1210.03020
Hájek, Petr
2010
What is mathematical fuzzy logic. Zbl 1108.03028
Hájek, Petr
2006
On Łukasiewicz’s four-valued modal logic. Zbl 0998.03022
Font, Josep Maria; Hájek, Petr
2002
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. Zbl 0857.03011
Hájek, Petr
1995
The logic of $$\Pi_ 1$$-conservativity. Zbl 0713.03007
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
1990
Interpretability and fragments of arithmetic. Zbl 0791.03033
Hájek, Petr
1993
Combining functions for certainty degrees in consulting systems. Zbl 0567.68055
Hájek, Petr
1985
Introduction to mathematical fuzzy logic. Zbl 1284.03175
Běhounek, Libor; Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr
2011
On arithmetic in the Cantor-Łukasiewicz fuzzy set theory. Zbl 1096.03064
Hájek, Petr
2005
A development of set theory in fuzzy logic. Zbl 1040.03041
Hájek, Petr; Haniková, Zuzana
2003
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. III. Zbl 0988.03042
Hájek, Petr
2001
A qualitative fuzzy possibilistic logic. Zbl 0819.03017
Hájek, Petr; Harmancová, Dagmar; Verbrugge, Rineke
1995
The theory of semisets. Zbl 0332.02064
Vopenka, Petr; Hajek, Petr
1972
The GUHA method and the three-valued logic. Zbl 0232.68034
Hájek, Petr; Bendová, Kamila; Renc, Zdeněk
1971
Handbook of mathematical fuzzy logic. Volume 1. Zbl 1283.03001
Cintula, Petr (ed.); Hájek, Petr (ed.); Noguera, Carles (ed.)
2011
Computational complexity of t-norm based propositional fuzzy logics with rational truth constants. Zbl 1104.03015
Hájek, Petr
2006
A non-arithmetical Gödel logic. Zbl 1086.03018
Hájek, Petr
2005
Complexity of fuzzy probability logics. Zbl 0972.03025
Hájek, Petr; Tulipani, Sauro
2001
A hedge for Gödel fuzzy logic. Zbl 1113.03318
Hájek, Petr; Harmancová, Dagmar
2000
Complexity of fuzzy probability logics. II. Zbl 1124.03008
Hájek, Petr
2007
A new small emendation of Gödel’s ontological proof. Zbl 1016.03020
Hájek, Petr
2002
Magari and others on Gödel’s ontological proof. Zbl 0859.03010
Hájek, Petr
1996
The logic of $$\Pi_ 1$$-conservativity continued. Zbl 0790.03018
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
1992
On interpretability in set theories. Zbl 0231.02087
Hájek, Petr
1971
On vagueness, truth values and fuzzy logics. Zbl 1173.03023
Hájek, Petr
2009
A note on the first-order logic of complete BL-chains. Zbl 1152.03019
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
2008
On witnessed models in fuzzy logic. II. Zbl 1126.03031
Hájek, Petr
2007
Fleas and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1078.03021
Hájek, Petr
2005
Fuzzy inference as deduction. Zbl 1033.03018
Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr
1999
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. II. Zbl 0869.03015
Hájek, Petr
1997
Fuzzy implications and generalized quantifiers. Zbl 1232.03017
1996
Some conservativeness results for nonstandard dynamic logic. Zbl 0617.03012
Hajek, P.
1986
Arithmetical hierarchy and complexity of computation. Zbl 0402.03038
Hajek, Petr
1979
The GUHA method and its meaning for data mining. Zbl 1186.68160
Hájek, Petr; Holeňa, Martin; Rauch, Jan
2010
Monadic fuzzy predicate logics. Zbl 1006.03023
Hájek, Petr
2002
Ten questions and one problem on fuzzy logic. Zbl 0930.03024
Hájek, Petr
1999
Embedding logics into product logic. Zbl 0962.03019
Baaz, Matthias; Hájek, Petr; Krajíček, Jan; Švejda, David
1998
A note on the normal form of closed formulas of interpretability logic. Zbl 0728.03015
Hájek, Petr; Švejdar, Vítězslav
1991
Experimental logics and $$\Pi^0_3$$ theories. Zbl 0428.03043
Hajek, Petr
1978
On sequences of degrees of constructibility (solution of Friedman’s Problem 75). Zbl 0414.03032
Balcar, Bohuslav; Hajek, Petr
1978
On generation of inductive hypotheses. Zbl 0372.68026
Hajek, Petr; Havranek, Tomas
1977
Automatic listing of important observational statements. III. Zbl 0289.68047
Hajek, Petr
1974
Modelle der Mengenlehre in denen Mengen gegebener Gestalt existieren. Zbl 0171.26402
Hajek, P.
1965
Complexity issues in axiomatic extensions of Łukasiewicz logic. Zbl 1165.03009
Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr
2009
Basic fuzzy logic and BL-algebras. II. Zbl 1018.03021
Hájek, P.
2003
GUHA for personal computers. Zbl 0875.62013
Hájek, P.; Sochorová, A.; Zvárová, J.
1995
On some formalized conservation results in arithmetic. Zbl 0689.03027
Clote, P.; Hájek, P.; Paris, J.
1990
Towards a probabilistic analysis of MYCIN-like expert systems. Zbl 0729.68507
Hajek, P.
1988
Combinatorial principles concerning approximations of functions. Zbl 0645.03057
Hájek, Petr; Paris, Jeff
1987
A simple dynamic logic. Zbl 0612.03014
Hájek, Petr
1986
On interpretability in theories containing arithmetic. Zbl 0262.02049
Hajkova, Marie; Hajek, Petr
1972
On interpretability in set theories. II. Zbl 0251.02064
Hajek, Petr
1972
The problem of a general conception of the GUHA method. Zbl 0169.31802
Hajek, P.
1968
Über die Gültigkeit des Fundierungsaxioms in speziellen Systemen der Mengentheorie. Zbl 0118.25601
Vopěnka, Petr; Hájek, Petr
1963
Arithmetical complexity of fuzzy predicate logics – a survey. II. Zbl 1182.03050
Hájek, Petr
2009
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. IV. Zbl 1084.03020
Hájek, Petr
2004
Formal logics of discovery and hypothesis formation by machine. Zbl 1018.03025
Hájek, Petr; Holeňa, Martin
2003
Fuzzy logic as logic. Zbl 0859.68095
Hájek, Petr
1995
On recursion theory in $$I\Sigma_ 1$$. Zbl 0703.03019
Hájek, Petr; Kučera, Antonín
1989
On interpretability in theories containing arithmetic. II. Zbl 0487.03032
Hajek, Petr
1981
GUHA - the method of systematical hypotheses searching. Zbl 0316.68049
Hajek, Petr; Havel, Ivan; Chytil, Metodej
1966
Metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. Reprint of the 1993 original published by Springer. Zbl 1365.03008
Hájek, Petr; Pudlák, Pavel
2016
On equality and natural numbers in Cantor-Łukasiewicz set theory. Zbl 1283.03086
Hájek, Petr
2013
Arithmetical complexity of first-order fuzzy logics. Zbl 1284.03180
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco; Noguera, Carles
2011
On arithmetical complexity of fragments of prominent fuzzy predicate logics. Zbl 1142.03014
Hájek, Petr
2008
Mathematical fuzzy logic and natural numbers. Zbl 1139.03016
Hájek, Petr
2007
Embedding standard BL-algebras into non-commutative pseudo-BL-algebras. Zbl 1068.06012
Hájek, Petr
2003
A note on the notion of truth in fuzzy logic. Zbl 1004.03020
Hájek, Petr; Shepherdson, John
2001
Deductive systems of fuzzy logic. Zbl 0915.03023
Hájek, Petr; Godo, Lluis
1997
Gödel ’96. Logical foundations of mathematics, computer science and physics – Kurt Gödel’s legacy. Proceedings of a conference, Brno, Czech Republic, August 1996. Zbl 0844.00017
Hájek, Petr (ed.)
1996
Getting belief functions from Kripke models. Zbl 0845.03003
Hájek, Petr
1996
Metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. Reprint of the 1993 original published by Springer. Zbl 1365.03008
Hájek, Petr; Pudlák, Pavel
2016
On equality and natural numbers in Cantor-Łukasiewicz set theory. Zbl 1283.03086
Hájek, Petr
2013
Some remarks on Cantor-Łukasiewicz fuzzy set theory. Zbl 1283.03087
Hájek, Petr
2013
Handbook of mathematical fuzzy logic. Volume 2. Zbl 1283.03002
Cintula, Petr (ed.); Hájek, Petr (ed.); Noguera, Carles (ed.)
2011
Introduction to mathematical fuzzy logic. Zbl 1284.03175
Běhounek, Libor; Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr
2011
Handbook of mathematical fuzzy logic. Volume 1. Zbl 1283.03001
Cintula, Petr (ed.); Hájek, Petr (ed.); Noguera, Carles (ed.)
2011
Arithmetical complexity of first-order fuzzy logics. Zbl 1284.03180
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco; Noguera, Carles
2011
A conversation about fuzzy logic and vagueness. Zbl 1275.03102
Fermüller, Christian G.; Hájek, Petr
2011
Towards metamathematics of weak arithmetics over fuzzy logic. Zbl 1243.03032
Hájek, Petr
2011
Triangular norm based predicate fuzzy logics. Zbl 1200.03020
Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr
2010
On fuzzy modal logics $$S5(\mathcal C)$$. Zbl 1210.03020
Hájek, Petr
2010
The GUHA method and its meaning for data mining. Zbl 1186.68160
Hájek, Petr; Holeňa, Martin; Rauch, Jan
2010
On witnessed models in fuzzy logic. III: Witnessed Gödel logics. Zbl 1191.03019
Hájek, Petr
2010
On vagueness, truth values and fuzzy logics. Zbl 1173.03023
Hájek, Petr
2009
Complexity issues in axiomatic extensions of Łukasiewicz logic. Zbl 1165.03009
Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr
2009
Arithmetical complexity of fuzzy predicate logics – a survey. II. Zbl 1182.03050
Hájek, Petr
2009
Municipal creditworthiness modelling by kernel-based approaches with supervised and semi-supervised learning. Zbl 1187.68392
2009
On copulas, quasicopulas and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1152.03018
2008
A note on the first-order logic of complete BL-chains. Zbl 1152.03019
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
2008
On arithmetical complexity of fragments of prominent fuzzy predicate logics. Zbl 1142.03014
Hájek, Petr
2008
Formal systems of fuzzy logic and their fragments. Zbl 1140.03010
Cintula, Petr; Hájek, Petr; Horčík, Rostislav
2007
On witnessed models in fuzzy logic. Zbl 1110.03013
Hájek, Petr
2007
Complexity of fuzzy probability logics. II. Zbl 1124.03008
Hájek, Petr
2007
On witnessed models in fuzzy logic. II. Zbl 1126.03031
Hájek, Petr
2007
Mathematical fuzzy logic and natural numbers. Zbl 1139.03016
Hájek, Petr
2007
On theories and models in fuzzy predicate logics. Zbl 1111.03030
Hájek, Petr; Cintula, Petr
2006
What is mathematical fuzzy logic. Zbl 1108.03028
Hájek, Petr
2006
Computational complexity of t-norm based propositional fuzzy logics with rational truth constants. Zbl 1104.03015
Hájek, Petr
2006
Mathematical fuzzy logic – what it can learn from Mostowski and Rasiowa. Zbl 1112.03017
Hájek, Petr
2006
Terminological difficulties in fuzzy set theory – the case of “intuitionistic fuzzy sets”. Zbl 1098.03061
Dubois, Didier; Gottwald, Siegfried; Hajek, Petr; Kacprzyk, Janusz; Prade, Henri
2005
Making fuzzy description logic more general. Zbl 1094.03014
Hájek, Petr
2005
Triangular norm-based mathematical fuzzy logics. Zbl 1078.03020
Gottwald, Siegfried; Hájek, Petr
2005
Arithmetical complexity of fuzzy predicate logics – a survey. Zbl 1093.03012
Hájek, P.
2005
On arithmetic in the Cantor-Łukasiewicz fuzzy set theory. Zbl 1096.03064
Hájek, Petr
2005
A non-arithmetical Gödel logic. Zbl 1086.03018
Hájek, Petr
2005
Fleas and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1078.03021
Hájek, Petr
2005
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. IV. Zbl 1084.03020
Hájek, Petr
2004
The GUHA method, data preprocessing and mining. Zbl 1099.68690
Hájek, Petr; Rauch, Jan; Coufal, David; Feglar, Tomáš
2004
Hoops and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1039.03016
Esteva, Francesc; Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
2003
Observations on non-commutative fuzzy logic. Zbl 1075.03009
Hájek, P.
2003
Fuzzy logics with noncommutative conjunctions. Zbl 1036.03018
Hájek, Petr
2003
The sorites paradox and fuzzy logic. Zbl 1044.03017
Hájek, Petr; Novák, Vilém
2003
A fuzzy modal logic for belief functions. Zbl 1044.03009
Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr; Esteva, Francesc
2003
A development of set theory in fuzzy logic. Zbl 1040.03041
Hájek, Petr; Haniková, Zuzana
2003
Basic fuzzy logic and BL-algebras. II. Zbl 1018.03021
Hájek, P.
2003
Formal logics of discovery and hypothesis formation by machine. Zbl 1018.03025
Hájek, Petr; Holeňa, Martin
2003
Embedding standard BL-algebras into non-commutative pseudo-BL-algebras. Zbl 1068.06012
Hájek, Petr
2003
Mathematical fuzzy logic – state of art 2001. Zbl 1078.03508
Hájek, Petr
2003
On generalized quantifiers, finite sets and data mining. Zbl 1091.68532
Hájek, Petr
2003
Observations on the monoidal t-norm logic. Zbl 1012.03035
Hájek, Petr
2002
Complexity of t-tautologies. Zbl 1006.03022
Baaz, Matthias; Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco; Veith, Helmut
2002
On Łukasiewicz’s four-valued modal logic. Zbl 0998.03022
Font, Josep Maria; Hájek, Petr
2002
A new small emendation of Gödel’s ontological proof. Zbl 1016.03020
Hájek, Petr
2002
Monadic fuzzy predicate logics. Zbl 1006.03023
Hájek, Petr
2002
Why fuzzy logic? Zbl 1068.03018
Hájek, Petr
2002
On very true. Zbl 0997.03028
Hájek, Petr
2001
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. III. Zbl 0988.03042
Hájek, Petr
2001
Complexity of fuzzy probability logics. Zbl 0972.03025
Hájek, Petr; Tulipani, Sauro
2001
A note on the notion of truth in fuzzy logic. Zbl 1004.03020
Hájek, Petr; Shepherdson, John
2001
Residuated fuzzy logics with an involutive negation. Zbl 0965.03035
Esteva, Francesc; Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr; Navara, Mirko
2000
Knowledge-driven versus data-driven logics. Zbl 0942.03023
Dubois, Didier; Hájek, Petr; Prade, Henri
2000
Rational Pavelka predicate logic is a conservative extension of Łukasiewicz predicate logic. Zbl 0971.03025
Hájek, Petr; Paris, Jeff; Shepherdson, John
2000
The Liar paradox and fuzzy logic. Zbl 0945.03031
Hájek, Petr; Paris, Jeff; Shepherdson, John
2000
On the metamathematics of fuzzy logic. Zbl 1007.03022
Hájek, Petr
2000
A hedge for Gödel fuzzy logic. Zbl 1113.03318
Hájek, Petr; Harmancová, Dagmar
2000
Fuzzy inference as deduction. Zbl 1033.03018
Godo, Lluís; Hájek, Petr
1999
Ten questions and one problem on fuzzy logic. Zbl 0930.03024
Hájek, Petr
1999
Metamathematics of fuzzy logic. Zbl 0937.03030
Hájek, Petr
1998
Metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. 2nd printing. Zbl 0889.03053
Hájek, Petr; Pudlák, Pavel
1998
Embedding logics into product logic. Zbl 0962.03019
Baaz, Matthias; Hájek, Petr; Krajíček, Jan; Švejda, David
1998
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. II. Zbl 0869.03015
Hájek, Petr
1997
Deductive systems of fuzzy logic. Zbl 0915.03023
Hájek, Petr; Godo, Lluis
1997
A complete many-valued logic with product-conjunction. Zbl 0848.03005
Hájek, Petr; Godo, Lluis; Esteva, Francesc
1996
Magari and others on Gödel’s ontological proof. Zbl 0859.03010
Hájek, Petr
1996
Fuzzy implications and generalized quantifiers. Zbl 1232.03017
1996
Gödel ’96. Logical foundations of mathematics, computer science and physics – Kurt Gödel’s legacy. Proceedings of a conference, Brno, Czech Republic, August 1996. Zbl 0844.00017
Hájek, Petr (ed.)
1996
Getting belief functions from Kripke models. Zbl 0845.03003
Hájek, Petr
1996
Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. Zbl 0857.03011
Hájek, Petr
1995
A qualitative fuzzy possibilistic logic. Zbl 0819.03017
Hájek, Petr; Harmancová, Dagmar; Verbrugge, Rineke
1995
GUHA for personal computers. Zbl 0875.62013
Hájek, P.; Sochorová, A.; Zvárová, J.
1995
Fuzzy logic as logic. Zbl 0859.68095
Hájek, Petr
1995
On logics of approximate reasoning. II. Zbl 0865.68113
Hájek, P.
1995
A qualitative belief logic. Zbl 1232.68112
Harmanec, David; Hájek, Petr
1994
Systems of conditional beliefs in Dempster-Shafer theory and expert systems. Zbl 0797.60004
Hájek, Petr
1994
Metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. Zbl 0781.03047
Hájek, Petr; Pudlák, Pavel
1993
Interpretability and fragments of arithmetic. Zbl 0791.03033
Hájek, Petr
1993
Abbreviating proofs using metamathematical rules. Zbl 0794.03080
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco; Pudlák, Pavel
1993
The logic of $$\Pi_ 1$$-conservativity continued. Zbl 0790.03018
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
1992
A note on the normal form of closed formulas of interpretability logic. Zbl 0728.03015
Hájek, Petr; Švejdar, Vítězslav
1991
A generalized algebraic approach to uncertainty processing in rule-based expert systems (dempsteroids). Zbl 0712.68092
Hájek, Petr; Valdes, Julio J.
1991
The logic of $$\Pi_ 1$$-conservativity. Zbl 0713.03007
Hájek, Petr; Montagna, Franco
1990
On some formalized conservation results in arithmetic. Zbl 0689.03027
Clote, P.; Hájek, P.; Paris, J.
1990
The expert system shell EQUANT-PC: Philosophy, structure and implementation. Zbl 0715.68079
Hájek, P.; Hájková, M.
1990
On recursion theory in $$I\Sigma_ 1$$. Zbl 0703.03019
Hájek, Petr; Kučera, Antonín
1989
Towards a probabilistic analysis of MYCIN-like expert systems. Zbl 0729.68507
Hajek, P.
1988
Combinatorial principles concerning approximations of functions. Zbl 0645.03057
Hájek, Petr; Paris, Jeff
1987
Partial conservativity revisited. Zbl 0679.03025
Hájek, Petr
1987
Some conservativeness results for nonstandard dynamic logic. Zbl 0617.03012
Hajek, P.
1986
A simple dynamic logic. Zbl 0612.03014
Hájek, Petr
1986
Combining functions for certainty degrees in consulting systems. Zbl 0567.68055
Hájek, Petr
1985
...and 33 more Documents
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#### Cited by 1,384 Authors
48 Hájek, Petr 42 Bělohlávek, Radim 42 Montagna, Franco 36 Novák, Vilém 34 Vychodil, Vilém 31 Godo, Lluís 31 Mesiar, Radko 29 Cintula, Petr 26 Dubois, Didier 26 Esteva, Francesc 22 Noguera, Carles 19 Flaminio, Tommaso 19 Vetterlein, Thomas 19 Zhang, Dexue 18 Dvurečenskij, Anatolij 17 Prade, Henri M. 16 Rachůnek, Jiří 16 Visser, Albert 15 Klement, Erich Peter 15 Wang, Guojun 15 Xu, Yang 14 Aguzzoli, Stefano 14 De Baets, Bernard 14 Straccia, Umberto 13 Běhounek, Libor 13 Bianchi, Matteo 13 Bobillo, Fernando 13 Borzooei, Rajab Ali 13 Medina, Jesús 13 Metcalfe, George 13 Perfilieva, Irina G. 13 Zhan, Jianming 12 Gerla, Giangiacomo 12 Gottwald, Siegfried 12 Kołodziejczyk, Leszek Aleksander 12 Navara, Mirko 12 Xin, Xiaolong 11 Borumand Saeid, Arsham 11 Konecny, Jan 11 Li, Yongming 11 Marchioni, Enrico 11 Turunen, Esko 10 Deschrijver, Glad 10 Di Nola, Antonio 10 Hu, Baoqing 10 Lai, Hongliang 10 Pei, Daowu 10 Šalounová, Dana 9 Ciabattoni, Agata 9 Ciucci, Davide 9 Daňková, Martina 9 Dvořák, Antonín 9 Georgescu, George 9 Jun, Young Bae 9 Li, Qingguo 9 Marra, Vincenzo 9 Štěpnička, Martin 9 Wang, Sanmin 9 Yokoyama, Keita 8 Baaz, Matthias 8 Botur, Michal 8 Busaniche, Manuela 8 Chajda, Ivan 8 Freytes, Hector 8 Haniková, Zuzana 8 Horčík, Rostislav 8 Joosten, Joost J. 8 Kerre, Etienne E. 8 Mesiarová-Zemánková, Andrea 8 Peñaloza, Rafael 8 Torkzadeh, Lida 8 Zhang, Xiaohong 8 Zhou, Hongjun 7 Beklemishev, Lev D. 7 Borgwardt, Stefan 7 Cordón-Franco, Andrés 7 Dellunde, Pilar 7 Gerla, Brunella 7 Halaš, Radomír 7 Havranek, Tomas 7 He, Pengfei 7 Holeňa, Martin 7 Jenei, Sándor 7 Kolesárová, Anna 7 Kurahashi, Taishi 7 Lara-Martín, Francisco Felix 7 Ledda, Antonio 7 Li, Lingqiang 7 Ma, Xueling 7 Ma, Zhenming 7 Morsi, Nehad Nashaat 7 Pap, Endre 7 Zhao, Bin 6 Bartl, Eduard 6 Bodenhofer, Ulrich 6 Bova, Simone 6 Cignoli, Roberto 6 Cornelis, Chris 6 Davvaz, Bijan 6 Delgado, Miguel Ángel ...and 1,284 more Authors
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#### Cited in 158 Serials
422 Fuzzy Sets and Systems 114 Information Sciences 113 Soft Computing 94 International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 78 Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 77 Archive for Mathematical Logic 60 The Journal of Symbolic Logic 47 Studia Logica 45 Mathematical Logic Quarterly (MLQ) 34 Theoretical Computer Science 27 The Review of Symbolic Logic 24 Kybernetika 22 The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 20 International Journal of General Systems 17 Journal of Philosophical Logic 17 Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 15 Artificial Intelligence 15 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 14 Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 13 Journal of Applied Logic 12 Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 12 International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 11 Afrika Matematika 10 Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 9 Journal of Computer and System Sciences 8 International Journal of Intelligent Systems 8 Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making 7 Order 7 Logica Universalis 6 Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 6 Journal of Algebra 6 Mathematica Slovaca 6 Information and Computation 6 Open Mathematics 5 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 5 International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 5 Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 5 Abstract and Applied Analysis 4 Archiv für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung 4 Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Facultas Rerum Naturalium. Mathematica 4 Algebra Universalis 4 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 4 MSCS. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 4 Journal of Logic, Language and Information 4 Logic and Logical Philosophy 4 Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing 4 Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems 3 Communications in Algebra 3 Advances in Mathematics 3 Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae 3 Demonstratio Mathematica 3 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 3 Synthese 3 Journal of Automated Reasoning 3 European Journal of Operational Research 3 Indagationes Mathematicae. New Series 3 Erkenntnis 3 Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 3 New Mathematics and Natural Computation 3 Logical Methods in Computer Science 3 Advances in Fuzzy Systems 3 Symmetry 3 Fuzzy Information and Engineering 2 Discrete Mathematics 2 International Journal of Theoretical Physics 2 Reports on Mathematical Physics 2 Applied Mathematics and Computation 2 Biometrical Journal 2 Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 2 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 2 Opsearch 2 Quaestiones Mathematicae 2 Semigroup Forum 2 Theory and Decision 2 Mathematical Social Sciences 2 History and Philosophy of Logic 2 International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 2 Pattern Recognition 2 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 2 Applied Mathematics. Series B (English Edition) 2 Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society 2 Selecta Mathematica. New Series 2 Acta Mathematica et Informatica Universitatis Ostraviensis 2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2 Journal of Mathematical Logic 2 Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 2 Journal of Applied Mathematics 2 Science in China. Series F 2 Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 2 Formalized Mathematics 1 Acta Informatica 1 Computer Physics Communications 1 Discrete Applied Mathematics 1 Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Mathematics 1 Information Processing Letters 1 Periodica Mathematica Hungarica 1 Russian Mathematical Surveys 1 Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 1 Algebra and Logic 1 Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze. Serie IV ...and 58 more Serials
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#### Cited in 37 Fields
1,316 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 430 Computer science (68-XX) 400 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 62 General topology (54-XX) 53 Statistics (62-XX) 38 General algebraic systems (08-XX) 38 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 34 Category theory; homological algebra (18-XX) 24 Measure and integration (28-XX) 24 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 23 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 21 Combinatorics (05-XX) 21 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 19 History and biography (01-XX) 19 Quantum theory (81-XX) 15 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 15 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 9 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 9 Real functions (26-XX) 7 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 6 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 6 Associative rings and algebras (16-XX) 6 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 5 Commutative algebra (13-XX) 4 Functional analysis (46-XX) 4 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 3 Field theory and polynomials (12-XX) 3 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 2 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 2 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 1 Number theory (11-XX) 1 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 1 Potential theory (31-XX) 1 Operator theory (47-XX) 1 Geometry (51-XX) 1 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 1 Geophysics (86-XX)
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# The global financial cycle: implications for the global economy and the euro area
Prepared by Maurizio Michael Habib and Fabrizio Venditti
Published as part of the ECB Economic Bulletin, Issue 6/2018.
As financial markets became progressively more integrated internationally over the past decades, economists wondered to what extent policymakers can isolate domestic financial conditions from external factors. This article reviews the terms of this debate and provides fresh evidence on the co‑movement in capital flows and stock prices across a panel of 50 advanced and emerging economies. In particular, the article focuses on the relative importance of global risk and US monetary policy for the global financial cycle and touches upon the implications for the exchange rate regime. Global risk aversion emerges as a significant driver of capital flows and stock returns and its impact is amplified by capital account openness, but not necessarily by the exchange rate regime, which matters only for asset prices, not for capital flows. The quantitative relevance of US monetary policy and the US dollar exchange rate seems to be episodic. In particular, the correlation between US interest rates and capital flows throughout the crisis is positive, rather than negative as the theory would predict, indicating the need for further empirical analysis of the role of US monetary policy as the driver of the global financial cycle. The article also finds that financial market tensions have been typically synchronised between the euro area and the United States but that financial conditions in the two areas have often decoupled. Overall, this confirms that the effectiveness of the ECB’s monetary policy has not been impaired by the global financial cycle.
## 1 Introduction
Over the past decades, financial markets have become progressively more integrated internationally. The size of world gross external liabilities, scaled by domestic GDP, increased from less than 50% at the beginning of the 1990s to around 200% at the onset of the global financial crisis in 2007.[1] The growth in cross‑border liabilities came to a halt with the crisis, but the world today is much more financially integrated than 30 years ago.[2]
According to the literature, increasing financial integration has led to the emergence of a “global financial cycle”, strongly influenced by US monetary policy. While financial integration is supposed to foster risk sharing internationally, economists wondered whether this integration, at the same time, could cause a faster and more uniform transmission of shocks across several economies, leading to the emergence of a global financial cycle. Rey (2015) provides a potential operational definition of this concept: “global financial cycles are associated with surges and retrenchments in capital flows, booms and busts in asset prices and crises” and are “characterised by large common movements in asset prices, gross flows and leverage”. Crucially, changes in monetary policy conditions in the centre economy, namely the United States, and in risk aversion globally, e.g. during the global financial crisis, would drive the global financial cycle, prompting swings in capital flows and asset prices across the globe.[3]
Such a global financial cycle, if present, would limit the potential benefits of financial integration. A stronger co‑movement of asset prices internationally would drastically reduce the ability of economic agents to diversify away idiosyncratic shocks – i.e. country‑specific ones, such as a domestic recession – through the acquisition of foreign assets.[4]
The existence of a global financial cycle would also have implications for policymakers and the choice of the exchange rate regime. According to the classical “trilemma” of monetary policy, if the capital account is open, it is impossible to run an independent monetary policy – i.e. to set the policy rate autonomously from that of the main centre economy, e.g. the United States – and, at the same time, have an exchange rate target. In this case (trilemma hypothesis), the choice of the exchange rate regime does matter, since a floating exchange rate would allow the running of an independent monetary policy. A global financial cycle would morph this trilemma into a dilemma for policymakers, leaving them with only two alternative options: (i) to keep the capital account closed, maintaining control of domestic financial conditions, or (ii) to open the capital account, relinquishing control of domestic financial conditions. Once the capital account is open, a global cycle would “set the tone” of domestic financial conditions – i.e. the interest rates that final borrowers, such as non‑financial corporates and households, actually pay – irrespective of the ability of the domestic central bank to set the policy rate autonomously and the prevailing exchange rate regime. In this second case (dilemma hypothesis), the choice of the exchange rate regime is virtually irrelevant.
This article provides an overview of the debate on the global financial cycle and offers a fresh look at the evidence supporting the existence thereof. In particular, the article focuses on the relative importance of global risk and US monetary policy for the global financial cycle. Moreover, the article also touches upon the implications of this cycle for policymakers when adopting the exchange rate regime. The empirical analysis is based on a dataset consisting of capital flows – in particular gross capital inflows across four main categories: direct investment, portfolio equity, portfolio debt and other investment (such as bank loans, deposits and trade credits) from the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Statistics database. The dataset also contains risky asset prices – stock market returns from Global Financial Data – for a sample of 50 economies since 1990 on a quarterly basis.[5] The article studies the relationship of these variables with those that have been consistently identified as the main drivers of the global financial cycle in the literature: global risk aversion and US monetary policy. Finally, the article elaborates on the implications for the global economy and the euro area.
## 2 Is there a global financial cycle? Revisiting the evidence
The existence of a global financial cycle rests on the validity of two distinct assumptions: one regarding the co‑movement of capital flows and asset prices, and one regarding the drivers of such a co‑movement. First, gross capital inflows, leverage of the banking sector, credit and risky asset prices share a common pattern over the past three decades.[6] Second, this pattern is inversely related to measures of global risk aversion and is driven by the US monetary policy. The purpose of this section is to revisit the evidence supporting the first leg of the analysis, the co‑movement of capital flows and asset prices; the next section will elaborate on the evidence regarding the underlying drivers of this co‑movement.
### 2.1 The co‑movement of capital flows and asset prices
Capital flows and, in particular, asset prices, to a certain extent, share a common pattern across countries. Table 1 reports average bilateral correlations across the 50 economies in the full sample and separately for advanced and emerging economies. For each type of capital flow or asset price, all possible bilateral correlation coefficients between each pair of countries are calculated over the period 1990‑2017 and then averaged, providing a simple and intuitive measure of co‑movement. All correlations in Table 1 are positive, confirming the presence of a common pattern for capital flows and asset prices.
Financial integration leads to a higher co‑movement of asset prices with respect to capital flows. Table 1 shows that the degree of synchronicity of asset prices is much stronger than the one for capital flows. Under financial integration, international arbitrage exerts a strong pressure towards the equalisation of external finance premia[7], even with limited exposure to foreign assets and a substantial degree of home bias.[8]
The co‑movement of capital flows across countries is positive, though not particularly elevated. Among the different types of capital flows, “other” flows (bank loans and trade credits) display the highest correlation (10%), in particular within the group of advanced economies (17%). To a large extent, this is the manifestation of what Bruno and Shin (2015) define as the transmission of the international “bank leverage cycle” (that is, the tendency of banking systems to expand balance sheets in good times) and of the retrenchment in capital flows – in particular risk‑sensitive cross‑border banking flows – following the global financial crisis.[9]
The co‑movement of capital flows and risky asset prices increased in the run‑up to the global financial crisis, peaking during the crisis.[10] Table 2 shows the average of quarterly bilateral correlations over different time periods. In particular, the period corresponding to the global financial crisis (2007‑09) has been isolated, since it is known that high volatility tends to shift upwards any estimated correlation between two series, even if the underlying structural relationship between these two series has not changed.[11] With the exception of foreign direct investment, the synchronisation of capital flows and asset prices is higher in the run‑up to the global financial crisis in the 2000s than in the 1990s. Unsurprisingly, the measured degree of synchronisation peaks during the global financial crisis between 2007 and 2009 when cross‑border capital flows and stock market prices collapsed.
The most recent period is characterised by a decline in the synchronisation of capital flows and asset prices. Following the global financial crisis, between 2010 and 2017, the synchronisation of capital flows and stock prices abated, generally returning to a level slightly lower than in the 2000s, but higher than in the 1990s (Table 2, first panel).[12] The picture is not substantially different when distinguishing advanced economies from emerging economies. Notably, the decline in the co‑movement of capital flows after the global financial crisis appears to be more marked among emerging economies than in advanced ones (Table 2, second and third panels).
Overall, there is strong evidence of a common cycle in risky asset prices and some support for the presence of a common pattern in capital flows across the globe. The boom and bust cycle in the run‑up to the global financial crisis tends to magnify the evidence in favour of the presence of a global financial cycle. Importantly, in the run‑up to the global financial crisis, a global cycle is particularly evident for banking flows among advanced economies.
## 3 The global financial cycle: drivers and channels of transmission
The economic literature has identified two main potential drivers of the global financial cycle: US monetary policy and global risk aversion. Figure 1 depicts in a stylised way the complexity of the mechanism and the channels of transmission of the global financial cycle. For instance, the stance of US monetary policy may affect risk attitude globally, but the causality may run in the opposite direction. An “unexpected” tightening that surprises the markets is normally associated with an increase in risk aversion, a decline in the price of risky assets and a widening of external finance premia beyond the US borders. At the same time, risk aversion shocks – e.g. those generated by the global financial crisis or by major geopolitical events such as war or terrorist attacks – may induce changes in the stance of monetary policy to counteract the negative effects of these shocks on the economy.
A global factor shaping the co‑movement of risky asset prices is closely related to global risk aversion, which has been identified as one of the main drivers of the global financial cycle. As shown in the previous section and extensively documented by a growing body of literature, returns on risky assets share a common component that drives a non‑negligible fraction of their fluctuations. According to Miranda‑Agrippino and Rey (2018), for instance, this global factor would explain up to a quarter of the variance of a large cross‑section of risky returns.[13] This factor would reflect the risk appetite of global investors and therefore would be negatively related to the degree of risk aversion of the market.
A second central driver of the global financial cycle identified throughout the literature is the role of US monetary policy, which drives asset prices, both domestically and globally. Spillovers originating from US monetary policy have received special scrutiny in the literature, owing to the central role played by the US dollar in global financial markets. Indeed, around 60% of the international debt securities issued in the world and about as much of global cross‑border loans are denominated in US dollars.[14] In this context, particular attention has been given to the role of global banks, large intermediaries with a strong presence in cross‑border lending, which amplify the international dimensions of US monetary policy. Indeed, monetary policy, by changing the value of the assets in global banks’ balance sheets, alters both their leverage position and their willingness to take risk. For instance, a monetary policy expansion would boost asset prices, strengthen the capital position of banks and induce them to further expand their balance sheets, not only domestically but also through international lending. At the same time, lower interest rates compress safe‑asset yields, inducing banks to search for higher returns by taking on more risks.[15]
Given its prominence in international markets, the US dollar also plays a catalytic role, reinforcing the transmission channels of US monetary policy to cross‑border flows. For instance, a US monetary policy tightening would be associated with a rise in the value of the US dollar. In turn, the appreciation of the US dollar would lead to a deterioration in the balance sheet and the perceived credit risk of non‑US borrowers with US dollar liabilities, triggering further cross‑border retrenchment worldwide. A monetary policy loosening would have the opposite effect.[16]
### 3.1 Global risk aversion and the global financial cycle
The first step of the analysis focuses on the relationship between capital flows and global risk aversion. The literature often uses the VIX index, a measure of implied volatility of the US stock market, as a proxy for global risk aversion.[17] Alternative measures aimed at capturing more “global” trends have also been proposed. For instance, Miranda‑Agrippino and Rey find that the common component of a large panel of returns on risky assets traded on all the major global markets (i) co‑moves with the VIX and the US Baa‑Aaa spread and (ii) is strongly correlated with measures of implied stock price volatility in Europe (VSTOXX and VFTSE). Hence, rather than solely relying on the VIX, this analysis also uses a Global Stock Market Factor, constructed from stock returns for 63 countries (see Box 2 for details of the methodology). Both indicators, the VIX and the Global Stock Market Factor, should capture uncertainty about the future – as measured by the realised volatility of the markets – and the degree of risk aversion of the markets.[18] Compared with the VIX, the Global Stock Market Factor should better capture global developments.
Capital flows soared at the start of the new millennium, as both the VIX and the global factors declined, and collapsed during the global financial crisis in 2008‑09, as risk aversion mounted. Chart 1a shows the development of capital flows, aggregated across all four categories and, separately, for advanced economies and for emerging economies against the VIX (inverted scale). Chart 1b displays aggregate capital flows against the Global Stock Market Factor (inverted scale). In both charts the co‑movement of capital flows and proxies of risk aversion in the run‑up to the global financial crisis and immediately afterwards is particularly evident. Importantly, it should be noted that between the early 2000s and 2009, there is an upward trend in capital inflows both for advanced and (to a lesser extent) for emerging economies. The process of financial integration is truly global.
Outside the crisis period, the relationship between capital flows and global risk is weaker than in the first decade of the 2000s, in particular when using the VIX index as a gauge of risk. Both Chart 1a and Chart 1b display a less marked pattern of co‑movement of capital flows and the two proxies of global risk in the 1990s and since 2010 when the major central banks introduced quantitative easing measures that contributed to a decline in market volatility. This is confirmed by the correlation of these series over the whole sample and across three different decades, shown in Table 3. The correlation of the Global Stock Market Factor with global capital flows to either advanced economies (-0.61) or emerging economies (−0.51) is much tighter and more stable than the one of the VIX index (around ‑0.3). Notably, the negative relationship between the VIX and global capital flows is not present since 2010.
A formal econometric analysis confirms that a Global Stock Market Factor shares a tight relationship with capital flows across different asset categories. The relationship between capital flows, stock market returns and several different measures of global risk is investigated empirically in a panel setting, including variables controlling for the influence of domestic (“pull”) factors for capital flows. The results confirm that a global financial cycle in capital flows is strongly connected to measures of risk in global stock markets (see Box 1).
As mentioned in the introduction, the global financial cycle could limit the ability of policymakers to isolate domestic financial conditions. Even when adopting a flexible exchange rate regime – which allows for some independence in setting policy rates according to existing evidence[19] – a global risk shock would be transmitted across the globe to capital flows and risky asset prices, irrespective of the prevailing exchange rate regime (dilemma hypothesis).
The econometric evidence partly supports the presence of a dilemma in the transmission of global risk to capital flows and stock markets (see Box 1). Indeed, the analysis shows that global risk affects capital flows in those economies that have liberalised the capital account, as predicted by the theory. At first sight, the exchange rate regime does not seem to matter in the transmission of global risk. The irrelevance of the exchange rate regime is consistent with the existence of a dilemma, not a trilemma, in the presence of a global financial cycle. However, when restricting the sample to those economies that have a liberalised capital account, a rigid exchange rate regime appears to facilitate a stronger transmission of global risk to stock markets, providing support to the traditional view of the trilemma in international economies, where floating rates allow for a degree of freedom in facing external shocks.
## Box 1 The transmission of global risk factors and the policy trilemma
Prepared by Maurizio Michael Habib
The transmission of global risk to capital flows and stock prices is studied in a simple panel regression across a sample of 50 economies. The model is the following:
$Y i t = a i + b X t + c Z - i t + e i t$
where Yit, the dependent variable, is one of the four main categories of capital flows – direct investment, portfolio equity, portfolio debt or other flows – or stock returns in country i at time (quarter) t. The coefficient ai captures country‑specific fixed effects that do not vary across time; Zit is a vector of domestic control variables that can affect capital flows and returns, including domestic inflation and real GDP growth; and, finally, Xt is a proxy of global risk and eit is an error term.[20] Alternatively, two different proxies of risk have been included: the VIX and the Global Stock Market Factor.
Table A presents the results of these regressions for two different models, one including the VIX (model 1) and one using the Global Stock Market Factor (model 2). The coefficients of the control variables are omitted for space reasons. As expected, most of the coefficients are negative, suggesting that when global risk rises, cross‑border capital flows and risky asset prices decline around the world. Zooming into different types of capital flows, direct investment emerges to be less sensitive to global risk, since the decision to invest abroad is based on long‑run expectations of profitability. Among the various proxies of risk, the Global Stock Market Factor is the indicator most closely connected to capital flows and stock prices, since the coefficient is statistically significant for all types of flows and the regression displays the best goodness of fit.[21] However, the ability of the model to capture the volatility of capital flows – particularly high at the quarterly frequency – is very limited, as shown by the reported R‑squared. For stock returns, instead, the change in the Global Stock Market Factor has a good fit and explains one‑third of the variation of the stock returns. Overall, this simple model confirms that a global financial cycle in capital flows and asset prices is negatively associated with global risk.
An extension of the model makes it possible to consider an interesting policy angle: the role of capital account openness and the exchange rate regime in the transmission of risk to capital flows and risky asset prices. According to the new “dilemma” in international finance, once the capital account is open, a floating exchange rate cannot isolate the domestic economy from the transmission of shocks driving the global financial cycle, such as risk aversion shocks. To test this hypothesis, the model is augmented with two dummies distinguishing countries with a higher than average degree of capital account openness (Open) from those that are more closed, and countries with a fixed exchange rate regime (Peg) from those with a floating regime.[22] These dummies are interacted with the global risk factor to control if the transmission of risk shocks is stronger among countries with a fixed exchange rate (trilemma hypothesis) or not (dilemma). Among the risk factors, the Global Stock Market Factor has been selected, since it performed better in the first stage of the analysis compared with the VIX.
Table B summarises the results, focusing on the global risk factor and its interaction with the dummies, omitting other controls. A negative coefficient for the interaction term of global risk with a specific characteristic (e.g. Open or Peg) suggests that the countries possessing that feature are more affected by global risk. First, as expected, the transmission of global risk to capital flows and asset prices is stronger among those economies with a more open capital account, in particular for direct investment, portfolio debt and other investment (e.g. bank loans), as the interaction term is negative and statistically significant. Second, at first sight, the exchange rate does not seem to matter. Even though the coefficient of the dummy for countries pegging their currency interacted with global risk is negative, the statistical significance is weak. This provides support to the new theory of the global financial cycle that stresses the limited ability of a floating rate to shield domestic financial conditions from the global ones. It is possible to qualify this result, analysing a finer partition of the sample. Focusing on the countries that are relatively more open – those potentially more exposed to the global financial cycle – the transmission of global risk to stock prices is higher among pegs than for floaters, supporting the traditional trilemma hypothesis.
Summing up, global risk aversion emerges as a significant driver of capital flows and stock returns and its impact is amplified by capital account openness, but not necessarily by the exchange rate regime, which matters only for asset prices when the capital account is open, not for capital flows.
### 3.2 US monetary policy and the global financial cycle
Empirically, there is a broad consensus that monetary policy actions of large central banks, such as the Federal Reserve System, spill over to global financial markets. A wealth of studies have shown that monetary policy decisions by the Federal Reserve have an impact on capital flows, exchange rates and the international co‑movement of asset prices. These papers generally find that a tightening of US monetary policy significantly influences foreign economies via an increase of foreign long‑term interest rates and a depreciation of their currencies against the US dollar. Furthermore, the transmission to foreign long‑term rates is mostly attributable to effects on term premia.[23]
However, there does not seem to be a stable relationship between the US policy rate, the value of the US dollar and global capital flows. Chart 2a and Table 3 show that the US interest rate – specifically the effective federal funds rate extended with the Wu‑Xia shadow rate[24] during the zero lower bound period – is generally uncorrelated with global capital flows, with the exception of the crisis. In the 2000s, the correlation of US interest rates with capital flows is positive – not negative as expected – and the correlation with indicators of risk aversion such as the VIX is negative – not positive as expected. In the run‑up to the global financial crisis, US interest rates increased in tandem with cross‑border capital flows and when the global financial crisis erupted, the Federal Reserve was forced to ease monetary policy.
The value of the US dollar is negatively correlated with capital flows, even though the relationship is clearly driven by the cycle in the run‑up to the global financial crisis. Chart 2b shows that the nominal effective exchange rate of the US dollar depreciated from 2002 to the onset of the global financial crisis in the autumn of 2008. During this period, capital flows were on an upward trend among advanced and emerging economies. The crisis signals a turning point for both the US dollar, which appreciates sharply, and capital flows, which retrench dramatically. However, outside the period 2000‑09, the relationship is less stable. Table 3 reports the correlation of the value of the US dollar – taken in log changes to avoid issues of stationarity in the series – with capital flows, confirming a tight negative relationship between 2000 and 2009 – a correlation coefficient ranging between ‑0.43 for advanced economies and ‑0.49 for emerging ones – and a looser connection in the 1990s for both advanced and emerging economies and since 2010 for advanced economies.[25] Possibly, the impact of monetary policy and the role of the US dollar on the global financial cycle should be analysed with different techniques, e.g. through the identification of monetary policy shocks with high‑frequency data and VAR analysis; however, this would go beyond the scope of this article.[26]
### 3.3 Summary of the empirical evidence
Overall, the evidence reviewed here suggests that capital flows and risky asset prices have been influenced by global risk factors in the past decades. This influence is particularly evident in the period preceding the global financial crisis and in its immediate aftermath. Notably, the most recent period has instead been characterised by a loosening of the cycle. Moreover, the exchange rate regime does not seem to matter for the transmission of the cycle, with the possible exception of risky asset prices when the capital account is open.
While the central role of US monetary policy and the presence of a US dollar cycle connected to the global financial cycle is a concept well entrenched among economists, more work is needed to pin down the economic significance of these drivers of the financial cycle for the global economy. In different terms, while the existence of a causal nexus between US monetary policy and capital flows cannot be excluded, the quantitative relevance of changes in US interest rates for international capital flows appears limited and would have to be ascertained. This implies that the risks for global capital flows and risky asset prices of a gradual, well‑communicated normalisation of US monetary policy should not be exaggerated.[27]
## 4 Implications for the euro area
The euro area is not an island: product and financial market openness make the euro naturally exposed to changes in global financial conditions. In the previous sections, a connection between, on the one hand, global risk aversion and, on the other hand, capital flows and stock returns has been outlined. This section delves into the implications of the observed co‑movement in asset prices for euro area financial conditions. The transmission of global shocks to the euro area economy is amplified by the presence of large, global euro area banks that play a central role in international lending. Due to its size and interconnectedness, however, the euro area is not only a receiver but also a generator of shocks that affect the global financial cycle.[28]
Given the prominence of the US economy in driving the financial cycle, it is interesting to focus on the relationship between US and euro area financial conditions. This can be done using composite “financial condition indices” that assemble information from a small set of financial variables.[29] We look at two such indices, which convey slightly different information. The first index, computed by Goldman Sachs, gives a relatively large weight to the level of interest rates paid by sovereigns and corporates and also takes into account the tightening effects of exchange rate appreciations.[30] The second index, computed by Bloomberg, assigns more importance to interest rate spreads, as well as realised volatilities in bond, stock and money markets. Furthermore, it does not include exchange rates. It is therefore more indicative of rising financial turbulence, as gauged by time‑varying risk premia.[31] In other words, the prominence given by the latter index to spreads and volatilities implies that it is more sensitive to temporary financial tensions. Although both indices are defined as measures of financial conditions, for the sake of exposition we will refer to them in the rest of the discussion as indices of financial conditions and financial tensions, respectively.
The degree of synchronisation of financial conditions between the United States and the euro area is overall tenuous and changes over time, also reflecting differences in the monetary policy stance. Chart 3a shows the index of financial conditions for the United States and for the euro area between 2000 and 2018.[32] In the case of the United States, three distinct periods of financial tightening can be identified. The first, between 2001 and 2003, coincides with the bursting of the dot‑com bubble in the US stock market. The second follows the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. The third, from the middle of 2014 to the beginning of 2016, is largely driven by an appreciation of the dollar. The timeline for the euro area is characterised by two important differences. First, the impact of the 2001 US recession is very muted. Second, the tightening of financial conditions during the Great Recession (2008‑09) is much more gradual and less pronounced. These differences show up in notably different correlations across time periods. Before the financial crisis, the correlation in financial conditions is mildly positive (0.33); it increases during the crisis (0.71 between 2007 and 2012); and from July 2012 onwards it turns negative.[33] The change in sign reflects the progressive loosening of financial conditions in the euro area, also thanks to monetary policy accommodation and the relative stability (bar the temporary tightening of financial conditions between 2014 and 2016) in the United States.
The co‑movement in financial tensions is instead very strong. Chart 3b shows the two indices of financial tensions for the United States and for the euro area. It is evident that financial tensions are, most of the time, dormant. However, when they manifest themselves (in 2008 both in the United States and in the euro area and in 2011 mainly in the euro area) they have a large impact on the real economy, possibly generating non‑linear effects. Overall, the correlation between the two indices is strong and stable (ranging between 0.8 and 0.9), suggesting that (i) financial tensions are triggered by movements in global risk and (ii) risk premia both in the United States and in the euro area are heavily influenced by this common component (see Box 2).[34]
Overall, two key messages emerge from this analysis. First, financial conditions in the euro area evolve largely independently from global forces, also thanks to the ability of monetary policy to steer expected rates on safe assets and term premia in the desired direction. Second, credit spreads and realised volatilities in the United States and in the euro area are highly synchronised, reflecting the global nature of risk appetite in closely financially integrated markets.
## Box 2 The global financial cycle: is the euro area special?
Prepared by Fabrizio Venditti
This box documents how the Global Stock Market Factor is computed and explores its relative importance for euro area stock returns. A dynamic factor model for stock returns in 63 countries is estimated. The first common factor is the Global Stock Market Factor.[35] Once this factor is estimated, its relevance for the individual indicators can be assessed through simple variance decomposition. More formally, for each country “i” at time “t” we have:
$y i , t = θ i f t + ε i , t$
where $y i , t$ is either stock returns or cross‑border flows, $f t$ is a common factor, and $ε i , t$ is an idiosyncratic component (with variance that accounts for the part of $y i , t$ that is not common across countries. Since $f t$ and $ε i , t$ are uncorrelated, we can estimate the share of variance of $y i , t$ accounted for by the common factor as $θ i 2 θ i 2 + σ i 2$. Estimation is carried out on a set of 63 countries, comprising advanced and emerging economies.
Chart A shows the estimated share of variance accounted for by the Global Stock Market Factor in the 63 countries considered. Two results stand out. First, commonality is very heterogeneous across countries. Second, the relevance that the global factor has for the equity returns of euro area countries (dark blue bars) and the United States (yellow bar) is overall comparable, indicating that global shocks are an important factor in shaping both euro area and US equity price movements.
## 5 Concluding remarks
Real economy and financial market integration over the past decades has influenced the synchronisation of capital flows and asset prices across the world. Some authors have advocated the existence of a global financial cycle that manifests itself through the co‑movement of cross‑border flows and translates into more aligned risky asset prices and external finance premia across different economies. This was the case in the run‑up to the global financial crisis and in its aftermath, in particular for cross‑border banking flows among advanced economies and for stock prices. However, after the crisis, the synchronisation of capital flows and stock prices has abated, returning to the levels observed between the 1990s and the 2000s.
The global financial cycle is closely connected to global risk factors. A measure of global risk aversion (constructed as the common factor that drives a panel of equity returns) has a significant impact on capital flows and stock returns. Moreover, capital account openness – but not necessarily the exchange rate regime – amplifies the effects of global risk aversion. The exchange rate regime matters only for the transmission of global risk to asset prices when the capital account is open. The impact of US interest rates and the US dollar exchange rate on capital flows, instead, appears to be episodic.
The influence of the global financial cycle on the euro area depends on the particular measure that is analysed. The article finds that financial market tensions have typically been synchronised between the two areas. Bouts of volatility, which can have strong non‑linear effects on economic activity, are quickly transmitted from one economy to the other. However, financial conditions in the euro area have often decoupled from those in the United States, also owing to differences in the monetary policy stance. Overall, this confirms that the effectiveness of the ECB’s monetary policy has not been impaired by the global financial cycle.
1. The ratio is computed as the sum for available countries of nominal US dollar liabilities over the sum of nominal US dollar GDP.
2. See Lane, P. R. and Milesi‑Ferretti, G., “International Financial Integration in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis”, IMF Working Paper No 17/115, May 2017.
3. Rey, H., “Dilemma not Trilemma: The Global Financial Cycle and Monetary Policy Independence”, NBER Working Paper No 21162, May 2015, page 2. The evidence supporting the presence and economic significance of a global financial cycle has been challenged by a recent study by Cerutti, E., Claessens, S. and Rose, A. K., “How Important is the Global Financial Cycle? Evidence from Capital Flows”, IMF Working Paper No 17/193, September 2017.
4. Risk sharing, that is the ability of agents to insure their consumption streams against idiosyncratic shocks, can occur via the “capital channel” (e.g. income on financial assets held abroad), the “fiscal channel” (e.g. cross‑border transfers between governments) and the “credit channel” (borrowing abroad by individuals and governments, either in credit markets or through supranational insurance mechanisms such as the European Stability Mechanism). In the euro area, risk sharing takes place mainly via the capital channel. For a discussion, see the article entitled “Risk sharing in the euro area”, Economic Bulletin, Issue 3, ECB, 2018.
5. The sample includes Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Korea (Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States and Uruguay. Similarly to other studies, the analysis focuses on “gross inflows” (i.e. net purchases and sales of domestic assets by foreign residents), which are crucial for assessing financial stability and global credit conditions. “Net flows”, which broadly mirror current account balances, are more relevant for assessing the sustainability of net international investment positions. As regards risky asset prices, the focus is on stock returns, since it is difficult to obtain other measures, such as corporate bond prices or mortgage rates, for a large panel of countries including emerging economies since the 1990s.
6. See Passari, E. and Rey, H., “Financial Flows and the International Monetary System”, Economic Journal, Vol. 125, No 584, May 2015, pp. 675‑698. Moreover, Jordà, O., Schularick, M., Taylor, A. M. and Ward, F., show that the synchronisation of credit, house prices and equity prices across countries has increased above real sector integration across elected advanced economies over the past 150 years. However, in the past three decades, it is the co‑movement of the equity markets that stands out as particularly elevated (“Global Financial Cycles and Risk Premiums”, NBER Working Paper No 24677, June 2018).
7. This is the difference between the cost to a borrower of raising funds externally and the opportunity cost of internal funds.
8. Dedola, L. and Lombardo, G., “Financial frictions, financial integration and the international propagation of shocks”, Economic Policy, Vol. 27, Issue 70, April 2012, pp. 319‑359.
9. See Bruno, V. and Shin, H. S., “Cross‑Border Banking and Global Liquidity”, Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 82, No 2, 2015, pp. 535‑564. For an analysis of the heterogeneous impact of the global financial crisis on cross‑border capital flows, see Milesi‑Ferretti, G.-M. and Tille, C., “The great retrenchment: international capital flows during the global financial crisis”, Economic Policy, Vol. 26, Issue 66, April 2011, pp. 289‑346.
10. Due to limited data availability, we do not look at the prices of risky bonds but only at equity prices.
11. For a discussion, see Forbes, K., “Global economic tsunamis: Coincidence, common shocks or contagion?”, speech given at Imperial College, London, 22 September 2016, available on the Bank of England’s website. See also Forbes, K. and Rigobon, R., “No Contagion, Only Interdependence: Measuring Stock Market Co‑movements”, Journal of Finance, Vol. 57(5), October 2002, pp. 2223‑2261.
12. Direct investment appears to be an exception and follows a cycle that is different from other asset classes.
13. Miranda‑Agrippino, S. and Rey, H., “US Monetary Policy and the Global Financial Cycle”, NBER Working Paper No 21722, February 2018.
14. See “The international role of the euro”, ECB, June 2018.
15. See Bruno, V. and Shin, H. S., “Capital flows and the risk‑taking channel of monetary policy”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 71, 2015, pp. 119‑113, Cesa‑Bianchi, A., Ferrero, A. and Rebucci, A., “International credit supply shocks”, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 112(C), 2018, pp. 219‑237, and Rey, H., “International Channels of Transmission of Monetary Policy and the Mundellian Trilemma”, IMF Economic Review, Vol. 64, No 1, 2016.
16. See Bruno, V. and Shin, H. S. (2015), ibid.
17. See for instance Habib, M. M. and Stracca, L. (2012) for an application to currencies (“Getting beyond carry trade: What makes a safe haven currency?”, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 87, Issue 1, May 2012, pp. 50‑64). The choice of the VIX can be justified on three grounds. First, implied volatility is strongly correlated across countries so that even country‑specific variables mostly capture global trends. Second, the US stock market plays a central role in global financial markets owing to the importance of the US dollar. Third, the VIX is available for a long time span.
18. For a discussion, see Bekaert, G., Hoerova, M. and Lo Duca, M., “Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 60, No 7, 2013, pp. 771‑788.
19. See Obstfeld, M., Shambaugh, J. and Taylor, A., “The trilemma in history: tradeoffs among exchange rates, monetary policies, and capital mobility”, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 87(3), 2005, pp. 423‑438.
20. The model is estimated with a Driscoll‑Kraay estimator accounting for cross‑sectional and temporal dependence of the residuals. The results are robust to the inclusion of different lags of the dependent variable.
21. For consistency with how it is constructed, the Global Stock Market Factor enters the equation for equity returns in first differences.
22. Capital account openness is measured using the de jure index developed by Chinn, M. D. and Ito, H., “What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, Institutions, and Interactions”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 81, Issue 1, October 2006, pp. 163‑192. The exchange rate regime classification is based on Ilzetzki, E., Reinhart, C. M. and Rogoff, K. S., “Exchange Arrangements Entering the 21st Century: Which Anchor Will Hold?”, NBER Working Paper No 23134, February 2017.
23. Neely, C., “The Large Scale Asset Purchases Had Large International Effects”, Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 52, March 2014, pp. 101‑111, Rogers, J. H., Scotti, C. and Wright, J. H., “Evaluating Asset‑Market Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Multi‑Country Review”, Economic Policy, Vol. 29, No 80, 2014, pp. 3‑50, and Jarociński, M. and Karadi, P., “Deconstructing monetary policy surprises: the role of information shocks”, Working Paper Series, No 2133, ECB, 2018. ECB monetary policy has similar effects; see, for instance, “Monetary policy, exchange rates and capital flows”, speech by Benoît Cœuré, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the 18th Jacques Polak Annual Research Conference hosted by the International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C., 3 November 2017.
24. Wu, C. and Xia, D., “Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Monetary Policy at the Zero Lower Bound”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 48, March 2016, pp. 253‑291.
25. Over the past few years, the relationship between capital flows and the US dollar has remained significantly negative for emerging markets. This outcome may be explained by the increased attractiveness of the US dollar as a safe haven since the start of the global financial crisis. It is possible to note that the value of the dollar is positively correlated with risk factors (around 0.2) since 2010, but not in the 1990s.
26. Replacing the level of US interest rates with US monetary policy shocks identified with high‑frequency data or an index of US monetary policy uncertainty does not substantially alter these findings. In a dynamic panel setting similar to the one introduced in Box 1, distinguishing between different types of capital and controlling for pull factors, US monetary policy shocks are negatively related to portfolio equity flows and stock returns, but not to other types of capital flows.
27. See the speech by the Federal Reserve Chairman J. H. Powell entitled “Monetary Policy Influences on Global Financial Conditions and International Capital Flows” at “Challenges for Monetary Policy and the GFSN in an Evolving Global Economy”, Eighth High‑Level Conference on the International Monetary System sponsored by the International Monetary Fund and the Swiss National Bank, Zurich, Switzerland, 8 May 2018.
28. For instance, recent analyses show that the ECB’s asset purchase programme (APP) has triggered substantial capital flows across borders, favouring a substantial portfolio adjustment towards foreign sovereign bonds and increasing the average maturity of bonds in the portfolios. Also, APP announcements have caused a broad‑based depreciation of the euro and boosted equity prices around the world; see “The international dimension of the ECB’s asset purchase programme”, speech by Benoît Cœuré, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Foreign Exchange Contact Group meeting, 11 July 2017.
29. See, for instance, “Financial conditions and growth at risk”, Global Financial Stability Report, IMF, October 2017, Chapter 3.
30. The index, computed by Goldman Sachs, is a weighted average of a short‑term interest rate, a long‑term riskless bond yield, a corporate credit spread, the ratio of an equity index to a lagged ten‑year average of earnings per share, and a trade‑weighted exchange rate. In the case of the euro area, the index also includes a measure of fragmentation, i.e. a sovereign credit spread. It assigns to the different indicators a weight that reflects their predictive content for GDP four quarters ahead which is also inversely related to their standard deviation.
31. The indices are computed by Bloomberg. The index for the United States includes: (i) for money market rates, the TED spread, the LIBOR/OIS spread and the commercial paper/T‑bill spread; (ii) for the bond market, the Baa corporate/Treasury spread, the municipal/Treasury spread, the high‑yield Treasury spread and the swaption volatility index; and (iii) for the stock market, the VIX and the deviation of Standard & Poor’s share prices from their five‑year moving average. All the components are aggregated using equal weights. For the euro area, the index includes: (i) for money market rates, the euro TED spread and the EURIBOR/OIS spread; (ii) for the bond market, the JP Morgan High Yield Europe Index and the EU ten‑year swap spread; and (iii) the deviation of EURO STOXX share prices from their five‑year moving average, the VDAX‑NEW index and de‑trended share prices.
32. The indicators are in deviations from a historical mean and standardised, so that periods in which they are positive (negative) indicate financial conditions being tight (loose) relative to their mean level.
33. July 2012 is taken as the cut‑off period to account for changes in market expectations about the likelihood of the ECB adopting unconventional monetary policy measures following the speech given by Mario Draghi, President of the ECB, at the Global Investment Conference in London on 26 July 2012.
34. An interesting observation is that the crisis that originated in the United States in 2008 had a stronger impact on the euro area than the euro area sovereign debt crisis had on the United States. While more refined analyses would be needed to ascertain the strength of the respective causal effects, it is plausible that the strong activity of euro area banks in the United States amplified the effects of the US crisis on the euro area economy.
35. The methodology follows Miranda‑Agrippino and Rey (2015). Nevertheless, this exercise uses only national averages of equity returns and does not consider the prices of risky bonds. | 2022-11-28T12:23:11 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 10, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.20202450454235077, "perplexity": 2372.7037052595406}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710503.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128102824-20221128132824-00405.warc.gz"} |
https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/materials/CombinedScalarDamage.html | Scalar Material Damage
Scalar damage model which is computed as a function of multiple scalar damage models
Description
CombinedScalarDamage is a model to define the effect of damage on the stress and stiffness in a continuum damage mechanics setting. It does not directly compute the stress, but must be used in conjunction with ComputeDamageStress.
This model is a scalar damage model in which the stress is computed as a function of the damage , the original stiffness of the material and the elastic strain :
(1)
The damage variable itself is computed as a combination of a series of external scalar damage models defined by the damage_models input parameters. Two combination types are possible: Maximum (default) and Product:
\begin{eqnarray} \mathrm{Maximum:} & d = & \mathrm{max}(d_1 ... d_N) \\ \mathrm{Product:} & d = & 1 - \Prod\limits_{i=1}^{N} (1 - d_i) \end{eqnarray}
Input Parameters
• damage_modelsName of the damage models used to compute the damage index
C++ Type:std::vector
Options:
Description:Name of the damage models used to compute the damage index
Required Parameters
• base_nameOptional parameter that allows the user to define multiple mechanics material systems on the same block, i.e. for multiple phases
C++ Type:std::string
Options:
Description:Optional parameter that allows the user to define multiple mechanics material systems on the same block, i.e. for multiple phases
• damage_index_namedamage_indexname of the material property where the damage index is stored
Default:damage_index
C++ Type:std::string
Options:
Description:name of the material property where the damage index is stored
• use_old_damageFalseWhether to use the damage index from the previous step in the stress computation
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Whether to use the damage index from the previous step in the stress computation
• maximum_damage_increment0.1maximum damage increment allowed for simulations with adaptative time step
Default:0.1
C++ Type:double
Options:
Description:maximum damage increment allowed for simulations with adaptative time step
• combination_typeMaximumHow the damage models are combined
Default:Maximum
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:Maximum Product
Description:How the damage models are combined
• boundaryThe list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this boundary condition applies
C++ Type:std::vector
Options:
Description:The list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this boundary condition applies
• blockThe list of block ids (SubdomainID) that this object will be applied
C++ Type:std::vector
Options:
Description:The list of block ids (SubdomainID) that this object will be applied
• residual_stiffness_fraction1e-08Minimum fraction of original material stiffness retained for fully damaged material (when damage_index=1)
Default:1e-08
C++ Type:double
Options:
Description:Minimum fraction of original material stiffness retained for fully damaged material (when damage_index=1)
Optional Parameters
• output_propertiesList of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
C++ Type:std::vector
Options:
Description:List of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
• outputsnone Vector of output names were you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Default:none
C++ Type:std::vector
Options:
Description:Vector of output names were you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Outputs Parameters
• enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
• use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
• control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector
Options:
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
• seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Options:
Description:The seed for the master random number generator
• implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
• constant_onNONEWhen ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeSubdomainProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped
Default:NONE
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:NONE ELEMENT SUBDOMAIN
Description:When ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeSubdomainProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped | 2018-12-16T12:24:11 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5224338173866272, "perplexity": 3542.6093798755487}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376827727.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20181216121406-20181216143406-00073.warc.gz"} |
https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess117_2007-2008/sj07/20070419.htm | South Carolina General Assembly
117th Session, 2007-2008
Journal of the Senate
Thursday, April 19, 2007
(Statewide Session)
Indicates Matter Stricken
Indicates New Matter
The Senate assembled at 11:00 A.M., the hour to which it stood adjourned, and was called to order by the PRESIDENT.
A quorum being present, the proceedings were opened with a devotion by the Chaplain as follows:
In the first Chapter of Genesis we read:
"God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning-the sixth day." (Genesis 1:31)
Please, bow with me in prayer:
Your entire creation continues to astound us and to bless us, O God. As we hike along mountain trails, kayak our pleasing rivers, stroll down neighborhood streets, bask in sunlight along the coast, we take in the beautiful places that are a part of this State we love. Lead us always, dear Lord, to honor all that You have made by being wise and diligent caregivers of the world that surrounds us.
In addition, God, bless those who are serving in our Armed Forces in places far away and here at home. Preserve and strengthen all of Your servants in this Senate Chamber, in this governmental complex. As You see all that we ultimately accomplish here, Lord, may You again give Your judgment: that it is very good. And to You, Lord, be the glory.
Amen.
The PRESIDENT called for Petitions, Memorials, Presentments of Grand Juries and such like papers.
MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR
The following appointments were transmitted by the Honorable Mark C. Sanford:
Local Appointments
Initial Appointment, Dorchester County Magistrate, with term to commence April 30, 2003, and to expire April 30, 2007
Janice Y. Simmons, 262 Mallard Road, Summerville, S.C. 29483 VICE Darrell Middleton
Reappointment, Georgetown County Magistrate, with term to commence April 30, 2007, and to expire April 30, 2011
Hon. Elaine C. Elliott, 3613 Old Pee Dee Road, Hemingway, S.C. 29554
Reappointment, Georgetown County Magistrate, with term to commence April 30, 2007, and to expire April 30, 2011
Hon. Isaac L. Pyatt, P. O. Box 807, Georgetown, S.C. 29442
Doctor of the Day
Senator MARTIN introduced Dr. Larry Winn of Easley, S.C., Doctor of the Day.
Leave of Absence
At 11:45 A.M., Senator KNOTTS requested a leave of absence until 1:15 P.M. today.
Leave of Absence
At 12:15 P.M., Senator VAUGHN requested a leave of absence from 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday, April 24, 2007.
S. 465 (Word version) -- Senators Ritchie, Fair, Leventis, Martin, Alexander, Campsen, Knotts, Ford, Anderson, Sheheen, Patterson, Williams, McConnell, Bryant, Cromer, Leatherman, Vaughn, Cleary, Land, O'Dell, Peeler, Reese, Thomas, Hayes, McGill, Verdin, Elliott, Rankin and Hawkins: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO CREATE THE SOUTH CAROLINA WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPLEMENTING A STATEWIDE WIRELESS BROADBAND NETWORK AND TO PROVIDE FOR ITS MEMBERSHIP, POWERS, AND DUTIES.
On motion of Senator SHORT, with unanimous consent, the name of Senator SHORT was added as a co-sponsor of S. 465.
Expression of Personal Interest
Senator COURSON rose for an Expression of Personal Interest.
RECALLED
S. 609 (Word version) -- Senators Patterson, Courson, Lourie and Jackson: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 7-7-465, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DESIGNATION OF VOTING PRECINCTS IN RICHLAND COUNTY, SO AS TO REVISE AND ADD CERTAIN VOTING PRECINCTS OF RICHLAND COUNTY AND REDESIGNATE A MAP NUMBER FOR THE MAP ON WHICH LINES OF THESE PRECINCTS ARE DELINEATED AND MAINTAINED BY THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICS OF THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD AND PROVIDE THAT POLLING PLACES MUST BE SELECTED BY THE RICHLAND COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSION UPON APPROVAL OF A MAJORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE DELEGATION.
Senator McCONNELL asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Bill from the Committee on Judiciary.
There was no objection.
The Bill was recalled from the Committee on Judiciary and ordered placed on the Calendar for consideration tomorrow.
RECALLED
S. 576 (Word version) -- Senators Drummond and O'Dell: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 7-7-290, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DESIGNATION OF VOTING PRECINCTS IN GREENWOOD COUNTY, SO AS TO REVISE AND ADD CERTAIN VOTING PRECINCTS OF GREENWOOD COUNTY AND REDESIGNATE A MAP NUMBER FOR THE MAP ON WHICH LINES OF THESE PRECINCTS ARE DELINEATED AND MAINTAINED BY THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICS OF THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD.
Senator McCONNELL asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Bill from the Committee on Judiciary.
There was no objection.
The Bill was recalled from the Committee on Judiciary and ordered placed on the Calendar for consideration tomorrow.
INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
The following were introduced:
S. 690 (Word version) -- Senator Drummond: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE GREENWOOD COUNTY'S NINETY SIX HIGH SCHOOL MARCHING BAND ON CAPTURING THE 2006 SOUTH CAROLINA CLASS A STATE MARCHING BAND CHAMPIONSHIP TITLE.
l:\council\bills\rm\1182mm07.doc
S. 691 (Word version) -- Senator Gregory: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-170, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO PENALTIES FOR BUYING, SELLING, OR DISPLAYING FOR SALE CARCASSES OR PARTS OF WILD RABBITS IN GAME ZONES 2 AND 4, SO AS TO MAKE SUCH CONDUCT UNLAWFUL STATEWIDE AND TO INCREASE THE PENALTY TO A MAXIMUM OF FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS; BY ADDING SECTION 50-11-300 SO AS TO DESIGNATE WHICH SPECIES CONSTITUTE BIG GAME; TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-520, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE STUDY OF GAME ZONES RESTOCKED WITH WILD TURKEYS AND THE AUTHORITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES TO SET OPEN AND CLOSED SEASONS ON MALE WILD TURKEYS, SO AS TO ALSO ENABLE THE DEPARTMENT TO SET OTHER OPEN AND CLOSED SEASONS; TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-565, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE USE OF CROSS BOWS, SO AS TO STRIKE THE ENTIRE SECTION AND PROVIDE A DEFINITION OF ARCHERY EQUIPMENT AS USED IN THIS TITLE; TO AMEND SECTION 50-13-385, RELATING TO THE MINIMUM SIZE OF LARGEMOUTH BASS FROM LAKES MARION, MOULTRIE, AND WYLIE THAT A PERSON MAY TAKE OR POSSESS, SO AS TO INCLUDE ALL OF LAKE WYLIE INSTEAD OF THE PORTION OF LAKE WYLIE LOCATED IN YORK COUNTY AND IN GAME ZONE 4; TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-708, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS TO OBSERVE OR HARASS WILDLIFE, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A LESSEE MAY USE ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS TO PROTECT HIS PROPERTY; TO AMEND SECTION 50-21-125, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO RESTRICTIONS ON SWIMMING NEAR A PUBLIC BOAT LANDING OR RAMP IN THE VICINITY OF A HYDROELECTRIC GENERATION UTILITY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NO WAKE ZONE, SO AS TO ELIMINATE THE REQUIREMENT THAT THE DEPARTMENT SHALL ISSUE AND POST SIGNS IN THE NO WAKE ZONE INFORMING THE PUBLIC OF THE NO WAKE ZONE; TO AMEND SECTION 50-21-180, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE PROHIBITION OF RIDING SURFBOARDS NEAR FISHING PIERS IN GAME ZONE 7 AND GEORGETOWN COUNTY, SO AS TO MAKE SUCH CONDUCT UNLAWFUL STATEWIDE; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-3-360 RELATING TO ADDITIONAL DEPUTY ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS FOR GAME ZONE 2; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-11-30 RELATING TO THE AUTHORITY OF THE DEPARTMENT TO REGULATE WILD TURKEY HUNTING; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-11-550 RELATING TO THE UNLAWFUL DISCHARGE OF A WEAPON OTHER THAN A SHOTGUN DURING CERTAIN TIMES OF YEAR IN CERTAIN AREAS; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-13-20 RELATING TO LAWFUL METHODS OF CATCHING FISH IN CERTAIN LAKES AND BOYD'S MILL POND IN GAME ZONE 2; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-13-65 RELATING TO AUTHORIZATION OF CLOSED SEASON ON STREAMS IN GAME ZONE 1; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-13-90 RELATING TO CLOSED SEASON ON TROUT; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-13-980 RELATING TO PRESUMPTION FROM POSSESSION OF FISH IN EXCESS OF LEGAL LIMITS; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-13-1010 RELATING TO THE APPLICATION OF PROVISIONS IN ARTICLE 6; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-13-1020 AND CERTAIN DEFINITIONS; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-19-2220 RELATING TO CERTAIN WATERS OF THE SAVANNAH RIVER; TO REPEAL SECTION 50-19-2230 RELATING TO AMENDMENTS AND ADDITIONS TO FISHING REGULATIONS IN CERTAIN WATERS OF THE SAVANNAH RIVER; AND TO REPEAL SECTION 50-19-3010 RELATING TO LAWFUL METHODS FOR CATCHING FISH IN FAIRFOREST CREEK IN UNION AND SPARTANBURG COUNTIES.
l:\council\bills\nbd\11494ab07.doc
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry.
S. 692 (Word version) -- Senator Elliott: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 44-96-150, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO PACKAGING AND PLASTICS IN CONNECTION WITH SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, SO AS TO REQUIRE THAT PLASTIC BAGS PROVIDED BY A RETAILER MUST BE DEGRADABLE, BEGINNING IN 2012.
l:\council\bills\agm\18779mm07.doc
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
S. 693 (Word version) -- Senator McConnell: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 40-47-30, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE REQUIREMENT TO BE LICENSED TO PRACTICE MEDICINE AND TO SPECIFY WHAT IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS PRACTICING MEDICINE, SO AS TO CLARIFY THAT A PHYSICIAN MAY DELEGATE CERTAIN TASKS TO AN UNLICENSED PERSON IF THE PHYSICIAN IS IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE AND TO PROVIDE THAT A PHYSICIAN IS NOT PROHIBITED FROM PRACTICING IN CONSULTATION WITH A SOUTH CAROLINA PHYSICIAN CONCERNING AN OPINION FOR THE SOUTH CAROLINA PHYSICIAN IN MANAGING THE CASE AND TREATMENT OF A PATIENT IN THIS STATE; TO AMEND SECTION 40-47-32, RELATING TO REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSURE TO PRACTICE MEDICINE, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A PHYSICIAN WHO GRADUATED FROM A SCHOOL OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES OR CANADA AND WHO HAS BEEN LICENSED FOR FIVE YEARS, RATHER THAN TEN YEARS, IN ANOTHER STATE, THE PHYSICIAN IS ONLY REQUIRED TO DOCUMENT ONE YEAR OF POST GRADUATE RESIDENCY TRAINING AND TO REVISE THE TIME WITHIN WHICH CERTAIN SPECIALTY EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS MUST BE UNDERTAKEN IN ORDER TO BE SUBSTITUTED FOR REQUIRED EXAMINATIONS; AND TO AMEND SECTION 40-47-35, RELATING TO LICENSURE AS AN EXPERT MEDICAL WITNESS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT RATHER THAN THE BOARD OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS LICENSING A PHYSICIAN AS AN EXPERT WITNESS, A PHYSICIAN WHO TESTIFIES IN A PROCEEDING IN THIS STATE IS DEEMED TO HAVE SUBMITTED TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE BOARD AND TO PROVIDE NOTICE AND INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS RECEIVED.
l:\council\bills\nbd\11588ac07.doc
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
S. 694 (Word version) -- Senator Cromer: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 56-1-1710, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DEFINITION OF THE TERM "MOPED", SO AS TO DELETE THE PROVISION THAT ESTABLISHES A MOPED'S MAXIMUM HORSEPOWER, AND TO INCREASE THE MAXIMUM SPEED THAT A MOPED MAY ATTAIN; AND TO AMEND SECTION 56-15-310, RELATING TO THE LICENSING OF CERTAIN MOTOR VEHICLE DEALERS AND WHOLESALERS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THIS PROVISION APPLIES TO DEALERS AND WHOLESALERS OF TWO-, THREE-, OR FOUR-WHEEL VEHICLES, EXCEPT MOTORCYCLES, WHICH ARE LEGALLY PERMITTED TO TRAVEL ALONG THE STATE'S PUBLIC HIGHWAYS.
l:\council\bills\swb\5240cm07.doc
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Transportation.
S. 695 (Word version) -- Medical Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION-BOARD OF NURSING, RELATING TO NURSING PROGRAMS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 3080, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
l:\council\bills\nbd\11585ac07.doc
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
S. 696 (Word version) -- Medical Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION, BOARD OF EXAMINERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, RELATING TO PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY-SPECIALTY DESIGNATIONS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 3102, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
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Read the first time and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
S. 697 (Word version) -- Senators Leventis, Drummond and Sheheen: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 12 TO CHAPTER 52, TITLE 48 SO AS TO PROHIBIT THE SALE OF GENERAL SERVICE INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULBS IN THIS STATE AFTER DECEMBER 31, 2017, UNLESS A MANUFACTURER OF THE LIGHT BULBS CAN DEMONSTRATE TO THE STATE ENERGY OFFICE THAT THE LIGHT BULB IS THIRTY-THREE PERCENT MORE EFFICIENT THAN A LIGHT BULB AVAILABLE FOR SALE TO THE PUBLIC AFTER JUNE 30, 2007, AND BEFORE JANUARY 1, 2018, AND TO DEFINE "GENERAL SERVICE INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB".
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Senator LEVENTIS spoke on the Bill.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources.
S. 698 (Word version) -- Senators Ritchie, Ford and Cleary: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO FIX 12:00 NOON ON WEDNESDAY, MAY 23, 2007, AS THE TIME TO ELECT A SUCCESSOR TO A CERTAIN JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT, SEAT 5, TO FILL THE UNEXPIRED TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JULY 31, 2010; TO ELECT A SUCCESSOR TO A CERTAIN JUDGE OF THE COURT OF APPEALS, SEAT 7, TO FILL THE UNEXPIRED TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JUNE 30, 2008, AND THE SUBSEQUENT FULL TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JUNE 30, 2014; AND TO ELECT A SUCCESSOR TO A CERTAIN JUDGE OF THE CIRCUIT COURT, FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, SEAT 2, TO FILL THE UNEXPIRED TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JUNE 30, 2009.
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The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 3134 (Word version) -- Reps. Weeks, Taylor, Cobb-Hunter, M. A. Pitts and Duncan: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 20-7-420, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE FAMILY COURT, INCLUDING JURISDICTION TO ORDER VISITATION FOR GRANDPARENTS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT IF THE COURT FINDS THAT THE CHILD'S PARENTS ARE DEPRIVING THE GRANDPARENT VISITATION WITH THE CHILD AND THAT IT IS IN THE CHILD'S BEST INTEREST TO HAVE VISITATION WITH THE GRANDPARENT, THE COURT MAY ORDER SUCH VISITATION.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 3239 (Word version) -- Reps. Funderburk, Cato and Mahaffey: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO AUTHORIZE THE SOUTH CAROLINA EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION TO EXPEND UP TO FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS OF THE FUNDS MADE AVAILABLE TO THE STATE UNDER SECTION 903 OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, AS AMENDED, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACQUIRING LAND ON WHICH TO ERECT A BUILDING FOR USE BY THE SOUTH CAROLINA EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION IN SPARTANBURG COUNTY.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Finance.
H. 3286 (Word version) -- Reps. Crawford and M. A. Pitts: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 23-3-70 SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE USE OF PLAIN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIONS BY EACH STATE AND LOCAL EMERGENCY, FIRE, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 3317 (Word version) -- Reps. Walker, Hinson, Harrell, Cobb-Hunter, Weeks, Hart, F. N. Smith, Parks, Knight, Williams, Jefferson, Howard, McLeod, Mahaffey, Herbkersman and Agnew: A BILL TO AMEND ARTICLE 13, CHAPTER 43, TITLE 44 OF THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE GIFT OF LIFE TRUST FUND, SO AS TO CHANGE THE NAME TO "DONATE LIFE SOUTH CAROLINA", AND TO ADD ARTICLE 14 TO CHAPTER 43, TITLE 44 SO AS TO ESTABLISH AN ORGAN AND TISSUE DONOR REGISTRY TO BE ADMINISTERED BY DONATE LIFE SOUTH CAROLINA; AND TO AMEND SECTION 56-1-80, RELATING TO DRIVER'S LICENSE AND PERMIT APPLICATIONS, SO AS TO REQUIRE THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES TO PROVIDE ORGAN DONOR INFORMATION INDICATED ON SUCH APPLICATIONS TO DONATE LIFE SOUTH CAROLINA.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
H. 3466 (Word version) -- Reps. Umphlett, Hinson, E. H. Pitts, Haley, Ballentine, Huggins, Vick, Agnew, Anderson, Battle, Bingham, R. Brown, Cato, Ceips, Chellis, Cobb-Hunter, Dantzler, Duncan, Funderburk, Hagood, Harvin, Herbkersman, Jefferson, Jennings, Knight, Limehouse, Lowe, Mahaffey, Merrill, Miller, Ott, Owens, Parks, Pinson, M. A. Pitts, Sandifer, Scarborough, Scott, Sellers, Simrill, Spires, Stavrinakis, Taylor, White, Whitmire, Williams, Toole, Bowen, Gullick, Hodges and Crawford: A BILL TO AMEND TITLE 49, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO WATER, WATER RESOURCES, AND DRAINAGE, BY ADDING CHAPTER 30 SO AS TO ENACT THE "PUBLIC WATERS NUISANCE ABATEMENT ACT" WHICH PERMITS THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES TO REMOVE OR REQUIRE THE REMOVAL OF CERTAIN STRUCTURES FROM THE PUBLIC WATERS OF THIS STATE UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS, TO PROVIDE PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION, TO PROVIDE FOR AUTHORITY OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND A MUNICIPALITY OR COUNTY TO DECLARE THESE STRUCTURES NUISANCES AND REQUIRE THEIR REMOVAL, AND TO PROVIDE, FURTHER, FOR A CIVIL ACTION BY A PRIVATE CITIZEN.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources.
H. 3624 (Word version) -- Reps. Herbkersman, Cotty, Bannister, Breeland, Crawford, Duncan, Edge, Harrison, Hinson, Huggins, Jennings, Scott, G. M. Smith, Miller, Battle and Perry: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 61-4-10, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DEFINITION OF BEERS, ALES, PORTERS, AND WINES THAT ARE CONSIDERED NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, SO AS TO INCREASE THE PERCENT OF ALCOHOL BY WEIGHT IN BEERS, ALES, PORTERS, AND SIMILAR MALT BEVERAGES THAT ARE CONSIDERED NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 3711 (Word version) -- Reps. Sandifer and Whitmire: A BILL TO AMEND CHAPTER 25, TITLE 6, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY REDESIGNATING THE CHAPTER KNOWN AS THE "JOINT MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEMS ACT" AS THE "JOINT AUTHORITY WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS ACT", SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS OF A JOINT AUTHORITY WATER AND SEWER SYSTEM COMMISSION, TO PROVIDE THAT A COMMISSION MAY CONSIST OF NO MORE THAN ELEVEN MEMBERS, TO PROVIDE THAT A CHANGE IN THE MEMBERSHIP OF A JOINT SYSTEM IS NOT FINAL UNTIL NOTICE OF THE CHANGE IS FILED WITH THE SECRETARY OF STATE, TO PROVIDE THAT A JOINT SYSTEM MAY ENTER A CONTRACT TO SELL WATER OR PROVIDE SEWER SERVICE, AMONG OTHER THINGS; AND TO MAKE CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE CHAPTER.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 3808 (Word version) -- Reps. G. M. Smith, Weeks, G. Brown and Lowe: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE PORTION OF MILLER ROAD IN SUMTER COUNTY FROM ITS INTERSECTION WITH BROAD STREET TO ITS INTERSECTION WITH GUIGNARD DRIVE "T. L. 'LUKE' ROGERS HIGHWAY", AND ERECT APPROPRIATE SIGNS OR MARKERS ALONG THIS HIGHWAY THAT CONTAIN THE WORDS "T. L. 'LUKE' ROGERS HIGHWAY".
The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Transportation.
H. 3845 (Word version) -- Reps. Harvin, Kennedy and Anderson: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE PORTION OF SOUTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY 521 IN CLARENDON COUNTY, BEGINNING AT THE SUMTER COUNTY LINE AND ENDING AT THE WILLIAMSBURG COUNTY LINE THE "JOHN C. LAND III HIGHWAY" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE SIGNS OR MARKERS AT THIS LOCATION THAT CONTAIN THE WORDS "JOHN C. LAND III HIGHWAY".
The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Transportation.
H. 3878 (Word version) -- Medical, Military, Public and Municipal Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION, BOARD OF EXAMINERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, RELATING TO PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY-SPECIALTY DESIGNATIONS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 3102, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
H. 3895 (Word version) -- Reps. Hosey, Sellers, Anderson, Breeland, G. Brown, Clyburn, Huggins and Jennings: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME SOUTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY 304 IN BARNWELL COUNTY THE "ARIE BLACK GUESS HIGHWAY" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE SIGNS OR MARKERS ALONG THIS HIGHWAY THAT CONTAIN THE WORDS "ARIE BLACK GUESS HIGHWAY".
The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Transportation.
H. 3910 (Word version) -- Reps. Chellis, Young, Harrell and Knight: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE INTERCHANGE LOCATED AT EXIT 177 ALONG INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 26 IN DORCHESTER COUNTY "CORPORAL PHILLIP MICHAEL DEESE MEMORIAL INTERCHANGE" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE MARKERS OR SIGNS AT THIS INTERCHANGE THAT CONTAIN THE WORDS "CORPORAL PHILLIP MICHAEL DEESE MEMORIAL INTERCHANGE".
The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Transportation.
H. 3932 (Word version) -- Reps. Delleney, W. D. Smith and F. N. Smith: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO FIX 12:00 NOON ON WEDNESDAY, MAY 23, 2007, AS THE TIME TO ELECT A SUCCESSOR TO A CERTAIN JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT, SEAT 5, TO FILL THE UNEXPIRED TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JULY 31, 2010; TO ELECT A SUCCESSOR TO A CERTAIN JUDGE OF THE COURT OF APPEALS, SEAT 7, TO FILL THE UNEXPIRED TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JUNE 30, 2008, AND THE SUBSEQUENT FULL TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JUNE 30, 2014; AND TO ELECT A SUCCESSOR TO A CERTAIN JUDGE OF THE CIRCUIT COURT, FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, SEAT 2, TO FILL THE UNEXPIRED TERM WHICH EXPIRES ON JUNE 30, 2009.
On motion of Senator RITCHIE, with unanimous consent, the Concurrent Resolution was introduced and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES
Senator ALEXANDER from the General Committee polled out H. 3694 favorable:
H. 3694 (Word version) -- Reps. White, Agnew, Alexander, Allen, Anderson, Anthony, Bales, Ballentine, Bannister, Barfield, Battle, Bedingfield, Bingham, Bowen, Bowers, Brady, Branham, Brantley, Breeland, G. Brown, R. Brown, Cato, Ceips, Chalk, Chellis, Clemmons, Clyburn, Cobb-Hunter, Coleman, Cooper, Cotty, Crawford, Dantzler, Davenport, Delleney, Duncan, Edge, Frye, Funderburk, Gambrell, Govan, Gullick, Hagood, Haley, Hamilton, Hardwick, Harrell, Harrison, Hart, Harvin, Haskins, Hayes, Herbkersman, Hinson, Hiott, Hodges, Hosey, Howard, Huggins, Jefferson, Jennings, Kelly, Kennedy, Kirsh, Knight, Leach, Limehouse, Littlejohn, Loftis, Lowe, Lucas, Mack, Mahaffey, McLeod, Merrill, Miller, Mitchell, Moody-Lawrence, Moss, Mulvaney, J.H. Neal, J.M. Neal, Neilson, Ott, Owens, Parks, Perry, Phillips, Pinson, E.H. Pitts, M.A. Pitts, Rice, Rutherford, Sandifer, Scarborough, Scott, Sellers, Shoopman, Simrill, Skelton, D.C. Smith, F.N. Smith, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, J.E. Smith, J.R. Smith, W.D. Smith, Spires, Stavrinakis, Stewart, Talley, Taylor, Thompson, Toole, Umphlett, Vick, Viers, Walker, Weeks, Whipper, Whitmire, Williams, Witherspoon and Young: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO NAME THE NEW SOUTH CAROLINA VETERANS CEMETERY IN ANDERSON COUNTY THE M. J. "DOLLY" COOPER VETERANS CEMETERY.
General Committee
Polled 16; Ayes 15; Nays 0; Not Voting 1
AYES
Alexander O'Dell Martin
Ryberg Elliott Hawkins
Knotts Ford Short
Sheheen Reese Ritchie
Lourie Williams Vaughn
Total--15
NAYS
Total--0
NOT VOTING
Total--1
Rankin
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Invitations Accepted
On motion of Senator KNOTTS, each of the following invitations was polled from the Committee on Invitations with a favorable report, with the respective committee members voting as shown below:
Poll of the Invitations Committee
Polled 11; Ayes 11; Nays 0; Not Voting 0
AYES
Knotts Alexander Patterson
O'Dell McGill Reese
Elliott Ford Verdin
Campsen Cromer
Total--11
NAYS
Total--0
An invitation from the Society of Plastics to attend a reception at the Capital City Club on Tuesday, April 24, 2007, from 6:00 until 7:20 P.M.
An invitation from the SC Association of Housing Authorities to attend a breakfast in Room 221 Blatt Bldg. on Wednesday, April 25, 2007, from 8:00 until 10:00 A.M.
An invitation from the SC Trucking Association to attend a luncheon on the State House grounds on Wednesday, April 25, 2007, from 12:00 until 2:00 P.M.
An invitation from the SC Association of Nonprofit Organizations-10th Anniversary-The Lifetime Achievement Award will be awarded (posthumously to Senator J. VERNE SMITH) to attend a reception at the Marriott Hotel on Wednesday, April 25, 2007, from 6:00 until 8:00 P.M.
An invitation from the SC Speech and Hearing Association to attend a breakfast in Room 221 Blatt Bldg. on Thursday, April 26, 2007, from 8:30 until 10:00 A.M.
An invitation from the SC Beer Wholesalers Association to attend a reception at the SCBWA office (1114 College Street) on Tuesday, May 1, 2007, from 6:00 until 8:00 P.M.
An invitation from State Farm to attend a breakfast in Room 221 Blatt Bldg. on Wednesday, May 2, 2007, from 8:00 until 10:00 A.M.
An invitation from the SC Child Care Association to attend a luncheon in Room 221 Blatt Bldg. on Wednesday, May 2, 2007, from 12:00 until 2:00 P.M.
An invitation from the Mechanical Contractors to attend a reception at The Coop on Wednesday, May 2, 2007, from 6:00 until 8:00 P.M.
An invitation from the John De La Howe School to attend a breakfast in Room 221 Blatt Bldg. on Thursday, May 3, 2007, from 8:00 until 10:00 A.M.
An invitation from the SC Manufacturers Alliance to attend a luncheon at the Summit Club on Tuesday, May 8, 2007, at 12:45 P.M. or immediately upon adjournment.
An invitation from the Conservation Community Lobby Day to attend an oyster roast at the Seibels House and Gardens on Tuesday, May 8, 2007, from 6:00 until 8:00 P.M.
An invitation from the SC HIV/AIDS Care Crisis Task Force to attend a breakfast in Room 221 Blatt Bldg. on Wednesday, May 9, 2007, from 8:00 until 10:00 A.M.
An invitation from the Palmetto Agriculture and Food Industry Council to attend a luncheon on the State House grounds on Wednesday, May 9, 2007, from 12:00 until 2:00 P.M.
Message from the House
Columbia, S.C., April 18, 2007
Mr. President and Senators:
The House respectfully informs your Honorable Body that it concurs in the amendments proposed by the Senate to:
H. 3218 (Word version) -- Reps. Harrison, G. Brown, Thompson and Mack: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 61-4-10, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DEFINITION OF BEERS, ALES, PORTERS, AND WINES THAT ARE CONSIDERED NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, SO AS TO INCREASE THE PERCENT OF ALCOHOL BY WEIGHT IN BEERS, ALES, PORTERS, AND SIMILAR MALT BEVERAGES FOR SPECIFIC SIZED CONTAINERS THAT ARE CONSIDERED NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; AND TO AMEND SECTION 61-4-1115, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO AGREEMENTS BETWEEN IMPORTERS AND FOREIGN BREWERS OF BEER WHICH ARE BINDING ON SUCCESSOR IMPORTERS, SO AS TO REVISE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION SO THAT THE PROVISIONS ALSO APPLY TO DOMESTIC BRANDS OF BEER AND TO STIPULATE THAT WHEN A PRODUCER OR PRIMARY AMERICAN SOURCE OF SUPPLY TRANSFERS, CONVEYS, OR ASSIGNS A BRAND OF BEER TO ANOTHER PRODUCER OR PRIMARY AMERICAN SOURCE OF SUPPLY, THE ASSIGNMENT OF TERRITORY OF THAT BRAND TO A WHOLESALER, AS REQUIRED BY LAW, IS BINDING ON THE SUCCESSOR PRODUCER OR PRIMARY AMERICAN SOURCE OF SUPPLY.
and has ordered the Bill enrolled for Ratification.
Very respectfully,
Speaker of the House
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO A CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED LOCAL AND STATEWIDE CALENDAR.
The following Bills were read the third time and ordered sent to the House of Representatives:
S. 175 (Word version) -- Senators Elliott and Fair: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 11 TO CHAPTER 3, TITLE 23 SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE SOUTH CAROLINA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DIVISION SHALL CREATE AND OPERATE A STATEWIDE FIRST RESPONDER BUILDING MAPPING INFORMATION SYSTEM.
S. 489 (Word version) -- Senators Campsen, Gregory, McGill, Williams and Grooms: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-1-30, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO CLASSIFICATIONS OF BIRDS, ANIMALS, AND FISH, SO AS TO ADD SALTWATER GAMEFISH; TO AMEND SECTION 50-5-1705, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO CATCH LIMITS, SO AS TO DELETE CERTAIN SALTWATER GAMEFISH AND TO PROVIDE CATCH LIMITS FOR OTHER SALTWATER GAMEFISH; TO AMEND SECTION 50-5-1710, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO SIZE LIMITS, SO AS TO DELETE CERTAIN SALTWATER GAMEFISH AND TO PROVIDE SIZE LIMITS FOR OTHER SALTWATER GAMEFISH AND DELETE PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO THE MANNER IN WHICH BLACK SEABASS MUST BE SOLD; AND TO REPEAL SECTION 50-5-1711 RELATING TO LIMITS ON TAKING, POSSESSING, OR SELLING DOLPHINS AND MAHI MAHI AND THE HARVEST, POSSESSION, OR SALE OF SARGASSUM, AND TO PROVIDE PENALTIES.
S. 283 (Word version) -- Senators Grooms and Campsen: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-2200, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MAY PROMULGATE REGULATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION, PRESERVATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND USE OF LAND LEASED OR ESTABLISHED AS WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the third reading of the Bill.
Motion Under Rule 26B
Senator GROOMS asked unanimous consent to make a motion to take up further amendments pursuant to the provisions of Rule 26B.
There was no objection.
Senator GROOMS proposed the following amendment (283R005.LKG), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, SECTION 1, page 2, by striking lines 9-10 and inserting:
/ unlawful on all wildlife management areas and all other lands land owned by the department; provided, however, the department may promulgate /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator GROOMS explained the amendment.
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the third time, passed and ordered sent to the House of Representatives with amendments.
The following Bill, having been read the second time, was ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar:
S. 534 (Word version) -- Senator Leventis: A BILL TO AMEND ACT 620 OF 1992 AND ACT 741 OF 1990, BOTH AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE REAPPORTIONMENT OF THE ELECTION DISTRICTS FROM WHICH TRUSTEES OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS 2 AND 17 OF SUMTER COUNTY ARE ELECTED, SO AS TO FURTHER REAPPORTION THESE DISTRICTS AND TO DESIGNATE A MAP NUMBER FOR THE TWO MAPS ON WHICH THESE NEW LINES OF THE ELECTION DISTRICTS FOR TRUSTEES ARE DESIGNATED AND MAINTAINED BY THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICS OF THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD.
S. 534--Ordered to a Third Reading
On motion of Senator LEVENTIS, S. 534 was ordered to receive a third reading on Friday, April 20, 2007.
S. 99 (Word version) -- Senators Sheheen, Malloy and Ford: A BILL TO AMEND SECTIONS 7-11-20 AND 7-13-15, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO PARTY CONVENTIONS AND PARTY PRIMARY ELECTIONS CONDUCTED BY THE STATE ELECTION COMMISSION AND COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSIONS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE STATE ELECTION COMMISSION CONDUCT PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES AND THAT THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY SET THE DATE AND THE FILING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES AND TO CLARIFY CERTAIN EXISTING PROVISIONS CONCERNING PRIMARIES; AND TO REPEAL SECTION 7-11-25 RELATING TO POLITICAL PARTIES NOT PROHIBITED FROM CONDUCTING PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE OR ADVISORY PRIMARIES.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Judiciary.
Senators RITCHIE and SHEHEEN proposed the following amendment (JUD0099.013), which was adopted:
Amend the committee report, as and if amended, by striking all after the enacting words and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Section 7-11-20 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 7-11-20. (A) Except as provided in subsection (B), Party party conventions or party primary elections held by political parties certified as such by the State Election Commission under pursuant to the provisions of this Title title to nominate candidates for any of the offices to be filled in a general or special election shall must be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Title title and in accordance with party rules not in conflict with the provisions of this Title title or of the Constitution and laws of this State or of the United States.
(B)(1) AExcept as provided in item (2), a certified political party wishing to hold a presidential preference primary election may do so in accordance with the provisions of this title and party rules. However, notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the state committee of the party shall set the date and the hours that the polls will be open for the presidential primary election and the filing requirements. If a party holds a presidential preference primary election on a Saturday, an absentee ballot must be provided to a person who signs an affirmation stating that for religious reasons he does not wish to take part in the electoral process on a Saturday.
(2) In 2008, if the state committee of a certified political party which received at least five percent of the popular vote in South Carolina for the party's candidate for President of the United States decides to hold a presidential preference primary election, the State Election Commission must conduct the presidential preference primary in accordance with the provisions of this title and party rules provided that a registered elector may cast a ballot in only one presidential preference primary. However, notwithstanding any other provision of this title, (a) the State Election Commission and the authorities responsible for conducting the elections in each county shall provide for cost-effective measures in conducting the presidential preference primaries including, but not limited to, combining polling places, while ensuring that voters have adequate notice and access to the polling places; and (b) the state committee of the party shall set the date and the filing requirements, including a certification fee. Political parties must verify the qualifications of candidates prior to certifying to the State Election Commission the names of candidates to be placed on primary ballots. The written certification required by this section must contain a statement that each certified candidate meets, or will meet by the time of the general election, or as otherwise required by law, the qualifications in the United States Constitution, statutory law, and party rules to participate in the presidential preference primary for which he has filed. Political parties must not certify any candidate who does not or will not by the time of the general election meet the qualifications in the United States Constitution, statutory law, and party rules for the presidential preference primary for which candidate desires to file, and such candidate's name must not be placed on a primary ballot. Political parties may charge a certification fee to persons seeking to be candidates in the presidential preference primary for the political party. A filing fee not to exceed twenty thousand dollars, as determined by the State Election Commission, for each candidate certified by a political party must be transmitted by the respective political party to the State Election Commission and must be used for conducting the presidential preference primaries."
SECTION 2. Section 7-13-15 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 7-13-15. (A)(1) Except for This section does not apply to municipal primaries,.
(2) This section does not apply to presidential preference primary elections for the Office of President of the United States, which are provided for in Section 7-11-20(B).
(B) all primaries for national offices, excluding the Office of President and all primaries for state offices, offices including more than one county, and countywide and less than countywide offices, specifically including, but not limited to, all school boards and school trustees, special purpose district offices, which include, but are not limited to, water, sewer, fire, soil conservation, and other similar district offices, must be conducted by the State Election Commission and the county election commissions on the second Tuesday in June of each general election year. Except as provided in subsection (A) or unless otherwise specifically provided for by statute or ordinance, the following primaries must be conducted by the State Election Commission and the county election commissions on the second Tuesday in June of each general election year:
(1) primaries for national offices, excluding the presidential preference primaries for the Office of President of the United States, which are provided for in Section 7-11-20(B); and
(2) primaries for:
(a) state offices;
(b) offices including more than one county;
(c) countywide and less than countywide offices, specifically including, but not limited to, all school boards and school trustees; and
(d) special purpose district offices, which include, but are not limited to, water, sewer, fire, soil conservation, and other similar district offices."
SECTION 3. Section 7-11-25 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 7-11-25. Nothing Except for the provisions of Section 7-11-20 related to presidential preference primaries, nothing in this act chapter nor any other provision of law may be construed as either requiring or prohibiting the political parties a political party in this State from conducting, advisory primaries according to their the party's own rules and at the party's expense, presidential preference or advisory primaries."
SECTION 4. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor./
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator RITCHIE explained the perfecting amendment.
ACTING PRESIDENT PRESIDES
At 11:48 A.M., Senator MARTIN assumed the Chair.
The Committee on Judiciary proposed the following amendment (JUD0099.003), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking the bill in its entirety and inserting therein the following:
/ A BILL
TO AMEND SECTIONS 7-11-20 AND 7-13-15, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO PARTY CONVENTIONS AND PARTY PRIMARY ELECTIONS CONDUCTED BY THE STATE ELECTION COMMISSION AND COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSIONS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE STATE ELECTION COMMISSION CONDUCT PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARIES, THAT THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY SET THE DATE AND THE FILING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARIES, TO CLARIFY CERTAIN EXISTING PROVISIONS CONCERNING PRIMARIES, AND TO ESTABLISH THE SOUTH CAROLINA PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY FUND TO ALLOW TAXPAYERS TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE COST OF CONDUCTING THE PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY ELECTIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 7-11-25, RELATING TO POLITICAL PARTIES NOT PROHIBITED FROM CONDUCTING PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE OR ADVISORY PRIMARIES, SO AS TO DELETE THE REFERENCES TO PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARIES; AND TO AMEND SECTION 12-6-5060, RELATING TO VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO CERTAIN FUNDS THAT MAY BE DESIGNATED ON TAX RETURNS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT CONTRIBUTIONS MAY BE MADE TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY FUND.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:
SECTION 1. Section 7-11-20 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 7-11-20. (A) Except as provided in subsection (B), Party party conventions or party primary elections held by political parties certified as such by the State Election Commission under pursuant to the provisions of this Title title to nominate candidates for any of the offices to be filled in a general or special election shall must be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Title title and in accordance with party rules not in conflict with the provisions of this Title title or of the Constitution and laws of this State or of the United States.
(B) A If the state committee of a certified political party wishing decides to hold a presidential preference primary election, may do so the State Election Commission must conduct the presidential preference primary in accordance with the provisions of this title and party rules. However, notwithstanding any other provision of this title, (1) the State Election Commission and the authorities responsible for conducting the elections in each county shall provide for cost effective measures in conducting the presidential preference primaries including, but not limited to, combining polling places, while ensuring that voters have adequate notice and access to the polling places; and (2) the state committee of the party shall set the date and the hours that the polls will be open for the presidential primary election and the filing requirements, including the filing fee, for the presidential preference primary election. Any filing fee set by a party must be remitted to the South Carolina Presidential Preference Primary Fund to defray the cost of conducting the presidential preference primaries. If a party holds sets the date of a presidential preference primary election on a Saturday, an absentee ballot must be provided to a person who signs an affirmation stating that for religious reasons he does not wish to take part in the electoral process on a Saturday.
(C) The South Carolina Presidential Preference Primary Fund is established for use by the South Carolina Election Commission in the manner the General Assembly provides to defray the cost of conducting the presidential preference primaries. A taxpayer may contribute to the fund by designating the contribution on his tax return as provided in Section 12-6-5060. The Department of Revenue must transfer the appropriate amount to the fund at the earliest possible time. Revenues from the South Carolina Presidential Preference Primary Fund carry forward into succeeding fiscal years and earnings of the funds must be credited to the fund."
SECTION 2. Section 7-13-15 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 7-13-15. (A)(1) Except for This section does not apply to municipal primaries,.
(2) This section does not apply to presidential preference primary elections for the Office of President of the United States, which are provided for in Section 7-11-20(B).
(B) all primaries for national offices, excluding the Office of President and all primaries for state offices, offices including more than one county, and countywide and less than countywide offices, specifically including, but not limited to, all school boards and school trustees, special purpose district offices, which include, but are not limited to, water, sewer, fire, soil conservation, and other similar district offices, must be conducted by the State Election Commission and the county election commissions on the second Tuesday in June of each general election year. Except as provided in subsection (A) or unless otherwise specifically provided for by statute or ordinance, the following primaries must be conducted by the State Election Commission and the county election commissions on the second Tuesday in June of each general election year:
(1) primaries for national offices, excluding the presidential preference primaries for the Office of President of the United States, which are provided for in Section 7-11-20(B); and
(2) primaries for:
(a) state offices;
(b) offices including more than one county;
(c) countywide and less than countywide offices, specifically including, but not limited to, all school boards and school trustees; and
(d) special purpose district offices, which include, but are not limited to, water, sewer, fire, soil conservation, and other similar district offices."
SECTION 3. Section 7-11-25 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 7-11-25. Nothing in this act nor any other provision of law may be construed as prohibiting the political parties in this State from conducting, advisory primaries according to their own rules and at the party's expense, presidential preference or advisory primaries."
SECTION 4. Section 12-6-5060 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 12-6-5060. (A)(1) By designating the contribution on the return, Each each taxpayer required to file a state individual income tax return may contribute to:
(a) the War Between the States Heritage Trust Fund established pursuant to Section 51-18-115,;
(b) the Nongame Wildlife and Natural Areas Program Fund established pursuant to Section 50-1-280,;
(c) the Children's Trust Fund of South Carolina established pursuant to Section 20-7-5010,;
(d) the Eldercare Trust Fund of South Carolina established pursuant to Section 43-21-160, or;
(e) the First Steps to School Readiness Fund established pursuant to Section 20-7-9740,;
(f) the South Carolina Military Family Relief Fund established pursuant to Article 3, Chapter 11 of Title 25,;
(g) the Gift of Life Trust Fund of South Carolina established pursuant to Section 44-43-1310,;
(h) the Veterans' Trust Fund of South Carolina established pursuant to Chapter 21 of Title 25,;
(i) the South Carolina Litter Control Enforcement Program (SCLCEP) and used by the Governor's Task Force on Litter only for the SCLCEP Program,;
(j) the South Carolina Law Enforcement Assistance Program (SCLEAP) and used as provided in Section 23-3-65,;
(k) the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism for use in the South Carolina State Park Service in the manner the General Assembly provides,;
(l) K-12 public education for use in the manner the General Assembly provides by law,;
(m) the South Carolina Conservation Bank Trust Fund established pursuant to Section 48-59-60, or;
(n) the Financial Literacy Trust Fund as established pursuant to Section 59-29-510, by designating the contribution on the return; or
(o) the South Carolina Presidential Preference Primary Fund established pursuant to Section 7-11-20(C) for use by the South Carolina Election Commission in the manner the General Assembly provides.
(2) The contribution may be made by reducing the income tax refund or by remitting additional payment by the amount designated.
(B) All South Carolina individual income tax return forms must contain a designation for the above contributions. The instructions accompanying the income tax form must contain a description of the purposes for which the funds were established and the use of monies from the income tax contribution.
(C) The department shall determine and report at least annually to the appropriate agency administering the fund or in the case of the Children's Trust Fund to the fund the total amount of contributions designated to the above funds. The department shall must transfer the appropriate amount to each fund at the earliest possible time. The incremental cost of administration of the contribution must be retained by the department from the contributions before any funds are expended as provided in this section.
(D) The Department of Natural Resources shall make a report to the General Assembly as early in January of each year as may be practicable, which must include the amount of revenue produced by the contributions and a detailed accounting of expenditures from the Nongame Wildlife and Natural Areas Fund.
(E) For purposes of this section, the South Carolina Department of Revenue is not subject to provisions of the South Carolina Solicitation of Charitable Funds Act as contained in Chapter 56, of Title 33.
(F) Revenues from the South Carolina Litter Control Enforcement Program Fund, and the South Carolina Law Enforcement Assistance Program Fund, and the South Carolina Presidential Preference Primary Fund carry forward into succeeding fiscal years and earnings of the funds must be credited to them."
SECTION 5. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor./
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senators COURSON and SHEHEEN spoke on the Bill.
The question then was the second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 26; Nays 15
AYES
Anderson Campsen Drummond
Elliott Ford Hayes
Hutto Jackson Land
Leatherman Leventis Lourie
Malloy Martin Matthews
McGill O'Dell Patterson
Pinckney Reese Ritchie
Scott Setzler Sheheen
Short Williams
Total--26
NAYS
Alexander Bryant Cleary
Courson Cromer Fair
Grooms Hawkins Knotts
McConnell Peeler Ryberg
Thomas Vaughn Verdin
Total--15
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 99--Ordered to a Third Reading
On motion of Senator SHEHEEN, with unanimous consent, S. 99 was ordered to receive a third reading on Friday, April 20, 2007.
PRESIDENT PRESIDES
At 11:53 A.M., the PRESIDENT assumed the Chair.
S. 639 (Word version) -- Senator Leventis: A BILL TO PROVIDE THAT SUMTER COUNTY ON JULY 1, 2011, SHALL CONSIST OF ONE SCHOOL DISTRICT TO BE KNOWN AS THE SUMTER COUNTY CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL DISTRICT AND TO ABOLISH THE EXISTING SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN SUMTER COUNTY; TO PROVIDE THAT THE CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL DISTRICT BE GOVERNED BY A BOARD OF TRUSTEES ELECTED IN NONPARTISAN ELECTIONS ON SPECIFIED DATES; TO PROVIDE FOR THE COMPOSITION AND MANNER OF ELECTION OF THE BOARD; TO PROVIDE A SUPERINTENDENT FOR THE DISTRICT TO BE APPOINTED BY THE BOARD; TO PROVIDE FOR THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE BOARD AND SUPERINTENDENT; TO PROVIDE FOR THE MANNER IN WHICH SCHOOL BUDGETS MUST BE PRESENTED AND THE SCHOOL TAX MILLAGE BE IMPOSED AND CALCULATED; TO PROVIDE FOR THE TRANSFER OF THE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES OF THE TWO PRESENT SCHOOL DISTRICTS TO THE CONSOLIDATED DISTRICT WITH CERTAIN EXCEPTIONS; TO PROVIDE THE MANNER IN WHICH THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEBT LIMITATION OF THE CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL DISTRICT FOR THE ISSUANCE OF A GENERAL OBLIGATION BOND MUST BE DETERMINED; AND TO PROVIDE FOR A SIX-MEMBER TRANSITION TEAM TO BE APPOINTED BY THE BOARDS OF DISTRICT TWO AND DISTRICT SEVENTEEN TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING ATTENDANCE ZONES AND OTHER MATTERS.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Senator LEVENTIS proposed the following amendment (639-LEVENTIS), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 5, lines 20 - 27 by striking SECTION 6 and inserting the following:
/ SECTION 6. In creating the consolidated district, it is anticipated that there will be savings in the total district level administrative costs from the former individual districts; therefore, district level administrative costs in the consolidated district must be less than the combined district level administrative costs of both districts by July 1, 2012. Administrative costs shall be those defined in the State Department of Education financial analysis model. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator LEVENTIS explained the amendment.
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 639--Ordered to a Third Reading
On motion of Senator LEVENTIS, S. 639 was ordered to receive a third reading on Friday, April 20, 2007.
S. 610 (Word version) -- Senator Thomas: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 44-53-360, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES PRESCRIPTIONS, INCLUDING LIMITATIONS ON QUANTITIES PRESCRIBED, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT PRESCRIPTIONS FOR CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES IN SCHEDULES III THROUGH V MUST NOT EXCEED A NINETY-DAY SUPPLY.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Medical Affairs.
The Committee on Medical Affairs proposed the following amendment (S-610 AMENDMENT), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking all after the enacting words and inserting:
/SECTION 1. Section 44-53-360(b) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(b) Except in emergency situations as prescribed by the Department by regulation, and except when distributed to a registrant or dispensed by a practitioner, other than A pharmacist, no may dispense a controlled substance included in Schedule III, or IV, or V shall be dispensed without pursuant to either a written prescription signed by a practitioner, or a facsimile of a written, signed prescription, transmitted by the practitioner or the practitioner's agent to the pharmacy, or pursuant to an oral prescription, reduced promptly to writing and filed by the pharmacist. A prescription transmitted by facsimile must be received at the pharmacy as it was originally transmitted by facsimile and must include the name and address of the practitioner, the phone number for verbal confirmation, the time and date of transmission, and the name of the pharmacy intended to receive the transmission, as well as any other information required by federal or state law. Such prescription, when authorized, may not be refilled more than five times or later than six months after the date of the prescription unless renewed by the practitioner."
SECTION 2. Section 44-53-360(e) of the 1976 Code, as amended by Act 396 of 2006, is further amended to read:
"(e) Prescriptions for controlled substances in Schedules Schedule II through IV, inclusive, with the exception of transdermal patches, must not exceed a thirty-one day supply. Prescriptions for Schedule II substances must be dispensed within sixty ninety days of the date of issue, after which time they are void. Prescriptions for controlled substances in Schedule Schedules III through V, inclusive, must not exceed a ninety-day supply."
SECTION 3. Section 44-53-360(i) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(i) Excepting a mail order prescription dispensed in compliance with Chapter 43 of Title 40 for which the dispenser requires proper identification of the recipient, a A prescription for a controlled substance in Schedules II through V may not be filled unless the dispenser knows the recipient or requires proper identification the recipient to produce a government issued photo identification, and the dispenser notes the identification source and number on the prescription, or in a readily retrievable log including:
(1) prescription number;
(2) date prescription filled;
(3) number and type of identification;
(4) initials of person obtaining and recording information."
SECTION 4. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor./
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator RITCHIE explained the committee amendment.
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 376 (Word version) -- Senators Ritchie, McConnell, Leventis, Martin, Hayes, Gregory, Richardson, Malloy, Sheheen, Campsen, Cleary and Alexander: A BILL TO AMEND CHAPTER 52, TITLE 48 OF THE 1976 CODE BY ENACTING THE "ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ACT OF 2007", TO PROVIDE THAT ALL STATE-FUNDED MAJOR FACILITY PROJECTS MUST MEET ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS SET FORTH BY THE U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL, TO PROVIDE THAT THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD SHALL ADMINISTER THE ARTICLE, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD SHALL REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY THE EFFECTS OF THE ARTICLE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Medical Affairs.
The Committee on Medical Affairs proposed the following amendment (376R007.HSP), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking all after the enacting words and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Chapter 52, Title 48 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Article 8
Energy Independence and Sustainable Construction
Section 48-52-800. This article may be cited as the 'Energy Independence and Sustainable Construction Act of 2007'.
(1) 'Board' means the State Budget and Control Board.
(2) 'Building project' means the design, construction, renovation, operation, and maintenance of any inhabited physical structure and its associated project building site.
(3) 'Commercial interior fit-out' means interior design and installation by owners or tenants of new or existing office space, typically exclusive of structural components and core and shell elements.
(4) 'GBI' means the Green Building Initiative.
(5) 'Globes' means the level of a building's sustainability and energy efficiency performance as determined by GBI's Green Globes Rating System.
(6) 'Green Globes Rating System' means the environmental building rating systems established by the Green Building Initiative.
(7) 'High-performance building' means a building designed to achieve integrated systems design and construction so as to significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of the built environment.
(8) 'LEED' means the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Rating Systems.
(9) 'LEED Silver standard' means the Silver standard as set forth by USGBC's LEED Green Building Rating Systems.
(10) 'Major facility project' means:
(a) a state-funded new construction building project in which the building to be constructed is larger than 10,000 gross square feet;
(b) a state-funded renovation project where the project involves more than fifty percent of the replacement value of the facility or a change in occupancy; or
(c) a state-funded commercial interior tenant fit-out project that is larger than 7,500 square feet of leasable area.
'Major facility project' does not mean:
(i) a building, regardless of size, that does not have conditioned space as defined by Standard 90.1 of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers;
(ii) a public kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, secondary school, junior high school, or high school, all as defined in Section 59-1-150;
(iii) a correctional facility constructed for the Department of Corrections, Department of Mental Health, or Department of Juvenile Justice;
(iv) a building project funded by the State Ports Authority, the Coordinating Council for Economic Development, or the State Infrastructure Bank; or
(v) a building project funded by the Department of Health and Environmental Control where the primary purpose of the building project is for the storage of archived documents.
(11) 'Renovation project' means a building project involving the modification or adaptive reuse of an existing facility.
(12) 'Third-party commissioning agent' means a person accredited by the USGBC or GBI, with expertise in building system performance, who will analyze, evaluate, and confirm the proper function and performance of a high performance building, its systems, equipment, and indoor air quality, and who did not participate in the original certification of the major facility project or renovation project.
(13) 'USGBC' means the United States Green Building Council.
Section 48-52-820. The purpose of this section is to promote effective energy and environmental standards for construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance of buildings in this State thereby improving the state's capacity to design, build, and operate high-performance buildings thus creating new jobs and contributing to economic growth and increasing the state's energy independence. To accomplish the objectives of this article, the State shall adopt policies and procedures that:
(1) optimize the energy performance of buildings throughout this State;
(2) increase the demand for environmentally preferable building materials, finishes, and furnishings;
(3) improve environmental quality in this State by decreasing the discharge of pollutants from state buildings and their manufacture;
(4) create public awareness of new technologies that can improve the health and productivity of building occupants by meeting advanced criteria for indoor air quality;
(5) improve working conditions and reduce building-related health problems;
(6) reduce the state's dependence on imported sources of energy through buildings that conserve energy and utilize local and renewable energy sources;
(7) protect and restore this state's natural resources by avoiding development of inappropriate building sites;
(8) reduce the burden on municipal water supply and treatment by reducing potable water consumption;
(9) reduce waste generation and manage waste through recycling and diversion from landfill disposal;
(10) establish life cycle cost analysis as the appropriate and most efficient analysis to determine a building project's optimal performance level;
(11) ensure each building project's systems are designed, installed, and tested to perform according to the building's design intent and its operational needs through third-party, post-construction review and verification; and
(12) authorize the board to pursue ENERGY STAR designation from the United States Environmental Protection Agency to further demonstrate a building project's energy independence.
Section 48-52-830. (A)(1) All major facility projects in this State, as defined in Section 48-52-810(12)(a), must be designed, constructed, and at least certified as receiving three globes using the Green Globes Rating System or receiving the LEED Silver standard. All major facility projects in this State, as defined in Section 48-52-810(12)(b) or (c), must be analyzed using a life cycle cost analysis comparing the cost and benefits of designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating the facility at the LEED Silver standard or three globes standard, or better, with certification; normal industry and regulatory standards as applicable; or some standard between the two that causes the project to be designed and constructed in a manner that achieves the lowest thirty-year life cycle cost.
(2) In obtaining certification as receiving three globes using the Green Globes Rating System, a major facility project must earn at least twenty percent of the available points for energy performance under 'C.1.1 Energy Consumption'. In obtaining certification as meeting the LEED Silver standard, a major facility project must earn at least forty percent of the available points for energy performance under 'EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance'. The State Engineer's Office may waive the requirements of this item for a proposed major facility project should it determine that the costs of meeting this item are not economically feasible. The State Engineer's Office shall notify the board of the reason for the issuance of a waiver.
(B) The board may petition the General Assembly to require all major facility projects be certified to a high-performance building rating system standard in addition to or instead of the systems provided in this chapter. However, any alternate rating system adopted by the General Assembly must be no less stringent than the systems provided in this chapter.
(C) The board shall administer and enforce the provisions in this article. Also, the board may adopt rules and promulgate regulations to comply with the goals set forth in Section 48-52-820.
Section 48-52-840. (A) In order to become certified using a LEED rating system, a major facility project shall register with USGBC prior to filing the first building construction permit application. USGBC shall have the sole discretion in determining whether a major facility project receives certification.
(B) All major facility projects that were certified at the LEED Silver standard or higher must be inspected by a third-party commissioning agent in the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth year following certification. The third-party commissioning agent shall determine whether the building is operating at the standard to which it was originally designed and certified. The third-party commissioning agent shall report its findings to the State Engineer. The report must include, but is not limited to, the building's savings on energy and water, the level of its indoor air quality, the existing system's function and performance, problems with the system, and whether the system's performance meets the facility's requirements. If the State Engineer determines that the building is not operating within the spirit of this article, the State Engineer may take appropriate measures to bring the building into compliance.
(C) The board shall develop and implement a process to monitor and evaluate the energy and environmental benefits associated with each major facility project designed, constructed, or renovated pursuant to this article. The monitoring and evaluation of each major facility project shall commence one year after certification of the major facility project and shall continue for nineteen years thereafter. All data concerning energy and environmental benefits collected pursuant to this section must be made available to the board to be compiled and submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to Section 48-52-860.
Section 48-52-850. (A) In order to become certified using a Green Globes Rating System, a major facility project shall register with GBI prior to filing the first building construction permit application. GBI shall have the sole discretion in determining whether a major facility project receives certification.
(B) All major facility projects that were first certified as receiving three globes using the Green Globes Rating System must be inspected by a third-party commissioning agent in the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth year following certification. The third-party commissioning agent shall determine whether the building is operating at the standard to which it was originally designed and certified. The third-party commissioning agent shall report its findings to the State Engineer. The report must include, but is not limited to, the building's savings on energy and water, the level of its indoor air quality, the existing system's function and performance, problems with the system, and whether the system's performance meets the facility's requirements. If the State Engineer determines that the building is not operating within the spirit of this article, the State Engineer may take appropriate measures to bring the building into compliance.
(C) The board shall develop and implement a process to monitor and evaluate the energy and environmental benefits associated with each major facility project designed, constructed, or renovated pursuant to this article. The monitoring and evaluation of each major facility project shall commence one year after certification of the major facility project and shall continue for nineteen years thereafter. All data concerning energy and environmental benefits collected pursuant to this section must be made available to the board to be compiled and submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to Section 48-52-860.
Section 48-52-860. The board shall annually submit a report regarding major facility projects to the General Assembly that includes:
(1) the number and types of buildings designed and constructed;
(2) the level of certification of each building designed, constructed, or renovated;
(3) actual savings in energy costs;
(4) a description of all potential environmental benefits, including, but not limited to, water resources savings and the reduction of waste generation;
(5) the ability of buildings to continue to operate at the standard to which it was originally certified;
(6) the reason for any waiver granted by the State Engineer's Office; and
(7) any conflicts or barriers that hinder the effectiveness of this article."
SECTION 2. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor and will apply to all major facility projects that receive approval of the State Budget and Control Board - Permanent Improvement Project Request A-1 form on or after the effective date. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator RITCHIE explained the committee amendment.
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 436 (Word version) -- Senators Alexander and Peeler: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO URGE THE MEMBERS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA DELEGATION TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS AND MEMBERS OF SOUTH CAROLINA STATE GOVERNMENT TO WORK TOGETHER TO TIMELY REAUTHORIZE THE STATE CHILDREN'S HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM TO ASSURE FEDERAL FUNDING FOR THE SOUTH CAROLINA STATE CHILDREN'S HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM TO BE EXPENDED IN THE MANNER DETERMINED BY THIS STATE SUBJECT TO FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS.
The Concurrent Resolution was adopted, ordered sent to the House.
CARRIED OVER
S. 94 (Word version) -- Senators Campsen, Knotts and Fair: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 62-2-204, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO A SURVIVING SPOUSE'S RIGHTS TO AN ELECTIVE SHARE, HOMESTEAD ALLOWANCE, AND EXEMPT PROPERTY, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE VOLUNTARY WAIVER OF THOSE RIGHTS UPON FAIR AND REASONABLE DISCLOSURE BY THE OTHER SPOUSE.
Senator RITCHIE explained the Bill.
On motion of Senator SETZLER, with unanimous consent, the Bill was carried over.
S. 84 (Word version) -- Senators Bryant, Ryberg, Vaughn, Grooms, Verdin and Fair: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 44-41-330 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO PREREQUISITES FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ABORTION, INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED, CERTIFICATION, WAITING PERIOD, SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MINORS OR MENTALLY INCOMPETENT PERSONS, RETENTION OF RECORDS, AND UNAVAILABILITY OF RECORDS, TO PROVIDE THAT THE PHYSICIAN WHO IS TO PERFORM THE ABORTION MUST VERIFY THE PROBABLE GESTATIONAL AGE OF THE EMBRYO OR FETUS BY USING AN OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND, TO PROVIDE THAT THE IMAGES USED TO VERIFY THE PROBABLE GESTATIONAL AGE MUST BE REVIEWED WITH THE WOMAN SEEKING THE ABORTION, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE WOMAN SEEKING THE ABORTION MUST CERTIFY IN WRITING BEFORE THE ABORTION IS PERFORMED THAT SHE HAS REVIEWED THE ULTRASOUND IMAGES.
On motion of Senator FAIR, with unanimous consent, the Bill was carried over.
H. 3355 (Word version) -- Reps. Delleney, Mulvaney, Bedingfield, Shoopman, Leach, Gullick, Duncan, Hamilton, Kelly, M.A. Pitts, Rice, Talley, Walker, Haskins, Simrill, Vick, Owens, Viers, Loftis, G.M. Smith, Toole, G.R. Smith, Pinson and Bingham: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 44-41-330, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO PREREQUISITES FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ABORTION, INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED, CERTIFICATION, WAITING PERIOD, SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MINORS OR MENTALLY INCOMPETENT PERSONS, RETENTION OF RECORDS, AND UNAVAILABILITY OF RECORDS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE PHYSICIAN WHO IS TO PERFORM THE ABORTION MUST VERIFY THE PROBABLE GESTATIONAL AGE OF THE EMBRYO OR FETUS BY USING AN OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND, TO PROVIDE THAT THE IMAGES USED TO VERIFY THE PROBABLE GESTATIONAL AGE MUST BE REVIEWED WITH THE WOMAN SEEKING THE ABORTION, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE WOMAN SEEKING THE ABORTION MUST CERTIFY IN WRITING BEFORE THE ABORTION IS PERFORMED THAT SHE HAS REVIEWED THE ULTRASOUND IMAGES.
On motion of Senator FAIR, with unanimous consent, the Bill was carried over.
H. 3621 (Word version) -- Ways and Means Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROPRIATE MONIES FROM THE CAPITAL RESERVE FUND FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006-2007.
On motion of Senator RYBERG, with unanimous consent, the Joint Resolution was carried over.
H. 3406 (Word version) -- Reps. Sellers, Govan and Ott: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 44-7-3455, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO HOSPITALS NOT SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE HOSPITAL PATIENT SAFETY ACT, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT PROVISIONS OF THAT ACT DO NOT APPLY TO SPECIALTY HOSPITALS UNDER CONTRACT WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG ABUSE SERVICES.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Medical Affairs.
The Committee on Medical Affairs proposed the following amendment (H-3406 AMENDMENT 1), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking all after the enacting words and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Section 44-7-3455 of the 1976 Code, as added by Act 146 of 2005, is amended to read:
"Section 44-7-3455. The provisions of this article do not apply to hospitals owned or operated by the Department of Mental Health or by specialized hospitals licensed exclusively for treatment of alcohol or drug abuse and which are under contract with the Department of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Services."
SECTION 2. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator FAIR explained the committee amendment.
On motion of Senator SETZLER, with unanimous consent, the Bill was carried over, as amended.
THE CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED CALENDAR HAVING BEEN COMPLETED, THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO A CONSIDERATION OF H. 3620, THE GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL.
CARRIED OVER
H. 3620--GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Finance.
On motion of Senator MARTIN, the Bill was carried over.
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO THE MOTION PERIOD.
On motion of Senator MARTIN, the Senate agreed to dispense with the Motion Period.
HAVING DISPENSED WITH THE MOTION PERIOD, THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO A CONSIDERATION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS RETURNED FROM THE HOUSE.
CONCURRENCE
H. 3509 (Word version) -- Reps. Mitchell, Whipper, Parks, Haley, Hodges, J.H. Neal, Bedingfield, F.N. Smith, Gullick, Pinson, Agnew, Alexander, Allen, Anderson, Anthony, Bales, Ballentine, Bannister, Barfield, Battle, Bingham, Bowen, Brady, Branham, Brantley, Breeland, G. Brown, R. Brown, Cato, Ceips, Chalk, Chellis, Clemmons, Clyburn, Cobb-Hunter, Coleman, Cooper, Cotty, Crawford, Dantzler, Davenport, Delleney, Duncan, Edge, Funderburk, Gambrell, Govan, Hagood, Hamilton, Hardwick, Harrell, Harrison, Hart, Harvin, Haskins, Hayes, Herbkersman, Hinson, Hiott, Hosey, Howard, Huggins, Jefferson, Jennings, Kelly, Kennedy, Kirsh, Knight, Leach, Limehouse, Littlejohn, Lowe, Lucas, Mack, Mahaffey, McLeod, Merrill, Miller, Moss, Neilson, Ott, Owens, Perry, Phillips, E.H. Pitts, M.A. Pitts, Rice, Rutherford, Sandifer, Scarborough, Scott, Sellers, Shoopman, Skelton, D.C. Smith, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, J.R. Smith, W.D. Smith, Spires, Stavrinakis, Stewart, Talley, Taylor, Thompson, Toole, Vick, Viers, Walker, Williams, Witherspoon, Young, Bowers, J.M. Neal, Loftis, Simrill, White, Mulvaney, Whitmire, Frye and Weeks: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING CHAPTER 22 TO TITLE 31 TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA LOCAL HOUSING TRUST FUND ENABLING ACT", TO MAKE CERTAIN FINDINGS BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, TO DEFINE CERTAIN TERMS, AND TO ALLOW A LOCAL GOVERNMENT TO CREATE AND OPERATE A "LOCAL HOUSING TRUST FUND" OR A "REGIONAL HOUSING TRUST FUND".
The House returned the Bill with amendments.
On motion of Senator RYBERG, the Senate concurred in the House amendments and a message was sent to the House accordingly. Ordered that the title be changed to that of an Act and the Act enrolled for Ratification.
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO THE SPECIAL ORDERS.
SENT TO THE HOUSE
S. 392 (Word version) -- Senators Ritchie, Cromer, Sheheen, Campsen, Scott, Williams and Vaughn: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ENACTING THE "SOUTH CAROLINA ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION REFORM ACT", TO ADD CHAPTER 28 TO TITLE 8 RELATING TO THE ENFORCEMENT OF FEDERAL IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOM LAWS MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING, TO ADD CHAPTER 29 TO TITLE 8 RELATING TO THE VERIFICATION OF A PERSON'S LAWFUL PRESENCE IN THE UNITED STATES, TO PROHIBIT CERTAIN WAGES FROM BEING CLAIMED AS A DEDUCTIBLE EXPENSE FOR STATE INCOME TAX PURPOSES, TO PROVIDE THAT TAX WITHHOLDING AGENTS MUST WITHHOLD STATE INCOME TAX AT THE RATE OF SIX PERCENT OF THE COMPENSATION PAID UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, TO PROVIDE THAT IT IS A FELONY TO KNOWINGLY TRANSPORT A PERSON WHO IS IN THE UNITED STATES ILLEGALLY, TO PROVIDE THAT ALL JAILS IN THIS STATE MUST MAKE A REASONABLE EFFORT TO DETERMINE WHETHER A PERSON CHARGED WITH CERTAIN CRIMES ARE LAWFULLY PRESENT IN THE UNITED STATES, TO PROVIDE A CIVIL CAUSE OF ACTION TO A PERSON WHO IS TERMINATED FOR ANOTHER PERSON WHO THE EMPLOYER KNEW WAS NOT LAWFULLY IN THE UNITED STATES, AND TO ADD CHAPTER 83 TO TITLE 40 RELATING TO REGISTRATION OF IMMIGRATION ASSISTANCE SERVICES. (ABBREVIATED TITLE)
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the third reading of the Bill.
Senator RITCHIE asked unanimous consent to make a motion to take up a further amendment pursuant to the provisions of Rule 26B.
There was no objection.
Amendment No. 1
Senator HUTTO proposed the following Amendment No. 1 (JUD0392.027), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking SECTIONS 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 in their entirety.
Amend the bill further, as and if amended, page 31, after line 30, by inserting an appropriately numbered SECTION to read:
/ SECTION __. Article 6, Chapter 23, Title 16 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Section 16-23-530. (A) It is unlawful for a person who is not lawfully present in the United States to store, keep, buy, transport, distribute, manufacture, possess, or have in possession or permit another to store, keep, buy, transport, distribute, manufacture, possess, or have in possession a rifle, pistol, or any other firearm.
(B) It is unlawful for a person to sell, rent, give away, or participate in any manner, directly or indirectly, in the sale, renting, giving away, or otherwise disposing of a rifle, pistol, or any other firearm to any person who is not lawfully present in the United States.
(C) A person violating the provisions of subsection (A) of this section is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, must be fined not more than ten thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
(D) A person violating the provisions of subsection (B) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must be fined not more than two thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than three years, or both." /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator RITCHIE explained the amendment.
Senator RITCHIE explained the Bill.
The question then was the third reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 40; Nays 3
AYES
Alexander Bryant Campsen
Cleary Courson Cromer *
Drummond Elliott Fair
Gregory * Grooms Hawkins
Hayes Jackson Knotts *
Land Leatherman Lourie
Malloy Martin Matthews
McConnell McGill Moore *
O'Dell Patterson Peeler
Pinckney Rankin Reese
Ritchie Ryberg Scott
Setzler Sheheen Short
Thomas Vaughn Verdin
Williams
Total--40
NAYS
Anderson Ford Leventis
Total--3
*These Senators were not present in the Chamber at the time the vote was taken and the votes were recorded by leave of the Senate, with unanimous consent.
The Bill was read the third time, passed and ordered sent to the House of Representatives with amendments.
H. 3505 (Word version) -- Reps. Harrell, W.D. Smith, Cato, Chellis, Cooper, Harrison, Walker, Witherspoon, Merrill, Cotty, Duncan, Hagood, Huggins, Scarborough, Haley, Davenport, Ballentine, Bannister, Battle, Bedingfield, Bingham, Bowen, Brady, Breeland, G. Brown, Ceips, Clemmons, Crawford, Dantzler, Delleney, Gambrell, Gullick, Hamilton, Haskins, Hayes, Hinson, Hiott, Kelly, Kirsh, Knight, Leach, Littlejohn, Lowe, Lucas, Mahaffey, Moss, Mulvaney, Owens, Perry, Pinson, E.H. Pitts, M.A. Pitts, Shoopman, Simrill, Skelton, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, Spires, Stavrinakis, Stewart, Talley, Taylor, Thompson, Toole, Umphlett, White, Whitmire, Young, Hodges, Viers and Rice: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO DIRECT THE STATE PORTS AUTHORITY TO CONTINUE AND BRING TO ITS EARLIEST CONCLUSION THE CONDEMNATION ACTION IT HAS BEGUN INVOLVING APPROXIMATELY ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED ACRES IN JASPER COUNTY NEEDED TO DEVELOP NEW TERMINAL FACILITIES; TO PROVIDE THAT THE POWER AND AUTHORITY OF JASPER COUNTY TO UNDERTAKE ANY CONDEMNATION ACTION REGARDING THIS APPROXIMATELY ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED ACRES IN JASPER COUNTY OR ANY OTHER CONDEMNATION ACTION IN REGARD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINAL FACILITIES IN JASPER COUNTY IS SUSPENDED FOR A PERIOD OF THREE YEARS FROM THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS JOINT RESOLUTION; TO DIRECT THE STATE PORTS AUTHORITY TO CONTINUE AND COMPLETE CERTAIN OTHER ACTIONS BEGUN BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS JOINT RESOLUTION IN REGARD TO THESE NEW TERMINAL FACILITIES; AND TO DIRECT THE STATE PORTS AUTHORITY TO BEGIN SPECIFIC NEW UNDERTAKINGS WITHIN A STIPULATED TIME FRAME UPON FINAL CONCLUSION INCLUDING ALL APPEALS OF THE ABOVE CONDEMNATION ACTION.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Joint Resolution, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Transportation.
Amendment No. P-1
Senators LEATHERMAN and GROOMS proposed the following Amendment No. P-1 (3505R004.HKL), which was adopted:
Amend the committee amendment, as and if amended, on page [3505-1] by striking lines 41 - 42 and on page [3505-2] by striking lines 1 - 20 and inserting:
/ (B) The commission shall be composed of twelve members as follows:
(1) the Governor or his designee;
(2) the Speaker of the House of Representatives or his designee;
(3) the President Pro Tempore of the Senate or his designee;
(4) the Attorney General of South Carolina or his designee;
(5) the Chairman of the Board of Health and Environmental Control to serve ex officio or his designee;
(6) the Chairman of the Board of Natural Resources to serve ex officio or his designee;
(7) the Chairman of the State Ports Authority to serve ex officio or his designee;
(8) the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee or his designee;
(9) the Chairman of the Senate Transportation Committee or his designee;
(10) the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee or his designee;
(11) the Chairman of the Education and Public Works Committee or his designee; and
(12) one resident of Jasper County appointed by the Jasper County Council to serve at the pleasure of the council.
The Governor or his designee shall serve as chairman of the commission.
(C) Any state, county, or municipal officeholder named or designated to serve on the commission shall serve ex officio. Notwithstanding Section 8-13-770 of the 1976 Code, members of the General Assembly may be appointed to serve on this commission as the designee of an appointing official. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator GROOMS explained the amendment.
The Committee on Transportation proposed the following amendment (3505R002.GEC), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 4, SECTION 5, by striking line 1 and inserting:
/ the Governor, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President Pro /
Amend the bill further, as and if amended, page 4, SECTION 6, by striking lines 25-43, and page 5, by striking lines 1-4 and inserting:
/ (B) The commission shall be composed of eight members as follows:
(1) the Governor or his designee;
(2) the Speaker of the House of Representatives or his designee;
(3) the President Pro Tempore of the Senate or his designee;
(4) the Attorney General of South Carolina or his designee;
(5) the Chairman of the Board of Health and Environmental Control or his designee;
(6) the Chairman of the Board of Natural Resources or his designee;
(7) the Chairman of the State Ports Authority or his designee; and
(8) one resident of Jasper County appointed by the Jasper County Council to serve at the pleasure of the council.
The Governor or his designee shall serve as chairman of the commission.
(C) Any state, county, or municipal officeholder named or designated to serve on the commission shall serve ex officio. Notwithstanding Section 8-13-770 of the 1976 Code, members of the General Assembly may be appointed to serve on this commission as the designee of an appointing official. /
Amend the bill further, by adding an appropriately numbered new SECTION to read:
/ SECTION ___. If any section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this act is for any reason held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such holding shall not affect the constitutionality or validity of the remaining portions of this act, the General Assembly hereby declaring that it would have passed this act, and each and every section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, and word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more other sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words hereof may be declared to be unconstitutional, invalid, or otherwise ineffective. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator GROOMS explained the committee amendment.
Amendment No. 6A
Senators PINCKNEY and GROOMS proposed the following Amendment No. 6A (3505R012.CCP), which was adopted:
Amend the joint resolution, as and if amended, on page 4, line 9 by inserting an appropriately numbered new SECTION to read:
/ SECTION ___. There is created the Jasper County Port Facility Infrastructure Fund. The fund shall be used for expenses and administrative fees incurred by the county relative to the county's infrastructure and service provision requirements related to the Jasper County Port Facility. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator PINCKNEY explained the amendment.
There being no further amendments, the Resolution was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
H. 3505--Ordered to a Third Reading
On motion of Senator LEATHERMAN, with unanimous consent, H. 3505 was ordered to receive a third reading on Friday, April 20, 2007.
LOCAL APPOINTMENTS
Confirmations
Having received a favorable report from the Dorchester County Delegation, the following appointment was confirmed in open session:
Initial Appointment, Dorchester County Magistrate, with term to commence April 30, 2003, and to expire April 30, 2007
Janice Y. Simmons, 262 Mallard Road, Summerville, S.C. 29483 VICE Darrell Middleton
Having received a favorable report from the Georgetown County Delegation, the following appointments were confirmed in open session:
Reappointment, Georgetown County Magistrate, with term to commence April 30, 2007, and to expire April 30, 2011
Hon. Elaine C. Elliott, 3613 Old Pee Dee Road, Hemingway, S.C. 29554
Reappointment, Georgetown County Magistrate, with term to commence April 30, 2007, and to expire April 30, 2011
Hon. Isaac L. Pyatt, P. O. Box 807, Georgetown, S.C. 29442 | 2020-10-28T08:28:22 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.30227404832839966, "perplexity": 9775.470260940623}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107897022.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028073614-20201028103614-00129.warc.gz"} |
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pmc/section4/pmc44a.htm | 6. Process or Product Monitoring and Control
6.4. Introduction to Time Series Analysis
6.4.4. Univariate Time Series Models
## Box-Jenkins Analysis of Seasonal Data
Series G This example illustrates a Box-Jenkins time series analysis for seasonal data using the series G data set in Box, Jenkins, and Reinsel, 1994. A plot of the 144 observations is shown below.
Non-constant variance can be removed by performing a natural log transformation.
Next, we remove trend in the series by taking first differences. The resulting series is shown below.
Analyzing Autocorrelation Plot for Seasonality To identify an appropriate model, we plot the ACF of the time series.
If very large autocorrelations are observed at lags spaced n periods apart, for example at lags 12 and 24, then there is evidence of periodicity. That effect should be removed, since the objective of the identification stage is to reduce the autocorrelation throughout. So if simple differencing is not enough, try seasonal differencing at a selected period, such as 4, 6, or 12. In our example, the seasonal period is 12.
A plot of Series G after taking the natural log, first differencing, and seasonal differencing is shown below.
The number of seasonal terms is rarely more than one. If you know the shape of your forecast function, or you wish to assign a particular shape to the forecast function, you can select the appropriate number of terms for seasonal AR or seasonal MA models.
The book by Box and Jenkins, Time Series Analysis Forecasting and Control (the later edition is Box, Jenkins and Reinsel, 1994) has a discussion on these forecast functions on pages 326 - 328. Again, if you have only a faint notion, but you do know that there was a trend upwards before differencing, pick a seasonal MA term and see what comes out in the diagnostics.
An ACF plot of the seasonal and first differenced natural log of series G is shown below.
The plot has a few spikes, but most autocorrelations are near zero, indicating that a seasonal MA(1) model is appropriate.
Model Fitting We fit a seasonal MA(1) model to the data $$X_t - \delta = A_t + \theta_1 \, A_{t-1} + \psi_1 \, A_{t-12} + \theta_1 \, \psi_1 \, A_{t-13} \, ,$$ where $$\theta_1$$ represents the MA(1) parameter and $$\psi_1$$ represents the seasonal parameter. The model fitting results are shown below.
Seasonal
Estimate MA(1) MA(1)
-------- ------- -------
Parameter -0.4018 -0.5569
Standard Error 0.0896 0.0731
Residual standard deviation = 0.0367
Log likelihood = 244.7
AIC = -483.4
Test the randomness of the residuals up to 30 lags using the Box-Ljung test. Recall that the degrees of freedom for the critical region must be adjusted to account for two estimated parameters.
H0: The residuals are random.
Ha: The residuals are not random.
Test statistic: Q = 29.4935
Significance level: α = 0.05
Degrees of freedom: h = 30 - 2 = 28
Critical value: Χ 21-α,h = 41.3371
Critical region: Reject H0 if Q > 41.3371
Since the null hypothesis of the Box-Ljung test is not rejected we conclude that the fitted model is adequate.
Forecasting Using our seasonal MA(1) model, we forcast values 12 periods into the future and compute 90 % confidence limits.
Lower Upper
Period Limit Forecast Limit
------ -------- -------- --------
145 424.0234 450.7261 478.4649
146 396.7861 426.0042 456.7577
147 442.5731 479.3298 518.4399
148 451.3902 492.7365 537.1454
149 463.3034 509.3982 559.3245
150 527.3754 583.7383 645.2544
151 601.9371 670.4625 745.7830
152 595.7602 667.5274 746.9323
153 495.7137 558.5657 628.5389
154 439.1900 497.5430 562.8899
155 377.7598 430.1618 489.1730
156 417.3149 477.5643 545.7760
All the anlayses in this page can be generated using R code. | 2017-10-18T16:53:29 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 2, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8967804908752441, "perplexity": 2145.9861782155544}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": false, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823016.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20171018161655-20171018181655-00409.warc.gz"} |
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Call number: 9783319446035:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: From QCD Flux Tubes to Gravitational S-matrix and Back Author(s): Victor Gorbenko Date: 2017 Size: 1 online resource (XII, 133 p. 32 illus., 24 illus. in color p.) Contents: Effective Field Theory for Relativistic Strings -- Worldsheet S-matrix -- Simplest Quantum Gravity -- Natural Tuning.-Flux Tube Spectrum from Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz ISBN: 9783319446035 Series: eBooks Series: Springer eBooks Series: Springer 2017 package Keywords: Physics , Quantum field theory , String theory , Gravitation , Cosmology , Physics , Quantum Field Theories, String Theory , Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory , Cosmology Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE
Call number: 9781608071302:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: Microwave network design using the scattering matrix Author(s): Januasz A. Dobrowolski Date: 2010 Edition: Artech House microwave library Publisher: Artech House Size: 1 online resource (269 p.) Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory of uniform waveguides -- 3. Theory of transmission lines -- 4. Wave variables and the scattering matrix -- 5. Signal analysis of multiport networks -- 6. Mode wave variables and mixed mode scattering matrix of differenti al networks -- 7. Noise wave variables and the scattering matrix -- 8. Noise analysis of multiport networks -- 9. Scattering functions in nonlinear modeling of microwave devices. ISBN: 9781608071296 Keywords: Microwave circuits. , Microwave communication systems. , S-matrix theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE
Call number: TK7876.D638::2016 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Scattering parameters in RF and microwave circuit analysis and design Author(s): Janusz A. Dobrowolski Date: 2016 Publisher: Artech House Size: 402 p Contents: Introduction -- Theory of uniform waveguides -- Theory of transmission lines -- Wave variables and the scattering matrix -- Signal analysis of multiport networks -- Mode wave variables and mixed-mode scattering matrix of differential networks -- Sig nal analysis of differential multiport networks -- Noise wave variables and the scattering matrix -- Noise analysis of multiport networks -- Differential- and common-mode waves and correlation matrices -- Noise analysis of differential netowrks -- Scatter ing functions in nonlinear modeling microwave devices ISBN: 9781630810931 Keywords: Microwave circuits , Microwave communication systems , S-matrix theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Location: MAIN
Call number: SPRINGER-1981-9783709186428:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: New Developments in Mathematical Physics Author(s): Date: 1981 Size: 1 online resource (706 p.) Note: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8642-8 Contents: Foreword -- Lectures -- Classical Scattering Theory -- Geometric Methods in Scattering Theory -- Three-Body Coulomb Scattering -- Inverse Spectral and Scattering Theory -- Time Delay of Quantum Scattering Processes -- Finiteness of Total Cross-Sections -- Analyticity Properties of the S-Matrix: Historical Survey and Recent Results in S-Matrix Theory and Axiomatic Field Theory -- Scattering in Quantum Field Theory: The M.P.S.A. Approach in Complex Momentum Space -- Geometrical Aspects of Gauge Configurations -- A Brief Introduction to the Geometry of Gauge Fields -- The Geometry of Symmetry Breakingin Gauge Theories -- Geometric Aspects of Quantized Gauge Theories -- Recent Developments in Finite Energy (Topological) Monopole Theory -- Seminars -- On the Universal Low Energy Limit in Nonrelativistic Scattering Theory -- On Classical Time Delay -- A Finite-Energy SU(3) Solution Which Does not Satisfy the Bogomolny Equations -- $$\rm {\tilde S}O_0$$ (3.2)-Invariant Scattering of Dirac Singletons -- Generating Multimonopoles by Soliton Theoretic Method -- Remarks on Lattice Gauge Models -- The Klein-Kaluza Theory with a Torsion -- Attempts at a Geometrical Understanding of Higgs Fields -- Monopoles in SU2-Yang-Milis Theory -- Extended Kaluza-Klein Unified Gauge Theories -- Rigorous Estimates of the Elastic e¯ (µ¯p) Scattering Amplitude -- On the Relation Between Bare and Dressed Charge in QED -- Decomposition of the Coherence Relation in C*-Algebraic Many Body Physics -- Optical Theorem for Three-Three Scattering -- On the Determination of tN Phase Shifts from Isospin Constraints and Fixed t Analyticity ISBN: 9783709186428 Series: eBooks Series: SpringerLink (Online service) Series: Springer eBooks Series: Acta Physica Austriaca, Supplementum XXIII Proceedings of the XX. Internationale Universitätswochen für Kernphysik 1981 der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz at Schladming (Steiermark, Austria), February 17—26, 1981: 23/1981 Keywords: Physics , Physics , Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE
Call number: SPRINGER-1978-9783540357605:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: Few Body Systems and Nuclear Forces I 8. International Conference Held in Graz, August 24–30, 1978 Author(s): Date: 1978 Size: 1 online resource (442 p.) Note: 10.1007/3-540-08917-9 Contents: Neutron-proton charge exchange scattering between 200 and 600 MeV -- n-p Charge exchange scattering from 150 TO 800 MeV -- Nucleon-nucleon scattering in a non-Abelian gauge theory -- Coupled channel effects on nucleon-nucleon phase shifts and resonances -- Nucleon-nucleon potential from Regge-Pole theory in momentum space -- N-N potential from Regge-Pole theory -- On the potential reconciliation of the n-p 3S1-3D1 and 3D2 phase parameters and the quadrupole moment of the deuteron -- Role of non-iterative diagrams in nn-scattering -- Correlations between potentials and observables in the nn interaction -- Particle mixing and charge asymmetric an forces -- Treatment of divergent expansions in scattering theory -- Measurements on bound antinucleon-nucleon systems -- Nonperturbative calculation of nucleon-antinucleon annihilation diagrams in a simple model -- Investigation of the A.N interaction in the deuteron -- Investigation of the ?NN, ??N and ??? formfactor -- Light front field theory treatment of the 2n problem -- Unity of relativistic corrections and meson exchange currents -- Nucleon — Nucleon phase shifts calculated using the Blankenbecler — Sugar equation -- Quasi-elastic electron scattering and the momentum distribution of the deuteron -- Neutron-proton capture total cross section between 38 and 73 MeV -- The neutron electric form factor and quasi-elastic electron-deuteron scattering -- The electron-deuteron tensor polarization and the short range behaviour of the deuteron wave function -- Deuteron formfactor calculations with the Bethe-Salpeter equation -- Relativistic calculation of the photon circular polarization in np??d process -- Thermal n-p radiative capture -- Special coherent states for ?-n scattering -- On the field-theoretic approach to low-energy ?-N interaction -- S-wave pion-nucleon phase shifts in Padé approximation -- Some considerations of the nucleon as a bound triquark -- Multiquark dibaryon resonances -- High energy p-p elastic scattering and constituent multiple scattering model -- A new stable dibaryon -- Proton-proton bremsstrahlung -- Proton-proton bremsstrahlung with polarized protons -- Isobar excitation in proton-proton bremsstrahlung -- Criteria for the choice of p-p bremsstrahlung experiments -- The interference of initial and final state amplitudes in p-d bremsstrahlung near the break-up threshold -- Off-energy-shell continuation of the two-body T-matrix in the presence of resonances -- The coulomb contribution to proton-proton scattering phase shifts -- The Coulomb contribution to ?+-p phase shifts -- The one photon exchange potential in configuration space -- The Coulomb interference term in polarization analysis and the determination of the transition matrix -- Polarized proton-proton scattering at intermediate energies -- Polarization measurement in proton-proton scattering at 6.14 MeV -- Measurement of spin interactions in high Pt proton-proton elastic scattering -- Measurement of the component Ayy of the spin-correlation tensor for p-p elastic scattering at 10 MeV -- D,R,A and P for small angle p-p elastic scattering at 312,392 and 493 MeV -- NP triple scattering experiments and I=O NN phase shifts -- Status of n-p measurements and phase shift analyses near 50 MeV -- The production of pions by polarized protons incident on hydrogen and deuterium -- Quasi-elastic scattering of polarized protons -- The three-nucleon bound state computed with explicit ?(1236) components -- Solution of the bound trinucleon including the effects of the isobar ?(1236) -- Perturbation approach to the 3He bound state with the reid soft-core potential -- Three nucleon observables with meson theoretical interactions -- Charge-dependent three-body force with N*(1236) in the intermediate states -- The N-D and N-D* momentum distributions -- Electromagnetic structure of 3He and 4He at large momentum transfer -- S-matrix pole trajectories in the 3N-system -- Is there a three neutron resonance? -- Three-body reactions with charged particles -- Unexpected behavior of the cca transition operators under particle interchange -- Minimal relativistic dynamics of the 3? and ??N systems -- (n,d) elastic differential cross section at 2.48 and 3.28 MeV and related phase shift analyses -- Backward elastic nd-scattering in the energy range 350 – 550 MeV -- nd backward scattering from 200 to 800 MeV -- Quasi free scattering in the 2H(n, 2n)p reaction at En = 21. 5MeV -- A four-dimensional approach to the almost 4? H(d,2p)n data -- The D(p,2p)n reaction at 50 MeV -- What collinearity effect? -- A test on p1-n-p2 colinearity resonance of D(po,p1p2)n reaction at E0= 156 MeV -- Coulomb break-up of Deuteron by Muon and n-p off-energy-shell effects -- Detailed calculations of ?-d elastic scattering at medium energies -- Practical scheme for low energy ? - d scattering -- An important contribution to ?D scattering in the resonance region -- The NN? system--an effective 3-body problem with unusual disconnectedness structure -- Pion-deuteron optical potential -- Dibaryon resonances in ?NN and ??NN dynamics -- Elastic scattering differential cross-section of ?± on deuteron at 47 MeV -- Application of Faddeev equations to K? d??? Ap at low energy -- Exchange current effects in the reaction 3He(?,?+)3H -- Electromagnetic sum rules for light nuclei -- Practical calculations of P-D scattering -- Differential cross-sections for elastic p-d and n-d scattering at 10 MeV -- Investigation of the p-d elastic scattering with polarized protons and deuterons -- Measurement on T21 for proton-deuteron elastic scattering at ED 20 Mev -- On the asymptotic normalization of the deuteron D-state by p-d elastic scattering -- Proton-deuteron analyzing power at 14.1 MEV -- 1H( $$\vec n$$ ,n)1H and 2H( $$\vec n$$ ,n)2H at 14.2 MeV -- Analysing power measurements in deuteron-proton scattering from 5 to 13 MeV -- Backward angle p-d elastic scattering at 316 and 516 MeV -- Neutron analyzing power in the reaction $$\vec n$$ +d?n1+n2+p -- Vector analyzing power in final state interaction region for deuteron breakup reaction -- Solution of four-nucleon integral equations using the effective UPA -- The bound states of the two-, three- and four-nucleon systems and the nuclear force -- Energy-dependent pole approximations in the four-body equations -- Four-body calculation of 3He(p,p)3He and d(d,p)3H -- Four-body model of the four-nucleon system -- Study of few-nucleon systems by means of analytical continuation in core constant -- Analyzing power measurements for the 4-nucleon system below 6 MeV -- Comparison of the mirror reactions 2H(d,p)3H and 2H(d,n)3He -- Analyzing power for the elastic n-3He-scattering -- The low energy neutron scattering lengths of He3 and T and their relation to the four-body problem -- p+3He elastic scattering from 18 to 48 MeV -- Collinearity revisited in D(d,pd)n at 12.2 MeV -- The 2H(d,N) reaction: Measurement and theoretical analysis -- The 3He(p,pp)d*/3He(p,pp)d ratio at E = 136 MeV -- Photo-disintegration of the alpha particle -- The bound states of ? 4 He - ? 4 H -- Some phenomena near nuclear surface -- Exploration of a continuum ambiguity in the 3He(d,d)3He phase-shift analysis at 0.32 MeV -- The scattering of polarized deuterons on 3 He between 10 and 17 MeV -- The deuteron break-up induced by ?-particles -- Low-energy alpha-induced deuteron breakup studied with a six-detector system and a Faddeev analysis -- Investigation of resonances in d-? elastic scattering -- Three-body model of the deuteron breakup reaction by an ?-particle -- Three model approaches to the ?-d relative wave function in the 6Li nucleus -- ?+n+P??+n+P elastic scattering at very low energies -- 3He + 6Li elastic scattering at 27 MeV -- The 6Li(3He,3He)6Li and 6Li(3He,3H)6Be Reactions at 27 MeV -- Three trion breakup of 6Li + 3He at 132 MeV -- Three-alpha model calculations and the O2 + state of 12 C -- Three-body calculations for light nuclei using separable potentials -- A model three-particle system for studying limitations of the shell-model approach to nuclear reactions -- Effect of higher ordered terms in the cluster expansion of correlation function on the structure of light nuclei -- Nucleon spectral function in Li6 -- New-results in the search of high energy deuterons from the 3He + 3He reaction -- Interaction-time effects of quasifree processes -- Continuous particle spectra from ?-induced breakup of ?-particles at E? = 130 MeV -- Phase-space analysis of continuous spectra -- Four-body approach to ?(3He,3He)? and 6Li(p,p)6Li reactions -- Application of few-body methods to atomic and molecular structure -- Two Hilbert space scattering theory: Recent progress -- Relationships between different formulations of N-body scattering and origin of spurious solutions -- Spurious solutions in few-body equations -- Time delay in N-body scattering -- Derivation of an approximate three-body model of deuteron stripping from N-body scattering theory -- Time dependent approach to the collision of two charged composite particles -- Scattering amplitudes for two charged fragments -- On off-shell transformations and wave function formalisms in many-body scattering theories -- Hamiltonian formulation of N-body theories -- Quantal rules for non-Hermitian bound state formalisms based on N-body scattering theory -- Method of orthogonalized distorted waves in the many-body scattering theory -- Ghost states and pauli principle in many-body scattering -- The green function hierarchy and the three-body problem -- Examination of many-body resonances by means of analytical continuation of bound states -- Convergence of the distorted wave series -- On asymptotic completeness in scattering theory -- Multiparticle core in nuclei -- The two pion exchange three-nucleon potential and nuclear matter -- Charge asymmetry of nuclear forces and binding energies of heavy nuclei -- Solution of the inverse scattering problem in the finite-difference approximation ISBN: 9783540357605 Series: eBooks Series: SpringerLink (Online service) Series: Springer eBooks Series: Lecture Notes in Physics: 82 Keywords: Physics , Physics , Physics, general Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. 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Call number: SPRINGER-1976-9783709184738:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: Quantum Dynamics: Models and Mathematics Author(s): Date: 1976 Size: 1 online resource (240 p.) Note: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8473-8 Contents: Jordan Algebras Versus C* -Algebras -- Decomposition of Families of Unbounded Operators -- Structure of (real-time) P (?)2Green’s Functions -- Asymptotic Perturbation Expansion for the S-matrix in P (?)2 Quantum Field Theory Models -- Time Ordered Operator Products and the Scattering Matrix in P (?)2 Models -- Recent Progress on the Yukawa2 Quantum Field Theory -- The Cluster Expansion for Y2 -- External Field Dependence of Magnetization and Long Range Order in Quantum Field Theory -- Critical Exponents and Renormalization in the (?)4 Scaling Limit -- An Asymptotic Perturbation Expansion for Multiphase$$\varphi _2^4 \cdot \cdots 167$$ -- Renormalization Problem in Massless (?4)4+? Theory -- Challenging Problems in Singular Dynamical Systems -- Thermodynamic Limit of the Free Energy and Correlation Functions of Spin Systems -- The Lorenz Attractor and the Problem of Turbulence ISBN: 9783709184738 Series: eBooks Series: SpringerLink (Online service) Series: Springer eBooks Series: Acta Physica Austriaca, Proceedings of the Symposium “Quantum Dynamics: Models and Mathematics” at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld University, Federal Republic of Germany, September 8—12, 1975: 16/1976 Keywords: Physics , Physics , Physics, general Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE
Call number: QC794.8.S8L578 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Strongly interacting particles Author(s): Riccardo Levi Setti Thomas Lasinski Date: 1973 Publisher: University of Chicago Press: Chicago Size: 322 pgs. Contents: Part I: Strongly Interacting Particles Section A: Classification of Particles and Resonant States - 1. Generalities, 2. Introduction to Unitary Symmetries, 3. The Group SU(2), 4. Application of SU(2) to Elementary Particles, 5. The Group SU(3). 6. SU(3) as a Broken Symmetry, 7. Particle Reactions and Strong Decay Processes, 8. SU(3) Classification of Mesons and Baryons, 9. Quark Models and SU(6) Section B: Methods in the Study of Particles and Resonant States - 10. Analysis of Formation Experiments, 11. Scattering from Particles with Spin, 12. Low Energy Behaviour of Partial Waves, 13. Coupled Channels, 14. Resonant Behaviour of Partial Wave Amplitudes, 15. Further Topics in Scattering Theory: Unitarity from the 'S-Matrix' Point of View, 16. The K-Matrix, 17. The Reduced K-Matrix, 18. The K-Matrix and Resonances, 19. The Pion-Nucleon Interaction, Baryon Resonances with Zero Strangeness, 20. The K- Nucleon Interactions, Baryon Resonances with Strangeness -1, 21. Sequential Decay of Resonant States Part II: Introduction to High Energy Phenomenology Section A: Particle Exchange Processes - 22. Mandelstam Variables, 23. Regge Pole Phenomenology, 24. Regge Poles and Exchange Processes Section B: Connection between s- and t- Channel Phenomena - 25. Generalities, 26. Forward Dispersion Relations, 27. Odds and Ends of Dispersion Relation Phenomenology, 28. Finite Energy Sum Rules (FESR) ISBN: 9780226474441 Series: Chicago Lectures in Physics Keywords: Particles (Nuclear Physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Location: MAIN
Call number: QC794.6.S85P65::1998 Show nearby items on shelf Title: String theory Author(s): Joseph Gerard Polchinski Date: 1998 Publisher: Cambridge University PressA: Cambridge, UK Size: 2 volumes Contents: Volume 1: An Introduction to the Bosonic String - 1. A First Look at Strings, 2. Conformal Field Theory, 3. The Polyakov Path Integral, 4. The String Spectrum, 5. The String S-Matrix, 6. Tree Level Amplitudes, 7. One Loop Amplitudes, 8. Toroidal Compactification and T-Duality, 9. Higher Order Amplitudes, Appendix A: A Short Course on Path Integrals Volume 2: Superstring Theory and Beyond - 10. Type I and Type II Superstrings, 11. The Heterotic String, 12. Superstring Interactions, 13. D-Branes, 14. Strings at Strong Coupling, 15. Advanced CFT, 16. Orbifolds, 17. Calabi-Yau Compactification, 18. Physics in Four Dimensions, 19. Advanced Topics, Appendix B: Spinors and SUSY in Various Dimensions ISBN: 0521633036 Series: Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics Keywords: String Models , Superstring Theories Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC794.6.C6B37::2002 Show nearby items on shelf Title: High-Energy particle diffraction Author(s): Vincenzo Barone Enrico Predazzi Date: 2002 Publisher: Springer: New York Size: 407 pgs. Contents: 1. Introduction, 3. Preliminaries, 3. Kinematics, 4. The Relativistic S-Matrix, 5. Regge Theory, 6. Geometrical and S-Channel Models, 7. Soft Diffraction: A Phenomenological Survey, 8. The Pomeron in QCD, 9. Deep Inelastic Scattering, 10. Phenomenology of Hard Diffraction, 11. Hard Diffraction in QCD Appendices: A. Conventions, B. Mellin Transforms, C. QCD Formulas ISBN: 3540421076 Series: Texts and Monographs in Physics: v.565 Keywords: Deep inelastic collisions. , Deep Inelastic Collisions , Hadron Interactions , Particles (Nuclear Physics) - Diffraction Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC793.3.R4P66::2002 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Pomeron Physics and QCD Author(s): Sandy Donnachie Gunter Dosch Peter Landshoff Otto Nachtmann Date: 2002 Publisher: Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K Size: 347 pgs. Contents: 1. Properties of the S-Matrix 2. Regge Poles 3. Introduction to Soft Hadronic Processes 4. Duality 5. Photon-Induced Processes 6. QCD: Perturbative and Nonperturbative 7. Hard Processes 8. Soft Diffraction and Vacuum Structure 9. The Dipole Approach 10. Questions for the Future Appendieces: A. Sommerfeld-Watson Transform, B. The Group SU(3), C. Feynman Rules of QCD, D. Pion-Nucleon Amplitudes, E. The Density Matrix of Vector Mesons ISBN: 0521675707 Series: Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, and Cosmology: 19 Keywords: Regge Theory , Pomerons , Quantum Chromodynamics Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC793.3.M36G46::1982 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Lie algebras in particle physics : from isospin to unified theories Author(s): Howard Georgi Date: 1982 Publisher: Reading, Mass. : Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program Size: 255 p ISBN: 9780805331530 Keywords: Lie algebras , Particles (Nuclear physics) , S-matrix theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Location: MAIN
Call number: QC793.3.M36G32 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Lie Algebras in particle physics: From Isospin to unified theories Author(s): Howard Georgi Date: 1982 Publisher: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program: Reading, Mass Size: 255 pgs. Note: Introduction by Sheldon L. Glashow Contents: 1. Groups and Representations, 2. Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, 3. SU(2), 4. Tensor Operators and the wigner-Eckart Theorem, 5. Isospin, 6. Roots and Weights, 7. SU(3), 8. Simple Roots, 9. More SU(3), 10. Tensor Methods, 11. Hypercharge and Strangeness, 12. Young Tableaux, 13. SU(N), 14. The Three Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator, 15. SU(6) and the Quark Model, 16. Color, 17. Hadron Masses and Heavy Quqarks, 18. Unified Theories and SU(5), 19. The Classical Groups, 20. The Classification Theorem, 21. S0(2n+1) and Spinors, 22. S0(2n+2), 23. SU(n) [ S0(2n) and Clifford Algebras, 24. S0(10), 25. Automorphisms, 26. Sp(2N), 27. Lie Algebras in Particle Phyiscs ISBN: 0805331530 Series: Frontiers in physics: v.54 Keywords: Lie Algebras , Particle (Nuclear Physics) , S-Matrix Theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC793.3.F5B34::1993 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Introduction to Gauge field theory Author(s): David Bailin Alexander Love Date: 1993 Edition: Rev. ed. Publisher: Institute of Physics Pub: Philadelphia Size: 364 pgs. Contents: 1. Path Integrals, 2. Path Integrals in Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, 3. Classical Field Theory, 4. Quantum Field Theory of a Scalar Field, 5. Scattering Amplitudes, 6. Feynman Rules for Lambda Rho 4 Theory, 7. Renormalisation of Lambda Rho 4 Theory, 8. Quantum Field Theory with Fermions, 9. Gauge Field Theories, 10. Feynman Rules for Quantum Chromodynamics and Quantum Electrodynamics, 11. Renormalisation of QCD and QED at One-Loop Order, 12. QCD and Asymptotic Freedom, 13. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, 14. Feynman Rules for Electroweak Theory, 15. Renormalisation of Electroweak Theory, 16. Grand Unified Theory, 17. Field Theories at Finite Temperature Appendices: A: Feynman Integrals in 2-Dimensional Space, B. S-Matrix Elements are Independent of XI, C. Vector-Vector-Scalar-Scalar Verices, D Vertice Involving Four Scalars, E. SU(5) Lambda Matrices, FF. Matsubara Frequency Sums ISBN: 0852748175 Series: Graduate student series in physics Keywords: Gauge fields (Physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC793.3.F5B156 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Introduction to gauge field theory Author(s): David Bailin Alexander Love Date: 1986 Publisher: Adam Hilger: Boston Size: 348 pgs. Contents: 1. Path Integrals, 2. Path Integrals in Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, 3. Classical Field Theory, 4. Quantum Field Theory of a Scalar Field, 5. Scattering Amplitudes, 6. Feynman Rules for Lambda Rho 4 Theory, 7. Renormalisation of Lambda Rho 4 Theory, 8. Quantum Field Theory with Fermions, 9. Gauge Field Theories, 10. Feynman Rules for Quantum Chromodynamics and Quantum Electrodynamics, 11. Renormalisation of QCD and QED at One-Loop Order, 12. QCD and Asymptotic Freedom, 13. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, 14. Feynman Rules for Electroweak Theory, 15. Renormalisation of Electroweak Theory, 16. Grand Unified Theory, 17. Field Theories at Finite Temperature Appendices: A: Feynman Integrals in 2-Dimensional Space, B. S-Matrix Elements are Independent of XI, C. Vector-Vector-Scalar-Scalar Verices, D Vertice Involving Four Scalars, E. SU(5) Lambda Matrices, FF. Matsubara Frequency Sums ISBN: 0852748175 Series: Graduate student series in physics Keywords: Gauge fields (Physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC721.N487 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The Complex j-plane: Complex angular momentum in non-relativistic quantum scattering theory Author(s): Roger G. Newton Date: 1964 Publisher: W.A. Benjamin: New York Size: 235 pgs. Contents: 1. Introduction, 2. The Watson Transform, 3. The Irregualr Solution, 4. The Regualr Solutions Phi, 5. The Jost Function and the S-Matrix, 6. Behavior as /Iota/->Omicron Omicron, 7. regge Poles, 8. Pole Trajectories, 9. Threshold Behavior, 10. The Residues, 11. Representations of the s-Matrix, 12. Examples, 13. Exchange Potentials, 14. Trajectories in the K-Plane, 15. The Uniqueness Problem, 16. Two Particles of Spin-1/2, 17. The Three-Body problem, 18. The Three-Body problem (continued): The Dynamical Branch Points Appendices: A. Bounds on the Green's Functions, B. Limitations on the Phase-Shift Derivative, C. Limitations on the Angular Momentum Matrix Elements of Potentials of the Yukawa Type Series: The Mathematical physics monograph series: v.4 Keywords: Scattering (Physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC721.M896::1965 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The Physics of elementary particles Author(s): Hugh Muirhead Date: 1965 Publisher: Pergamon Press: New York Size: 737 pgs. Contents: 1. The Discovery and Classification of the Elementary Particles, 2. The Intrinsic Properties of the Particles, 3. Preliminaries to a Quantised Field Theory, 4. The Quantum Thoery of Non-Interacting Fields, 5. The Symmetry Properties of Free Fields, 6. The Interaction of Fields I: Wave Functions, Phase Shifts and Potentials, 7. The Interaction of Fields II: The S-Matrix, 8. The Interaction of Fields III: Specific Formns for the S-Matrix, 9. The Interaction of Fields IV: The Invariance Properties of Interacting Systems, 10. The Interaction of Fields V: Dispersion Relations and Related Topics, 11. Electromagnetic Interactions, 12. The Weak Interactions, 13. Strong Interactions I: Resonances and Strange Particles, 14. Strong Interactions II: Reactions Appendices: 1. Notation, 2. Units, 3. Matrices, 4. Tensors, 5. Matrices, 6. Functions, 7. Spherical Functions, 8. coordinate Systems, 9. Data Keywords: Particles (Nuclear physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC721.M363 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Elementary particle theory Author(s): Alan Douglas Martin T.D. Spearman Date: 1970 Publisher: North-Holland Pub. Co: Amsterdam Size: 527 pgs. Contents: 1. The Elementary Particles and Their Interactions, 2. Quantum mechanics and Invariance Principles, 3. Invariance Under the AInhomogeneous Lorentz Group, 4. Representations of the Restricted Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group, 4. The S-Matrix and the KIinematics of Scattering, 5. Other Symmetry principles, 6. Analytic Properites of Scattering Amplitudes, 7. Crossing and Analyticity Properties of helicity Amplitudes, 8. Partial Wave Amplitudes, 9. Regge Poles Appendices: A. The Three-Dimensional Rotation Group, B. Unitary and Antiunitary Transformation, C. Generators of the Lorentz Group, D. The Dirac Delta Function ISBN: 0720401577 Keywords: Particles (Nuclear physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC721.L974 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Particles and fields. Author(s): David Lurie Date: 1968 Publisher: Interscience Publishers: New York Size: 506 pgs. Contents: 1. Relativistic One-particle Equations, 2. Lagrangian Field Theory, 3. Quantum Fields, 4. quantization of Spin 1 and Spin 3/2 Fields, 5. Interacting Quantum Fields, 6. Perturbation Theory, 7. Vacuum Expectation Values and the S-Matrix, 8. Currents, Coupling Constants, and Sum Rules, 9. Bound States, 10. The Functional Method ISBN: 0470556420 Keywords: Particles (Nuclear physics) , Quantum field theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC721.G212 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Elementary particle physics. Author(s): Stephen Gasiorowicz Date: 1966 Publisher: John Wiley and Sons: New York Size: 613 pgs Contents: Part I: Introduction to Quantum Field Theory - 1. The Scalar Field, 2. The Dirac Field, 3. Vector Mesons and Photons, 4. Lorentz Invariance and Spin, 5. Fields in Interaction, 6. The Scattering Matrix, 7. Reduciton Formulas, 8. Perturbation Theory, 9. The Feynman Graph Rules Part II: Topics in Quantum Electrodynamics - 10. The Compton Effect and Related Processes, 11. The Scattering of Electrons and Positrons, 12. Bremsstrahlung and Related Processes, 13. Higher Order Terms in Perturbation Theory Part III: The Strong Interactions - 14. The Baryons, 15. The Pseudoscalar Mesons, 16. Charge Independence and Strangeness, 17. Unitary Symmetry, 18. The Eighfold Way, 19. Baryon Resonances, 20. Boson Resonances, 21. Properties of S-Matrix Elements I.: Unitarity, 22. Properties of S-Matrix Elements II.: Analyticity, 23. Pion-Nucleon Scattering and the Forward Scattering Dispersion Relations, 24. Properties of Partial Wave Amplitudes, 24. The Dynamical Origin of Resonances, 26. form Factors, 27. One-Particle Exchange Mechanism, 28. Elastic Scattering at High Energies Part IV: The Weak Interactions - 29. Classical Theory of Beta Decay, 30. Partity, Charge Conjugation and Time Reversal, and Tests for their Validity, 31. The Form of the Beta Interaction, 32. Weak Interactions of Strange Particles I. Selection Rules and Symmetries, and the Properties of Neutral K-Mesons in Decay, 33. Weak Interactions of Strange Particles II. Nonleptonic and Leptonic Decays, 34. Donserved and Partially Conserved Currents Keywords: Particles (Nuclear physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC680.J321::1975 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The theory of photons and electrons : the relativistic quantum field theory of charged particles with spin one-half Author(s): Josef Maria Jauch 1914-1974 F. Rohrlich Date: 1976 Edition: 2d expanded ed. Publisher: Springer-Verlag, New York Size: 553 pgs. Contents: 1. General Principles, 2. The Radiation Field, 3. Relativistic Theory of Free Electrons 4. Interaction of Radiation with Electrons, 5. Invarance Properties of the Coupled Fields, 5. Invariance Properties of the Coupled Fields, 6. Subsidiary Condition and Longitudinal Field, 7. the S-Matrix, 8. Evaluton of the S-Martirix, 9. The Divergences in the Iteration Solution, 10. Renomalization, 11. The Photon-Electron System, 12. The Electron-Electron System, 13. The Photon-Photon System, 14. Theory of the External Fields, 15. External Field Problems, 16. Special Problems Mathematical Appendices: I. The Invariant Functions, II. The Gamma-Matrices, III. A Theorem on the Representation of the Extended Lorentz Group by Irreducible Tensors, IV. The Ordering Theorem, V. On the Evaluation of Certain Integrals, VI. A Limiting Relation for the Delta Function, VII. The Method of Analytic Continuation Supplements: S1. Formulations of Quantum Electrogynamics, S2. Renomalization, S3. Coherent States, S4. Infrared Divergences, S5. Predictions and Precision Experiments ISBN: 0387072950 Series: Texts and monographs in physics v. 11 Keywords: Quantum electrodynamics. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.5.SQ58 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Complex angular momenta and particle physics: a lecture note and reprint volume. Author(s): Euan J. Squires 1933- Date: 1963 Publisher: W.A. Benjamin, New York Size: 161 pgs. Contents: 1. General Theory, 2. Potential Scattering, 3. Relativistic S-Matrix Theory, 4. Application and Experimental Evidence, 5. Miscellany Series: Frontiers in physics: a lecture note and reprint series v. 13 Keywords: Angular momentum (Nuclear physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.5.OM5 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Mandelstam theory and Regge poles: An introduction for experimentalists Author(s): Roland Omnes M. Froissart Date: 1963 Publisher: W.A. Benjamin, New York Size: 123 pgs. Contents: 1. Nonrelativistic Scattering Theory, 2. Properties of Partial Waves, 3. Analytic Properties in Energy and Momentum Transfer, 4. Introduction of Complex Angular Momenta, 5. Kinematics of Relativistic Scattering - Crossing, Relativistic Scattering Theory 'A la Mandelstam', 7. Relativistic Regge Poles, 8. Comparsion with Experiment Series: Frontiers in physics: a lecture note and reprint series v. 36 Keywords: S-matrix theory. , Regge Trajectories Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.5.F867 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Regge poles and S-matrix theory. Author(s): Steven C. Frautschi 1933- Date: 1963 Publisher: W.A. Benjamin, New York Size: 200 pgs. Contents: 1. Introduction, 2. Effective Range Theory of S-Wave Scattering, and the N/D Method, 3. The Ambiguity of Castillejo, Dalitz, and Dyson, and Levinson's Theorem, 4. The Mandelstam Representation for Non-Relativistic Potential Scattering, 5. Mandelstam Representation for Relativistic Scattering, 6. The Generalized Potential, 7. Approximations to the Mandelstam Representation: Polology and Nearby Cuts, 8. The Strip Approximation, 9. Asymptotic Behavior of Amplitudes, 10. Regge Poles in Non-Relativistic Scattering, 11. Regge Poles of the Coulomb Scattering Amplitude, 12. More About Regge Poles, 13. Regge Poles in Relativistic Scattering, 14. Some Experimental Results at High Energies, 15. Regge Poles and High Energy Experiments, 16. Are All Strongly Interacting Particles Composite?, Addendum I: The Khuri-Jones Threshold Factor, Addendum II: The Possiblity of Regge Cuts Series: Frontiers in physics: a lecture note and reprint series no. 519 Keywords: S-matrix theory. , Regge Trajectories Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.5.E28 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The Analytic S-matrix Author(s): Richard John Eden P.V. Landshoff D.I. Olive J.C. Polkinghorne Date: 1966 Publisher: Cambridge U.P, Cambridge Size: 287 pgs. Contents: 1. Introduction, 2. Analytic Properties of Perturbation Theory, 3. Asymptotic Behaviour, 4. S-matrix Theory Keywords: S-matrix theory. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.5.B288 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The theory of the scattering matrix for the interactions of fundamental particles Author(s): Asim Orhan Barut 1926- Date: 1967 Publisher: Macmillan, New York Size: 350 pgs. Contents: 1. Kinematical Principles of Quantum Theory in Terms of the S-Matrix, 2. Invariance Principles, 3. Transition Probability, Phase Space, and Unitarity, 4. Construction of Covariant Scattering Amplitudes, 5. Discrete Symmetry Transformations and Analytic Continuation, 6. Scalar Amplitudes and Invariant Momentum Products, 7. Analytic Continuation and the Singularities of the S-Matrix, 8. Approximate Determination of the Amplitude from Unitarity and Cauchy Relations, 9. Asymptotic Properties and Bounds of the Amplitudes and Cross Sections, 10. How to assign Quantum Numbers to Particles, 11, Pion-Pion scattering, 12. pi N -> pi N and pi pi -> N anti N Scattering, 13. electromagnetic Interactions, 14. On Graviatiational Interactions Appendices: 1. Empirical Properties of Particles and Resonances, 2. The Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group (Poincare Group), 3. Representations of the Restricted Lorentz Group and the Rotation Group by 2x2 Unimodualr and Unitary-Unimodular Groups, 4. Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients, 5. Connection Between Two and Four-Component Form of the Amplitudes, 6. Funcitons of One Complex Variable, 7. Necessary Conditions for the Singularities of Complex Integral Transforms, 8. Legendre Functions P v(Z) and Q v(Z): Hypergeometric Function F(a,b: c,z), 9. Some Important Properties of Analytic Functions of Several Complex Variables Keywords: S-matrix theory. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45::2005 Show nearby items on shelf Title: A first book of quantum field theory Author(s): Amitabha Lahiri Date: 2005 Edition: 2nd ed. Publisher: Harrow : Alpha Science International Size: 380 p Contents: 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Classical field theory -- 3. Quantization of scalar fields -- 4. Quantization of Dirac fields -- 5. The S-matrix expansion -- 6. From Wick expansion to Feynman diagrams -- 7. Cross sections and decay rates -- 8. Quantization o f the electromagnetic field -- 9. Quantum electrodynamics -- 10. P, T, C and their combinations -- 11. Electromagnetic form factors -- 12. Renormalization -- 13. Symmetries and symmetry breaking -- 14. Yang-Mills theory of non-Abelian gauge fields -- 15. Standard electroweak theory -- A. Useful formulas -- B. Answers to selected exercises. ISBN: 9781842652497 Keywords: Quantum field theory. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.S329::2014 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Quantum field theory and the standard model Author(s): Matthew Dean Schwartz Date: 2014 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Size: 850 p Contents: Part I. Field Theory: 1. Microscopic theory of radiation, 2. Lorentz invariance and second quantization, 3. Classical Field Theory, 4. Old-fashioned perturbation theory, 5. Cross sections and decay rates, 6. The S-matrix and time-ordered products, 7. Feynman rules Part II. Quantum Electrodynamics: 8. Spin 1 and gauge invariance, 9. Scalar QED, 10. Spinors, 11. Spinor solutions and CPT, 12. Spin and statistics, 13. Quantum electrodynamics, 14. Path integrals Part III. Renormalization: 15. The Casimir effect 16. Vacuum polarization, 17. The anomalous magnetic moment, 18. Mass renormalization, 19. Renormalized perturbation theory, 20. Infrared divergences, 21. Renormalizability, 22. Non-renormalizable theor ies, 23. The renormalization group, 24. Implications of Unitarity Part IV. The Standard Model: 25. Yang-Mills theory, 26. Quantum Yang-Mills theory, 27. Gluon scattering and the spinor-helicity formalism, 28. Spontaneous symmetry breaking, 29. Weak interactions, 30. Anomalies, 31. Precision tests of the standard mod el, 32. QCD and the parton model Part V. Advanced Topics: 33. Effective actions and Schwinger proper time, 34. Background fields, 35. Heavy-quark physics, 36. Jets and effective field theory ISBN: 9781107034730 Keywords: Quantum field theory Textbooks. , Particles (Nuclear physics) Textbooks. , SCIENCE / Mathematical Physics Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.M32::1993 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Quantum field theory Author(s): Franz Mandl 1923- G.(Graham) KEYWORD = Quantum field theory. Shaw Date: 1993 Edition: Rev. ed. Publisher: J. Wiley, Chichester Size: 358 pgs. Contents: 1. Photons and the Electromagnetic Field -- 2. Lagrangian Field Theory -- 3. The Klein-Gordon Field -- 4. The Dirac Field -- 5. Photons: Covariant Theory -- 6. The S-Matrix Expansion -- 7. Feynman Diagrams and Rules in QED -- 8. QED Processes in Lowest Order -- 9. Radiative Corrections -- 10. Regularization -- 11. Weak Interactions -- 12. A Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions -- 13. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking -- 14. The Standard Electro-Weak Theory -- Appendix A The Dirac Equation -- Appendix B Feynman Rules and Formulae for Perturbation Theory ISBN: 0471941867 Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.M312::1959 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Introduction to Quantum Field Theory. Author(s): Franz Mandl 1923- Date: 1959 Publisher: Interscience Publishers, New York Size: 202 pgs. Contents: 1. the Many-particle Representation, 2. Classical Fields, 3. Field Operators, 4. Simple Examples, 5. The Interaction Picture, 6. Invariant lambda Functions, 7. Charges Mesons, 8. Fermions, 9. Photons I, 10. Photons II, 11. Interactions, 12. The Scattering Matrix, 13. The S-Matrix Expansion, 14. Feynman Graphs, 15. Compton Scattering, 16. Coulomb Scattering, 17. Radiative Corrections, 18. The Fermion Self-Energy, 19. Vacuum Polarization, 20. The Vertex Modification, 21. The Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron, 22. Renormalizaiton Keywords: Quantum Field Theory. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.L36::2014 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Quantum field theory for the gifted amateur Author(s): Tom Lancaster Stephen Blundell Date: 2014 Publisher: Oxford: Oxford University Press Size: 485 p. Contents: Lagrangians -- Simple harmonic oscillators -- Occupation number representation -- Making second quantization work -- Continuous systems -- A first stab at relativistic quantum mechanics -- Examples of Lagrangians, or how to write down a theory -- The passage of time -- Quantum mechanical transformations -- Symmetry -- Canonical quantization of fields -- Examples of canonical quantization -- Fields with many components and massive electromagnetism -- Gauge fields and gauge theory -- Discrete transform ations -- Propagators and Green's functions -- Propagators and fields -- The S-matrix -- Expanding the S-matrix-Feynman diagrams -- Scattering theory -- Statistical physics-a crash course -- The generating functional for fields -- Path integrals : I said to him, You're crazy -- Field integrals -- Statistical field theory -- Broken symmetry -- Coherent states -- Grassmann numbers-coherent states and the path integral for fermions -- Topological objects -- Topological field theory -- Renormalization, quasip articles and the Fermi surface -- Renormalization : the problem and its solution -- Renormalization in actioN- propagators and Feynman diagrams -- The renormalization group -- Ferromagnetism- a renormalization group tutorial -- The Dirac equation -- How t o transform a spinor -- The quantum Dirac field -- A rough guide to quantum electrodynamics -- QED scattering-three famous cross-sections -- The renormalization of QED and two great results -- Superfluids -- The many-body problem and the metal -- Supercon ductors -- The fractional quantum Hall fluid -- Non-abelian gauge theory -- The Weinberg-Salam model -- Majorana fermions -- Magnetic monopoles -- Instantons, tunnelling and the end of the world. ISBN: 9780199699339 Keywords: Quantum field theory Amateurs' manuals. , Quantum field theory Problems, exercises, etc. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.L34::2001 Show nearby items on shelf Title: A first book of quantum field theory Author(s): Amitabha Lahiri P.B.(Palash B.) Pal Date: 2001 Publisher: CRC Press, Boca Raton Size: 371 pgs. Contents: Preliminaries -- Classical field theory -- Quantization of scalar fields -- Quantization of Dirac fields -- The S-matrix expansion -- From Wick expansion to Feynman diagrams -- Cross sections and decay rates -- Quantization of the electromagnetic field -- Quantum electrodynamics -- P, T, C and their combinations -- Electromagnetic form factors -- Renormalization -- Symmetries and symmetry breaking -- Yang-Mills theory of non-Abelian gauge fields -- Standard electroweak theory -- Useful formulas ISBN: 0849309778 Keywords: Quantum field theory. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.K34::1993 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Quantum Field Theory : A Modern Introduction Author(s): Michio Kaku Date: 1993 Publisher: Oxford University Press, New York Size: 785 pgs. Contents: PART I: Quantum Fields and Renormalization 1. Why Quantum Field Theory? 2. Symmetries and Group Theory 3. Spin O and 1/2 Fields 4. Quantum Electrodynamics 5. Feynman Rules and LSZ Reduction 6. Scattering Processes and the S-Matrix 7. Renormalization PART II: Gauge Theory and the Standard Model 8. Path Integrals 9. Gauge Theory 10. The Weinberg-Salam Model 11. The Standard Model 12. Ward Identities, BRST, and Anomalies 13. Renormalization of Gauge Theories 14. QCD and the Renormalization Group PART III: Non-Perturbative Methods and Unification 15. Lattice Gauge Theory 16. Solitons, Monopoles, and Instantons 17. Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18. Grand Unified Theories 19. Quantum Gravity 20. Supersymmetry and Supergravity 21. Superstrings ISBN: 0195076524 Keywords: Quantum Field Theory. , Gauge Fields (Physics) , Standard Model (Nuclear Physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.D517 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Dynamical theory of groups and fields Author(s): Bryce Seligman DeWitt 1923- Date: 1965 Publisher: Gordon and Breach, New York Size: 248 pgs. Contents: 1. Fundamentals, 2. Small Disturbances, 3. Invariance Groups, 4. Measurement, 5. Measurement of Two Observables: The Uncertainty Principle, 6. Green's Functions, 7.Supplementary Conditions: Cauchy Data, Reciprocity Relations, 8. Poisson-Jacobi Identity, Invariance of the Poisson Bracket, Canonical Theory, 9. Asymptotic Invariants, 10. Field Quantization, Creation and Annihilation Operators, Positive-Definiteness of Hilbert Space, Electromagnetic and Gravitational Fields, Helicity, 11. Theory of Continuous Groups, 12. The Yang-Mills Group, 13. The General coordinate Transformation Group, 14. Metric and Spin, 15. Anticommuting fields, 16. Specific Lagrangians, 17. Bi-Tensors, Bi-Spinors, and Green's Functions, 18. Conservation Laws, 19. The Canonical Transformation Group, Time Reversal, 20. The Schwinger Variational Principle, 21. The S-Matrix, 22. The Quantum Action Functional, The 'Tree' Theorem, 23. External Field Problems, Lowest Order Radiative Corrections, 24. Renormalization, 25. Theory of Radiative Corrections for Non-Abelian Gauge Fields Series: Documents on modern physics v. 596 Keywords: Quantum field theory. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.D48::2003 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The global approach to quantum field theory Author(s): Bryce Seligman DeWitt Date: 2003 Publisher: Oxford University Press Size: 2 volumes Contents: VOLUME 1 I. Classical Dynamical Theory , 1. Fundamentals, 2. Dynamics and Invariance Transformations, 3. Small Disturbances and Green's Functions, 4. The Peierls Bracket, 5. Finite Disturbances. Tree Theorems. Asymptotic Fields, 6. Conservation Laws II. The Heuristic Road to Quantization. The Quantum Formalism and Its Interpretation, 7. Classical Theory of Measurement, 8. Quantum Theory of Measurement, 9. Interpretation of the Quantum Formalism I, 10. The Schwinger Variational Principle and the Feynman Functional Integral, 11. The Quantum Mechanics of Standard Canonical Systems, 12. Interpretation III. Evaluation and Approximation of Feynman Functional Integrals , 13. The Functional Integral for Standard Canonical Systems, 14. Approximation and Evaluation of the Path Integral, 15. The Nonrelativistic Particle in a Curved Space, 16. The Heat Kernel IV. Linear Systems, 17. Linear Boson Fields in Stationary Backgrounds, 18. Quantization of Linear Boson Fields, 19. Linear Fermion Fields. Stationary Backgrounds, 20. Quantization of Linear Fermion Fields, 21. Linear Fields in Nonstationary Backgrounds, 22. Linear (or Linearized) Fields Possessing Invariant Flows V. Nonlinear Fields , 23. The Effective Action, the S-matrix, and Slavnov-Taylor Identities, 24. Gauge Theories I. General Formalism, 25. Gauge Theories II. Background Field Methods. Scattering Theory, 26. Case-I Gauge Theory without Ghosts. Description of Cases II and III VOLUME 2 VI. Tools for Quantum Field Theory. Applications, 27. The Heat Kernel, 28. Vacuum Currents. Anomalies, 29. More Vacuum Phenomena, 30. Black Hole Vacua. Hawking Radiation, 31. The Closed-time-path or 'In-in' Formalism VII. Special Topics, 32. Euclideanization and Renormalization, 33. Canonical Transformations. Space Inversion and Time Reversal, 34. Quantum Electrodynamics, 35. The Yang-Mills and Gravitational Fields VIII. Examples. Simple Exercises in the Use of the Global Formalism, X0. The Nonrelativistic Particle in Flat Space, X1. A Simple Fermi System, X2. A Fermi doublet, X3. Fermi Multiplet, X4. The Fermi Oscillator, X5. The Bose Oscillator, X6. A Fourth-order System, X7. A Model for Ghosts, X8. Free Scalar Field in Flat Spacetime, X9. Massive Vector Field in Four-dimensional Flat Spacetime, X10. Massive Antisymmetric Tensor Field, X11. Massive Symmetric Tensor Field in Flat Spacetime, X12. Massive Spinor Field in Flat Spacetime, X13. Massive spin-3/2 Field in Flat Spacetime, X14. Electromagnetic Field in Flat Spacetime, X15. Massless Symmetric Tensor Field in Flat Spacetime, X16. Massless Spinor Field in Four-dimensional Flat Spacetime, X17. Massless Spin-3/2 Field in Four-dimensional Flat Spacetime, X18. Renormalization Group and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the lq[4 Mode 1, X19. The Relativistic Particle in Minkowski spacetime, X20. A Simple Soluble Nonlinear Model, X21. Quantum Mechanics on a Circle, X22. Quantum Mechanics on a Klein Bottle, X23. Ghosts for Ghosts, X24. Massless Antisymmetric Tensor Field Appendix A: Superanalysis, Appendix B: The Structure Functions to All Orders, Appendix C: The Case in Which OC is not Supersymmetric, Appendix D: Properties of Vilkovisky's Connection, Appendix E: Analytic Continuation in Dimension, Appendix F: Conformally Flat Spacetimes ISBN: 0198510934 Series: International series of monographs on physics 114 Keywords: Quantum Field Theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.C45::1966 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The Analytic S Matrix : A Basis for Nuclear Democracy Author(s): Geoffrey F. Chew Date: 1966 Publisher: New York, W.A. Benjamin Size: 103 pgs. Contents: 1. Analyticity as a Fundamental Principle in Physics, 2. General S-Matrix Principles, Excluding Unitary, 3. Unitarity and Discontinuities, 4. Maximal Analyticity of the first Degree: Landau Singularities, 5. The Four-Line Connected Part with One Channel Invariant Fixed, 6. Angular Momentum Decomposition, 7. Analytic Continuation in angular Momentum and Asymptotic Behavior, 8. Maximal Analyticity of the second Degree, Bootstrap Dynamics, 9. The Nonrelativistic Potential Scattering Model, 10. The Strip Model of the Four-Line Connected part, 11. Dynamical Equations for the Strip Model, 12. Regge Pole Approximation to the Strip, 13. The Nuclear Bootstrap: General Discussion, Continued, 14. Conclusion Keywords: S-matrix Theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.B634::1979 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Introduction to the theory of quantized fields Author(s): Nickolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov 1909- Dmitrii Vasil'evich. Shirkov Date: 1980 Edition: 3rd ed. [ 1st English ed.] Publisher: Wiley, New York Size: 620 pgs. Contents: 1. Classical Theory of free Fields, 2. Quantum Theory of Free Fields, 3. Singualr Functions and Regularization, 4. Scattering Matrix, 5. Removal of Divergences from the S-Matrix, 6. Applications of the General Theory of Removal of Divergences, 7. Schroedinger Equations and Dynamic Variables, 8. Method of Functional Averaging, 9. The Renormalization Group, 10. Dispersion Relations, Appendix I. Elements of Isospin Formalism, Appendix II. List of Singular Functions, Appendix III. List of Formulas for the Evaluation of Matrix Elements ISBN: 0471042234 Keywords: Quantum field theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.A18::2001 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Non-perturbative methods in 2 dimensional quantum field theory Author(s): Elcio Abdalla M.Cristina B. Abdalla Klaus D.(Klaus Dieter) Rothe Date: 2001 Edition: 2nd ed. Publisher: World Scientific, Singapore Size: 832 pgs. Contents: 1. Introduction, 2. Free Fields, 3. The Thirring Model, 4. Determinants and Heat Kernels, 5. Self-Interacting Fermionic Models, 6. Non-linear Models: Classical Aspects, Non-linear Models: Quantum Aspects, 8. Exact S-matrices of 2D Models, 9. The Wess-Zumino-Witten Theory, QED 2: Operator Approach, 11. Quantum Chromodynamics 12. QED 2: Functional Approach, 13. The Finite Temperature Schwinger Model, 14. Non-Abelian Chiral Gauge Theories, 15. Chiral Quantum Electrodynamcis 16. Conformally Invariant Field Theory, 17. Conformal Field Theory with Internal Symmetry, 18. 2D Gravity and String Related Topics Appendices: a. Notation (Minkowski Space), B. Notation (Euclidean Space), C. Further Conventions, D. Functional Bosonization of the Massive Thirring Model, E. Bosonization of the Fermionic Kinetic Term, F. Classical Integrability in the Massive Thirring Model, G. Quantum Non-Local Charge: Action on Asymptotic States, H. S-Matrices, I Complete S-Matrix of the Gross-Neveu Model, J. Poisson Brackets and Commutators, K. Chiral Bosons, L. Axial Anomaly from Dispersion Relations, M. Loop Expansion in QCD 2 ISBN: 9810245963 Keywords: Quantum Field Theory - Mathematical Models. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.45.A18::1991 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Non-perturbative methods in 2 dimensional quantum field theory Author(s): Elcio Abdalla M.Cristina B. Abdalla Klaus D.(Klaus Dieter) Rothe Date: 1991 Publisher: World Scientific, Singapore Size: 728 pgs. Contents: 1. Introduction, 2. Free Fields, 3. The Thirring Model, 4. Determinants and Heat Kernels, 5. Self-Interacting Fermionic Models, 6. Non-linear Models: Classical Aspects, Non-linear Models: Quantum Aspects, 8. Exact S-matrices of 2D Models, 9. The Wess-Zumino-Witten Theory, QED 2: Operator Approach, 11. Quantum Chromodynamics 12. QED 2: Functional Approach, 13. The Finite Temperature Schwinger Model, 14. Non-Abelian Chiral Gauge Theories, 15. Chiral Quantum Electrodynamcis 16. Conformally Invariant Field Theory, 17. Conformal Field Theory with Internal Symmetry, 18. 2D Gravity and String Related Topics Appendices: a. Notation (Minkowski Space), B. Notation (Euclidean Space), C. Further Conventions, D. Functional Bosonization of the Massive Thirring Model, E. Bosonization of the Fermionic Kinetic Term, F. Classical Integrability in the Massive Thirring Model, G. Quantum Non-Local Charge: Action on Asymptotic States, H. S-Matrices, I Complete S-Matrix of the Gross-Neveu Model, J. Poisson Brackets and Commutators, K. Chiral Bosons, L. Axial Anomaly from Dispersion Relations, M. Loop Expansion in QCD 2 ISBN: 9810204620 Keywords: Quantum Field Theory - Mathematical Models. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.3.C45::1962 Show nearby items on shelf Title: S-matrix theory of strong interactions : a lecture note and reprint volume Author(s): Geoffrey F. Chew Date: 1962 Edition: 2nd printing, with corrections. Publisher: W.A. Benjamin, New York Size: 182 pgs. Contents: 1. Historical Survey and General Outlook, 2. The Lorentz-Invariant Elastic Amplitude and the Substitution Law, 3. The Landau Rules and the Mandelstam Representation, 4. Cutkosky's Generalized Unitarity Relation, 5. Generalization to Include Charge and Spin, 7. The Two-Body Dynamical Equations: Definition of the Potential, 8. Evaluation of the Long-Range and Medium-Range Forces, 9. Single-Spectral Functions and Partial- Wave Amplitudes 10. Determination of Partial-Wave Amplitudes from Unphysical and Inelastic Discontinuities, 11. Arbitrary Parameters in the S Matrix, 12. Pion-Pion Scattering : General Formulation, 13. Asymptotic Behavior of Amplitudes: The Principle of Maximum Strength for Strong Interactions, 14. Pion-Pion Dynamics, 15. The Vertex Function of One Variable: Pion Electromagnetic Structure as an Example, 16. The Pion-Nucleon Interaction, 17. Electromagnetic Structure of the Nucleon, 18. Summary and Conclusion Series: Frontiers in Physics: A Lecture Note and Reprint Series v. 106, 107 Keywords: Matrix mechanics. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.24.R4W8::1991 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum fields Author(s): Ta-You. Wu W.- Y.P.(Pauchy) Hwang Date: 1991 Publisher: World Scientific, Singapore Size: 405 pgs. Contents: Part A.: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, 1. Introduction, 2. Dirac Theory for Free Electrons, 3. Helicity: Charge Conjugation, 4.Transformations of Dirac Equations, 5. Dirac Electron in an Electromagnetic Field, 5. Dirac Electron in an Electromagnetic Field Part B.: Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, 6. Classical Field Theory, 7. Many-Body Systems, 8. Quantization of Free Fields, 9. Quantum Electrodynamics I: S-Matrix Elements, 10. Quantum Electrodynamics II: Renormalization Part C. The Standard Model: Quantum Chromodynamics and Glashow-Salam-Weinberg Electroweak Theory, 11. Symmetries, Transformations, and Invariants, 12. Quantum Chromodynamics, 13. The Glashow-Salam-Weinberg Electroweak Theory, 14. Experimental Tests of the Standard Model ISBN: 9810206089 Keywords: Relativistic Quantum Theory , Quantum Field Theory , Quantum Electrodynamics , Quantum Chromodynamics Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.17.S9L67::1991 Show nearby items on shelf Title: An introduction to symmetry and supersymmetry in quantum field theory Author(s): Jan T. Lopuszanski Date: 1991 Publisher: World Scientific, Singapore Size: 373 pgs. Contents: 1. Introduction, 2. Example of a Classical and Quantum Scalar Free Field Theory, 3. Scene and Subject of the Drama Axioms 1 and 2, 4. Principle of Relativity, Causality, Axioms 3,4,and 5, 5. Irreducibility of the field Algebra and the Scattering Theory, 6. Preliminaries about Physical Symmetries, 7.Global Symmetries and Supersymmetries of the S-Matrix, 8. Representations of the super-Lie Algebra, 9. The Case of Massless Particles, 10. Concluding Remarks ISBN: 9971501600 Keywords: Symmetry (Physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.17.G68E25 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Green's functions in quantum physics Author(s): E.N. Economou 1940- (Virginia U.) Date: 1979 Publisher: Berlin , New York : Springer-Verlag Size: 251 pgs Contents: Part I : Green's Functions in Mathematical Physics, 1. Time-Independent Green's Functions, 2. Time-Dependent Green's Functions Part II: Green's Functions in One-Body Quantum Problems, 3. Physical Significance of G. Application to the Free-Particle 4. Green's Functions and Perturbation Theory 5. Green's Functions for Tight-Binding Hamiltonians 6. Single Impurity 7. Two or More Impurities: Disordered Systems 8. Electrical Conductivity and Green's Functions 9. Localization, Transport, and Green's Part III Green's Functions in Many-Body Systems, 10. Definitions, 11. Properties and Use of the Green's Functions, 12. Calculational Methods, 13. Applications, A. Dirac's delta Function, B. Dirac's bra and ket Notation, C. Solutions of Laplace and Helmholtz Equations, in Various Coordinate Systems, D. Analytic Behavior of G(z) Near a Band EdgeE Wannier Functions, F. Renormalized Perturbation Expansion (RPE), G. Boltzmann.s Equation, H. Transfer Matrix, S-Matrix, etc, I. Second Quantization ISBN: 0387091548 Series: Springer series in solid-state sciences v. 7 Keywords: Green's functions , Quantum theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC174.12.SQ58::1986 Show nearby items on shelf Title: The mystery of the quantum world Author(s): Euan J. Squires 1933- Date: 1986 Publisher: A. Hilger, Bristol Size: 170 pgs. Contents: 1. General Theory, 2. Potential Scattering, 3. Relativistic S-Matrix Theory, 4. Application and Experimental Evidence, 5. Miscellany ISBN: 0852745656 Keywords: Quantum theory. Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN
Call number: QC1.SP83:V53 Show nearby items on shelf Title: On the S-matrix theory of weak interactions / A. O. Barut. Weak interactions in nuclear physics / H. Primakoff. Weak interactions at high energies / G. V. Gehlen. Cabibbo angle and SUb2 sx SUb2 sbreaking Author(s): Asim Orhan Barut 1926- Date: 1970 Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Size: 106 Series: Springer tracts in modern physics: v. 53 Keywords: Weak interactions (Nuclear physics) Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. Location: MAIN | 2019-03-25T21:56:22 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5150730609893799, "perplexity": 7437.636373440675}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912204461.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20190325214331-20190326000331-00208.warc.gz"} |
https://pos.sissa.it/340/343/ | Volume 340 - The 39th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP2018) - Parallel: Quark and Lepton Flavor Physics
Charmless three-body $B$ meson decays at LHCb
D. O'hanlon* on behalf of the LHCb collaboration
*corresponding author
Full text: pdf
Published on: August 02, 2019
Abstract
Multi-body $b$-hadron decays to charmless final states, are a particularly interesting place to search for violation of $C\!P$ symmetry, due to the difference in weak and strong phases in competing decay amplitudes to many charmless final states. Furthermore, the weak phase accessible in certain loop-domiated $B_{(s)}^0 \rightarrow K_{\rm S}^0 h^+h^-$ decays is expected, in the Standard Model, to be similar to that of tree-dominated $b \rightarrow c\bar{c}s$ decays. Here measurements of the branching fractions of the $B_{(s)}^0 \rightarrow K_{\rm S}^0 h^+h^-$ decays are presented, which are the most precise measurements of these quantities to-date. Furthermore, an amplitude analysis of the $B^0 \rightarrow K_{\rm S}^0 \pi^+\pi^-$ decay is also presented, where $C\!P$ violation is observed in the $\overline{B}^0 \rightarrow K^{*}(892)^{-}\pi^{+}$ decay with a significance of approximately $6\sigma$.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.340.0343
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in "article" format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in "proceeding" format which is more detailed and complete.
Open Access
Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | 2020-08-11T19:50:03 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8120030760765076, "perplexity": 1851.1484559801409}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738819.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811180239-20200811210239-00060.warc.gz"} |
http://math.lanl.gov/Research/Publications/jiang-1998-cellular.shtml | T-5 HomeResearchPublications › jiang-1998-cellular
### Cite Details
Yi Jiang, Cellular Pattern Formation, PhD thesis, University of Notre Dame, 1998
### Abstract
This thesis studies the formation and evolution of cellular patterns in foams and living organisms using the extended large-$Q$ Potts model. Specific problems include grain growth, foam drainage, foam rheology, and patterning and cell sorting in the mound phase of the slime mode Dictyostelium discoideum.
In a wide range of cellular materials, surface-energy-driven diffusion leads to boundary motion which causes some grains to expend and others to shrink. Two-dimensional large-$Q$ Potts model simulation of the evolution of a disordered cluster developed from a hexagonal grain array with a defect shows that abnormal grain growth can occur without strong anisotropy of surface energy. The grains at the boundary of the disordered cluster reach a special scaling state with no scale change.
In three-dimensional liquid foams, drainage occurs due to gravity. Large-$Q$ Potts model simulations, extended to include gravity in three dimensions, agree with both experimental and analytical results for various kinds of foam drainage, and also predict new phenomena.
Foams exhibit a unique rheological transition from solid-like to fluid-like. Simulations using the large-$Q$ Potts model, extended to apply shear to a two-dimensional foam, show three different types of hysteresis in foam's stress-strain relationship, which correspond to the elastic, viscoelastic and viscous fluid properties. This wide-ranging mechanical response depends on the structure and dynamics of local topological rearrangement of foam cells.
Biological tissues resemble foams and the large-$Q$ Potts model can also simulate sorting in biological cell aggregates. In {\it Dictyostelium} mound, two types of cells are initially randomly distributed. In time, one cell type sorts to form a tip. Simulations show that both differential adhesion and chemotaxis are required for sorted tip formation. With only differential adhesion, no tip forms. With only chemotaxis, a tip forms containing both cell types. Thus simulations can provide a method to determine the processes necessary for biological patterning.
### BibTeX Entry
@phdthesis{jiang-1998-cellular,
author = {Yi Jiang},
title = {Cellular Pattern Formation},
year = {1998},
urlpdf = {http://math.lanl.gov/~yi/Papers/Jiangthesis.pdf},
school = {University of Notre Dame}
} | 2017-04-26T09:41:59 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.3936448097229004, "perplexity": 4636.161196100991}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121267.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00548-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://aperta.ulakbim.gov.tr/record/21731/export/csl | Dergi makalesi Açık Erişim
# Precipitation in the Anatolian Peninsula: sensitivity to increased SSTs in the surrounding seas
Bozkurt, Deniz; Sen, Omer Lutfi
### Citation Style Language JSON
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s00382-009-0651-3",
"abstract": "Effects of the increased sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the surrounding seas of the Anatolian Peninsula on the precipitation it receives are investigated through sensitivity simulations using a state-of-the-art regional climate model, RegCM3. The sensitivity simulations involve 2-K increases to the SSTs of the Aegean, eastern Mediterranean and Black seas individually as well as collectively. All the simulations are integrated over a 10-year period between 1990 and 2000. The model simulations of this study indicate that the precipitation of the peninsula is sensitive to the variations of the SSTs of the surrounding seas. In general, increased SSTs lead to increases in the precipitation of the peninsula as well as that of the seas considered. The statistically significant increases at 95% confidence levels largely occur along the coastal areas of the peninsula that are in the downwind side of the seas. Significant increases do also take place in the interior areas of the peninsula, especially in the eastern Anatolia in winter. The simulations reveal that eastern Mediterranean Sea has the biggest potential to affect the precipitation in the peninsula. They also demonstrate that taking all three seas into account simultaneously enhances the effect of SSTs on the peninsula's precipitation, and extends the areas with statistically significant increases.",
"author": [
{
"family": "Bozkurt",
"given": " Deniz"
},
{
"family": "Sen",
"given": " Omer Lutfi"
}
],
"container_title": "CLIMATE DYNAMICS",
"id": "21731",
"issue": "3-4",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2011,
1,
1
]
]
},
"page": "711-726",
"title": "Precipitation in the Anatolian Peninsula: sensitivity to increased SSTs in the surrounding seas",
"type": "article-journal",
"volume": "36"
}
13
3
görüntülenme
indirilme
Görüntülenme 13 İndirme 3 Veri hacmi 486 Bytes Tekil görüntülenme 12 Tekil indirme 3 | 2023-01-31T04:21:56 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5730704069137573, "perplexity": 9871.597045436878}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499842.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131023947-20230131053947-00085.warc.gz"} |
https://www.ctcms.nist.gov/fipy/documentation/design.html | Design and Implementation¶
The goal of FiPy is to provide a highly customizable, open source code for modeling problems involving coupled sets of PDEs. FiPy allows users to select and customize modules from within the framework. FiPy has been developed to address model problems in materials science such as poly-crystals, dendritic growth and electrochemical deposition. These applications all contain various combinations of PDEs with differing forms in conjunction with other unusual physics (over varying length scales) and unique solution procedures. The philosophy of FiPy is to enable customization while providing a library of efficient modules for common objects and data types.
Design¶
Numerical Approach¶
The solution algorithms given in the FiPy examples involve combining sets of PDEs while tracking an interface where the parameters of the problem change rapidly. The phase field method and the level set method are specialized techniques to handle the solution of PDEs in conjunction with a deforming interface. FiPy contains several examples of both methods.
FiPy uses the well-known Finite Volume Method (FVM) to reduce the model equations to a form tractable to linear solvers.
Object Oriented Structure¶
FiPy is programmed in an object-oriented manner. The benefit of object oriented programming mainly lies in encapsulation and inheritance. Encapsulation refers to the tight integration between certain pieces of data and methods that act on that data. Encapsulation allows parts of the code to be separated into clearly defined independent modules that can be re-applied or extended in new ways. Inheritance allows code to be reused, overridden, and new capabilities to be added without altering the original code. An object is treated by its users as an abstraction; the details of its implementation and behavior are internal.
Test Based Development¶
FiPy has been developed with a large number of test cases. These test cases are in two categories. The lower level tests operate on the core modules at the individual method level. The aim is that every method within the core installation has a test case. The high level test cases operate in conjunction with example solutions and serve to test global solution algorithms and the interaction of various modules.
With this two-tiered battery of tests, at any stage in code development, the test cases can be executed and errors can be identified. A comprehensive test base provides reassurance that any code breakages will be clearly demonstrated with a broken test case. A test base also aids dissemination of the code by providing simple examples and knowledge of whether the code is working on a particular computer environment.
Open Source¶
In recent years, there has been a movement to release software under open source and associated unrestricted licenses, especially within the scientific community. These licensing terms allow users to develop their own applications with complete access to the source code and then either contribute back to the main source repository or freely distribute their new adapted version.
As a product of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the FiPy framework is placed in the public domain as a matter of U. S. Federal law. Furthermore, FiPy is built upon existing open source tools. Others are free to use FiPy as they see fit and we welcome contributions to make FiPy better.
High-Level Scripting Language¶
Programming languages can be broadly lumped into two categories: compiled languages and interpreted (or scripting) languages. Compiled languages are converted from a human-readable text source file to a machine-readable binary application file by a sequence of operations generally referred to as “compiling” and “linking.” The binary application can then be run as many times as desired, but changes will provoke a new cycle of compiling and linking. Interpreted languages are converted from human-readable to machine-readable on the fly, each time the script is executed. Because the conversion happens every time 1, interpreted code is usually slower when running than compiled code. On the other hand, code development and debugging tends to be much easier and fluid when it’s not necessary to wait for compile and link cycles after every change. Furthermore, because the conversion happens in real time, it is possible to have interactive sessions in a scripting language that are not generally possible in compiled languages.
Another distinction, somewhat orthogonal, but closely related, to that between compiled and interpreted languages, is between low-level languages and high-level languages. Low-level languages describe actions in simple terms that are closer to the way the computer actually functions. High-level languages describe actions in more complex and abstract terms that are closer to the way the programmer thinks about the problem at hand. This increased complexity in the meaning of an expression renders simpler code, because the details of the implementation are hidden away in the language internals or in an external library. For example, a low-level matrix multiplication written in C might be rendered as
if (Acols != Brows)
error "these matrix shapes cannot be multiplied";
C = (float *) malloc(sizeof(float) * Bcols * Arows);
for (i = 0; i < Bcols; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < Arows; j++) {
C[i][j] = 0;
for (k = 0; k < Acols; k++) {
C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];
}
}
}
Note that the dimensions of the arrays must be supplied externally, as C provides no intrinsic mechanism for determining the shape of an array. An equivalent high-level construction might be as simple as
C = A * B
All of the error checking, dimension measuring, and space allocation is handled automatically by low-level code that is intrinsic to the high-level matrix multiplication operator. The high-level code “knows” that matrices are involved, how to get their shapes, and to interpret “*” as a matrix multiplier instead of an arithmetic one. All of this allows the programmer to think about the operation of interest and not worry about introducing bugs in low-level code that is not unique to their application.
Although it needn’t be true, for a variety of reasons, compiled languages tend to be low-level and interpreted languages tend to be high-level. Because low-level languages operate closer to the intrinsic “machine language” of the computer, they tend to be faster at running a given task than high-level languages, but programs written in them take longer to write and debug. Because running performance is a paramount concern, most scientific codes are written in low-level compiled languages like FORTRAN or C.
A rather common scenario in the development of scientific codes is that the first draft hard-codes all of the problem parameters. After a few (hundred) iterations of recompiling and relinking the application to explore changes to the parameters, code is added to read an input file containing a list of numbers. Eventually, the point is reached where it is impossible to remember which parameter comes in which order or what physical units are required, so code is added to, for example, interpret a line beginning with “#” as a comment. At this point, the scientist has begun developing a scripting language without even knowing it. Unfortunately for them, very few scientists have actually studied computer science or actually know anything about the design and implementation of script interpreters. Even if they have the expertise, the time spent developing such a language interpreter is time not spent actually doing research.
In contrast, a number of very powerful scripting languages, such as Tcl, Java, Python, Ruby, and even the venerable BASIC, have open source interpreters that can be embedded directly in an application, giving scientific codes immediate access to a high-level scripting language designed by someone who actually knew what they were doing.
We have chosen to go a step further and not just embed a full-fledged scripting language in the FiPy framework, but instead to design the framework from the ground up in a scripting language. While runtime performance is unquestionably important, many scientific codes are run relatively little, in proportion to the time spent developing them. If a code can be developed in a day instead of a month, it may not matter if it takes another day to run instead of an hour. Furthermore, there are a variety of mechanisms for diagnosing and optimizing those portions of a code that are actually time-critical, rather than attempting to optimize all of it by using a language that is more palatable to the computer than to the programmer. Thus FiPy, rather than taking the approach of writing the fast numerical code first and then dealing with the issue of user interaction, initially implements most modules in high-level scripting language and only translates to low-level compiled code those portions that prove inefficient 2.
Python Programming Language¶
Acknowledging that several scripting languages offer a number, if not all, of the features described above, we have selected Python for the implementation of FiPy. Python is
• an interpreted language that combines remarkable power with very clear syntax,
• freely usable and distributable, even for commercial use,
• fully object oriented,
• distributed with powerful automated testing tools (doctest, unittest),
• actively used and extended by other scientists and mathematicians (SciPy, NumPy, ScientificPython, Pysparse).
• easily integrated with low-level languages such as C (weave, blitz, PyRex).
Implementation¶
The Python classes that make up FiPy are described in detail in fipy Package Documentation, but we give a brief overview here. FiPy is based around three fundamental Python classes: Mesh, Variable, and Term. Using the terminology of Theoretical and Numerical Background:
A Mesh object
represents the domain of interest. FiPy contains many different specific mesh classes to describe different geometries.
A Variable object
represents a quantity or field that can change during the problem evolution. A particular type of Variable, called a CellVariable, represents at the centers of the cells of the Mesh. A CellVariable describes the values of the field , but it is not concerned with their geometry; that role is taken by the Mesh.
An important property of Variable objects is that they can describe dependency relationships, such that:
>>> a = Variable(value = 3)
>>> b = a * 4
does not assign the value 12 to b, but rather it assigns a multiplication operator object to b, which depends on the Variable object a:
>>> b
(Variable(value = 3) * 4)
>>> a.setValue(5)
>>> b
(Variable(value = 5) * 4)
The numerical value of the Variable is not calculated until it is needed (a process known as “lazy evaluation”):
>>> print b
20
A Term object
represents any of the terms in Equation (2) or any linear combination of such terms. Early in the development of FiPy, a distinction was made between Equation objects, which represented all of Equation (2), and Term objects, which represented the individual terms in that equation. The Equation object has since been eliminated as redundant. Term objects can be single entities such as a DiffusionTerm or a linear combination of other Term objects that build up to form an expression such as Equation (2).
Beyond these three fundamental classes of Mesh, Variable, and Term, FiPy is composed of a number of related classes.
Primary object relationships in FiPy.
A Mesh object is composed of cells. Each cell is defined by its bounding faces and each face is defined by its bounding vertices. A Term object encapsulates the contributions to the _SparseMatrix that defines the solution of an equation. BoundaryCondition objects are used to describe the conditions on the boundaries of the Mesh, and each Term interprets the BoundaryCondition objects as necessary to modify the _SparseMatrix. An equation constructed from Term objects can apply a unique Solver to invert its _SparseMatrix in the most expedient and stable fashion. At any point during the solution, a Viewer can be invoked to display the values of the solved Variable objects.
At this point, it will be useful to examine some of the example problems in Examples. More classes are introduced in the examples, along with illustrations of their instantiation and use.
Footnotes
1
… neglecting such common optimizations as byte-code interpreters.
2
A discussion of efficiency issues can be found in Efficiency.
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https://lammps.sandia.gov/doc/pair_coul_slater.html | # pair_style coul/slater/long command
## Syntax
pair_style coul/slater/cut lambda cutoff
pair_style coul/slater/long lambda cutoff
lambda = decay length of the charge (distance units) cutoff = cutoff (distance units)
## Examples
pair_style coul/slater/cut 1.0 3.5
pair_coeff * *
pair_coeff 2 2 2.5
pair_style coul/slater/long 1.0 12.0
pair_coeff * *
pair_coeff 1 1 5.0
## Description
Styles coul/slater compute electrostatic interactions in mesoscopic models which employ potentials without explicit excluded-volume interactions. The goal is to prevent artificial ionic pair formation by including a charge distribution in the Coulomb potential, following the formulation of (Melchor):
$E = \frac{Cq_iq_j}{\epsilon r} \left( 1- \left( 1 + \frac{r_{ij}}{\lambda} exp\left( -2r_{ij}/\lambda \right) \right) \right) \qquad r < r_c$
where $$r_c$$ is the cutoff distance and $$\lambda$$ is the decay length of the charge. C is the same Coulomb conversion factor as in the pair_styles coul/cut and coul/long. In this way the Coulomb interaction between ions is corrected at small distances r. For the coul/slater/cut style, the potential energy for distances larger than the cutoff is zero, while for the coul/slater/long, the long-range interactions are computed either by the Ewald or the PPPM technique.
Phenomena that can be captured at a mesoscopic level using this type of electrostatic interactions include the formation of polyelectrolyte-surfactant aggregates, charge stabilization of colloidal suspensions, and the formation of complexes driven by charged species in biological systems. (Vaiwala).
The cutoff distance is optional. If it is not used, the default global value specified in the pair_style command is used. For each pair of atom types, a specific cutoff distance can be defined via the pair_coeff command as in the example above, or in the data file or restart files read by the read_data or read_restart commands:
• $$r_c$$ (distance units)
The global decay length of the charge ($$\lambda$$) specified in the pair_style command is used for all pairs.
Mixing, shift, table, tail correction, restart, rRESPA info:
For atom type pairs I,J and I != J, the cutoff distance for the coul/slater styles can be mixed. The default mix value is geometric. See the “pair_modify” command for details.
The pair_modify shift and table options are not relevant for these pair styles.
These pair styles do not support the pair_modify tail option for adding long-range tail corrections to energy and pressure.
These pair styles write their information to binary restart files, so pair_style and pair_coeff commands do not need to be specified in an input script that reads a restart file.
This pair style can only be used via the pair keyword of the run_style respa command. It does not support the inner, middle, outer keywords.
## Restrictions
The coul/slater/long style requires the long-range solvers included in the KSPACE package.
These styles are part of the “USER-MISC” package. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the Build package doc page for more info. | 2020-07-12T19:27:16 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7040188908576965, "perplexity": 4172.649720269804}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657139167.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20200712175843-20200712205843-00277.warc.gz"} |
http://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess120_2013-2014/SJ14/20140305.htm | South Carolina General Assembly
120th Session, 2013-2014
Journal of the Senate
Wednesday, March 5, 2014
(Statewide Session)
Indicates Matter Stricken
Indicates New Matter
The Senate assembled at 2:00 P.M., the hour to which it stood adjourned, and was called to order by the PRESIDENT.
A quorum being present, the proceedings were opened with a devotion by the Chaplain as follows:
The prophet Amos commanded:
"But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream." (Amos 5:24)
Let us pray:
How challenging, O God, are these times in which we live. Yes, there are blessings which surround us, indeed. But there are also so many difficulties and problems which confront all of us day by day. This Senate knows of these things firsthand, Lord. Much of the time and energy of these leaders and their aides is consumed by their need to wrestle with these very realities. So we ask, Lord, that in all of their debates and their actions You will guide these leaders. And grant that justice and righteousness are ever the hallmarks of their decisions, to the betterment of all South Carolinians. In Your loving name we pray this. Amen.
The PRESIDENT called for Petitions, Memorials, Presentments of Grand Juries and such like papers.
MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR
The following appointments were transmitted by the Honorable Nikki Randhawa Haley:
Statewide Appointments
Initial Appointment, South Carolina Workers' Compensation Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2014, and to expire June 30, 2016
Chairman:
T. Scott Beck, 1022 Indian Fork Rd., Chapin, SC 29036
Referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
Reappointment, South Carolina Workers' Compensation Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2014, and to expire June 30, 2020
At-Large:
T. Scott Beck, 1022 Indian Fork Rd., Chapin, SC 29036
Referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
Local Appointment
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education, with the term to commence July 1, 2012, and to expire July 1, 2018
7th Congressional District:
Daniel Philip Gray, 5410 Hampton Circle, Myrtle Beach, SC 29577 VICE Vacant Due To Redistricting
Doctor of the Day
Senator LEATHERMAN introduced Dr. Conyers O'Bryan of Florence, S.C., Doctor of the Day.
The following co-sponsors were added to the respective Bills:
S. 839 (Word version) Sen. Davis
S. 1010 (Word version) Sen. Campsen
S. 1060 (Word version) Sen. Alexander
S. 275 (Word version) Sen. Malloy
S. 416 (Word version) Sen. Larry Martin
S. 1032 (Word version) Sen. Reese
RECALLED
H. 4467 (Word version) -- Reps. Daning, Rivers, Crosby, Southard, Jefferson and Merrill: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 7-7-120, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DESIGNATION OF VOTING PRECINCTS IN BERKELEY COUNTY, SO AS TO REDESIGNATE VARIOUS EXISTING PRECINCTS, TO ADD TEN PRECINCTS, AND TO REDESIGNATE THE MAP NUMBER ON WHICH THE NAMES OF THESE PRECINCTS MAY BE FOUND AND MAINTAINED BY THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICS OF THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD.
Senator LARRY MARTIN asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Bill from the Committee on Judiciary.
The Bill was recalled from the Committee on Judiciary and ordered placed on the Calendar for consideration tomorrow.
Privilege of the Chamber
On motion of Senator BRYANT, on behalf of Senator McELVEEN, with unanimous consent, in accordance with the provisions of Rule 35, the Privilege of the Chamber, to that area behind the rail, was extended to Ms. Helen Munnerlyn.
INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
The following were introduced:
S. 1081 (Word version) -- Senators McElveen, Jackson, Shealy, Setzler, Johnson, Lourie, Bennett, Gregory, Courson and Scott: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE ANDRE GOODMAN OF ELGIN ON HIS 2011 RETIREMENT FROM THE NFL AND TO WISH HIM CONTINUED SUCCESS IN HIS NEW JOB AS DIRECTOR OF FOOTBALL PLAYER DEVELOPMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA, AS WELL AS MUCH PROSPERITY AND FULFILLMENT IN ALL HIS FUTURE ENDEAVORS.
l:\council\bills\rm\1497dg14.docx
The Senate Resolution was adopted.
S. 1082 (Word version) -- Senator Lourie: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE BRITTONS OF COLUMBIA AND THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA DANCE MARATHON ON BREAKING A GUINNESS WORLD RECORD FOR THE MOST BOW TIES TIED IN FIVE MINUTES, AND TO RECOGNIZE THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA DANCE MARATHON FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PALMETTO HEALTH CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL.
l:\s-res\jl\003bow .mrh.jl.docx
The Senate Resolution was adopted.
S. 1083 (Word version) -- Senators Jackson and Alexander: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 12-6-3790 SO AS TO PROVIDE AN INCOME TAX CREDIT TO A TAXPAYER THAT CLAIMS A DEDUCTION ON HIS FEDERAL RETURN FOR A CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION OF APPARENTLY WHOLESOME FOOD FROM ANY TRADE OR BUSINESS OF THE TAXPAYER, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE CREDIT EQUALS TEN PERCENT OF THE DEDUCTION.
l:\council\bills\bh\26099dg14.docx
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Finance.
S. 1084 (Word version) -- Senators Nicholson, Scott, Williams, Hutto, Cromer, Campbell, O'Dell, Reese, Lourie, Coleman and Kimpson: A BILL TO AMEND SECTIONS 44-29-150 AND 44-29-160, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BOTH RELATING TO PERSONS APPLYING FOR EMPLOYMENT IN SCHOOLS, KINDERGARTENS, NURSERY, OR DAYCARE CENTERS TO BE TESTED FOR AND FREE FROM ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS AND PROVIDING THAT RETESTING OF CONSECUTIVELY RETURNING EMPLOYEES IS NOT REQUIRED, SO AS TO REQUIRE INDIVIDUALS RETURNING TO EMPLOYMENT IN CONSECUTIVE YEARS IN THESE SETTINGS TO BE TESTED AND FREE FROM TUBERCULOSIS IN AN ACTIVE STAGE.
l:\council\bills\nbd\11286ac14.docx
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
S. 1085 (Word version) -- Senators Campbell, Grooms, Matthews, McGill and O'Dell: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 4-37-30, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, RELATING TO THE USE OF LOCAL SALES AND USE TAX OR TOLL REVENUES TO FINANCE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN A COUNTY, SO AS TO PROVIDE A PROCEDURE FOR THE GOVERNING BODY OF A COUNTY IN WHICH THE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE LOCAL SALES AND USE TAX IS CURRENTLY IMPOSED FOR LESS THAN THE TWENTY-FIVE YEAR MAXIMUM IMPOSITION PERIOD, UPON REFERENDUM APPROVAL, MAY EXTEND WITHOUT INTERRUPTION THE INITIAL IMPOSITION FOR AN IMPOSITION PERIOD IN THE AGGREGATE NOT TO EXCEED TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, TO PROVIDE WHAT QUESTIONS MUST APPEAR ON THE REFERENDUM BALLOT, TO PROVIDE THAT A REFERENDUM FOR OTHER THAN THE INITIAL IMPOSITION OF THE TAX MAY BE HELD AT THE TIME OF EITHER A GENERAL OR SPECIAL ELECTION IN THE COUNTY, AS THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE COUNTY MAY DETERMINE, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE GOVERNING BODY OF A COUNTY IN WHICH THE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE LOCAL SALES AND USE TAX IS CURRENTLY IMPOSED, WITHIN TWO YEARS OF THE TERMINATION OF THE TAX OR THE ANTICIPATED TERMINATION OF THE TAX AND UPON REFERENDUM APPROVAL, MAY RENEW WITHOUT INTERRUPTION THE IMPOSITION OF THE TAX AND PROVIDE THAT NO MORE THAN ONE REFERENDUM RELATING TO THIS TAX BE HELD IN A CALENDAR YEAR.
l:\council\bills\bbm\9041htc14.docx
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Finance.
H. 3134 (Word version) -- Reps. Nanney and Taylor: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 29-3-330, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO METHODS OF ENTERING A SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE IN THE PUBLIC RECORDS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE MORTGAGEE OF RECORD, THE OWNER OR HOLDER OF THE DEBT INSTRUMENT SECURED BY THE MORTGAGE, THE TRUSTEE OR BENEFICIARY OF A DEED OF TRUST, OR THE LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE OR ATTORNEY-IN-FACT OF ANY OF THOSE PARTIES MAY EXECUTE A MORTGAGE SATISFACTION OR DEED OF TRUST RELEASE, AND TO PROVIDE A PROCEDURE AND FORM FOR USE IN THIS EXECUTION.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Banking and Insurance.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Education.
H. 4347 (Word version) -- Reps. Bannister, Cobb-Hunter, McCoy, Allison, Whipper and Gilliard: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, SO AS TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA CHILDREN'S ADVOCACY MEDICAL RESPONSE SYSTEM ACT" BY ADDING ARTICLE 4 TO CHAPTER 11, TITLE 63 SO AS TO CREATE THE SOUTH CAROLINA CHILDREN'S ADVOCACY MEDICAL RESPONSE SYSTEM, A PROGRAM TO PROVIDE COORDINATION AND MEDICAL SERVICE RESOURCES STATEWIDE TO AGENCIES AND ENTITIES THAT RESPOND TO VICTIMS OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROGRAM; AND TO AMEND SECTION 63-11-310, RELATING TO RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHILDREN'S ADVOCACY CENTERS, SO AS TO REQUIRE THESE CENTERS TO COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA CHILDREN'S MEDICAL RESPONSE SYSTEM AND OTHERWISE COORDINATE WITH THE PROGRAM.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 4364 (Word version) -- Reps. Cobb-Hunter, Douglas, M. S. McLeod, Whipper and R. L. Brown: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 7-3-20, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE SELECTION AND DUTIES OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE STATE ELECTION COMMISSION, SO AS TO REQUIRE THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TO PUBLISH ON THE COMMISSION'S WEBSITE ACTS OR JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AFFECTING THE ELECTION LAWS OF THIS STATE TOGETHER WITH A BRIEF EXPLANATION, IF NECESSARY, OF EACH SUCH ENACTMENT, TO PROVIDE THE CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF THE ENACTMENTS REQUIRED TO BE PUBLISHED, AND THE DURATION OF THE WEBSITE PUBLICATION.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 4403 (Word version) -- Reps. Cobb-Hunter, Dillard, King, Knight, R. L. Brown, Atwater, Whipper, Gilliard, R. L. Ott, Jefferson and Williams: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 53-3-75 SO AS TO DECLARE JANUARY SEVENTEENTH OF EACH YEAR AS "EARTHA KITT DAY" IN SOUTH CAROLINA IN HONOR OF THE LATE EARTHA MAE KITT, NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN ACTRESS, SINGER, AND NATIVE SOUTH CAROLINIAN AND TO PROMOTE CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE STATE IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING AND IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF ALL SOUTH CAROLINIANS.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 4543 (Word version) -- Reps. Southard, R. L. Ott, Jefferson, H. A. Crawford, M. S. McLeod, Vick, Hardwick, Williams, Robinson-Simpson, George, Daning, Munnerlyn, Long, Crosby, Felder, Gagnon, Hayes, Hixon, Howard, Norman, Stavrinakis, V. S. Moss and Knight: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-13-640, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF BLUE CATFISH, SO AS TO DECREASE THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF A BLUE CATFISH THAT MAY BE TAKEN ON CERTAIN BODIES OF WATER, TO MAKE A TECHNICAL CHANGE, AND TO ESTABLISH THE DAILY POSSESSION LIMIT FOR BLUE CATFISH TAKEN FROM LAKE MARION AND LAKE MOULTRIE; AND TO AMEND SECTION 50-9-1120, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POINT SYSTEM FOR VIOLATING CERTAIN PROVISIONS THAT REGULATE FISHING AND HUNTING, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT TAKING OR POSSESSING MORE THAN THE LEGAL CREEL OR SIZE LIMIT OF BLUE CATFISH IS A FOURTEEN POINT VIOLATION.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry.
H. 4551 (Word version) -- Reps. Limehouse, Sottile and Hardwick: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-5-1705, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO CATCH LIMITS FOR CERTAIN SPECIES OF FISH, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT IT IS UNLAWFUL TO TAKE OR POSSESS A GREAT WHITE SHARK (CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS), AND TO PROVIDE THAT ANY GREAT WHITE SHARK THAT IS CAUGHT MUST BE RELEASED IMMEDIATELY AND MUST REMAIN COMPLETELY IN THE WATER AT ALL TIMES WHILE BEING UNHOOKED AND RELEASED.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry.
H. 4560 (Word version) -- Reps. G. M. Smith and Weeks: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 17-1-40, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO DESTRUCTION OR EXPUNGEMENT OF CERTAIN ARREST AND BOOKING RECORDS UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE RETENTION OF EVIDENCE GATHERED, INCIDENT REPORTS, AND INVESTIGATIVE FILES PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTION, TO PROVIDE THAT THESE MATERIALS ARE NOT SUBJECT TO AN EXPUNGEMENT ORDER, AND AUTHORIZE REDACTION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION FOLLOWING A NO CONVICTION DISPOSITION OF THE CRIMINAL CHARGE.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 4561 (Word version) -- Reps. Hixon, King, Hodges, Simrill, Huggins, Ballentine, Brannon, Hiott, Hardwick, Bales, Knight, Clyburn, Southard, Tallon, Skelton, Erickson, Sottile, Limehouse, Stavrinakis, McCoy, Parks, Crosby, Anthony, Mitchell, Bowen, H. A. Crawford, Robinson-Simpson, Toole, Kennedy, Patrick, Bowers, Atwater, Bedingfield, Williams, M. S. McLeod, G. R. Smith, George, Putnam, Allison, Burns, Chumley, Clemmons, Cobb-Hunter, Daning, Delleney, Dillard, Edge, Felder, Forrester, Funderburk, Gagnon, Hamilton, Hardee, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Horne, Hosey, Jefferson, Loftis, Long, Lowe, Lucas, W. J. McLeod, V. S. Moss, Murphy, Newton, Norman, Owens, Pitts, Pope, Ridgeway, Riley, Rutherford, Sabb, Sandifer, J. R. Smith, Taylor, Thayer, Wells, White, Whitmire, Willis, Wood and R. L. Brown: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING CHAPTER 20 TO TITLE 50 SO AS TO AUTHORIZE THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES TO ENTER INTO THE INTERSTATE BOATING VIOLATOR COMPACT.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry.
H. 4574 (Word version) -- Reps. Hardwick and W. J. McLeod: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-20, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS CONCERNING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION BOARD, SO AS TO REVISE AND ADD DEFINITIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-90, RELATING TO BOARD INVESTIGATIONS OF COMPLAINTS AGAINST LICENSEES, SO AS TO CHANGE THE MANNER IN WHICH AN INITIAL COMPLAINT MAY BE REFERRED TO AN INVESTIGATOR; TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-95, RELATING TO REFERRALS OF VIOLATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION TO THE BOARD, SO AS TO ELIMINATE THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD WITH RESPECT TO REPORTS OF CERTAIN VIOLATIONS THAT DO NOT ALLEGE UNLICENSED PRACTICE; TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-230, RELATING TO LICENSEES, SO AS TO ELIMINATE A PROVISION THAT ENABLES CERTAIN LICENSEES FROM OBTAINING CLASS "A" OR CLASS "B" WELL DRILLER LICENSES WHEN MEETING CERTAIN CRITERIA; TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-300, RELATING TO CERTIFICATION CLASSES OF WATER TREATMENT OPERATORS, SO AS TO REVISE CRITERIA FOR TRAINEE WATER OPERATORS AND CLASS "E" WATER TREATMENT OPERATORS; TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-310, RELATING TO WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATOR LICENSES, SO AS TO REVISE CRITERIA FOR TRAINEE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATOR AND A CLASS "D" WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATOR; TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-320, RELATING TO LICENSURE AS A CLASS "C" ENVIRONMENTAL, COASTAL, OR ROCK WELL DRILLER, SO AS TO REPLACE THE REQUIREMENT OF HAVING AT LEAST ONE YEAR OF EXPERIENCE AS AN APPRENTICE WITH AT LEAST ONE YEAR OF EXPERIENCE AS A CLASS "D" WELL DRILLER; AND TO AMEND SECTION 40-23-340, RELATING TO RESTRICTIONS ON WELL DRILLERS ACCORDING TO CLASSIFICATION OF THE WELL DRILLER, SO AS TO REVISE RESTRICTIONS ON CLASS "D" AND CLASS "C" WELL DRILLERS.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
H. 4578 (Word version) -- Reps. Sandifer, Toole, Rivers, Erickson and Long: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 23-43-20, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA MODULAR BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION ACT, SO AS TO REVISE THE DEFINITION OF THE TERM "APPROVED INSPECTION AGENCY" TO REQUIRE THAT AN APPROVED INSPECTION AGENCY RETAIN A BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-ORIENTED ENGINEER OR ARCHITECT TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE; AND TO AMEND SECTION 23-43-90, RELATING TO INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION OF A MODULAR BUILDING, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT FINAL PLAN APPROVAL FOR A SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL MODULAR BUILDING BE PERFORMED BY AN APPROVED INSPECTION AGENCY, AND TO PROVIDE THAT FINAL APPROVAL FOR A COMMERCIAL MODULAR BUILDING BE PERFORMED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 4604 (Word version) -- Reps. Sandifer, Mack and Toole: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 40-22-280, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LICENSURE REQUIREMENT TO PRACTICE ENGINEERING, SO AS TO PROVIDE AN EXEMPTION FOR CERTAIN ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES OR OTHER PERSONNEL OF A MANUFACTURING COMPANY, AND TO DEFINE NECESSARY TERMS.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
H. 4643 (Word version) -- Rep. Sandifer: A BILL TO REPEAL SECTION 40-11-50, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, AND SECTION 40-67-50 BOTH RELATING TO CERTAIN PROFESSIONAL LICENSING FEES.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
H. 4644 (Word version) -- Rep. Sandifer: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 40-60-20, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, AND SECTIONS 40-60-31, 40-60-33, 40-60-34, 40-60-35, AS AMENDED, 40-60-36, 40-60-37, 40-60-38, 40-60-80, AND 40-60-220, ALL RELATING TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS LICENSE AND CERTIFICATION ACT, SO AS TO CONFORM THE PROVISIONS TO CERTAIN REVISED NATIONAL UNIFORM STANDARDS FOR LICENSING, CERTIFYING, AND RECERTIFYING REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
H. 4749 (Word version) -- Reps. Bingham, Allison, Anthony, Hayes, Erickson and Long: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO REQUIRE THAT THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION IMMEDIATELY SHALL, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, THE OFFICE OF FIRST STEPS TO SCHOOL READINESS, THE EDUCATION OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE, AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS AS APPROPRIATE, BEGIN TO CONSIDER WHICH ASSESSMENT MUST BE USED TO ANALYZE THE EARLY LITERACY COMPETENCIES OF CHILDREN IN STATE-FUNDED FULL-DAY AND HALF-DAY FOUR-YEAR-OLD KINDERGARTEN PROGRAMS AND OF ALL CHILDREN ENTERING KINDERGARTEN PROGRAMS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS DURING THE 2014-2015 SCHOOL YEAR; TO PROVIDE THE ASSESSMENT MUST BE THE SAME OR ALIGNED TO ASSESSMENTS INTENDED TO PROVIDE DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION TO TEACHERS AND MEASURE STUDENT GROWTH OVER TIME; TO REQUIRE THE BOARD TO PROVIDE A REPORT SUMMARIZING THE ASSESSMENT IT HAS SELECTED TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY BEFORE JUNE 1, 2015; AND TO PROVIDE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EARLY LITERACY MEASURE SELECTED BY THE BOARD.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Education.
H. 4783 (Word version) -- Reps. Kennedy and Clyburn: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE INTERSECTION LOCATED AT THE JUNCTION OF UNITED STATES HIGHWAY 378 AND DOUBLE BRIDGES ROAD IN SALUDA COUNTY "CORLEY CROSSROADS" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE MARKERS OR SIGNS AT THIS INTERSECTION THAT CONTAIN THE WORDS "CORLEY CROSSROADS".
The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Transportation.
H. 4804 (Word version) -- Reps. Gambrell, Gagnon, Putnam, Thayer, White and Bowen: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO PROVIDE FOR THE WAIVER OF SEVEN OR FEWER DAYS THAT SCHOOLS IN THE ANDERSON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT CLOSED IN 2014 DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER FROM WINTER STORM LEON AND WINTER STORM PAX FROM THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENT THAT SCHOOL DAYS MISSED DUE TO SNOW, EXTREME WEATHER, OR OTHER DISRUPTIONS BE MADE UP, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THIS REQUIREMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO TIME MISSED DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER FROM THESE STORMS.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Education.
H. 4841 (Word version) -- Reps. Owens, Alexander, Allison, Anderson, Anthony, Atwater, Bales, Ballentine, Bannister, Barfield, Bedingfield, Bernstein, Bingham, Bowen, Bowers, Branham, Brannon, G. A. Brown, R. L. Brown, Burns, Chumley, Clemmons, Clyburn, Cobb-Hunter, Cole, H. A. Crawford, K. R. Crawford, Crosby, Daning, Delleney, Dillard, Douglas, Edge, Erickson, Felder, Finlay, Forrester, Funderburk, Gagnon, Gambrell, George, Gilliard, Goldfinch, Govan, Hamilton, Hardee, Hardwick, Harrell, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Herbkersman, Hiott, Hixon, Hodges, Horne, Hosey, Howard, Huggins, Jefferson, Kennedy, King, Knight, Limehouse, Loftis, Long, Lowe, Lucas, Mack, McCoy, McEachern, M. S. McLeod, W. J. McLeod, Merrill, Mitchell, D. C. Moss, V. S. Moss, Munnerlyn, Murphy, Nanney, Neal, Newton, Norman, Norrell, R. L. Ott, Parks, Patrick, Pitts, Pope, Putnam, Quinn, Ridgeway, Riley, Rivers, Robinson-Simpson, Rutherford, Ryhal, Sabb, Sandifer, Sellers, Simrill, Skelton, G. M. Smith, G. R. Smith, J. E. Smith, J. R. Smith, Sottile, Southard, Spires, Stavrinakis, Stringer, Tallon, Taylor, Thayer, Toole, Vick, Weeks, Wells, Whipper, White, Whitmire, Williams, Willis and Wood: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE THE TWENTY-THREE SOUTH CAROLINA TECHNICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS NAMED TO SOUTH CAROLINA'S 2014 ALL-STATE ACADEMIC TEAM IN THE ALL-USA ACADEMIC TEAM COMPETITION SPONSORED BY THE PHI THETA KAPPA HONOR SOCIETY IN RECOGNITION OF THEIR SCHOLARLY ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND SERVICE TO THEIR COMMUNITIES.
The Concurrent Resolution was adopted, ordered returned to the House.
H. 4854 (Word version) -- Reps. J. E. Smith, Huggins, Alexander, Allison, Anderson, Anthony, Atwater, Bales, Ballentine, Bannister, Barfield, Bedingfield, Bernstein, Bingham, Bowen, Bowers, Branham, Brannon, G. A. Brown, R. L. Brown, Burns, Chumley, Clemmons, Clyburn, Cobb-Hunter, Cole, H. A. Crawford, K. R. Crawford, Crosby, Daning, Delleney, Dillard, Douglas, Edge, Erickson, Felder, Finlay, Forrester, Funderburk, Gagnon, Gambrell, George, Gilliard, Goldfinch, Govan, Hamilton, Hardee, Hardwick, Harrell, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Herbkersman, Hiott, Hixon, Hodges, Horne, Hosey, Howard, Jefferson, Kennedy, King, Knight, Limehouse, Loftis, Long, Lowe, Lucas, Mack, McCoy, McEachern, M. S. McLeod, W. J. McLeod, Merrill, Mitchell, D. C. Moss, V. S. Moss, Munnerlyn, Murphy, Nanney, Neal, Newton, Norman, Norrell, R. L. Ott, Owens, Parks, Patrick, Pitts, Pope, Putnam, Quinn, Ridgeway, Riley, Rivers, Robinson-Simpson, Rutherford, Ryhal, Sabb, Sandifer, Sellers, Simrill, Skelton, G. M. Smith, G. R. Smith, J. R. Smith, Sottile, Southard, Spires, Stavrinakis, Stringer, Tallon, Taylor, Thayer, Toole, Vick, Weeks, Wells, Whipper, White, Whitmire, Williams, Willis and Wood: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND HONOR HEATHER BARNHART, DIRECTOR OF CAPITAL CITY DANCE AND FITNESS AND THE CAPITAL CITY CLOGGERS, FOR HER ILLUSTRIOUS CAREER IN CLOGGING AND TO CONGRATULATE HER FOR WINNING THE 2013 OPRY FEMALE AWARD AT THE 2013 AMERICA'S CLOGGING HALL OF FAME WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The Concurrent Resolution was adopted, ordered returned to the House.
H. 4856 (Word version) -- Reps. Jefferson, Crosby, Daning, Merrill, Rivers and Southard: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND HONOR BERNARD HARMON OF THE TIMBERLAND HIGH SCHOOL WRESTLING TEAM IN BERKELEY COUNTY FOR AN OUTSTANDING SEASON AND TO CONGRATULATE HIM FOR WINNING THE CLASS A/AA INDIVIDUAL STATE CHAMPIONSHIP TITLE.
The Concurrent Resolution was adopted, ordered returned to the House.
Expression of Personal Interest
Senator SCOTT rose for an Expression of Personal Interest.
Point of Order
Senator DAVIS raised a Point of Order under Rule 13 that the time limitation for an Expression of Personal Interest had expired.
Senator MATTHEWS asked unanimous consent to allow Senator SCOTT an additional five minutes.
REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES
Senator LEATHERMAN from the Committee on Finance submitted a majority favorable with amendment and Senator BRYANT a minority unfavorable report on:
S. 525 (Word version) -- Senators Campbell, O'Dell, McGill, Coleman, Scott, Cleary, Matthews, Setzler and Pinckney: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 13-1-390 SO AS TO ESTABLISH WITHIN THE DIVISION OF STATE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE THE CLEAN ENERGY INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING MARKET DEVELOPMENT ADVISORY COUNCIL AND PROVIDE FOR ITS MEMBERSHIP AND FUNCTIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 12-6-3588, RELATING TO THE RENEWABLE ENERGY TAX CREDIT INCENTIVE PROGRAM, SO AS TO REDESIGNATE THE PROGRAM THE "SOUTH CAROLINA CLEAN ENERGY TAX INCENTIVE PROGRAM", TO REVISE DEFINITIONS TO EXTEND THE CREDIT TO ADDITIONAL FORMS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS, TO DECREASE INVESTMENT THRESHOLDS AND DECREASE JOB CREATION THRESHOLDS FOR QUALIFYING FOR THE CREDIT AND MAKE THE CREDIT, PREVIOUSLY DUE TO EXPIRE DECEMBER 31, 2015, AVAILABLE THROUGH 2019 AND TO REVISE CREDIT ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURES; AND TO AMEND SECTION 12-6-3600, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE INCOME TAX CREDIT FOR CORN-BASED ETHANOL OR SOY-BASED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN THIS STATE, SO AS TO EXTEND THE CREDIT TO ALL LIQUID FUELS DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES, MAKE CONFORMING DEFINITIONS, REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF LIQUID FUEL ELIGIBLE FOR THE CREDIT, AND TO EXTEND THE PERIOD DURING WHICH THE CREDIT MAY BE CLAIMED THROUGH 2019.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator HUTTO from the Committee on Judiciary submitted a favorable with amendment report on:
S. 561 (Word version) -- Senator L. Martin: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 16-17-680 OF THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE PURCHASING, SELLING, AND TRANSPORTING OF NONFERROUS METALS, SO AS TO DEFINE THE TERM "COIL" AND PROVIDE THAT A SECONDARY METALS RECYCLER MUST NOT PURCHASE OR OTHERWISE ACQUIRE A COIL.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator CAMPSEN from the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry submitted a favorable report on:
S. 850 (Word version) -- Senator Coleman: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-510, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE UNLAWFUL HUNTING OR TAKING OF WILD TURKEYS BY THE MEANS, AID, OR USE OF BAIT OR BAITING, SO AS TO REVISE THE DEFINITIONS OF THE TERMS "BAIT" OR "BAITING", AND "BAITED AREAS", AND TO PROVIDE NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE PROHIBITS THE HUNTING AND TAKING OF WILD TURKEYS ON OR OVER LANDS OR AREAS THAT ARE NOT BAITED UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator CAMPSEN from the Committee on Judiciary submitted a majority favorable with amendment and Senator SHANE MARTIN a minority unfavorable report on:
S. 866 (Word version) -- Senator L. Martin: A BILL TO AMEND CHAPTER 5, TITLE 7, SOUTH CAROLINA CODE OF LAWS, 1976, RELATING TO COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSIONS AND BOARDS OF VOTER REGISTRATION, TO REPLACE CURRENT COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSIONS AND REGISTRATION BOARDS, TO DEVOLVE THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY TO A COMBINED BOARD OF VOTER REGISTRATION AND ELECTIONS FOR EACH COUNTY, TO PROVIDE FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF BOARD MEMBERS, AND TO ESTABLISH TERMS, DUTIES, AND AUTHORITY FOR THE BOARDS; TO REPEAL SECTION 7-5-35 AND SECTION 7-13-70; AND TO REPEAL CHAPTER 27, TITLE 7 RELATING TO INDIVIDUAL COUNTY BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator LEATHERMAN from the Committee on Finance submitted a favorable with amendment report on:
S. 954 (Word version) -- Senators Courson and Leatherman: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 9-4-10, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT, ORGANIZATION, MEMBERSHIP, AND DUTIES OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA PUBLIC EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AUTHORITY (PEBA), SO AS TO NUMBER PEBA BOARD SEATS, TO PROVIDE FOR THREE-YEAR TERMS FOR PEBA BOARD MEMBERS, TO STAGGER THE TERMS OF PEBA BOARD MEMBERS, TO PRESCRIBE QUARTERLY PEBA BOARD MEETINGS, AND TO PROVIDE THAT ALL OF PEBA'S ACTIVITIES ARE CARRIED OUT UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF AN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR APPOINTED BY THE PEBA BOARD; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-710, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE STATE INSURANCE PLAN, SO AS TO REQUIRE THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD TO APPROVE THE STATE HEALTH PLAN BY AUGUST FIFTEENTH OF EACH YEAR; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-770, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA 211 NETWORK, SO AS TO UPDATE A REFERENCE; TO AMEND SECTIONS 9-1-1135, 9-8-185, 9-9-175, AND 9-11-265, ALL AS AMENDED, ALL RELATING TO THE PAYMENT OF INTEREST ON INACTIVE RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS, SO AS TO PAY INTEREST ON INACTIVE ACCOUNTS IN THE VARIOUS RETIREMENT SYSTEMS IF A MEMBER IS PROHIBITED FROM WITHDRAWING THE MEMBER'S CONTRIBUTIONS BECAUSE OF ANOTHER PROVISION OF LAW; TO AMEND SECTION 9-1-640, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE CLASSES OF MEMBERS AND EMPLOYERS IN THE SOUTH CAROLINA RETIREMENT SYSTEM (SCRS), SO AS TO REFLECT CLASS THREE MEMBERSHIP IN SCRS; TO AMEND SECTION 9-1-1850, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO SERVICE CREDIT PURCHASES IN SCRS, SO AS TO CLARIFY THAT THE STATUTE ALLOWING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THREE YEARS OF SERVICE CREDIT APPLIES TO CLASS TWO SCRS MEMBERS ONLY; TO AMEND SECTION 9-1-1770, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE SCRS DEATH BENEFITS, SO AS TO CONFORM THE INCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFITS STATUTE WITH NEW CLASS THREE ELIGIBILITY PROVISIONS IN SCRS; TO AMEND SECTION 9-1-10, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO SCRS DEFINITIONS, SO AS TO PROVIDE A DEFINITION FOR "EFFECTIVE DATE OF MEMBERSHIP" IN SCRS; TO AMEND SECTION 9-11-10, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS FOR THE SOUTH CAROLINA POLICE OFFICERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM (SCPORS), SO AS TO REFLECT CLASS THREE MEMBERSHIP IN SCPORS AND TO PROVIDE A DEFINITION OF "EFFECTIVE DATE OF MEMBERSHIP"; TO AMEND SECTION 9-11-40, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO SCPORS MEMBERSHIP, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR CLASS THREE SERVICE IN SCPORS AND TO CLARIFY THAT ANY SCPORS MEMBER WITH AN EFFECTIVE DATE OF MEMBERSHIP AFTER JUNE 30, 2012, IS A CLASS THREE MEMBER; TO AMEND SECTION 9-11-210, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO SCPORS CONTRIBUTIONS, SO AS TO CLARIFY A REFERENCE TO CLASS ONE SERVICE IN SCPORS; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-703, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO EMPLOYEE AND RETIREE HEALTH INSURANCE, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA" FOR "EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM" OR "EIP"; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-705, RELATING TO THE RETIREE INSURANCE TRUST FUND, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA" FOR REFERENCES TO "EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM" AND TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA'S SELF-FUNDED HEALTH PLANS" FOR "EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM"; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-707, RELATING TO THE LONG TERM DISABILITY INSURANCE TRUST FUND, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA" FOR "EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM" AND TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA'S SELF-FUNDED LTD PLANS" FOR "EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM"; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-715, RELATING TO INCENTIVE PROGRAMS IN THE EMPLOYEE AND RETIREE HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA" FOR "EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM OF THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD" AND "EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM"; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-720, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO ENTITIES WHOSE EMPLOYEES AND RETIREES ARE ELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STATE HEALTH PLAN, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA" FOR "OFFICE OF INSURANCE SERVICES"; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-725, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE RATING OF CERTAIN LOCAL GROUPS, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "STATE HEALTH PLAN" FOR "STATE EMPLOYEE HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM"; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-730, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO ELIGIBILITY TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STATE HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA" FOR "EIP"; TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-740, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO OPTIONAL LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA" FOR "DIVISION OF INSURANCE SERVICES OF THE BOARD"; AND TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-780, RELATING TO MENTAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SO AS TO SUBSTITUTE "PEBA'S SELF-FUNDED HEALTH PLANS" FOR THE "STATE EMPLOYEE INSURANCE PROGRAM".
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator LEATHERMAN from the Committee on Finance submitted a favorable report on:
S. 985 (Word version) -- Senator Cleary: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 6 TO CHAPTER 1, TITLE 6, TO ENACT THE "FAIRNESS IN LODGING ACT" SO AS TO ALLOW MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES BY ORDINANCE TO IMPLEMENT ADDITIONAL ENFORCEMENT PROVISIONS FOR THE BUSINESS LICENSE TAX AND THE LOCAL ACCOMMODATIONS TAX AS THOSE PROVISIONS APPLY TO THE OWNERS OF RESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY WHO RENT THE PROPERTY TO TOURISTS, INCLUDING DATA SHARING WITH THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, SPECIFIC NOTICE TO PROPERTY OWNERS INCLUDED IN PROPERTY TAX BILLS, AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY THAT MAY BE IMPOSED FOR NONCOMPLIANCE AFTER THE RECEIPT OF SUCH A NOTICE, AND DIRECTIONS TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE TO IDENTIFY "RENTAL BY OWNER" WEBSITES ADVERTISING TOURISTS RENTALS AND REQUEST THEM TO POST ON THE WEBSITES A STATEMENT REGARDING THE LEGAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE OWNERS OF PROPERTY IN THIS STATE LISTED ON THE WEBSITE, TO PAY ALL APPLICABLE LOCAL AND STATE TAXES AND FEES WITH RESPECT TO SUCH RENTALS; AND TO AMEND SECTIONS 6-1-120, 12-54-240, AS AMENDED, AND 12-4-310, RELATING RESPECTIVELY TO THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF LOCAL AND STATE TAX DATA AND EXCEPTIONS THERETO, AND THE DUTIES OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, SO AS TO CONFORM THEM TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator LEATHERMAN from the Committee on Finance submitted a favorable report on:
S. 1008 (Word version) -- Senators Setzler and Lourie: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 9-8-10, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS PERTAINING TO THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM FOR JUDGES AND SOLICITORS, SO AS TO INCLUDE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES IN THE DEFINITION OF "JUDGE"; AND TO AMEND SECTION 9-8-40, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO MEMBERSHIP IN THE SYSTEM, SO AS TO ALLOW ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES SERVING ON JULY 1, 2014, TO ELECT TO BECOME A MEMBER.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator CAMPSEN from the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry submitted a favorable report on:
S. 1010 (Word version) -- Senators McGill and Cleary: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 10 TO CHAPTER 3, TITLE 50 SO AS TO CREATE THE TOM YAWKEY CENTER TRUST FUND.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator CAMPSEN from the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry submitted a favorable report on:
S. 1028 (Word version) -- Senator Alexander: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-25-1010, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO WATERCRAFT ON TUGALO LAKE, SO AS TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF HORSEPOWER A WATERCRAFT MOTOR MAY USE ON TUGALO LAKE FROM TWENTY TO TWENTY-FIVE HORSEPOWER.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator LEATHERMAN from the Committee on Finance submitted a favorable report on:
S. 1033 (Word version) -- Senators Campbell, Leatherman, Setzler and O'Dell: A BILL TO AMEND CHAPTER 2, TITLE 12 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO TAXATION, BY ADDING SECTION 12-2-110, TO PROVIDE AN OUT-OF-STATE BUSINESS THAT CONDUCTS OPERATIONS WITHIN THIS STATE FOR THE PURPOSES OF PERFORMING WORK OR SERVICES RELATED TO A DECLARED STATE DISASTER OR EMERGENCY DURING A DISASTER PERIOD MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED TO HAVE ESTABLISHED A LEVEL OF PRESENCE THAT WOULD REQUIRE THAT BUSINESS TO REGISTER, FILE, AND REMIT STATE OR LOCAL TAXES OR THAT WOULD REQUIRE THAT BUSINESS OR ITS OUT-OF-STATE EMPLOYEES TO BE SUBJECT TO ANY STATE LICENSING OR REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OR ANY COMBINATION OF THESE ACTIONS.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator CAMPSEN from the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry submitted a favorable report on:
H. 4541 (Word version) -- Rep. Barfield: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-13-325, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE TAKING OF CERTAIN NONGAME FISH IN GILL NETS AND SHAD NETS, SO AS TO REVISE THE RESTRICTIONS PLACED ON SETTING NETS ALONG THE LITTLE PEE DEE RIVER UPSTREAM OF PUNCH BOWL LANDING.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Appointments Reported
Senator LARRY MARTIN from the Committee on Judiciary submitted a favorable report on:
Statewide Appointments
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Ethics Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2013, and to expire June 30, 2018
2nd Congressional District:
James H. Burns, 570 Eagles Rest Drive, Chapin, SC 29036 VICE E. Kay Beirmann Brohl
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Ethics Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2013, and to expire June 30, 2018
Regina H. Lewis, 306 Woodhaven Rd., Columbia, SC 29203 VICE Priscilla Tanner
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Ethics Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2013, and to expire June 30, 2018
3rd Congressional District:
Clisby "Sandy" P. Templeton, 1337 Millrock Church Rd., Gray Court, SC 29645 VICE E. Kay Beirmann Brohl
Message from the House
Columbia, S.C., February 26, 2014
Mr. President and Senators:
The House respectfully informs your Honorable Body that it has confirmed the appointment:
STATEWIDE APPOINTMENT
Appointment, South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education, with term to commence July 1, 2012, and to expire July 1, 2018:
7th Congressional District:
Mr. Daniel Philip Gray, 5410 Hampton Circle, Myrtle Beach, SC 29577 VICE Vacant Due To Redistricting
Very respectfully,
Speaker of the House
HOUSE CONCURRENCES
The following Resolutions were returned from the House with concurrence and received as information:
S. 682 (Word version) -- Senator Hembree: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE INTERSECTION LOCATED AT THE JUNCTURE OF SOUTH CAROLINA HIGHWAYS 9 AND 57 IN HORRY COUNTY "STALVEY BELLAMY INTERSECTION" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE MARKERS OR SIGNS AT THIS INTERSECTION THAT CONTAIN THE WORDS "STALVEY BELLAMY INTERSECTION".
S. 975 (Word version) -- Senator Cleary: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE THE LAST SATURDAY OF SEPTEMBER EACH YEAR AS GREEN APPLE DAY OF SERVICE IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO A CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED LOCAL AND STATEWIDE CALENDAR.
HOUSE BILL RETURNED
The following House Bill was read the third time and ordered returned to the House with amendments:
H. 3410 (Word version) -- Reps. Forrester, Allison, Loftis, V.S. Moss, Cole, Tallon, Mitchell, Cobb-Hunter and Whipper: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 13 TO CHAPTER 1, TITLE 13 SO AS TO TRANSFER THE REGIONAL EDUCATION CENTERS ESTABLISHED BY THE EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COORDINATING COUNCIL TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE; TO AMEND SECTION 59-59-170, RELATING TO THE EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COORDINATING COUNCIL, AND SECTION 59-59-190, RELATING TO ASSISTANCE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKFORCE, THE BOARD FOR TECHNICAL AND COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATION, AND THE COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION SHALL PROVIDE THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN PROGRAMS UNDER THE SOUTH CAROLINA EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACT, SO AS TO MAKE CONFORMING CHANGES; AND TO REPEAL SECTION 59-59-180 RELATING TO REGIONAL EDUCATION CENTERS.
The following Bills were read the third time and ordered sent to the House of Representatives:
S. 611 (Word version) -- Senator Rankin: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 1-31-60, SO AS TO REQUIRE THAT THE COMMISSION FOR MINORITY AFFAIRS ELIMINATE ELIGIBILITY FOR A NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN GROUP TO RECEIVE OFFICIAL RECOGNIZED STATUS IN THIS STATE, TO REPEAL ANY REGULATIONS PROVIDING FOR RECOGNITION AS A NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN GROUP, AND TO REQUIRE THAT THE COMMISSION FOR MINORITY AFFAIRS REVISE ANY OF ITS REGULATIONS TO DELETE ANY REFERENCES OR ELIMINATE ANY PROCEDURES FOR RECOGNIZING A NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN GROUP.
S. 275 (Word version) -- Senators L. Martin, Hembree and Malloy: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 23-1-210, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE TEMPORARY TRANSFER OR ASSIGNMENT OF A MUNICIPAL OR COUNTY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER TO A MULTIJURISDICTIONAL TASK FORCE, SO AS TO MAKE A TECHNICAL CHANGE, DELETE THE PROVISION THAT REQUIRES A COUNTY OR MUNICIPALITY THAT SENDS AN OFFICER TO ANOTHER COUNTY OR MUNICIPALITY TO BE REIMBURSED FOR SERVICES BY THE COUNTY OR MUNICIPALITY TO WHICH THE OFFICER IS TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE GOVERNING BODIES OF THE POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS AFFECTED BY THIS PROVISION MUST BE NOTIFIED BY THEIR LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISIONS OF ANY MULTIJURISDICTIONAL TASK FORCE AGREEMENT EXECUTION AND TERMINATION.
S. 687 (Word version) -- Senator L. Martin: A BILL TO AMEND CHAPTER 15, TITLE 63, SOUTH CAROLINA CODE OF LAWS, 1976, RELATING TO CHILD CUSTODY AND VISITATION, TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA BLIND PERSON'S RIGHT TO PARENT ACT", BY ADDING ARTICLE 4 TO THE CHAPTER SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A COURT MAY NOT MAKE A DECISION ON GUARDIANSHIP, CUSTODY, OR VISITATION BASED UPON A SOLE CONSIDERATION OF THE BLINDNESS OF A CHILD'S PARENT OR GUARDIAN, AND THAT DECISIONS CONCERNING ADOPTIONS MAY NOT BE BASED UPON THE SOLE CONSIDERATION THAT THE PERSON SEEKING TO ADOPT A CHILD IS BLIND.
S. 826 (Word version) -- Senator Rankin: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 38-73-500(C) OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO RANDOM DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROCEDURES CONCERNING MERIT RATING FOR WORKER'S COMPENSATION INSURANCE; TO PROVIDE THAT A SINGLE SAMPLE MAY BE USED FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND TESTS IF A SECOND TEST IS ADMINISTERED.
AMENDED, READ THE THIRD TIME
SENT TO THE HOUSE
S. 872 (Word version) -- Senators Fair, Hutto, Jackson and L. Martin: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 63-1-50, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE JOINT CITIZENS AND LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE ON CHILDREN, SO AS TO ESTABLISH IT AS A PERMANENT JOINT COMMITTEE AND TO DELETE OBSOLETE PROVISIONS.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the third reading of the Bill.
Senator FAIR explained the Bill.
Motion Under Rule 26B
Senator SETZLER asked unanimous consent to make a motion to take up further amendments pursuant to the provisions of Rule 26B.
There was no objection.
Senator SETZLER proposed the following amendment (JUD0872.001), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 2, by striking lines 16 through 19, in Section 63-1-50(F), as contained in SECTION 1, and inserting therein the following:
/ (F) The committee shall terminate and shall cease to exist effective December 31, 2020, unless the General Assembly reauthorizes its continued existence beyond that date by legislation." /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator SETZLER explained the amendment.
The amendment was adopted.
The question then was third reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 44; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campbell
Campsen Cleary Coleman
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Johnson Kimpson
Leatherman Lourie Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
Matthews McElveen McGill
Nicholson O'Dell Peeler
Rankin Reese Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--44
NAYS
Total--0
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the third time, passed and ordered sent to the House of Representatives with amendments.
READ THE SECOND TIME
S. 828 (Word version) -- Senators Fair and Turner: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 11-41-75 SO AS TO EXEMPT CERTAIN BOND REIMBURSEMENT REQUIREMENTS IF A CONVENTION AND TRADE SHOW CENTER IS SOLD AND IS TO BE REPLACED WITH A NEW CONVENTION AND TRADE SHOW CENTER, AND TO SET FORTH EXEMPTION REQUIREMENTS; AND TO AMEND SECTION 11-41-70, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO REQUIREMENTS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BONDS, SO AS TO MAKE A CONFORMING CHANGE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Senator O'DELL explained the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 37; Nays 3
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Campbell Cleary Coleman
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Johnson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Massey Matthews
McElveen McGill Nicholson
O'Dell Pinckney Rankin
Reese Scott Setzler
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Verdin Williams
Young
Total--37
NAYS
Bright Bryant Martin, Shane
Total--3
The Bill was read the second time and ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar.
READ THE SECOND TIME
S. 908 (Word version) -- Senator Hayes: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-310, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS CONCERNING RISK-BASED CAPITAL, SO AS TO REVISE EXISTING DEFINITIONS AND DEFINE ADDITIONAL TERMS; TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-320, RELATING TO PREPARING AND SUBMITTING A RISK-BASED CAPITAL REPORT, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR DETERMINING A HEALTH ORGANIZATION'S RISK-BASED CAPITAL REPORT AND TO PROVIDE THAT EACH RISK FOR A LIFE AND HEALTH INSURER, PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURER, AND A HEALTH ORGANIZATION MUST BE DETERMINED IN A CERTAIN MANNER; TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-330, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO COMPANY ACTION LEVEL EVENTS, SO AS TO ADD AN ADDITIONAL EVENT CONCERNING A HEALTH ORGANIZATION, AMONG OTHER THINGS; TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-360, RELATING TO THE ROLE OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE WHEN A MANDATORY CONTROL LEVEL EVENT OCCURS, SO AS TO ADD PROVISIONS CONCERNING HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-370, RELATING TO HEARINGS AVAILABLE TO A LICENSEE TO CHALLENGE A DETERMINATION OR ACTION BY THE DIRECTOR IN RESPONSE TO A MANDATORY CONTROL LEVEL EVENT, SO AS TO PROVIDE A LICENSEE MAY HAVE THE HEARING CONFIDENTIALLY, ON THE RECORD, AND BEFORE THE DIRECTOR UPON PROVISION OF CERTAIN NOTICE, AND TO PROVIDE THE DIRECTOR SHALL SET A DATE FOR THE HEARING IN A CERTAIN MANNER; TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-380, RELATING TO THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF RISK-BASED CAPITAL REPORTS AND ADJUSTED RISK-BASED CAPITAL REPORTS, SO AS TO PROVIDE CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THE DIRECTOR MAY SHARE, RECEIVE, AND USE CERTAIN RELATED INFORMATION THAT IS CONFIDENTIAL AND PRIVILEGED; TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-430, RELATING TO EXEMPTIONS FROM REPORTING REQUIREMENTS, SO AS TO ADD PROVISIONS CONCERNING DOMESTIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS; AND TO AMEND SECTION 38-9-340, SECTION 38-9-350, SECTION 38-9-365, SECTION 38-9-390, SECTION 38-9-400, SECTION 38-9-440, AND SECTION 38-9-460, ALL RELATING TO CAPITAL, SURPLUS, RESERVES, AND OTHER FINANCIAL MATTERS, SO AS TO MAKE CONFORMING CHANGES.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Senator CROMER explained the Bill.
The question then was second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 43; Nays 1
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Campbell Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Cromer Davis Fair
Gregory Grooms Hayes
Hembree Hutto Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Lourie
Malloy Martin, Larry Martin, Shane
Massey Matthews McElveen
McGill Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Pinckney Rankin
Reese Scott Setzler
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Verdin Williams
Young
Total--43
NAYS
Bryant
Total--1
The Bill was read the second time and ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar.
READ THE SECOND TIME
S. 1000 (Word version) -- Senators Peeler and Reese: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO PROVIDE THAT IN 2015 AND 2016, THE ANNUAL FEE FOR THE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURER STANDARD LICENSE PLATE FOR VEHICLES IN THE MANUFACTURER'S EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAM AND FOR THE TESTING, DISTRIBUTION, EVALUATION, AND PROMOTION OF ITS VEHICLES IS SEVEN HUNDRED FIFTY-FOUR DOLLARS, TO PROVIDE THAT TWENTY DOLLARS OF EACH FEE IS CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF THE STATE AND THE BALANCE TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE ENTIRE FEE AMOUNT BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF THE STATE FOR NONRESIDENT PARTICIPANTS IN THE EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAM.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Joint Resolution, the question being the second reading of the Joint Resolution.
Senator PEELER explained the Joint Resolution.
The question then was second reading of the Joint Resolution.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 1
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campbell
Campsen Cleary Coleman
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Johnson Kimpson
Lourie Malloy Martin, Larry
Martin, Shane Massey McGill
Nicholson O'Dell Peeler
Pinckney Rankin Reese
Scott Setzler Shealy
Sheheen Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Thurmond
Total--1
The Joint Resolution was read the second time and ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar.
READ THE SECOND TIME
S. 1074 (Word version) -- Fish, Game and Forestry Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, RELATING TO HOMEMADE WATERCRAFT, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4428, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Joint Resolution, the question being the second reading of the Joint Resolution.
Senator HUTTO explained the Joint Resolution.
The question then was second reading of the Joint Resolution.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 42; Nays 0
AYES
Allen Bennett Bright
Bryant Campbell Cleary
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Lourie
Malloy Martin, Larry Martin, Shane
Massey Matthews McElveen
McGill Nicholson Peeler
Pinckney Rankin Reese
Scott Setzler Shealy
Sheheen Thurmond Turner
Verdin Williams Young
Total--42
NAYS
Total--0
The Joint Resolution was read the second time and ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar.
READ THE SECOND TIME
H. 3561 (Word version) -- Reps. White, Stavrinakis and Merrill: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 12-36-920, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO TAX ON ACCOMMODATIONS, SO AS TO DELETE CERTAIN ITEMS SUBJECT TO THE FIVE PERCENT TAX ON ADDITIONAL SURCHARGES.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Finance.
The Committee on Finance proposed the following amendment (BH\3561C001.BH.DG14), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking SECTION 2 and inserting:
/ SECTION 2. This act takes effect July 1, 2014. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator O'DELL explained the committee amendment.
The committee amendment was adopted.
The question then was second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 44; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campbell
Campsen Cleary Coleman
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Johnson Kimpson
Leatherman Lourie Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
Matthews McElveen McGill
O'Dell Peeler Pinckney
Rankin Reese Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--44
NAYS
Total--0
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
READ THE SECOND TIME
S. 1072 (Word version) -- Labor, Commerce and Industry Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE BOARD OF REGISTRATION FOR GEOLOGISTS, RELATING TO AMENDING REGULATIONS TO CONFORM TO THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF BIENNIAL RENEWAL, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4423, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Joint Resolution, the question being the second reading of the Joint Resolution.
Senator MASSEY explained the Joint Resolution.
The question then was second reading of the Joint Resolution.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 0
AYES
Allen Bennett Bright
Bryant Campbell Corbin
Courson Cromer Davis
Fair Gregory Grooms
Hayes Hembree Hutto
Jackson Johnson Kimpson
Leatherman Lourie Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
Matthews McElveen McGill
Nicholson Peeler Pinckney
Rankin Reese Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Total--0
The Joint Resolution was read the second time and ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar.
READ THE SECOND TIME
S. 1031 (Word version) -- Senators Campsen and Reese: A BILL TO AMEND CHAPTER 39, TITLE 48 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO COASTAL TIDELANDS AND WETLANDS, TO PROVIDE THAT GOLF COURSES SEAWARD OF THE BASELINE THAT EXISTED PRIOR TO 1991 MAY BE PROTECTED WITH SANDBAGGING AND SAND SCRAPING UNDER EMERGENCY ORDERS ISSUED OR APPROVED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources.
The Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources proposed the following amendment (1031R002.DBV), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking all after the enacting words and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Chapter 39, Title 48 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Section 48-39-135. Golf courses seaward of the baseline that existed prior to the effective date of the regulations promulgated in 1991 pursuant to the Beachfront Management Act may be protected under emergency orders issued or approved by the department using the same methodology that is used to protect structures pursuant to emergency orders."
SECTION 2. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor./
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator CAMPSEN explained the committee amendment.
The committee amendment was adopted.
The question then was second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 44; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campbell
Campsen Cleary Coleman
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Lourie
Malloy Martin, Larry Martin, Shane
Massey Matthews McElveen
McGill Nicholson Peeler
Rankin Reese Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--44
NAYS
Total--0
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
CARRIED OVER
H. 3797 (Word version) -- Reps. Sandifer and Erickson: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 38-90-165 SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE MAY DECLARE A CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANY INACTIVE IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES AND THAT THE DIRECTOR MAY MODIFY THE MINIMUM TAX PREMIUM APPLICABLE TO THE COMPANY DURING INACTIVITY; (Abbreviated Title)
On motion of Senator MALLOY, the Bill was carried over.
S. 560 (Word version) -- Senator L. Martin: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 58-15-870, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE WILFULL AND MALICIOUS INJURY TO A RAILROAD OR ELECTRIC RAILWAY, SO AS TO PROVIDE A TIER OF PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS; AND TO AMEND ARTICLE 9, CHAPTER 15, TITLE 58, RELATING TO RAILROADS, ELECTRIC RAILROADS, AND THE LIKE, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT IT IS UNLAWFUL TO PURCHASE, SELL, OR TRANSPORT RAILROAD TRACK MATERIALS, TO PROVIDE EXCEPTIONS, AND TO PROVIDE A TIER OF PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS.
On motion of Senator LEATHERMAN, the Bill was carried over.
H. 4020 (Word version) -- Rep. Allison: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO PROVIDE THAT ACT 99 OF 1999, THE SOUTH CAROLINA FIRST STEPS TO SCHOOL READINESS ACT, IS REAUTHORIZED UNTIL JULY 1, 2014.
On motion of Senator BRYANT, the Joint Resolution was carried over.
S. 909 (Word version) -- Senator Hayes: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 38-90-10, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS CONCERNING CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES, SO AS TO DEFINE 'RISK RETENTION GROUP'; TO AMEND SECTION 38-90-40, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO CAPITALIZATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES, SO AS TO INCLUDE CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES AND SPECIAL PURPOSE CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES FORMED AS A RISK RETENTION GROUP; TO AMEND SECTION 38-90-50, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO FREE SURPLUS REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES, SO AS TO INCLUDE CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES AND SPECIAL PURPOSE CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES FORMED AS A RISK RETENTION GROUP; AND TO AMEND SECTION 38-90-70, AS AMENDED, SECTION 38-90-100, AS AMENDED, SECTION 38-90-110, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 38-90-160, AS AMENDED, ALL RELATING TO MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES, SO AS TO MAKE CONFORMING PROVISIONS FOR CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES FORMED AS RISK RETENTION GROUPS AND SPECIAL PURPOSE CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES FORMED AS RISK RETENTION GROUPS.
On motion of Senator MALLOY, the Bill was carried over.
S. 862 (Word version) -- Senators Shealy and Turner: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 40-59-260 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE EXCEPTION FOR PROJECTS BY A PROPERTY OWNER FOR PERSONAL USE, TO PROVIDE THAT AN OWNER OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY WHO IMPROVES THE PROPERTY OR WHO BUILDS OR IMPROVES THE STRUCTURES OR APPURTENANCES ON THE PROPERTY AT A COST OF MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS SHALL NOT WITHIN TWO YEARS AFTER COMPLETION OR ISSUANCE OF A CERTIFICATE OFFER THE STRUCTURE FOR SALE OR RENT, AND CONSTRUCTION OR IMPROVEMENTS TO THE STRUCTURE, GROUP OF STRUCTURES, OR APPURTENANCES THAT COST THE OWNER-BUILDER LESS THAN TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS ARE NOT EVIDENCE OF "SALE" OR "RENT" FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION.
On motion of Senator SCOTT, the Bill was carried over.
S. 1007 (Word version) -- Senators Campbell and O'Dell: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 29-3-625 SO AS TO PROVIDE A PROCESS FOR EXPEDITING MORTGAGE FORECLOSURES AND TO DEFINE NECESSARY TERMINOLOGY.
On motion of Senator MALLOY, the Bill was carried over.
S. 1032 (Word version) -- Senators Campsen, Verdin and Reese: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 48-39-130 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO PERMITS REQUIRED FOR COASTAL ZONE CRITICAL AREAS, TO INCLUDE TEMPORARY QUALIFIED WAVE DISSIPATION DEVICES AS A TECHNIQUE TO BE USED IN THE BEACH/DUNE CRITICAL AREA TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY; TO AMEND SECTION 48-39-270, RELATING TO TERMS PERTAINING TO COASTAL TIDELANDS AND WETLANDS, TO DEFINE QUALIFIED WAVE DISSIPATION DEVICE; AND TO AMEND SECTION 48-39-290, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION RESTRICTIONS SEAWARD OF THE BASELINE, TO PROVIDE AN EXCEPTION FOR QUALIFIED WAVE DISSIPATION DEVICES.
On motion of Senator SHEHEEN, the Bill was carried over.
S. 1073 (Word version) -- Labor, Commerce and Industry Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION - OFFICE OF ELEVATORS AND AMUSEMENT RIDES, RELATING TO QUALIFICATION OF SPECIAL INSPECTORS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4382, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
On motion of Senator PEELER, the Joint Resolution was carried over.
S. 1075 (Word version) -- Labor, Commerce and Industry Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION - OFFICE OF STATE FIRE MARSHAL, RELATING TO OFFICE OF STATE FIRE MARSHAL, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4378, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
On motion of Senator BRIGHT, the Joint Resolution was carried over.
H. 4641 (Word version) -- Rep. Delleney: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO AUTHORIZE PALMETTO BOYS STATE TO USE THE CHAMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE ON FRIDAY, JUNE 13, 2014, FROM 11:30 A.M. TO 1:00 P.M. FOR ITS ANNUAL STATE HOUSE MEETING.
On motion of Senator BRYANT, the Concurrent Resolution was carried over.
AMENDED, CARRIED OVER
S. 839 (Word version) -- Senators Bryant, Bright and Davis: A BILL TO AMEND TITLE 46 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO AGRICULTURE, BY ADDING CHAPTER 55 CONCERNING INDUSTRIAL HEMP; TO PROVIDE THAT IT IS LAWFUL TO GROW INDUSTRIAL HEMP IN THIS STATE; TO CLARIFY THAT INDUSTRIAL HEMP IS EXCLUDED FROM THE DEFINITION OF MARIJUANA; TO PROHIBIT GROWING INDUSTRIAL HEMP AND MARIJUANA ON THE SAME PROPERTY OR OTHERWISE GROWING MARIJUANA IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO INDUSTRIAL HEMP TO DISGUISE THE MARIJUANA GROWTH; AND TO DEFINE NECESSARY TERMS.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Senator MALLOY proposed the following amendment (839R001.GM), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 2, by striking lines 40-42 and inserting:
/ to its proximity to industrial hemp, is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than five thousand dollars, or both. The penalty provided /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator MALLOY explained the amendment.
The amendment was adopted.
On motion of Senator PEELER, the Bill was carried over, as amended.
PREVIOUSLY PROPOSED AMENDMENT WITHDRAWN
AMENDMENT PROPOSED, CARRIED OVER
S. 940 (Word version) -- Senators Young, Massey, Setzler and Peeler: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 4-10-470, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE EDUCATION CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS SALES AND USE TAX, SO AS TO ALLOW A COUNTY THAT DOES NOT COLLECT A CERTAIN AMOUNT IN ACCOMMODATIONS TAX TO IMPOSE THE SALES TAX SO LONG AS NO PORTION OF THE COUNTY AREA IS SUBJECT TO MORE THAN TWO PERCENT TOTAL SALES TAX.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the previously proposed amendment.
Senator YOUNG asked unanimous consent to withdraw the previously proposed amendment.
There was no objection and the amendment was withdrawn.
Senator YOUNG proposed the following amendment (BH\940C009.BH.DG14):
Amend the bill, as and if amended, SECTION 1, Section 4-10-470, by adding an appropriately lettered subsection at the end to read:
/ ( ) Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, if the Education Capital Improvements Sales and Use Tax is imposed pursuant to subsection (B), then the total debt service on bonds issued by a school district resulting from the imposition, net of any premium or accrued interest, shall not exceed ninety percent of the total amount of Education Capital Improvements Sales and Use tax proceeds estimated to be allocated to the school district during the imposition, minus any amounts dedicated to property tax relief. The Board of Economic Advisors shall provide the estimate of the total amount. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator YOUNG explained the amendment.
On motion of Senator PINCKNEY, the Bill was carried over.
PREVIOUSLY PROPOSED AMENDMENT WITHDRAWN
AMENDMENT PROPOSED, CARRIED OVER
S. 986 (Word version) -- Senator Campsen: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-1-90 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO HUNTING, FISHING, OR TRAPPING WITHOUT CONSENT ON THE LAND OF OTHERS, TO INCREASE THE PENALTIES FOR THESE OFFENSES.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the previously proposed amendment.
Senator SHANE MARTIN proposed the following amendment (986R003.SRM), which was withdrawn:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 1, by striking line 42 and inserting:
/ offenses within the meaning of this section. The provisions of this section do not apply to a person raccoon hunting who enters upon the lands of another unarmed to retrieve his dog during the hours of eight thirty p.m. to three thirty a.m." /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator SHANE MARTIN asked unanimous consent to withdraw the previously proposed amendment.
There was no objection and the amendment was withdrawn.
Senator SHANE MARTIN proposed the following amendment (986R004.SRM):
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 2, by striking line 3 and inserting:
/ offenses within the meaning of this section. A person hunting racoons shall not be prosecuted under this section if the person is unarmed and retrieving his dogs." /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator SHANE MARTIN explained the amendment.
On motion of Senator SHANE MARTIN, the Bill was carried over.
AMENDMENT PROPOSED, OBJECTION
H. 3978 (Word version) -- Reps. White and G.M. Smith: A BILL TO AMEND ARTICLE 2, CHAPTER 7, TITLE 44, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO MEDICAID NURSING HOME PERMITS, TO DEFINE "MEDICAID PERMIT DAY", TO SPECIFY THE MANNER IN WHICH ADDITIONAL MEDICAID PERMIT DAYS ARE ALLOCATED, TO SET FORTH COMPLIANCE STANDARDS AND PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS, AND TO PROVIDE CERTAIN REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Senator SCOTT proposed the following amendment (BH\3978C002.BH.DG14), which was withdrawn:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 2, by striking lines 13 - 19 and inserting:
/ Section 44-7-84. (A) In the annual appropriations act, the General Assembly shall establish the maximum number of Medicaid patient days for which the department is authorized to issue Medicaid nursing home permits. In order to maximize the number of Medicaid patient days for which the department may issue Medicaid nursing home permit, the Department of Health and Human Services must expand Medicaid coverage as authorized by the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to individuals under sixty-five years of age with incomes at or below one hundred thirty-eight percent of the federal poverty level, based on modified adjusted gross income. The State Department of Health and Human Services shall provide the number of Medicaid patient days available to the department within thirty days after the effective date of the annual appropriations act. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator SCOTT explained the amendment.
On motion of Senator SCOTT, the amendment was withdrawn.
The question then was second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 44; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campbell
Campsen Cleary Coleman
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Johnson Kimpson
Leatherman Lourie Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
Matthews McElveen McGill
Nicholson O'Dell Peeler
Rankin Reese Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--44
NAYS
Total--0
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
AMENDMENT PROPOSED, OBJECTION
S. 459 (Word version) -- Senators Sheheen and Rankin: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 56-1-55, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR A PERSON WHO HOLDS A BEGINNER'S PERMIT OR A RESTRICTED DRIVER'S LICENSE TO DRIVE A MOTOR VEHICLE WHILE USING A CELLULAR TELEPHONE OR TEXT MESSAGING DEVICE; AND TO PROVIDE THAT IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR A PERSON TO DRIVE A MOTOR VEHICLE THROUGH A SCHOOL ZONE WHILE USING A CELLULAR TELEPHONE OR TEXT MESSAGING DEVICE WHEN THE SCHOOL ZONE'S WARNING LIGHTS HAVE BEEN ACTIVATED.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the adoption of the amendment proposed by the Committee on Judiciary.
Senator HEMBREE proposed the following amendment (JUD0459.007):
Amend the committee report, as and if amended, page [459-4], by striking lines 13-31, and inserting:
/ (E) A law enforcement officer shall not:
(1) stop a person for a violation of this section except when the officer has probable cause that a violation has occurred based on the officer's clear and unobstructed view of a person who is using a wireless electronic communication device while operating a motor vehicle on the public streets and highways of this State or when the officer has probable cause that a violation has occurred based on a person's admission that the person was using a wireless electronic communication device while operating a motor vehicle on the public streets and highways of this State;
(2) search, seize, or require the forfeiture of a wireless electronic communication device because of a violation of this section;
(3) initiate a search or request to search a motor vehicle, driver, or passenger in a motor vehicle based solely on a violation of this section. However, nothing in this item must be construed as prohibiting a search or request to search a motor vehicle, driver, or passenger in a motor vehicle based upon evidence unrelated to a violation of this section; or
(4) make a custodial arrest for a violation of this section, except upon a warrant issued for failure to appear in court when summoned or for failure to pay an imposed fine. /
Amend the committee report further, as and if amended, page [459-4], by striking lines 39-43, and [459-5], by striking lines 1-37, and inserting:
/ SECTION 2. Section 56-1-720 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 56-1-720. There is established a point system for the evaluation of the operating record of persons to whom a license to operate motor vehicles has been granted and for the determination of the continuing qualifications of these persons for the privileges granted by the license to operate motor vehicles. The system shall have as its basic element a graduated scale of points assigning relative values to the various violations in accordance with the following schedule:
VIOLATION POINTS
Reckless driving............ 6
Passing stopped school bus6
Hit-and-run, property damages only 6
Driving too fast for conditions, or speeding:
(1) No more than 10 m.p.h. above the
posted limits...... 2
(2) More than 10 m.p.h. but less than 25
m.p.h. above the posted limits 4
(3) 25 m.p.h. or above the posted limits 6
Disobedience of any official traffic control device 4
Disobedience to officer directing traffic 4
Failing to yield right of way 4
Driving on wrong side of road 4
Passing unlawfully 4
Turning unlawfully 4
Driving through or within safety zone 4
Failing to give signal or giving improper
signal for stopping, turning, or suddenly
decreased speed............ 4
Shifting lanes without safety precaution 2
Improper dangerous parking 2
Following too closely 4
Failing to dim lights 2
Operating with improper lights 2
Operating with improper brakes 4
Operating a vehicle in unsafe condition 2
Driving in improper lane 2
Improper backing.... 2
Using a wireless electronic communication device
while operating a motor vehicle,
third or subsequent offense 2
Using a wireless electronic communication device
to compose, send, or read a text-based communication
while operating a motor vehicle,
third or subsequent offense 2." /
Amend the committee report further, as and if amended, by adding an appropriately numbered SECTION to read:
/ SECTION __. Article 31, Chapter 5, Title 56 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Section 56-5-3890. (A) For purposes of this section:
(1) 'Hands-free wireless electronic communication device' means an electronic device, including, but not limited to, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, a text messaging device, or a computer, which allows a person to wirelessly communicate with another person without holding the device in either hand by utilizing an internal feature or function of the device, an attachment, or an additional device. A hands-free wireless electronic communication device may require the use of either hand to activate or deactivate an internal feature or function of the device.
(2) 'Text-based communication' means a communication using text-based information, including, but not limited to, a text message, an SMS message, an instant message, or an electronic mail message.
(3) 'Wireless electronic communication device' means an electronic device, including, but not limited to, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, a text messaging device, or a computer, which allows a person to wirelessly communicate with another person.
(B) It is unlawful for a person to use a wireless electronic communication device to compose, send, or read a text-based communication while operating a motor vehicle on the public streets and highways of this State.
(C) This section does not apply to a person who is:
(1) lawfully parked or stopped;
(2) using a hands-free wireless electronic communication device;
(3) summoning emergency assistance;
(4) transmitting or receiving data as part of a digital dispatch system;
(5) a public safety official while in the performance of the person's official duties; or
(6) using a global positioning system device or an internal global positioning system feature or function of a wireless electronic communication device for the purpose of navigation or obtaining related traffic and road condition information.
(D)(1) A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction:
(a) for a first offense, must be fined seventy-five dollars. In addition, the person shall pay a twenty-five dollar Trauma Care Fund surcharge. The seventy-five dollar fine is subject to all applicable court costs, assessments, and surcharges, except as provided in item (2). The twenty-five dollar Trauma Care Fund surcharge must be deposited with the city or county treasurer, as applicable, for remittance to the State Treasurer. The State Treasurer shall deposit the surcharge in the South Carolina State Trauma Care Fund. The surcharge must not be used by the Department of Health and Environmental Control for the payment of the department's administrative or operating expenses or for any purpose other than providing financial aid to participating trauma care providers and grants related to trauma care in this State. The surcharge is not subject to the provisions of Section 44-61-520(G);
(b) for a second offense within ten years of a prior offense, must be fined one hundred and seventy-five dollars. In addition, the person shall pay a twenty-five dollar Trauma Care Fund surcharge. The one hundred and seventy-five dollar fine is subject to all applicable court costs, assessments, and surcharges. The twenty-five dollar Trauma Care Fund surcharge must be deposited with the city or county treasurer, as applicable, for remittance to the State Treasurer. The State Treasurer shall deposit the surcharge in the South Carolina State Trauma Care Fund. The surcharge must not be used by the Department of Health and Environmental Control for the payment of the department's administrative or operating expenses or for any purpose other than providing financial aid to participating trauma care providers and grants related to trauma care in this State. The surcharge is not subject to the provisions of Section 44-61-520(G); and
(c) for a third or subsequent offense within ten years of a prior offense, must be fined two hundred and seventy-five dollars. In addition, the person shall pay a twenty-five dollar Trauma Care Fund surcharge and have two points assessed against the person's motor vehicle operating record. The two hundred and seventy-five dollar fine is subject to all applicable court costs, assessments, and surcharges. The twenty-five dollar Trauma Care Fund surcharge must be deposited with the city or county treasurer, as applicable, for remittance to the State Treasurer. The State Treasurer shall deposit the surcharge in the South Carolina State Trauma Care Fund. The surcharge must not be used by the Department of Health and Environmental Control for the payment of the department's administrative or operating expenses or for any purpose other than providing financial aid to participating trauma care providers and grants related to trauma care in this State. The surcharge is not subject to the provisions of Section 44-61-520(G).
(2)(a) For a first offense, in lieu of the penalty, the person may successfully complete a driver's education program within sixty days of the person's conviction date, which specifically contains, in whole or in part, education regarding distracted driving.
(b) The person shall select a program approved by the Department of Public Safety's Office of Highway Safety. The Office of Highway Safety may approve more than one program, and such programs may be conducted by classroom, computer, or Internet. The Office of Highway Safety shall post information regarding the approved programs on its website.
(c) The person shall indicate to the judge at the time of conviction that the person intends to successfully complete a program instead of the penalty. The judge shall instruct the person as to how the person is to comply with the requirements of this item. Notwithstanding Section 56-7-30, the court shall retain the records and audit copy of the traffic ticket for the violation until the judge has made a determination as to whether the person has successfully completed the program.
(d) The person shall return to the court within sixty days of the conviction date. At that time, the person shall present an original certificate from the program indicating that the person has successfully completed the program. Also, the person shall sign an affidavit provided by the court swearing or affirming that the person has successfully completed the program.
(e) If the judge determines that the person has successfully completed the program, the judge shall waive the penalty and all applicable court costs, assessments, and surcharges, except ten dollars that shall be used exclusively by the court to offset the costs associated with administering the person's compliance with this item. The court shall remit the records and audit copy of the traffic ticket to the Department of Motor Vehicles within ten days indicating a violation of this section. The Department of Motor Vehicles shall indicate the violation on the person's motor vehicle operating record. An insurance company shall not increase a person's insurance premium based solely on a violation of this section, if the person completes a program in lieu of a penalty.
(f) If the judge determines that the person has failed to successfully complete the program, the judge shall impose the penalty, and all other applicable court costs, assessments, and surcharges. The court shall remit the records and audit copy of the traffic ticket to the Department of Motor Vehicles within ten days indicating a violation of this section. The Department of Motor Vehicles shall indicate the violation on the person's motor vehicle operating record.
(g) A person is not permitted to complete a program in lieu of a penalty if the person has been convicted of a prior violation of this section. Only those violations that occurred within a period of ten years, including and immediately preceding the date of the last violation, constitute prior violations within the meaning of this subsection.
(3) During the first one hundred eighty days after this section's effective date, law enforcement officers shall issue only warnings for violations of this section.
(E) A law enforcement officer shall not:
(1) stop a person for a violation of this section except when the officer has probable cause that a violation has occurred based on the officer's clear and unobstructed view of a person who is using a wireless electronic communication device to compose, send, or read a text-based communication while operating a motor vehicle on the public streets and highways of this State or when the officer has probable cause that a violation has occurred based on a person's admission that the person was using a wireless electronic communication device to compose, send, or read a text-based communication while operating a motor vehicle on the public streets and highways of this State;
(2) search, seize, or require the forfeiture of a wireless electronic communication device because of a violation of this section;
(3) initiate a search or request to search a motor vehicle, driver, or passenger in a motor vehicle based solely on a violation of this section. However, nothing in this item must be construed as prohibiting a search or request to search a motor vehicle, driver, or passenger in a motor vehicle based upon evidence unrelated to a violation of this section; or
(4) make a custodial arrest for a violation of this section, except upon a warrant issued for failure to appear in court when summoned or for failure to pay an imposed fine.
(F) The Department of Public Safety shall maintain statistical information regarding citations issued pursuant to this section.
(G) This section preempts local ordinances, regulations, and resolutions adopted by municipalities, counties, and other local government entities regarding persons using wireless electronic communication devices while operating motor vehicles on the public streets and highways of this State." /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator HEMBREE explained the amendment.
Senator BRIGHT objected to further consideration of the Bill.
THE CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED CALENDAR HAVING BEEN COMPLETED, THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO THE MOTION PERIOD.
Senator PEELER moved to dispense with the balance of the Motion Period.
Senator SETZLER moved to table the motion to dispense with the balance of the motion period.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 18; Nays 25
AYES
Allen Bright Hutto
Jackson Johnson Kimpson
Lourie Malloy Martin, Shane
Matthews McElveen McGill
Nicholson Pinckney Reese
Scott Setzler Williams
Total--18
NAYS
Alexander Bennett Bryant
Campbell Campsen Cleary
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Leatherman
Martin, Larry Massey O'Dell
Peeler Rankin Shealy
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Young
Total--25
The Senate refused to table the motion to dispense the balance of the motion period.
The Senate agreed to dispense with the balance of the motion period.
Expression of Personal Interest
Senator SCOTT rose for an Expression of Personal Interest.
Remarks by Senator SCOTT
Members of the Senate, there are times in this body it pains me to come to this podium and to share with you some of the burning things that are going through my mind as I look at South Carolina as a whole. This morning in Transportation we listened to the Department of Transportation as they talked about 603 million dollars they spent last year. The new interim director introduced her staff, and not one African-American was in her cabinet. That's sad. I thought about that and where we are in this body and I say that we have some very, very fine staff who do a lot of good work. But, it pains me also to stand here to tell you in all of the standing committees, and I am looking at all the information we have here, there is not one African-American in our own staff. So it makes it painful and difficult as I look at Agriculture and Natural Resources, Banking and Insurance, Correction, Education, Ethics, Finance, Fish, Game and Forestry, General, Invitations, Judiciary, Labor, Commerce and Industry, Medical Affairs, Rules and Transportation, and not one African-American in those committees. I talked with my committee chairman of Judiciary yesterday and I walked away still having a lot of pain from even the conversation. Now, when we changed rules before I got here, let me say this as painful as it may be, we went from seniority to party. There is not one Democrat on this side of the room over any standing committees. I would say to my colleagues, and you are my colleagues, I depend upon you to do what's right for the State. I depend on us to be an example for state agencies. If we don't do it in this body, you can count on state agencies not to do it as well. If not for Senators and the Democratic Caucus having African-Americans, there would not be any in this building. Let me say that the clerk, Jeff, does have African-Americans on his staff and I applaud him for at least having someone of color there. But, I say to us, we can do better. This is not meant to embarrass you; this is not meant to put you in a negative position. I am hoping this is a wake up call.
We are going to just show up here and deal with nullification and in my opinion we are wasting time. 151 years ago Lincoln did the Emancipation Proclamation. 51 years ago, we buried Martin Luther King, and I would think that this country at some point, after going through almost two terms as a president, we would get passed some of our own tension. Let me not call it racial tension but, tension, and use party behavior as a vehicle to keep this thing going. I am going to listen to some of this nullification and we have much more to do for this State but, we are going to go through the extra sides of this. But, I say before this - I am not going to take any questions so you can sit down. Thank you, and again like I said to my friend on the back row, it's reality. That's all I want to deal with this body, and I'm hoping that we are moving in a direction to grow. I don't know where we are going to be after we finish nullification. I don't know and I'm not sure the message we are sending to people out there. I would hope that before we go to far in some of what's going to be said, some may be good and a bunch of it I think is going to be foolishness, that we first think about where we are in the State and what we are trying to accomplish as a State as she tries to heal, as she tries to grow, and as we try to educate our children. Thank you.
On motion of Senator MATTHEWS, with unanimous consent, the remarks of Senator SCOTT were ordered printed in the Journal.
Expression of Personal Interest
Senator CLEARY rose for an Expression of Personal Interest.
Point of Order
Senator CORBIN raised a Point of Order under Rule 13 that the time limitation for an Expression of Personal Interest had expired.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO THE INTERRUPTED DEBATE.
AMENDMENT PROPOSED
DEBATE INTERRUPTED
H. 3101 (Word version) -- Reps. Chumley, Taylor, G.R. Smith, Huggins, Wells, Henderson, Crosby, Atwater, Long, Wood, Toole, Willis, Clemmons, Hardwick, Hardee, Goldfinch, Bedingfield, D.C. Moss, Loftis, Nanney, Pitts, Putnam, V.S. Moss, Owens, Barfield, H.A. Crawford, Stringer, Hamilton, Burns, Tallon, Kennedy, Allison, Murphy, Delleney, Horne, Daning and Brannon: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, SO AS TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA FREEDOM OF HEALTH CARE PROTECTION ACT" BY ADDING ARTICLE 21 TO CHAPTER 71, TITLE 38 SO AS TO RENDER NULL AND VOID CERTAIN UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS ENACTED BY THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES TAKING CONTROL OVER THE HEALTH INSURANCE INDUSTRY AND MANDATING THAT INDIVIDUALS PURCHASE HEALTH INSURANCE UNDER THREAT OF PENALTY; TO PROHIBIT CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS FROM ENFORCING OR ATTEMPTING TO ENFORCE SUCH UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS; AND TO ESTABLISH CRIMINAL PENALTIES AND CIVIL LIABILITY FOR VIOLATING THIS ARTICLE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Amendment No. P1-2
Senator HUTTO proposed the following amendment (3101MW.BH.1):
Amend the amendment with the document path 3101R013.TD, as and if amended, by striking Section 38-71-3060(B)(3) and inserting the following:
/ (3) provide evidence that the individual has not been convicted of a violent crime as defined in Section 16-1-60, has not been convicted during the previous five years of a felony directly related to the practice of the profession, or has not been convicted during the previous seven years of a felony, an essential element of which is dishonesty, reasonably related to the practice of the profession, or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to any such offense in a court of competent jurisdiction of this State, any other state, or any federal court; /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator DAVIS explained the perfecting amendment.
Senator KIMPSON spoke on the perfecting amendment.
Point of Order
Senator SHANE MARTIN raised a Point of Order that the Senator was not speaking on the amendment.
The PRESIDENT overruled the Point of Order.
Senator BRIGHT spoke on the perfecting amendment.
Debate was interrupted by adjournment.
LOCAL APPOINTMENT
Confirmation
Having received a favorable report from the Senate, the following appointment was confirmed in open session:
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education, with the term to commence July 1, 2012, and to expire July 1, 2018
7th Congressional District:
Daniel Philip Gray, 5410 Hampton Circle, Myrtle Beach, SC 29577 VICE Vacant Due To Redistricting
On motion of Senator GROOMS, with unanimous consent, the Senate stood adjourned out of respect to the memory of Mr. Bernard Warshaw of Walterboro, S.C. Mr. Warshaw served during World War II and upon his honorable discharge, he partnered with his father at Warshaw's Clothing Store. Mr. Warshaw served the State of South Carolina in numerous capacities for the past 55 years. He was appointed to the South Carolina Development Board, the South Carolina Mental Health Commission and served as Chairman of the Board for the Colleton Medical Center. Mr. Warshaw was a former director of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Walterboro and St. George, board member of the Colleton County Farmers Home Administration, member of the Shrine Club, Elks Club, Lions Club and Masons. He received an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Business Administration from The Citadel, was awarded the Order of the Silver Crescent in 1999 and the Order of the Palmetto in 1973. He was a loving husband and devoted father who will be dearly missed. | 2015-07-05T17:51:27 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.3659401834011078, "perplexity": 10535.106533377493}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375097548.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031817-00012-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10010271-direct-mass-measurements-short-lived-nuclides-ge63-as65-se67-kr71-impact-nucleosynthesis-rp-process | Direct Mass Measurements of Short-Lived $A=2Z−1$ Nuclides $Ge63$ , $As65$ , $Se67$ , and $Kr71$ and Their Impact on Nucleosynthesis in the $rp$ Process
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10010271
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Volume:
106
Issue:
11
ISSN:
0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society | 2022-06-28T20:51:15 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 29, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7159504890441895, "perplexity": 3550.8803442324524}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103617931.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628203615-20220628233615-00237.warc.gz"} |
http://lammps.sandia.gov/doc/fix.html | # fix command
## Syntax
fix ID group-ID style args
• ID = user-assigned name for the fix
• group-ID = ID of the group of atoms to apply the fix to
• style = one of a long list of possible style names (see below)
• args = arguments used by a particular style
## Examples
fix 1 all nve
fix 3 all nvt temp 300.0 300.0 0.01
fix mine top setforce 0.0 NULL 0.0
## Description
Set a fix that will be applied to a group of atoms. In LAMMPS, a “fix” is any operation that is applied to the system during timestepping or minimization. Examples include updating of atom positions and velocities due to time integration, controlling temperature, applying constraint forces to atoms, enforcing boundary conditions, computing diagnostics, etc. There are dozens of fixes defined in LAMMPS and new ones can be added; see this section for a discussion.
Fixes perform their operations at different stages of the timestep. If 2 or more fixes operate at the same stage of the timestep, they are invoked in the order they were specified in the input script.
The ID of a fix can only contain alphanumeric characters and underscores.
Fixes can be deleted with the unfix command.
Note
The unfix command is the only way to turn off a fix; simply specifying a new fix with a similar style will not turn off the first one. This is especially important to realize for integration fixes. For example, using a fix nve command for a second run after using a fix nvt command for the first run, will not cancel out the NVT time integration invoked by the “fix nvt” command. Thus two time integrators would be in place!
If you specify a new fix with the same ID and style as an existing fix, the old fix is deleted and the new one is created (presumably with new settings). This is the same as if an “unfix” command were first performed on the old fix, except that the new fix is kept in the same order relative to the existing fixes as the old one originally was. Note that this operation also wipes out any additional changes made to the old fix via the fix_modify command.
The fix modify command allows settings for some fixes to be reset. See the doc page for individual fixes for details.
Some fixes store an internal “state” which is written to binary restart files via the restart or write_restart commands. This allows the fix to continue on with its calculations in a restarted simulation. See the read_restart command for info on how to re-specify a fix in an input script that reads a restart file. See the doc pages for individual fixes for info on which ones can be restarted.
Some fixes calculate one of three styles of quantities: global, per-atom, or local, which can be used by other commands or output as described below. A global quantity is one or more system-wide values, e.g. the energy of a wall interacting with particles. A per-atom quantity is one or more values per atom, e.g. the displacement vector for each atom since time 0. Per-atom values are set to 0.0 for atoms not in the specified fix group. Local quantities are calculated by each processor based on the atoms it owns, but there may be zero or more per atoms.
Note that a single fix may produces either global or per-atom or local quantities (or none at all), but never more than one of these.
Global, per-atom, and local quantities each come in three kinds: a single scalar value, a vector of values, or a 2d array of values. The doc page for each fix describes the style and kind of values it produces, e.g. a per-atom vector. Some fixes produce more than one kind of a single style, e.g. a global scalar and a global vector.
When a fix quantity is accessed, as in many of the output commands discussed below, it can be referenced via the following bracket notation, where ID is the ID of the fix:
f_ID entire scalar, vector, or array f_ID[I] one element of vector, one column of array f_ID[I][J] one element of array
In other words, using one bracket reduces the dimension of the quantity once (vector -> scalar, array -> vector). Using two brackets reduces the dimension twice (array -> scalar). Thus a command that uses scalar fix values as input can also process elements of a vector or array.
Note that commands and variables which use fix quantities typically do not allow for all kinds, e.g. a command may require a vector of values, not a scalar. This means there is no ambiguity about referring to a fix quantity as f_ID even if it produces, for example, both a scalar and vector. The doc pages for various commands explain the details.
In LAMMPS, the values generated by a fix can be used in several ways:
See this howto section for a summary of various LAMMPS output options, many of which involve fixes.
The results of fixes that calculate global quantities can be either “intensive” or “extensive” values. Intensive means the value is independent of the number of atoms in the simulation, e.g. temperature. Extensive means the value scales with the number of atoms in the simulation, e.g. total rotational kinetic energy. Thermodynamic output will normalize extensive values by the number of atoms in the system, depending on the “thermo_modify norm” setting. It will not normalize intensive values. If a fix value is accessed in another way, e.g. by a variable, you may want to know whether it is an intensive or extensive value. See the doc page for individual fixes for further info.
Each fix style has its own documentation page which describes its arguments and what it does, as listed below. Here is an alphabetic list of fix styles available in LAMMPS. They are also given in more compact form in the Fix section of this page.
There are also additional fix styles (not listed here) submitted by users which are included in the LAMMPS distribution. The list of these with links to the individual styles are given in the fix section of this page.
• adapt - change a simulation parameter over time
• append/atoms - append atoms to a running simulation
• atom/swap - Monte Carlo atom type swapping
• aveforce - add an averaged force to each atom
• ave/atom - compute per-atom time-averaged quantities
• ave/chunk - compute per-chunk time-averaged quantities
• ave/correlate - compute/output time correlations
• ave/histo - compute/output time-averaged histograms
• ave/time - compute/output global time-averaged quantities
• balance - perform dynamic load-balancing
• bond/break - break bonds on the fly
• bond/create - create bonds on the fly
• bond/swap - Monte Carlo bond swapping
• box/relax - relax box size during energy minimization
• deform - change the simulation box size/shape
• deposit - add new atoms above a surface
• drag - drag atoms towards a defined coordinate
• dt/reset - reset the timestep based on velocity, forces
• efield - impose electric field on system
• ehex - ehanced heat exchange algorithm
• enforce2d - zero out z-dimension velocity and force
• evaporate - remove atoms from simulation periodically
• external - callback to an external driver program
• freeze - freeze atoms in a granular simulation
• gcmc - grand canonical insertions/deletions
• gld - generalized Langevin dynamics integrator
• gravity - add gravity to atoms in a granular simulation
• halt - terminate a dynamics run or minimization
• heat - add/subtract momentum-conserving heat
• indent - impose force due to an indenter
• latte - wrapper on LATTE density-functional tight-binding code
• langevin - Langevin temperature control
• lineforce - constrain atoms to move in a line
• momentum - zero the linear and/or angular momentum of a group of atoms
• move - move atoms in a prescribed fashion
• msst - multi-scale shock technique (MSST) integration
• neb - nudged elastic band (NEB) spring forces
• nph - constant NPH time integration via Nose/Hoover
• nphug - constant-stress Hugoniostat integration
• nph/asphere - NPH for aspherical particles
• nph/body - NPH for body particles
• nph/sphere - NPH for spherical particles
• npt - constant NPT time integration via Nose/Hoover
• npt/asphere - NPT for aspherical particles
• npt/body - NPT for body particles
• npt/sphere - NPT for spherical particles
• nve - constant NVE time integration
• nve/asphere - NVE for aspherical particles
• nve/asphere/noforce - NVE for aspherical particles without forces”
• nve/body - NVE for body particles
• nve/limit - NVE with limited step length
• nve/line - NVE for line segments
• nve/noforce - NVE without forces (v only)
• nve/sphere - NVE for spherical particles
• nve/tri - NVE for triangles
• nvt - constant NVT time integration via Nose/Hoover
• nvt/asphere - NVT for aspherical particles
• nvt/body - NVT for body particles
• nvt/sllod - NVT for NEMD with SLLOD equations
• nvt/sphere - NVT for spherical particles
• oneway - constrain particles on move in one direction
• orient/bcc - add grain boundary migration force for BCC
• orient/fcc - add grain boundary migration force for FCC
• planeforce - constrain atoms to move in a plane
• poems - constrain clusters of atoms to move as coupled rigid bodies
• pour - pour new atoms/molecules into a granular simulation domain
• press/berendsen - pressure control by Berendsen barostat
• print - print text and variables during a simulation
• property/atom - add customized per-atom values
• qeq/comb - charge equilibration for COMB potential qeq/dynamic - charge equilibration via dynamic method qeq/fire - charge equilibration via FIRE minimizer qeq/point - charge equilibration via point method qeq/shielded - charge equilibration via shielded method qeq/slater - charge equilibration via Slater method rattle - RATTLE constraints on bonds and/or angles
• reax/bonds - write out ReaxFF bond information recenter - constrain the center-of-mass position of a group of atoms
• restrain - constrain a bond, angle, dihedral
• rigid - constrain one or more clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NVE integration
• rigid/nph - constrain one or more clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NPH integration
• rigid/npt - constrain one or more clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NPT integration
• rigid/nve - constrain one or more clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with alternate NVE integration
• rigid/nvt - constrain one or more clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NVT integration
• rigid/small - constrain many small clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NVE integration
• rigid/small/nph - constrain many small clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NPH integration
• rigid/small/npt - constrain many small clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NPT integration
• rigid/small/nve - constrain many small clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with alternate NVE integration
• rigid/small/nvt - constrain many small clusters of atoms to move as a rigid body with NVT integration
• setforce - set the force on each atom
• shake - SHAKE constraints on bonds and/or angles
• spring - apply harmonic spring force to group of atoms
• spring/chunk - apply harmonic spring force to each chunk of atoms
• spring/rg - spring on radius of gyration of group of atoms
• spring/self - spring from each atom to its origin
• srd - stochastic rotation dynamics (SRD)
• store/force - store force on each atom
• store/state - store attributes for each atom
• temp/berendsen - temperature control by Berendsen thermostat
• temp/csld - canonical sampling thermostat with Langevin dynamics
• temp/csvr - canonical sampling thermostat with Hamiltonian dynamics
• temp/rescale - temperature control by velocity rescaling
• tfmc - perform force-bias Monte Carlo with time-stamped method
• thermal/conductivity - Muller-Plathe kinetic energy exchange for thermal conductivity calculation
• tmd - guide a group of atoms to a new configuration
• ttm - two-temperature model for electronic/atomic coupling
• tune/kspace - auto-tune KSpace parameters
• vector - accumulate a global vector every N timesteps
• viscosity - Muller-Plathe momentum exchange for viscosity calculation
• viscous - viscous damping for granular simulations
• wall/colloid - Lennard-Jones wall interacting with finite-size particles
• wall/gran - frictional wall(s) for granular simulations
• wall/harmonic - harmonic spring wall
• wall/lj1043 - Lennard-Jones 10-4-3 wall
• wall/lj126 - Lennard-Jones 12-6 wall
• wall/lj93 - Lennard-Jones 9-3 wall
• wall/piston - moving reflective piston wall
• wall/reflect - reflecting wall(s)
• wall/region - use region surface as wall
• wall/srd - slip/no-slip wall for SRD particles
## Restrictions
Some fix styles are part of specific packages. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the Making LAMMPS section for more info on packages. The doc pages for individual fixes tell if it is part of a package. | 2018-05-22T19:46:54 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5583330988883972, "perplexity": 6141.262548623352}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 5, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864872.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522190147-20180522210147-00553.warc.gz"} |
https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f1d806025/file/5e8d553516b51c0192d5fae5 | The content is interactive and is based on learning fractions. It helps to understand that multiplying the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same (non-zero) number results in a fraction that is equal to the original fraction. | 2021-07-23T15:23:02 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8210914731025696, "perplexity": 125.98167167438265}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046149929.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20210723143921-20210723173921-00471.warc.gz"} |
http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/blog/isaac-held/page/2/ | # Isaac Held's Blog
## 27. Estimating TCR from recent warming
GISTEMP annual mean surface temperatures (degrees C)
for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Here’s an argument that suggests to me that the transient climate response (TCR) is unlikely to be larger than about 1.8C. This is roughly the median of the TCR’s from the CMIP3 model archive, implying that this ensemble of models is, on average, overestimating TCR
## 26. Relative humidity in “cloud resolving” models
Time and spatially averaged relative humidity profiles from radiative-convective equilibrium simulations with cloud-resolving models. The figure on the left is from Held et al, 1993 and shows results from two simulations differing by 5C in the prescribed surface temperature. That on the right is from Romps 2011 and shows the result of changing the CO2 and adjusting surface temperatures to keep the net flux at the top of the atmosphere unchanged. (Also shown on the right is the observed profile at a tropical western Pacific ARM site.)
Regarding water vapor or, equivalently, relative humidity feedback, we can think of theory/modeling as providing a “prior” which is then modified by observations (trends, interannual variability, Pinatubo response). My personal “prior” is that relative humidity feedback is weak. or, conversely, that the strength of water vapor feedback in our global models is about right.
In justifying this prior, I like to start with the rather trivial argument, already mentioned in the last post, that the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere cannot possibly stay unchanged as the climate cools since many regions will become supersaturated, including the upper tropical troposphere where most of the water vapor feedback is generated.. So to expect specific humidity to remain unchanged as the climate warms requires the present climate to be close to a distinguished point as a function of temperature – the point at which water vapor stops increasing as temperatures increase. Its not impossible that we do reside at such a point, but you’re going to have work pretty hard to convince me of that — it doesn’t strike me as a plausible starting point.
Of course, there is also the community’s collective experience with global atmospheric models over the past several decades. Less familiarly, there is experience more recently with the kind of “cloud-resolving” models (CRMs) discussed in Posts #19-20. I am going to focus on the latter here. This will have the advantage of introducing what I consider to be the physical mechanism that could most plausibly alter the strength of water vapor feedback.
## 25. Relative humidity feedback
Some feedbacks in AR4 models, from Held and Shell 2012. The three red columns on the right provide the traditional perspective: the “Planck feedback”– the response to uniform warming of surface and troposphere with fixed specific humidity ($\lambda_T$), the lapse rate feedback at fixed specific humidity ($\lambda_L$), and the water vapor feedback ($\lambda_Q$). The three blue columns on the left provide an alternative perspective — with the fixed relative humidity uniform warming feedback ($\tilde{\lambda}_T$), the fixed relative humidity lapse rate feedback, ($\tilde{\lambda}_L$), and the relative humidity feedback ($\tilde{\lambda}_H$). The sum of the three terms, shown in the middle black column, is the same from either perspective. Surface albedo and cloud feedbacks are omitted. Each model is a dot.
This is the continuation of the previous post, describing how we can try to simplify the analysis of climate feedbacks by taking advantage of the arbitrariness in the definition of our reference point, or equivalently, in the choice of variables that we use to describe the climate response. There is nothing fundamentally new here — it is just making explicit the way that many people in the field actually think, myself included. And if you don’t like this reformulation, that’s fine — it’s just an alternative language that you’re free to adopt or reject.
## 24. Arbitrariness in feedback analyses
This post is concerned with arbitrariness in the terminology we use when discussing climate feedbacks. The choice of terminology has no affect on the underlying physics, but it can, I think, affect the picture we keep in our minds as to what is going on, and can potentially affect the confidence we have in this picture.
In feedback analyses of a climate response to some radiative forcing, we start with a reference response, the response “in the absence of feedbacks”, and then we look at how this reference response is modified by feedbacks. An electrical circuit analogy often comes to mind, with the reference response analogous to the unambiguous input into a circuit. But the choice of reference response in our problem is ultimately arbitrary. The following is closely based on the introductory section of Held and Shell 2012.
## 23. Cumulative emissions
Schematic of three different idealized global warming scenarios. The time period is roughly 1,000 years and each scenario starts with the CO2 increase and warming from the anthropogenic pulse of emission in the 20th and 21st centuries. On the left, emissions are slowed so that CO2 is maintained at the level reached at the end of this pulse. In the center, emissions are eliminated at the end of the pulse, resulting in slow decay of CO2. On the right, CO2 levels are abruptly returned to pre-industrial levels –perfect geoengineering – a scenario useful for isolating the recalcitrant component of warming discussed in post #8.
If we stop emitting CO2 at some future time $T$ how would surface temperature evolve over the ensuing decades and centuries — ignoring all other forcing agents? This question (or closely related questions) has been looked at using a number of models of different kinds, including Allen et al, 2009, Matthews et al, 2009, Solomon et al, 2009, and Frolicher and Joos, 2010. These models agree on a simple qualitative result: global mean surface temperatures stay roughly level for as long as a millennium, at the value achieved at the time $T$ at which emissions are discontinued, as illustrated schematically in the middle panels above.
Read the rest of this entry »
## 22. Ultra-fast responses
From Held and Zhao 2011, a simulation with an atmospheric model of the change in the number of tropical cyclones that form over each hemisphere and over the globe when sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are raised uniformly by 2C (labelled P2K), when the CO2 is doubled with fixed SSTs, and when SSTs and CO2 are increased together.
Suppose that we have a model of the climatic response to gradually increasing CO2, and we examine the globally-averaged incoming top-of-atmosphere flux, $N$, as a function of time (using a large ensemble of runs of the model to average out internal variability). Letting $\delta$ refer to the difference between two climate states, for example the difference between the climates of 2100 and 2000 in a particular model, we end up looking at an expression like
$\delta N \approx \frac{\partial N}{\partial C} \delta C + \frac{\partial N}{\partial T}\delta T +\frac{\partial N}{\partial X}\delta X$
where $T$ is the global mean surface temperature and $X$ refers to all of the other things on which $N$ depends. Here $C$ is the CO2 concentration, or, to the extend the useful range of this linearization, log(CO2). The forcing $F$ might be defined as $\frac{\partial N}{\partial C} \delta C$. We typically go a step further and write $\delta X = \frac{\delta X}{\delta T} \delta T$ so that we can think of this last term as a feedback, modifying the radiative restoring strength,
$\beta = -\frac{\partial N}{\partial T} -\frac{\partial N}{\partial X}\frac{\delta X}{\delta T}$
i.e, so that $\delta N = F - \beta \delta T$. While this is a formal manipulation that you can always perform if you want to, it is obviously more useful when $\delta X$ is actually more or less proportional to $\delta T$. Ideally, there is a causal chain: $\delta C$ => $\delta T$ => $\delta X$. But what if the change in $X$ due to an increase in CO2 results from some other causal chain that doesn’t pass through the warming of the surface (or the warming of the strongly coupled surface-troposphere system)?
## 21. Temperature trends: MSU vs. an atmospheric model
Lower tropospheric MSU monthly mean anomalies, averaged over 20S to 20N, as estimated by Remote Sensing Systems – RSS (red) and the corresponding result from three realizations of the GFDL HiRAMC180 model (black) using HadISST1 ocean temperatures and sea ice coverage. Linear trends also shown. (Details in the post.)
Motivated by the previous post and Fu et al 2011 I decided to look in a bit more detail at the vertical structure of the tropical temperature trends in a model that I have been studying and how they compare to the trends in the MSU/AMSU data. The model is an atmosphere/land model using as boundary condition the time-evolving sea surface temperatures and sea ice coverage from HadISST1. It is identical to the model that generates the tropical cyclones discussed in Post #2 (and the animation of outgoing infrared radiation in Post #1). It has the relatively high horizontal resolution, for global climate models, of about 50km. Three realizations of this model, starting with different initial conditions, for the period covering 1979-2008, have been provided to the CMIP5 database, and it is these three runs that I will use in this discussion. The model also has prescribed time-evolving well-mixed greenhouse gases, aerosols (including stratospheric volcanic aerosols), solar cycle, and ozone. The atmospheric and land states are otherwise predicted.
## 20. The moist adiabat and tropical warming
Results from a high resolution model of horizontally homogeneous radiative-convective equilibrium, Romps 2011. Left: equilibrium temperature profiles for 3 values of CO2 compared to an observed tropical profile. Right: the temperature differences compared to the response to doubling CO2 in an ensemble of CMIP3 global climate models.
As a moist parcel of air ascends it cools as it expands and does work against the rest of the atmosphere. If this were the only thing going on, the temperature of the parcel would decrease at 9.8K/km. But once the water vapor in the parcel reaches saturation some of this vapor condenses and releases its latent heat, compensating for some of the cooling (you get about 45K of warming from latent heat release when a typical parcel rises from the tropical surface to the upper troposphere). A warmer parcel contains more water vapor when it becomes saturated, so it condenses more vapor as it rises, and temperature decreases with height more slowly. That is, the moist adiabatic lapse rate, $- \partial T/\partial z$, decreases with warming.
To say something about the warming of the tropical atmosphere, rather than that of a moist adiabat, we need to argue that the tropical troposphere is close to a moist adiabat and remains close as it warms. The upper troposphere will then warm more than the lower troposphere. This is precisely what happens in our global climate models. The consistency or inconsistency of this prediction with observations, particularly the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) temperatures, is a long-standing and important issue A failure of the upper troposphere to warm as much as anticpated by this simple argument would signal a destabilization of the tropics — rising parcels would experience a larger density difference with their environment, creating more intense vertical accelerations — affecting all tropical phenomena involving deep convection. I like to refer to warming following the moist adiabat as the most “conservative” possible — having the least impact on tropical meteorology.
## 19. Radiative-convective equilibrium
Animation of horizontally homogeneous non-rotating radiative-convective equilibrium courtesy of Caroline Muller. The model is SAM (System for Atmospheric Modeling) the principal architect of which is Marat Khairoutdinov. Transparent shading is condensate concentration; colors on the surface indicate near-surface air temperature. See text for further description.
The starting point for most of my thinking regarding climate sensitivity is the simple 1-dimensional radiative-convective model introduced by Suki Manabe and Dick Wetherald in 1967. See also Manabe and Strickler, 1964. For an early review of this kind of modeling, see Ramanathan and Coakley, 1978. Sadly, Dick Wetherald passed away very recently; although it is a very small gesture, I would like to dedicate this post to his memory.
## 18. Noise, TOA fluxes and climate sensitivity
A model configuration used to study how temperature variations in the equatorial Pacific force temperature variations in other ocean basins and the land. Figure courtesy of Gabriel Lau.
Consider a simple energy balance model for the oceanic mixed layer (+ land + atmosphere) with temperature $T$ and effective heat capacity $c$. The net downward energy flux at the top-of-atmosphere $R$ is assumed to consist of a radiative relaxation, $- \beta T$, plus some noise, $N$. With imposed flux from the deep ocean to the mixed layer, $S$:
$c \frac{dT}{dt} = R + S = -\beta T + N + S$
The assumption is that there is no external radiative forcing due to volcanoes or increasing CO2, etc. Can we use a simple one-box model like this to connect observations of interannual variability in $R$ and $T$ to climate sensitivity? | 2013-05-19T09:26:18 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 36, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.637387216091156, "perplexity": 1514.9328205425984}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697232084/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094032-00029-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10109492-generalized-deep-learning-approach-local-structure-identification-molecular-simulations | A generalized deep learning approach for local structure identification in molecular simulations
Identifying local structure in molecular simulations is of utmost importance. The most common existing approach to identify local structure is to calculate some geometrical quantity referred to as an order parameter. In simple cases order parameters are physically intuitive and trivial to develop ( e.g. , ion-pair distance), however in most cases, order parameter development becomes a much more difficult endeavor ( e.g. , crystal structure identification). Using ideas from computer vision, we adapt a specific type of neural network called a PointNet to identify local structural environments in molecular simulations. A primary challenge in applying machine learning techniques to simulation is selecting the appropriate input features. This challenge is system-specific and requires significant human input and intuition. In contrast, our approach is a generic framework that requires no system-specific feature engineering and operates on the raw output of the simulations, i.e. , atomic positions. We demonstrate the method on crystal structure identification in Lennard-Jones (four different phases), water (eight different phases), and mesophase (six different phases) systems. The method achieves as high as 99.5% accuracy in crystal structure identification. The method is applicable to heterogeneous nucleation and it can even predict the crystal phases of atoms near external interfaces. more »
Authors:
; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10109492
Journal Name:
Chemical Science
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2041-6520 | 2022-12-01T01:03:49 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8149393796920776, "perplexity": 1551.180114701228}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710777.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130225142-20221201015142-00848.warc.gz"} |
https://championcapitalgroup.com/darbhanga-lok-qwkh/a57840-covariant-derivative-of-covector | The covariant derivative of a basis vector along a basis vector is again a vector and so can be expressed as a linear combination \Gamma^k {\mathbf e}_k\,. (the 4-vector inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation constructed from the 4-scalar D'Lambertian wave operator - the set of four wave equations for and the components of above). Comments. It also gives a relatively straightforward construction of a covariant derivative on a given vector bundle E → M with fiber n = ℝnRn or ℂn. The covariant derivative component is the component parallel to the cylinder's surface, and is the same as that before you rolled the sheet into a cylinder. The covariant derivative provides a geometric (i.e. The transformation that describes the new basis vectors as a linear combination of the old basis vectors is defined as a covariant transformation. When v is a vector field, the covariant derivative \nabla_{\mathbf v}f is the function that associates with each point p in the common domain of f and v the scalar (\nabla_{\mathbf v}f)_p. How it is done, I'm going to explain right now. You should verify that (16.158) exactly reconstructs the inhomogeneous equation for each component of . called the covariant vector or dual vector or one-vector. \frac{\partial\vec\Psi}{\partial x^i} \right|_p : i \in \lbrace1, \dots, d\rbrace\right\rbrace, g_{ij} = \left\langle \frac{\partial\vec\Psi}{\partial x^i} ; \frac{\partial\vec\Psi}{\partial x^j} \right\rangle, \vec V = v^j \frac{\partial \vec\Psi}{\partial x^j}\quad, \quad\frac{\partial\vec V}{\partial x^i} = \frac{\partial v^j}{\partial x^i} \frac{\partial\vec \Psi}{\partial x^j} + v^j \frac{\partial^2 \vec\Psi}{\partial x^i \, \partial x^j}, \frac{\partial^2 \vec\Psi}{\partial x^i \, \partial x^j} = \Gamma^k{}_{ij} \frac{\partial\vec\Psi}{\partial x^k} + \vec n, \nabla_{\partial x^c} = \left\langle \frac{\partial^2 \vec\Psi}{ \partial x^c \, \partial x^a} ; \frac{\partial \vec\Psi}{\partial x^b} \right\rangle + \left\langle \frac{\partial \vec\Psi}{\partial x^a} ; \frac{\partial^2 \vec\Psi}{ \partial x^c \, \partial x^b} \right\rangle, \frac{\partial g_{jk}}{\partial x^i} + \frac{\partial g_{ki}}{\partial x^j} - \frac{\partial g_{ij}}{\partial x^k} = 2\left\langle \frac{\partial^2 \vec\Psi}{\partial x^i \, \partial x^j} ; \frac{\partial\vec \Psi}{\partial x^k} \right\rangle. With a Cartesian (fixed orthonormal) coordinate system we thus obtain the simplest example: covariant derivative which is obtained by taking the derivative of the components. Expert Answer . We start with the definition of what is tensor in a general curved space-time. gww.��_��Dv@�IU���զ��Ƅ�s��ɽt��Ȑ2e���C�cG��vx��-y��=�3�������C����5' The infinitesimal change of the vector is a measure of the curvature. Statistics Varying with another variable quantity in a manner that leaves a... 2. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. We will also define what it means that one of those (vector field, covector field, tensor field) is differentiable. Comments: 11 pages, minor changes, version accepted by … Covariant derivative, when acting on the scalar, is equivalent to the regular derivative. In a curved space, such as the surface of the Earth (regarded as a sphere), the translation is not well defined and its analog, parallel transport, depends on the path along which the vector is translated. A covariant vector is like \lasagna." This coincides with the usual Lie derivative of f along the vector field v. A covariant derivative \nabla at a point p in a smooth manifold assigns a tangent vector (\nabla_{\mathbf v} {\mathbf u})_p to each pair ({\mathbf u},{\mathbf v}), consisting of a tangent vector v at p and vector field u defined in a neighborhood of p, such that the following properties hold (for any vectors v, x and y at p, vector fields u and w defined in a neighborhood of p, scalar values g and h at p, and scalar function f defined in a neighborhood of p): If u and v are both vector fields defined over a common domain, then \nabla_{\mathbf v}\mathbf u denotes the vector field whose value at each point p of the domain is the tangent vector (\nabla_{\mathbf v}\mathbf u)_p. Tensor Analysis. 2 Covariant derivatives. r VY := [D VY]k where D VY is the Euclidean derivative d dt Y(c(t))j t=0 for ca curve in S with c(0) = p;c_(0) = V If the covariant derivative is the Levi-Civita connection of a certain metric then the geodesics for the connection are precisely the geodesics of the metric that are parametrised by arc length. It looks at principal bundles and connections; connections and covariant derivatives; and horizontal lifts. Note that (\nabla_{\mathbf v} {\mathbf u})_p depends only on the value of v at p but on values of u in an infinitesimal neighbourhood of p because of the last property, the product rule. google_ad_height = 90; Covariant Derivative of a Vector Thread starter JTFreitas; Start date Nov 13, 2020; Nov 13, 2020 #1 JTFreitas. It also extends in a unique way to the … Covariant derivative of tensors: axiomatic de nition { We now want to generalize the notion of a gradient to vectors and tensors. For any vector eld V , the contraction V W is a scalar eld. The covariant derivative is required to transform, under a change in coordinates, in the same way as a basis does: the covariant derivative must change by a covariant transformation (hence the name). Show transcribed image text. These are used to define curvature when covariant derivatives reappear in the story. G g ⊥ K xyz . WHEBN0000431848 In this system, mass is simply invariant, ... ...tivistic mass". Given a field of covectors (or one-form) \alpha defined in a neighborhood of p, its covariant derivative (\nabla_{\mathbf v}\alpha)_p is defined in a way to make the resulting operation compatible with tensor contraction and the product rule. This time, the coordinate transformation information appears as partial derivatives of the new coordinates, ˜xi, with respect to the old coordinates, xj, and the inverse of equation (8). Now we can construct the components of E and B from the covariant 4-vector potential. covariant: (kō-vā′rē-ănt) In mathematics, pert. The quantity on the left must therefore contract a 4-derivative with the field strength tensor. Exterior covariant derivative for vector bundles. Generally speaking, the tensor $\nabla ^ {m} U$ obtained in this way is not symmetric in the last covariant indices; higher covariant derivatives along different vector … Full Text Search Details...ic equation at that point is then, m = -cot (Φ). Definition 2.1. /* 160x600, created 12/31/07 */ A vector may be described as a list of numbers in terms of a basis, but as a geometrical object a vector retains its own identity regardless of how one chooses to describe it in a basis. 3. 13 3. Funding for USA.gov and content contributors is made possible from the U.S. Congress, E-Government Act of 2002. Covariant Derivatives of Extensor Fields V. V. Ferna´ndez1, A. M. Moya1, E. Notte-Cuello2 and W. A. Rodrigues Jr.1. Suppose a (pseudo) Riemann manifold M, is embedded into Euclidean space (\R^n, \langle\cdot;\cdot\rangle) via a (twice continuously) differentiable mapping \vec\Psi : \R^d \supset U \rightarrow \R^n such that the tangent space at \vec\Psi(p) \in M is spanned by the vectors, and the scalar product on \R^n is compatible with the metric on M: g_{ij} = \left\langle \frac{\partial\vec\Psi}{\partial x^i} ; \frac{\partial\vec\Psi}{\partial x^j} \right\rangle. That is, we want the transformation law to be Now the co-variant derivative of a mu is the following thing. This question hasn't been answered yet Ask an expert. google_ad_height = 600; and yields the Christoffel symbols for the Levi-Civita connection in terms of the metric: For a very simple example that captures the essence of the description above, draw a circle on a flat sheet of paper. (\nabla_{g{\mathbf x}+h{\mathbf y}} {\mathbf u})_p=(\nabla_{\mathbf x} {\mathbf u})_p g+(\nabla_{\mathbf y} {\mathbf u})_p h, (\nabla_{\mathbf v}({\mathbf u}+{\mathbf w}))_p=(\nabla_{\mathbf v} {\mathbf u})_p+(\nabla_{\mathbf v} {\mathbf w})_p, (\nabla_{\mathbf v} (f{\mathbf u}))_p=f(p)(\nabla_{\mathbf v} {\mathbf u})_p+(\nabla_{\mathbf v}f)_p{\mathbf u}_p. [2][3] This new derivative – the Levi-Civita connection – was covariant in the sense that it satisfied Riemann's requirement that objects in geometry should be independent of their description in a particular coordinate system. At this point, from the vector at this point. While it makes sense to compare a scalar function at di erent points (hence take its gradient), it is less obvious how one should do with vectors, which belong to di erent vector spaces at each point! Alternatively, the covariant derivative is a way of introducing and working with a connection on a manifold by means of a differential operator, to be contrasted with the approach given by a principal connection on the frame bundle – see affine connection. If a vector field is constant, then Ar ;r=0. Thus it has a certain behavior on vector fields that extends that of the usual differential on functions. The definition of higher covariant derivatives is given inductively: $\nabla ^ {m} U = \nabla ( \nabla ^ {m - 1 } U)$. Let us obtain the expression for spinor covariant derivative on 4-dimensional degenerate manifolds whose the nullity degree is 1. google_ad_client = "pub-2707004110972434"; Parallel Translation with Respect to a Covariant Derivative. Anwendungsbeispiele für “covariant derivative” in einem Satz aus den Cambridge Dictionary Labs Formally, given a (pseudo)-Riemannian manifold (M, g) associated with a vector bundle E → M, let ∇ denote the Levi-Civita connection given by the metric g, and denote by Γ(E) the space of the smooth sections of the total space E.Denote by T * M the cotangent bundle of M.Then the second covariant derivative can be defined as the composition of the two ∇s as follows: Travel around the circle at a constant speed. g_{kl} \Gamma^k{}_{ij} = \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{\partial g_{jl}}{\partial x^i} + \frac{\partial g_{li}}{\partial x^j}- \frac{\partial g_{ij}}{\partial x^l}\right). In the case of Euclidean space, one tends to define the derivative of a vector field in terms of the difference between two vectors at two nearby points. After that we will follow a more mathematical approach. Formally, given a (pseudo)-Riemannian manifold (M, g) associated with a vector bundle E → M, let ∇ denote the Levi-Civita connection given by the metric g, and denote by Γ(E) the space of the smooth sections of the total space E.Denote by T * M the cotangent bundle of M.Then the second covariant derivative can be defined as the composition of the two ∇s as follows: google_ad_slot = "6416241264"; Covariant Derivative on a Vector Bundle. V is The curl operation can be handled in a similar manner. By and large, these generalized covariant derivatives had to be specified ad hoc by some version of the connection concept. Covariant derivatives 1. For example, if the same covariant derivative is written in polar coordinates in a two dimensional Euclidean plane, then it contains extra terms that describe how the coordinate grid itself "rotates". As with the directional derivative, the covariant derivative is a rule, \nabla_{\bold u}{\bold v}, which takes as its inputs: (1) a vector, u, defined at a point P, and (2) a vector field, v, defined in a neighborhood of P.[6] The output is the vector \nabla_{\bold u}{\bold v}(P), also at the point P. The primary difference from the usual directional derivative is that \nabla_{\bold u}{\bold v} must, in a certain precise sense, be independent of the manner in which it is expressed in a coordinate system. Informal definition using an embedding into Euclidean space, \vec\Psi : \R^d \supset U \rightarrow \R^n, \left\lbrace \left. the covariant derivative along V , the tangent vector to the curve x(λ). If the basis vectors are constants, r;, = 0, and the covariant derivative simplifies to (F.27) as you would expect. Covariant derivative, parallel transport, and General Relativity 1. The results ( 8.23 ) and ( 8.24 ) show that the covariant differentiation of both contravariant and covariant vectors gives … Define covariant. It also extends in a unique way to the duals of vector fields (i.e., covector fields), and to arbitrary tensor fields, that ensures compatibility with the tensor product and trace operations (tensor contraction). 1 < i,j,k < n, then defining the covariant derivative of a vector field by the above formula, we obtain an affine connection on U. //-->, This article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone. . 2. Question: Q7) The Covariant Derivative Of A Contavariant Vector Was Derived In The Class As да " Da дх” + Ax" Let By Be A Covariant Vector. Full Access. A covariant derivative is a (Koszul) connection on the tangent bundle and other tensor bundles: it differentiates vector fields in a way analogous to the usual differential on functions. We show here and elsewhere ( Torres-Sánchez et al., 2015 ) that the proposed cCFD results in physically meaningful stress fields in complex protein systems modeled with potentials involving up to 5-body interactions. In other words, I need to show that ##\nabla_{\mu} V^{\nu}## is a tensor. World Heritage Encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the World Public Library Association, a non-profit organization. stream This would not happen in Euclidean space and is caused by the curvature of the surface of the globe. Math 396. From this discrete connection, a covariant derivative is constructed through exact differentiation, leading to explicit expressions for local integrals of first-order derivatives (such as divergence, curl, and the Cauchy-Riemann operator) and for L 2-based energies (such as the Dirichlet energy). We show that the covariant derivative of the metric tensor is zero. Question: (3) Prove The Leibniz Rule For Covariant Derivatives Of Vector Fields Along Curves, I.e. >> 3.7 Gravitational Acceleration Given the definition of v as ... ...that, 17 U U (K + G) . (Since the manifold metric is always assumed to be regular, the compatibility condition implies linear independence of the partial derivative tangent vectors.). Homework Statement: I need to prove that the covariant derivative of a vector is a tensor. The covariant derivative of the r component in the q direction is the regular derivative plus another term. Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles. xڭX[��~�_a�IFתx� E_��E7�&A��y� ��c+kI�$�s��>�p(�%6I���3�o.�7w���Nd��Y&����F�,N��2����U�F���Ed�c�Jddڊ&"z�me=��r�ny�x���RmNL�ў�X?�#m�n�u�-4�7B�Jg�i�D��r��y�u�|[7؏-�YD�VD�z4mG26I��[f���V�ё7 ��'2�˙".�ԝ�E�E�٥*.�R�v�[�QFm7ځ��w�"j�i鐑�c�����9�Ry����K�N)��LDžRo�ۓݦI�{��Z;�{H)��Q�k�!�X%�$��o��x����ܶS����p�~q���N�����w�jdʏ?��yvw�^k���Agj[�9��c{[y�Ǯ�.����[��h��~�Z�0�Hg�H��������m�h��{�$L�����$V���7'3�0K�h)n/�~�kk�z? This persistence of identity is reflected in the fact that when a vector is written in one basis, and then the basis is changed, the components of the vector transform according to a change of basis formula. to variation of one variable with another so that a specified relationship is unchanged. Frank E. Harris, in Mathematics for Physical Science and Engineering, 2014. Conventionally, indices identifying the basis vectors are placed as lower indices and so are all entities that transform … Reproduction Date: In mathematics, the covariant derivative is a way of specifying a derivative along tangent vectors of a manifold. The covariant derivative of a tensor field is presented as an extension of the same concept. Motivation Let M be a smooth manifold with corners, and let (E,∇) be a C∞ vector bundle with connection over M. Let γ : I → M be a smooth map from a nontrivial interval to M (a “path” in M); keep In 1950, Jean-Louis Koszul unified these new ideas of covariant differentiation in a vector bundle by means of what is known today as a Koszul connection or a connection on a vector bundle. In differential geometry, the Lie derivative / ˈ l iː /, named after Sophus Lie by Władysław Ślebodziński, evaluates the change of a tensor field (including scalar functions, vector fields and one-forms), along the flow defined by another vector field. If p is a point of S and Y is a tangent vector to S at p , In particular, \dot{\gamma}(t) is a vector field along the curve \gamma itself. Its worth is proportional to the density of noodles; that is, the closer together are the sheets, the larger is the magnitude of the covector. We now redefine what it means to be a vector (equally, a rank 1 tensor). In other cases the extra terms describe how the coordinate grid expands, contracts, twists, interweaves, etc. The covariant derivative Y¢ of Y ought to be ∇ a ¢ Y, but neither a¢ nor Y is defined on an open set of M as required by the definition of ∇. It begins by describing two notions involving differentiation of differential forms and vector fields that require no auxiliary choices. At a slightly later time, the new basis in polar coordinates appears slightly rotated with respect to the first set. is a scalar density of weight 1, and is a scalar density of weight w. (Note that is a density of weight 1, where is the determinant of the metric. Covariant Derivative; Metric Tensor; Christoffel Symbol; Contravariant; coordinate system ξ ; View all Topics. 1 Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computation IMECC-UNICAMP CP 6065 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil 2Departamento de Matem´aticas, Universidad de La Serena Av. Curvature and Torsion. Geodesics of an Affinely Connected Manifold. On the other hand, the covariant derivative of the contravariant vector is a mixed second-order tensor and it transforms according to the transformation law the length of the stick. This is the contraction of the tensor eld T V W . In the special case of a manifold isometrically embedded into a higher-dimensional Euclidean space, the covariant derivative can be viewed as the orthogonal projection of the Euclidean derivative along a tangent vector onto the manifold's tangent space. Even if a vector field is constant, Ar;q∫0. The covariant derivative on the other hand introduces its own change for vectors in a given direction, and it only depends on the vector direction at a single point, rather than a vector field in an open neighborhood of a point. That is, (\nabla_{\mathbf v}\alpha)_p is defined as the unique one-form at p such that the following identity is satisfied for all vector fields u in a neighborhood of p. The covariant derivative of a covector field along a vector field v is again a covector field. Get this Article. %PDF-1.4 Covariant and Lie Derivatives Notation. The quantity in brackets on the RHS is referred to as the covariant derivative of a vector and can be written a bit more compactly as (F.26) where the Christoffel symbol can always be obtained from Equation F.24. OZ���"��(q�|���E����v���G�֦%�R��D6���YL#�b��s}� c���D�L��?�"��� �}}>�e�E��_qF��T�Zf�VK�E��̑:�>�0����~���E���M��?��x�h)iF�G�Gĺ��[�$.�r ��ߵ�mMF* �u�2�,'��������N`с�=գO7���w!�3��? Likewise, the gauge covariant derivative is the ordinary derivative modified in such a way as to make it behave like a true vector operator, so that equations written using the covariant derivative preserve their physical properties under gauge transformations. Consider a dual vector eld W . Covariant Derivative Along a Curve. Notice how the contravariant basis vector g is not differentiated. Political / Social. The covariant derivative is a generalization of the directional derivative from vector calculus. Covariant differential and Riemann tensor. 4 0 obj << (Weinberg 1972, p. 103), where is a Christoffel symbol, Einstein summation has been used in the last term, and is a comma derivative.The notation , which is a generalization of the symbol commonly used to denote the divergence of a vector function in three dimensions, is sometimes also used.. Then we notice that the parallel-transported vector along a closed circuit does not return as the same vector; instead, it has another orientation. Shape modeling. This article presents an introduction to the covariant derivative of a vector field with respect to a vector field, both in a coordinate free language and using a local coordinate system and the traditional index notation. This is important, because when we move to systems where the basis vectors are no longer constants, the gradient operation does not need to be modified in any way. The covariant derivative generalizes straightforwardly to a notion of differentiation associated to a connection on a vector bundle, also known as a Koszul connection. In this chapter we introduce a new kind of vector (‘covector’), one that will be es-sential for the rest of this booklet. Historically, at the turn of the 20th century, the covariant derivative was introduced by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and Tullio Levi-Civita in the theory of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian geometry. (21) dλ dλ We have introduced the symbol ∇V for the directional derivative, i.e. This is called a covariant transformation law, because the covector components transforms by the same matrix as the change of basis matrix. �!M�����) �za~��%4���MU���z��k�"�~���W��Ӊf[B$��u. It is also practice st manipulating indices. You use the first to see how a vector field changes under diffeomorphisms, and the second to see how a vector field changes under parallel transport. is the metric, and are the Christoffel symbols.. is the covariant derivative, and is the partial derivative with respect to .. is a scalar, is a contravariant vector, and is a covariant vector. Exterior Covariant Derivative. In a coordinate chart with coordinates x1;:::;xn, let @ @xi be the vector field generated by the curves {xj = constant;∀j ̸= i}.Then any vector field V can be expressed as Consider the example of moving along a curve γ(t) in the Euclidean plane. We show that for Riemannian manifolds connection coincides with the Christoffel symbols and geodesic equations acquire a clear geometric meaning. The inhomogeneous equations are (recall) (16.156) (16.157) The quantity on the right is proportional to the four current. Covariant components may be calculated from countervariant components using the metric P j= g ijV i and countervariant components may be calculated from one-forms using the inverse metric Vj= gijP i For example: P 1 = g 11V 1 + g 21V 2 = (1)(0:875) + (0:6)(1:875) = 2:0 P 2 = g 12V 1 + g 22V 2 = (0:6)(0:875) + (1)(1:875) = 2:4 2. It was soon noted by other mathematicians, prominent among these being Hermann Weyl, Jan Arnoldus Schouten, and Élie Cartan,[4] that a covariant derivative could be defined abstractly without the presence of a metric. Examples of how to use “covariant” in a sentence from the Cambridge Dictionary Labs Once the covariant derivative is defined for fields of vectors and covectors it can be defined for arbitrary tensor fields by imposing the following identities for every pair of tensor fields \varphi and \psi\, in a neighborhood of the point p: and for \varphi and \psi of the same valence. Note that the antisymmetrized covariant derivative ∇uv − ∇vu, and the Lie derivative Luv differ by the torsion of the connection, so that if a connection is torsion free, then its antisymmetrization is the Lie derivative. When ρ : G → GL(V) is a representation, one can form the associated bundle E = P × ρ V.Then the exterior covariant derivative D given by a connection on P induces an exterior covariant derivative (sometimes called the exterior connection) on the associated bundle, this time using the nabla symbol: ∇: (,) → (, ∗ ⊗). Mesh models. [5] Using ideas from Lie algebra cohomology, Koszul successfully converted many of the analytic features of covariant differentiation into algebraic ones. In particular, Koszul connections eliminated the need for awkward manipulations of Christoffel symbols (and other analogous non-tensorial) objects in differential geometry. In MT, this is something of an enigma, similar to 'covariant mass', (Sec.3.6). We also discuss isocurvature perturbations in the covariant formalism and clarify the relation between the fully non-linear evolution of the curvature covector and that of the curvature perturbation for multiple interacting fluids. If a vector field is constant, then Ar;r =0. Examples of how to use “covariant derivative” in a sentence from the Cambridge Dictionary Labs A vector at a particular time t[7] (for instance, the acceleration of the curve) is expressed in terms of ({\mathbf e}_r, {\mathbf e}_{\theta}), where {\mathbf e}_r and {\mathbf e}_{\theta} are unit tangent vectors for the polar coordinates, serving as a basis to decompose a vector in terms of radial and tangential components. A covariant derivative introduces an extra geometric structure on a manifold which allows vectors in neighboring tangent spaces to be compared. In the 1940s, practitioners of differential geometry began introducing other notions of covariant differentiation in general vector bundles which were, in contrast to the classical bundles of interest to geometers, not part of the tensor analysis of the manifold. The derivative d+/dx', is the irh covariant component of the gradient vector. 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https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/blog_held/42-aqua-planet-hurricanes-and-the-itcz/ | # 42. Aqua-planet hurricanes and the ITCZ
Posted on October 21st, 2013 in Isaac Held's Blog
Zonal (east-west) wind in the lower troposphere (850mb) in two simulations with a 50km resolution atmospheric model with zonally symmetric boundary conditions. Only $180^\circ$ of longitude within the tropics (30S-30N) is shown. The ITCZ is located at $3^\circ N$ in the upper panel and $8^\circ N$ in the lower panel. Simulations described in Merlis et al 2013. (White, Black) => winds from the (west, east). 6 frames/day for 100 days.
The frequency of formation of hurricanes/typhoons has mostly been studied in the past by trying to develop “genesis indices” – empirical relations between the frequency of storm genesis and the larger scale circulation and thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere. But there is an ongoing transition, picking up steam in a number of atmospheric modeling groups around the world, to using global atmospheric models that simulate hurricanes directly to study how genesis is controlled. One goal of this work is to understand how hurricane frequency responds to the warming resulting from increasing greenhouse gases. Posts #2, 10, and 33 describe some of our recent efforts at GFDL along these lines. That work uses models in a comprehensive setting, with a seasonal cycle and realistic distribution of continents. But Tim Merlis, Ming Zhao, Andrew Ballinger and I have started looking at analogous simulations with global models in more idealized settings.
The animation above is from a model described in Merlis et al 2013. The model has no continents, and no seasonal or diurnal cycles, and the ocean is replaced by a stationary slab of water 20 meters thick, providing some heat capacity and a source of water vapor. The temperature of the slab ocean is predicted by the model. Other than the boundary conditions and lack of seasonal forcing, the model is identical to the one that generates the simulations described in post #2 in which sea surface temperatures are prescribed.
We start with a circulation forced symmetrically between Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Tropical rainfall is then localized in an intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) centered on the equator. No hurricanes form in this model configuration despite the fact that the model with realistic boundary conditions generates about the right number. Then, just as in Kang et al 2008 (see post #37), we move a given amount of heat within the ocean from high latitudes of one hemisphere to high latitudes of the other hemisphere, causing the tropical rain belt to move some distance off the equator, allowing hurricanes to form. The animations above show two cases, with the ITCZ located roughly at 3N and 8N. The two runs differ only in the prescribed cross-equatorial heat transport. The sensitivity of hurricane number to perturbations in ITCZ latitude int his model is impressive — about a 40% increase per degree latitude poleward displacement of the ITCZ when the ITCZ is at 8N.
[This increase is genesis as the ITCZ is moved off the equator is related to the magnitude of the vorticity in the larger scale environment, a parameter in all empirical genesis indices. Vorticity is the curl of the velocity field. If a fluid is in solid body rotation, with angular velocity $\vec{ \Omega}$, a vector that points in the direction of the axis of rotation, the vorticity is simply $2 \vec{\Omega}$. But the atmosphere is a thin shell on the surface of a sphere, so it is primarily the radial (locally vertical) component of the vorticity of the solid body rotation that the storms care about, $f = 2 \Omega \sin(\theta)$ where $\theta$ is latitude. $f$ vanishes at the equator and increases linearly as one moves off the equator.]
You sometimes hear the view expressed that there might be some simple, elegant theory for the average number of tropical cyclones that form per year. I guess this conviction is based on the idea that these cyclones play a fundamental role of some kind in maintaining the climate and that you need a certain number, more or less, to fill that role. (Also, the globally averaged number of tropical storms does not seem to vary much from year to year.) I don’t have much sympathy for this view, as I have never understood what this role might be. I think a more plausible hypothesis is that tropical cyclones are the tail of the dog with weak effects on the general circulation as a whole, at least in a climate at all resembling what we have now. These simulations reinforce my view on this. If boundary conditions are idealized and conditions are modified so that the climate is zonally symmetric and the ITCZ lies along the equator, no hurricanes form in the model (there are a few weak storms that spin off midlatitude fronts penetrating into the subtropics). Has the role that these storms are needed to fill somehow changed with this change in boundary conditions?
Another way of eliminating tropical storms in the model is to reduce the heat capacity of the model “ocean”, the depth of the stationary slab of water. If you take a simulation with a realistic number of hurricanes, this number decreases and eventually approaches zero as the depth of this slab ocean approaches zero. The surface that the atmosphere sees in this limit resembles a water saturated land surface — a swamp. A mature tropical cyclone is a strongly damped vortex that is continually extracting energy from the ocean. If the slab depth is too shallow, then, in response to the energy extraction, the surface cools too much to sustain deep convection. (Tropical cyclone statistics seem to converge for slab depths greater than 20m in our model.) The model’s atmospheric climate as a whole changes in only rather modest ways as this heat capacity is decreased – in the absence of a seasonal cycle.
Once we have moved the ITCZ off the equator, we then increase the model temperature with the total solar irradiance or CO2. The number of hurricanes increases – about 15% per $^\circ C$ of tropical warming. This is interesting to us because the number of tropical cyclones or hurricanes tends to decrease (or remain roughly constant) with warming in most models — when they are configured with realistic boundary conditions — and this model is no different. In the idealized model the ITCZ moves further poleward with tropical warming, about 0.6 degrees latitude per $^\circ C$. If we compensate for this poleward movement by decreasing the cross-equatorial heat flux in the ocean by just the right amount, we find that the number of hurricanes does decrease, by about 10% per $^\circ C$ tropical warming. With fixed oceanic heat transport, the increase due to displacement of the ITCZ overcompensates for this reduction.
In these particular idealized simulations, the response of hurricane frequency ($N$) to warming seems to breaks down into three different problems, each involving very different dynamical mechanisms: the dependence of ITCZ latitude on warming, that is, on an increase in insolation or CO2; the dependence of $N$ on warming with fixed ITCZ latitude, and the dependence of $N$ on ITCZ latitude at fixed tropical mean temperature.
There are mechanisms relevant for storm development in more realistic climate configurations that are muted or absent in this aqua-planet setup. But even in this idealized aqua-planet model, work underway by Andrew, Tim, and Ming indicates that there are other characteristics of the tropical circulation besides the ITCZ latitude that help control hurricane frequency. So this is still work in progress.
[The views expressed on this blog are in no sense official positions of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the Department of Commerce.]
## 4 thoughts on “42. Aqua-planet hurricanes and the ITCZ”
1. Tim Merlis says:
I’d like to mention that there is also observational evidence linking interannual variations in Atlantic hurricane activity and meridional displacements of the circulation (e.g., Vimont and Kossin, 2007, DOI: 10.1029/2007GL029683). So there is qualitative agreement about this sensitivity between theory (the role of planetary vorticity mentioned in the post), observations in the Atlantic, and the idealized GCM simulations that we have done. That said, I agree there is more research to be done.
1. While perfect match is not always expected between observations and idealized simulations, your publication is indeed highly intriguing in terms of its relevancy with the observations.
We recently published a paper in which analyses suggest strong links between the variability of ITCZ and hurricane activity in Atlantic basin (DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00802.1. The ITCZ intensify variability, which is represented by a Hadley circulation index (M1), notably has links with a wide spectrum of previously identified factors that impact Atlantic hurricane activity (e.g., PI, VWS, ENSO and AMM).
The meridional displacement of ITCZ, however, seems secondary in the Hadley circulation variations during the hurricane season. We doubt whether the variability of ITCZ position weakens in this season because the overwhelming interhemispheric temperature gradient forcing pushes the ITCZ close to some north “limit” in the current climate. But admittedly the low data resolution (2.5 deg) could be a factor that limits our capability of detecting some meaningful displacement.
After all, the ITCZ position and its precipitation distribution, as noted at the end of your paper, are so closely linked that it seems really hard to separate them elegantly. Agree that there’s a lot more to be done. Special thanks go to your inspiring work!
2. Marty Singh says:
Are my eyes deceiving me or is there a slow, Eastward moving disturbance modulating the tropical cyclone activity in these simulations (particularly the first)? Is this the model’s MJO, or some kind of Kelvin wave? Do you think the strength of this variability has any impact on TC genesis?
1. Isaac Held says:
Andrew Ballinger has looked for this in a similar but not precisely identical aqua-planet model, looking for coherence between equatorial waves and genesis. Not sure where this stands at this point, but a clean result did not emerge initially. Maybe it is easier to see this connection when the ITCZ is closer to the equator, with a more stable flow only marginal conducive to genesis and more overlap of the convection with the equatorial waveguide. So maybe looking at the model shown in the upper panel in this light would be worthwhile. This model with realistic boundary conditions produces a strong moist Kelvin wave but a very weak MJO. But it does seem to have interesting modulation of Eastern Pacific genesis on the 2-4 week time scale (Jiang et al 2012). | 2021-07-24T12:12:09 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 28, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5509681701660156, "perplexity": 1534.3522449290574}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150264.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210724094631-20210724124631-00648.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10300081-retrieval-energy-spectra-all-flavours-neutrinos-from-core-collapse-supernova-multiple-detectors | Retrieval of energy spectra for all flavours of neutrinos from core-collapse supernova with multiple detectors
ABSTRACT We present a new method by which to retrieve energy spectrum for all falvours of neutrinos from core-collapse supernova (CCSN). In the retrieval process, we do not assume any analytic formulas to express the energy spectrum of neutrinos but rather take a direct way of spectrum reconstruction from the observed data; the singular value decomposition algorithm with a newly developed adaptive energy-gridding technique is adopted. We employ three independent reaction channels having different flavour sensitivity to neutrinos. Two reaction channels, inverse beta decay on proton and elastic scattering on electrons, from a water Cherenkov detector such as Super-Kamiokande (SK) and Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), and a charged current reaction channel with Argon from the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) are adopted. Given neutrino oscillation models, we iteratively search the neutrino energy spectra at the CCSN source until they provide the consistent event counts in the three reaction channels. We test the capability of our method by demonstrating the spectrum retrieval to a theoretical neutrino data computed by our recent three-dimensional CCSN simulation. Although the energy spectrum with either electron-type or electron-type antineutrinos at the CCSN source has relatively large error compared to that of other species, the joint analysis with HK more »
Authors:
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10300081
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume:
500
Issue:
1
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
319 to 332
ISSN:
0035-8711
3. Abstract We detail the sensitivity of the proposed liquid xenon DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: pp , $$^7$$ 7 Be, $$^{13}$$ 13 N, $$^{15}$$ 15 O and pep . The precision of the $$^{13}$$ 13 N, $$^{15}$$ 15 O and pep components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $$^{136}$$ 136 Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of pp neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the electroweak mixing angle, \sinmore » | 2022-09-26T22:42:41 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6974121928215027, "perplexity": 2030.9635164991203}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334942.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220926211042-20220927001042-00394.warc.gz"} |
http://hitchhikersgui.de/Symmetric_set | # Symmetric set
Jump to navigation Jump to search
In mathematics, a nonempty subset S of a group G is said to be symmetric if
${\displaystyle S=S^{-1}}$
where ${\displaystyle S^{-1}=\{x^{-1}:x\in S\}}$. In other words, S is symmetric if ${\displaystyle x^{-1}\in S}$ whenever ${\displaystyle x\in S}$.
If S is a subset of a vector space, then S is said to be symmetric if it is symmetric with respect to the additive group structure of the vector space; that is, if ${\displaystyle S=-S=\{-x:x\in S\}}$.
## Examples
• In R, examples of symmetric sets are intervals of the type ${\displaystyle (-k,k)}$ with ${\displaystyle k>0}$, and the sets Z and ${\displaystyle \{-1,1\}}$.
• Any vector subspace in a vector space is a symmetric set.
• If S is any subset of a group, then ${\displaystyle S\cup S^{-1}}$ and ${\displaystyle S^{-1}\cap S}$ are symmetric sets.
## References
• R. Cristescu, Topological vector spaces, Noordhoff International Publishing, 1977.
• W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1973.
This article incorporates material from symmetric set on PlanetMath, which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symmetric_set&oldid=833564763"
This content was retrieved from Wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_set
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article "Symmetric set"; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA | 2018-09-24T02:58:09 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 10, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7834155559539795, "perplexity": 770.2890203237699}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160085.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924011731-20180924032131-00338.warc.gz"} |
https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Ahieber.matthias | # zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Hieber, Matthias
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: hieber.matthias Published as: Hieber, M.; Hieber, Matthias External Links: MGP · Wikidata · GND
Documents Indexed: 113 Publications since 1989, including 8 Books Reviewing Activity: 7 Reviews
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
26 single-authored 15 Prüß, Jan Wilhelm 13 Geissert, Matthias 9 Heck, Horst 7 Giga, Yoshikazu 7 Kashiwabara, Takahito 6 Denk, Robert 5 Hussein, Amru 5 Sawada, Okihiro 4 Arendt, Wolfgang 4 Monniaux, Sylvie 4 Neubrander, Frank 4 Nguyen Thieu Huy 3 Fang, Daoyuan 3 Gries, Mathis Yannik 3 Haller-Dintelmann, Robert 3 Rhandi, Abdelaziz 3 Shibata, Yoshihiro 3 Simonett, Gieri 2 Amann, Herbert 2 Batty, Charles J. K. 2 Galdi, Giovanni Paolo 2 Guidotti, Patrick Q. 2 Han, Bin 2 Hess, Matthias 2 Koch Medina, Pablo 2 Lorenzi, Luca 2 Mahalov, Alex 2 Merino, Sandro 2 Rehberg, Joachim 2 Saal, Jürgen 2 Schnaubelt, Roland 2 Stavrakidis, Kyriakos 2 Titi, Edriss Saleh 2 Wood, Ian Geoffrey 2 Zi, Ruizhao 1 Abe, Ken 1 Bolkart, Martin 1 Bothe, Dieter 1 Campiti, Michele 1 Desch, Wolfgang 1 Dintelmann, Eva Charlotte 1 Disser, Karoline 1 Dore, Giovanni 1 ElMennaoui, Omar 1 Escher, Joachim 1 Fang, Daoyuang 1 Furukawa, Ken 1 Grec, Bérénice 1 Haller, Robert 1 Holderrieth, Albrecht 1 Kajiwara, Naoto 1 Kellerman, Hermann 1 Kress, Klaus 1 Maremonti, Paolo 1 Misiats, Oleksandr 1 Mucha, Piotr Bogusław 1 Murata, Miho 1 Naito, Yuka 1 Nesensohn, Manuel 1 Nicaise, Serge 1 Räbiger, Frank 1 Radkevich, Evgeniĭ Vladimirovich 1 Saito, Hirokazu 1 Schade, Katharina Clara 1 Schrohe, Elmar 1 Schwarz, Céline 1 Seyfert, Anton 1 Stannat, Wilhelm 1 Stanzhytskyi, Oleksandr M. 1 Stinner, Christian 1 Takada, Ryo 1 Tolksdorf, Patrick 1 Venni, Alberto 1 von Below, Joachim 1 Walker, Christoph 1 Wen, Huanyao 1 Wilke, Mathias 1 Wood, Ian A. 1 Wrona, Marc 1 Zacher, Rico 1 Zajączkowski, Wojciech M. 1 Zhang, Ting
all top 5
#### Serials
5 Archiv der Mathematik 5 Mathematische Annalen 4 Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 4 Journal of Differential Equations 4 Mathematische Zeitschrift 4 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 4 Differential and Integral Equations 4 Journal of Evolution Equations 3 Nonlinearity 3 Journal of Functional Analysis 3 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 3 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S 2 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2 Journal of the London Mathematical Society. Second Series 2 Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 2 Mathematische Nachrichten 2 Rendiconti dell’Istituto di Matematica dell’Università di Trieste 2 Communications in Partial Differential Equations 2 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 2 Positivity 2 Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis 2 Oberwolfach Reports 2 Monographs in Mathematics 1 Applicable Analysis 1 Helvetica Physica Acta 1 Journal of Mathematical Physics 1 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta 1 Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze. Serie IV 1 Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure. Quatrième Série 1 Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 1 Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society 1 Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire 1 Forum Mathematicum 1 Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae. New Series 1 SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 1 Advances in Differential Equations 1 The Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications 1 Communications in Applied Analysis 1 Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences. Série I. Mathématique 1 Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics 1 Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze. Serie V 1 RIMS Kôkyûroku Bessatsu 1 Evolution Equations and Control Theory 1 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications 1 Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications
all top 5
#### Fields
91 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 56 Operator theory (47-XX) 43 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 9 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 9 Geophysics (86-XX) 8 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 7 Functional analysis (46-XX) 5 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 5 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 4 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 3 Real functions (26-XX) 3 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 2 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer (80-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 1 Abstract harmonic analysis (43-XX) 1 Integral equations (45-XX) 1 Differential geometry (53-XX) 1 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 1 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 1 Quantum theory (81-XX) 1 Mathematics education (97-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH
86 Publications have been cited 2,069 times in 1,543 Documents Cited by Year
Vector-valued Laplace transforms and Cauchy problems. Zbl 0978.34001
Arendt, Wolfgang; Batty, Charles J. K.; Hieber, Matthias; Neubrander, Frank
2001
$${\mathcal R}$$-boundedness, Fourier multipliers and problems of elliptic and parabolic type. Zbl 1274.35002
Denk, Robert; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2003
Vector-valued Laplace transforms and Cauchy problems. 2nd ed. Zbl 1226.34002
Arendt, Wolfgang; Batty, Charles J. K.; Hieber, Matthias; Neubrander, Frank
2011
Integrated semigroups. Zbl 0689.47014
Kellerman, Hermann; Hieber, Matthias
1989
Heat kernels and maximal $$L^ p$$-$$L^ q$$ estimates for parabolic evolution equations. Zbl 0886.35030
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
1997
Optimal $$L^{p}$$- $$L^{q}$$-estimates for parabolic boundary value problems with inhomogeneous data. Zbl 1210.35066
Denk, Robert; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2007
Integrated semigroups and differential operators on $$L^ p$$ spaces. Zbl 0724.34067
Hieber, Matthias
1992
$$L^p$$-theory of the Stokes equation in a half space. Zbl 0983.35102
Desch, Wolfgang; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2001
$$L^p$$-theory of the Navier-Stokes flow in the exterior of a moving or rotating obstacle. Zbl 1102.76015
Geissert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2006
New thoughts on old results of R. T. Seeley. Zbl 1113.35057
Denk, Robert; Dore, Giovanni; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan; Venni, Alberto
2004
Bounded $$H_ \infty$$-calculus for elliptic operators. Zbl 0799.35060
Amann, Herbert; Hieber, Matthias; Simonett, Gieri
1994
The Navier-Stokes equations on $$\mathbb R^n$$ with linearly growing initial data. Zbl 1072.35144
2005
The Fujita-Kato approach to the Navier-Stokes equations in the rotational framework. Zbl 1190.35175
Hieber, Matthias; Shibata, Yoshihiro
2010
On the equation $$\text{div}\,u=g$$ and Bogovskiĭ’s operator in Sobolev spaces of negative order. Zbl 1218.35073
Geißert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2006
Laplace transforms and $$\alpha$$-times integrated semigroups. Zbl 0766.47013
Hieber, Matthias
1991
$$L^p$$-$$L^q$$ estimates for parabolic systems in non-divergence form with VMO coefficients. Zbl 1169.35339
Haller-Dintelmann, Robert; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2006
Functional calculi for linear operators in vector-valued $$L^p$$-spaces via the transference principle. Zbl 0956.47008
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
1998
Global existence results for Oldroyd-B fluids in exterior domains. Zbl 1234.35195
Hieber, Matthias; Naito, Yuka; Shibata, Yoshihiro
2012
$$L^p$$-theory for strong solutions to fluid-rigid body interaction in Newtonian and generalized Newtonian fluids. Zbl 1282.35273
Geissert, Matthias; Götze, Karoline; Hieber, Matthias
2013
Quasilinear parabolic systems with mixed boundary conditions on nonsmooth domains. Zbl 1221.35194
Hieber, Matthias; Rehberg, Joachim
2008
Global existence results for Oldroyd-B fluids in exterior domains: the case of non-small coupling parameters. Zbl 1314.35097
Fang, Daoyuang; Hieber, Matthias; Zi, Ruizhao
2013
Dynamics of nematic liquid crystal flows: the quasilinear approach. Zbl 1334.35235
Hieber, Matthias; Nesensohn, Manuel; Prüss, Jan; Schade, Katharina
2016
Stokes resolvent estimates in spaces of bounded functions. Zbl 1328.35145
Abe, Ken; Giga, Yoshikazu; Hieber, Matthias
2015
Weak Neumann implies Stokes. Zbl 1253.35099
Geissert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias; Sawada, Okihiro
2012
Maximal $$L^p$$-$$L^ q$$-estimates for the Stokes equation: a short proof of Solonnikov’s theorem. Zbl 1261.35120
Geissert, Matthias; Hess, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Schwarz, Céline; Stavrakidis, Kyriakos
2010
Pseudo-differential operators and maximal regularity results for non-autonomous parabolic equations. Zbl 0937.35195
Hieber, Matthias; Monniaux, Sylvie
2000
Regularized semigroups and systems of linear partial differential equations. Zbl 0789.35075
Hieber, M.; Holderrieth, A.; Neubrander, F.
1992
Integrated semigroups and differential operators on $$L^ p({\mathbb{R}}^ n)$$. Zbl 0697.47038
Hieber, Matthias
1989
Global strong well-posedness of the three dimensional primitive equations in $${L^p}$$-spaces. Zbl 1350.35155
Hieber, Matthias; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2016
A general approach to time periodic incompressible viscous fluid flow problems. Zbl 1334.35231
Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Nguyen, Thieu Huy
2016
The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup in exterior domains. Zbl 1114.47043
Geissert, M.; Heck, H.; Hieber, M.; Wood, I.
2005
Maximal $$L^p$$-regularity for elliptic operators with VMO-coefficients. Zbl 1225.35080
Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2003
Gaussian estimates and holomorphy of semigroups on $$L^p$$ spaces. Zbl 0893.47024
Hieber, Matthias
1996
Linear and semilinear parabolic equations on $$BUC(\mathbb{R}^ N)$$. Zbl 0863.35044
Hieber, Matthias; Koch-Medina, Pablo; Merino, Sandro
1996
$$L^ p$$ spectra of pseudodifferential operators generating integrated semigroups. Zbl 0847.47027
Hieber, Matthias
1995
Nonlinear stability of Ekman boundary layers. Zbl 1197.35193
Hess, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Mahalov, Alex; Saal, Jürgen
2010
Heat-kernels and maximal $$L^p$$-$$L^q$$-estimates: The non-autonomous case. Zbl 0979.35028
Hieber, Matthias; Monniaux, Sylvie
2000
Global properties of generalized Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators on $$L^p(\mathbb R^N, \mathbb R^N)$$with more than linearly growing coefficients. Zbl 1162.47034
Hieber, Matthias; Lorenzi, Luca; Prüss, Jan; Rhandi, Abdelaziz; Schnaubelt, Roland
2009
The Navier-Stokes flow for globally Lipschitz continuous initial data. Zbl 1119.35051
Hieber, Matthias; Rhandi, Abdelaziz; Sawada, Okihiro
2007
On the bidomain problem with FitzHugh-Nagumo transport. Zbl 1395.35115
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2018
Dynamics of the Ericksen-Leslie equations with general Leslie stress. I: The incompressible isotropic case. Zbl 1383.35162
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2017
Global strong $$L^{p}$$ well-posedness of the 3D primitive equations with heat and salinity diffusion. Zbl 1351.35139
Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2016
The $$L^p$$-approach to the fluid-rigid body interaction problem for compressible fluids. Zbl 1336.35293
Hieber, Matthias; Murata, Miho
2015
The spin-coating process: analysis of the free boundary value problem. Zbl 1229.35331
Denk, Robert; Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Saal, Jürgen; Sawada, Okihiro
2011
Strong $$L^p$$-solutions to the Navier-Stokes flow past moving obstacles: The case of several obstacles and time-dependent velocity. Zbl 1156.76016
Dintelmann, Eva; Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias
2009
Boundary values of holomorphic semigroups. Zbl 0869.47025
Arendt, Wolfgang; El Mennaoui, Omar; Hieber, Matthias
1997
Integrated semigroups and the Cauchy problem for systems in $$L^ p$$ spaces. Zbl 0766.47014
Hieber, Matthias
1991
Local and global existence results for the Navier-Stokes equations in the rotational framework. Zbl 1314.35096
Fang, Daoyuan; Han, Bin; Hieber, Matthias
2015
$$L^\infty$$-estimates for parabolic systems with VMO-coefficients. Zbl 1201.35059
Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias; Stavrakidis, Kyriakos
2010
Muckenhoupt weights and maximal $$L^p$$-regularity. Zbl 1108.35100
Haller, Robert; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2003
Operator valued Fourier multipliers. Zbl 0919.47021
Hieber, Matthias
1999
Bounded $$H^{\infty }$$-calculus for the hydrostatic Stokes operator on $$L^p$$-spaces and applications. Zbl 06740482
Giga, Yoshikazu; Gries, Mathis; Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2017
Thermodynamical consistent modeling and analysis of nematic liquid crystal flows. Zbl 1366.76010
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2016
Bounded analyticity of the Stokes semigroup on spaces of bounded functions. Zbl 1338.35364
Hieber, Matthias; Maremonti, Paolo
2016
Second-order parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients in exterior domains. Zbl 1212.35037
Hieber, Matthias; Lorenzi, Luca; Rhandi, Abdelaziz
2007
Dynamics of the Ericksen-Leslie equations with general Leslie stress. II: The compressible isotropic case. Zbl 1415.35230
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2019
On periodic and almost periodic solutions to incompressible viscous fluid flow problems on the whole line. Zbl 1384.35088
Hieber, Matthias; Nguyen, Thieu Huy; Seyfert, Anton
2017
Strong time-periodic solutions to the 3D primitive equations subject to arbitrary large forces. Zbl 1377.35224
Galdi, Giovanni P.; Hieber, Matthias; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2017
Global existence results for the Navier-Stokes equations in the rotational framework in Fourier-Besov spaces. Zbl 1334.35229
Fang, Daoyuan; Han, Bin; Hieber, Matthias
2015
Pointwise upper bounds for the solution of the Stokes equation on $$L_\sigma^\infty(\varOmega)$$ and applications. Zbl 1316.35224
Bolkart, Martin; Hieber, Matthias
2015
Stochastic stability of the Ekman spiral. Zbl 1264.35293
Hieber, Matthias; Stannat, Wilhelm
2013
$$L^p$$ spectral independence of elliptic operators via commutator estimates. Zbl 0930.35058
Hieber, Matthias; Schrohe, Elmar
1999
Diffusive logistic growth on $$\mathbb{R}^ N$$. Zbl 0858.35055
Hieber, Matthias; Koch Medina, Pablo; Merino, Sandro
1996
Spectral theory and Cauchy problems on $$L^p$$ spaces. Zbl 0905.47035
Hieber, Matthias
1994
An operator-theoretical approach to Dirac’s equation on $$L^ p$$-spaces. Zbl 0748.47036
Hieber, Matthias
1991
Analyticity of solutions to the primitive equations. Zbl 07198939
Giga, Yoshikazu; Gries, Mathis; Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2020
Optimal decay rates for solutions to the incompressible Oldroyd-B model in $$\mathbb{R}^3$$. Zbl 1410.35123
Hieber, Matthias; Wen, Huanyao; Zi, Ruizhao
2019
Time periodic and almost time periodic solutions to rotating stratified fluids subject to large forces. Zbl 1404.35012
Hieber, Matthias; Mahalov, Alex; Takada, Ryo
2019
Density-dependent incompressible viscous fluid flow subject to linearly growing initial data. Zbl 1246.35147
Fang, Daoyuan; Hieber, Matthias; Zhang, Ting
2012
Remarks on the $$L^p$$-approach to the Stokes equation on unbounded domains. Zbl 1193.35129
Geissert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias; Sawada, Okihiro
2010
Irreducibility and mixed boundary conditions. Zbl 1145.35061
Haller-Dintelmann, Robert; Hieber, Matthias; Rehberg, Joachim
2008
The model-problem associated to the Stefan problem with surface tension: an approach via Fourier-Laplace multipliers. Zbl 1111.35133
Geissert, Matthias; Grec, Bérénice; Hieber, Matthias; Radkevich, Evgeniy
2006
$$H^\infty$$-calculus for products of non-commuting operators. Zbl 1096.47018
Haller-Dintelmann, Robert; Hieber, Matthias
2005
A characterization of the growth bound of a semigroup via Fourier multipliers. Zbl 0985.47032
Hieber, Matthias
2001
A remark on the abstract Cauchy problem on spaces of Hölder continuous functions. Zbl 0765.34042
Hieber, Matthias; Räbiger, Frank
1992
Bounded $$H^\infty$$-calculus for a class of nonlocal operators: the bidomain operator in the $$L_q$$-setting. Zbl 1450.35152
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2020
The hydrostatic Stokes semigroup and well-posedness of the primitive equations on spaces of bounded functions. Zbl 1434.35096
Giga, Yoshikazu; Gries, Mathis; Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2020
Strong solutions for two-phase free boundary problems for a class of non-Newtonian fluids. Zbl 1396.35049
Hieber, Matthias; Saito, Hirokazu
2017
The Dirichlet problem in convex bounded domains for operators in non-divergence form with $$L^\infty$$-coefficients. Zbl 1212.42032
Hieber, Matthias; Wood, Ian
2007
$$L^p$$-theory of the Navier-Stokes flow in the exterior of a moving or rotating obstacle. Zbl 1136.35440
Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias
2007
Asymptotics of perturbations to the wave equation. Zbl 1047.35017
Hieber, Matthias; Wood, Ian
2003
Heat kernel and maximal $$L^p-L^q$$ estimates: The nonautonomous case. Zbl 0926.34050
Hieber, Matthias; Monniaux, Sylvie
1999
Gaussian estimates and invariance of the $$L^p$$-spectrum for elliptic operators of higher order. Zbl 0895.35070
Hieber, Matthias
1996
$$H^ \infty$$-calculus for second order elliptic operators in divergence form. Zbl 0834.35036
Hieber, M.
1995
On linear hyperbolic systems with multiple characteristics. Zbl 0822.47043
Hieber, Matthias
1995
Heat kernels and bounded $$H^ \infty$$-calculus on $$L^ p$$-spaces. Zbl 0822.47042
Hieber, Matthias
1994
Analyticity of solutions to the primitive equations. Zbl 07198939
Giga, Yoshikazu; Gries, Mathis; Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2020
Bounded $$H^\infty$$-calculus for a class of nonlocal operators: the bidomain operator in the $$L_q$$-setting. Zbl 1450.35152
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2020
The hydrostatic Stokes semigroup and well-posedness of the primitive equations on spaces of bounded functions. Zbl 1434.35096
Giga, Yoshikazu; Gries, Mathis; Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2020
Dynamics of the Ericksen-Leslie equations with general Leslie stress. II: The compressible isotropic case. Zbl 1415.35230
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2019
Optimal decay rates for solutions to the incompressible Oldroyd-B model in $$\mathbb{R}^3$$. Zbl 1410.35123
Hieber, Matthias; Wen, Huanyao; Zi, Ruizhao
2019
Time periodic and almost time periodic solutions to rotating stratified fluids subject to large forces. Zbl 1404.35012
Hieber, Matthias; Mahalov, Alex; Takada, Ryo
2019
On the bidomain problem with FitzHugh-Nagumo transport. Zbl 1395.35115
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2018
Dynamics of the Ericksen-Leslie equations with general Leslie stress. I: The incompressible isotropic case. Zbl 1383.35162
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2017
Bounded $$H^{\infty }$$-calculus for the hydrostatic Stokes operator on $$L^p$$-spaces and applications. Zbl 06740482
Giga, Yoshikazu; Gries, Mathis; Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2017
On periodic and almost periodic solutions to incompressible viscous fluid flow problems on the whole line. Zbl 1384.35088
Hieber, Matthias; Nguyen, Thieu Huy; Seyfert, Anton
2017
Strong time-periodic solutions to the 3D primitive equations subject to arbitrary large forces. Zbl 1377.35224
Galdi, Giovanni P.; Hieber, Matthias; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2017
Strong solutions for two-phase free boundary problems for a class of non-Newtonian fluids. Zbl 1396.35049
Hieber, Matthias; Saito, Hirokazu
2017
Dynamics of nematic liquid crystal flows: the quasilinear approach. Zbl 1334.35235
Hieber, Matthias; Nesensohn, Manuel; Prüss, Jan; Schade, Katharina
2016
Global strong well-posedness of the three dimensional primitive equations in $${L^p}$$-spaces. Zbl 1350.35155
Hieber, Matthias; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2016
A general approach to time periodic incompressible viscous fluid flow problems. Zbl 1334.35231
Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Nguyen, Thieu Huy
2016
Global strong $$L^{p}$$ well-posedness of the 3D primitive equations with heat and salinity diffusion. Zbl 1351.35139
Hieber, Matthias; Hussein, Amru; Kashiwabara, Takahito
2016
Thermodynamical consistent modeling and analysis of nematic liquid crystal flows. Zbl 1366.76010
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2016
Bounded analyticity of the Stokes semigroup on spaces of bounded functions. Zbl 1338.35364
Hieber, Matthias; Maremonti, Paolo
2016
Stokes resolvent estimates in spaces of bounded functions. Zbl 1328.35145
Abe, Ken; Giga, Yoshikazu; Hieber, Matthias
2015
The $$L^p$$-approach to the fluid-rigid body interaction problem for compressible fluids. Zbl 1336.35293
Hieber, Matthias; Murata, Miho
2015
Local and global existence results for the Navier-Stokes equations in the rotational framework. Zbl 1314.35096
Fang, Daoyuan; Han, Bin; Hieber, Matthias
2015
Global existence results for the Navier-Stokes equations in the rotational framework in Fourier-Besov spaces. Zbl 1334.35229
Fang, Daoyuan; Han, Bin; Hieber, Matthias
2015
Pointwise upper bounds for the solution of the Stokes equation on $$L_\sigma^\infty(\varOmega)$$ and applications. Zbl 1316.35224
Bolkart, Martin; Hieber, Matthias
2015
$$L^p$$-theory for strong solutions to fluid-rigid body interaction in Newtonian and generalized Newtonian fluids. Zbl 1282.35273
Geissert, Matthias; Götze, Karoline; Hieber, Matthias
2013
Global existence results for Oldroyd-B fluids in exterior domains: the case of non-small coupling parameters. Zbl 1314.35097
Fang, Daoyuang; Hieber, Matthias; Zi, Ruizhao
2013
Stochastic stability of the Ekman spiral. Zbl 1264.35293
Hieber, Matthias; Stannat, Wilhelm
2013
Global existence results for Oldroyd-B fluids in exterior domains. Zbl 1234.35195
Hieber, Matthias; Naito, Yuka; Shibata, Yoshihiro
2012
Weak Neumann implies Stokes. Zbl 1253.35099
Geissert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias; Sawada, Okihiro
2012
Density-dependent incompressible viscous fluid flow subject to linearly growing initial data. Zbl 1246.35147
Fang, Daoyuan; Hieber, Matthias; Zhang, Ting
2012
Vector-valued Laplace transforms and Cauchy problems. 2nd ed. Zbl 1226.34002
Arendt, Wolfgang; Batty, Charles J. K.; Hieber, Matthias; Neubrander, Frank
2011
The spin-coating process: analysis of the free boundary value problem. Zbl 1229.35331
Denk, Robert; Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Saal, Jürgen; Sawada, Okihiro
2011
The Fujita-Kato approach to the Navier-Stokes equations in the rotational framework. Zbl 1190.35175
Hieber, Matthias; Shibata, Yoshihiro
2010
Maximal $$L^p$$-$$L^ q$$-estimates for the Stokes equation: a short proof of Solonnikov’s theorem. Zbl 1261.35120
Geissert, Matthias; Hess, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Schwarz, Céline; Stavrakidis, Kyriakos
2010
Nonlinear stability of Ekman boundary layers. Zbl 1197.35193
Hess, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias; Mahalov, Alex; Saal, Jürgen
2010
$$L^\infty$$-estimates for parabolic systems with VMO-coefficients. Zbl 1201.35059
Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias; Stavrakidis, Kyriakos
2010
Remarks on the $$L^p$$-approach to the Stokes equation on unbounded domains. Zbl 1193.35129
Geissert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias; Sawada, Okihiro
2010
Global properties of generalized Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators on $$L^p(\mathbb R^N, \mathbb R^N)$$with more than linearly growing coefficients. Zbl 1162.47034
Hieber, Matthias; Lorenzi, Luca; Prüss, Jan; Rhandi, Abdelaziz; Schnaubelt, Roland
2009
Strong $$L^p$$-solutions to the Navier-Stokes flow past moving obstacles: The case of several obstacles and time-dependent velocity. Zbl 1156.76016
Dintelmann, Eva; Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias
2009
Quasilinear parabolic systems with mixed boundary conditions on nonsmooth domains. Zbl 1221.35194
Hieber, Matthias; Rehberg, Joachim
2008
Irreducibility and mixed boundary conditions. Zbl 1145.35061
Haller-Dintelmann, Robert; Hieber, Matthias; Rehberg, Joachim
2008
Optimal $$L^{p}$$- $$L^{q}$$-estimates for parabolic boundary value problems with inhomogeneous data. Zbl 1210.35066
Denk, Robert; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2007
The Navier-Stokes flow for globally Lipschitz continuous initial data. Zbl 1119.35051
Hieber, Matthias; Rhandi, Abdelaziz; Sawada, Okihiro
2007
Second-order parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients in exterior domains. Zbl 1212.35037
Hieber, Matthias; Lorenzi, Luca; Rhandi, Abdelaziz
2007
The Dirichlet problem in convex bounded domains for operators in non-divergence form with $$L^\infty$$-coefficients. Zbl 1212.42032
Hieber, Matthias; Wood, Ian
2007
$$L^p$$-theory of the Navier-Stokes flow in the exterior of a moving or rotating obstacle. Zbl 1136.35440
Geissert, Matthias; Hieber, Matthias
2007
$$L^p$$-theory of the Navier-Stokes flow in the exterior of a moving or rotating obstacle. Zbl 1102.76015
Geissert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2006
On the equation $$\text{div}\,u=g$$ and Bogovskiĭ’s operator in Sobolev spaces of negative order. Zbl 1218.35073
Geißert, Matthias; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2006
$$L^p$$-$$L^q$$ estimates for parabolic systems in non-divergence form with VMO coefficients. Zbl 1169.35339
Haller-Dintelmann, Robert; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2006
The model-problem associated to the Stefan problem with surface tension: an approach via Fourier-Laplace multipliers. Zbl 1111.35133
Geissert, Matthias; Grec, Bérénice; Hieber, Matthias; Radkevich, Evgeniy
2006
The Navier-Stokes equations on $$\mathbb R^n$$ with linearly growing initial data. Zbl 1072.35144
2005
The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup in exterior domains. Zbl 1114.47043
Geissert, M.; Heck, H.; Hieber, M.; Wood, I.
2005
$$H^\infty$$-calculus for products of non-commuting operators. Zbl 1096.47018
Haller-Dintelmann, Robert; Hieber, Matthias
2005
New thoughts on old results of R. T. Seeley. Zbl 1113.35057
Denk, Robert; Dore, Giovanni; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan; Venni, Alberto
2004
$${\mathcal R}$$-boundedness, Fourier multipliers and problems of elliptic and parabolic type. Zbl 1274.35002
Denk, Robert; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2003
Maximal $$L^p$$-regularity for elliptic operators with VMO-coefficients. Zbl 1225.35080
Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2003
Muckenhoupt weights and maximal $$L^p$$-regularity. Zbl 1108.35100
Haller, Robert; Heck, Horst; Hieber, Matthias
2003
Asymptotics of perturbations to the wave equation. Zbl 1047.35017
Hieber, Matthias; Wood, Ian
2003
Vector-valued Laplace transforms and Cauchy problems. Zbl 0978.34001
Arendt, Wolfgang; Batty, Charles J. K.; Hieber, Matthias; Neubrander, Frank
2001
$$L^p$$-theory of the Stokes equation in a half space. Zbl 0983.35102
Desch, Wolfgang; Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
2001
A characterization of the growth bound of a semigroup via Fourier multipliers. Zbl 0985.47032
Hieber, Matthias
2001
Pseudo-differential operators and maximal regularity results for non-autonomous parabolic equations. Zbl 0937.35195
Hieber, Matthias; Monniaux, Sylvie
2000
Heat-kernels and maximal $$L^p$$-$$L^q$$-estimates: The non-autonomous case. Zbl 0979.35028
Hieber, Matthias; Monniaux, Sylvie
2000
Operator valued Fourier multipliers. Zbl 0919.47021
Hieber, Matthias
1999
$$L^p$$ spectral independence of elliptic operators via commutator estimates. Zbl 0930.35058
Hieber, Matthias; Schrohe, Elmar
1999
Heat kernel and maximal $$L^p-L^q$$ estimates: The nonautonomous case. Zbl 0926.34050
Hieber, Matthias; Monniaux, Sylvie
1999
Functional calculi for linear operators in vector-valued $$L^p$$-spaces via the transference principle. Zbl 0956.47008
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
1998
Heat kernels and maximal $$L^ p$$-$$L^ q$$ estimates for parabolic evolution equations. Zbl 0886.35030
Hieber, Matthias; Prüss, Jan
1997
Boundary values of holomorphic semigroups. Zbl 0869.47025
Arendt, Wolfgang; El Mennaoui, Omar; Hieber, Matthias
1997
Gaussian estimates and holomorphy of semigroups on $$L^p$$ spaces. Zbl 0893.47024
Hieber, Matthias
1996
Linear and semilinear parabolic equations on $$BUC(\mathbb{R}^ N)$$. Zbl 0863.35044
Hieber, Matthias; Koch-Medina, Pablo; Merino, Sandro
1996
Diffusive logistic growth on $$\mathbb{R}^ N$$. Zbl 0858.35055
Hieber, Matthias; Koch Medina, Pablo; Merino, Sandro
1996
Gaussian estimates and invariance of the $$L^p$$-spectrum for elliptic operators of higher order. Zbl 0895.35070
Hieber, Matthias
1996
$$L^ p$$ spectra of pseudodifferential operators generating integrated semigroups. Zbl 0847.47027
Hieber, Matthias
1995
$$H^ \infty$$-calculus for second order elliptic operators in divergence form. Zbl 0834.35036
Hieber, M.
1995
On linear hyperbolic systems with multiple characteristics. Zbl 0822.47043
Hieber, Matthias
1995
Bounded $$H_ \infty$$-calculus for elliptic operators. Zbl 0799.35060
Amann, Herbert; Hieber, Matthias; Simonett, Gieri
1994
Spectral theory and Cauchy problems on $$L^p$$ spaces. Zbl 0905.47035
Hieber, Matthias
1994
Heat kernels and bounded $$H^ \infty$$-calculus on $$L^ p$$-spaces. Zbl 0822.47042
Hieber, Matthias
1994
Integrated semigroups and differential operators on $$L^ p$$ spaces. Zbl 0724.34067
Hieber, Matthias
1992
Regularized semigroups and systems of linear partial differential equations. Zbl 0789.35075
Hieber, M.; Holderrieth, A.; Neubrander, F.
1992
A remark on the abstract Cauchy problem on spaces of Hölder continuous functions. Zbl 0765.34042
Hieber, Matthias; Räbiger, Frank
1992
Laplace transforms and $$\alpha$$-times integrated semigroups. Zbl 0766.47013
Hieber, Matthias
1991
Integrated semigroups and the Cauchy problem for systems in $$L^ p$$ spaces. Zbl 0766.47014
Hieber, Matthias
1991
An operator-theoretical approach to Dirac’s equation on $$L^ p$$-spaces. Zbl 0748.47036
Hieber, Matthias
1991
Integrated semigroups. Zbl 0689.47014
Kellerman, Hermann; Hieber, Matthias
1989
Integrated semigroups and differential operators on $$L^ p({\mathbb{R}}^ n)$$. Zbl 0697.47038
Hieber, Matthias
1989
all top 5
#### Cited by 1,378 Authors
46 Hieber, Matthias 46 Lizama, Carlos 44 Shakhmurov, Veli B. 33 Prüß, Jan Wilhelm 24 Ezzinbi, Khalil 23 Miana, Pedro J. 21 Arendt, Wolfgang 18 Kostić, Marko 17 Veraar, Mark C. 16 Magal, Pierre 15 Agarwal, Ravi P. 15 Bobrowski, Adam 15 Giga, Yoshikazu 15 Henríquez, Hernán R. 15 Nečasová, Šárka 15 Tomilov, Yuri 14 Benchohra, Mouffak 14 Keyantuo, Valentin 14 Meerschaert, Mark M. 14 Nguyen Van Minh 14 Rehberg, Joachim 14 Weis, Lutz W. 13 Batty, Charles J. K. 13 Li, Miao 13 Mugnolo, Delio 13 Seifert, David 12 Bu, Shangquan 12 Chill, Ralph 12 Cuevas, Claudio 12 O’Regan, Donal 12 Pilipović, Stevan 12 Schnaubelt, Roland 12 Shibata, Yoshihiro 12 Shimizu, Senjo 12 van Neerven, Jan M. A. M. 11 Fackler, Stephan 11 Geissert, Matthias 11 Rodríguez-Bernal, Aníbal 11 Saal, Jürgen 11 Simonett, Gieri 11 Warma, Mahamadi 11 Wilke, Mathias 10 Abadias, Luciano 10 Baskakov, Anatoliĭ Grigor’evich 10 Bäumer, Boris 10 Cholewa, Jan W. 10 Denk, Robert 10 ElMennaoui, Omar 10 Gesztesy, Fritz 10 Kovács, Mihály 10 Nguyen Thieu Huy 10 Paunonen, Lassi 10 Ponce, Rodrigo F. 10 Pyatkov, Sergei Grigor’evich 10 Zheng, Quan 9 Cai, Gang 9 Dong, Hongjie 9 Kunze, Markus Christian 9 Xiao, Ti-Jun 8 Adimy, Mostafa 8 deLaubenfels, Ralph J. 8 Engel, Klaus-Jochen 8 Fang, Daoyuan 8 Galé, José E. 8 Haase, Markus 8 Kim, Doyoon 8 Kračmar, Stanislav 8 Kunstmann, Peer Christian 8 Liang, Jin 8 Liu, Zhihua 8 Ntouyas, Sotiris K. 8 Peng, Jigen 7 Abe, Ken 7 Chen, Chuang 7 Ducrot, Arnaud 7 Gomilko, Alexandre M. 7 Haller-Dintelmann, Robert 7 Hussein, Amru 7 Kostić, Marco 7 Kotschote, Matthias 7 Li, Buyang 7 Maremonti, Paolo 7 Melnikova, Irina V. 7 Meyries, Martin 7 Nane, Erkan 7 N’Guérékata, Gaston Mandata 7 Poblete, Verónica 7 Prado, Humberto E. 7 Rozendaal, Jan 7 Sawada, Okihiro 7 Takada, Ryo 7 ter Elst, Antonius Frederik Maria 6 Abels, Helmut 6 Basit, Bolis 6 Bothe, Dieter 6 Farwig, Reinhard 6 Favini, Angelo 6 Galdi, Giovanni Paolo 6 Han, Pigong 6 Hishida, Toshiaki ...and 1,278 more Authors
all top 5
#### Cited in 280 Serials
122 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 106 Journal of Differential Equations 71 Journal of Evolution Equations 64 Journal of Functional Analysis 56 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 54 Semigroup Forum 29 Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 28 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 25 Mathematische Annalen 20 Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics 19 Integral Equations and Operator Theory 19 Mathematische Nachrichten 19 Mathematische Zeitschrift 19 SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 19 Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) 18 Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 17 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 16 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 15 Abstract and Applied Analysis 14 Nonlinear Analysis. Real World Applications 13 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 13 Archiv der Mathematik 13 Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis 12 Advances in Mathematics 12 Applied Mathematics Letters 11 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta 11 Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan 11 Acta Applicandae Mathematicae 11 Fractional Calculus & Applied Analysis 10 Applicable Analysis 10 ZAMP. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 10 Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 10 Acta Mathematica Sinica. English Series 10 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S 9 Israel Journal of Mathematics 9 Applied Mathematics and Computation 9 Numerische Mathematik 9 Potential Analysis 9 Positivity 8 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 8 Siberian Mathematical Journal 8 Journal of Integral Equations and Applications 8 Communications in Partial Differential Equations 8 Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série 8 Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations 8 Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations 8 The Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications 8 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B 7 SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 7 MCSS. Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems 7 M$$^3$$AS. Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences 7 Advances in Difference Equations 7 Boundary Value Problems 7 Evolution Equations and Control Theory 6 Studia Mathematica 6 Journal of Approximation Theory 6 Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization 6 Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire 6 Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 6 Annali dell’Università di Ferrara. Sezione VII. Scienze Matematiche 6 Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis 5 Journal d’Analyse Mathématique 5 Journal of Mathematical Physics 5 Nonlinearity 5 Manuscripta Mathematica 5 SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 5 Systems & Control Letters 5 Stochastic Processes and their Applications 5 NoDEA. Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications 5 Complex Analysis and Operator Theory 5 Kinetic and Related Models 5 Afrika Matematika 5 Journal of Elliptic and Parabolic Equations 4 Communications in Mathematical Physics 4 Mathematical Notes 4 Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 4 Chinese Annals of Mathematics. Series B 4 Applied Numerical Mathematics 4 Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems 4 European Series in Applied and Industrial Mathematics (ESAIM): Control, Optimization and Calculus of Variations 4 Journal of Inequalities and Applications 4 Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics 4 Nonlinear Analysis. Hybrid Systems 4 Science China. Mathematics 4 Eurasian Mathematical Journal 4 Journal of Applied Analysis and Computation 4 Journal of Function Spaces 3 Lithuanian Mathematical Journal 3 Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze. Serie IV 3 Indiana University Mathematics Journal 3 International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 3 Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 3 Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 3 Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society 3 Monatshefte für Mathematik 3 Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series A 3 Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 3 Zeitschrift für Analysis und ihre Anwendungen 3 Mathematical and Computer Modelling 3 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section A. Mathematics ...and 180 more Serials
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#### Cited in 49 Fields
908 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 627 Operator theory (47-XX) 316 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 304 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 127 Functional analysis (46-XX) 90 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 88 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 81 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 70 Integral equations (45-XX) 67 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 63 Real functions (26-XX) 63 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 44 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 34 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 29 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 27 Abstract harmonic analysis (43-XX) 24 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 21 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 21 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer (80-XX) 19 Geophysics (86-XX) 14 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 14 Sequences, series, summability (40-XX) 12 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 11 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 9 Special functions (33-XX) 8 Quantum theory (81-XX) 7 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 5 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 5 Differential geometry (53-XX) 5 Statistics (62-XX) 5 Computer science (68-XX) 4 Number theory (11-XX) 4 Potential theory (31-XX) 4 Optics, electromagnetic theory (78-XX) 3 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 3 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 3 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 3 General topology (54-XX) 3 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 2 Measure and integration (28-XX) 2 Several complex variables and analytic spaces (32-XX) 2 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 2 Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX) 2 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 1 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Algebraic geometry (14-XX) 1 Geometry (51-XX) 1 Astronomy and astrophysics (85-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata. | 2021-02-27T04:13:48 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.47155776619911194, "perplexity": 9667.436426266095}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178358064.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20210227024823-20210227054823-00394.warc.gz"} |
https://indico.fnal.gov/event/15949/contributions/34834/ | Indico search will be reestablished in the next version upgrade of the software: https://getindico.io/roadmap/
# 36th Annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
22-28 July 2018
Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center
EST timezone
## Meson correlation functions at high temperature QCD: $SU(2)_{CS}$ symmetry vs. free quarks
Jul 27, 2018, 5:50 PM
20m
Centennial (Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center)
### Centennial
#### Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center
219 S Harrison Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824
Nonzero Temperature and Density
### Speaker
Mr Christian Rohrhofer (University of Graz)
### Description
We report on the progress of understanding spatial correlation functions in high temperature QCD. We study isovector meson operators in Nf=2 QCD using domain-wall fermions on lattices of Ns=32 and different quark masses. It has previously been found that at $\sim 2 T_c$ these observables are not only chirally symmetric but in addition approximately $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(4)$ symmetric. In this study we increase the temperature up to $5T_c$ and can identify convergence towards an asymptotically free scenario at very high temperatures.
### Primary authors
Mr Christian Rohrhofer (University of Graz) Dr Guido Cossu (University of Edinburgh) Prof. Leonid Glozman (University of Graz) Prof. Sasa Prelovsek (University of Ljubljana) Dr Shoji Hashimoto (KEK) Yasumichi Aoki (KEK)
Slides | 2021-10-24T01:59:16 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.23363713920116425, "perplexity": 13037.945605552757}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585837.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20211024015104-20211024045104-00129.warc.gz"} |
https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/actions/CoupledPressureAction.html | # Coupled Pressure Action
## Description
The CoupledPressure Action is used to create a set of pressure boundary conditions for a string of displacement variables; the typical use case for this action is when the pressure is computed in a field variable, for example by a multi-app. See the description, example use, and parameters on the CoupledPressure action system page. | 2018-12-14T02:50:36 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5579781532287598, "perplexity": 1159.8956622322637}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376825349.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214022947-20181214044447-00601.warc.gz"} |
https://control.com/textbook/signal-characterization/material-volume-measurement/ | # Material Volume Measurement
## Chapter 26 - Signal Characterization in Control Systems
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid applications, hydrostatic pressure, radar, ultrasonic, and tape-and-float are just a few of the more common technologies:
These measuring technologies share a common trait: they infer the quantity of material stored in the vessel by measuring height. If the vessel in question has a constant cross-sectional area throughout its working height (e.g. a vertical cylinder), then material height will directly correspond to stored material volume. However, if the vessel in question does not have a constant cross-sectional area throughout its height, the relationship between material height and material volume will not be linear.
For example, there is a world of difference between the height/volume functions for a vertical cylinder versus a horizontal cylinder:
The volume function for a vertical cylinder is a simple matter of geometry – height ($$h$$) multiplied by the cylinder’s cross-sectional area ($$\pi r^2$$):
$V = \pi r^2 h$
Calculating the volume of material stored inside a horizontal cylinder as a function of material height ($$h$$) is a far more complicated matter, because the cross-sectional area is not constant. The solution to this problem is an exercise in integral calculus, the final result being this unwieldy function:
$V = L \left[ (h-r) \sqrt{2hr - h^2} + r^2 \sin^{-1}{(h-r) \over r} + {\pi r^2 \over 2} \right]$
Any instrumentation system inferring stored material volume by measurement of material height in a horizontal cylinder must somehow apply this formula on a continuous basis. This is a prime example of how digital computer technology is essential to certain continuous measurement applications!
Spherical vessels, such as those used to store liquefied natural gas (LNG) and butane, present a similar challenge: the material height/volume function is more complicated than for a vertical cylinder because the cross-sectional area of a spherical vessel changes with height. Once again an exercise in integral calculus is necessary to derive a formula for calculating the stored volume of material inside a sphere based on material height:
Whereas the material volume function for a vertical cylinder is a simple linear formula ($$V = \pi r^2 h$$), the material volume formula for a sphere is a bit more complicated although not as complicated as it is for a horizontal cylinder:
$V = \pi h^2 \left(r - {h \over 3}\right)$
This function will “un-do” the inherent height/volume nonlinearity of a spherical vessel, allowing a height measurement to translate directly into a volume measurement. A “characterizing” function such as this is typically executed in a digital computer connected to the level sensor, or sometimes in a computer chip within the sensor device itself.
An interesting alternative to a formal equation for linearizing the level measurement signal is something called a multi-segment characterizer function, typically implemented as a function block inside a digital loop controller or distributed control system (DCS). This is an example of what mathematicians call a piecewise function: a function made up of line segments. Multi-segment characterizer functions may be programmed to emulate virtually any continuous function, with reasonable accuracy:
The computer correlates the input signal (height measurement, $$h$$) to a point on this piecewise function, linearly interpolating between the nearest pair of programmed coordinate points. The number of points available for multi-point characterizers varies between ten and one hundred832 depending on the desired accuracy and the available computing power.
Although true fans of math might blanch at the idea of approximating an inverse function for level measurement using a piecewise approach rather than simply implementing the correct continuous function, the multi-point characterizer technique does have certain practical advantages. For one, it is readily adaptable to any shape of vessel, no matter how strange. Take for instance this vessel, made of separate cylindrical sections welded together:
Here, the vessel’s very own height/volume function is fundamentally piecewise, and so nothing but a piecewise characterizing function could possibly linearize the level measurement into a volume measurement!
Consider also the case of a spherical vessel with odd-shaped objects welded to the vessel walls, and/or inserted into the vessel’s interior:
The volumetric space occupied by these structures will introduce all kinds of discontinuities into the transfer function, and so once again we have a case where a continuous characterizing function cannot properly linearize the level signal into a volume measurement. Here, only a piecewise function will suffice.
To best generate the coordinate points for a proper multi-point characterizer function, one must collect data on the storage vessel in the form of a strapping table. This entails emptying the vessel completely, then filling it with measured quantities of material, one sample at a time, and taking level readings. The result of this exercise is a data table correlating known volumes of material inside the vessel with measured heights of that material:
Introduced material volume Measured material level
150 gallons 2.46 feet
300 gallons 4.72 feet
450 gallons 5.8 feet
600 gallons (etc., etc.)
750 gallons (etc., etc.)
Each of these paired numbers would constitute the coordinates to be programmed into the characterizer function computer by the instrument technician or engineer:
With this programmed function, the computer is able to infer material volume quite accurately from the height measurement reported by a level transmitter.
Many “smart” level transmitter instruments possess enough computational power to perform the level-to-volume characterization directly, so as to transmit a signal corresponding directly to material volume rather than just material level. This eliminates the need for an external “level computer” to perform the necessary characterization. The following screenshot was taken from a personal computer running configuration software for a radar level transmitter833, showing the strapping table data point fields where a technician or engineer would program the vessel’s level-versus-volume piecewise function:
This configuration window actually shows more than just a strapping table. It also shows the option of calculating volume for different vessel shapes (vertical cylinder is the option selected here) including horizontal cylinder and sphere. In order to use the strapping table option, the user would have to select “Strapping Table” from the list of Tank Types. Otherwise, the level transmitter’s computer will attempt to calculate volume from an ideal tank shape.
Solids material volume measurement poses unique problems over liquid material volume measurement, because solids – unlike liquids – are not self-leveling. A common problem encountered in measuring the level of a solid (chip, granular, or powder) inside a vessel is the angle of repose created when that material forms a pile inside the vessel:
It should be clear from the above illustration that any level sensor detecting the level of the solid material at any one point inside the vessel will usually yield a misleading result because it cannot sense variations in material level across the whole surface. This problem exists regardless of level sensor type (e.g. ultrasonic, radar, tape) so long as that sensor only senses material level at one point. Liquid material applications do not pose this problem because liquids naturally self-level, achieving a relatively flat surface by nature.
A modern solution to this measurement problem is to use an array of echo-based sensors to generate a three-dimensional map of the solid material surface, and then compute material volume based on all height measurements spanning the vessel’s cross-section. One such instrument designed for this purpose is Rosemount’s model 5708 3D Solids Scanner.
Published under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License | 2021-09-26T21:13:22 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6756813526153564, "perplexity": 1414.449474398031}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057973.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926205414-20210926235414-00521.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10380533-new-stellar-companion-gj | A New Stellar Companion to GJ 1292
Abstract
I present the discovery of a new stellar companion to GJ 1292 detected with the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet and Stellar Speckle Imager at the 3.5 m WIYN Telescope. The companion was detected at an angular separation of 0.″1244, a position angle of 44°, and a delta magnitude of 0.97 at 832 nm. I also estimate a projected separation of 2.09 au, a mass ratio of 0.69, and component spectral types of M2.5 and M3.
Authors:
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10380533
Journal Name:
Research Notes of the AAS
Volume:
6
Issue:
11
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
Article No. 242
ISSN:
2515-5172
Publisher:
DOI PREFIX: 10.3847
National Science Foundation
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In order to assess the multiplicity statistics of stars across spectral types and populations in a volume-limited sample, we censused nearby stars for companions with Robo-AO. We report on observations of 1157 stars of all spectral types within 25 pc with decl. >−13° searching for tight companions. We detected 154 companion candidates with separations ranging from ∼0.″15 to 4.″0 and magnitude differences up to Δm$i′≤7$using the robotic adaptive optics instrument Robo-AO. We confirmed physical association from Gaia EDR3 astrometry for 53 of the companion candidates, 99 remain to be confirmed, and two were ruled out as background objects. We complemented the high-resolution imaging companion search with a search for comoving objects with separations out to 10,000 au in Gaia EDR3, which resulted in an additional 147 companions registered. Of the 301 total companions reported in this study, 49 of them are new discoveries. Out of the 191 stars with significant acceleration measurements in the Hipparcos–Gaia catalog of accelerations, we detect companions around 115 of them, with the significance of the acceleration increasing as the companion separation decreases. From this survey, we report the following multiplicity fractions (compared to literature values): 40.9% ± 3.0% (44%) formore »
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Current address: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5â7, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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We present the validation of a transiting low-density exoplanet orbiting the M2.5 dwarf TOI 620 discovered by the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. We utilize photometric data from both TESS and ground-based follow-up observations to validate the ephemerides of the 5.09 day transiting signal and vet false-positive scenarios. High-contrast imaging data are used to resolve the stellar host and exclude stellar companions at separations ≳0.″2. We obtain follow-up spectroscopy and corresponding precise radial velocities (RVs) with multiple precision radial velocity (PRV) spectrographs to confirm the planetary nature of the transiting exoplanet. We calculate a 5σupper limit ofMP< 7.1MandρP< 0.74 g cm−3, and we identify a nontransiting 17.7 day candidate. We also find evidence for a substellar (1–20MJ) companion with a projected separation ≲20 au from a combined analysis of Gaia, adaptive optics imaging, and RVs. With the discovery of this outer companion, we carry out a detailed exploration of the possibilities that TOI 620 b might instead be a circum-secondary planet or a pair of eclipsing binary stars orbiting the host in a hierarchical triple system. We find, under scrutiny, that we can exclude both of these scenarios from the multiwavelength transit photometry, thus validating TOI 620more » | 2023-04-01T02:37:28 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 1, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7220833897590637, "perplexity": 4621.561007731629}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949694.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401001704-20230401031704-00320.warc.gz"} |
https://yearis.com/amicable_numbers/ | # Amicable numbers
### 1727
For example, 1264460 \mapsto 1547860 \mapsto 1727636 \mapsto 1305184 \mapsto 1264460 \mapsto\dots are sociable numbers of order 4. ==== Searching for sociable numbers ==== The aliquot sequence can be represented as a directed graph, G_{n,s}, for a given integer n, where s(k) denotes the sum of the proper divisors of k. Cycles in G_{n,s} represent sociable numbers within the interval [1,n].
### 1750
Euler (1747 & 1750) overall found 58 new pairs to make all the by then existing pairs into 61. == Regular pairs == Let (, ) be a pair of amicable numbers with , and write and where is the greatest common divisor of and .
### 1841
Numbers that are members of an aliquot sequence with period greater than 2 are known as sociable numbers. The first ten amicable pairs are: (220, 284), (1184, 1210), (2620, 2924), (5020, 5564), (6232, 6368), (10744, 10856), (12285, 14595), (17296, 18416), (63020, 76084), and (66928, 66992).
### 1866
The second smallest pair, (1184, 1210), was discovered in 1866 by a then teenage B.
### 1946
Paganini (not to be confused with the composer and violinist), having been overlooked by earlier mathematicians. By 1946 there were 390 known pairs, but the advent of computers has allowed the discovery of many thousands since then.
### 1972
It was extended further by Borho in 1972.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05 | 2023-03-29T07:08:00 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8049893379211426, "perplexity": 2566.269614089436}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948951.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329054547-20230329084547-00447.warc.gz"} |
https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/documentation/GEDR3/Catalogue_consolidation/chap_cu9val/sec_cu9val_944/ssec_cu9val_944_wp944photometry.html | # 7.4.3 Photometric precision and accuracy
We test the Gaia provided passbands by comparing the observed photometry to the the photometry computed using the Hubble stellar standards CALSPEC database (Bohlin et al. 2014, ,2020 April Update) and the Spectrophotometric Landolt Standard Stars of Stritzinger et al. (2005). Correlations with magnitude and colours are looked for.
We compare Gaia photometry to the Hipparcos, Tycho-2, 2MASS (Skrutskie et al. 2006), Landolt standards (Landolt 1983, 1992, 2007, 2009, 2013; Clem and Landolt 2013, 2016), the SDSS tertiary standard stars of (Betoule et al. 2013) and Pan-STARRS1 (Chambers et al. 2016) photometry, selecting low extinction stars only ($A_{0}<0.05$) using the 3D extinction map of Lallement et al. (2019). We check the distribution of a mixed colour index Gaia magnitude minus the external catalogue magnitude versus an external catalogue colour. An empirical robust spline regression is derived which models the global colour-colour relation. The residuals from this model are then analysed as a function of magnitude, colour and sky position. | 2021-02-28T10:51:34 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 1, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6110937595367432, "perplexity": 9029.882744819215}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178360745.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20210228084740-20210228114740-00404.warc.gz"} |
http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/showversion/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013?code=se:312_33&pointInTime=20200723 | ### S-2.1, r. 13 - Regulation respecting occupational health and safety
312.33. Diver’s logbook: The logbook kept by each diver in accordance with section 312.5 must contain the following information and documents:
(1) the diver’s name, address and date of birth;
(2) the training certificates or recognition referred to in sections 312.8 and 312.60; and
(3) the medical certificate referred to in section 312.57.
In addition, the diver must enter the following information in the logbook after each dive:
(1) the name of the employer for which the dive was performed;
(2) the description of the work;
(3) the date and time of the dive;
(4) the diving devices and breathing mixture used;
(5) the maximum depth reached during the dive;
(6) the dive time;
(7) the bottom time;
(8) the water temperature;
(9) the time of ascent and arrival on the surface;
(10) the interval between successive dives;
(11) in the case of a dive from a submerged or pressure vessel, the depth of that vessel as well as its time of arrival and departure; and
(12) any other relevant information, such as weather conditions, currents, emergency simulation, use of a therapeutic recompression or hyperbaric exposure and the protocol carried out.
The diver’s logbook must be available at all times at the diving station.
O.C. 425-2010, s. 3. | 2020-09-27T17:52:14 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9220300316810608, "perplexity": 12602.902634130958}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400283990.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200927152349-20200927182349-00498.warc.gz"} |
https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Ainselberg.alfred | # zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Inselberg, Alfred
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: inselberg.alfred Published as: Inselberg, Alfred; Inselberg, A. External Links: MGP · Wikidata
Documents Indexed: 26 Publications since 1968, including 1 Book
#### Co-Authors
18 single-authored 3 Dimsdale, Bernard 2 Chadwick, Richard S. 1 Dula, Giora 1 Hung, Chao-Kuei 1 von Foerster, Heinz
all top 5
#### Serials
8 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 4 SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 1 American Mathematical Monthly 1 Mathematical Biosciences 1 Kybernetes 1 The Visual Computer 1 Computational Statistics 1 IBM Journal of Research and Development 1 SIAM Review 1 HERMIS-$$\mu\pi$$. Hellenic European Research on Mathematics and Informatics Science
all top 5
#### Fields
11 Computer science (68-XX) 3 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 3 Geometry (51-XX) 3 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 2 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 2 Operator theory (47-XX) 2 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 1 Real functions (26-XX) 1 Special functions (33-XX) 1 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 1 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 1 Integral equations (45-XX) 1 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 1 Statistics (62-XX) 1 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 1 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer (80-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH Open
18 Publications have been cited 87 times in 73 Documents Cited by Year
The plane with parallel coordinates. Zbl 0617.52005
Inselberg, Alfred
1985
On determinants of Toeplitz-Hessenberg matrices arising in power series. Zbl 0379.15003
Inselberg, Alfred
1978
Noncommutative superpositions for nonlinear operators. Zbl 0189.14603
Inselberg, Alfred
1970
Parallel coordinates. Visual multidimensional geometry and its applications. Zbl 1183.68662
Inselberg, Alfred
2009
Visual data mining with parallel coordinates. Zbl 0922.62006
Inselberg, Alfred
1998
Superpositions for nonlinear operators. I: Strong superpositions and linearizability. Zbl 0207.45701
Inselberg, A.
1972
Cochlear dynamics: The evolution of a mathematical model. Zbl 0412.73087
Inselberg, A.
1978
Linear solvability and the Riccati operator. Zbl 0162.10802
Inselberg, Alfred
1968
Phase-plane solutions of Langmuir’s equation. Zbl 0175.09601
Inselberg, Alfred
1969
Mathematical model of the cochlea. I: Formulation and solution. Zbl 0337.76038
1976
Multidimensional lines. I: Representation. Zbl 0799.51017
Inselberg, Alfred; Dimsdale, Bernard
1994
Mathematical model of the cochlea. II: Results and conclusions. Zbl 0337.76039
Chadwick, R. S.; Inselberg, A.; Johnson, K.
1976
Multidimensional lines. II: Proximity and applications. Zbl 0799.51018
Inselberg, Alfred; Dimsdale, Bernard
1994
Visualization of concept formation and learning. Zbl 1090.68562
Inselberg, Alfred
2005
Integrals of $$\left(\prod_{i=1}^{n} x_{i} \right) \exp \left(\prod_{i=1}^{n} x^{i} \right)$$ and the gamma function. Zbl 0196.07802
Dimsdale, B.; Inselberg, A.
1972
Superpositions for nonlinear operators. II: Generalized affine operators. Zbl 0248.47035
Inselberg, Alfred
1973
The geometry of Liapunov functions. Zbl 0295.34042
Inselberg, Alfred; Dula, Giora
1974
Cubic splines with infinite derivatives at some knots. Zbl 0336.65005
Inselberg, A.
1976
Parallel coordinates. Visual multidimensional geometry and its applications. Zbl 1183.68662
Inselberg, Alfred
2009
Visualization of concept formation and learning. Zbl 1090.68562
Inselberg, Alfred
2005
Visual data mining with parallel coordinates. Zbl 0922.62006
Inselberg, Alfred
1998
Multidimensional lines. I: Representation. Zbl 0799.51017
Inselberg, Alfred; Dimsdale, Bernard
1994
Multidimensional lines. II: Proximity and applications. Zbl 0799.51018
Inselberg, Alfred; Dimsdale, Bernard
1994
The plane with parallel coordinates. Zbl 0617.52005
Inselberg, Alfred
1985
On determinants of Toeplitz-Hessenberg matrices arising in power series. Zbl 0379.15003
Inselberg, Alfred
1978
Cochlear dynamics: The evolution of a mathematical model. Zbl 0412.73087
Inselberg, A.
1978
Mathematical model of the cochlea. I: Formulation and solution. Zbl 0337.76038
1976
Mathematical model of the cochlea. II: Results and conclusions. Zbl 0337.76039
Chadwick, R. S.; Inselberg, A.; Johnson, K.
1976
Cubic splines with infinite derivatives at some knots. Zbl 0336.65005
Inselberg, A.
1976
The geometry of Liapunov functions. Zbl 0295.34042
Inselberg, Alfred; Dula, Giora
1974
Superpositions for nonlinear operators. II: Generalized affine operators. Zbl 0248.47035
Inselberg, Alfred
1973
Superpositions for nonlinear operators. I: Strong superpositions and linearizability. Zbl 0207.45701
Inselberg, A.
1972
Integrals of $$\left(\prod_{i=1}^{n} x_{i} \right) \exp \left(\prod_{i=1}^{n} x^{i} \right)$$ and the gamma function. Zbl 0196.07802
Dimsdale, B.; Inselberg, A.
1972
Noncommutative superpositions for nonlinear operators. Zbl 0189.14603
Inselberg, Alfred
1970
Phase-plane solutions of Langmuir’s equation. Zbl 0175.09601
Inselberg, Alfred
1969
Linear solvability and the Riccati operator. Zbl 0162.10802
Inselberg, Alfred
1968
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#### Cited by 139 Authors
4 Inselberg, Alfred 3 Vivona, Doretta 2 Cariñena, José F. 2 Conversano, Claudio 2 Dale, Pat 2 de Lucas, Javier 2 Desai, Anand 2 Friendly, Michael L. 2 López-Pintado, Sara 2 Marron, James Stephen 2 Melnykov, Volodymyr 2 Romo, Juan J. 2 Štajner-Papuga, Ivana 2 Vein, P. R. 2 Vistocco, Domenico 2 Weber, Charles A. 1 Abderramán Marrero, Jesús 1 Agostinelli, Claudio 1 Al-Rawwash, Mohammad Y. 1 Altinisik, Ercan 1 Alvarez-Castro, Ignacio 1 Andrienko, Gennady 1 Andrienko, Natalia 1 Aslam, Tehseen 1 Avan, Jean 1 Averbuch, Amir Z. 1 Ballesteros, Angel 1 Bandaru, Sunith 1 Bertaccini, Daniele 1 Blasco, Alfonso 1 Breuer, Shlomo 1 Broadbridge, Philip 1 Buja, Andreas 1 Bunn, Julian J. 1 Burnside, Robert R. 1 Caraffini, Fabio 1 Chen, Chun-Houh 1 Cohen, K. L. 1 Cook, Dianne 1 Corne, David Wolfe 1 Current, John R. 1 da Silva, Natalia 1 Deb, Kalyanmoy 1 Di Benedetto, Daniela 1 Divari, Maria 1 Dubeau, François 1 Edsall, Robert M. 1 Egli, R. 1 Elmejdani, Said 1 Fanelli, Stefano 1 Forsgren, Nicole 1 Franco-Pereira, Alba M. 1 Galatsky, Peter 1 Givelberg, Edward 1 Goard, Joanna M. 1 Grabowski, Janusz 1 Grosjean, Nicolas 1 Gutjahr, Walter J. 1 Hernandez-Campos, Felix 1 Herranz, Francisco José 1 Honda, Keisuke 1 Huang, Mao Lin 1 Huh, Myung-Hoe 1 Huillet, Thierry E. 1 Hulata, Eyal 1 Hurley, Catherine B. 1 Jeffay, Kevin 1 Jia, Jiteng 1 Keying, Liu 1 Kiesling, Elmar 1 Kim, Jangyoung 1 Kitto, Kirsty 1 Klamkin, Murray Seymour 1 Ko, William 1 Kononova, Anna V. 1 Kozlov, Inna 1 Krawczak, Maciej 1 Kumasaka, Natsuhiko 1 Kwan, Ernest 1 Lang, Duncan Temple 1 Leugering, Günter 1 Lillo, Rosa Elvira 1 Linsen, Lars 1 Locantore, Nicholas W. jun. 1 Lü, Liangfu 1 Maitra, Ranjan 1 Marmo, Giuseppe 1 Merca, Mircea 1 Myachin, A. L. 1 Nakano, Junji 1 Ng, Amos H. C. 1 Öçal, Ahmet Ali 1 Oldford, R. Wayne 1 Pap, Endre 1 Paquete, Luís F. 1 Park, Cheolwoo 1 Park, Dong Yong 1 Peng, Li 1 Porzio, Giovanni C. 1 Quach, Anna ...and 39 more Authors
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#### Cited in 40 Serials
14 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 7 Computational Statistics 7 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 3 European Journal of Operational Research 2 Applied Mathematics and Computation 2 Information Sciences 2 Journal of Multivariate Analysis 2 Linear Algebra and its Applications 1 Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 1 International Journal of General Systems 1 Journal of Computational Physics 1 Journal of Mathematical Biology 1 Linear and Multilinear Algebra 1 Reports on Mathematical Physics 1 Applied Mathematics and Optimization 1 Computing 1 Journal of Differential Equations 1 OR Spektrum 1 Physica D 1 Applied Numerical Mathematics 1 Statistical Science 1 Computers & Operations Research 1 Automation and Remote Control 1 Pattern Recognition 1 SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 1 Test 1 Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 1 Journal of Applied Statistics 1 Biostatistics 1 Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry 1 Journal of Applied Mathematics 1 Stochastic Models 1 International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 1 International Journal of Control, I. Series 1 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society 1 Advances in Data Analysis and Classification. ADAC 1 International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 1 Statistics Surveys 1 Special Matrices 1 Journal of Nonlinear Dynamics
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#### Cited in 24 Fields
24 Statistics (62-XX) 13 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 9 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 8 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 8 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 7 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 7 Computer science (68-XX) 4 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 3 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 3 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 2 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 2 Operator theory (47-XX) 2 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 2 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Combinatorics (05-XX) 1 Number theory (11-XX) 1 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 1 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 1 Real functions (26-XX) 1 Integral equations (45-XX) 1 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 1 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 1 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata. | 2021-09-26T06:31:39 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.2256593406200409, "perplexity": 12541.31990096617}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057830.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926053229-20210926083229-00327.warc.gz"} |
http://ucsdquals.wikidot.com/fall-2006-14-em | Fall 2006 14 Em
An electromagnetic wave
$\bold{E} \left ( \bold{r},t \right ) = Re \left [ \bold{E}_0 e^{\imath ( \bold{k} \cdot \bold{r} - \omega t ) \right ]$
$\bold{B} \left ( \bold{r},t \right ) = Re \left [ \bold{B}_0 e^{\imath ( \bold{k} \cdot \bold{r} - \omega t ) \right ]$
is incident on a plane conducting surface. The wave vector k makes an angle $\theta$ relative to the normal $\hat{\bold{n}}$ to the surface. The wave is polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence, that is E0 is perpendicular to k and $\hat{\bold{n}}$. Determine the radiation pressure (the time-averaged force per unit area) exerted on the surface.
***
Answer
***
Add a New Comment
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Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 License. | 2022-09-28T00:13:08 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.18961064517498016, "perplexity": 565.5821047131527}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335059.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927225413-20220928015413-00606.warc.gz"} |
https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/tutorials/getting-creative-with-the-google-maps-api--webdesign-13380 | # Getting Creative With the Google Maps API
This post is part of a series called The Google Maps API For Designers.
The Google Maps API and Custom Overlays
You’ve designed a shiny new website; carefully selecting the colors, typography and photographs to perfectly reflect the company's branding. Then your client asks you to add a map. Sure, you could use a map building ‘wizard’, such as the one that comes with every google account. But, let’s face it, their functionality is limited and they look pretty generic!
The Google maps API, on the other hand, gives you the freedom to create completely customized maps, which can do all sorts of cool things. The Portsmouth History map is a site I built recently using this API.
This series of tutorials will show you how to create customized maps using the Google maps API. It will involve getting your hands dirty with a bit of JavaScript, but it’ll be worth it.
The tutorials will cover all sorts of things. To name a few: custom map colors, menus and markers; bringing your own map design (e.g. a handrawn map) to life by overlaying it onto a zoomable google map; linking up to the Flickr API; image optimization; responsive design; code optimization and validation. Or, in other words, by the time you're done, not only will you be able to create lovely maps, you’ll also have looked at many things relevant to building any website.
### Scenario
These tutorials use the scenario of a UK company promoting music festivals. The "Final Product" picture above shows the kind of thing we’re aiming for. Take a look at the demo.
Note: Only the Glastonbury marker is 'active' in this example.
Before starting, you may like to download the files associated with this tutorial. I've included a separate html file for each activity.
## What is an API Anyway?
An API, or Application Programming Interface, is a fancy way of saying a set of commands (e.g. functions) a company (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, You Tube, Google) publish. The idea is that you can use these commands to create a highly customized version of their content. For example, in the case of the Google Maps API the 'content' is the maps, whereas in the case of the Flickr API the 'content' is the photos.
When people talk about ‘mash-ups’ they mean they've used the API of two or more companies to combine content, for example making pictures from Flickr appear on a Google map. There are literally thousands of these APIs around; take a look at Programmable Web for more info.
We’ll look at the Flickr API in a later tutorial, but to start with we’ll stay focused on the Google Maps API. This will let you do all sorts of things, including customizing the colors, map markers, pop-up box style, level of detail and zoom level. Not to mention actually making the map do some cool things, such as displaying live data, grouping markers, planning routes, drawing custom overlays, dynamically revealing data .... the list is endless!
## Getting Started With Google Maps
At the risk of pointing out the obvious, to get started you need a Google account. If you don't currently have one, head over to Google and signup.
• Developer's Guide: Code snippets that show you how to use the API functions to do certain things.
• API reference: The full reference list of all the functions in the API. Use this as a kind of 'shopping list' of what you can do using the API. (But bear in mind there are additional libraries that let you do even more. We’ll get to these later).
Before you go any further, you also need an API key (a long sequence of letters and numbers, unique to you). Get your API key here.
OK, you're ready to start building.
To make the provided map work, replace where it says ‘YOUR_API_KEY_GOES_HERE’ with your own API key. Your map should resemble the map shown above.
The basic principal of the code is that it creates a div (called festival-map) into which the JavaScript loads the map. I’ve added comments in the code to explain how it works, but it’s worth highlighting the main bits.
The code first declares your application as HTML5 using the Doctype declaration <!DOCTYPE html>.
It then sets up the styling for the map; the bits between the <style type="text/css"> and </style> tags. You can adapt the styling on the #festival-map id depending on where you want to put your map. If you want a 'full screen' map, then set the width and height to 100 per cent and remove the margins.
Then, skipping over the JavaScript for a moment, the code between the body tags sets up an empty html object, i.e. a div (festival-map) to hold the map. This acts as a kind of 'place holder', into which the JavaScript loads the map.
OK - now looking at the JavaScript - the code first connects to your google maps API key.
It then launches into the JavaScript that creates the map. Quick reminder: JavaScript functions (e.g. loadFestivalMap) are a set of commands that only run when they are called by some other code. This may look complicated, but it’s actually only doing a few things -
• The configuration options (festivalMapOptions) of the map (e.g. the latitude and longitude, zoom levels etc) are set, and an empty JavaScript variable (festivalMap) is created which the map will be assigned to shortly. (Tip: itouchmap is a handy site for looking up latitude and longitude coordinates of any location.)
• Then the loadFestivalMap function is triggered to run by this line:google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', loadFestivalMap);
• This function creates the map, assigning it to the JavaScript variable created for it (ie festivalMap). While doing this, it also applies the configuration options and loads the map into the festival-map div created to hold it.
• Finally, the loadMapMarkers function is triggered into running by the last line of the loadFestivalMap function.
If this makes no sense, take a read through the comments within the full version of the code as they explain it further.
## Images as the Map Markers
By now you should have a map up and running, and with any luck you haven't been too baffled by the JavaScript! Assuming all is well, we can start making the map look a bit more interesting.
It’s easy to use your own images as the map markers. In a similar way to how you set properties options for the map itself (e.g. center, zoom etc. as we did above), you can also alter the properties of the map markers. To use a different image as the map marker, you just need to set the icon property of your map markers. (If you are interested, the google maps API - markers section lists all the map marker properties, methods and events that you can use).
Typically the map markers are .pngs because they allow you to have an irregular shape with a transparent background.
We also need to set the ‘clickable’ area for each marker to ensure the ‘image’ bit of the .png is clickable and the transparent bit isn’t. This is really important if the markers overlap.
You first create the map icon image (markerIconGlastonbury), and then create the map icon shape (markerShapeGlastonbury), and finally you then link both of these to your map marker (markerGlastonbury).
You can download the full html file from the top of this page, or take a look at the live version. For the moment, I’ve just added one map marker…obviously I’ll add more shortly!
Hint: To get the map icon shape coordinates, I inset the icon image into a temporary web page in Dreamweaver, and then use the Polygon Hotspot Tool to get the coordinates, and then copy these coordinates back into my main map page.
### A Quick Note About Z-indexes
Elements, such as map markers, can have both x, y and z coordinates. The z-index is the depth. It determines how elements are ‘stacked’ on top of each other, and hence how they overlap.
If the x and y coordinates of an element are the same, then elements with higher z-indexes are displayed on top of elements with lower z-indexes. (Z-index only works on positioned elements, e.g. relative, fixed or absolute).
So far the map looks OK because by default the Google maps API gives elements appearing lower down the screen a higher z-index, so they appear on top of items slightly further up the screen. E.g. the Isle of Wight icon is on top of the Glastonbury and the Reading festival icons (see picture below).
Later in this tutorial we’ll take a look at how you can change the z-indexes to manipulate how the map markers are displayed.
## Changing the Color and Level of Detail
Though the map is starting to take shape, the default map doesn't really fit with the overall effect I want to achieve. Fortunately, it’s really easy using the API ‘style’ options to customize how the map looks.
I should also say at this point that I just grabbed a few music festivals to illustrate this example. This was somewhat random, and my selection doesn't reflect my opinion - either for or against - any festivals!
### Step 1
Use the JSON wizard to workout how you want your map to look. You can change the colors of pretty much everything, add and remove detail, set the color fill and geometry independently etc. It's worth spending a bit of time getting used to how this works. (In case you are wondering, JSON is just a way of formatting information so a computer can read it.)
### Step 2
When you are happy with the style shown in the JSON wizard preview, click the Show JSON button and copy the code.
### Step 3
Go back to your html document, add a variable just after the opening JavaScript tag to hold this information, then paste in the code.
### Step 4
You need to get your map to treat the information you’ve just added as a map style. Use StyledMapType to do this.
### Step 5
Finally, you need to assign your new style to your map to 'activate' the style.
Please use the link at the start of this tutorial to download a copy of the code for the map so far, or take a look at the live demo for this part of the tutorial. I’ve actually added two styles. One is activated straight away, and the other will be activated when the map is zoomed to give a greater level of detail. (This is explained further below.)
I also couldn't resist adding a background at this point :) Take a look at the body css selector to see how I did this.
## Pop up Boxes and Dynamic Zoom
Okay, it’s now time to make the map actually do something! You could use the built-in Info Window overlay, but they don't look fantastic and they cannot easily be customized. So, instead, we are going to use the Infobox library.
### Step 1
Download a copy of the Infobox library. Unzip it, and store it in a folder close to your map. Then add this line near the top of your html file.
### Step 2
Add z-indexes for each map marker so that the ones nearer the bottom of the screen appear on top of the ones higher up. (i.e. the closer to the bottom of the screen a marker is, the higher its z-index should be.) All will be revealed later as to why you are doing this! For example -
### Step 4
In the code above, you called the function setZoomWhenMarkerClicked. This will zoom the map in when a person clicks on a marker. But not an awful lot will happen until you’ve created this function! This is the function you need to create -
### Step 5
As the map zooms in, the chances are you want to show more detail on your map. This is done by adding an event listener and using the getZoom method to continuously check whether the zoom has been changed. If it has been increased (above level 6), the setMapTypeId method is used to set the second (more detailed) style defined above.
### Step 6
Style your infobox using the css to make it look pretty.
### Step 7
When an infobox has been opened, the map marker is brought to the front. However, if you close the infobox and then zoom the map out to it’s original position, the marker remains in front. This can look weird.
In Step 1 you set the z-index for each marker. You can use this now to fix this problem. You need to create a function (ie. resetZindexes) that resets the z-indexes to their original values, and then add a call to this function (i.e. resetZindexes();) to infobox.js to trigger the function to run when the infobox window is closed.
Go to the link at the top of this page for a copy of the code for the site so far, or take a look at the live version of how it should look by now. I’ve only added the pop-up for Glastonbury. Feel free to add the others yourself!
We are almost there with customizing the look of the map, but before we call it a day we should add a few navigation controls.
Google maps has 12 areas where you can add map controls, banners etc. You can completely customize these areas, adding whatever html etc. you want.
We are going to add a custom banner and navigation on the right hand side of the map.
### Step 1
To get started, first define a function to create the menu. This code extract is rather long…
Quick note about styles: The code above uses the style property of an element to define its styles using JavaScript. To convert CSS properties to their JavaScript notation, you just need to remember that properties which do not have a hyphen stay the same, while those with a hyphen are converted to camelCase, e.g. background-image becomes backgroundImage. The exception is float, which becomes cssFloat.
### Step 2
Then, create a div to hold the menu, and add the menu to this div by calling the function you’ve just created in step 1.
### Step 3
Then set the controls property of your map to add the menu to the relevant location, in this case RIGHT_TOP.
### Step 4
By now you should have something that looks like a custom menu showing on the right hand side of your map. So all that’s left to be done is to get your menu to do something...
Over the course of the next tutorials we'll get the Smaller Events button to reveal photos from Flickr, and the umbrella button to show a sketched rainfall map overlay. (A cliché I know, but we do get a fair bit of rain here during the summer months!)
So to get something functioning in this tutorial, I’ve repeated the above steps to also add a Reset button to the RIGHT_BOTTOM area. This includes wrapping code around the Reset button to call the handelRequests function.
### Step 5
The handelRequests function does a few things - take a look at the comments in the code.
You can get a full copy of the html file for this part of the tutorial from the top of this page, or take a look at the live example. Only the Glastonbury map marker is 'active in this example.
## What Next?
That's it for this tutorial! Hopefully you now have something working which vaguely resembles the picture at the top of this page. If something has gone amiss, take a look through the downloadable files available on GitHub. I've included the code in separate files for each part of this tutorial, so you should be able to work out where it all went wrong.
The next tutorial will look at how you can use the Google maps API to bring your own maps (e.g. a handrawn or historic map) to life, making them zoomable and interactive.
### Image Credits
The photographs used within this tutorial have all been released under the Creative Commons licence. | 2022-09-28T10:40:56 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.19878517091274261, "perplexity": 1450.629267771497}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335190.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220928082743-20220928112743-00148.warc.gz"} |
https://finalfantasy.fandom.com/wiki/Power_Break_(ability) | ## FANDOM
36,667 Pages
You will hurt no one!
—Auron, Final Fantasy X
Power Break (パワーブレイク, Pawā Bureiku?), also known as Wither (攻撃破壊, Kōgeki Hakai?), and Rend Power is an ability that reduces the target's physical power.
## AppearancesEdit
### Final Fantasy IXEdit
Reduces the enemy's Attack Pwr.
—Description
Power Break is one of Steiner's Sword Arts. It costs 8 MP to use, and can be learned for 40 AP from the Diamond Sword.
The formula for Power Break is:
$[(Strength * 75)/100]$[1]
Power Break has a 50% accuracy rate, but can be used repeatedly to lower an enemy's Strength stat.
### Final Fantasy XEdit
Power Break is found on Auron's section of the Sphere Grid and is learned by him by default. It can be taught to an aeon with eight Stamina Springs. It halves the target's Strength and can be cured with Dispel. It costs 8 MP to perform.
#### Final Fantasy X-2Edit
Power Break is used by the Warrior dressphere and takes 30 AP to learn and 4 MP to cast. It can also be used via Lady Luck's Attack Reels by rolling two Swords.
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Final Fantasy X-2. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
### Final Fantasy XIIEdit
Wither is a Technick licensed for 35 LP. It reduces an enemy's strength by 30% plus 1 and the effect stacks.
In the original version, Wither is bought at Balfonheim Port for 3,500 gil. In the Zodiac versions, Wither is found in a treasure in Pharos Subterra in Abyssal North where Vagrant Soul is fought, and has a 10% chance of appearing.
In the Zodiac versions, Wither is learned by Monk, Foebreaker, and Uhlan, although the Uhlan must acquire the license for the Esper Cúchulainn first. When Vossler joins as a guest, he can also use Wither. Thus, the player can get access to the technick early, and take on some hunts with Vossler to make use of it, such as the Rocktoise.
#### Final Fantasy XII: Revenant WingsEdit
Vaan's Steal Strength ability transfers strength from the target to him. Vaan learns it at level 25.
Rend Poweris also an enemy ability that lowers one foe's Strength. It is used by Rinok, Sky Pirate, and Sky Soldier.
### Final Fantasy TacticsEdit
A technique that reduces the target's physical attack power.
—Description
Rend Power (Power Break on the PS) is an ability learned by the Knight job class that reduces the target's Physical Attack stat by 3. Rend Power is learned for 250 JP.
Weakens a target's weapon attacks.
—Description
Powerbreak is used by both Soldiers and Warriors. It weakens an enemy's attack. It is learned for 200 AP from the Barong for the Soldier job and 200 AP for the Warrior job. The amount reduced depends on the level of the user and the level of the target.
#### Final Fantasy Tactics A2: Grimoire of the RiftEdit
Rend Power is used by the Soldier and Warrior classes, which lowers Attack power of a target in Weapon range. It is learned for 250 AP through the Barong for Soldiers, and 250 AP through the Samson Sword for Warriors.
Power Crush is an ability that Raptors can learn from the Samson Sword and is mastered for 250 AP. In addition to lowering the target's Attack power it deals damage to it.
### Final Fantasy Tactics SEdit
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Final Fantasy Tactics S. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
### Final Fantasy: The 4 Heroes of LightEdit
The Scholar's Quell ability halves the enemies' attack power for three turns at the cost of two AP. Quell is the Scholar's default job ability. The Scholar's ultimate ability, Tame, reduces the enemies' attack power to 1, but it only works for one turn.
### Bravely DefaultEdit
Defang is the job level 10 ability for the Pirate. It deals the same damage as a conventional attack to one target, and for four turns, lowers the target's physical attack by 25%. The lower limit for P.Atk is 75%. It costs 9 MP to use.
#### Bravely Second: End Layer Edit
Defang is the job level 7 command ability for the Pirate. It allows the user to deal the same damage as a conventional attack to one target, and for four turns, lower the target's P.Atk by 25%. The lower limit for P.Atk is 75%. It costs 9 MP to use.
### Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera OmniaEdit
Power Break (IX) is an HP attack for Steiner. It consists of a 3-hit melee attack and an HP attack. It has a fair chance of inflicting ATK Down I on a target for 2 turns. It deals extra damage against humanoid types.
### Pictlogica Final FantasyEdit
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Pictlogica Final Fantasy. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
#### Pictlogica Final Fantasy ≒Edit
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Pictlogica Final Fantasy ≒. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Final Fantasy Airborne Brigade. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
### Final Fantasy ArtniksEdit
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Final Fantasy Artniks. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
### Final Fantasy Record KeeperEdit
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Final Fantasy Record Keeper. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
### Final Fantasy Brave ExviusEdit
Damage and reduce ATK for one enemy
—Description
This article or section is a stub about an ability in Final Fantasy Brave Exvius. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by expanding it.
## GalleryEdit
This gallery is incomplete and requires Final Fantasy VII and Final Fantasy XII: Revenant Wings added. You can help the Final Fantasy Wiki by uploading images.
## ReferencesEdit
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. | 2019-09-23T02:35:59 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5238739252090454, "perplexity": 8869.305702270396}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575860.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190923022706-20190923044706-00381.warc.gz"} |
https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/distribution-rhyolites-erupted-after-formation-yellowstone-c | # distribution of rhyolites erupted after the formation of Yellowstone c
### Detailed Description
Map of Yellowstone caldera showing the distribution of rhyolites erupted after the formation of Yellowstone caldera and basalts erupted outside the caldera.
Public Domain. | 2022-01-19T08:33:59 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8941251635551453, "perplexity": 3726.383400747481}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301264.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220119064554-20220119094554-00665.warc.gz"} |
https://www.anl.gov/education/science-undergraduate-laboratory-internship | # Argonne National Laboratory
Education and Outreach Programs
The Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program encourages undergraduate students to pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers by providing research internships at one of 15 participating DOE laboratories.
Under the guidance of laboratory staff scientists or engineers, students perform research on projects supporting the Department of Energy (DOE)‘s mission. This work is supported through the DOE’s Office of Science Workforce Development for Teachers and Students Office (WDTS).
### Overview
Internship opportunities are available during the following terms: Summer (10 weeks), Fall (15 weeks), and Spring (15 weeks). Applications are solicited annually three times a year through the DOE website for each of the terms. Each DOE laboratory offers different research opportunities; not all DOE laboratories offer internships during the Fall and Spring Terms.
A typical experience starts with students spending the first week with an Argonne supervising staff member devising a research strategy and attending mandatory safety classes. For the next few weeks, the supervisor will provide considerable program assistance and guidance. Subsequently, the student will be expected to complete a pre and post-survey, an oral or poster presentation, a 15003000-word research report, and a one-page peer review. In addition to their research activities, participants are provided tours of the facilities and attend a series of seminars in current topics in science and engineering as well as career development.
### Application Requirements
• Must be currently enrolled full-time at an accredited U.S. institution and completed at least one year as a matriculated undergraduate student at the time of applying.
• Submit two (2) letters of recommendation.
• Undergraduate cumulative minimum grade point average (GPA) of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale.
• 18 years or older at the time the internship begins.
• U.S. citizen or Legal Permanent Resident at the time of applying.
• Pass a screening drug test.
• Argonne employees, and certain guest researchers and contractors, are subject to particular restrictions related to participation in Foreign Government Talent Recruitment Programs, as defined and detailed in United States Department of Energy Order 486.1. You will be asked to disclose any such participation in the application phase for review by Argonne’s Legal Department. | 2020-09-27T19:47:22 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.21754859387874603, "perplexity": 6146.596852763499}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401578485.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20200927183616-20200927213616-00311.warc.gz"} |
https://control.com/textbook/process-safety-and-instrumentation/classified-areas-and-electrical-safety-measures/ | # Classified Areas and Electrical Safety Measures
## Chapter 16 - Industrial Process Safety and Instrumentation
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of flammable process matter suspended in the air is called a hazardous or classified location. In this context, the label “hazardous” specifically refers to the hazard of explosion, not of other health or safety hazards.
### Classified area taxonomy
In the United States, the National Electrical Code (NEC) published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) defines different categories of “classified” industrial areas and prescribes safe electrical system design practices for those areas. Article 500 of the NEC categorizes classified areas into a system of Classes and Divisions. Articles 505 and 506 of the NEC provide alternative categorizations for classified areas based on Zones that is more closely aligned with European safety standards.
The Class and Division taxonomy defines classified areas in terms of hazard type and hazard probability. Each “Class” contains (or may contain) different types of potentially explosive substances: Class I is for gases or vapors, Class II is for combustible dusts, and Class III is for flammable fibers. The three-fold class designation is roughly scaled on the size of the flammable particles, with Class I being the smallest (gas or vapor molecules) and Class III being the largest (fibers of solid matter). Each “Division” ranks a classified area according to the likelihood of explosive gases, dusts, or fibers being present. Division 1 areas are those where explosive concentrations can or do exist under normal operating conditions. Division 2 areas are those where explosive concentrations only exist infrequently or under abnormal conditions.
The “Zone” method of area classifications defined in Article 505 of the National Electrical Code applies to Class I (explosive gas or vapor) applications, but the three-fold Zone ranks (0, 1, and 2) are analogous to Divisions in their rating of explosive concentration probabilities. Zone 0 defines areas where explosive concentrations are continually present or normally present for long periods of time. Zone 1 defines areas where those concentrations may be present under normal operating conditions, but not as frequently as Zone 0. Zone 2 defines areas where explosive concentrations are unlikely under normal operating conditions, and when present do not exist for substantial periods of time. This three-fold Zone taxonomy may be thought of as expansion on the two-fold Division system, where Zones 0 and 1 are sub-categories of Division 1 areas, and Zone 2 is nearly equivalent to a Division 2 area. A similar three-zone taxonomy for Class II and Class III applications is defined in Article 506 of the National Electrical Code, the zone ranks for these dust and fiber hazards numbered 20, 21, and 22 (and having analogous meanings to zones 0, 1, and 2 for Class I applications).
An example of a classified area common to most peoples’ experience is a vehicle refueling station. Being a (potentially) explosive vapor, the hazard in question here is deemed Class I. The Division rating varies with proximity to the fume source. For an upward-discharging vent pipe from an underground gasoline storage tank, the area is rated as Division 1 within 900 millimeters (3 feet) from the vent hole. Between 3 feet and 5 feet away from the vent, the area is rated as Division 2. In relation to an outdoor fuel pump (dispenser), the space internal to the pump enclosure is rated Division 1, and any space up to 18 inches from grade level and up to 20 feet away (horizontally) from the pump is rated Division 2.
Within Class I and Class II (but not Class III), the National Electrical Code further sub-divides hazards according to explosive properties called Groups. Each group is defined either according to a substance type, or according to specific ignition criteria. Ignition criteria listed in the National Electrical Code (Article 500) include the maximum experimental safe gap (MESG) and the minimum ignition current ratio (MICR). The MESG is based on a test where two hollow hemispheres separated by a small gap enclose both an explosive air/fuel mixture and an ignition source. Tests are performed with this apparatus to determine the maximum gap width between the hemispheres that will not permit the excursion of flame from an explosion within the hemispheres triggered by the ignition source. The MICR is the ratio of electrical ignition current for an explosive air/fuel mixture compared to an optimum mixture of methane and air. The smaller of either these two values, the more dangerous the explosive substance is.
Class I substances are grouped according to their respective MESG and MICR values, with typical gas types given for each group:
Group Typical substance Safe gap & Ignition current
A Acetylene
B Hydrogen MESG $\leq$ 0.45 mm MICR $\leq$ 0.40
C Ethylene 0.45 mm $<$ MESG $\leq$ 0.75 mm 0.40 $<$ MICR $\leq$ 0.80
D Propane 0.75 mm $<$ MESG 0.80 $<$ MICR
Class II substances are grouped according to material type:
Group Substances
E Metal dusts
F Carbon-based dusts
G Other dusts (wood, grain, flour, plastic, etc.)
Just to make things confusing, the Class/Zone system described in NEC Article 505 uses a completely different lettering order to describe gas and vapor groups (at the time of this writing there is no grouping of dust or fiber types for the zone system described in Article 506 of the NEC):
Group Typical substance(s) Safe gap & Ignition current
IIC Acetylene, Hydrogen MESG $\leq$ 0.50 mm MICR $\leq$ 0.45
IIB Ethylene 0.50 mm $<$ MESG $\leq$ 0.90 mm 0.45 $<$ MICR $\leq$ 0.80
IIA Acetone, Propane 0.90 mm $<$ MESG 0.80 $<$ MICR
### Explosive limits
In order to have combustion (an explosion being a particularly aggressive form of combustion), certain basic criteria must be satisfied: a proper oxidizer/fuel ratio, sufficient energy for ignition, and the potential for a self-sustaining chemical reaction (i.e. the absence of any chemical inhibitors). We may show these criteria in the form of a fire triangle, the concept being that removing any of these three critical elements renders a fire (or explosion) impossible:
The fire triangle serves as a qualitative guide for preventing fires and explosions, but it does not give sufficient information to tell us if the necessary conditions exist to support a fire or explosion. In order for a fire or explosion to occur, we need to have an adequate mixture of fuel and oxidizer in the correct proportions, and a source of ignition energy exceeding a certain minimum threshold.
Suppose we had a laboratory test chamber filled with a mixture of acetone vapor (70% by volume) and air at room temperature, with an electrical spark gap providing convenient ignition. No matter how energetic the spark, this mixture would not explode, because there is too rich a mixture of acetone (i.e. too much acetone mixed with not enough air). Every time the spark gap discharges, its energy would surely cause some acetone molecules to combust with available oxygen molecules. However, since the air is so dilute in this rich acetone mixture, those scarce oxygen molecules are depleted fast enough that the flame temperature quickly falls off and is no longer hot enough to trigger the remaining oxygen molecules to combust with the plentiful acetone molecules.
The same problem occurs if the acetone/air mixture is too lean (not enough acetone and too much air). This is what would happen if we diluted the acetone vapors to a volumetric concentration of only 0.5% inside the test chamber: any spark at the gap would indeed cause some acetone molecules to combust, but there would be too few available to support expansive combustion across the rest of the chamber.
We could also have an acetone/air mixture in the chamber ideal for combustion (about 9.5% acetone by volume) and still not have an explosion if the spark’s energy were insufficient. Most combustion reactions require a certain minimum level of activation energy to overcome the potential barrier before molecular bonding between fuel atoms and oxidizer atoms occurs. Stated differently, many combustion reactions are not spontaneous at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure – they need a bit of “help” to initiate.
All the necessary conditions for an explosion (assuming no chemical inhibitors are present) may be quantified and plotted as an ignition curve for any particular fuel and oxidizer combination. This next graph shows an ignition curve for an hypothetical fuel gas mixed with air:
Note how any point in the chart lying above the curve is “dangerous,” while any point below the curve is “safe.” The three critical values on this graph are the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL), and the Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE). These critical values differ for every type of fuel and oxidizer combination, change with ambient temperature and pressure, and may be rendered irrelevant in the presence of a catalyst (a chemical substance that works to promote a reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction). Most ignition curves are published with the assumed conditions of air as the oxidizer, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, with no catalyst(s) present.
Some substances are so reactive that their minimum ignition energy (MIE) levels are well below the thermal energy of ambient air temperatures. Such fuels will auto-ignite the moment they come into contact with air, which effectively means one cannot prevent a fire or explosion by eliminating sources of flame or sparks. When dealing with such substances, the only means for preventing fires and explosions lies with maintaining fuel/air ratios outside of the danger zone (i.e. below the LEL or above the UEL), or by using a chemical inhibitor to prevent a self-sustaining reaction.
The greater the difference in LEL and UEL values, the greater “explosive potential” a fuel gas or vapor presents (all other factors being equal), because it means the fuel may explode over a wider range of mixture conditions. It is instructive to research the LEL and UEL values for many common substances, just to see how “explosive” they are relative to each other:
Substance LEL (\% volume) UEL (\% volume)
Acetylene 2.5\% 100\%
Acetone 2.5\% 12.8\%
Butane 1.5\% 8.5\%
Carbon disulfide 1.3\% 50\%
Carbon monoxide 12.5\% 74\%
Ether 1.9\% 36\%
Ethylene oxide 2.6\% 100\%
Gasoline 1.4\% 7.6\%
Kerosene 0.7\% 5\%
Hydrazine 2.9\% 98\%
Hydrogen 4.0\% 74.2\%
Methane 4.4\% 17\%
Propane 2.1\% 9.5\%
Note how both acetylene and ethylene oxide have UEL values of 100%. This means it is possible for these gases to explode even when there is no oxidizer present. Some other chemical substances exhibit this same property (n-propyl nitrate being another example), where the lack of an oxidizer does not prevent an explosion. With these substances in high concentration, our only practical hope of avoiding explosion is to eliminate the possibility of an ignition source in its presence. Some substances have UEL values so high that the elimination of oxidizers is only an uncertain guard against combustion: hydrazine being one example with a UEL of 98%, and diborane being another example with a UEL of 88%.
### Protective measures
Different strategies exist to help prevent electrical devices from triggering fires or explosions in classified areas. These strategies may be broadly divided four ways:
• Contain the explosion: enclose the device inside a very strong box that contains any explosion generated by the device so as to not trigger a larger explosion outside the box. This strategy may be viewed as eliminating the “ignition” component of the fire triangle, from the perspective of the atmosphere outside the explosion-proof enclosure (ensuring the explosion inside the enclosure does not ignite a larger explosion outside).
• Shield the device: enclose the electrical device inside a suitable box or shelter, then purge that enclosure with clean air (or a pure gas) that prevents an explosive mixture from forming inside the enclosure. This strategy works by eliminating the “proper fuel/oxidizer ratio” component of the fire triangle: by eliminating fuel (if purged by air), or by eliminating oxidizer (if purged by fuel gas), or by eliminating both (if purged by an inert gas).
• Encapsulated design: manufacture the device so that it is self-enclosing. In other words, build the device in such a way that any spark-producing elements are sealed air-tight within the device from any explosive atmosphere. This strategy works by eliminating the “ignition” component of the fire triangle (from the perspective of outside the device) or by eliminating the “proper fuel/oxidizer ratio” component (from the perspective of inside the device).
• Limit total circuit energy: design the circuit such that there is insufficient energy to trigger an explosion, even in the event of an electrical fault. This strategy works by eliminating the “ignition” component of the fire triangle.
It should be noted that any one of these strategies, correctly and thoroughly applied, is sufficient to mitigate the risk of fire and explosion. For this reason you will seldom see more than one of these strategies simultaneously applied (e.g. an explosion-proof enclosure housing a circuit with insufficient energy to trigger an explosion).
A common example of the first strategy is to use extremely rugged metal explosion-proof (NEMA 7 or NEMA 8) enclosures instead of the more common sheet-metal or fiberglass enclosures to house electrical equipment. Two photographs of explosion-proof electrical enclosures reveal their unusually rugged construction:
Note the abundance of bolts securing the covers of these enclosures! This is necessary in order to withstand the enormous forces generated by the pressure of an explosion developing inside the enclosure. Note also how most of the bolts have been removed from the door of the right-hand enclosure. This is an unsafe and very unfortunate occurrence at many industrial facilities, where technicians leave just a few bolts securing the cover of an explosion-proof enclosure because it is so time-consuming to remove all of them to gain access inside the enclosure for maintenance work. Such practices negate the safety of the explosion-proof enclosure, rendering it just as dangerous as a sheet metal enclosure in a classified area.
Explosion-proof enclosures are designed in such a way that high-pressure gases resulting from an explosion within the enclosure must pass through small gaps (either holes in vent devices, and/or the gap formed by a bulging door forced away from the enclosure box) en route to exiting the enclosure. As hot gases pass through these tight metal gaps, they are forced to cool to the point where they will not ignite explosive gases outside the enclosure, thus preventing the original explosion inside the enclosure from triggering a far more violent event. This is the same phenomenon measured in determinations of MESG (Maximum Experimental Safe Gap) for an explosive air/fuel mixture. With an explosion-proof enclosure, all gaps are designed to be less than the MESG for the mixtures in question.
A similar strategy involves the use of a non-flammable purge gas pressurizing an ordinary electrical enclosure such that explosive atmospheres are prevented from entering the enclosure. Ordinary compressed air may be used as the purge gas, so long as provisions are made to ensure the air compressor supplying the compressed air is in a non-classified area where explosive gases will never be drawn into the compressed air system.
Devices may be encapsulated in such a way that explosive atmospheres cannot penetrate the device to reach anything generating sufficient spark or heat. Hermetically sealed devices are an example of this protective strategy, where the structure of the device has been made completely fluid-tight by fusion joints of its casing. Mercury tilt-switches are good examples of such electrical devices, where a small quantity of liquid mercury is hermetically sealed inside a glass tube. No outside gases, vapors, dusts, or fibers can ever reach the spark generated when the mercury comes into contact (or breaks contact with) the electrodes:
The ultimate method for ensuring instrument circuit safety in classified areas is to intentionally limit the amount of energy available within a circuit such that it cannot generate enough heat or spark to ignite an explosive atmosphere, even in the event of an electrical fault within the circuit. Article 504 of the National Electrical Code specifies standards for this method. Any system meeting these requirements is called an intrinsically safe or I.S. system. The word “intrinsic” implies that the safety is a natural property of the circuit, since it lacks even the ability to produce an explosion-triggering spark.
One way to underscore the meaning of intrinsic safety is to contrast it against a different concept that has the appearance of similarity. Article 500 of the National Electrical Code defines nonincendive equipment as devices incapable of igniting a hazardous atmosphere under normal operating conditions. However, the standard for nonincendive devices or circuits does not guarantee what will happen under abnormal conditions, such as an open- or short-circuit in the wiring. So, a “nonincendive” circuit may very well pose an explosion hazard, whereas an “intrinsically safe” circuit will not because the intrinsically safe circuit simply does not possess enough energy to trigger an explosion under any electrical fault condition. As a result, nonincendive circuits are not approved in Class I or Class II Division 1 locations whereas intrinsically safe circuits are approved for all hazardous locations.
Most modern 4 to 20 mA analog signal instruments may be used as part of intrinsically safe circuits so long as they are connected to control equipment through suitable safety barrier interfaces, the purpose of which is to limit the amount of voltage and current available at the field device to low enough levels that an explosion-triggering spark is impossible even under fault conditions (e.g. a short-circuit in the field instrument or wiring). A simple intrinsic safety barrier circuit made from passive components is shown in the following diagram:
In normal operation, the 4-20 mA field instrument possesses insufficient terminal voltage and insufficient loop current to pose any threat of hazardous atmosphere ignition. However, the normally modest voltage and current values within a healthy 4-20 mA loop circuit are enough for that circuit to be considered intrinsically safe. In order to be intrinsically safe, the circuit’s voltage and current levels must be limited even in the event of device or wiring faults. This is the purpose of the intrinsic safety barrier circuit: to serve as a safeguard in the event of unforseen wiring and/or component faults so that there is no possible way for enough voltage or current to develop to trigger an explosion.
If a short-circuit develops in the field instrument, the series resistance of the barrier circuit will limit fault current to a value low enough not to pose a threat in the hazardous area. If something fails in the receiving instrument to cause a much greater power supply voltage to develop at its terminals, the zener diode inside the barrier will break down and provide a shunt path for fault current that bypasses the field instrument (and may possibly blow the fuse in the barrier). Thus, the intrinsic safety barrier circuit provides protection against overcurrent and overvoltage faults, so that neither type of fault will result in enough electrical energy available at the field device to ignite an explosive atmosphere.
A photograph of an MTL-brand intrinsic safety barrier is shown here. A schematic diagram on the side of this barrier shows its internal circuitry:
Note that a barrier device such as this must be present in the 4-20 mA analog circuit in order for the circuit to be intrinsically safe. The “intrinsic” safety rating of the circuit depends on this barrier, not on the integrity of the field device or of the receiving device. Without this barrier in place, the instrument circuit is not intrinsically safe, even though the normal operating voltage and current parameters of the field and receiving devices are well within the parameters of safety for classified areas. It is the barrier and the barrier alone which guarantees those voltage and current levels will remain within safe limits in the event of abnormal circuit conditions such as a field wiring short, field device fault, or a faulty loop power supply.
More sophisticated active barrier devices are manufactured which provide electrical isolation from ground in the instrument wiring, thus eliminating the need for a safety ground connection at the barrier device.
In the example shown here, transformers are used to electrically isolate the analog current signal so that there is no path for DC fault current between the field instrument and the receiving instrument, ground or no ground.
Safety barrier circuits fundamentally limit the amount of power deliverable to a field device from a power supply located in the safe area. Barrier circuits cannot, however, ensure safety for field devices capable of generating their own electrical energy. In order for such devices to be considered intrinsically safe, their natural abilities for generating voltage, current, and power must fall below limits defined in NEC article 504. Sensors such as pH electrodes, thermocouples, and photovoltaic light detectors are examples of such field devices, and are called simple apparatus by the NEC. The qualifications for a generating device to be a “simple apparatus” is that it cannot generate more than 1.5 volts of voltage, and more than 100 milliamps of current, and more than 25 milliwatts of power. If a device’s ability to generate electricity exceeds these limits, the device is not a “simple apparatus” and therefore its circuit is not intrinsically safe.
An example of a generating field device exceeding these limits is a tachogenerator: a small DC generator used to measure the speed of rotating equipment by outputting a DC voltage proportional to speed (typically over a 0-10 volt range). An alternative to a tachogenerator for measuring machine speed is an optical encoder, using a slotted wheel to chop a light beam (from an LED), generating a pulsed electrical signal of sufficiently low intensity to qualify as a simple apparatus.
Passive (non-generating) field devices may also be classified as “simple apparatus” if they do not dissipate more than 1.3 watts of power. Examples of passive, simple apparatus include switches, LED indicator lamps, and RTD (Resistive Temperature Detector) sensors. Even devices with internal inductance and/or capacitance may be deemed “simple apparatus” if their stored energy capacity is insufficient to pose a hazard.
In addition to the use of barrier devices to create an intrinsically safe circuit, the National Electrical Code (NEC) article 504 specifies certain wiring practices different from normal control circuits. The conductors of an intrinsically safe circuit (i.e. conductors on the “field” side of a barrier) must be separated from the conductors of the non-intrinsically safe circuit (i.e. conductors on the “supply” side of the barrier) by at least 50 millimeters, which is approximately 2 inches. Conductors must be secured prior to terminals in such a way that they cannot come into contact with non-intrinsically safe conductors if the terminal becomes loose. Also, the color light blue may be used to identify intrinsically safe conductors, raceways, cable trays, and junction boxes so long as that color is not used for any other wiring in the system.
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Published under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License | 2021-04-23T11:19:42 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.36616915464401245, "perplexity": 2412.9439040993802}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039617701.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20210423101141-20210423131141-00247.warc.gz"} |
https://control.com/textbook/calculus/symbolic-versus-numerical-calculus/ | # Symbolic Versus Numerical Calculus
## Chapter 1 - Calculus in Industrial Process Measurement and Control
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to teaching calculus is based on manipulating symbols (variables) in equations, learning how different types of mathematical functions become transformed by the calculus operations of differentiation and integration.
For example, suppose a first-semester calculus student were given the following function to differentiate. The function is expressed as $$y$$ in terms of $$x$$:
$y = {3x^2 - 2x + 5 \over x^2 - 8}$
A calculus student would first apply two basic rules of symbolic differentiation (namely, the Power Rule and the Quotient Rule) followed by algebraic distribution and combination of like terms to arrive at the derivative of $$y$$ with respect to $$x$$ (written as $$dy \over dx$$) in terms of $$x$$:
${dy \over dx} = {(x^2 - 8)(6x - 2) - (3x^2 -2x + 5)(2x) \over (x^2 - 8)^2}$
${dy \over dx} = {6x^3 -2x^2 - 48x + 16 - (6x^3 -4x^2 + 10x) \over x^4 - 16x^2 + 64}$
${dy \over dx} = {2x^2 - 58x + 16 \over x^4 - 16x^2 + 64}$
The resulting derivative expresses the rate-of-change of $$y$$ with respect to $$x$$ of the original function for any value of $$x$$. In other words, anyone can now plug any arbitrary value of $$x$$ they wish into the derivative equation, and the result ($$dy \over dx$$) will tell them how steep the slope is of the original function at that same $$x$$ value.
Rules such as the Power Rule and even the Quotient Rule are not difficult to memorize, but they are far from intuitive. Although it is possible to formally prove each one of them from more fundamental principles of algebra, doing so is tedious, and so most students simply resign themselves to memorizing all the calculus rules of differentiation and integration. There are many such rules to memorize in symbolic calculus.
Symbolic integration is even more difficult to learn than symbolic differentiation. Most calculus textbooks reserve pages at the very end listing the general rules of differentiation and integration. Whereas a table of derivatives might occupy a single page in a calculus text, tables of integrals may fill five or more pages!
The next logical topic in the sequence of a calculus curriculum is differential equations. A “differential equation” is a function relating some variable to one or more of its own derivatives. To use the variables $$y$$ and $$x$$, a differential equation would be one containing both $$y$$ and at least one derivative of $$y$$ ($$dy \over dx$$, $$d^2y \over dx^2$$, $$d^3y \over dx^3$$, etc.). $${dV \over dt} = -kV$$ is an example of a simple differential equation. The various forms and solution techniques for different kinds of differential equations are numerous and complex.
It has been said that the laws of the universe are written in the language of calculus. This is immediately evident in the study of physics, but it is also true for chemistry, biology, astronomy, and other “hard sciences.” Areas of applied science including engineering (chemical, electrical, mechanical, and civil) as well as economics, statistics, and genetics would be impoverished if not for the many practical applications of symbolic calculus. To be able to express a function of real-life quantities as a set of symbols, then apply the rules of calculus to those symbols to transform them into functions relating rates of change and accumulations of those real-life quantities, is an incredibly powerful tool.
Two significant problems exist with symbolic calculus, however. The first problem with symbolic calculus is its complexity, which acts as a barrier to many people trying to learn it. It is quite common for students to drop out of calculus or to change their major of study in college because they find the subject so confusing and/or frustrating. This is a shame, not only because those students end up missing out on the experience of being able to see the world around them in a new way, but also because mastery of calculus is an absolute requirement of entry into many professions. One cannot become a licensed engineer in the United States, for example, without passing a series of calculus courses in an accredited university and demonstrating mastery of those calculus concepts on a challenging exam.
The second significant problem with symbolic calculus is its limitation to a certain class of mathematical functions. In order to be able to symbolically differentiate a function (e.g. $$y = f(x)$$) to determine its derivative ($$dy \over dx$$), we must first have a function written in mathematical symbols to differentiate. This rather obvious fact becomes a barrier when the data we have from a real-life application defies symbolic expression. It is trivial for a first-semester calculus student to determine the derivative of the function $$V = 2t^2 - 4t + 9$$, but what if $$V$$ and $$t$$ only exist as recorded values in a table, or as a trend drawn by a process recorder? Without a mathematical formula showing $$V$$ as a function of $$t$$, none of the rules learned in a calculus course for manipulating those symbols directly apply. The problem is even worse for differential equations, where a great many examples exist that have so far defied solution by the greatest mathematicians.
Such is the case when we apply calculus to recorded values of process variable, setpoint, and controller output in real-world automated processes. A trend showing a PV over time never comes complete with a formula showing you $$\hbox{PV} = f(t)$$. We must approach these practical applications from some perspective other than symbolic manipulation if we are to understand how calculus relates. Students of instrumentation face this problem when learning PID control: the most fundamental algorithm of feedback control, used in the vast majority of industrial processes to regulate process variables to their setpoint values.
An alternative approach to calculus exists which is easily understood by anyone with the ability to perform basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and sketching (drawing lines and points on a graph). Numerical calculus uses simple arithmetic to approximate derivatives and integrals on real-world data. The results are not as precise as with symbolic calculus, but the technique works on any data as well as most mathematical functions written in symbolic form. Furthermore, the simplicity of these techniques opens a door to those people who might otherwise be scared away by the mathematical rigor of symbolic calculus. Any way we can find to showcase the beauty and practicality of calculus principles to more people is a good thing!
Suppose we needed to calculate the derivative of some real-world function, such as the volume of liquid contained in a storage vessel. The derivative of volume ($$V$$) with respect to time ($$t$$) is volumetric flow rate ($$dV \over dt$$), thus the time-derivative of the vessel’s volume function at any specified point in time will be the net flow rate into (or out of) that vessel at that point in time.
To numerically determine the derivative of volume from raw data, we could follow these steps:
• Choose two values of volume both near the point in time we’re interesting in calculating flow rate.
• Subtract the two volume values: this will be $$\Delta V$$.
• Subtract the two time values corresponding to those volume values: this will be $$\Delta t$$.
• Divide $$\Delta V$$ by $$\Delta t$$ to approximate $$dV \over dt$$ between those two points in time.
A slightly different approach to numerical differentiation follows these steps:
• Sketch a graph of the volume versus time data for this vessel (if this has not already been done for you by a trend recorder).
• Locate the point in time on this graph you are interested in, and sketch a tangent line to that point (a straight line having the same slope as the graphed data at that point).
• Estimate the rise-over-run slope of this tangent line to approximate $$dV \over dt$$ at this point.
An illustration is a helpful reminder of what differentiation means for any graphed function: the slope of that function at a specified point:
Suppose we needed to calculate the integral of some real-world function, such as the flow rate of liquid through a pipe. The integral of volumetric flow ($$Q$$) with respect to time ($$t$$) is total volume ($$V$$), thus the time-integral of the flow rate over any specified time interval will be the total volume of liquid that passed by over that time.
To numerically determine the integral of flow from raw data, we could follow these steps:
• Identify the time interval over which we intend to calculate volume, and the duration of each measured data point within that interval.
• Multiply each measured value of flow by the duration of that measurement (the interval between that measurement and the next one) to obtain a volume over each duration.
• Repeat the last step for each and every flow data point up to the end of the interval we’re interested in.
• Add all these volume values together – the result will be the approximate liquid volume passed through the pipe over the specified time interval.
A slightly different approach to numerical integration follows these steps:
• Sketch a graph of the flow versus time data for this pipe (if this has not already been done for you by a trend recorder).
• Mark the time interval over which we intend to calculate volume (two straight vertical lines on the graph).
• Use any geometrical means available to estimate the area bounded by the graph and the two vertical time markers – the result will be the approximate liquid volume passed through the pipe over the specified time interval.
An illustration is a helpful reminder of what integration means for any graphed function: the area enclosed by that function within a specified set of boundaries:
The next sections of this chapter delve into more specific details of numerical differentiation and integration, with realistic examples to illustrate.
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Published under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License | 2020-04-01T00:54:20 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7308084964752197, "perplexity": 379.67476216245626}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505359.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401003422-20200401033422-00081.warc.gz"} |
https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-volcano-watchers-should-beware | # Volcano Watch — Volcano watchers should beware
Release Date:
The eruption from the episode 51 vents has continued without interruption since October 2. The flows have now advanced to within 300 feet of the Chain of Craters Road inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The flows advanced over the pali during the last week-and-a-half and came within a quarter of a mile of Chain of Craters Road by early this week.
Volcano watchers should beware
(Public domain.)
The eruption from the episode 51 vents has continued without interruption since October 2. The flows have now advanced to within 300 feet of the Chain of Craters Road inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The flows advanced over the pali during the last week-and-a-half and came within a quarter of a mile of Chain of Craters Road by early this week. It has now been more than one year since active lava flows were located so near a road.
There are a variety of hazards to be aware of should you come to view the lava flows. The National Park Service is trying to get tourists close enough to view the flows, but safety is a concern. The lowlands along the coast are dry areas, and the lava flows ignite brush and grass fires. The Park Service will put roadblocks in place and close access to the area during fire-fighting operations. Lava watchers should check at Kīlauea Visitor Center to be sure that the area is open before proceeding down Chain of Craters Road to the 21-mile marker. The area is hot, and visitors should bring water and wear a hat to avoid heat exhaustion. Smoke from burning vegetation can cause respiratory problems, as well.
One of the more dangerous hazards near the lava flow are explosions caused by accumulation of methane produced from vegetation covered by the flows. These methane explosions can occur either under the advancing active lava, thereby throwing molten lava into the air, or under older lava flows nearby as the methane migrates beneath them and ignites. Some of the methane explosions throw boulders several feet in diameter through the air. Be forewarned and watch the flows from a safe distance.
Should the lava cross the road, as we anticipate it will if the eruption continues, the smoke produced from the burning asphalt can cause choking. If the flows then continue to the ocean, an entire new class of hazards comes into play. As lava flows into the ocean, the steam cloud that is produced is actually a dilute hydrochloric acid fume called "laze." Breathing it can cause respiratory problems and severe eye irritation. In addition, the lava entering the ocean commonly explodes, forming tiny pieces of glass which can be carried in the steam cloud. These glass fragments are sharp and easily blow into your eyes. The lava spreads out along the coast and forms elongate, narrow lava terraces. These terraces are unstable and can, without notice, collapse into the ocean.
Be aware of these numerous hazards near the flows as you enjoy this spectacle of nature. | 2019-12-15T02:01:14 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.2502652704715729, "perplexity": 4153.816103072476}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575541301014.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20191215015215-20191215043215-00010.warc.gz"} |
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# Algebraic conventions
You can use these techniques and examples when planning lesson sequences on algebraic conventions.
Pupils need to be as familiar with the conventions of algebra as they are with those of arithmetic. Algebraic conventions should become a routine part of algebraic thinking, allowing greater access to more challenging problems.
It is a common error to deal with these conventions rather too quickly.
How pupils understand and manipulate algebraic forms is determined by their mental processing of the meaning of the symbols and the extent to which they can distinguish one algebraic form from another.
A goal is to develop pupils’ mental facility to recognise which type of algebraic form is presented or needs to be constructed as part of a problem. Some time spent on this stage of the process can reduce misconceptions when later problems become quite complex.
Framework algebra examples provide contexts in which pupils should develop mental processes in algebraic conventions. | 2013-05-23T01:02:19 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 16, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.4995397627353668, "perplexity": 1493.351433606221}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702718570/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111158-00090-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://www.zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Aholtz.olga | # zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Holtz, Olga
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: holtz.olga Published as: Holtz, Olga; Holtz, O. V. Homepage: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~oholtz/ External Links: MGP · Wikidata · dblp · GND Awards: EMS Prize (2008)
Documents Indexed: 32 Publications since 1996 Reviewing Activity: 1 Review Biographic References: 1 Publication
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
8 single-authored 8 Demmel, James Weldon 4 Ballard, Grey M. 4 Dumitriu, Ioana 4 Schwartz, Oded 3 Ron, Amos 3 Schneider, Hans 2 Khrushchev, Sergey 2 Mehrmann, Volker 2 Strauss, Vladimir Abramovich 2 Tyaglov, Mikhail 1 Bharali, Gautam 1 Derevyagin, Maxim S. 1 Faßbender, Heike 1 Griebel, Michael 1 Kleinberg, Robert D. 1 Koev, Plamen 1 Kushel, Olga Yur’evna 1 Lipshitz, Benjamin 1 Nazarov, Fedor L. 1 Peres, Yuval 1 Shomron, Noam 1 Stewart, Gilbert Wright 1 Sturmfels, Bernd 1 Xu, Zhiqiang 1 Zenger, Christoph
all top 5
#### Serials
10 Linear Algebra and its Applications 2 Journal of Approximation Theory 2 Numerische Mathematik 2 SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 1 American Mathematical Monthly 1 Advances in Mathematics 1 Journal of Algebra 1 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 1 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 1 Constructive Approximation 1 SIAM Review 1 SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 1 ELA. The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 1 Journal of the ACM 1 Computational Methods and Function Theory 1 Acta Numerica
all top 5
#### Fields
17 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 8 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 4 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 4 Computer science (68-XX) 3 Real functions (26-XX) 3 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 3 Operator theory (47-XX) 2 History and biography (01-XX) 2 Combinatorics (05-XX) 2 Field theory and polynomials (12-XX) 2 Commutative algebra (13-XX) 2 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 1 Associative rings and algebras (16-XX) 1 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 1 Special functions (33-XX) 1 Functional analysis (46-XX) 1 Systems theory; control (93-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH Open
30 Publications have been cited 282 times in 233 Documents Cited by Year
Minimizing communication in numerical linear algebra. Zbl 1246.68128
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Schwartz, Oded
2011
Hyperdeterminantal relations among symmetric principal minors. Zbl 1130.15005
Holtz, Olga; Sturmfels, Bernd
2007
Structured matrices, continued fractions, and root localization of polynomials. Zbl 1261.26001
Holtz, Olga; Tyaglov, Mikhail
2012
Zonotopal algebra. Zbl 1223.13010
Holtz, Olga; Ron, Amos
2011
Fast linear algebra is stable. Zbl 1133.65015
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga
2007
Open problems on GKK $$\tau$$-matrices. Zbl 1160.15305
Holtz, Olga; Schneider, Hans
2002
Hermite-Biehler, Routh-Hurwitz, and total positivity. Zbl 1031.93136
Holtz, Olga
2003
Accurate and efficient expression evaluation and linear algebra. Zbl 1169.65022
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga; Koev, Plamen
2008
Evaluation of Sylvester type determinants using block-triangularization. Zbl 1090.15008
Holtz, Olga
2005
Potter, Wielandt, and Drazin on the matrix equation $$AB=\omega BA$$: new answers to old questions. Zbl 1187.15001
Holtz, Olga; Mehrmann, Volker; Schneider, Hans
2004
$$M$$-matrices satisfy Newton’s inequalities. Zbl 1067.15018
Holtz, Olga
2005
Graph expansion analysis for communication costs of fast rectangular matrix multiplication. Zbl 1385.68057
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Lipshitz, Benjamin; Schwartz, Oded
2012
Hierarchical zonotopal spaces. Zbl 1254.13024
Holtz, Olga; Ron, Amos; Xu, Zhiqiang
2012
Classification of normal operators in spaces with indefinite scalar product of rank 2. Zbl 0859.15010
Holtz, O. V.; Strauss, V. A.
1996
Fast matrix multiplication is stable. Zbl 1134.65030
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga; Kleinberg, Robert
2007
Approximation orders of shift-invariant subspaces of $$W_{2}^{s}(\mathbb R^d)$$. Zbl 1092.41010
Holtz, Olga; Ron, Amos
2005
The inverse eigenvalue problem for symmetric anti-bidiagonal matrices. Zbl 1080.15010
Holtz, Olga
2005
Graph expansion and communication costs of fast matrix multiplication. Zbl 1281.68241
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Schwartz, Oded
2012
On classification of normal operators in real spaces with indefinite scalar product. Zbl 0901.15016
Holtz, O. V.; Strauss, V. A.
1997
Szegő’s theorem for matrix orthogonal polynomials. Zbl 1276.33013
Derevyagin, Maxim; Holtz, Olga; Khrushchev, Sergey; Tyaglov, Mikhail
2012
Not all GKK $$\tau$$-matrices are stable. Zbl 0968.15014
Holtz, Olga
1999
Applications of the duality method to generalizations of the Jordan canonical form. Zbl 0999.15011
Holtz, Olga
2000
On indecomposable normal matrices in spaces with indefinite salar product. Zbl 0880.15034
Holtz, O. V.
1997
Functions preserving nonnegativity of matrices. Zbl 1158.15013
Bharali, Gautam; Holtz, Olga
2008
Communication-optimal parallel and sequential Cholesky decomposition. Zbl 1238.65018
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Schwartz, Oded
2010
Matrices that commute with their derivative. On a letter from Schur to Wielandt. Zbl 1260.15026
Holtz, Olga; Mehrmann, Volker; Schneider, Hans
2013
Generalized Hurwitz matrices, generalized Euclidean algorithm, and forbidden sectors of the complex plane. Zbl 1347.26033
Holtz, Olga; Khrushchev, Sergey; Kushel, Olga
2016
New coins from old, smoothly. Zbl 1238.41007
Holtz, Olga; Nazarov, Fedor; Peres, Yuval
2011
On convergence of infinite matrix products. Zbl 0964.15030
Holtz, Olga
2000
Toward accurate polynomial evaluation in rounded arithmetic. Zbl 1106.65308
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga
2006
Generalized Hurwitz matrices, generalized Euclidean algorithm, and forbidden sectors of the complex plane. Zbl 1347.26033
Holtz, Olga; Khrushchev, Sergey; Kushel, Olga
2016
Matrices that commute with their derivative. On a letter from Schur to Wielandt. Zbl 1260.15026
Holtz, Olga; Mehrmann, Volker; Schneider, Hans
2013
Structured matrices, continued fractions, and root localization of polynomials. Zbl 1261.26001
Holtz, Olga; Tyaglov, Mikhail
2012
Graph expansion analysis for communication costs of fast rectangular matrix multiplication. Zbl 1385.68057
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Lipshitz, Benjamin; Schwartz, Oded
2012
Hierarchical zonotopal spaces. Zbl 1254.13024
Holtz, Olga; Ron, Amos; Xu, Zhiqiang
2012
Graph expansion and communication costs of fast matrix multiplication. Zbl 1281.68241
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Schwartz, Oded
2012
Szegő’s theorem for matrix orthogonal polynomials. Zbl 1276.33013
Derevyagin, Maxim; Holtz, Olga; Khrushchev, Sergey; Tyaglov, Mikhail
2012
Minimizing communication in numerical linear algebra. Zbl 1246.68128
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Schwartz, Oded
2011
Zonotopal algebra. Zbl 1223.13010
Holtz, Olga; Ron, Amos
2011
New coins from old, smoothly. Zbl 1238.41007
Holtz, Olga; Nazarov, Fedor; Peres, Yuval
2011
Communication-optimal parallel and sequential Cholesky decomposition. Zbl 1238.65018
Ballard, Grey; Demmel, James; Holtz, Olga; Schwartz, Oded
2010
Accurate and efficient expression evaluation and linear algebra. Zbl 1169.65022
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga; Koev, Plamen
2008
Functions preserving nonnegativity of matrices. Zbl 1158.15013
Bharali, Gautam; Holtz, Olga
2008
Hyperdeterminantal relations among symmetric principal minors. Zbl 1130.15005
Holtz, Olga; Sturmfels, Bernd
2007
Fast linear algebra is stable. Zbl 1133.65015
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga
2007
Fast matrix multiplication is stable. Zbl 1134.65030
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga; Kleinberg, Robert
2007
Toward accurate polynomial evaluation in rounded arithmetic. Zbl 1106.65308
Demmel, James; Dumitriu, Ioana; Holtz, Olga
2006
Evaluation of Sylvester type determinants using block-triangularization. Zbl 1090.15008
Holtz, Olga
2005
$$M$$-matrices satisfy Newton’s inequalities. Zbl 1067.15018
Holtz, Olga
2005
Approximation orders of shift-invariant subspaces of $$W_{2}^{s}(\mathbb R^d)$$. Zbl 1092.41010
Holtz, Olga; Ron, Amos
2005
The inverse eigenvalue problem for symmetric anti-bidiagonal matrices. Zbl 1080.15010
Holtz, Olga
2005
Potter, Wielandt, and Drazin on the matrix equation $$AB=\omega BA$$: new answers to old questions. Zbl 1187.15001
Holtz, Olga; Mehrmann, Volker; Schneider, Hans
2004
Hermite-Biehler, Routh-Hurwitz, and total positivity. Zbl 1031.93136
Holtz, Olga
2003
Open problems on GKK $$\tau$$-matrices. Zbl 1160.15305
Holtz, Olga; Schneider, Hans
2002
Applications of the duality method to generalizations of the Jordan canonical form. Zbl 0999.15011
Holtz, Olga
2000
On convergence of infinite matrix products. Zbl 0964.15030
Holtz, Olga
2000
Not all GKK $$\tau$$-matrices are stable. Zbl 0968.15014
Holtz, Olga
1999
On classification of normal operators in real spaces with indefinite scalar product. Zbl 0901.15016
Holtz, O. V.; Strauss, V. A.
1997
On indecomposable normal matrices in spaces with indefinite salar product. Zbl 0880.15034
Holtz, O. V.
1997
Classification of normal operators in spaces with indefinite scalar product of rank 2. Zbl 0859.15010
Holtz, O. V.; Strauss, V. A.
1996
all top 5
#### Cited by 363 Authors
10 Holtz, Olga 7 Huang, Rong 6 Marco García, Ana 6 Martínez, José-Javier 6 Peña, Juan Manuel 5 Fallat, Shaun M. 5 Johnson, Charles Royal 5 Sturmfels, Bernd 5 Tyaglov, Mikhail 5 van den Driessche, Pauline 4 Charalambides, Marios 4 da Fonseca, Carlos Martins 4 Demmel, James Weldon 4 Marijuán, Carlos 4 Mehl, Christian 4 Oeding, Luke 4 Pisonero, Miriam 3 Brändén, Petter 3 Choque Rivero, Abdon Eddy 3 Chu, Wenchang 3 Csordas, George 3 Dumitriu, Ioana 3 Grigori, Laura 3 Guterman, Alexander Èmilevich 3 Hogben, Leslie 3 Huhtanen, Marko 3 Kilic, Emrah 3 Kushel, Olga Yur’evna 3 Laugesen, Richard Snyder 3 Lenz, Matthias 3 Markova, Olga V. 3 Mehrmann, Volker 3 Moci, Luca 3 Nenashev, Gleb V. 3 Olesky, D. Dale 3 Rodman, Leiba X. 3 Ron, Amos 3 Rouault, Alain 3 Yang, Zhao 2 Adm, Mohammad 2 Ardila Mantilla, Federico 2 Ballard, Grey M. 2 Bebiano, Natália Isabel Quadros 2 Borcea, Julius 2 Bui, Huy-Qui 2 Butler, Steven Kay 2 Catral, Minerva 2 Delgado, Jorge F. M. 2 Dongarra, Jack J. 2 Dyachenko, Alexander Victorovich 2 Gamboa, Fabrice 2 Garloff, Jürgen 2 Garza, Luis E. 2 Griffin, Kent 2 Guillot, Dominique 2 Hall, H. Tracy 2 Kahle, Thomas 2 Kaiblinger, Norbert 2 Khare, Apoorva 2 Lins, Brian 2 Liu, Zhongyun 2 Loewy, Raphael 2 Martinez-Rivera, Xavier 2 Meade, Patrick R. 2 Orera, Héctor 2 Paparella, Pietro 2 Postnikov, Alexander 2 Rajaratnam, Bala 2 Schneider, Hans 2 Schwartz, Oded 2 Strauss, Vladimir Abramovich 2 Tomov, Stanimire Z. 2 Tsatsomeros, Michael J. 2 Varbaro, Matteo 2 Viaña, Raquel 2 Xu, Zhiqiang 2 Zhu, Wei 1 Abbas, Hassan 1 Abril-Raymundo, M. R. 1 Acemoglu, Daron 1 Adrovic, Danko 1 Aguirre-Hernández, Baltazar 1 Aidagulov, R. R. 1 Alarcia-Estévez, E. 1 Alencar, Jorge 1 Alhubail, Maitham 1 Álvarez Dios, José Antonio 1 Area, Iván 1 Arıkan, Talha 1 Aziznejad, Shayan 1 Baboulin, Marc 1 Backman, Spencer 1 Baricz, Árpád 1 Barkovsky, Yury 1 Barrett, Wayne W. 1 Batra, Prashant 1 Beiranvand, Z. 1 Beliakov, Gleb 1 Ben-Or, Michael 1 Benko, David ...and 263 more Authors
all top 5
#### Cited in 98 Serials
53 Linear Algebra and its Applications 9 Linear and Multilinear Algebra 8 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 8 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 6 SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 5 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 5 Numerische Mathematik 5 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 4 Journal of Mathematical Physics 4 SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 3 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 3 Journal of Computational Physics 3 Advances in Mathematics 3 Applied Mathematics and Computation 3 Journal of Approximation Theory 3 SIAM Review 2 Computing 2 Journal of Algebra 2 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A 2 SIAM Journal on Computing 2 European Journal of Combinatorics 2 Parallel Computing 2 Applied Mathematics Letters 2 Journal of Scientific Computing 2 Numerical Algorithms 2 Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) 2 The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 2 Advances in Computational Mathematics 2 ELA. The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 2 Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire 2 Abstract and Applied Analysis 2 Foundations of Computational Mathematics 2 Complex Analysis and Operator Theory 2 Research in the Mathematical Sciences 1 Communications in Mathematical Physics 1 Discrete Applied Mathematics 1 Discrete Mathematics 1 Journal d’Analyse Mathématique 1 Nonlinearity 1 Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 1 Mathematics of Computation 1 ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 1 Automatica 1 BIT 1 Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 1 Calcolo 1 Collectanea Mathematica 1 Duke Mathematical Journal 1 Illinois Journal of Mathematics 1 International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 1 Integral Equations and Operator Theory 1 Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 1 Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 1 Mathematische Annalen 1 Mathematische Nachrichten 1 Systems & Control Letters 1 Acta Mathematica Hungarica 1 Applied Numerical Mathematics 1 Journal of Symbolic Computation 1 Constructive Approximation 1 Discrete & Computational Geometry 1 Journal of the American Mathematical Society 1 International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 1 Distributed Computing 1 Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 1 Formal Methods in System Design 1 Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis 1 Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 1 Turkish Journal of Mathematics 1 ETNA. Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis 1 Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a Republicii Moldova. Matematica 1 Journal of Computational Neuroscience 1 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 1 Applied Mathematical Finance 1 Discussiones Mathematicae. Graph Theory 1 Sbornik: Mathematics 1 The Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications 1 Functional Differential Equations 1 Open Systems & Information Dynamics 1 Annals of Combinatorics 1 Annals of Mathematics. Second Series 1 Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) 1 International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 1 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B 1 Journal of Systems Science and Complexity 1 Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society. Second Series 1 Computational Methods and Function Theory 1 Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing 1 Journal of Algebra and its Applications 1 Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics 1 Acta Numerica 1 International Journal of Numerical Analysis and Modeling 1 SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications 1 Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics 1 Frontiers of Mathematics in China 1 Probability Surveys 1 Random Matrices: Theory and Applications 1 Algebraic Combinatorics
all top 5
#### Cited in 43 Fields
114 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 70 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 43 Combinatorics (05-XX) 23 Commutative algebra (13-XX) 17 Operator theory (47-XX) 16 Real functions (26-XX) 16 Computer science (68-XX) 15 Algebraic geometry (14-XX) 15 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 15 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 14 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 14 Special functions (33-XX) 13 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 11 Associative rings and algebras (16-XX) 8 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 8 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 7 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 6 Functional analysis (46-XX) 5 Number theory (11-XX) 4 Field theory and polynomials (12-XX) 4 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 3 Quantum theory (81-XX) 2 History and biography (01-XX) 2 Nonassociative rings and algebras (17-XX) 2 $$K$$-theory (19-XX) 2 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 2 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 2 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 2 Sequences, series, summability (40-XX) 2 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 2 Geometry (51-XX) 2 Statistics (62-XX) 2 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 2 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 2 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 2 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 1 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 1 Category theory; homological algebra (18-XX) 1 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 1 Several complex variables and analytic spaces (32-XX) 1 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX) 1 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 1 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
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https://www.bnl.gov/physics/events/ | March 2018
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1
1. 1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
We study the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity in a system composed of critical spin chains interacting with three dimensional conduction electrons and driven to criticality via an external magnetic field. The relevant experimental system is Yb2Pt2Pb, a metal where itinerant electrons coexist with localized moments of Yb-ions which can be described in terms of effective S = 1/2 spins with dominantly one-dimensional exchange interaction. The spin subsystem becomes critical in a relatively weak magnetic field, where it behaves like a Luttinger liquid. We theoretically examine a Kondo lattice with different effective space dimensionalities of the two interacting sub-systems. We characterize the corresponding non-Fermi liquid behavior due to the "local criticality" from the spins by calculating the electronic relaxation rate and the dc resistivity and establish its quasi linear temperature dependence.
2
1. 12:15 pm, Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
2. 2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
It has long been known that sub-nucleonic fluctuations of the energy density in the initial stages of heavy ion collisions play an important role in generating the observed distributions of particles and their flow. These energy density fluctuations are dominated by the radiation of small-x gluons which are populated to classically large occupation numbers in the wave functions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions. While these soft gluons dominate the initial conditions for the energy density, it is quark production which determines the initial conditions of other conserved charges, like flavor and baryon number. With the recent development of state-of-the art hydrodynamics codes tailored to the Beam Energy Scan which can propagate these conserved charges into the final state, it is timely and important to calculate the initial conditions of these conserved charges from first principles in QCD. In this talk, I will present new results for the spatial correlations among quarks and antiquarks produced at mid-rapidity by pair production from small-x gluons. This single-pair production mechanism, which has been studied for some time in momentum space, is the leading contribution to these correlations in coordinate space for dilute-dense collisions. As one moves from the dilute-dense regime toward the dense-dense regime, correlations due to double pair production become more important, and these correlations persist over larger length scales than the single-pair production mechanism. Over nonperturbative length scales, only the correlations from the overlap geometry remain. I will present explicit results for quark-antiquark correlations due to single pair production, and I will outline some preliminary results for the various double-pair production mechanisms. The ultimate goal of this work will be to construct a code which can initialize these conserved charges over all length scales in heavy-ion collisions.
3
1. 8:30 am, Stony Brook University
The Girl Power in STEM: Press for Progress! symposium at Stony Brook University (SBU) on March 3, co-sponsored by Brookhaven Women in Science (BWIS), will celebrate the accomplishment of women in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields. Lecturers and panelists, including many from Brookhaven Lab, will discuss the impact of women in STEM careers, on the work environment, and on the economy, and how society can improve women's participation in STEM fields. The event marks International Women's Day, proclaimed by the United Nations (UN) as a day to champion women's rights. This year the UN celebrates taking action to promote equal opportunities at all levels and to help forge a more gender inclusive world.
4
1. No events scheduled
5
1. No events scheduled
6
1. 11 am, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jia Jiangyong
Upcoming beam energy scan (BES) phase II will explore the QCD phase diagram with an unprecedented precision and would potentially discover the QCD critical point. I will discuss recent theoretical developments aim at maximizing the discovery potential of BESII from both phenomenological and formal perspectives. First, I will discuss new observables which are very sensitive to the presence of the QCD critical point and are possible due to the iTPC upgrade. In the second part, I will report recent progress on understanding and describing hydrodynamic fluctuations. Remarkably, effects of hydrodynamic fluctuations can be potentially important for precise determination of shear viscosity at top RHIC energy and would play a crucial role near the QCD critical point.
2. 2:30 pm, Large Conference Room, Bldg. 535
At the Extreme Light Lab at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, we explore light matter interaction at relativistic fields with liquid targets. Although demonstrations of up to 4 GeV1 electrons and ~100 MeV protons2 have been achieved in the past, all of these are not feasible as future accelerators, due to their slow duty cycle (usually single shot, rarely 1 Hz). There are many challenges to increasing the duty cycle, where laser technology, target technology, damage to system, target alignment, high repetition rate sub-micron plasma diagnostics provides nearly insurmountable obstacles. In this program, we developed ways to accelerate MeV x-rays, electrons3 and ions4 at kHz repetition rate with a small milli-joule class laser system, by developing a combination of suitable laser system, diagnostic system, target system and experimental data collection system capable of handling the high duty cycle. We also perform femtosecond-time resolution pump-probe imaging of the interaction, and extensive large scale relativistic laser plasma interaction simulations5 that reveal the nature of the acceleration processes. Such a system opens the door to extensive future application as a source for materials processing, radiation hardness testing, medical isotope production, time resolved proton probing on relativistic interactions, and many others.
3. 3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrei Nomerotski
hile non-perturbative approaches such as lattice gauge theory led to significant advances in understanding the physics of strong interactions, many problems remain out of reach for classical computation, in particular, real-time dynamics or properties of QCD at finite baryon density that are being explored in heavy-ion collision experiments. Recent advances in the technology of engineering custom interactions for ultra-cold atomic gases in optical lattices opened a possibility for quantum simulations as was envisioned by R. Feynman in the 1980s. The main idea is that the degrees of freedom of the original system are mapped onto a quantum Hamiltonian whose dynamics can be realized in a laboratory. Many condensed matter Hamiltonians, such as Bose-Hubbard model, have been recently studied in this way. Quantum simulation of gauge theories is however challenging since the gauge symmetry is not naturally present in the ultra-cold atomic systems. I will review the current status of theoretical proposals for quantum simulation of field theories and then focus on our recent work on an explicitly gauge-invariant formulation of the Abelian-Higgs model for simulation on optical lattices.
7
1. 2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
8
1. 3 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
The NOvA experiment is an off-axis long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using the NuMI $\nu_{\mu}$ beam originating at Fermilab. By examining the disappearance of muon neutrinos and the appearance of electron neutrinos between the near detector at Fermilab and the far detector in Ash River, MN, NOvA has the potential to help answer a number of fundamental questions: Are the neutrinos' masses ordered the same way as those of the charged leptons? Do leptons experience charge-parity violation? Are there underlying symmetries in the way the neutrino states mix with one another? In this talk I will present NOvA's most recent constraints on the answers to those questions utilizing muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance. These updated results are based on a 50% increase in exposure relative to previous results as well as numerous simulation and analysis improvements.
9
1. 12:15 pm, Building 510, Room 2-160
2. 2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
The MHV action is the Yang-Mills action quantized on the light-front, where the two explicit physical gluonic degrees of freedom have been canonically transformed to a new set of fields. This transformation leads to the action with vertices being off-shell continuations of the MHV amplitudes. We show that the solution to the field transformation expressing one of the new fields in terms of the Yang-Mills field is a certain type of the Wilson line. More precisely, it is a straight infinite gauge link with a slope extending to the light-cone minus and the transverse direction. One of the consequences of that fact is that certain MHV vertices reduced partially on-shell are gauge invariant — a fact discovered before using conventional light-front perturbation theory. We also analyze the diagrammatic content of the field transformations leading to the MHV action. We found that the diagrams for the solution to the transformation (given by the Wilson line) and its inverse differ only by light-front energy denominators.
10
1. No events scheduled
11
1. No events scheduled
12
1. 3 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
The LHC experiments require huge, ever-increasing volumes of data to explore the frontiers of particle physics, and the grid provides the infrastructure to meet this challenge. Today, even medium sized experiments produce petabytes of data that need to be analysed by international collaborations and the relationship between particle physicists and their data has had to evolve to keep pace. Calibrating and systematically understanding detectors requires detailed information, deep learning algorithms promise to allow us to fully exploit our experiments, and on the other hand we want to analyse our data quickly and be the first to publish. This talk will first describe how, shortly after the Higgs discovery, ATLAS realised that the way that analysis was done had to change, and will briefly illustrate what those changes entailed. Next, the NA62 experiment will be described. Recording a billion events per day, NA62 aims to measure the very rare decay of a charged kaon to a charged pion and two neutrinos. The collaboration had to quickly implement petabyte scale data processing infrastructure to perform the sub-nanosecond calibrations needed to challenge the 10% precision of the theory prediction.
13
1. No events scheduled
14
1. 2 am, CFN, Bldg. 735 - first, floor, conference room A
Hosted by: Mingzhao Liu
Solar radiation is a vast, distributed, and renewable energy source which Humanity can utilize via the photovoltaic effect. The goal of photovoltaic technology is to minimize the true costs, while maximizing the power conversion efficiency and lifetime of the cell/module. Interface-related approaches to achieving this goal are explored here, for two technologically-important classes of light absorbers: crystalline-silicon (c-Si) and metal halide perovskite (MHP). The simplest solar cell consists of a light absorber, sandwiched between two metals with dissimilar work functions. Carrier-selective contacts (CSC's), which are ubiquitous in modern solar cells, are added to improve the electrical performance. Solar cells require asymmetric carrier transport within the cell, which can be effected via electrostatic and/or effective fields, and CSC's augment the asymmetry by selectively transporting holes to one contact, and electrons to the other contact. The proper design and implementation of a CSC is crucial, as the performance, lifetime, and/or cost reduction of a solar cell can be hampered by a single interface or layer. A framework, consisting of eight core requirements, was developed from first-principles to evaluate the effectiveness of a given CSC. The framework includes some requirements which are well-recognized, such as the need for appropriate band offsets, and some requirements which are not well-recognized at the moment, such as the need for effective valence/conduction band density of states matching between the absorber and CSC. The application of the framework to multiple silicon-based and MHP-based CSC's revealed the difficulties of effectively designing and implementing a CSC. Three metal oxide/c-Si heterojunctions initially expected to yield comparable electron-selective contacts (ESC's), titanium dioxide/c-Si (TiO2/c-Si), zinc oxide/c-Si (ZnO/c-Si), and tin dioxide/c-Si (SnO2/c-Si), were instead discovered to be widely diff
15
1. 11 am, ISB Bldg. 734 Seminar Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Mark Dean
5d transition metal oxides have emerged as a novel playground for some of the most outstanding and challenging problems in condensed matter physics, such as metal-insulator transition and quantum magnetism. In particular, layered iridates hosting square lattices of IrO6 octahedra have drawn significant interests due to the electronic and magnetic analogy with high-Tc cuprates. However, materials of this kind are limited to a few Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) compounds. In this talk, I will discuss our recent work on overcoming this bottleneck by constructing such two-dimensional (2D) structures confined in superlattices grown by heteroepitaxy. By leveraging the layering control of epitaxial growth, we are not only able to develop new structural variants of layered iridates, but also unravel and exploit the intriguing spin-orbit-driven 2D magnetism beyond the cuprate physics yet invisible in the RP iridates. The results demonstrate the power of this approach in tailing the exchange interactions, enabling new magnetic controls, and providing unique insights into the emergent phenomena of 5d electrons.
2. 12:30 pm, Building 510, Room 2-160
3. 1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Robert Konik
We obtain a controlled description of a strongly correlated regime of electronic behaviour. We argue that there are two ways to characterise the electronic degree of freedom, either by the canonical fermion algebra or by the graded Lie algebra su(2|2). The first underlies the Fermi liquid description of correlated matter, and we identify a novel regime governed by the latter. We obtain the electronic spectral function within a controlled approximation, and find a splitting in two of the electronic band. The Luttinger sum rule is violated and a Mott metal-insulator transition is exhibited.
4. 3 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
Precision measurements of various asymmetries in neutron decay permit an extraction of the weak axial-vector coupling constant, gA, a fundamental quantity important for weak-interaction physics and as a benchmark for lattice QCD calculations. I will discuss a recent new result from the UCNA Experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory for a 0.16% precision result on gA from a measurement of the 'A' asymmetry, which represents the parity-violating angular correlation between the neutron's spin and the decay electron's momentum. This long-standing effort was carried out with a superconducting solenoidal electron spectrometer at the LANL Ultracold Neutron (UCN) facility. This new result will be placed in the context of historical results for gA and recent discrepant values for the neutron lifetime obtained via different experimental techniques. I will also discuss the first-ever extraction of the Fierz interference term 'b' in free neutron decay from an analysis of the electron's spectral shape as measured in the UCNA Experiment. A non-zero 'b' term would result from beyond-Standard Model interactions, such as Scalar or Tensor physics. Although the result for 'b' from the UCNA Experiment was systematics limited, it points to the requisite significant improvements in the characterization of the detector energy response that future experiments aimed at a measurement of 'b' will need to achieve in order to probe beyond Standard Model physics at a competitive precision.
16
1. 12:15 pm, Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
2. 1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Robert Konik
In this talk we review the slave boson meanfield formulation of the fermion+boson quantum dimer model for the pseudogap phase of the high temperature superconductors. We show that in the presence of weak slowly varying external magnetic and electric fields the fermionic dimers undergo semiclassical motion in the external field. As a result in the presence of magnetic fields strong enough to destroy superconductivity the dimers undergo quantum oscillations. Indeed they satisfy Onsager quantization for their orbits and Lifshtiz-Kosevich formula for the amplitude of oscillations. We also compute the effective charges of the dimers in the presence of external magnetic fields as a function of temperature. We show that the effective magnetic charge changes sign from negative −e at low temperature to positive +e at high temperature. This leads to a change of the sign of the Hall coeÿcient as a function of temperature. We also compute the magnetoresistance as a function of the external field and temperature within a linearized Boltzmann equation approximation for the fermionic dimers. Furthermore we further show that the dimers undergo a Lifshitz transition as a function of doping with a van Hove singularity appearing at the Fermi surface near optimal doping ∼ 20%. Indeed the van Hove singularity leads to a divergence of the density of states and as such an optimum Tc. We study the interplay of nematic fluctuations and the van Hove singularity both of which occur near optimal doping. We show that the van Hove singularity modifies the critical properties of the QCP (quantum critical point) for nematic fluctuations and that the QCP may be described by Hertz Millis like theory with z = 4. This allows us to calculate the critical exponents of the nematic fluctuations and to show that the fermionic dimers have non-Fermi liquid behavior near the QCP with the self energy diverging ∼ |ω3/4| near the QCP.
3. 2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrey Tarasov
It is well known that BFKL gives anomalous dimensions of twist-2 operators of spin j in the "BFKL limit'' $g^2\righarrow 0,\omega\equiv j-1\righarrow 0,{g^2\over\omega}$ fixed. I demonstrate that such limit describes the non-local light-ray operators and present the results of calculation of two- and three-point correlation functions of these operators in this limit. The calculation is performed in ${\cal N}$=4 SYM but the result is valid in other gauge theories such as QCD.
17
1. No events scheduled
18
1. No events scheduled
19
1. No events scheduled
20
1. MAR
20
Today
11 am, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, March 20, 2018, 11:00 am
Hosted by: Lijuan Ruan
Recent years, evidence for collective effects has been revealed in pp and pPb collisions when looking at events releasing large number of particles. The experimental observations lead to a debate of the formation of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma in those small collision systems. Azimuthal anisotropy coefficient (vn) of heavy-flavor particles, and especially the comparison to light flavor particles vn, can shed light on the strength of the coupling between heavy flavor quarks and the hypothesized hydrodynamic medium at a significantly reduces size, and impose further constrains on different interpretations related to the origin of the observed collectivity. In this talk, the most recent results of prompt D0 meson elliptic flow (v2) in high-multiplicity pPb collisions are presented over a wide transverse momentum range. The results are compared to those of strange hadrons, including Kshort, Lambda, Cascade and Omega particles.
2. MAR
20
Today
2 pm, Building 480 Conference Room
Tuesday, March 20, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Yimei Zhu
Recent-generation TEM/STEM instruments fitted with an electron monochromator provide an energy resolution down to 0.01 eV for electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and are themselves capable of achieving a spatial resolution approaching 0.1 nm. Besides offering the possibility of vibrational-mode EELS for examining chemical bonds, these instruments could be useful for mapping the electronic properties (e.g. band gap) of insulators and semiconductors. However, basic physics imposes a spatial resolution of few nm (or tens of nm) for energy loss below 10 eV, due to delocalization of the inelastic scattering. We will discuss what might be done to improve the spatial resolution, to make low-loss EELS competitive with other techniques.
3. MAR
20
Today
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, March 20, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
This is an introduction to how atomic nuclei and other quantum few- and many-body systems can be studied using lattice simulations. The first part of the talk explains the basic formalism called lattice effective field theory. The rest of the talk is a discussion of novel methods and the new physics insights one gains with each. The methods discussed are the adiabatic projection method for scattering and reaction calculations, pinhole algorithm for probing structure and thermodynamic properties, and eigenvector continuation for extending calculations to regions of parameter space where things otherwise break down.
21
1. MAR
21
Wednesday
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Wednesday, March 21, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
22
1. MAR
22
Thursday
1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Thursday, March 22, 2018, 1:30 pm
Hosted by: Robert Konik
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a relatively new technique for probing low energy excitations in materials. In addition to traditional techniques, such as angle resolved photoemission, it has become an important, high precision characterization tool of strongly correlated electron materials. To calculate RIXS, and related core and valence level spectra, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) based on a self-energy corrected density functional theory electronic structure. I outline our implementation of the BSE and use SrVO3 for demonstration. The sensitivity of spectral features to the self-energy approximation – whether G0W0, qpscGW, or DMFT – is highlighted. To include interactions beyond the usual BSE I introduce the cumulant expansion. Spectral functions derived from a GW self-energy are typically inadequate when the dressed Green's function is built via the Dyson equation. With the same GW self-energy, a superior Green's function and spectral function, implicitly including vertex corrections, is obtained through the cumulant expansion. I consider application of the GW-cumulant expansion to photoemission, photoabsorption, and X-ray scattering. Lastly, vibronic coupling has important impacts on these spectra. I show how to calculation the phonon contribution to photoemission, absorption and scattering with a vibronic cumulant.
2. MAR
22
Thursday
4 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Thursday, March 22, 2018, 4:00 pm
Edward Sierra will provide a talk on Marie Curie, an extraordinary scientist, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and still the only one awarded with two Nobel Prizes. Ed's interest in the early pioneers of radioactivity was piqued by the discussions he had many years ago with the renowned Dr. Maurice Goldhaber, the prominent physicist and a former Laboratory Director at Brookhaven National Laboratory. He learned that Goldhaber was a student under Sir James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University and that he attended a graduate course in Berlin given by Dr. Lise Meitner. Ed's research on Meitner led to an interest in Marie Curie. Her work and life is the topic of this talk.
23
1. MAR
23
Friday
12:15 pm, Building 510, Room - 2-160
Friday, March 23, 2018, 12:15 pm
24
1. No events scheduled
25
1. No events scheduled
26
1. No events scheduled
27
1. MAR
27
Tuesday
7 pm, Napper Tandy's 60 E. Main Street Bay Shore, N
Tuesday, March 27, 2018, 7:00 pm
28
1. No events scheduled
29
1. MAR
29
Thursday
1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Thursday, March 29, 2018, 1:30 pm
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
TBD
30
1. No events scheduled
31
1. No events scheduled
1. MAR
20
Today
Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Probing the collectivity of heavy quarks in pPb collisions with prompt D0 elliptic flow using CMS detector"
Presented by Zhenyu Chen, Rice University
11 am, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, March 20, 2018, 11:00 am
Hosted by: Lijuan Ruan
Recent years, evidence for collective effects has been revealed in pp and pPb collisions when looking at events releasing large number of particles. The experimental observations lead to a debate of the formation of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma in those small collision systems. Azimuthal anisotropy coefficient (vn) of heavy-flavor particles, and especially the comparison to light flavor particles vn, can shed light on the strength of the coupling between heavy flavor quarks and the hypothesized hydrodynamic medium at a significantly reduces size, and impose further constrains on different interpretations related to the origin of the observed collectivity. In this talk, the most recent results of prompt D0 meson elliptic flow (v2) in high-multiplicity pPb collisions are presented over a wide transverse momentum range. The results are compared to those of strange hadrons, including Kshort, Lambda, Cascade and Omega particles.
2. MAR
20
Today
Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Spatial Resolution of Low-Loss EELS"
Presented by R.F. Egerton, University of Alberta, Canada
2 pm, Building 480 Conference Room
Tuesday, March 20, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Yimei Zhu
Recent-generation TEM/STEM instruments fitted with an electron monochromator provide an energy resolution down to 0.01 eV for electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and are themselves capable of achieving a spatial resolution approaching 0.1 nm. Besides offering the possibility of vibrational-mode EELS for examining chemical bonds, these instruments could be useful for mapping the electronic properties (e.g. band gap) of insulators and semiconductors. However, basic physics imposes a spatial resolution of few nm (or tens of nm) for energy loss below 10 eV, due to delocalization of the inelastic scattering. We will discuss what might be done to improve the spatial resolution, to make low-loss EELS competitive with other techniques.
3. MAR
20
Today
Physics Colloquium
"Nuclear lattice simulations"
Presented by Dean Lee, Michigan State University
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, March 20, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
This is an introduction to how atomic nuclei and other quantum few- and many-body systems can be studied using lattice simulations. The first part of the talk explains the basic formalism called lattice effective field theory. The rest of the talk is a discussion of novel methods and the new physics insights one gains with each. The methods discussed are the adiabatic projection method for scattering and reaction calculations, pinhole algorithm for probing structure and thermodynamic properties, and eigenvector continuation for extending calculations to regions of parameter space where things otherwise break down.
4. MAR
21
Wednesday
HET Seminar
"Empirical Determination of Dark Matter Velocities"
Presented by Lina Necib, Caltech
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Wednesday, March 21, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
5. MAR
22
Thursday
Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Accurate spectral calculations for testing electronic structures, low energy excitations, and vibronic interactions"
Presented by Keith Gilmore, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, France
1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Thursday, March 22, 2018, 1:30 pm
Hosted by: Robert Konik
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a relatively new technique for probing low energy excitations in materials. In addition to traditional techniques, such as angle resolved photoemission, it has become an important, high precision characterization tool of strongly correlated electron materials. To calculate RIXS, and related core and valence level spectra, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) based on a self-energy corrected density functional theory electronic structure. I outline our implementation of the BSE and use SrVO3 for demonstration. The sensitivity of spectral features to the self-energy approximation – whether G0W0, qpscGW, or DMFT – is highlighted. To include interactions beyond the usual BSE I introduce the cumulant expansion. Spectral functions derived from a GW self-energy are typically inadequate when the dressed Green's function is built via the Dyson equation. With the same GW self-energy, a superior Green's function and spectral function, implicitly including vertex corrections, is obtained through the cumulant expansion. I consider application of the GW-cumulant expansion to photoemission, photoabsorption, and X-ray scattering. Lastly, vibronic coupling has important impacts on these spectra. I show how to calculation the phonon contribution to photoemission, absorption and scattering with a vibronic cumulant.
6. MAR
23
Friday
HET Lunch Discussion /Neutrino Discovery Initative
"Boosted Dark Matter at DUNE"
Presented by Lina Necib, Caltech
12:15 pm, Building 510, Room - 2-160
Friday, March 23, 2018, 12:15 pm
7. MAR
27
Tuesday
PubSci
"PubSci: Nuclear Medicine for Personalized Cancer Treatment"
7 pm, Napper Tandy's 60 E. Main Street Bay Shore, N
Tuesday, March 27, 2018, 7:00 pm
8. MAR
29
Thursday
Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"TBD"
Presented by Andreas Weichselbaum, Brookhaven National Lab
1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Thursday, March 29, 2018, 1:30 pm
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
TBD
9. APR
3
Tuesday
Physics Colloquium
"Eigenstate thermalization and its implications to statistical mechanics"
Presented by Anatoli Polkovnikov, Boston University
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, April 3, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Rob Pisarski
In this talk I will overview recent developments in understanding quantum chaos through random matrix theory. I will discuss various conjectures on the nature of quantum stationary states in chaotic systems and show numerical evidence supporting them. It is the random nature of eigenstates, which ultimately leads to loss of information about initial conditions and leads to emergence of statistical mechanics in isolated systems. I will then introduce the so-called Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) ansatz first proposed by J. Deutsch and M. Srednicki in 90th, which gives a unified framework for the structure of physical observable in quantum chaotic systems. I will demonstrate how the ETH ansatz naturally leads to emergence of various thermodynamic relations. At the end of the talk I will mention some open problems.
10. APR
4
Wednesday
HET Seminar
"Excluding a thin dark matter disk in the Milky Way with Gaia DR1"
Presented by Katelin Schutz, UC Berkeley
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Wednesday, April 4, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
If a component of the dark matter has dissipative interactions, it could collapse to form a thin dark disk in our Galaxy coincident with the baryonic disk. It has been suggested that dark disks could explain a variety of observed phenomena, including mass extinction events due to periodic comet impacts. Using the first data release from the Gaia space observatory, I will present the results of a search for a dark disk via its effect on stellar kinematics in the Milky Way. I will discuss our strong new limits that disfavor the presence of a thin dark matter disk and present updated measurements on the total matter density in the solar neighborhood.
11. APR
5
Thursday
Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Bin Chen, Director, Shanghai Laboratory of HPSTAR, China
1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Seminar Room 201 (upstairs)
Thursday, April 5, 2018, 1:30 pm
Hosted by: Cedomir Petrovic
12. APR
5
Thursday
Particle Physics Seminar
"Time for High Luminosity – a new Detector for ATLAS"
Presented by Joern Lange, Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona
3 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Thursday, April 5, 2018, 3:00 pm
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
13. APR
6
Friday
Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Andreas Schmitt, University of Southampton
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Friday, April 6, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Chun Shen
14. APR
17
Tuesday
Physics Colloquium
"Plasma science - From laboratory-fusion to astrophysical plasmas"
Presented by Fatima Ebrahimi, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Princeton University
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, April 17, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Rob Pisarski
Our universe is immersed in magnetized plasma, electrically conducting ionized gas. Some of the most fundamental and long-standing astrophysical problems, such as the magnetization of the universe, collimation of astrophysical jets, the accretion process and transport in astrophysical disks (surrounding e.g. black holes) and their coronas can only be explored through plasma physics. Our sun as a natural laboratory for plasma physics provides inspiring as well as challenging problems, including its dynamo cycles, heating, and the replication of its core reaction, fusion energy, on earth in a lab. There is an abundance of observational/experimental data emerging from natural phenomena of space and astrophysical plasmas, as well as laboratory plasma experiments, for plasma physicists to explore. I will review some of these topics, in particular magnetic reconnection, the rearrangement of the magnetic ?field topology of plasmas, which energizes many processes in nature and has been shown to also be critical in the nonlinear dynamics of many processes in toroidal fusion plasmas. Using global simulations, I will demonstrate the instrumental role of magnetic reconnection, which enables an innovative technique for producing current in fusion plasmas.
15. APR
18
Wednesday
Joint BNL/SBU HET seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Csaba Csaki, Cornell University
2:30 pm, YITP
Wednesday, April 18, 2018, 2:30 pm
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
16. APR
24
Tuesday
Physics Colloquium
"Nature vs. Nurture in Complex (and Not-So-Complex) Systems"
Presented by Daniel Stein, NYU
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, April 24, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Rob Pisarski
Understanding the dynamical behavior of many-particle systems following a deep quench is a central issue in both statistical mechanics and complex systems theory. One of the basic questions centers on the issue of predictability: given a system with a random initial state evolving through a well-defined stochastic dynamics, how much of the information contained in the state at future times depends on the initial condition (nature'') and how much on the dynamical realization (nurture'')? We discuss this question and present both old and new results for both homogeneous and random systems in low and high dimension.
17. APR
25
Wednesday
Joint BNL/SBU HET Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Matthew Buckley, Rutgers University
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Wednesday, April 25, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
18. MAY
14
Monday
Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Superconductivity and quantum paraelectric fluctuations in STO"
Presented by Alexander Balatsky, Los Alamos National Laboratory
1:30 pm, ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Monday, May 14, 2018, 1:30 pm
Hosted by: Laura Classen
STO is one of the earliest examples of superconductivity in oxides. With the pioneering discovery of the superconductivity in STO interfaces the field of emergent states at interfaces has been rapidly growing. Recently we come to realize that the key to a lot of puzzles in these devices lies in the complicated states of bulk STO[1,2]. Superconducting state is STO exhibits the dome as a function of doping. STO is also a known quantum paraelectric. Historically ferroelectric quantum criticality and superconducting dome in STO were assumed to be unrelated. We propose that they are in fact closely connected. We suggest that ferroelectric quantum criticality can induce superconductivity. We will present our results on investigation of the origin of superconductivity in doped STO using a combination of density functional and strong coupling theory[3]. Our approach suggests a model in which the ferroelectric soft mode fluctuations provide the pairing interaction for superconductivity carriers. This approach adds to the range of superconducting states induced by quantum criticality beyond magnetic and valence fluctuations[3,4,5]. Based on this model we made a prediction that superconducting Tc will increase with increasing 18O isotope substitution, a scenario that is experimentally verifiable[6]. We also discuss proposal to use strain as another tool to control paraelectric fluctuations and thus control superconductivity in STO[7]. We will illustrate the ongoing debate on the nature of the pairing states in bulk STO and in related heterostructure devices: the possibility to realize composite pairing states and multiband superconductivity[8]. [1]J. Haraldsen et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 020103(R) (2011), [2]J. Haraldsen et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 134501 (2012), [3]J. Edge et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 247002 (2015), [4] Y. Kedem et.al, Physical Review B 93 , 184507 (2016), [5] CW Rischau et al, Nature Physics, 13, 643–648 (2017) [6] A. Stucky, et.al, Sci
19. MAY
16
Wednesday
HET Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Anastassios Vladikas, INFN Roma Tor Vergata
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Wednesday, May 16, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Mattia Bruno
20. MAY
23
Wednesday
HET Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Stefan Prestel, Fermilab
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Wednesday, May 23, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
21. MAY
25
Friday
Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Stanley Brodsky, Standford Univeristy
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Friday, May 25, 2018, 2:00 pm
22. JUL
9
Monday
Office of Educational Programs Event
"High School Research Program Begins"
8 am, Berkner Hall Auditorium
Monday, July 9, 2018, 8:00 am
Hosted by: Aleida Perez
1. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Correlators of twist-2 light-ray operators in the BFKL approximation"
Presented by Ian Balitsky
Friday, March 16, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrey Tarasov
It is well known that BFKL gives anomalous dimensions of twist-2 operators of spin j in the "BFKL limit'' $g^2\righarrow 0,\omega\equiv j-1\righarrow 0,{g^2\over\omega}$ fixed. I demonstrate that such limit describes the non-local light-ray operators and present the results of calculation of two- and three-point correlation functions of these operators in this limit. The calculation is performed in ${\cal N}$=4 SYM but the result is valid in other gauge theories such as QCD.
2. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Quantum dimer models for high temperature superconductors"
Presented by Garry Goldstein, Cambridge University, United Kingdom
Friday, March 16, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Robert Konik
In this talk we review the slave boson meanfield formulation of the fermion+boson quantum dimer model for the pseudogap phase of the high temperature superconductors. We show that in the presence of weak slowly varying external magnetic and electric fields the fermionic dimers undergo semiclassical motion in the external field. As a result in the presence of magnetic fields strong enough to destroy superconductivity the dimers undergo quantum oscillations. Indeed they satisfy Onsager quantization for their orbits and Lifshtiz-Kosevich formula for the amplitude of oscillations. We also compute the effective charges of the dimers in the presence of external magnetic fields as a function of temperature. We show that the effective magnetic charge changes sign from negative −e at low temperature to positive +e at high temperature. This leads to a change of the sign of the Hall coeÿcient as a function of temperature. We also compute the magnetoresistance as a function of the external field and temperature within a linearized Boltzmann equation approximation for the fermionic dimers. Furthermore we further show that the dimers undergo a Lifshitz transition as a function of doping with a van Hove singularity appearing at the Fermi surface near optimal doping ∼ 20%. Indeed the van Hove singularity leads to a divergence of the density of states and as such an optimum Tc. We study the interplay of nematic fluctuations and the van Hove singularity both of which occur near optimal doping. We show that the van Hove singularity modifies the critical properties of the QCP (quantum critical point) for nematic fluctuations and that the QCP may be described by Hertz Millis like theory with z = 4. This allows us to calculate the critical exponents of the nematic fluctuations and to show that the fermionic dimers have non-Fermi liquid behavior near the QCP with the self energy diverging ∼ |ω3/4| near the QCP.
3. HET Lunch Discussions
"Updated Global SMEFT Fit to Higgs, Diboson and Electroweak Data"
Presented by Christopher Murphy, BNL
Friday, March 16, 2018, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
4. Particle Physics Seminar
"Precision Measurements of Asymmetries and Spectra in Neutron Decay"
Presented by Brad Plaster, University of Kentucky
Thursday, March 15, 2018, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
Precision measurements of various asymmetries in neutron decay permit an extraction of the weak axial-vector coupling constant, gA, a fundamental quantity important for weak-interaction physics and as a benchmark for lattice QCD calculations. I will discuss a recent new result from the UCNA Experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory for a 0.16% precision result on gA from a measurement of the 'A' asymmetry, which represents the parity-violating angular correlation between the neutron's spin and the decay electron's momentum. This long-standing effort was carried out with a superconducting solenoidal electron spectrometer at the LANL Ultracold Neutron (UCN) facility. This new result will be placed in the context of historical results for gA and recent discrepant values for the neutron lifetime obtained via different experimental techniques. I will also discuss the first-ever extraction of the Fierz interference term 'b' in free neutron decay from an analysis of the electron's spectral shape as measured in the UCNA Experiment. A non-zero 'b' term would result from beyond-Standard Model interactions, such as Scalar or Tensor physics. Although the result for 'b' from the UCNA Experiment was systematics limited, it points to the requisite significant improvements in the characterization of the detector energy response that future experiments aimed at a measurement of 'b' will need to achieve in order to probe beyond Standard Model physics at a competitive precision.
5. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Splitting of electrons and violation of the Luttinger sum rule"
Presented by Eoin Quinn, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
Thursday, March 15, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Robert Konik
We obtain a controlled description of a strongly correlated regime of electronic behaviour. We argue that there are two ways to characterise the electronic degree of freedom, either by the canonical fermion algebra or by the graded Lie algebra su(2|2). The first underlies the Fermi liquid description of correlated matter, and we identify a novel regime governed by the latter. We obtain the electronic spectral function within a controlled approximation, and find a splitting in two of the electronic band. The Luttinger sum rule is violated and a Mott metal-insulator transition is exhibited.
6. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Hadronic light-by-light scattering in the muon g-2"
Presented by Andreas Nyffeler, University of Mainz
Thursday, March 15, 2018, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
7. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Enabling emergent spin-orbit magnetism in iridate-based heterostructures"
Presented by Jian Liu, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Thursday, March 15, 2018, 11 am
ISB Bldg. 734 Seminar Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Mark Dean
5d transition metal oxides have emerged as a novel playground for some of the most outstanding and challenging problems in condensed matter physics, such as metal-insulator transition and quantum magnetism. In particular, layered iridates hosting square lattices of IrO6 octahedra have drawn significant interests due to the electronic and magnetic analogy with high-Tc cuprates. However, materials of this kind are limited to a few Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) compounds. In this talk, I will discuss our recent work on overcoming this bottleneck by constructing such two-dimensional (2D) structures confined in superlattices grown by heteroepitaxy. By leveraging the layering control of epitaxial growth, we are not only able to develop new structural variants of layered iridates, but also unravel and exploit the intriguing spin-orbit-driven 2D magnetism beyond the cuprate physics yet invisible in the RP iridates. The results demonstrate the power of this approach in tailing the exchange interactions, enabling new magnetic controls, and providing unique insights into the emergent phenomena of 5d electrons.
8. Center for Functional Nanomaterials Seminar
"Metal oxide/semiconductor heterojunctions as carrier-selective contacts for photovoltaic applications"
Presented by Gabriel Man
Wednesday, March 14, 2018, 2 am
CFN, Bldg. 735 - first, floor, conference room A
Hosted by: Mingzhao Liu
Solar radiation is a vast, distributed, and renewable energy source which Humanity can utilize via the photovoltaic effect. The goal of photovoltaic technology is to minimize the true costs, while maximizing the power conversion efficiency and lifetime of the cell/module. Interface-related approaches to achieving this goal are explored here, for two technologically-important classes of light absorbers: crystalline-silicon (c-Si) and metal halide perovskite (MHP). The simplest solar cell consists of a light absorber, sandwiched between two metals with dissimilar work functions. Carrier-selective contacts (CSC's), which are ubiquitous in modern solar cells, are added to improve the electrical performance. Solar cells require asymmetric carrier transport within the cell, which can be effected via electrostatic and/or effective fields, and CSC's augment the asymmetry by selectively transporting holes to one contact, and electrons to the other contact. The proper design and implementation of a CSC is crucial, as the performance, lifetime, and/or cost reduction of a solar cell can be hampered by a single interface or layer. A framework, consisting of eight core requirements, was developed from first-principles to evaluate the effectiveness of a given CSC. The framework includes some requirements which are well-recognized, such as the need for appropriate band offsets, and some requirements which are not well-recognized at the moment, such as the need for effective valence/conduction band density of states matching between the absorber and CSC. The application of the framework to multiple silicon-based and MHP-based CSC's revealed the difficulties of effectively designing and implementing a CSC. Three metal oxide/c-Si heterojunctions initially expected to yield comparable electron-selective contacts (ESC's), titanium dioxide/c-Si (TiO2/c-Si), zinc oxide/c-Si (ZnO/c-Si), and tin dioxide/c-Si (SnO2/c-Si), were instead discovered to be widely diff
9. Particle Physics Seminar
"From first beam to particle physics discoveries with petabytes of data"
Presented by Paul Laycock, CERN
Monday, March 12, 2018, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
The LHC experiments require huge, ever-increasing volumes of data to explore the frontiers of particle physics, and the grid provides the infrastructure to meet this challenge. Today, even medium sized experiments produce petabytes of data that need to be analysed by international collaborations and the relationship between particle physicists and their data has had to evolve to keep pace. Calibrating and systematically understanding detectors requires detailed information, deep learning algorithms promise to allow us to fully exploit our experiments, and on the other hand we want to analyse our data quickly and be the first to publish. This talk will first describe how, shortly after the Higgs discovery, ATLAS realised that the way that analysis was done had to change, and will briefly illustrate what those changes entailed. Next, the NA62 experiment will be described. Recording a billion events per day, NA62 aims to measure the very rare decay of a charged kaon to a charged pion and two neutrinos. The collaboration had to quickly implement petabyte scale data processing infrastructure to perform the sub-nanosecond calibrations needed to challenge the 10% precision of the theory prediction.
10. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Yang-Mills action on the light front: MHV amplitudes and Wilson lines"
Presented by Anna Stasto, Penn State
Friday, March 9, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
The MHV action is the Yang-Mills action quantized on the light-front, where the two explicit physical gluonic degrees of freedom have been canonically transformed to a new set of fields. This transformation leads to the action with vertices being off-shell continuations of the MHV amplitudes. We show that the solution to the field transformation expressing one of the new fields in terms of the Yang-Mills field is a certain type of the Wilson line. More precisely, it is a straight infinite gauge link with a slope extending to the light-cone minus and the transverse direction. One of the consequences of that fact is that certain MHV vertices reduced partially on-shell are gauge invariant — a fact discovered before using conventional light-front perturbation theory. We also analyze the diagrammatic content of the field transformations leading to the MHV action. We found that the diagrams for the solution to the transformation (given by the Wilson line) and its inverse differ only by light-front energy denominators.
11. HET Lunch Discussions
"An update on the HVP contribution to the muon g-2"
Presented by Christoph Lehner
Friday, March 9, 2018, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
12. Particle Physics Seminar
"New neutrino oscillation results from NOvA"
Presented by Jeremy Wolcott, Tufts University
Thursday, March 8, 2018, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
The NOvA experiment is an off-axis long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using the NuMI $\nu_{\mu}$ beam originating at Fermilab. By examining the disappearance of muon neutrinos and the appearance of electron neutrinos between the near detector at Fermilab and the far detector in Ash River, MN, NOvA has the potential to help answer a number of fundamental questions: Are the neutrinos' masses ordered the same way as those of the charged leptons? Do leptons experience charge-parity violation? Are there underlying symmetries in the way the neutrino states mix with one another? In this talk I will present NOvA's most recent constraints on the answers to those questions utilizing muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance. These updated results are based on a 50% increase in exposure relative to previous results as well as numerous simulation and analysis improvements.
13. HET Seminar
"Dispersion relation for hadronic light-by-light scattering"
Presented by Peter Stoffer, UC San Diego
Wednesday, March 7, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
14. Physics Colloquium
"Quantum simulation of gauge theories in optical lattices"
Presented by Alexei Bazavov, Michigan State University
Tuesday, March 6, 2018, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrei Nomerotski
hile non-perturbative approaches such as lattice gauge theory led to significant advances in understanding the physics of strong interactions, many problems remain out of reach for classical computation, in particular, real-time dynamics or properties of QCD at finite baryon density that are being explored in heavy-ion collision experiments. Recent advances in the technology of engineering custom interactions for ultra-cold atomic gases in optical lattices opened a possibility for quantum simulations as was envisioned by R. Feynman in the 1980s. The main idea is that the degrees of freedom of the original system are mapped onto a quantum Hamiltonian whose dynamics can be realized in a laboratory. Many condensed matter Hamiltonians, such as Bose-Hubbard model, have been recently studied in this way. Quantum simulation of gauge theories is however challenging since the gauge symmetry is not naturally present in the ultra-cold atomic systems. I will review the current status of theoretical proposals for quantum simulation of field theories and then focus on our recent work on an explicitly gauge-invariant formulation of the Abelian-Higgs model for simulation on optical lattices.
15. Instrumentation Division Seminar
"Table-top MeV laser particle accelerator @ kHz repetition rate"
Presented by Enam Chowdhury, Department of Physics, Ohio State University
Tuesday, March 6, 2018, 2:30 pm
Large Conference Room, Bldg. 535
At the Extreme Light Lab at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, we explore light matter interaction at relativistic fields with liquid targets. Although demonstrations of up to 4 GeV1 electrons and ~100 MeV protons2 have been achieved in the past, all of these are not feasible as future accelerators, due to their slow duty cycle (usually single shot, rarely 1 Hz). There are many challenges to increasing the duty cycle, where laser technology, target technology, damage to system, target alignment, high repetition rate sub-micron plasma diagnostics provides nearly insurmountable obstacles. In this program, we developed ways to accelerate MeV x-rays, electrons3 and ions4 at kHz repetition rate with a small milli-joule class laser system, by developing a combination of suitable laser system, diagnostic system, target system and experimental data collection system capable of handling the high duty cycle. We also perform femtosecond-time resolution pump-probe imaging of the interaction, and extensive large scale relativistic laser plasma interaction simulations5 that reveal the nature of the acceleration processes. Such a system opens the door to extensive future application as a source for materials processing, radiation hardness testing, medical isotope production, time resolved proton probing on relativistic interactions, and many others.
16. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Looking ahead to BESII: new observables and new theoretical frameworks"
Presented by Yin Yi, MIT
Tuesday, March 6, 2018, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jia Jiangyong
Upcoming beam energy scan (BES) phase II will explore the QCD phase diagram with an unprecedented precision and would potentially discover the QCD critical point. I will discuss recent theoretical developments aim at maximizing the discovery potential of BESII from both phenomenological and formal perspectives. First, I will discuss new observables which are very sensitive to the presence of the QCD critical point and are possible due to the iTPC upgrade. In the second part, I will report recent progress on understanding and describing hydrodynamic fluctuations. Remarkably, effects of hydrodynamic fluctuations can be potentially important for precise determination of shear viscosity at top RHIC energy and would play a crucial role near the QCD critical point.
17. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Quark / Antiquark Correlations in Heavy-Light Ion Collisions"
Presented by Matt Sievert, LANL
Friday, March 2, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
It has long been known that sub-nucleonic fluctuations of the energy density in the initial stages of heavy ion collisions play an important role in generating the observed distributions of particles and their flow. These energy density fluctuations are dominated by the radiation of small-x gluons which are populated to classically large occupation numbers in the wave functions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions. While these soft gluons dominate the initial conditions for the energy density, it is quark production which determines the initial conditions of other conserved charges, like flavor and baryon number. With the recent development of state-of-the art hydrodynamics codes tailored to the Beam Energy Scan which can propagate these conserved charges into the final state, it is timely and important to calculate the initial conditions of these conserved charges from first principles in QCD. In this talk, I will present new results for the spatial correlations among quarks and antiquarks produced at mid-rapidity by pair production from small-x gluons. This single-pair production mechanism, which has been studied for some time in momentum space, is the leading contribution to these correlations in coordinate space for dilute-dense collisions. As one moves from the dilute-dense regime toward the dense-dense regime, correlations due to double pair production become more important, and these correlations persist over larger length scales than the single-pair production mechanism. Over nonperturbative length scales, only the correlations from the overlap geometry remain. I will present explicit results for quark-antiquark correlations due to single pair production, and I will outline some preliminary results for the various double-pair production mechanisms. The ultimate goal of this work will be to construct a code which can initialize these conserved charges over all length scales in heavy-ion collisions.
18. HET Lunch Discussions
"Semileptonic decays using Oktay-Kronfeld heavy quarks on the HISQ lattice"
Presented by Yong-Chull Jang, BNL
Friday, March 2, 2018, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
19. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"3D non-Fermi liquid behavior from 1D critical local moments"
Presented by Laura Classen, BNL
Thursday, March 1, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
We study the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity in a system composed of critical spin chains interacting with three dimensional conduction electrons and driven to criticality via an external magnetic field. The relevant experimental system is Yb2Pt2Pb, a metal where itinerant electrons coexist with localized moments of Yb-ions which can be described in terms of effective S = 1/2 spins with dominantly one-dimensional exchange interaction. The spin subsystem becomes critical in a relatively weak magnetic field, where it behaves like a Luttinger liquid. We theoretically examine a Kondo lattice with different effective space dimensionalities of the two interacting sub-systems. We characterize the corresponding non-Fermi liquid behavior due to the "local criticality" from the spins by calculating the electronic relaxation rate and the dc resistivity and establish its quasi linear temperature dependence.
20. Joint BNL/SBU HET Seminar
"Searching for Light Dark Matter with Dirac Materials"
Presented by Yonatan Kahn, Princeton University
Wednesday, February 28, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
Dark matter with mass below a GeV is invisible to standard WIMP searches. In this talk I will present two recent proposals for direct detection of keV-GeV mass dark matter, both utilizing Dirac materials, where low-energy electronic excitations have linear dispersion relations and obey the Dirac equation. Dark matter with mass in the MeV-GeV range can eject electrons from graphene sheets, which can act as both targets and detectors when employed in a field-effect transistor mode, allowing directional detection. Dark matter as light as a few keV can excite electrons to the conduction band of Dirac semimetals like ZrTe5, where the linear dispersion protects the in-medium mass of the mediator and provides superior reach to a light dark photon mediator compared to superconductors. I will discuss recent progress towards experimental realizations of these proposals.
21. High-Energy Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar
"Preparing High Energy Physics Software for the Future - the Community White Paper"
Presented by Dr. Benedikt Hegner, CERN, Switzerland
Wednesday, February 28, 2018, 12 pm
Seminar Room, Bldg. 725
Hosted by: Eric Lancon
Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental program for the coming decades. This program requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment into R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyses the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the High Luminosity LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that their efforts complement each other. In this spirit, the High Energy Physics community has created a white paper (arXiv:1712.06982) to describe and define the R&D activities required in order to prepare for this software upgrade. This presentation describes the expected software and computing challenges, and the plans to address them that are laid out in the white paper.
22. Physics Colloquium
"The Multi-Messenger Picture of a Neutron Star Merger"
Presented by Brian Metzger, Columbia University
Tuesday, February 27, 2018, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
On August 17 the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave observatories detected the first binary neutron star merger event (GW170817), a discovery followed by the most ambitious electromagnetic (EM) follow-up campaign ever conducted. A gamma-ray burst (GRB) of short duration and very low luminosity was discovered by the Fermi and INTEGRAL satellites within 2 seconds of the merger. Within 11 hours, a bright but rapidly-fading thermal optical counterpart was discovered in the galaxy NGC 4993 at a distance of only 40 Mpc. The properties of the optical transient match remarkably well predictions for kilonova emission powered by the radioactive decay of heavy nuclei synthesized in the expanding merger ejecta by the r-process. The rapid spectral evolution of the kilonova emission to near-infrared wavelengths demonstrates that a portion of the ejecta contains heavy lanthanide nuclei. Two weeks after the merger, rising non-thermal X-ray and radio emission were detected from the position of the optical transient, consistent with delayed synchrotron afterglow radiation from an initially off-axis relativistic jet with the properties consistent with those of (on-axis) cosmological short GRB. I will describe a unified scenario for the range of EM counterparts from GW170817 and their implications for the astrophysical origin of the r-process and the properties of neutron stars. I will preview the upcoming era of multi-messenger astronomy, once Advanced LIGO/Virgo reach design sensitivity and a neutron star merger is detected every few weeks.
23. HET Lunch Seminar
"Recent indications of LU...... violations: A possible shaking of HEP in the making"
Presented by Amarjit Soni, BNL
Friday, February 23, 2018, 12 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
24. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Drell-Yan process beyond collinear approximation"
Presented by Stebel Tomasz, BNL
Thursday, February 22, 2018, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Yuya Tanizaki
25. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Topological Spin Excitations in a Highly Interconnected 3D Spin Lattice"
Presented by Yuan Li, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, China
Thursday, February 22, 2018, 11 am
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Mark Dean
The recent discovery of topological semimetals, which possess distinct electron-band crossing with non-trivial topological characteristics, has stimulated intense research interest. By extending the notion of symmetry-protected band crossing into one of the simplest magnetic groups, namely by including the symmetry of time-reversal followed by space-inversion, we predict the existence of topological magnon-band crossing in three-dimensional (3D) collinear antiferromagnets. The crossing takes on the forms of Dirac points and nodal lines, in the presence and absence, respectively, of the conservation of the total spin along the ordered moments. In a concrete example of a Heisenberg spin model for a "spin-web" compound, we theoretically demonstrate the presence of Dirac magnons over a wide parameter range using linear spin-wave approximation, and obtain the corresponding topological surface states [1]. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been carried out to detect the bulk magnon-band crossing in a single-crystal sample. The highly interconnected nature of the spin lattice suppresses quantum fluctuations and facilitates our experimental observation, leading to remarkably clean experimental data and very good agreement with the linear spin-wave calculations. The predicted topological band crossing is confirmed [2]. [1] K. Li et al., PRL 119, 247202 (2017). [2] W. Yao et al., arXiv:1711.00632.
26. HET Seminar
"Analysis of a Dilaton EFT for Lattice Data"
Presented by Thomas Appelquist, Yale University
Wednesday, February 21, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christoph Murphy
27. Particle Physics Seminar
"21-cm cosmology topics"
Presented by Dr. Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute
Thursday, February 15, 2018, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chris Sheehy
28. Physics Colloquium
"The Social Life of Heavy Quarks"
Presented by Marek Karliner, Tel Aviv University
Tuesday, February 13, 2018, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
I will discuss recent developments regarding new types of hadrons involving heavy quarks: hadronic molecules, doubly heavy baryons, stable tetraquarks and others. I will also explain how the discovery of the doubly heavy baryon leads to quark-level analogue of nuclear fusion, with energy release per reaction an order of magnitude greater than in ordinary fusion.
29. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Nematic superconductivity in topological materials"
Presented by Matt Smylie, Argonne National Laboratory
Tuesday, February 13, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Genda Gu
In a topological superconductor, a bulk superconducting gap induces a symmetry-protected gapless superconducting surface state. This surface state can host exotic Majorana zero modes, which are expected to revolutionize computation technology through energy-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing. In this talk, we will discuss the search for bulk topological superconductors and the discovery of nematic superconductivity in MxBi2Se3 (M=Cu,Sr,Nb), where the superconducting system spontaneously breaks rotational symmetry at Tc. The nematic superconducting state and possible origins of the rotational symmetry breaking will be explored, with many conventional causes being eliminated.
30. Computational Science Initiative Event
"Physics Informed Machine Learning"
Presented by Michael (Mischa) Chertkov, Los Alamos National Lab
Tuesday, February 13, 2018, 10:30 am
Seminar Room, Bldg. 725
Hosted by: Frank Alexander
Machine Learning (ML) capabilities are in a phase of tremendous growth, and there is great opportunity to point these tools toward physical modeling. The challenge is to incorporate domain expertise from traditional scientific discovery into next-generation ML models. We propose to develop new Physics Informed Machine Learning (PIML) algorithms that extend cutting-edge computational and algorithmic ML tools and merge them with physical knowledge in the form of constraints, symmetries, and domain expertise regarding effective degrees of freedom. This PIML methodology is illustrated on the following four enabling examples: 1. Topology and Parameter Estimation in Power Grids [based on arXiv:1710.10727] 2. Creating Turbulent Flows with Deep Learning [based on an APS/DFD2017 abstract] 3. Learning Graphical Models [Science 2018 in print; arXiv:1612.05024] 4. Renormalization of Tensor Networks (Graphical Models) [based on arXiv:1801.01649 and ICML2018 submission]
31. Joint Nuclear Theory and HET Seminar
"TeV Scale Lepton Number Violation: Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay & the LHC"
Presented by Michael Ramsey-Musolf, U. Mass. Amherst
Friday, February 9, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
32. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Biased nuclear gluon distribution from a reweighted JIMWLK small-x ensemble"
Presented by Adrian Dumitru, Baruch College/BNL
Thursday, February 8, 2018, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Yuya Tanizaki
33. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"New nonperturbative scales and glueballs in confining gauge theories"
Presented by Mohamed Anber, Lewis & Clark College
Friday, February 2, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
Studying confining gauge theories on a circle can provide answers to some of the deepest questions about QCD. In this talk, I start by summarizing the main characteristics shared by the compactified theories and their four dimensional cousins. Next, I show that the glueball spectrum of the compactified theories is much richer than what have been thought before. In particular, new nonperturbative scales and glueballs emerge in the deep IR regime of the theory. I discuss the spectrum in the context of super Yang-Mills and show that the lightest glueball states fill a chiral supermultiplet with doubly nonperturbative binding energy. I end with possible implications of these findings for the four dimensional gauge theories.
34. NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Combining high energy x-ray diffraction techniques with laser-induced fluorescence in operando catalysis"
Presented by Uta Hejral, Lund University, Sweden
Friday, February 2, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156
Hosted by: M. Abeykoon, S. Chodankar, B. Ocko, T. Tanabe, J. Thieme
35. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"The Coulomb Branch of N=4 SYM and Its Gravity dual as a New Holographic Model to QCD"
Presented by Kiminad Mamo, Stony Brook
Thursday, February 1, 2018, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Yuya Tanizaki
36. Joint BNL / SBU Seminar
"New SM Physics and the LHC"
Presented by Yuval Grossman, Cornell University
Wednesday, January 31, 2018, 2:30 pm
Stony Brook University YITP
37. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Establishing Jeff =3/2 Ground State in a Lacunar Spinel GaTa4Se8"
Presented by Myung Joon Han, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Wednesday, January 31, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Sangkook Choi
In this talk, after briefly introducing the research activities in my group, I will present our recent progress on GaTa4Se8 which is known as a 'paramagnetic Mott' insulator and exhibits superconducting transition under pressure. Its low temperature behaviors found in susceptibility and specific heat measurement have not yet been clearly understood. The important first step to study these intriguing phenomena and the relationship between them is to clarify the nature of its electronic and magnetic property. By using first-principles band structure calculation and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering technique, we show that GaTa4Se8 is a novel 'Jeff=3/2 Mott' insulator in which spin-orbit interaction plays a key role to form a gap together with electronic correlation. The excitations involving the Jeff = 1/2 molecular orbital are absent only at the Ta L2 edge, manifesting the realization of the molecular Jeff = 3/2 ground state in GaTa4Se8. Based on this finding, the possible consequences of the Jeff = 3/2 state will be discussed
38. Physics Colloquium
Presented by Jeff Peterson, Carnegie Mellon University
Tuesday, January 30, 2018, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrei Nomerotski
Fast Radio Bursts are millisecond flashes of radio emission that appear randomly across the sky. Since the first report of a burst in 2006, over 20 of these FRBs have been reported. I will review the evidence that FRB sources are at cosmological distances and therefore have inferred brightness temperatures as high as 10^35 K, twenty orders of magnitude higher than gamma ray bursts. The all-sky rate of these events is estimated to be about 5000 per day, so the new HIRAX telescope in South Africa will have the potential to detect 10 events per day. HIRAX will also localize the emission to a single galaxy, so there will be much more information on these mysterious objects in the next few years.
39. Joint Nuclear and Particle Physics Seminar
"The SNOLAB Science Programme: cutting-edge science from a deep hole in the ground"
Presented by Nigel Smith, SNOLab
Tuesday, January 30, 2018, 1:30 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Hong Ma
SNOLAB is a deep underground research facility, hosted 2km beneath the surface of the Earth in a working mine at Creighton, near Sudbury, Ontario. Initially the site of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, which unambiguously demonstrated flavour-change in neutrinos created in the fusion process of the Sun, SNOLAB now hosts a multi-disciplinary programme. Why do we need to go to such great depths to probe the Universe? This work, and several of the major questions studied in contemporary astro-particle and sub-atomic physics, such as the search for the Galactic dark matter, and studies of neutrinos from supernova, require the ultra-quiet radiation environment afforded by deep underground facilities like SNOLAB. In these facilities, the cosmic-radiation induced backgrounds in the detection systems are reduced to a manageable level, with additional shielding from natural ambient radioactivity and low background construction of detector systems. This talk will provide a review of the science programme at SNOLAB outlining the main science objectives, will review the detectors used for these studies, and outline future plans for the facility.
40. Particle Physics Seminar
"A Tale of Two Higgs"
Presented by Baojia Tong, Harvard University
Thursday, January 25, 2018, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
An enhanced production of double Higgs bosons at the LHC would be a clear sign of beyond Standard Model physics. An ATLAS search is performed for resonant and non-resonant production, where the two Higgs bosons both decay to a pair of Bottom quarks. The analyses use up to ~13/36 fb−1 of p-p collision data collected at 13 TeV. The talk will focus on the boosted analysis, with the resolved analysis introduced as well. Other RunII double Higgs search results and future prospect will also be discussed.
41. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Exact results on massless 3-flavor QCD through new anomaly matching"
Presented by Yuya Tanizaki, RBRC
Thursday, January 25, 2018, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Enrico Rinaldi
Recently, we find a new 't Hooft anomaly of massless 3-flavor QCD, and it turns out to be useful for constraining the possible chiral symmetry breaking at finite density and zero temperature. We briefly review the anomaly matching by a toy example, and show that massless 3-flavor QCD has an 't Hooft anomaly related to ''center'' and discrete axial symmetries. We also discuss its consequences on the expectation value of the special symmetry-twisting operator, which gives the phase diagram of so-called Z(3)-QCD.
42. Physics Colloquium
"Cold Atom Sensing: Gravity, Tomography, and Gyroscopes"
Presented by Steve Libby, LLNL
Tuesday, January 23, 2018, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Rob Pisarski
The ability to use lasers to cool atoms to micro-kelvin temperatures and to subsequently control their quantum mechanical behavior1 has led to the development of exquisitely precise 'quantum' sensors.2 Applications of these sensors include the measurement of local gravitational anomalies to unprecedented accuracy and very accurate, highly stable gyroscopes. Our LLNL - AOSense, Inc. collaboration is pursuing diverse applications of these sensors that directly exploit their extraordinary scale factor stability, low noise and bias drift characteristics. These applications include shielded threat detection in passing vehicles, emergency response, and treaty verification, all of which require rapid, passive methods to determine hidden mass configurations precisely and/or verify the masses present in containers. Such dense, localized objects can in principle be discovered and accurately measured by their effect on the local gravitational field.3 Furthermore, near field measurements of these gravitational perturbations from multiple vantage points allow for a kind of gravitational 'tomography,' leading to the real-time determination of the hidden mass distribution. Additionally, we are interested in the potential of atom interferometer Sagnac gyroscopes to do accurate 'dead reckoning' navigation without the aid of GPS.4 After reviewing the physics of atom interferometry in atomic fountain-Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac configurations, I will describe the development of a 'gravity tomography' signal analysis system for vehicle portals, including the optimal synthesis of the gravitational sensor signals with complementary radiation detection.
43. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Probing the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Open Heavy Flavor Mesons using CMS detector"
Presented by Professor Yen-Jie Lee, MIT
Tuesday, January 23, 2018, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Rongrong Ma
The measurements of heavy flavor production and collective flow could be used to extract the properties of the high-density QCD medium created in heavy-ion collisions as heavy quarks are sensitive to the transport properties of the medium and may interact with the QCD matter differently from light quarks. In particular, the comparison between the nuclear modification factors (RAA) of light- and heavy-flavor particles provides insights into the expected flavor dependence of in-medium parton energy loss. Furthermore, azimuthal anisotropy coefficient (vn) of heavy-flavor particles provide information about the degree of the thermalization of the bulk medium at low pT, and unique information about the path length dependence of heavy quark energy loss at high pT. Recently, a comprehensive heavy flavor program is established in the CMS collaboration including the detection of charm and beauty meson. Using the large statistics heavy ion data samples collected during the 2015 and 2016 LHC runs, high precision open charm and beauty measurements are performed with CMS over a wide transverse momentum range. This allows us to set an important milestone in our understanding of the interactions between heavy quarks and the medium. In this talk, the most recent results of v2 and v3 of D0 mesons in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV are presented and compared to the same results for charged hadrons at the same energy. Latest results on nuclear modification factor of D, non-prompt J/psi and B mesons in PbPb collisions are also presented.
44. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations in Hund's metals: Sr2RuO4"
Presented by Minjae Kim, École Polytechnique, France
Monday, January 22, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Gabi Kotliar
We investigate the interplay of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and Hund's rule coupling driven electronic correlations in Sr2RuO4 using dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the orbital diagonal components of the dynamical electronic correlations are unaffected by the SOC, which validates the concept of a Hund's metal in the presence of SOC. In contrast, SOC itself is enhanced by approximately a factor of two by electronic correlations. We introduce the concept of an energy dependent quasiparticle SOC, which is found to be essential in accounting simultaneously for: (i) the Fermi surface (ii) the low-energy dispersion of quasiparticles and (iii) the splitting between bands at higher binding energy. Our calculations are in good agreement with available experimental data. References: [1-4] [1] C. Veenstra et al., Physical Review Letters 112, 127002 (2014) [2] M. Haverkort et al., Physical Review Letters 101, 026406 (2008) [3] J. Mravlje et al., Physical Review Letters 106, 096401 (2011) [4] M. Kim et al., arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.02462 (2017)
45. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Semi-inclusive jet cross sections within SCET"
Presented by Felix Ringer, LBL
Friday, January 19, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
We review the de nition of semi-inclusive jet functions within Soft Collinear E ective Theory (SCET) and their application to inclusive jet cross sections. We consider the fully inclusive production cross section of jets as well as several jet substructure observables in proton-proton collisions relevant for the LHC and RHIC. The corresponding semi-inclusive jet functions satisfy renormalization group (RG) equations which take the form of standard timelike DGLAP evolution equations, analogous to collinear fragmentation functions. By solving these RG equations, the resummation of potentially large single logarithms n s lnn R can be achieved. We present numerical results at NLO+NLLR accuracy and compare to the available data.
46. Particle Physics Seminar
"Search for the Higgs boson produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a b quark pair with the ATLAS detector at LHC"
Presented by Thomas Calvet, Stony Brook University
Thursday, January 18, 2018, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
The discovery of a particle compatible with the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson in 2012 by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at LHC is a milestone in particle physics. In order to assess whether or not this Higgs boson belongs to the SM, it is necessary to measure its properties, in particular its coupling to the top quark (the strongest Yukawa coupling in the SM). The associated production of a Higgs boson with a pair of top quarks, ttH gives the most favorable direct access to the top quark Yukawa coupling and is accessible for the first time in LHC Run 2. A search for the ttH production with the Higgs boson decaying into a b quark pair, ttH(bb), will be presented. It uses the 36.1 fb^-1 of data recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The main limitation to the search of ttH(bb) events is the tt+jets background and its systematic uncertainties. To achieve sufficient sensitivity, this complex analysis relies on several advanced tools to separate the leading background tt+jets from the signal, and to extract both of these processes from data (multi-variate analysis, profile likelihood fit, etc.). All these key aspects of the analysis will be discussed. The combination of the ttH(bb) channel with the other decay modes is necessary to improve the sensitivity to the ttH production mode. This combination leads to 4.2 sigma evidence of the ttH production and will be also presented.
47. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"World-line Approach to Chiral Kinetic Theory and the Chiral Magnetic Effect"
Presented by Niklas Mueller, BNL
Thursday, January 18, 2018, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 1-224
Hosted by: Enrico Rinaldi
Experimental searches for messengers of CP- and P- odd phenomena at RHIC and LHC have attracted much interest and are a prime motivation for significant theoretical effort: Anomalous and topological effects receive important contributions from the pre-equilibrium phase of a collision and an interesting question of phenomenological relevance is how the chiral imbalance generated at early times persists through a fluctuating background of sphalerons in addition to other "non-anomalous" interactions with the QGP. To address this question, we construct a relativistic chiral kinetic theory using the world-line formulation of quantum field theory. We outline how Berry's phase arises in this framework, and how its effects can be clearly distinguished from those arising from the chiral anomaly. We further outline how this framework can be matched to classical statistical simulations at early times and to anomalous chiral hydrodynamics at late times.
48. Environmental & Climate Sciences Department Seminar
"Understanding the Structure and Dynamics of Long-Duration Floods using Physics Informed Bayesian Multilevel Models"
Presented by Naresh Devineni, CUNY
Thursday, January 18, 2018, 11 am
Conference Room Bldg 815E
Hosted by: Bob McGraw
Long duration floods cause substantial damage and prolonged interruptions to water resource facilities, critical infrastructure, and regional economic development. We present a novel physics-based model for inference of such floods with a deeper understanding of dynamically integrated nexus of land surface wetness, effective atmospheric blocking/circulation, and moisture transport/release mechanism. Diagnostic results indicate that the flood duration is varying in proportion to the antecedent flow condition which itself is a function of the available moisture in the air, the persistency in atmospheric pressure blocking, convergence of water vapor, and the effectiveness of divergent wind to condense the aforesaid atmospheric water vapor into liquid precipitation. A physics-based Bayesian inference model is developed that considers the complex interactions between moisture transport, synoptic-to-large-scale atmospheric blocking/circulation pattern, and the antecedent wetness condition in the basin. We explain more than 80% variations in flood duration with a high success rate on the occurrence of long duration floods. Our findings underline that the synergy between a large persistent low-pressure blocking system and a higher rate of divergent wind often triggers a long duration flood, even in the presence of moderate moisture supply in the atmosphere. This condition in turn causes an extremely long duration flood if the basin-wide surface wetness prior to the flood event was already high.
49. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
""In situ characterization of the phase behavior of metal oxides at extreme conditions""
Presented by Leighanne Gallington, Argonne National Laboratory
Wednesday, January 17, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Ian Robinson
In situ characterization of the phase behavior of materials in the lab is complicated by the difficulty of designing compatible sample environments as well as the long time scales required to acquire diffraction data with sufficient counting statistics for crystallographic analyses. The high energy x-rays available at synchrotron sources allow for penetration of most sample environments, while high flux allows for rapid acquisition of diffraction patterns, thereby allowing construction of detailed phase diagrams. Low and negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials have been studied extensively, as they can potentially be used to create composites with finely controlled thermal expansion characteristics, improved resistance to thermal shock, and a broader range of operating temperatures.1-4 While the thermal expansion behavior of the NTE materials ZrW2O8 and HfW2O8 was well-described at ambient pressures,4-6 knowledge of the effects of stress on their thermal expansion was limited.7 In situ synchrotron powder diffraction was utilized to explore the role of orientational disorder in determining both the phase behavior and the thermoelastic properties of these materials. An especially designed pressure cell allowed for simultaneous sampling of temperatures up to 513 K and pressures up to 414 MPa.8 Reversible compression-induced orientational disordering of MO4 tetrahedra occurred concomitantly with elastic softening on heating and enhanced negative thermal expansion upon compression in ZrW2O8 and HfW2O8, but only in the ordered phase.9, 10 In light of the comparatively recent nuclear disaster in Fukushima, understanding interactions and phase behavior in nuclear fuels under severe accident conditions is of paramount interest. While diffraction measurements have been performed on materials recovered from melts of corium (UO2-ZrO2), there is a lack of in situ characterization of this material at elevated temperatures. Achieving the extreme temperatures required
50. Physics Colloquium
"Nuclear nonproliferation: the role of Brookhaven, and the nuclear agreement with Iran"
Presented by Susan Pepper & Leslie Fishbone, BNL
Tuesday, January 16, 2018, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Rob Pisarski
51. Particle Physics Seminar
"Improved Point Source Detection in Crowded Fields using Probabilistic Cataloguing"
Presented by Stephen Portillo, Harvard University
Tuesday, January 16, 2018, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Erin Sheldon
Cataloging is challenging in crowded fields because sources are extremely covariant with their neighbors and blending makes even the number of sources ambiguous. We present the first optical probabilistic stellar catalogue, cataloguing a crowded (~0.1 sources per pixel) SDSS r band image from M2. We show that our probabilistic catalogue goes more than a magnitude deeper than the DAOPHOT while having a lower false discovery rate brighter than 20th magnitude. We detail our efforts to speed up the method and extend it to galaxies, making probabilistic cataloguing applicable to the data that will be collected in the LSST era.
52. HET Lunch Discussions
"Precision physics in the LHC era"
Presented by Pier Paolo Giardino, BNL
Friday, January 12, 2018, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
53. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Singular density fluctuations in the strange metal phase of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x observed with momentum-resolved EELS (M-EELS)"
Presented by Peter Abbamonte, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
Friday, January 12, 2018, 11 am
ISB Bldg. 734, Conf. Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Peter D. Johnson
High-temperature superconductivity arises out of an anomalous normal state commonly referred to as a "bad" or "strange" metal, since it lacks the usual signatures of electron quasiparticles. In ordinary metals, such quasiparticles manifest as propagating collective modes encoded in the dynamic charge susceptibility ??(q,?), which describes the response of the system to applied fields. However, the analogous collective modes of a strange metal are currently unknown. Here, we present the first measurement of ??(q,?) for a prototypical strange metal, Bi2.1Sr1.9CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO), using momentum-resolved inelastic electron scattering (M-EELS). We discover a surprising energy- and momentum-independent continuum of fluctuations extending up to 1 eV, at odds with the dispersive plasmons expected in normal metals. This spectrum is found to be temperature-independent across the superconducting phase transition at optimal doping. Tuning the composition to overdoping, where a crossover to Fermi liquid behavior is expected, this momentum-independent continuum is found to persist, though a 0.5 eV gap-like feature now emerges at low temperature. Our results indicate that the phenomenon underlying the strange metal is a singular form a charge dynamics of a new kind, that does not fit into any known picture of quantum critical scaling.
54. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Bose condensation of excitons in TiSe2"
Presented by Peter Abbamonte, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Thursday, January 11, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734, Conf. Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Peter D. Johnson
Bose condensation has shaped our understanding of macroscopic quantum phenomena, having been realized in superconductors, atomic gases, and liquid helium. Excitons are bosons that have been predicted to condense into either a superfluid or an insulating electronic crystal. But definitive evidence for a thermodynamically stable exciton condensate has never been achieved. In this talk I will describe our use of momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (M-EELS) to study the valence plasmon in the transition metal dichalcogenide semimetal, 1T-TiSe2. Near the phase transition temperature, TC = 190 K, the plasmon energy falls to zero at nonzero momentum, indicating dynamical slowing down of plasma fluctuations and crystallization of the valence electrons into an exciton condensate. At low temperature, the plasmon evolves into an amplitude mode of this electronic crystal. Our study represents the first observation of a soft plasmon in any material, the first definitive evidence for exciton condensation in a three-dimensional solid, and the discovery of a new form of matter, "excitonium."
55. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Three-dimensional gauge theories using lattice regularization"
Presented by Nikhil Karthik
Thursday, January 11, 2018, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Yuya Tanizaki
Three-dimensional gauge theories with massless fermions provide a simple yet non-perturbative setting to understand why QCD has a scale, and also provide effective descriptions of condensed matter systems. Along these lines, I will present results on infra-red scaling and scale-breaking in three-dimensional QED, QCD and large-Nc theories. I will also present some preliminary results on three-dimensional QED with one flavor of fermion regulated with and without parity anomaly.
56. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
""Photoemission studies of the electronic properties of rare-earth intermetallics and oxide interface""
Presented by Alla Chikina, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
Monday, January 8, 2018, 3 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Seminar Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Cedomir Petrovic
Longer than 70 years solid state research has been focused on the study of materials with strong electron correlations due to their remarkable electronic and magnetic properties. In such systems, the average energy of the Coulomb interaction is greater or comparable to its kinetic energy and electrons tend to be localized. This localization is strong enough that electrons can be considered in the framework of the atomic approach. Interaction with itinerant electrons makes the interpretation of their physical properties more complicated. A typical example of a strongly-correlated system contains transition and rare earth (RE) elements. Here, I present both theoretical and experimental insight into the itinerant-localized electron interaction in rare-earth 122 silicides (RERh2Si2). The properties of RERh2Si2 change from the heavy-fermion behavior in YbRh2Si2 up to well-pronounced magnetic properties in EuRh2Si2 and GdRh2Si2. The competition between the Kondo effect and the magnetic RKKY interactions determines the properties of a large class of materials which have localized 4f magnetic moments coupled to itinerant valence electrons. The strong electron correlations, also well known in the transition metal oxides, rise up their remarkable functional and magnetic properties. It gives a route in a manipulation of electron, spin, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom for novel electronic and spintronic devices based on oxide interfaces. An important role in the electronic and magnetic properties of this interface is played by oxygen vacancies which form a dichotomic electron system where strongly correlated localized electrons in the in-gap states (IGSs) coexist with less correlated ones constituting the mobile two-dimensional electron system (2DES). On the example of the interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 we consider a complex band ordering in the dichotomic LAO/STO electron system that goes beyond the conventional eg vs t2g picture.
57. Nuclear Theory Seminar
"Thermodynamics of string bits"
Presented by Sourav Raha, University of Florida
Monday, January 8, 2018, 11 am
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrey Tarasov
We study the Hagedorn transition in the singlet sector of the simplest super-string bit model in the tensionless limit. The gauge group of our model is SU(N) and this transition takes place when N is infinite. We use orthogonality of group characters in order to calculate the partition function. At the Hagedorn temperature there is a change in the distribution of parameters that maximize this partition function. We conclude by devising a field-theoretic interpretation of the this phenomenon.
58. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Thermodynamics of string bits"
Presented by Sourav Raha, University of Florida
Friday, January 5, 2018, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
We study the Hagedorn transition in the singlet sector of the simplest super-string bit model in the tensionless limit. The gauge group of our model is SU(N) and this transition takes place when N is infinite. We use orthogonality of group characters in order to calculate the partition function. At the Hagedorn temperature there is a change in the distribution of parameters that maximize this partition function. We conclude by devising a field-theoretic interpretation of the this phenomenon.
59. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Illuminating rationally engineered complex oxides"
Presented by Derek Meyers, BNL
Friday, January 5, 2018, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Mark Dean
Advances in unit cell scale synthesis have unlocked the ability to create artificial materials at the interface of complex oxides. This opens the door to the rational design of materials properties. To explore the spin, charge, and orbital character of these synthetic materials, resonant x-ray scattering techniques are utilized which unveil their long-range ordering and low energy excitations. In this talk, we will explore several recent examples of this new methodology and provide an outlook on the future of this emergent field.
60. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Spin fluctuations in 122 transition metal arsenides measured using inelastic neutron scattering technique"
Presented by Aashish Sapkota, Ames Laboratory
Thursday, December 21, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
122 transition metal compounds with ThCr2Si2-type structure have been extensively studied because of their wide range of interesting physical properties like superconductivity, valence fluctuations, various magnetic ground states, etc. A subset (ATM2Pn2) of this class consisting of alkaline earth metals (A), 3d transition metals (TM) and pnictogen (Pn) attracted significant interest after discovery of an unconventional superconductivity in 122 iron arsenide compounds. In 122 iron arsenide superconductors, magnetism is in close proximity to the superconductivity and the spin fluctuations are considered as a key component for the pairing mechanism for superconductivity. These properties as well as the wide range of magnetic ground states, found in ATM2As2, motivated a detail studies of the magnetism in these compounds and neutron scattering technique has been extensively used for the study. In this seminar, I will discuss our results of inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the spin fluctuations in two compounds [CaCo1.86As2 and Ca(Fe1-xCox)2As2] of ATM2Pn2 class. First, I will discuss extremely extended spin fluctuations along two directions of reciprocal space in CaCo1.86As2, which shows A-type antiferromagnetic ground states. The result suggests that CaCo1.86As2 is highly-frustrated and is a unique example of highly-frustrated square-lattice system. Next, I will discuss the evolution of the spin fluctuations in Co-doped CaFe2As2 and compare it to that of Co-doped BaFe2As2. In this part, I will also discuss a peculiar suppression of the spin fluctuations with temperature observed in Ca(Fe1-xCox)2As2, x = 0.030 compound, which shows superconducting ground state.
61. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Simultaneous extraction of spin-dependent parton distributions"
Presented by Nobuo Sato, Jlab/University of Connecticut
Friday, December 15, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrey Tarasov
In this talk, I will present a recent global QCD analysis of spin-dependent PDFs and FFs using a MC methodology by the Jefferson Angular Momentum collaboration (JAM).
62. HET Seminar
"Searching for Ultralight Particles with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves"
Presented by Masha Baryakhtar, Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.
Wednesday, December 13, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
The LIGO detection of gravitational waves has opened a new window on the universe. I will discuss how the process of superradiance, combined with gravitational wave measurements, makes black holes into nature's laboratories to search for new light bosons, from axions to dark photons. When a bosonic particle's Compton wavelength is comparable to the horizon size of a black hole, superradiance of these bosons into hydrogenic' bound states extracts energy and angular momentum from the black hole. The occupation number of the levels grows exponentially and the black hole spins down. One candidate for such an ultralight boson is the QCD axion with decay constant above the GUT scale. Current black hole spin measurements disfavor a factor of 30 (400) in axion (vector) mass; future measurements can provide evidence of a new boson. Particles transitioning between levels and annihilating to gravitons may produce thousands of monochromatic gravitational wave signals, and turn LIGO into a particle detector.
63. Physics Colloquium
"The "self-stirred" genome: Bulk and surface dynamics of the chromatin globule"
Presented by Alexandra Zidovska, New York University
Tuesday, December 12, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Chromatin structure and dynamics control all aspects of DNA biology yet are poorly understood. In interphase, time between two cell divisions, chromatin fills the cell nucleus in its minimally condensed polymeric state. Chromatin serves as substrate to a number of biological processes, e.g. gene expression and DNA replication, which require it to become locally restructured. These are energy-consuming processes giving rise to nonequilibrium dynamics. Chromatin dynamics has been traditionally studied by imaging of fluorescently labeled nuclear proteins and single DNA-sites, thus focusing only on a small number of tracer particles. Recently, we developed an approach, displacement correlation spectroscopy (DCS) based on time-resolved image correlation analysis, to map chromatin dynamics simultaneously across the whole nucleus in cultured human cells [1]. DCS revealed that chromatin movement was coherent across large regions (4–5μm) for several seconds. Regions of coherent motion extended beyond the boundaries of single-chromosome territories, suggesting elastic coupling of motion over length scales much larger than those of genes [1]. These largescale, coupled motions were ATP-dependent and unidirectional for several seconds. Following these observations, we developed a hydrodynamic theory of active chromatin dynamics, using the two-fluid model and describing the content of cell nucleus as a chromatin solution, which is subject to both passive thermal fluctuations and active (ATP-consuming) scalar and vector events [2]. In this work we continue in our efforts to elucidate the mechanism and function of the chromatin dynamics in interphase. We investigate the chromatin interactions with the nuclear envelope and compare the surface dynamics of the chromatin globule with its bulk dynamics [3]. Furthermore, we explore the rheology of the chromatin inside the cell nucleus using the native subnuclear structures [4]. [1] Zidovska A, Weitz DA, Mitchi
64. Particle Physics Seminar
"A Unified Program of Argon Dark Matter Searches: DarkSide-20k and The Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration"
Presented by Cristiano Galbiati, Princeton University
Monday, December 11, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
: Experimenters from four different argon dark matter searches have joined their forces in the the "Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration" to carry out a unified program for dark matter direct detection. The participants are researchers currently working on the ArDM experiment at LSC; on the DarkSide-50 experiment at LNGS; on the DEAP-3600 experiment at SNOLab; and on the MiniCLEAN experiment at SNOLab. In 2015/2016 The DarkSide-50 experiment at LNGS produced two zero-background science results, along with a comparison of the results obtained with both atmospheric and underground argon fills, demonstrating the ability of large experiments to eliminate background from betas/gammas at the tens of tonne-year exposure. The DEAP-3600 experiment at SNOLAB is the first tonne-scale experiment to achieve both stable operations and an extended physics run. DEAP-3600 has been collecting physics data with over 3 tonnes of argon since late 2016 and published its first results in 2017. Researchers from the four experiments will jointly carry out as the single next step at the scale of a few tens of tonnes the DarkSide-20k experiment. DarkSide-20k was approved in 2017 by the Italian INFN, by the host laboratory LNGS, and by the US NSF. DarkSide-20k is also officially and jointly supported by the three underground laboratories LNGS, LSC, and SNOLab. DarkSide-20k is a 20-tonne fiducial volume dual-phase TPC to be operated at LNGS with an underground argon fill, designed to collect an exposure of 100 tonne×years, completely free of neutron-induced nuclear recoil background and all electron recoil background. DarkSide-20k is set to start operating by 2021 and will have sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross sections of 1.2 × 10−47 cm2 for WIMPs of 1 TeV/c2 mass, to be achieved during a 5 year run. An extended 10 year run could produce an exposure of 200 tonne×years, with sensitivity for the cross-section of 7.4 × 10&min
65. Special HET Seminar
"Effective Theories and Phenomenology of Dark Mesons"
Presented by Graham Kribs, University of Oregon
Monday, December 11, 2017, 1:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hooman Davoudiasl
66. HET Lunch Discussions
"A precise determination of the QCD coupling by the ALPHA Collaboration"
Presented by Mattia Bruno, BNL
Friday, December 8, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
67. Particle Physics Seminar
"Machine Learning Analysis of Ising Worms"
Presented by Sam Foreman, University of Iowa
Thursday, December 7, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
Motivated by recent results demonstrating the applicability of machine learning techniques to quantum spin systems, we explore an application of the worm algorithm to the two dimensional Ising model. We begin by presenting the high temperature expansion of the Ising model, which is used to generate equilibrium configurations of "worms" represented as two¬dimensional greyscale images. From these configurations, we are then able to calculate physical quantities of interest. In particular, we are able to identify the logarithmic divergence of the specific heat at the critical temperature. We then propose a complementary approach using machine learning techniques (in particular, principal component analysis, (PCA)) which also successfully identifies the divergent behavior near criticality. Finally, we investigate the behavior of the previously mentioned concepts under a renormalization group coarse¬graining procedure, and present ideas for future research.
68. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Pushing the boundaries of relativistic fluid dynamics"
Presented by Jorge Noronha
Thursday, December 7, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Enrico Rinaldi
For nearly a century, dissipative effects have been included in fluid dynamics using gradients of macroscopic quantities such as the temperature and fluid velocity. Recently, results from heavy ion collision experiments and explicit model calculations have pushed the boundaries of relativistic fluid dynamics towards the far-from-equilibrium regime. In this talk I will present calculations of the large order behavior of the gradient expansion, both in kinetic theory and in holography, which have demonstrated that this series has zero radius of convergence. I will discuss the role played by novel non-equilibrium attractor solutions in determining the emergence of fluid dynamic behavior in many-body systems under extreme conditions.
69. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Examples of translational research using thermoelectric oxides"
Presented by Ryoji Funahashi, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Japan
Wednesday, December 6, 2017, 3 pm
Conference Room, Building 480
Hosted by: Qiang Li
We have been relishing a lot of affluence thanks to energy. Fossil energy provides us fun to drive, warmth to escape from cold, brightness of illumination, etc. However consumption of the fossil fuel produces CO2. The amount of CO2 emission will increase with increasing consumption of fossil energy, gas, oil, and coal year by year. The average of total utilizing efficiency of the primary energy is as low as 30 %, with 70 % exhausted to the air as waste heat. It is clear that improved efficiencies of energy conversion systems could have a significant impact on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission rate. Where a large sum of heat is localized, mechanical conversion systems can be used to generate electricity. However, most sources of waste heat are widely dispersed. Although technologies of storage and transport of such the dilute heat energy have been developed, most waste heat can't be used effectively. Electricity is a convenient form of energy that is easily transported, redirected, and stored, thus there are a number of advantages to the conversion of waste heat emitted from our living and industrial activities to electricity. Thermoelectric conversion is paid attention as the strongest candidate to generate electricity from dilute waste heat. Oxide materials are considered to be promising ones because of their durability against high temperature, low cost for producing etc. The misfit CoO2 compounds show high thermoelectric efficiency at high temperature in air. Thermoelectric modules using p-type Ca3Co4O9, one of the CoO2 compounds and n-type CaMnO3 have been produced [1, 2]. The maximum power density against area of the substrate of the module reaches 4.3 kW/m2 at 973 K of the heat source temperature [3]. Portable power generation units composed of an oxide thermoelectric module. Water circulation and batteries for air cooling are unnecessary for thermoelectric conversion. The units can generate 2-5 W using heat energy with temperature of 300-8
70. Physics Colloquium
"Thinking inside the box - hadron resonances in QCD"
Presented by Jozef Dudek, JLab
Tuesday, December 5, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Rob Pisarski
I will describe how we can make use of the finite box in which lattice QCD calculations are performed to learn something about hadron scattering amplitudes from first principles. These amplitudes contain information about the resonance structure of QCD and hence the spectrum of excited mesons and baryons. I'll present the results of recent calculations in which the lightest scalar, vector and tensor mesons have been studied.
71. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN seminar
"Medium modification of jet and jet-induced medium excitation"
Presented by Shanshan Cao, Wayne State University
Friday, December 1, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
A coupled linear Boltzmann transport and hydrodynamics model (CoLBT-hydro) is developed for concurrent simulation of jet propagation and hydrodynamic evolution in high-energy nuclear collisions. Diverse microscopic scattering processes (elastic and inelastic) are incorporated for parton showers, and both massive and massless partons are calculated on the same footing. Energy deposition from jets into nuclear matter is treated as source term of hydrodynamic evolution. Within this CoLBT-hydro model, nuclear modification of heavy and light flavor hadrons are simultaneously described. Evidence of jet-induced medium excitation is explored with photon-triggered jets, where significant enhancement of soft hadron production is found due to energy deposition from jets.
72. HET Lunch Discussions
"Double Higgs Production in the Complex Singlet Extended Standard Model"
Presented by Matt Sullivan, University of Kansas
Friday, December 1, 2017, 12:15 pm
Orange Room
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
73. HET Seminar
"Do Electroweak Corrections Violate Factorization?"
Presented by Ira Rothstein, Carnegie Mellon U
Wednesday, November 29, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Eder Izaguirre
74. Particle Physics Seminar
"The strong CP-problem and axion dark matter searches"
Presented by Yannis Semertzidis, KAIST and IBS
Monday, November 27, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
The strong CP-problem, i.e. why is the neutron EDM experimental limit is at least ten orders of magnitude lower than expected from the theory of QCD is one of the mysteries in physics today. Peccei and Quinn came up with a solution to the strong CP-problem at the expense of requiring an extra pseudo-scalar particle, the axion. It turns out, the axion at a certain mass range is also an ideal dark matter candidate and it can be detected via its conversion to microwave photons in the presence of a strong magnetic field. IBS/CAPP in South Korea, the center for axion and precision physics research of the institute for basic science, was established to elucidate the strong CP-problem and in particular the axion dark matter mystery. I'm going to give an overview of the history of axion dark matter searches, the present status and the plans for answering whether or not axions are a significant part of the dark matter in our galaxy.
75. Physics Colloquium
"Numerical Relativity in the Multimessenger Era"
Presented by Manuela Campanelli, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tuesday, November 21, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
The recent discovery of gravitational waves by Advanced LIGO ushered in a new kind of astronomy, one potentially integrating its findings with those obtained from electromagnetic and/or neutrino observations. Multi-messenger astronomy promises to revolutionize our understanding of the universe by providing dramatically contrasting views of the same objects. To understand this unprecedented wealth of observational evidence, computer intensive theoretical calculations of the Einstein field equations, coupled with the equations of magneto-hydrodynamics, are required in order to link data with underlying physics. In this talk, I will provide a review on the recent progress in this exciting field of computational astrophysics. With Advanced LIGO now fully operational and the detection of additional gravitational wave events imminent, we expect that there will be a surge in the number of researchers interested in performing simulations of compact binary mergers.
76. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Higher-order corrections to jet quenching"
Presented by Yacine Mehtar-Tani, University of Washington
Friday, November 17, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
The phenomenon of jet quenching in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions reveals to effect of substantial finial state interactions which cause QCD jets to lose energy to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), mainly by induced gluon radiation. In standard analytic approaches to energy loss, jets are approximated by single partons and thus higher-order effects in the strong coupling constant are neglected. This may prove insufficient to reliably extract QGP properties at high pT, where a significant jet suppression was recently reported by the ATLAS collaboration in PbPb collisions at the LHC. In this work we explore higher-order corrections to the inclusive jet spectrum which may be sizable owing to the fact that the probability for a highly virtual parton to split in the medium increases with the jet pT. As the effective number of jet constituents increases, jets are expected to lose more energy than a single color charge. This translates into large logarithmic enhancements of higher-orders in the perturbative series, that need to be resummed. As a result we obtain a Sudakov-like suppression factor which we investigate in the leading logarithmic approximation. We note, however, that the phase space for higher-order corrections is mitigated by coherence effects that relate to the fact that, below a characteristic angular scale, the medium does not resolve the inner jet structure. In this case, the jet lose energy coherently as a single color charge, namely, the primary parton.
77. HET Lunch Discussions
"Unified Scenario for Composite Right-Handed Neutrinos and Dark Matter"
Presented by Pier Paolo Giardino
Friday, November 17, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
78. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Complementary response of static spin-stripe order and superconductivity to non-magnetic impurities and pressure in cuprates"
Presented by Zurab Guguchia, Columbia University
Thursday, November 16, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734, Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Emil Bozin
Cuprate high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) have complex phase diagrams with multiple competing ordered phases. Understanding to which degree charge, spin, and superconducting orders compete or coexist is paramount for elucidating the microscopic pairing mechanism in the cuprate HTSs. In this talk, i will report some novel results of muonspin rotation (μSR), neutron Scattering and magnetization experiments on non-magnetic Zn impurity and hydrostatic pressure effects on the static spin-stripe order and superconductivity in the La214 cuprates [1,2]. Namely, in La2−xBaxCu1−yZnyO4 (0.11 ≤ x ≤ 0.17) and La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12Cu1−yZnyO4. Remarkably, it was found that in these systems the spin-stripe ordering temperature Tso decreases linearly with Zn doping y and disappears at y ≈ 4 % , demonstrating the extreme sensitivity of static spin-stripe order to impurities within a CuO2 plane. Moreover, Tso is suppressed in the same manner as the superconducting transition temperature Tc by Zn impurities. We also observed the same pressure evolution of both Tc and Tso in La2−xBaxCuO4, while there is an antagonistic pressure evolution of magnetic volume fraction and superfluid density [1,2,3]. These results indicate that static spin-stripe order and SC pairing correlations develop in a cooperative fashion in La214 cuprates. In other words, the existence of the stripe order requires intertwining with the SC pairing correlations, such as occurs in the proposed pair-density wave (PDW) state [4]. [1] Z. Guguchia et. al., Phys. Rev. B 94, 214511 (2016). [2] Z. Guguchia et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 087002 (2017). [3] Z. Guguchia et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 057002 (2014). [4] E. Fradkin, S.A. Kivelson, and J.M. Tranquada, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 457 (2015).
79. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"QCD from gluon, quark, and meson correlators"
Presented by Mario Mitter, BNL
Thursday, November 16, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
We present non-perturbative first-principle results for quark-, gluon- and meson 1PI correlation functions of two-flavour Landau-gauge QCD in the vacuum and Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature. They are obtained by solving their Functional Renormalisation Group equations in a systematic vertex expansion, aiming at apparent convergence within a self-consistent approximation scheme. These correlation functions carry the full information about the theory and their connection to physical observables is discussed. The presented calculations represent a crucial prerequisite for quantitative first-principle studies of QCD and its phase diagram within this framework. In particular, we have computed the ghost, quark and scalar-pseudoscalar meson propagators, as well as gluon, ghost-gluon, quark-gluon, quark, quark-meson, and meson interactions and the magnetic and electric components of the gluon propagator, and the three- and four-gluon vertices. Our results stress the crucial importance of the quantitatively correct running of different vertices in the semi-perturbative regime for describing the phenomena and scales of confinement and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking without phenomenological input. We confront our results for the correlators with lattice simulations and compare our Debye mass to hard thermal loop perturbation theory. Finally, applications to "QCD-enhanced" low-energy effective models of QCD are discussed.
80. HET Seminar
"Analysis of a Dilaton EFT for Lattice Data"
Presented by Thomas Appelquist, Yale University
Wednesday, November 15, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Mattio Bruno
81. Physics Colloquium
""The muon anomalous magnetic moment — A precision test of the standard model""
Presented by Christoph Lehner, BNL
Tuesday, November 14, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Robert Pisarski
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is one of the most precisely determined quantities in particle physics. It is currently known both experimentally and from theory to approximately 1/2 parts per million. Interestingly, there is an approximate 3—4 sigma tension between theory computation and the experimental value (BNL E821) which may hint at new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. In this talk, I review the current status of a soon-expected improved experimental measurement (FNAL E989) and recent rapid progress in reducing the uncertainty of the standard model theory computation.
82. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Fermilab E-906/SeaQuest: A novel nucleon structure laboratory"
Presented by Bryan Ramson, University of Michigan
Tuesday, November 14, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Oleg Eyser
SeaQuest is the latest iteration in a series of Fermilab experiments designed to probe nucleon structure using the Drell-Yan process. The most recent ancestor of SeaQuest, E866/NuSea, used the Drell-Yan process to provide the most comprehensive observations of the light-quark flavor asymmetry to date, which suggested significant non-pertubative effects in the nucleon sea. Other measurements concerning cold nuclear matter, J/Psi production, and Drell-Yan angular distributions were conducted as well. SeaQuest aims to complement the flagship NuSea measurement by probing higher seaquark momenta at a lower center-of-mass energy and higher intensity. A summary of the light-quark flavor asymmetry measurement status will be reported as well as the status of various parallel analyses, one of which could have implications for the Boer-Mulders initial state TMD.
83. Center for Functional Nanomaterials Seminar
"Using Modeling and Machine Learning to Accelerate High-Throughput Experimental Materials Discovery"
Presented by Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Monday, November 13, 2017, 11 am
CFN, Bldg. 735, Conference Room A, 1st Floor
Hosted by: Matthew Sfeir
Over the past 10 years there has been a resurgent interest in the development of novel metallic alloys, both as multiple principle component solid solution alloys, so-called high entropy alloys (HEA) as well as amorphous metallic glasses. Although a number of empirical rules have been proposed for the prediction of potential alloy compositions, calculating their stability and quantifying their properties of interest at operating temperatures from first principles represents a significant challenge. In fact, even high-throughput experimental studies struggle to effectively explore such large composition-processing-property parameter spaces efficiently. Here, I will discuss an approach that seeks to address the rational experimental exploration of such alloys by combining theory, experiment and data science. Our approach is to use insights from the literature, theory, and/or data mining to identify the regions of parameter space most likely to yield interesting materials. We then employ computationally guided high-throughput synthesis techniques to strategically probe composition and processing space. In situ synchrotron diffraction studies yield tens of thousands of data sets describing the evolution of the alloy phase and corrosion products. The data are evaluated using automated knowledge extraction techniques, enabling us to assess our experiments, update the models used to generate the initial lead materials, and plan the next material system to study. In this talk, I will emphasize our recent work using these techniques to investigate phase stability in metallic glasses.
84. Particle Physics - SB/BNL Joint Cosmo seminar (at BNL)
"Dark Matter Searches with CCDs and the Sensei Experiment"
Presented by Dr. Javier Tiffenberg, FNAL
Thursday, November 9, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Erin Sheldon
85. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Quasiparticle spectra from stochastic many-body methods"
Presented by Vojtech Vlcek, University of California, Los Angeles
Thursday, November 9, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Gabi Kotliar
I will present new developments and applications of stochastic approaches to electronic structure and many-body perturbation theory, which overcome the steep scaling of conventional deterministic schemes. The general principles of linear-scaling stochastic methods for TDDFT, GW and BSE will be discussed and exemplified on realistic nanoscale systems with more than 5000 valence electrons. The stochastic approaches enable mapping the evolution of optical absorption, spectral functions and quasiparticle energies and lifetimes, as well as the emergence of collective excitations, over the full range from molecules to large bulk-like 3D nanoclusters and 2D layers.
86. HET Seminar
"Tomorrow's Colloquium: Joanna Kiryluk: IceCube: Understanding the High Energy Universe with Cosmic Neutrinos"
Presented by Linda Carpenter, Ohio State University
Wednesday, November 8, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Sally Dawson
Though the Higgs has a non trivial branching fraction -8 percent, to light jets, this is a very hard channel to directly capture with the LHC. We study the Higgs boson (h ) decay to two light jets at the 14 TeV High-Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), where a light jet (j ) represents any nonflavor-tagged jet from the observational point of view. The decay mode Higgs to gluons is chosen as the benchmark since it is the dominant channel in the Standard Model, but the bound obtained is also applicable to the light quarks. We estimate the achievable bounds on the decay branching fractions through the associated production V h (V =W±,Z ). Events of the Higgs boson decaying into heavy (tagged) or light (untagged) jets are correlatively analyzed. We find that with 3000 fb-1 data at the HL-LHC corresponds to a reachable upper bound of a few times the SM prediction. Which can ten be turned into a bound on the Higgs couplings to gluons and light quark flavors. A consistency fit also leads to an upper bound on the Higgs to charm coupling. The estimated bound may be further strengthened by adopting multiple variable analyses or adding other production channels.
87. Updated HET Seminar
"Capturing Higgs Boson Decays to Light Jets at LHC"
Presented by Linda Carpenter, Ohio State University
Wednesday, November 8, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christopher Murphy
Though the Higgs has a non trivial branching fraction -8 percent, to light jets, this is a very hard channel to directly capture with the LHC. We study the Higgs boson (h ) decay to two light jets at the 14 TeV High-Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), where a light jet (j ) represents any nonflavor-tagged jet from the observational point of view. The decay mode Higgs to gluons is chosen as the benchmark since it is the dominant channel in the Standard Model, but the bound obtained is also applicable to the light quarks. We estimate the achievable bounds on the decay branching fractions through the associated production V h (V =W±,Z ). Events of the Higgs boson decaying into heavy (tagged) or light (untagged) jets are correlatively analyzed. We find that with 3000 fb-1 data at the HL-LHC corresponds to a reachable upper bound of a few times the SM prediction. Which can ten be turned into a bound on the Higgs couplings to gluons and light quark flavors. A consistency fit also leads to an upper bound on the Higgs to charm coupling. The estimated bound may be further strengthened by adopting multiple variable analyses or adding other production channels.
88. Physics Colloquium
"Building an entanglement sharing quantum network"
Presented by Professor Eden Figueroa, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, November 7, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrei Nomerotski
In the first part of our talk we will show how to produce photonic quantum entanglement and how to store it and distribute it by optically manipulating the properties of room temperature atomic clouds. We will discuss our recent experiments in which several quantum devices are already interconnected forming an elementary quantum cryptographic network. We will also discuss our progress regarding the construction of an entanglement sharing link between Stony Brook and BNL. In the second part we will show our progress regarding the construction of an analog quantum computer capable of simulating relativistic dynamics using atoms and quantized light. We will show how our device is already capable of simulating Dirac and Jackiw-Rebbi Hamiltonians as well as the road map towards simulating Quantum Field Theory Hamiltonians.
89. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Proximity effects in cuprate/manganite multilayers"
Presented by Christian Bernhard, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
Monday, November 6, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Seminar Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Chris Homes
Recently we observed an intriguing, magnetic-filed-induced insulator-to-metal transition in YBa2Cu3O7/Pr1-xCaxMnO3 (YBCO/PCMO) multilayers [1]. In the low field regime, the response of these multilayers is highly resistive and resembles the one of granular superconductors or frustrated Josephson-networks. Notably, a coherent superconducting response can be restored with a large magnetic field. The latter also suppresses the charge/orbital order of the PCMO layers towards a ferromagnetic state. This coincidence suggests an intimate relationship between the insulator-to-superconductor transition in the YBCO layer and the suppression of the charge/orbital order in the PCMO. I will discuss the evidence, based on resonant x-ray scattering experiments, that the latter induces (or strongly enhances) a static Cu-CDW order in YBCO that is intertwined with superconductivity. [1] B.P.P. Mallett et al., Phys. Rev. B 94, 180503(R) (2016).
90. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
Presented by Gerald Miller, University of Washington
Friday, November 3, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
91. HET Lunch Discussions
"Dark Parity Violation After Qweak and Future Neutrino Physics Discussion"
Presented by William J. Marciano, BNL
Friday, November 3, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
92. Updated HET Lunch Discussions
""Dark Parity Violation After Qweak and Future Neutrino Physics Discussion" (Neutrino Discovery Initiative)"
Presented by William J. Marciano, BNL
Friday, November 3, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
To participate via BlueJean connection, please click on the following link: https://bluejeans.com/753838707/7269 Meeting ID: 753 838 707 Participate Passcode: 7269
93. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Wandering amongst the Feynamn diagrams"
Presented by Nikolay Prokofiev, University of Massachusetts-Amherst
Friday, November 3, 2017, 11 am
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
Feynman diagrams are the most celebrated and powerful tool of theoretical physics usually associated with the analytic approach. I will argue that diagrammatic expansions are also an ideal numerical tool with enormous and yet to be explored potential for solving interacting many-body systems by direct simulation of Feynman diagrams (bare or skeleton) for the proper self-energies and polarization operators up to high order. Though the original series based on are propagators are sign-alternating and often divergent one can determine the answer behind them by using proper series re-summation techniques and working with skeleton diagrams, i.e. by making the entire scheme self-consistent. The bottom line is that the diagrammatic Monte Carlo approach generically solves the computational complexity for interacting fermionic systems. In terms of physical applications, I will disucss results for the Hubbard model, resonant fermi gas at unitarity, and stability of Dirac liquid against strong Coulomb interaction in graphene.
94. Particle Physics Seminar
"UCNtau: A magneto-gravitational trap measurement of the free neutron lifetime"
Presented by Robert Pattie, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Thursday, November 2, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
The neutron is the simplest nuclear system that can be used to probe the structure of the weak interaction and search for physics Beyond the Standard Model. Measurements of neutron ?-decay observables are sensitive to scalar and tensor interactions in the weak force which are not present in the Standard Model. The lifetime of the neutron ?n is an important parameter for Big-Bang Nucleo-synthesis models, solar fusion models, and absolute neutrino scattering cross-sections, and can be used to test the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix. Presently, the two typical methods used to measure the neutron lifetime, cold neutron beam measurements and stored ultracold neutron (UCN) measurements, disagree by roughly 4?. This discrepancy motivates the need for new measurements with complementary systematic uncertainties to previous efforts. The UCN? experiment uses an asymmetric magneto-gravitational UCN trap with in situ counting of surviving neutrons to measure the neutron lifetime. Previous bottle experiments confined UCN in a material storage vessel creating a significant correction due to losses resulting from the material UCN interactions. The magnetic and gravitational confinement of the UCN minimizes losses due to material interactions. Additionally, UCN? uses a detection system that is lowered into the storage volume which avoids emptying the surviving UCN into an external detector. This minimizes any possible transport related systematics. This in situ detector also enables counting at various heights in the vessel, which provides information on the trapped UCN energy spectrum, quasi-bound orbits, and possible phase space evolution. I will present the physics motivation for precision neutron physics, a description of the UCN? experiment, the results of data collected during the 2016-2017 accelerator cycle which resulted in a value of τn=877.7±(0.7) stat (+0.3/−0.1) sys in agreement with previous material bottle
95. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Rotating Dirac fermion in Magnetic field in 1+2 and 1+3 dimensions"
Presented by Yizhuang Liu, Stony Brook University
Thursday, November 2, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
96. HET/RIKEN Seminar
"Calculation of the electric dipole moment with the gradient flow"
Presented by Andrea Shindler, Michigan State University
Wednesday, November 1, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Sally Dawson
97. HET Lunch Discussions
"A statistical approach to Higgs couplings in the SMEFT, 1710.02008"
Presented by Chris Murphy, BNL
Friday, October 27, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
98. Particle Physics Seminar
"Search for dark matter at the CMS experiment"
Presented by Adish Vartak, University of California San Diego
Friday, October 27, 2017, 10 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
There is an extensive, on-going dark matter search program at the LHC that explores several different types of possible interactions between WIMP-like dark matter and standard model particles. The dark matter searches at the LHC are complementary, and in case of certain models, significantly more sensitive than the direct and indirect dark matter searches. In this talk I will discuss several key dark matter searches being pursued by the CMS collaboration. These cover a wide variety of final states in which dark matter particles are produced in association with one or more energetic, visible objects in the detector resulting in 'MET+X' signatures. Furthermore, I will also discuss the constraints set on dark matter interactions by certain resonance searches.
99. Particle Physics Seminar
"Observation of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering by COHERENT"
Presented by Kate Scholberg, Duke University
Thursday, October 26, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) is a process in which a neutrino scatters off an entire nucleus at low momentum transfer, and for which the observable signature is a low-energy nuclear recoil. It represents a background for direct dark matter detection experiments, as well as a possible signal for astrophysical neutrinos. Furthermore, because the process is cleanly predicted in the Standard Model, a measurement is sensitive to beyond-the-Standard-Model physics, such as non-standard interactions of neutrinos. The process was first predicted in 1973. It was measured for the first time by the COHERENT collaboration using the high-quality source of pion-decay-at-rest neutrinos from the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and a CsI[Na] scintillator detector. This talk will describe COHERENT's recent 6.7-sigma measurement of CEvNS, the status and plans of COHERENT's suite of detectors at the SNS, and future physics reach.
100. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Approach to equilibrium of quarkonium in quark-gluon plasma"
Presented by Xiaojun Yao, BNL
Thursday, October 26, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
Quarkonium can be used as a probe of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy ion collisions. The production process is complicated by several factors: plasma screening effect, in-medium dissociation and recombination, cold nuclear matter effect and feed-down contributions. In this talk, I will present a set of Boltzmann transport equations that govern the in-medium evolution of the heavy quark and quarkonium system. The dissociation and recombination rates are calculated from potential non-relativistic QCD at leading order. I will explain how the system reaches equilibrium in a QGP box and show how the system evolves under a boost invariant longitudinal expansion. I will argue that the angular distribution of quarkonium probes the stages at which recombination occurs. The presented framework will be extended in future work to include other factors influencing quarkonium production.
101. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Theory and Computation Guided Discovery of New Thermoelectric Materials"
Presented by Vladan Stevanovic, Colorado School of Mines & National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Wednesday, October 25, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734, Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Cedomir Petrovic
Progress in the widespread adoption of all solid heat-to-electricity technologies has largely been hindered by the absence of suitable thermoelectric materials. In pursuit for new thermoelectrics recent advances in large-scale deployment of first principles calculations could be useful in identifying new promising material systems. However, the need to predict electron and phonon transport properties with sufficient accuracy renders direct assessment of the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) for large numbers of systems unfeasible. This is true even in the case of relatively simple semiconductor materials, which could be described by the computationally inexpensive single particle theories such as density functional theory (DFT). While the state-of-the-art DFT based approaches to charge carrier and heat transport of semiconductors can deliver desired accuracy, they are currently limited to relatively simple chemistries and/or case-by-case studies. In this talk I will discuss integrated theory-computation-experiment efforts in developing a robust set of material descriptors that: (1) are rooted in the Boltzmann transport theory, but do not rely on classic and largely inapplicable constant relaxation time or constant mean free path approximations, (2) are computationally tractable allowing material searches across large chemical spaces, and (3) are sufficiently accurate to provide reliable predictions. Our approach is demonstrated to correctly identify known thermoelectric materials1 and reliably suggest new and promising candidate semiconductors.2 At the end, I will review successes and failures in our quest for new thermoelectrics, and discuss dopability of semiconductors as the critical outstanding challenge in achieving high zT materials. 1. Yan, P. Gorai, B. Ortiz, S. Miller, S. A. Barnett, T. Mason, V. Stevanovic, and E. S. Toberer, "Material descriptors for thermoelectric performance", Energy Environ. Sci. 2. P. Gorai, V. Stevanovic, and E. Tobe
102. Physics Colloquium
"The Path Forward in Gravitational-wave astronomy"
Presented by Zsuzsa Marka, Columbia University
Tuesday, October 24, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
On August 17, 2017 the merger of two neutron stars was detected in the form of gravitational-waves by LIGO/Virgo. As a result of over a decade long preparation for multimessenger observations the event was also seen electromagnetically across the full spectrum. The history and future of the multimessenger effort using gravitational-waves will be discussed from an instrumentalist viewpoint.
103. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"To CME or not to CME? Implications of recent charge separation measurements in p(d)+Au, Au(Cu)+Au and U+U collisions for the chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions"
Presented by Roy Lacey, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, October 24, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Bjoern Schenke
The observation of charge separation induced by the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), could provide crucial insights on anomalous transport and the interplay of chiral symmetry restoration, axial anomaly, and gluonic topology in the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions. I will discuss recent differential charge separation measurements,for p(d)+Au, Au(Cu)+Au and U+U, with a correlator specifically designed to give discernible responses to CME-driven charge separation and non-CME backgrounds. Measurements which span the beam energy range Root_s = 19.5 - 200 GeV will be presented. The d(p)+Au results are observed to be consistent with the reduced magnetic field strength and the essentially random B-field orientations expected in these collisions. In contrast, the Au(Cu)+Au and U+U measurements validate the presence of CME-driven charge separation quantified by the Fourier dipole coefficient a1. Ongoing attempts for CME-signal quantification, as well as implications for the upcoming RHIC isobar run, will be discussed as well.
104. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Pressure-driven collapse of Jeff=1/2 electronic state in a honeycomb iridate"
Presented by Young-June Kim, University of Toronto, Canada
Friday, October 20, 2017, 3 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
Orbital and spin degrees of freedom in heavy transition metal compounds can be locked into each other due to strong spin-orbit coupling. The magnetism in this case is described by an effective total angular momentum jeff=1/2 rather than usual spin angular momentum. Furthermore, these jeff=1/2 moments residing on a honeycomb lattice can be coupled through bond-dependent Kitaev interactions. Magnetic properties of some honeycomb lattice iridates, such as Na2IrO3 and Li2IrO3 have been extensively investigated to examine whether Kitaev quantum spin liquid is realized in these compounds. However, the applicability of the jeff=1/2 local moment model in real materials have not been critically scrutinized experimentally. A combination of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments on a honeycomb lattice Li2IrO3 reveals that the jeff=1/2 picture breaks down under high pressure, and electrons take on more itinerant character under this condition.
105. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Quantization of three-body scattering amplitude in isobar formulation"
Presented by Maxim Mai, George Washington University
Friday, October 20, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Chun Shen
In the so-called isobar parametrization the three-particle states are populated via an interacting two-particle system (resonant or non-resonant), and a spectator. Using this parametrization, we derive the isobar-spectator interaction such that the three-body Unitarity is ensured exactly. In the first part of my talk I will show the major steps of this derivation. (arXiv:1706.06118) The second part of the talk will be dedicated to the finite-volume implementation of the framework (arXiv:1709.08222). Imaginary parts in the infinite volume, dictated by Unitarity, determine the dominant power-law finite volume effects to ensure the correct 3-body quantization condition. Furthermore, various building blocks of the 3->3 amplitude in the finite volume can become singular. However, when all contributions are summed-up, only genuine 3-body singularities remain. I will demonstrate the corresponding cancellation mechanisms explicitly for the simplified case of only one S-wave isobar.
106. Particle Physics Seminar
"Study of the Higgs properties in the H->ZZ*->4l channel with the ATLAS detector"
Presented by Gaetano Barone, Brandeis University
Thursday, October 19, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
Recent measurements of the Higgs boson properties in the four lepton channel for 36.1 fb-1 of proton—proton collisions at 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector will be presented. The measurements include the Higgs boson mass as well as inclusive, fiducial and differential cross sections and, constraints on Higgs boson production couplings. The results are interpreted within the Standard Model and various extensions.
107. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Lattice QCD and Neutrino Physics"
Presented by Aaron Meyer, HET Group
Thursday, October 19, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Enrico Rinaldi
The nucleon axial form factor is a dominant contribution to systematic uncertainties in neutrino oscillation studies. The most commonly used model parametrization of the axial form factor has uncontrolled and underestimated systematic errors. First-principles computations from lattice QCD have the potential to control theory errors by disentangling the effects of nuclear corrections from the nucleon amplitudes. In this talk, I discuss fits to the axial form factor with deuterium bubble chamber data using the model-independent $z$ expansion parameterization. I then present preliminary results for a blinded lattice QCD calculation of the nucleon axial charge $g_A$ with physical light quark masses. This calculation is being done with the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action and 2+1+1 flavors of sea quarks.
108. Environmental & Climate Sciences Department Seminar
"Desert Dust, Wildfire Smoke, Volcanic Ash, Urban and Industrial Pollution – Grasping the Role Particles Play in Global Climate and Regional Air Quality"
Presented by Ralph Kahn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Thursday, October 19, 2017, 11 am
Conference Room Bldg 815E
Hosted by: Steve Schwartz
Airborne particles are ubiquitous components of our atmosphere, originating from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources, exhibiting a wide range of physical properties, and contributing in multiple ways to regional air quality as well as regional-to-global-scale climate. Most remain in the atmosphere for a week or less, but can traverse oceans or continents in that time, carrying nutrients or disease vectors in some cases. Bright aerosols reflect sunlight, and can cool the surface; light-absorbing particles can heat the atmosphere, suppressing cloud formation or mediating larger-scale circulations. In most cases, particles are required to collect water vapor as the initial step in cloud formation, so their presence (or absence) and their hygroscopic or hydrophilic properties can affect cloud occurrence, structure, and ability to precipitate. Grasping the scope and nature of aerosol environmental impacts requires understanding microphysical-to-global scale processes, operating on timescales from minutes to days or longer. Satellites are the primary source of observations on kilometer-to-global scales. Spacecraft observations are complemented by suborbital platforms: aircraft in situ measurements and surface-based instrument networks that operate on smaller spatial scales, some on shorter timescales. Numerical models play a third key role in this work — providing a synthesis of current physical understanding with the aggregate of measurements, and allowing for some predictive capability. This presentation will focus on what we can say about aerosol amount and type from space. Constraining particle "type" is at present the leading challenge for satellite aerosol remote sensing. We will review recent advances and future prospects, including the strengths and limitations of available approaches, and current work toward better integrating measurements with models to create a clearer picture of aerosol environmental impacts, globally.
109. HET Seminar
"Semileptonic decays of B_(s) mesons to light pseudoscalar mesons with lattice QCD"
Presented by Zechariah Gelzer, Iowa University
Wednesday, October 18, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Mattia Bruno
110. Particle Physics Seminar
"The R&D and Mass Production of 20"MCP-PMT for Neutrino Detection"
Presented by Dr. Sen Qian, IHEP China
Monday, October 16, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Researchers at IHEP, Beijing have conceived a new concept of MCP-PMT several years ago. The small MCP (Microchannel Plate) units replace the bulky Dynode chain in the tranditional large PMTs for better photoelectron detection. After three years R&D, a number of 8 inch prototypes were produced and their performance was carefully tested at IHEP in 2013 by using the MCP-PMT evaluation system built at IHEP. The 20 inch prototypes were followed in 2014, and its' performance were improving a lot in 2015. Compensating the PMT performances with fiducially volume convert all specifications to cost, radioactivity, dark noise, TTS, the JUNO ordered 15000 pic 20-inch MCP-PMT from the NNVT in Dec.2015. In 2016, the MCP-PMT collaboration group finished to build the mass production line in Nanjing at the end of 2016, and finished the batch test system in the same place within 100 days at the beginning of 2017. From 2017 to 2019, all the 20-inch MCP-PMT will be produced and tested one by one in NNVT for JUNO. This presentation will talk about the R&D process and mass production, batch test result of the first 2K pieces of MCP-PMT prototypes for JUNO.
111. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Domain walls and phase boundaries - new nanoscale functional elements in complex oxides"
Presented by Jan Seidel, UNSW Sydney
Monday, October 16, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 480, Conference Room
Hosted by: Myung-Geun Han
Topological structures in functional materials, such as domain walls and skyrmions, see increased attention due to their properties that can be completely different from that of the parent bulk material [1]. I will discuss recent results on multiferroic phase boundaries, domain walls in BiFeO3 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] using SPM, TEM and ab-initio theory, and discuss future prospects [7]. References [1] J. Seidel (ed.), Topological structures in ferroic materials: domain walls, skyrmions and vortices, ISBN: 978-3-319-25299-5, Springer, Berlin (2016) [2] P. Sharma, et al., Scientific Reports 6, 32347 (2016) [3] P. Sharma, et al., Advanced Electronic Materials 2, 1600283 (2016) [3] J. Seidel, et al., Advanced Materials 26, 4376 (2014) [4] Y. Heo, et al., Advanced Materials 26, 7568 (2014) [5] Y. Heo et al., ACS Nano, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07869 (2017) [6] P. Sharma, et al., Advanced Materials Interfaces 3, 1600033 (2016) [7] J. Seidel, Nature Nanotechnology 10, 190 (2015)
112. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"What can we learn from flow observables in heavy-ion collisions?"
Presented by Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Rutgers University
Thursday, October 12, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Chun Shen
The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), nature's first and most perfect liquid, has been successfully reproduced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. The dynamics of the QGP can be well described by relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, allowing for precise comparisons to experimental data in order to extract the properties of the QGP. While a small shear viscosity is well-established, questions still remain regarding the precise initial state, the temperature dependence of viscosity, the smallest system that displays QGP-like properties, and the equation of state at large densities. In this talk, the various flow harmonic observables are analyzed to help answer these remaining questions.
113. Particle Physics Seminar
"SB/BNL Joint Cosmo Seminar (at Stony Brook)"
Presented by Chang Feng, UC Irvine
Wednesday, October 11, 2017, 1:30 pm
Stony Brook
Hosted by: Neelima Sehgal
114. HET Lunch Discussions
"Repulsion of Dark Matter and Null Direct Signals"
Presented by Hooman Davoudiasl, BNL
Friday, October 6, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
115. HET Seminar
"Flavorful Higgs bosons"
Presented by Wolfgang Altmannshofer, Cincinnati University
Wednesday, October 4, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Sally Dawson
Measurements of Higgs production and decays have revealed that most of the mass of the weak gauge bosons is due to the 125 GeV Higgs. Similarly, we know that the Higgs is at least partially responsible for giving mass to the top and bottom quarks and the tau lepton. Much less is known about the origin of mass for the first two generations. In this talk, I will discuss a framework in which the first and second generation masses originate from a second source of electroweak symmetry breaking and outline the phenomenological implications.
116. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"The nature of flow fluctuations, from pp to A+A, and back again"
Presented by Mingliang Zhou, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, October 3, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jiangyong Jia
In recent years, there have been rapid progresses in our understanding of the event-by-event flow fluctuation, which provides direct insight into the fluctuations in the initial geometry. I will start my talk by briefly discussing the flow (collectivity) and its fluctuation in small systems pp and p+Pb, using the newly-proposed subevent cumulant method, which is able to suppress the non-flow background effectively. I will show there is significant fluctuation of elliptic flow $v_2$ in pp and non-Gaussian fluctuation of triangular flow $v_3$ in p+Pb. Moving from small to large systems, STAR collaboration recently has shown different behaviors of cumulant $c_2\{4\}$ between Au+Au and U+U in ultra-central collisions, which is believed to support the different geometry fluctuations. By presenting the newest ATLAS flow measurements in ultra-central collisions, together with detailed MC Glauber studies, I will explain why sign change of $c_2\{4\}$ is observed and its implications. In the end, I will go back to small systems and discuss the potential impact of centrality resolution on pp flow measurements.
117. Particle Physics Seminar
"Latest Results from the T2K Experiment"
Presented by Kendall Mahn, Michigan State University
Friday, September 29, 2017, 3:30 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
One of the most promising investigations of beyond-the-Standard-Model physics has been the study of neutrino oscillation, that is, the conversion of neutrinos from one flavor to another as they propagate. While neutrino oscillation is studied in a wide variety of experiments, accelerator based experiments, such as T2K, use a muon neutrino or antineutrino beam as a source to look for electron (anti)neutrino appearance, muon neutrino disappearance. The source also is used to make measurements of neutrino interactions and search for exotic physics. This talk will describe a recent analysis of both neutrino and antineutrino beam data from T2K. Comparisons between neutrino and antineutrino event rates provide a tantalizing window on possible CP violation in the neutrino sector. The talk will also highlight the increasingly important role of systematic uncertainty assessment for T2K and other future measurements of CP violation with accelerator beams.
118. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"QCD on a small circle"
Presented by Aleksey Cherman, University of Washington
Friday, September 29, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
Recent developments have shown that QCD-like theories can be engineered to remain in a confined phase when compactified on an arbitrarily small circle, where their features may be studied quantitatively in a controlled fashion. I'll explain how a non-perturbative mass gap and chiral symmetry breaking, which are both historically viewed as prototypical strong coupling effects, appear from systematic weak-coupling calculations. Then I'll describe the rich spectrum of hadronic states, including glueball, meson, and baryon resonances in the calculable small-circle context.
119. Particle Physics Seminar
"Beauty and charm decays and physics beyond the Standard Model: an experimentalist perspective"
Presented by Marina Artuso, Syracuse University
Thursday, September 28, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
The Standard Model provides a comprehensive explanation for a vast array of data collected at different experiments. Nonetheless fundamental questions remain unanswered and the search for a more complete theory is still a coveted goal of particle physics. Recently, tensions with standard model predictions have been uncovered in several experimental observables in b-hadron decays at LHCb. I will discuss the data, possible implications, and the connection with other experimental programs such as study of kaon rare decays and neutrino mixing and CP violation
120. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Suppression of weak ferromagnetism in ultrathin iridates by interfacial engineering of octahedral rotations"
Presented by Yuefeng Nie, Nanjing University, China
Thursday, September 28, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Weiguo Yin
Layered iridates, Srn+1IrnO3n+1, have drawn great attention since they share remarkable similarities with high-Tc cuprates, including layered crystalline structure, (pseudo) spin ½ states, antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mott insulating ground state, Fermi arcs, and V shape energy gap, etc. Nonetheless, direct evidences of superconductivity such as zero resistivity and Meissner effect are still lacking up to date. The strong spin-orbit coupling and IrO6 octahedral rotations in 5d iridates result in a canted AFM ground state with weak ferromagnetic moments in each IrO2 plane. Here, we propose to suppress the weak ferromagnetism by suppressing the octahedral rotations in iridates, which may facilitate the Cooper pairing. Using a combination of reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), in situ angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first principle calculations, we investigate the evolution of octahedral rotations, electronic structure and magnetic ordering in ultra-thin SrIrO3 films grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrate. Our experimental results and theoretical calculations show that octahedral rotations and weak ferromagnetic moments are fully suppressed in 1 and 2 unit cell thick SrIrO3 films through interfacial clamping effects. If time allows, I will also present our recent work on the new understanding of RHEED oscillations in the growth of oxides and the chemically specific termination control of oxide interfaces via layerby- layer mean inner potential engineering.
121. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Color Memory, Large Gauge Transformations, and Soft Theorems in Yang-Mills Theory"
Presented by Monica Pate, Harvard University
Thursday, September 28, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
An infinite dimensional symmetry group which governs the infrared sectors of gauge and gravity theories has been recently discovered. This symmetry can be established both from an asymptotic symmetry analysis as well as from the corresponding Ward identities which are quantum field theoretic soft theorems. Moreover, the spontaneous breaking of these symmetries induces vacuum transitions which are detectable by charged particles through the so-called memory effect. In this seminar, I will explain the precise equivalence between asymptotic symmetries, soft theorems and memory effects in the context of tree level Yang-Mills. In particular, in this context the soft gluon theorem is Ward identity of a large gauge symmetry, whose action on the vacuum can be measured from the relative color charge of colored detectors.
122. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Ultrafast TEM and Time-of-Flight EELS using microwave cavities"
Presented by Jom Luiten, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
Friday, September 22, 2017, 11 am
Bldg. 480, Conference Room
Hosted by: Yimei Zhu
Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy (U-TEM) has become a very important tool for the study of ultrafast phenomena at (sub-)nm length scales and (sub-)ps time scales. U-TEM is usually based on the creation of ultrashort electron pulses by femtosecond laser photoemission from a flat cathode, with the result that both the beam quality and the average current are significantly less than in state-of-the-art continuous-beam TEMs. At Eindhoven University we have developed U-TEM in which ultrashort electron pulses are produced by using a 3 GHz deflecting microwave cavity in TM110 mode to sweep a high-brightnes continuous beam across a slit [1]. We have demonstrated ultrafast beam chopping with conservation of the beam quality and the sub-eV energy spread of the FEG source of an adapted 200 keV Tecnai TEM, enabling atomic resolution with sub-ps temporal resolution at 3 GHz rep rate [2] In addition we have developed a new method for doing Time-of-Flight Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (ToF-EELS) based on the combined use of two TM110 deflecting cavities and two TM010 (de)compression cavities. The first 'chopping' TM110 cavity produces ultrashort electron pulses which are sent through a sample. Energy loss in the sample translates into reduction of the electron velocity and thus into a later arrival time at the detector, which is measured with a synchronized second TM110 'streak' cavity. In this way an energy resolution of 12 eV at 30 keV has been demonstrated [3]. By adding a TM010 (de)compression cavity after the sample, the longitudinal phase space can be manipulated in such a way that the energy resolution is improved to 2 eV (to be published). By adding a second TM110 cavity before the sample, full control over the longitudinal phase space can be achieved. Detailed charged particle tracking simulations show that an energy resolution of 20 meV combined with a temporal resolution of 2 ps can be achieved; or, alternatively, 2
123. Particle Physics Seminar
"Evidence for the H to bb decay with the ATLAS detector"
Presented by Giacinto Piacquadio, Stony Brook University
Thursday, September 21, 2017, 4 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
Most Higgs bosons are expected to decay to a pair of b-quarks, with the Standard Model predicting a branching fraction of about 58%. Probing this decay is important to furthering our understanding of the Higgs sector, but its observation at hadron colliders is complicated by overwhelming Standard Model backgrounds. In this seminar, the search for the Higgs to bb decay, looking at the associated production of the Higgs boson with a W or Z boson, is presented, based on 36 fb-1 of 13 TeV LHC Run 2 data.
124. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Two new applications of geometric critical phenomena for disordered electron systems"
Presented by Matthew Foster, Rice University
Thursday, September 21, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Robert Konik
I will discuss two very recent results relating to the properties of electrons in two spatial dimensions (2D), subject to the effects of quenched disorder (impurities) and quantum interference [Anderson (de)localization]. In both cases, the key physics is tied to classical geometric critical phenomena in 2D. I will first present numerical evidence that strongly suggests the equivalence of disordered surface states of topological superconductors and geometric percolation. Percolation is known to play a role in quantum Hall systems with magnetic fields. Our unexpected result implies that percolation applies to topological superconductor surface states in the absence of time-reversal symmetry breaking. Moreover, the usual "even-odd" effect that occurs in such a system (as identified by Pruisken in the integer quantum Hall effect and by Haldane for spin chains) is found to be absent. Second, I will discuss a "toy model" for the ergodic to many-body localized phase transition in 2D, and relate it to an effective self-interacting walk. I will present analytical results of a controlled expansion which suggest that the transition can be viewed as a "dephasing catastrophe."
125. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"TMD gluon distributions for dijet production and their behavior at small x"
Presented by Elena Petreska, NIKHEF
Friday, September 15, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
Starting from the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) cross section for dijet production in proton-nucleus collisions we derive a transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization formula for small transverse-momentum imbalance of the jets and for finite number of colors. For the eight TMD distributions appearing in the cross section we determine their operator definitions at small-x as CGC correlators of Wilson lines and we study their JIMWLK evolution. We find that at large transverse momentum the universality of TMDs gets restored. We also discuss an extension of the approach to generalized TMDs (GTMDs) that can give an insight into the angular correlations between impact parameter and dipole size in the CGC framework.
126. HET Lunch Discussions
"Precision calculation of the g-2 HVP contribution by combining lattice and R-ratio data"
Presented by Christoph Lehner, BNL
Friday, September 15, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
127. Particle Physics Seminar
"SB/BNL Joint Cosmo seminar (at BNL): Mapping the Cosmos with the Dark Energy Survey"
Presented by Dr. Chihway Chang, ETH Zurich
Thursday, September 14, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Erin Sheldon
The first year data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y1) provides the most powerful optical survey dataset to date. In this talk I will first give an overall summary of the cosmology results from the DES Y1 dataset combining galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing. Next, I will describe our work in generating and testing the wide-field weak lensing mass maps from the galaxy shape measurements and some exciting applications for the maps. I will end with thoughts on how weak lensing could also inform us on various topics of galaxy formation, which is essential for completing the story behind the Universe we see today.
128. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Thermal Fluctuations in Hydrodynamic Simulations of QGP"
Presented by Mayank Singh, McGill University
Thursday, September 14, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
Multi-particle correlations measured in heavy-ion collision experiments carry info on fluctuations present in the entire evolutionary history of the system. Initial states include geometric and quantum fluctuations and are important contributors. The thermal fluctuations during the course of QGP evolution is another conceptually important source of these fluctuations and should be studied in detail. We begin by treating thermal fluctuations as a linearized perturbation on hydrodynamic background. We present a full calculation of hadronic and photonic observables including these fluctuations. Recently we have included fluctuations in our simulations in a non-perturbative manner. Progress based on this approach will be discussed.
129. Physics Colloquium and Leona Woods Lecture
"Momentum-space structure of hadrons and nuclei at high energy"
Presented by Elena Petreska, NIKHEF
Tuesday, September 12, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
Transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distributions describe the configuration of quarks and gluons inside protons and nuclei in three-dimensional momentum space. Observables in scattering experiments can be calculated with the help of TMD factorization formulas, where the target and projectile are represented with non-perturbative TMD distributions, which are separated from the short-distance perturbative part of the collision. A complementary approach to study the momentum structure of protons and nuclei at high energy is the Color Glass Condensate which is an effective theory for the high-gluon-density region of ultra-relativistic particles. We introduce both theories and we discuss connections between them. We present phenomenological results derived from these connections.
130. NSLS-II Seminar
"On the assessment of radiation damage and high temperature effects in novel nuclear materials using the BNL accelerators and synchrotrons"
Presented by Nick Simos, Sr Scientist Emeritus, BNL
Friday, September 8, 2017, 3 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Ron Pindak
In search for new and improved materials, composites and super-alloys capable of withstanding the anticipated extreme states associated fusion reactors; high temperature fast reactors and multi-MW particle accelerators, novel reactor steels, super-alloys and composites are continuously being explored to help meet both the challenge of the higher demand environments and the intended application. Higher fluxes and fluences of irradiating species (neutrons and/or protons), extreme temperatures and aggressively corrosive environments make up the new cocktail of operating conditions of the new array of material structures. One of the challenges in characterizing the effects that high radiation fluxes of neutrons and protons induce on these novel material structures in conjunction with high temperatures is the link between lattice induced damage and phase transformation and macroscopic physical properties which ultimately determine performance in the real environment. High energy X-rays at the BNL synchrotrons have offered a path in establishing this important connection between micro-scale effects and physical properties of novel material structures exposed to high radiation fluxes. Specifically, by integrating the unique capabilities of the BNL accelerator complex that includes, in addition to the NSLS and NSLS II, the proton accelerator and Tandem as well as those of CFN, the evolution and/or damage of materials ranging from classical structures such as graphite, beryllium and steels to novel super-alloys, such as those of Invar and "Gum" metal, and new composites have been characterized both at the two length scales. The pivotal role of high energy X-rays from NSLS to NSLS II in making the connection will be presented demonstrating the enormous potential of the NSLS II in answering fundamental questions in our path towards the next generation nuclear materials. Furthermore, first glimpses of the correlation of lattice effects or damage induced by differ
131. HET Lunch Discussions
"Towards a non-perturbative calculation of Weak Hamiltonian Wilson Coefficients"
Presented by Mattia Bruno, BNL
Friday, September 8, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
132. NSLS-II Colloquium Series
"Experiments, Analyses, and Manipulations with Particle Beam"
Presented by Shyh-Huan Lee, Indiana University, IN
Thursday, September 7, 2017, 4 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: John Hill
Progress on particle beam physics research have provided marked improvements in beam intensity, brightness, and stability advancing frontier research in applied and fundamental science. This talk will review some beam measurements and manipulation studies being undertaken to improve beam performance in storage rings. Hopefully, these studies will be relevant to the operation and improvement of National Accelerator User Facilities.
133. Particle Physics Seminar
"Radiation damage study of a thin YAG:Ce scintillator using low-energy protons"
Presented by Dr. Vladmir Linhart, Czech Technical University in Prague
Thursday, September 7, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Radiation hardness of a 50µm thin YAG:Ce scintillator in a form of dependence of a signal efficiency on 3.1MeV proton ?uence was measured and analyzed using X-ray beam. The signal efficiency is a ratio of signals given by a CCD chip after and before radiation damage. The CCD chip was placed outside the primary beam because of its protection from damage which could be caused by radiation. Using simplified assumptions, the 3.1MeV proton fluencies were recalculated to: • 150 MeV proton fluencies with intention to estimate radiation damage of this sample under conditions at proton therapy centers during medical treatment, • 150 MeV proton doses with intention to give a chance to compare radiation hardness of the studied sample with radiation hardness of other detectors used in medical physics, • 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluencies with intention to compare radiation hardness of the studied sample with properties of position sensitive silicon and diamond detectors used in nuclear and particle physics. The following results of our research were obtained. The signal efficiency of the studied sample varies slightly (±3%) up to 3.1MeV proton ?uence of c. (4 − 8) × 1014 cm−2. This limit is equivalent to 150MeV proton ?uence of (5 − 9) × 1016 cm−2, 150MeV proton dose of (350 − 600) kGy and 1MeV neutron ?uence of (1 − 2) × 1016 cm−2. Beyond the limit, the signal efficiency goes gradually down. Fifty percent decrease in the signal efficiency is reached around 3.1MeV ?uence of (1 − 2) × 1016 cm−2 which is equivalent to 150 MeV proton ?uence of around 2 × 1018 cm−2, 150MeV proton dose of around 15 MGy and 1 MeV neutron equivalent ?uence of (4 − 8) × 1017 cm−2. In contrast with position sensitive silicon and diamond radiation detectors, the studied sample has at least two order of magnitude greater radiation resistance. Therefore, YAG:Ce sci
134. Simons Center for Geometry and Physics Public Lecture
"Mysteries of the Universe and Everyday Life"
Presented by Michelangelo Mangano; Young-Kee Kim; Joe Lykken, LHC/CERN; University of Chicago; Fermilab
Tuesday, September 5, 2017, 5:30 pm
Simons Center at Stony Brook University, Della Pie
In the past few decades we have learned a great deal about the basic laws of Physics in the infinitely small – and the infinitely large – and how the two are intimately connected. New windows have expanded our understanding, and many unexpected questions have emerged. This is an exhilarating time in history. New tools, both theoretical and observational, may lead in the next decade to major advances in our understanding of the universe. As in the past, when major discoveries are made about the fundamental laws of Nature, not only is our view of the world enriched, but also our life is transformed. A good place to explore the discoveries from the past decades is in the description of symmetry, symmetry breaking and the Higgs boson in High Energy Physics: why, how and where to…. in a nutshell. These talks will present what we know and what we seek in the fundamental laws of Nature; how we go about answering basic questions in high energy experiments, how much we have learned, and how the technical developments needed to make discoveries have changed society. They will also delineate the boundaries of our knowledge and the known unknowns in fundamental high energy physics and cosmology.
135. HET Lunch Discussions
"Finite Volume in QCD+QED & g-2 HLbL"
Presented by Taku Izubuchi, BNL
Friday, September 1, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
136. Particle Physics Seminar
"Wiener-SVD approach to data unfolding"
Presented by Dr. Hanyu Wei, BNL
Thursday, August 31, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Data unfolding is a commonly used technique in the high energy physics experiments, to retrieve the distorted or transformed measurements by various detector effects. Inspired by the deconvolution technique in the digital signal processing, a new unfolding technique based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the response matrix is developed. With the well-known Wiener filter concept, the modified SVD approach, Wiener-SVD, achieves the maximizing signal-to-noise ratio of the binned data in a transformed set of orthonormal bases where the uncertainties are bin-to-bin uncorrelated. In this talk, the mathematical principles and formulations of the newly developed Wiener-SVD unfolding will be presented. A few applications will be demonstrated. A comparison with the commonly used regularization method will also be shown. The advantages and disadvantaged of the Wiener-SVD approach will be discussed.
137. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"QCD corrections to high-pT hadron production in ep scattering"
Presented by Werner Vogelsang, Tuebingen University
Friday, August 25, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
We discuss various cross sections and spin observables in high-pT hadron production in lepton proton collisions, with special focus on the role of perturbative QCD corrections. We present phenomenological studies relevant for present fixed-target experiments and for a future EIC.
138. Particle Physics Seminar
"Precision tests with antimatter: A glimpse at the 1S – 2S transition in trapped antihydrogen"
Presented by Dr. William Bertsche, CERN
Thursday, August 24, 2017, 10 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Optical spectroscopy with antihydrogen atoms remains one of the most promising routes towards testing CPT invariance and physics beyond the Standard Model in an effort to address the observed Baryon asymmetry in the Universe today. The ALPHA collaboration has made significant progress towards the first measurements of optical transitions in trapped antihydrogen atoms, and has recently published the first observation of the 1S – 2S transition in a fully antimatter atom. This work finds the transition consistent with CPT invariance at a level of approximately 2 x 10-10 [1]. This talk will review the details of this pioneering experiment and discuss the prospects of future spectroscopy studies and other fundamental measurements with the ALPHA experiment. [1] M. Ahmadi, et al (ALPHA Collaboration), "Observation of the 1S–2S transition in trapped antihydrogen" Nature 541, 506–510 (2017).
139. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Experiments on electron hydrodynamics with and without applied magnetic fields"
Presented by Andrew Mackenzie, Max-Planck-Institute, Germany
Wednesday, August 23, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conf. Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Cedomir Petrovic
Will discuss experiments aimed at probing signatures of viscous contributions to electrical transport in ultra pure metallic systems. The hydrodynamic regime was reached in semiconductor heterostructures in the 1990s, but has only recently come into reach in naturally occurring compounds. I will focus on our group's work on layered delafossite metals, but possibly also discuss results from other groups on different material families.
140. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Factorization and phenomenology for Transverse Momentum Dependent distributions"
Friday, August 18, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
Factorization and phenomenology for Transverse Momentum Dependent distributions Abstract: The factorization of the hadronic part of the cross sections plays a central role in our comprehension of collider physics. I will review some aspects of the factorization, like the appearence of rapidity divergences and the related subtractions and log resummation (up to higher orders in QCD perturbative expansion) in transverse momentum dependent cross sections. As an application I will describe the inclusion of the TMD formalism in an analysis of vector boson production data.
141. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Revisit the energy density and the gluon spectrum in the boost-invariant Glasma from a semi-analytic approach"
Presented by Ming Li
Thursday, August 17, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
In high energy heavy-ion collisions, the soft degrees of freedom at the very initial stage after the collision can be effectively represented by strong classical gluonic fields within the Color Glass Condensate framework. Understanding the space-time evolution of the system is equivalent to solving the classical Yang-Mills equations for the gluonic fields. There have been many efforts in the past two decades in numerically solving these equations. In this talk, on the contrary, I will use a semi-analytic approach that assumes the solution has the form of a power series expansion in the proper time. I will discuss the energy-momentum tensor and the gluon spectrum obtained from this approach and make comparisons with the numerical results in the literature.
142. Special Nuclear Theory Seminar
"Gluon orbital angular momentum at small-x"
Presented by Yoshitaka Hatta, YITP, Kyoto University
Wednesday, August 16, 2017, 10:30 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Raju Venugopalan
After reviewing the general aspects of the partonic orbital angular momentum in QCD (rigorous definition, connection to the Wigner distribution, etc), I focus on the gluon OAM in the small-x regime and discuss its measurability and a possible relation to the polarized gluon distribution.
143. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Resummation of nonglobal logarithms in QCD"
Presented by Yoshitaka Hatta, Kyoto University
Friday, August 11, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
The large angle emission of soft gluons from QCD jets gives rise to the so-called nonglobal logarithms. In this talk I discuss the resummation of nonglobal logarithms at finite Nc with particular emphasis on its deep connection to the small-x logarithms in high energy scattering.
144. HET Lunch Discussions
"Hierarchion - a unified framework to address the Standard Model's hierarchies"
Presented by Gilad Perez, Weizmann Institute
Friday, August 11, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
145. Brookhaven Lecture
"516th Brookhaven Lecture: 'From NSLS to NSLS-II and Beyond: Accelerator Physics Challenges'"
Tuesday, August 8, 2017, 4 pm
Berkner Hall Auditorium
Hosted by: Larry Carr
146. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"General formulae for dipole Wilson line correlators with the Color Glass Condensate"
Presented by Kenji Fukushima, University of Tokyo
Friday, August 4, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
I talk about general formulae to compute Wilson line correlators with the Color Glass Condensate approximated by the McLerran-Venugopalan model. Specifically, as an application, I explain about a perturbative expansion of the dipole correlators in terms of 1/N_c to derive fully analytical expressions. I finally discuss the validity of the large-N_c expansion by calculating the higher-order harmonics of the flow observables in the dipole model.
147. HET Lunch Discussions
"The Standard Model as a Lamppost"
Presented by Eder Izaguirre, BNL
Friday, August 4, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
148. NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"From Particles to Patients: The Role of an Epoxide Hydrolase in P. Aeruginosa Virulence"
Presented by Kelli Hvorency, 2017 Julian D. Baumert. PhD. Thesis Award Winner, Dartmouth College
Friday, August 4, 2017, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg 743 (LOB 3), room 156
Hosted by: Ben Ocko, Shirish Chodankar, Milinda Abeykoon, Juergen Thieme and Guimei Wang
149. HET Lunch Discussions
"Possible origin(s) of flavor anomalies"
Presented by Amarjit Soni, BNL
Friday, July 28, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
150. Particle Physics Seminar
"Latest Results from NOvA"
Presented by Louise Suter, Fermilab
Thursday, July 27, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino experiment which utilizes two basically fully active, finely segmented, liquid scintillator detectors: a Near Detector located at Fermilab, and a Far Detector located in Ash River, MI, and situated roughly 14 mrad off Fermilab's NuMI beam. Using this narrow-band beam of mostly muon neutrinos we study the oscillation of these neutrinos over the 810 km baseline to measure the rate of electron neutrino appearing and of muon neutrinos and neutral current interactions disappearing between the two detectors. These are interpreted to give our latest measurements on the neutrino mass ordering, CP violation, the flavor content of the third neutrino mass eigenstate, and tests of the three-neutrino paradigm.
151. Computational Science Initiative Event
"The AMReX Astrophysics Suite: Simulating the Stars at the Exascale"
Presented by Michael Zingale, Associate Professor, Dept. Of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
Thursday, July 27, 2017, 1:30 pm
Seminar Room, Bldg. 725
Hosted by: Meifeng Lin
Astronomy is an observational science — we take data (primarily light) from the objects in the Universe and use this to infer how systems work. Astrophysical simulations allow us to perform virtual experiments on these systems, giving us the ability to see into stars in a way that light alone does not allow. Stellar systems can be modeled using the equations of hydrodynamics, together with nuclear reactions, self-gravity, complex equations of state, and at times, radiation (and magnetic fields). The resulting simulation codes are multiphysics and multiscale, and a variety of techniques have been developed to permit accurate and efficient simulations. We describe the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) codes for astrophysics built upon the AMReX library: the AMReX Astrophysics Suite. We'll focus on the codes for stellar / nuclear astrophysics: Maestro and Castro. Maestro models subsonic stellar flows while Castro focuses on highly-compressible flows. They share the same microphysics (reaction networks, equations of state) and parallelization strategy. Through AMReX, we distribute boxes in our AMR hierarchy across nodes and we use OpenMP (via a logical tiling model in Castro) to spread the work on a box across cores in a node. Recently we've implemented a GPU strategy in AMReX that allows us to move the computational kernels onto GPUs to offload expensive calculations. We'll discuss the current performance of the hydrodynamics and reaction networks on GPUs and how our strategy will evolve in the future.
152. Environmental & Climate Sciences Department Seminar
"Classifying Aerosol Particles with a Centrifugal Particle Mass Analyzer (CPMA)"
Presented by Kristen Okorn, Stevens Institute of Technology (SULI Student Summer 2017)
Thursday, July 27, 2017, 11 am
Conference Room Bldg 815E
Hosted by: Ernie Lewis
Although wood stoves are a carbon-neutral renewable energy source, they are the largest source of particulate matter (PM) emissions in New York State. A Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA), which classifies particles by their mobility diameter, has traditionally been employed to characterize such particulate emissions. However, because the black carbon (BC) particles produced by combustion that contribute to PM are fractal, their mobility diameters are not equal to their mass-equivalent diameters. In contrast to the DMA, the Centrifugal Particle Mass Analyzer (CPMA) classifies aerosol particles by their mass, using two rotating cylinders and an electric potential; when the centrifugal and electrostatic forces on a particle are equal, it passes through. The CPMA can select particles with masses ranging from 2×10 4 to 1.05×103 fg (corresponding to diameters, for particles with density 1 g cm 3, ranging from 7 to 1300 nm). It can be operated in two different ways: the "Run" classification method can be used to select for a single particle mass, and the "Step Scan" method can be used to select particles over a set range of masses. A neutralizer must be used upstream of the CPMA to create a charge distribution on particles before they enter the instrument. A DMA can optionally be used to pre-select particles of a specific mobility diameter before entering the CPMA. Downstream of the instrument, a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) must be used in order to determine the number concentration of particles that pass through the CPMA. The basic operating principles of the CPMA are discussed, and results are presented for its characterization of polystyrene latex (PSL) particles, ammonium sulfate particles, and emissions from a wood burning stove.
153. HET Lunch Discussions
"Quasi PDFs"
Presented by Luchang Jin, BNL
Friday, July 21, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
154. Particle Physics Seminar
"W boson mass measurement with the ATLAS experiment"
Presented by Fabrice Balli, CEA Saclay
Thursday, July 20, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
The W boson mass is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model (SM) and was measured by several experiments at high energy e+e- and ppbar colliders. This parameter's measurement has the biggest impact on indirect searches for new particles or interactions, by comparing the measurement of this parameter with the prediction from the SM. It was measured recently by the ATLAS experiment at LHC, using data recorded in 2011, with a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV. I will review the thorough work that was performed in the ATLAS collaboration for this measurement and will discuss some considerations for future measurements at the LHC.
155. HET Lunch Discussions
"Long-lived light scalars and displaced vertices as probe of seesaw"
Presented by Bhupal Dev, Washington University
Friday, July 14, 2017, 12 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Amarjit Soni
In low-scale seesaw models for neutrino masses with local B −L symmetry breaking, the Higgs field breaking the B −L symmetry can leave a physical real scalar field with mass around GeV scale. In the specific case when the B − L symmetry is embedded into the left-right symmetry, low energy flavor constraints necessarily require such a light scalar to be long lived, with a distinct displaced photon signal at the LHC. We will discuss this previously unexplored region of parameter space, which opens a new window to TeV scale seesaw physics at colliders.
156. NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Bio-cryo Electron Microscopy: The Opportunity and Plan" and "Characterizing Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Employed in Drug Delivery Systems"
Presented by Sean McSweeney and Kazuo Sakurai, NSLS-II, BNL and University of Kitakyushu
Friday, July 14, 2017, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg 743 (LOB 3), room 156
Hosted by: Ben Ocko, Shirish Chodankar, Milinda Abeykoon, Juergen Thieme and Guimei Wang
157. Physics Colloquium
"Anomalies in Reactor Neutrinos"
Presented by Chao Zhang, BNL
Tuesday, July 11, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Nuclear reactors are one of the most intense, pure, controllable, cost-effective and well-understood sources of neutrinos. Reactor neutrinos have played a major role in the discovery of neutrinos and neutrino oscillations. However, recently there emerged a few anomalies from reactor neutrino experiments when compared with state-of-the-art model predictions. The anomalies include a 5.5% deficit of the integrated antineutrino flux, a discrepancy in the antineutrino prompt energy spectrum around 5 MeV, and a 7.8% deficit in the 235U antineutrino flux from the new fuel evolution analysis in the Daya Bay Experiment. In this talk, those anomalies and their implications will be discussed. A new reactor neutrino experiment, PROSPECT, is aiming to resolve the anomalies by precisely measuring the 235U antineutrino spectrum at a very short baseline. The status of the PROSPECT experiment will also be reported
158. Office of Educational Programs Event
"High School Research Program Begins"
Monday, July 10, 2017, 8:30 am
Hamilton Seminar Room, Bldg. 555
159. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Holographic Pomeron: Scattering, saturation, entropy and black hole."
Presented by Ismail Zahed, Stony Brook
Friday, July 7, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
I will discuss the general nature of the holographic Pomeron as a quantum QCD string exchange in both flat and curved AdS space for both pp and ep collisions at either large energies or small x. This description leads naturally to the concept of wee-strings and their distribution both in rapidity and transverse space. The holographic Pomeron carries intrinsic temperature and entropy, with the latter being identical to the recently reported entanglement entropy. I will show that this non-perturbative description of the Pomeron cross over to the the perturbative one, with a phase boundary dominated by string balls, i.e. long and massive strings near their intrinsic Hagedorn temperature. These string balls lead to a distribution of large multiplicity pp events that is in agreement with the one reported for pp collisions at the LHC. I will show that at low-x, the quantum string is so entangled that very weak string self-interactions can cause it to turn to a black hole. I will suggest that low-x saturation occurs when the density of wee-strings reaches the Bekenstein bound, with a proton size that freezes with increasing rapidity.
160. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Probing Transverse Momentum Broadening in Heavy Ion Collisions"
Presented by Feng Yuan, LBL
Friday, June 30, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
In this talk, we will discuss the dijet azimuthal de-correlation in relativistic heavy ion collisions as an important probe of the transverse momentum broadening effects in heavy ion collisions. We take into account both the soft gluon radiation in vacuum associated with the Sudakov logarithms and the jet PT-broadening effects in the QCD medium. We find that the Sudakov effects are dominant at the LHC, while the medium effects can play an important role at RHIC energies. This explains why the LHC experiments have not yet observed sizable PT-broadening effects in the measurement of dijet azimuthal correlations in heavy ion collisions. Future investigations at RHIC will provide a unique opportunity to study the PT-broadening effects and help to pin down the underlying mechanism for jet energy loss in a hot and dense medium.
161. HET Seminar
"Double Gauge Boson Production in the SM Effective Field Theory"
Presented by Ian Lewis, University of Kansas
Wednesday, June 28, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Sally Dawson
162. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Measurement of longitudinal flow correlations in 2.76 and 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector"
Presented by Peng Huo, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, June 27, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jin Huang
Longitudinal dynamics has recently become a topic of great interest in the study of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Measurement of the longitudinal fluctuations of the flow harmonic coefficients $v_n$ and event-plane angles $\Psi_n$ can provide a more complete picture of space-time evolution of the hot, dense medium formed in heavy ion collisions. Longitudinal flow decorrelations can be modeled with two contributions: magnitude fluctuations and event plane twist. However, existing observables do not separate these two effects. In this analysis, a new 4-particle correlator is used to separate the event-plane twist from magnitude fluctuations in 2.76 and 5.02 Pb+Pb collisions. Results show both effects have a linear dependence on pseudorapidity separation for $v_{2-5}$, and show a small but measurable variation with collision energy. The correlation of $\Psi_n$ of different order are also expected to have longitudinal fluctuations due to the non-linear mixing effects between lower and higher order flow harmonics. First measurement of such non-linear mode-mixing effects as a function of pseudorapidity is also presented. These result will help to constrain initial conditions along longitudinal direction and also help understand the longitudinal evolution of the fireball.
163. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering on "moderately correlated" quantum materials"
Presented by L. Andrew Wray, New York University
Thursday, June 22, 2017, 1 pm
ISB Bldg. 734 Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Mark Dean
The resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) technique is best known for significant breakthroughs in the investigation of strongly correlated materials such as cuprates. However, the rapid advancement of RIXS spectrographs has made it increasingly attractive to apply the technique to a broad range of quantum materials outside of this comfort zone. This talk will review lessons learned from our recent measurements on material systems that feature a balance of correlated and itinerant physics, including VO2, the hidden order compound URu2Si2, and Prussian blue analogue battery electrodes. RIXS spectra enable the first observation of important collective modes for these systems, and provide a look into how correlated electron symmetries are melted - or persist! - in relatively itinerant and covalent environments. The data also highlight the need for improved theoretical modeling and higher photon throughput to achieve deeper insights.
164. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Tailoring Lattice and Charge at Complex Oxide Nanostructures and Interfaces"
Presented by Xia Hong, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Tuesday, June 20, 2017, 11 am
Bldg. 480, Conference Room
Hosted by: Yimei Zhu
Capitalizing on the energy competition of charge itineracy with the strong electron-electron and electron-phonon couplings, nanoscale manipulation of the charge and lattice degrees of freedom in strongly correlated oxides can often lead to new functionalities that are inaccessible in the bulk form. In this talk, I will present our studies of the emerging phenomena at epitaxial correlated oxide nanostructures and hetero-interfaces that result from the nanoscale lattice and charge control. By creating nanoscale periodic depth modulation, we have achieved a 50-fold enhancement of the magnetic crystalline anisotropy in ultrathin colossal magnetoresistive (La,Sr)MnO3, which is attributed to a non-equilibrium strain distribution established in the nanostructures [1]. I will also discuss the intricate interplay between epitaxial strain and electric field effect in determining the correlated transport of the charge transfer type Mott insulator (Sm,Nd)NiO3 [2,3], and how the interfacial charge transfer between two correlated oxides can be exploited to effectively engineer the performance of ferroelectric-gated Mott transistors [4]. [1] A. Rajapitamahuni et al., PRL 116, 187201 (2016). [2] L. Zhang et al., JPCM 27, 132201 (2015). [3] L. Zhang et al., APL 107, 152906 (2015). [4] X. Chen et al., Adv. Mater, in press (2017).
165. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Laser-driven Pulsed Neutron Sources as a Potential Pool-side Characterization Tool for Nuclear Fuels"
Presented by Sven Vogel, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Monday, June 19, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734, Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Emil Bozin
The unique advantages of neutrons for characterization of nuclear fuel materials [1] are applied at the pulsed spallation neutron source at LANSCE to accelerate the development and ultimately licensing of new nuclear fuel forms. Neutrons allow to characterize the crystallography of phases consisting of heavy elements (e.g. uranium) and light elements (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, or silicon) [2]. The penetration ability in combination with comparably large (e.g. cm sized) beam spots provide microstructural characterization of typical fuel geometries for phase composition, strains, and textures from neutron diffraction. In parallel, we are developing energy-resolved neutron imaging and tomography with which we can complement diffraction characterization. This unique approach not only allows to visualize cracks, arrangement of fuel pellets in rodlets etc., but also characterization of isotope or element densities by means of neutron absorption resonance analysis [3]. Laser-driven pulsed neutron sources [4] have the potential to provide these capabilities "pool-side", e.g. at the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory. Compared to proton accelerator driven spallation sources, requiring investments exceeding $1B, the investment cost for a laser-driven neutron source would be of the order of several$10M with the potential of similar flux to that of a smaller, earlier generation spallation neutron source. Compared to electron accelerator-driven neutron sources, the flux of a laser-driven source would be at least one order of magnitude higher. Compared to reactor neutron sources, the pulse structure of the laser-driven neutron source would enable unique characterization not possible with steady-state reactor neutrons. In this presentation, we provide an overview of our recent accomplishments in fuel characterization for accident-tolerant fuel consisting of uranium nitride/uranium silicide composite fuels as well as metallic fuels.
166. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Better fitting through (fictitious) chemistry"
Presented by Pasi Huovinen, Uniwersytet Wroclawski
Monday, June 19, 2017, 10 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
One of the puzzles we have faced at the LHC is why the thermal models apparently cannot properly fit the yield of protons. I will explore how the fit improves if we assume that nucleon-antinucleon annihilations freeze-out way later than all other number changing processes or if strange particles freeze-out before non-strange particles, and how this affects the final particle distributions in hydrodynamical calculations.
167. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Exploring the phase structure and dynamics of QCD"
Presented by Jan Pawlowski, Heidelberg
Friday, June 16, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
The past years have seen tremendous progress in the description of Quantum Chromodynamics at vanishing and finite temperature and density with functional approaches, such as the functional renormalisation group or Dyson-Schwinger equations. Within these approaches QCD correlation functions of quarks, gluon and hadrons are computed non-perturbatively from first principles. In the talk I will discuss results for the phase structure of QCD at finite temperature and density, as well as for thermodynamical obserables such as the pressure and the trace anomaly. The approach is also applied to baryon number fluctuations. By now functional approaches also allow for a direct computation of transport coefficients in QCD. First results concern the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity over entropy ratio in Yang-Mills theory and QCD. The talk concludes with a discussion of the further prospects for our understanding of the phase structure and dynamics of QCD.
168. Particle Physics Seminar
"First Results from XENON1T"
Presented by Dr. Fei Gao, Columbia University
Thursday, June 15, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Understanding the properties of dark matter particle is a fundamental problem in particle physics and cosmology. The search of dark matter particle scattering off nuclei target using ultra-low background detector is one of the most promising technology to decipher the nature of dark matter. The XENON1T experiment, which is a dual phase detector with ~2.0 tons of xenon running at the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy, is designed to lead the field of dark matter direct detection. Since November 2016, the XENON1T detector is continuously taking data, with a background rate of more than one order of magnitude lower than any current generation dark matter search experiment. In this talk, I will present the first dark matter search results from XENON1T. Details about the XENON1T detector as well as the data analysis techniques will also be covered.
169. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"A model of chiral spin liquids with tunable edge states"
Presented by Christopher Mudry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
Thursday, June 15, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Alexei Tsvelik
We construct a quantum field theory in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime for strongly interacting Majorana fields that is amenable to a mean-field approximation. The mean-field phase diagram predicts the existence of two competing phases, one of which supports chiral non-Abelian topological order, while the other supports chiral Abelian topological order. The two mean-field phases are separated by a continuous phase transition. This quantum field theory captures the low-energy physics of quantum spin-1/2 localized on the sites of a lattice whose interactions are $SU(2)$ symmetric but break time-reversal symmetry. The lattice geometry can be interpreted as a one-dimensional stacking of two-leg ladders or as a bilayer of two square lattices. Both incompressible ground states can thus be thought of as chiral spin liquids in two-dimensional space supporting non-Abelian and Abelian topological order, respectively.
170. HET/RIKEN Seminars
"Searching for New Physics with Higgs Decays"
Presented by Daniel Stolarski, Carleton University
Wednesday, June 14, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Pier Paolo Giardino
171. Particle Physics Seminar
"Hadronically interacting Dark Matter, and a new mechanism for the Baryon Asymmetry, within QCD"
Presented by Professor Glennys Reynolds Farrar, NYU
Wednesday, June 14, 2017, 10 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
There may be a so-far-undiscovered neutral, stable particle composed of 6 quarks, denoted S, with mass m_S ~ 2 m_p. If so, the S is an excellent Dark Matter candidate. More generally, I will discuss how hadronic-strength interaction between DM and baryons can cause local DM to co-rotate with gas and stars, resulting in DM energy deposits below threshold for direct detection. DM-baryon interactions cause rotation curves to reflect baryonic density profiles, as observed in some galaxies, and can help alleviate some of the issues with CDM at small scales. An open question is whether the measured Ly-alpha power spectrum places an upper limit on the DM-baryon cross section, which is sufficiently robust and constraining to rule out the co-rotation scenario. The S-DM scenario suggests a new mechanism for producing the observed baryon asymmetry, and appears capable of naturally explaining the DM to baryon ratio.
172. Physics Colloquium
"Stable Sexaquark as Dark Matter"
Presented by Professor Glennys Reynolds Farrar, NYU
Tuesday, June 13, 2017, 3:30 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Dark Matter could be composed of an as-yet-undiscovered stable or essentially stable, neutral B=2 hadron composed of uuddss quarks. How such a particle, designated S for Sexaquark and to distinguish from the loosely bound di-Lambda called H-dibaryon, can be compatible with current knowledge is explained. The S is absolutely stable if m_S < 2 m_p+ 2 m_e. If m_S > 2 m_p+ 2 m_e but < m_p+m_e + m_Lambda, its lifetime could be longer than the age of the Universe. Experiments are proposed to discover and measure the mass of the proposed particle. To first approximation it behaves like standardl Cold Dark Matter, but some distinctive differences may help explain some puzzles about DM at galactic scales.
173. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Gluon structure of hadrons and nuclei"
Presented by Phiala Shanahan, MIT
Friday, June 9, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
I will present the results of recent lattice QCD studies of the gluon generalised form factors of both hadrons and light nuclei. The generalised transversity gluon distributions are of particular interest since they are purely gluonic; they do not mix with quark distributions at leading twist. In light nuclei they moreover provide a clean signature of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom. The goal of these studies is to provide QCD predictions to be tested at an electron-ion collider (EIC) designed to access gluon structure quantities including transverse-momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) and gluon generalised parton distributions (GPDs).
174. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Anomalies and Exact Results In Massive Quantum Chromodynamics"
Presented by Zohar Komargodski, Stony Brook
Thursday, June 8, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
175. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Anatomy of Azimuthal Angle Correlations in Large and Small Systems - Why the fuss?"
Presented by Roy Lacey, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, June 6, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Oleg Eyser
Azimuthal momentum anisotropy measurements are ubiquitous at both RHIC and the LHC. However, there are pervasive misconceptions as to the mechanistic origin of this anisotropy in both small and large systems. In this talk, I will demonstrate how recent momentum anisotropy measurements, for a broad range of systems, have been leveraged to gain new mechanistic insights and to constrain the properties of the medium produced in these collisions. In particular, the role of final state effects versus initial state momentum domain effects in explanations of the measurements will be addressed.
176. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Hydrodynamic Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions"
Presented by Derek Teaney, Stony Brook
Friday, June 2, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
We develop a set of kinetic equations for hydrodynamic fluctuations which are equivalent to nonlinear hydrodynamics with noise. The hydrokinetic equations can be coupled to existing second-order hydrodynamic codes to incorporate the physics of these fluctuations. We use the hydrokinetic equations to analyze thermal fluctuations for a Bjorken expansion, evaluating the contribution of thermal noise from the earliest moments and at late times. In the Bjorken case, the solution to the kinetic equations determines the coefficient of the first fractional power of the gradient expansion $\sim 1/(\tau T)^{3/2}$ for the expanding system. Numerically, we find that the contribution to the longitudinal pressure from hydrodynamic fluctuations is larger than second-order hydrodynamics for typical medium parameters used to simulate heavy ion collisions. Subsequently we analyze the behaviour of hydrodynamic fluctuations of near the QCD critical point, and dilineate the relevance Kiblle-Zurek scaling relative to other physics. If time permits we will also describe how thermal fluctuations place a lower bound on the bulk viscosity of QCD. References: Y.~Akamatsu, A.~Mazeliauskas and D.~Teaney, A kinetic regime of hydrodynamic fluctuations and long time tails for a Bjorken expansion,'' [arXiv:1606.07742 [nucl-th]]. Y.~Akamatsu, D. Teaney, F. Yan, Y. Yin, `Transitting the critical point,'' in progress.
177. Environmental & Climate Sciences Department Seminar
"Cloud radiative fraction: Determination by high resolution photography from the surface looking upward"
Presented by Stephen E. Schwartz, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department
Thursday, June 1, 2017, 11 am
Conference Room Bldg 815E
Clouds greatly affect short- and longwave radiation transfer in the atmosphere and consequently climate. Hence it is essential that the amount and radiative influences of clouds be accurately represented in climate models. The conventional measure of the amount of cloud in a grid cell is cloud fraction, CF, the fraction of the surface area covered by cloud. CF is a commonly reported meteorological quantity, with a long record of surface observations, greatly augmented in the past several decades by satellite observations. Global cloud fraction determined from satellite measurements has systematically increased with time, a consequence not of secular increase in cloud fraction but of an increase with time in the sensitivity of active and passive satellite instruments. Such a situation raises the question of whether CF can be defined and how well it can be measured. Commercially available digital cameras provide an unprecedented opportunity for detailed study of cloud structure from the surface, looking upward. Key attributes of such cameras include large number of pixels, (e.g., 3456 x 4608; 16 M pixel) yielding rich detail of spatial structure, high spatial resolution, and high dynamic range (16 bit in each of three color channels at visible wavelengths). In the work reported here two cameras were pointed vertically, typically with field of view FOV 21 × 29 mrad and 120 × 160 mrad, respectively, denoted here narrow field of view, NFOV, and wide field of view WFOV, corresponding, for cloud base at 1 km, to 21 × 29 m (NFOV) and 120 × 160 m (WFOV). For perspective, the FOV for the NFOV camera is 2 × 3 sun diameters and for the WFOV camera 11 × 15 sun diameters. Nominal angular dimension of a single pixel is 6 μrad for the NFOV camera and 34 μrad for the WFOV camera, corresponding, again for cloud height 1 km, to 6 mm and 34 mm, respectively. Such single-pixel resolution is some 3 to 5 orders of magnitude finer than that avai
178. Particle Physics Seminar
"Higgs boson properties: what we learn from run II of LHC"
Presented by Andrei Gritsan, Johns Hopkins University
Thursday, May 25, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Alessandro Tricoli
During the second run in 2015-2016, LHC delivered the number of proton-proton collisions far beyond expectation and at higher energy than in run I. We will review the very first results on the H boson properties based on the full dataset collected by CMS by now. We will go through the four main topics: H boson couplings to gauge bosons, couplings to fermions, self-couplings, and search for an extended Higgs sector. Prospects of some of these measurements through the end of run III and phase II of LHC will be discussed.
179. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Mixed Anomaly and Global Consistency"
Presented by Yuya Tanizaki, RBRC
Thursday, May 25, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
Symmetry and topology are powerful tools to study strongly interacting dynamics. In this talk, we will see that mixed 't Hooft anomaly and global consistency strongly constrains the possible low-energy dynamics in a simple quantum mechanical example. I will briefly explain the same idea is useful to study the phase diagram of bifundamental gauge theories at finite theta angles.
180. HET/RIKEN Seminar
"Cosmology in Mirror Twin Higgs and Neutrinos"
Presented by Patrick Fox, Fermilab
Wednesday, May 24, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
181. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Searching for collectivity and testing the limits of hydrodynamics: results from the 2016 d+Au beam energy scan"
Presented by Ron Belmont, University of Colorado Boulder
Tuesday, May 23, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jin Huang
The standard picture of heavy ion collisions is that large systems (collisions of large nuclei like Au+Au and Pb+Pb) create a quark-gluon plasma that exhibits collective behavior indicative of nearly inviscid hydrodynamical evolution. Recently, data from small systems (collisions of a small projectile and a large target like d+Au and p+Pb) have been found to exhibit strikingly similar evidence for collective behavior. To further elucidate these results, RHIC delivered in 2016 a beam energy scan of d+Au collisions at 4 different energies: 200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV. In this talk we present a wide array of results from the Run16 d+Au BES and discuss the implications for collective behavior and the limits of applicability for hydrodynamics.
182. Particle Physics Seminar
"Tiny Bubbles in the Mine: New Results from the PICO-60 Dark Matter Detector"
Presented by Dr. Eric Dahl, North Western
Friday, May 19, 2017, 10 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
The PICO Collaboration builds bubble chambers for the direct detection of WIMP dark matter. These devices are unique among direct detection experiments both in the WIMP models they can probe and the backgrounds they face. The PICO collaboration has set consecutive world-leading direct-detection limits on the spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section, most recently with a zero-background 1.2 ton-day exposure with a C3F8 target in the PICO-60 detector at SNOLAB. This result is significant not just because it reaches new WIMP parameter space, but also because it demonstrates our ability to eliminate the anomalous bubble nucleation background that limited past bubble chamber WIMP searches, opening the door for experiments at the ton scale and beyond. I will describe this new result from PICO, our immediate plans for new detectors at SNOLAB, and the broader role bubble chambers will play in the future of dark matter detection, including the new scintillating bubble chamber technology developed by my group at Northwestern.
183. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Probing quantum entanglement at the Electron Ion Collider"
Presented by Dima Kharzeev, BNL and Stony Brook University
Thursday, May 18, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
184. HET/RIKEN Seminars
"Collider and Cosmological Signatures of a Strong Electroweak Phase Transition"
Presented by Jonathan Kozaczuk, UMass Amherst
Wednesday, May 17, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Pier Paolo Giardino
185. Physics Colloquium
"Direct Detection of sub-GeV Dark Matter"
Presented by Rouven Essig, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, May 16, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrei Nomerotski
Dark matter makes up 85% of the matter in our Universe, but we have yet to learn its identity. A broad array of search strategies are needed to probe for non-gravitational interactions between dark matter and ordinary matter. While most searches focus on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with masses between 1 GeV and 1 TeV, it is imperative to also consider other motivated dark matter candidates. In this talk, I will discuss dark matter with MeV-to-GeV masses, which is a theoretically and phenomenologically appealing possibility and presents a new frontier in the search for dark matter. I will highlight novel dark matter direct-detection strategies that can probe this under-explored mass range. I will describe how XENON10 data already probes dark matter with masses as low as a few MeV, and discuss improvements expected from new experiments using semiconductors or scintillators. This includes SENSEI, a new ultra-low-threshold silicon CCD detector, which is poised to probe vast new regions of parameter space in the next few years. I will also present a few simple benchmark models of MeV-to-GeV dark matter, and contrast direct-detection probes with searches at colliders and fixed-target experiments.
186. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Thin-Film Alchemy: Using Epitaxial Engineering to Unleash the Hidden Properties of Oxides"
Presented by Darrell G. Schlom, Cornell University
Monday, May 15, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Ivan Bozovic
Guided by theory, unparalleled properties—those of hidden ground states—are being unleashed by exploiting large strains in concert with the ability to precisely control dimensionality and stabilize metastable phases in epitaxial oxide heterostructures. For example, materials that are not ferroelectric or ferromagnetic in their unstrained state can be transmuted into materials that are both at the same time. Similarly, new tunable dielectrics with unparalleled performance have been created as well as a new single-phase multiferroic material where ferroelectricity and strong magnetic ordering are coupled near room-temperature. These are just three examples of the unparalleled properties—those of hidden ground states—being unleashed in epitaxial oxide heterostructures utilizing thin film alchemy
187. NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Status of SSRF and the Shanghai X-FEL Projects, and Efforts in Single Particle Imaging and Whole Cell Imaging with X-FELs"
Presented by Thomas Earnest, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Friday, May 12, 2017, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg 743 (LOB 3), room 156
Hosted by: Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar
188. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"The nucleon axial charge from Lattice QCD"
Presented by Enrico Rinaldi, RBRC
Thursday, May 11, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
189. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Probing nucleon substructure with Bayesian parameter estimation"
Presented by Scott Moreland, Duke
Friday, May 5, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
Multi-particle correlations observed in small collision systems at top LHC energies exhibit signatures which are similar to those observed in large collision systems and generally attributed to the formation of a deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP). This suggests that even proton-proton and proton-lead collisions may produce small droplets of QGP which translate spatial inhomogeneities into final-state momentum anisotropies. A primary challenge in testing hydrodynamic descriptions of small collision systems is in modeling the initial stages of the collision. In this talk, I discuss recent efforts to apply Bayesian methodology to parametric descriptions of initial state physics. I show that such methods can be extended to smaller length scales which include partonic degrees of freedom and glean information regarding the fluctuating nature of the proton.
190. HET Lunch Discussions
"Standard Model EFT and Extended Scalar Sectors"
Presented by Chris Murphy, BNL
Friday, May 5, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
191. Computational Science Initiative Event
"Frontiers for High Performance Computing in Cancer Research"
Presented by Dr. Eric A. Stahlberg, Frederick Nat Lab for Cancer Research
Friday, May 5, 2017, 10 am
Seminar Room, Bldg. 725
Hosted by: Frank Alexander
Anticipated advances in high-performance computing are enabling exciting new areas of computational and data oriented cancer research. These frontiers are being explored in a unique collaboration between the US Department of Energy and the National Cancer Institute in the Joint Design of Advanced Computing Solutions for Cancer. While the three-year collaboration is still in its first year, the collaboration is providing tremendous insight into the promise and challenges of employing extreme scale computing to advance research in the challenging and complex problem of cancer. Challenged with the aim of providing predictive insight in areas such as tumor response to treatments, molecular level interactions, and even clinical outcomes, the collaborative effort advances the frontiers of cancer research and computing in both numerically-intensive and data-intensive applications, while providing insights into opportunities for the high-performance computing community overall.
192. Particle Physics Seminar
"New MEG Results and Prospects for Improved Searches for Muon and Electron Number Violation in the Charged Sector"
Presented by William Molzon, University of California, Irvine
Thursday, May 4, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Searches for muon and electron number violation in the charged sector continue to be a sensitive probe of non Standard Model physics. I will give results of the full data-set of the MEG collaboration's search for muons decaying to electron plus photon and describe improvements to the MEG muon beam and apparatus that will improve sensitivity by a factor of ten in the next few years. I will also briefly review other experiments in the planning and early construction phases that are expected to improve sensitivity in related processes in the coming 5-10 years.
193. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Transient Dynamics of Strongly Correlated Electrons After Sudden Excitations"
Presented by Marco Schiro, Institut de Physique Theorique (IPhT), CEA, Saclay, France
Thursday, May 4, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Robert Konik
The development of pump-probe spectroscopies with femtosecond time resolution, which allows to track the dynamics of electronic degrees of freedom in solids under optical excitations, opens up a new window to understand strongly correlated materials and offers the intriguing possibility of controlling their properties with light, on ultra-fast time scales. Triggered by these advances, the interest around time dependent phenomena in quantum many body systems has recently substantially grown. In this talk will review recent progress in understanding transient dynamics of electrons in correlated metals, Mott Insulators and superconductors. I will show that quite generically these systems display very sharp dynamical transitions as a function of the external perturbation, in correspondence of which the lattice response and the sensitivity to density inhomogeneities can be greatly enhanced.
194. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"Lattice study of gauge theory with multiple fermion representations"
Presented by Ethan Neil, University of Colorado, Boulder and RBRC
Thursday, May 4, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Enrico Rinaldi
"There is long-standing theoretical interest in the behavior of a strongly-coupled gauge theory in the presence of multiple fermions charged under different representations of the gauge group. In addition to the question of whether generation of dynamically separated scales will occur, such theories appear commonly in UV realizations of composite Higgs models with partially composite top quarks. I will present a first lattice study of SU(4) gauge theory with fermions in each of the two lowest-lying representations, discussing the finite-temperature phase structure and low-lying spectrum. Connections to BSM physics through a particular composite Higgs model will also be made."
195. Joint YITP/HET Seminar
"Evidence for a ~17 MeV Particle in Rare Beryllium-8 Decays?"
Presented by Tim Tait, UCI
Wednesday, May 3, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Amarjit Soni
196. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Analyticity in Spin and Causality in Conformal Theories"
Presented by Simon Caron-Huot, McGill
Friday, April 28, 2017, 2 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
The conformal bootstrap aims to calculate scaling dimensions and correlation functions in various theories, starting from general principles such as unitarity and crossing symmetry. I will explain that local operators are not independent of each other but organize into analytic functions of spin, and I will present a formula, extending a classic one due to Froissart and Gribov in the early days of Regge theory, which quantifies the consequences of this fact. Applications will include a new way to solve crossing symmetry at large spin, as well as new bounds encoding bulk locality in theories with a gravity dual. Based on 1703.00278.
197. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Spin-liquids in novel triangular and kagome rare-earth magnets"
Presented by Martin Mourigal, Georgia Tech
Friday, April 28, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
Insulating magnets combining the effects of geometrical frustration with strong spin-orbit coupling offer a prime route to realize correlated quantum states with exotic ground-states and excitations. Spin-space anisotropy and bond-directional magnetic exchange interactions are naturally present in rare-earth oxides. One of the most celebrated consequence is the existence of classical and quantum "spin-ice" physics in rare-earth pyrochlores, materials in which magnetic ions occupy a three-dimensional network of corner-sharing tetrahedra. In this talk, I will present the discovery of distinct flavors of exotic magnetic matter in families of rare-earth oxides with two-dimensional kagome [1] and triangular [2] geometries. This experimental work relies on recent advances in materials synthesis and combines thermodynamic characterization with state-of-the-art neutron scattering experiments to unravel the classical or quantum nature of these newly discovered quasi-two-dimensional spin-liquids. [1] Emergent order in the kagome Ising magnet Dy3Mg2Sb3O14, J. A. M. Paddison, H. S. Ong, J. O. Hamp, P. Mukherjee, X. Bai, M. G. Tucker, N. P. Butch, C. Castelnovo, M. Mourigal, and S. E. Dutton, Nature Communications 7, 13842 (2016). [2] Continuous excitations of the triangular-lattice quantum spin liquid YbMgGaO4, J. A. M. Paddison, M. Daum, Z. L. Dun, G. Ehlers, Y. Liu, M. B. Stone, H. D. Zhou, and M. Mourigal, Nature Physics AOP (2016).
198. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Magnetometry Study of Underdoped Cuprate YBa2Cu3O6.55"
Presented by Fan Yu, University of Michigan
Friday, April 28, 2017, 11 am
Bldg. 734, ISB. Conf. Rm. 168
Hosted by: Qiang Li
This talk would be focused on my study of the phase diagram of underdoped cuprate YBa2Cu3O6.55 using torque magnetometry as well as my exploration of extending magnetometry method into even higher magnetic fields (>45T) using pulsed magnet. The complex phase diagrams of cuprates are sometimes referred to as "competing orders", where a large variety of ordering tendencies are known to (co-)exist. Our experiment managed to reveal an anomaly on the magnetic susceptibility, which we believe was related to charge density wave transition. Particularly interesting is that this anomaly is observed in the strong diamagnetic regime where vortex liquid exists. We believe this should be considered as a direct experimental evidence for the picture of "competing orders". To further our understanding of the quantum vortex liquid, experiments at mK temperatures and at magnetic field exceeding 40 Tesla are necessary. During my PhD study, considerable amount of time was devoted to developing a reliable magnetometry method utilizing the pulsed magnet at NHMFL, Los Alamos. I would like to present my trail-and-error as well as the proposition of "time-delayed probe design", which should be able to bypass the inherent noise of a pulsed environment.
199. Particle Physics Seminar
"CP violation in neutrino oscillations and impact of new physics"
Presented by Dr. Poonam Mehta
Friday, April 28, 2017, 10 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
The study of CP violation addresses fundamental questions such as - are the laws of physics the same for matter and anti-matter. CP is a discrete symmetry of nature given by a product of two quantities : charge conjugation (C) and parity (P). Detecting leptonic CP violation is one of the most challenging goals in particle physics today. An attractive possibility to measure CP phase is via long baseline accelerator experiments such as Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In this talk, we will show that clean extraction of CP violating phase becomes a formidable task in presence of new physics and one needs to devise ways to distinguish between standard paradigm and the new physics scenarios.
200. Particle Physics Seminar
"Searching for Optical Counterparts to Gravitational Wave Events in the Dark Energy Survey"
Presented by Jim Annis, Fermilab
Thursday, April 27, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Erin Sheldon
201. YITP/HET Joint Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by John Donoghue, U. Mass Amherst
Wednesday, April 26, 2017, 3 pm
YITP Seminar Room, Stony Brook University
202. Physics Colloquium
"Current Status of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Research"
Presented by Bob McKeown, Jefferson Lab
Tuesday, April 25, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Andrei Nomerotski
The observation of neutrinoless double beta decay would establish that neutrinos are Majorana fermions and would represent a discovery of profound importance: that lepton number is not conserved. There is currently a worldwide effort to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, using a variety of candidate isotopes and detector technologies. A subcommittee of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) recently surveyed the field and the associated research and development needs. Based on the information provided to this subcommittee, I will present an overview of the present activity in this field and the prospects for the future.
203. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Forward particle production in pA: implementing the NLO hybrid formalism"
Presented by Tuomas Lappi, University of Jyväskylä
Friday, April 21, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
Single inclusive particle production cross sections in high energy hadron collisions at forward rapidity are an important benchmark process for the CGC picture of small x QCD. The process can be calculated in the "hybrid formalism", where a collinear large-x quark or gluon scatters off the dense color field of the target. Recent calculations at next-to-leading order in perturbation theory have not led to a stable physical result for the single inclusive cross section at high transverse momenta. The problem with these NLO calculations lies in the subtraction procedure for the soft "rapidity" divergence which must be absorbed into BK renormalization group evolution of the target. This talk discusses recent work to understand and resolve the problems with the subtraction procedure. In particular, we have recently implemented numerically the quark channel production cross section using a new rapidity factorization procedure proposed by Iancu et al. For a fixed coupling one does indeed obtain a physically meaningful cross section which is positive and reduces in a controlled way to previous leading order calculations. However, it is not yet clear how to generalize this to running coupling in a way that is fully consistent with previous leading order calculations in coordinate space.
204. HET Lunch Discussions
Presented by Bill Marciano, BNL
Friday, April 21, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
205. Particle Physics Seminar
"Searching for Our Milky Way's Dark Companions"
Presented by Alex Drlica- Wagner, Fermilab
Thursday, April 20, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Erin Sheldon
Our Milky Way galaxy is surrounded by a multitude of dwarf satellite galaxies. They are some of the oldest, least luminous, most metal poor, and most dark-matter-dominated objects known. These extreme objects provide a unique opportunity for testing the standard models of cosmology and galaxy formation. In addition, the relative proximity and large dark matter content of dwarf galaxies make them excellent systems for probing the fundamental properties of dark matter. Over the past two years, the unprecedented sensitivity of the Dark Energy Camera has allowed us to nearly double the known population of Milky Way satellites. These discoveries help address the "missing satellites problem" and can be used to test the particle nature of dark matter. However, they also raise new questions concerning the role of the Magellanic Clouds in the formation of the Milky Way's satellite population. I will summarize recent results, outstanding questions, and upcoming advances in the study of the Milky Way's dark companions.
206. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Unpaired Spins in Superconductors: From Assassin to Enabler"
Presented by Jeffrey Lynn, NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Thursday, April 20, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
The magnetic properties of superconductors have a rich and interesting history, and we will briefly review some highlights. Early work showed that even tiny concentrations of magnetic impurities destroyed the superconducting pairing through the exchange-driven spin depairing mechanism, prohibiting any possibility of magnetic order coexisting with superconductivity. The first exceptions to this rule were provided by the cubic rare-earth substituted CeRu2 alloys, followed by the ternary Chevrel-phase superconductors (e.g. HoMo6S8) and related compounds, where long range magnetic order coexists or competes with superconductivity. The very low magnetic ordering temperatures (~1 K) suggested that dipolar rather than exchange interactions dominate, thus (it was thought) allowing the coexistence. These materials also provided the first examples of the competition between ferromagnetism and superconductivity. In the newer borocarbide class of magnetic superconductors (e.g. ErNi2B2C), however, it became clear that the magnetic order is in fact exchange driven. The borocarbides also provided the first example of the spontaneous formation of flux quanta (vortices). For the cuprate and iron-based superconductors (formerly known as "high Tc") we now have come full circle, as the spins are not only tolerated but are intimately tied to the superconductivity. The "parent" cuprate systems are Mott-Hubbard antiferromagnetic insulators with very strong magnetic interactions that are two-dimensional in nature. These strong exchange interactions survive into the superconducting state, yielding highly correlated electrons that participate directly in the superconducting pairing. The "parent" materials of the new iron-based high TC superconductors are also antiferromagnets with very energetic spin excitations, and in the superconducting regime they form a "magnetic resonance" that is directly tied to the superconducting order parameter, ju
207. Particle Physics SB/BNL Joint Cosmo seminar
"TBD"
Presented by Kyle Story, Stanford
Wednesday, April 19, 2017, 3 pm
Stony Brook University
208. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Listening to the hydrodynamic noise of Dirac fluid in graphene"
Presented by Kin Chung Fong, Raytheon BBN Technologies and Harvard University
Tuesday, April 18, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Qiang Li
Interactions between the Dirac fermions in graphene can lead to new collective behavior described by hydrodynamics. By listening to the Johnson noise of the electrons, we are able to probe simultaneously the thermal and electrical transport of the Dirac fluid and observe how it departs from Fermi liquid physics. At high temperature near the neutrality point, we find a strong enhancement of the thermal conductivity and breakdown of Wiedemann-Franz law in graphene. This is attributed to the non-degenerate electrons and holes forming a strongly coupled Dirac fluid. At lower temperatures beyond the hydrodynamic behavior, the Dirac fermions are in extreme thermal isolation with minute specific heat that can be exploited for ultra-sensitive photon detection. We will present our latest experimental result towards observing single microwave photons and explore its role in scaling up the superconducting qubit systems. Our model suggests the graphene-based Josephson junction single photon detector can have a high-speed, negligible dark count, and high intrinsic quantum efficiency for applications in quantum information science and technologies. Ref: Science 351, 1058 (2016)
209. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect at RHIC : challenges and opportunities"
Presented by Prithwish Tribedy, BNL
Tuesday, April 18, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jia Jiangyong
In this talk I will discuss about the ongoing and future efforts at RHIC towards the search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME). I will focus on the recent STAR measurements of the charge separation across the reaction plane, a predicted signal of the Chiral Magnetic Effect. Although charge separation has been observed, it has been argued that the measured separation in A+A collisions can be explained by elliptic flow related backgrounds. I will discuss on the challenges in disentangling such background contributions from the signals of CME. I will also discuss on implications of the recent measurements of charge separation in p+A collisions towards the search for CME.
210. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Effect of magnetic field on flow fluctuations in"
Presented by Ajit M. Srivvastava
Friday, April 14, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
Very strong magnetic fields can arise in non-central heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, which may not decay quickly in a conducting plasma. We carry out magnetohydrodynamics simulations to study the effects of this magnetic field on the evolution of the plasma and on resulting flow fluctuations. Our results show that magnetic field leads to enhancement in elliptic flow, while flow fluctuations lead to reorganization of magnetic flux resulting in a transient increase in the local magnetic field. We also show generation of vorticity arising from nontrivial dependence of magnetosonic waves on pressure gradients and magnetic field direction. Magnetic field from collision of deformed nuclei shows very nontrivial features and can lead to qualitatively new effects on plasma evolutions. We discuss possibility of dynamo effect in the presence of vortices if any exotic high baryon density QCD phases are achieved in heavy-ion collisions.
211. HET Lunch Discussions
"Electroweak Wilson Coefficients from Lattice QCD"
Presented by Mattia Bruno, BNL
Friday, April 14, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
212. Particle Physics Seminar
"Natural Seesaw in Warped/Composite Higgs framework and its LHC Signals"
Presented by Kaustubh Agashe, University of Maryland
Thursday, April 13, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
I will show how a natural seesaw model for SM neutrino mass arises within the general framework of a warped extra dimension (dual to composite Higgs in 4D). It starts out as an attempt at implementing the high-scale seesaw mechanism. I will first carefully determine what the underlying dynamical picture really is. Motivated by this physical understanding, LHC signals of TeV-mass SM singlet neutrinos within a specific model for the electroweak gauge sector will be discussed. Some of these channels are similar to those studied in 4D left-right (LR) symmetric models, but nonetheless the two can be distinguished. While other signals are more characteristic of the 5D/composite framework, i.e., are absent in 4D LR models.
213. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Electronic Squeezing of Pumped Phonons: Negative $U$ and Transient Superconductivity"
Presented by Dante Kennes, Columbia University
Thursday, April 13, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Neil Robinson
Advances in light sources and time resolved spectroscopy have made it possible to excite specific atomic vibrations in solids and to observe the resulting changes in electronic properties but the mechanism by which phonon excitation causes qualitative changes in electronic properties has remained unclear. Here we show that the dominant symmetry-allowed coupling between electron density and dipole active modes implies an electron density-dependent squeezing of the phonon state which provides an attractive contribution to the electron-electron interaction, independent of the sign of the bare electron-phonon coupling and with a magnitude proportional to the degree of laser-induced phonon excitation. Reasonable excitation amplitudes lead to non-negligible attractive interactions that may cause significant transient changes in electronic properties including superconductivity. The mechanism is generically applicable to a wide range of systems, offering a promising route to manipulating and controlling electronic phase behavior in novel materials.
214. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Systematic study of hadron production in highly asymmetric collisions at PHENIX"
Presented by Norbert Novitzky, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, April 11, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jin Huang
The observation of long range correlations in highly asymmetric systems as in p+Pb and d+Au collisions suggests the creation of a medium with collective behavior. Single particle production has proven to be a valuable tool to probe the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy ion collisions as it is sensitive to energy loss, modifications of the nuclear wavefunction. It is an open question whether the apparent medium in small-on-large collisions and the QGP in large-on-large collisions is indeed the same, as is the role of the dynamics of the projectile (nucleon) wavefunction. In order to address these questions with a systematic study of highly asymmetric collisions, the RHIC collider provided beams for p+Al, p+Au, d+Au and 3He+Au collisions. The hadron production as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and rapidity can provide us very useful information about the evolution of the initial state and medium formation with system size. We will present the neutral pion and charged hadron measurements at forward, mid- and backward rapidities and discuss the implications of the results.
215. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Anisotropic dissipative fluid dynamics - foundations & applications in heavy-ion physics"
Presented by Professor Dirk Rischke, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität
Friday, April 7, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
In collisions of heavy ions at ultrarelativistic energies, a system of hot and dense strongly interacting matter is created. This matter exhibits a surprisingly strong degree of collectivity, implying a short mean free path of its constituents and, consequently, a small shear viscosity-to-entropy density ratio. This allows to describe the evolution of the system using relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics. Dissipative fluid dynamics can be understood as an expansion around local thermodynamical equilibrium, corresponding to the ideal-fluid limit where dissipative corrections are absent. A short mean free path means that this expansion is well defined and converges sufficiently rapidly. Nevertheless, in the initial stage of a heavy-ion collision, space-time gradients of the fluid-dynamical fields (energy-momentum and net-charge densities) are so large that dissipative corrections to the ideal-fluid limit can become sizable. In this situation, novel approaches to relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics are called for. One such approach is anisotropic dissipative fluid dynamics, which is based on an expansion around an anisotropic non-equilibrium state (instead of local thermodynamical equilibrium, as in conventional dissipative fluid dynamics). In this talk, I present a derivation of the equations of motion of anisotropic dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation, using the method of moments. I also discuss how to resolve an ambiguity to close the system of equations of motion in the case when there are no corrections to the anisotropic state which constitutes the basis of the moment expansion.
216. HET Lunch Discussions
"Fuzzy Dark Matter from Infrared Confinement"
Presented by Hooman Davoudiasl, BNL
Friday, April 7, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
217. Instrumentation Division Seminar
"Next Generation Readout Electronics: Highly Integrated, High Performance and Low Cost Data Acquisition for Future Instrumentation Needs"
Presented by Isar Mostafanezhad, Nalu Scientific, LLC
Thursday, April 6, 2017, 2:30 pm
Large Conference Room, Bldg. 535
In this presentation, we discuss recent progress in high channel count data acquisition systems for large experiments. In recent years Nalu Scientific has established a new model for integration of readout electronics with detectors for HEP/NP applications. The most recent work has been involvement in the commissioning of the Belle II Time of Propagation Klong and Muon subdetectors at KEK in Japan. These innovations resulted in modern, modular, compact and high performance readout systems. Nalu Scientific, under multiple SBIR awards, has been working to commercialize these technologies to become available as off-the-shelf products for future experiments. We will cover: 1. Summary of Belle II TOP PID and KLM subdetectors 2. High performance, highly integrated, low cost readout 3. Current efforts in high resolution/ high performance timing 4. Specialized compact readout electronics for SiPMs
218. A Special HET/RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"The Road to Nuclear Physics from Standard Model"
Presented by Zohreh Davoudi, MIT
Thursday, April 6, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Hiromichi Nishimura
At the core of nuclear physics is to understand complex phenomena occurring in the hottest and densest known environments in nature, and to unravel the mystery of the dark sector and other new physics possibilities. Nuclear physicists are expected to predict, with certainty, the reaction rates relevant to star evolutions and nuclear energy research, and to obtain the "standard" effects in nuclei to reveal information about the "non-standard" sector. To achieve such certainty, the field has gradually started to eliminate its reliance on the phenomenological models and has entered an era where the underlying interactions are "effectively" based on the Standard Model of particle physics, in particular Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The few-nucleon systems can now emerge directly from the constituent quark and gluon degrees of freedom and with only QCD interactions in play, using the numerical method of lattice QCD. Few-body observable, such as few-nucleon interactions and scattering amplitudes, as well transition amplitudes and reaction rates, have been the focus of this vastly growing field, as once obtained from QCD, and matched to effective field theories, can advance and improve the nuclear many-body calculations of exceedingly complex systems. This talk is a brief introduction to this program and its goals, with a great focus on the progress in few-body observables from QCD.
219. HET Seminar
"Hints of New Physics in Semi-leptonic B-meson Decays"
Presented by Diptimoy Ghosh, Weizman
Wednesday, April 5, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Amarjit Soni
In recent years, a number of interesting signals of potential new physics in semi-leptonic B-meson decays have been reported both by the B-factories as well as the LHCb. In this talk, I will discuss these observations with a particular emphasis on the observable $R_{D^*}$, the ratio of the branching fraction of $\bar{B} \to D^* \tau \bar{\nu}_\tau$ to that of $\bar{B} \to D^* \ell \bar{\nu}_\ell (\ell = \mu, e )$, which shows a 3.3 sigma deviation from the Standard Model prediction. I will present an effective field theory analysis of these potential new physics signals and discuss possible ways to distinguish the various operators.
220. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"New insights to the search for the anomalous chiral effects using small colliding system at the LHC"
Presented by Zhoudunming Tu, Rice University
Tuesday, April 4, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jiangyong Jia
In relativistic heavy ion collisions, anomalous chiral effects have been predicted to occur in presence of a strong magnetic field induced by the spectator protons, e.g., the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and chiral magnetic wave (CMW). In the past decade, measurements of CME and CMW have been attempted from RHIC to the LHC energies, where significant signals were found to be in line with expectations of the chiral effects. However, soon after the initial excitement, various sources of background effects were identified and proposed to qualitatively describe the data. The origin of the backgrounds has been extensively studied, but still remains inconclusive to date. Recently, novel collective phenomenon has been found in high-multiplicity pA collisions, similar to those in AA collisions. Due to the weak correlation between the magnetic field direction and the event plane, the high-multiplicity pPb data are expected to have much suppressed CME and CMW signal, comparing to that in PbPb collisions, and thus provide an ideal testing ground to observables related to the anomalous chiral effects. In this talk, I will present new measurements related to the CME and CMW from CMS in pPb and PbPb collisions at the LHC, and discuss their implications to the search for the anomalous chiral effects including an outlook for future studies.
221. Instrumentation Division Seminar
"Ultrafast imaging technology: from visible light to high-energy X-ray photons"
Presented by Zhehui Wang, LANL
Friday, March 31, 2017, 2:30 pm
Large Conference Room, Bldg. 535
We are now in the era of ultrafast imaging, which is the ability to observe transient events with a time duration no longer than 100 ps (one billionth of the time for eye blinking). Innovative methods have demonstrated photography at the mind-bending speed of one trillion frames per second. Several recent advances make ultrafast imaging possible: ultrashort lasers and X-rays for illumination, abilities to harvest ultrafast responses in materials for efficient photon and electron detection, innovative ways to store and process data. It will be shown that ultrafast imaging technology is a natural fit to mesoscopic science. Meanwhile, ultrafast imaging technology also permits photography of macroscopic objects around the corner or hidden away from the direct line of sight. One recent LANL interest in ultrafast high-energy X-ray imaging is driven by MaRIE. Some material challenges will be highlighted towards a GHz frame-rate burst mode camera for photons at above 30 keV energies.
222. HET Lunch Discussions
"A local factorization of the fermion determinant in lattice gauge theories"
Presented by Leonardo Giusti, CERN
Friday, March 31, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
223. Particle Physics Seminar
"neutrinoless double beta decay and nuclear structure theory"
Presented by Professor Petr Vogel, Caltech
Friday, March 31, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Search for the neutrinoless double beta decay is one of the main goals of nuclear physics community worldwide. If observed, it would be an example of "physics beyond the Standard Model", showing that the lepton number is not a conserved quantity and that neutrinos are massive Majorana fermions. After introducing the subject and its particle physics consequences I will concentrate on the issue of evaluation of the nuclear matrix elements. Despite decades of effort and hundreds of publications, different approaches give results that differ by roughly a factor of three, and it is difficult to decide which of them is the most realistic. I will describe the strengths and weaknesses of the nuclear models used. In addition, I will discuss the problem of "quenching", i.e. of reduction of the matrix elements of weak axial current in complex nuclei, that potentially affects the neutrinoless double beta decay matrix element values signiffcantly
224. Particle Physics Seminar
"Evaluation of reactor neutrino flux: issues and uncertainties"
Presented by Professor Petr Vogel, Caltech
Thursday, March 30, 2017, 3 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
Evaluation of the reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum is an essential ingredient of their application in the neutrino oscillation studies. Two anomalies, i.e. discrepancies between the observed and expected count rates, are widely discussed at the present time. The total rate is about 6% lower than the expectation at all distances > 10 m from the reactor. And there is a shoulder (often referred to as "bump") at neutrino energies 5-7 MeV, not predicted in the calculated spectrum. I review the ways the flux and spectrum is evaluated. I argue that far reaching conclusions based on these anomalies should await a thorough understanding of the uncertainties of the spectrum, and point out possible standard physics sources of the anomalies.
225. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Explore Mesoscopic Physics in Strongly Correlated Electron Materials with IR near-field microscopy and spectroscopy"
Presented by Mengkun Liu, Stony Brook University
Thursday, March 30, 2017, 1:30 pm
ISB Bldg. 734, Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Cedomir Petrovic
In strongly correlated electron materials, the delicate interplay between spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom often leads to extremely rich phase diagrams exhibiting intrinsic phase inhomogeneities. The key to understanding such complexities usually lies in the characterization and control of these materials at fundamental energy, time and length scales. I will use this opportunity to report the recent advances in the IR and THz near-field microscopy and spectroscopy, and explain how they can be used to probe electronic/structural phase transitions with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Specifically, with scanning near-field infrared microscopy we resolved the insulator to metal phase transitions in 3d (VO2), 4d (Ca2RuO4) and 4f (SmS) materials with ~10 nm resolution over a broad spectral range. The results set the stage for future spectroscopic investigations to access the fundamental properties of complex materials.
226. RIKEN Lunch Seminar
"The hadronic light-by-light contribution to muon g-2 from lattice QCD"
Presented by Luchang Jin, BNL
Thursday, March 30, 2017, 12:30 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Enrico Rinaldi
The current measurement of muonic g-2 disagrees with the theoretical calculation by about 3 standard deviations. Hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) and hadronic light by light (HLbL) are the two types of processes that contribute most to the theoretical uncertainty. The current value for HLbL is still given by models. We report our latest lattice calculation of hadronic light-by-light contribution to muon g-2 using our recent developed moment method. The connected diagrams and the leading disconnected diagrams are included. The calculation is performed on a 48^3 × 96 lattice with physical pion mass and 5.5 fm box size. We expect sizable finite volume and finite lattice spacing corrections to the results of these calculations which will be estimated in calculations to be carried out over the next 1-2 years.
227. Particle Physics Seminar
"Is there evidence for cosmic acceleration?"
Presented by Subir Sarkar, Oxford University
Thursday, March 30, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
The 'standard' model of cosmology is founded on the basis that the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating at present – as was inferred from the Hubble disgram of Type la supernovae. There exists now a much bigger database of supernovae so we can perform rigorous statistical tests to check whether these 'standardisable candles' indeed indicate cosmic acceleration. Taking account of the empirical procedure by which corrections are made to their absolute magnitudes to allow for the varying shape of the light curve and extinction by dust, we find that the data are still consistent with a constant rate of expansion. The implications of this will be discussed.
228. Physics Colloquium
"Physics in the complex domain"
Presented by Carl Bender, Washington University
Tuesday, March 28, 2017, 3:30 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Robert Pisarski
The theory of complex variables is extremely useful because it helps to explain the mathematical behavior of functions of a real variable. Complex variable theory also provides insight into the nature of physical theories. For example, it provides a simple and beautiful picture of quantization and it explains the underlying reason for the divergence of perturbation theory. By using complex-variable methods one can generalize conventional Hermitian quantum theories into the complex domain. The result is a new class of parity-time-symmetric (PT-symmetric) theories whose remarkable physical properties have been studied and verified in many recent laboratory experiments.
229. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Thermalization and light cones in a model with weak integrability breaking"
Presented by Stefan Groha, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Tuesday, March 28, 2017, 11 am
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Neil Robinson
We employ equation of motion techniques to study the non-equilibrium dynamics in a lattice model of weakly interacting spinless fermions. Our model provides a simple setting for analyzing the effects of weak integrability breaking perturbations on the time evolution after a quantum quench. We establish the accuracy of the method by comparing results at short and intermediate times to time-dependent density matrix renormalization group computations. For sufficiently weak integrability-breaking interactions we always observe prethermalization plateaux, where local observables relax to non-thermal values at intermediate time scales. At later times a crossover towards thermal behaviour sets in. We determine the associated time scale, which depends on the initial state, the band structure of the non-interacting theory, and the strength of the integrability breaking perturbation. Our method allows us to analyze in some detail the spreading of correlations and in particular the structure of the associated light cones in our model. We find that the interior and exterior of the light cone are separated by an intermediate region, the temporal width of which appears to scale with a universal power-law t 1/3.
230. Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Beam energy and system dependence of anisotropic flow measurements from STAR"
Presented by Niseem Magdy, Stony Brook University
Tuesday, March 28, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Jin Huang
Recent STAR measurements of azimuthal anisotropy have focused on the use of two- and multi-particle correlations as probes for model constraints for the temperature dependence of the specific shear viscosity $\eta/s$ and the initial-state structure of the collision zone. We will discuss and summarize recent two- and multi-particle correlations measurements of $v_n$ $(n > 1)$ , dipolar flow $v^{even}_1$, and $\langle cos(n \varphi_{1} + m \varphi_{2} - (n+m) \varphi_{3}) \rangle$, as a function of centrality, transverse momentum ($p_T$), and pseudorapidity ($\eta$) for $Au+Au$ at ($\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7 - 200$~GeV;{em BES-I}), $U+U$ at ($\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 193$ GeV) and $Cu+Au$ , $Cu+Cu$ ,$d+Au$ ,$p+Au$ at ($\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV).
231. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering and X-ray Emission Spectroscopy of Iron Pnictide Superconductors"
Presented by Jonathan Pelliciari, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
Monday, March 27, 2017, 10 am
ISB Bldg. 734, Conf. Rm. 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Mark Dean
I will describe Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (RIXS) experiments performed at the Swiss Light Source focusing on the detection of high-energy spin fluctuations on iron pnictides. I will show that RIXS has been successfully used to extract the spin excitation spectrum on NaFeAs, BaFe2As2, EuFe2As2 and SmFeAsO, parent compounds [1-3]. We investigated electron-doped NaFe1-xCoxAs observing the persistence of broad dispersive magnetic excitations in optimal and overdoped samples [1]. The energy of such modes is unaffected by doping and the magnetic weight per iron atom of magnons / paramagnons remains constant, demonstrating the impurity role of Co doping. The persistence of magnetic spectral weight is also caught by theoretical calculations. In the second part of the talk, I will present a combined Fe-L3 RIXS and Fe-Kβ X-rays emission spectroscopy (XES) study of isovalently doped BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 spanning a large portion of the phase diagram. RIXS measurements find the persistence of broad dispersive magnetic excitations for all doping levels. Remarkably, the energy of such modes is strongly hardened by doping differently from the cases of electron- and hole-doped BaFe2As2 [5]. On the other hand, XES experiments show a gradual quenching of the local magnetic moment, which is intriguing if compared to the behavior of spin correlations. We link the unconventional evolution of magnetism to the shift from 2- to 3-dimensional electronic structure of the system, hand in hand with the warping of the Fermi surface. Combined together these findings help to shed light on the real degree of electronic correlations in Fe pnictides. References [1] J. Pelliciari et al., Phys. Rev. B, 93, 134515 (2016); [2] J. Pelliciari et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 122601 (2016); [3] J. Pelliciari et al., "Local and collective magnetism of EuFe2As2" accepted in Phys. Rev. B (2017); [4] K. J. Zhou et al, Nat. Comm., 4, 1470 (2013)
232. Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"A solitonic approach to neutron stars: The (BPS) Skyrme model"
Presented by Carlos Naya, Durham
Friday, March 24, 2017, 2 pm
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Heikki Mantysaari
The Skyrme model is a low energy effective field theory of strong interactions where nuclei and baryons appear as collective excitations of pionic degrees of freedom. Proposed by Tony Skyrme in the sixties, his ideas received further support when it was discovered that in the limit of the large number of colours of QCD, an effective theory of mesons arises. In the last years, there has been a revival of Skyrme's ideas and new related models, some of them with BPS bounds (topological lower energy bounds), have been proposed. It is the aim of this talk to focus on the one known as BPS Skyrme model. After a brief introduction to this BPS limit we study its application to neutron stars where we will find that high maximal masses are supported. In addition, the BPS Skyrme model allow us to perform both mean-field and exact calculations and a comparison between both approaches will be presented.
233. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Shining a light on high-Tc superconductivity"
Presented by Peter Johnson, BNL
Friday, March 24, 2017, 1:30 pm
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Igor Zaliznyak
TBD
234. HET Lunch Discussions
"Baryogenesis and Dark Matter in the exo-Higgs scenario"
Presented by Pier Paolo Giardino, BNL
Friday, March 24, 2017, 12:15 pm
Building 510, Room 2-160
Hosted by: Christoph Lehner
235. Particle Physics Seminar
"Neutrino Interactions with Nuclei and Long-Baseline Experiments"
Presented by Professor Ulrich Mosel, Giessen University
Friday, March 24, 2017, 10 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Xin Qian
The extraction of neutrino mixing parameters and the CP-violating phase requires knowledge of the neutrino energy. This energy must be reconstructed from the final state of a neutrino-nucleus reaction since all long-baseline experiments use nuclear targets. This reconstruction requires detailed knowledge of the neutrino reactions with bound nucleons and of the final state interactions of hadrons with the nuclear environment. Quantum-kinetic transport theory can be used to build an event generator for this reconstruction that takes basic nuclear properties, such as binding, into account. Some examples are discussed that show the effects of nuclear interactions on observables in long-baseline experiments.
236. Condensed-Matter Physics & Materials Science Seminar
"Nematic quantum paramagnet and possible application to FeSe"
Presented by Fa Wang, International Center for Quantum Materials Peking University, China
Thursday, March 23, 2017, 11 am
Bldg. 734, ISB Conference Room 201 (upstairs)
Hosted by: Weiguo Yin
The nematic phases in iron pnictides are in close proximity to the stripe antiferromagnetic order, suggesting that magnetism is the driving force for the spontaneous 4-fold crystal rotation symmetry breaking. In contrast, bulk FeSe shows a nematic phase below 90K at ambient pressure, but has no magnetic long range order down to very low temperature. This prompts suggestions that the nematicity in FeSe is driven by some other mechanism. We argue that magnetic correlation can still drive nematic order in the absence of magnetic long-range order. By field theoretical considerations and exact diagonalization results on finite size lattices, we conclude that the paramagnetic phase in frustrated spin-1 J_1-J_2 model on square lattice is likely a "nematic quantum paramagnet", which breaks only the crystal 4-fold rotation symmetry. The prototype wavefunctions of such quantum ground states are horizontal(vertical) aligned spin-1 AKLT chains. We suggest that the local spins in FeSe may form this phase due to strong frustration. One unique consequence of this proposal is that the nematic paramagnetic phase will be close to both stripe and Neel antiferromagnetic order, and will thus host low but finite energy spin fluctuations at both ordering wavevectors. Reference: Fa Wang, S. A. Kivelson, and Dung-Hai Lee, Nat. Phys. 11, 959 (2015)
237. Particle Physics Seminar
"Heavy bosons: a probe into the unknown"
Presented by Viviana Cavaliere, University of Illinois Champaign/Urbana
Wednesday, March 22, 2017, 11 am
Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Hosted by: Michael Begel
The large amount of high-energy proton-proton collision data at the LHC provides an unprecedented opportunity to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model at the TeV scale. The 2012 discovery of a 125 GeV Higgs boson opened a new door to understanding the universe, providing an exciting new tool to use in these searches, given it is now produced about once per second at the current collision rate. The talk will review recent ATLAS searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, focusing on the central role of processes with heavy bosons, including the Higgs, and the corresponding new possible signatures that range from spectacular new resonances to subtle changes in kinematic distributions.
Currently showing events from the past year. See all past events » | 2018-03-20T04:10:24 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5203343629837036, "perplexity": 3163.3447441677313}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647280.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320033158-20180320053158-00408.warc.gz"} |
http://home.fnal.gov/~mrenna/lu_update/lutp0613man2/node76.html | Next: Resonance production Up: Cross-section Calculations Previous: Cross-section Calculations Contents
### The simple two-body processes
In the spirit of section , we want to select simple functions such that the true , and dependence of the cross sections is approximately modelled. In particular, (almost) all conceivable kinematical peaks should be represented by separate terms in the approximate formulae. If this can be achieved, the ratio of the correct to the approximate cross sections will not fluctuate too much, but allow reasonable Monte Carlo efficiency.
Therefore the variables are generated according to the distributions , and , where normally
(95) (96) (97)
Here each term is separately integrable, with an invertible primitive function, such that generation of , and separately is a standard task, as described in section . In the following we describe the details of the scheme, including the meaning of the coefficients and , which are separate for , and .
The first variable to be selected is . The range of allowed values, , is generally constrained by a number of user-defined requirements. A cut on the allowed mass range is directly reflected in , a cut on the range indirectly. The first two terms of are intended to represent a smooth dependence, as generally obtained in processes which do not receive contributions from -channel resonances. Also -channel exchange of essentially massless particles (, , light quarks and leptons) are accounted for, since these do not produce any separate peaks at non-vanishing . The last four terms of are there to catch the peaks in the cross section from resonance production. These terms are only included when needed. Each resonance is represented by two pieces, a first to cover the interference with graphs which peak at , plus the variation of parton distributions, and a second to approximate the Breit-Wigner shape of the resonance itself. The subscripts and denote values pertaining to the two resonances, with . Currently there is only one process where the full structure with two resonances is used, namely . Otherwise either one or no resonance peak is taken into account.
The kinematically allowed range of values is constrained by , , and you may impose additional cuts. Therefore the allowed range is only constructed after has been selected. The first two terms of give a fairly flat dependence -- for processes which are symmetric in , they will add to give a completely flat spectrum between the allowed limits. In principle, the natural subdivision would have been one term flat in and one forward-backward asymmetric, i.e. proportional to . The latter is disallowed by the requirement of positivity, however. The and terms actually used give the same amount of freedom, but respect positivity. The third term is peaked at around , and represents the bias of parton distributions towards this region.
The allowed range is naïvely . However, most cross sections are divergent for , so some kind of regularization is necessary. Normally one requires , which translates into for massless outgoing particles. Since again the limits depend on , the selection of is done after that of . Additional requirements may constrain the range further. In particular, a constraint may split the allowed range into two, i.e. or . An un-split range is represented by . For massless outgoing particles the parameter in , such that the five terms represent a piece flat in angle and pieces peaked as , , , and , respectively. For non-vanishing masses one has . In this case, the full range is therefore available -- physically, the standard and singularities are regularized by the masses and .
For each of the terms, the coefficients represent the integral over the quantity multiplying the coefficient ; thus, for instance:
(98)
The coefficients are normalized to unit sum for , and separately. They have a simple interpretation, as the probability for each of the terms to be used in the preliminary selection of , and , respectively. The variation of the cross section over the allowed phase space is explored in the initialization procedure of a PYTHIA run, and based on this knowledge the are optimized so as to give functions , and that closely follow the general behaviour of the true cross section. For instance, the coefficient in is to be made larger the more the total cross section is dominated by the region around the resonance mass.
The phase-space points tested at initialization are put on a grid, with the number of points in each dimension given by the number of terms in the respective expression, and with the position of each point given by the median value of the distribution of one of the terms. For instance, the distribution gives a median point at , and has the median . Since the allowed and ranges depend on the value selected, then so do the median points defined for these two variables.
With only a limited set of phase-space points studied at the initialization, the `optimal' set of coefficients is not uniquely defined. To be on the safe side, 40% of the total weight is therefore assigned evenly between all allowed , whereas the remaining 60% are assigned according to the relative importance surmised, under the constraint that no coefficient is allowed to receive a negative contribution from this second piece.
After a preliminary choice has been made of , and , it is necessary to find the weight of the event, which is to be used to determine whether to keep it or generate another one. Using the relation , eq. () may be rewritten as
(99)
In the middle line, a factor of has been introduced to rewrite the integral in terms of a phase space of unit volume: according to the relations above. Correspondingly for the and integrals. In addition, factors of and are used to isolate the dimensionless cross section . The content of the last line is that, with , and selected according to the expressions , and , respectively, the cross section is obtained as the average of the final expression over all events. Since the 's have been picked to give unit volume, there is no need to multiply by the total phase-space volume.
As can be seen, the cross section for a given Monte Carlo event is given as the product of four factors, as follows:
58.
The factor, which is common to all events, gives the overall dimensions of the cross section, in GeV. Since the final cross section is given in units of mb, the conversion factor of 1 GeV mb is also included here.
59.
Next comes the Jacobian, which compensates for the change from the original to the final phase-space volume.
60.
The parton-distribution function weight is obtained by making use of the parton distribution libraries in PYTHIA or externally. The and values are obtained from and via the relations .
61.
Finally, the dimensionless cross section is the quantity that has to be coded for each process separately, and where the physics content is found.
Of course, the expression in the last line is not strictly necessary to obtain the cross section by Monte Carlo integration. One could also have used eq. () directly, selecting phase-space points evenly in , and , and averaging over those Monte Carlo weights. Clearly this would be much simpler, but the price to be paid is that the weights of individual events could fluctuate wildly. For instance, if the cross section contains a narrow resonance, the few phase-space points that are generated in the resonance region obtain large weights, while the rest do not. With our procedure, a resonance would be included in the factor, so that more events would be generated at around the appropriate value (owing to the numerator in the phase-space expression), but with these events assigned a lower, more normal weight (owing to the factor in the weight expression). Since the weights fluctuate less, fewer phase-space points need be selected to get a reasonable cross-section estimate.
In the program, the cross section is obtained as the average over all phase-space points generated. The events actually handed on to you should have unit weight, however (an option with weighted events exists, but does not represent the mainstream usage). At initialization, after the coefficients have been determined, a search inside the allowed phase-space volume is therefore made to find the maximum of the weight expression in the last line of eq. (). In the subsequent generation of events, a selected phase-space point is then retained with a probability equal to the weight in the point divided by the maximum weight. Only the retained phase-space points are considered further, and generated as complete events.
The search for the maximum is begun by evaluating the weight in the same grid of points as used to determine the coefficients. The point with highest weight is used as starting point for a search towards the maximum. In unfortunate cases, the convergence could be towards a local maximum which is not the global one. To somewhat reduce this risk, also the grid point with second-highest weight is used for another search. After initialization, when events are generated, a warning message will be given by default at any time a phase-space point is selected where the weight is larger than the maximum, and thereafter the maximum weight is adjusted to reflect the new knowledge. This means that events generated before this time have a somewhat erroneous distribution in phase space, but if the maximum violation is rather modest the effects should be negligible. The estimation of the cross section is not affected by any of these considerations, since the maximum weight does not enter into eq. ().
For processes with identical final-state particles, the symmetrization factor of is explicitly included at the end of the calculation. In the final cross section, a factor of 2 is retrieved because of integration over the full phase space (rather than only half of it). That way, no special provisions are needed in the phase-space integration machinery.
Next: Resonance production Up: Cross-section Calculations Previous: Cross-section Calculations Contents
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https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10092336-work-progress-applying-transition-theory-exploration-high-school-college-transition-experiences-students-from-underrepresented-ethnic-racial-groups | Work in Progress: Applying Transition Theory to an Exploration of the High-School-to-College Transition Experiences of Students from Underrepresented Ethnic/Racial Groups
Student support programs within colleges of engineering often aim to assist students during their transition from high school to college. While studies of this transition can characterize experiences that could support the design of these support programs, research commonly focuses on the broader student population, where engineering students are often the minority. To further improve student support programs in engineering, particularly those designed for students from traditionally underrepresented populations, additional research is needed to understand the transitional experiences of first-year engineering students. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of a theoretical framework from adult development (i.e., Schlossberg’s Transition Theory) to examine the high school-to-college transition of engineering students from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups. In the work-in-progress paper, we describe the theoretical constructs that appear most applicable in this context as we begin coding data from a series of three interviews with each participant. Our results will advance the engineering education community’s understanding of the applicability of Transition Theory for examining the transitions of students into engineering and inform future work.
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10092336
Journal Name:
Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity (CoNECD) Conference
3. Recognizing current and future needs for a diverse skilled workforce in mechanical engineering and the rising cost of higher education that acts as a barrier for many talented students with interests in engineering, the NSF funded S-STEM project at a state university focuses resources and research on financial support coupled with curricular and co-curricular activities designed to facilitate student degree attainment, career development, and employability in STEM-related jobs. This program has provided enhanced educational opportunities to more than 90 economically disadvantaged and academically talented undergraduate students in the Mechanical Engineering Department in the past eight years. It is expected that approximately 45 academically talented and financially needy students, including students transferring from community colleges to four-year engineering programs will receive scholarship support in the next 5 years, with an average amount of $6,000 per year for up to four years to earn degrees in mechanical engineering at the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). Through scholarships and supplemental support services, this program promotes full-time enrollment and will elevate the scholastic achievement of the S-STEM scholars, with a special emphasis on females and/or underrepresented minorities. It will provide a holistic and novel educational experience combining science, engineering, technology and medicine tomore » 4. Recognizing current and future needs for a diverse skilled workforce in mechanical engineering and the rising cost of higher education that acts as a barrier for many talented students with interests in engineering, the NSF funded S-STEM project at a state university focuses resources and research on financial support coupled with curricular and co-curricular activities designed to facilitate student degree attainment, career development, and employability in STEM-related jobs. This program has provided enhanced educational opportunities to more than 90 economically disadvantaged and academically talented undergraduate students in the Mechanical Engineering Department in the past eight years. It is expected that approximately 45 academically talented and financially needy students, including students transferring from community colleges to four-year engineering programs will receive scholarship support in the next 5 years, with an average amount of$6,000 per year for up to four years to earn degrees in mechanical engineering at the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). Through scholarships and supplemental support services, this program promotes full-time enrollment and will elevate the scholastic achievement of the S-STEM scholars, with a special emphasis on females and/or underrepresented minorities. It will provide a holistic and novel educational experience combining science, engineering, technology and medicine tomore » | 2022-12-06T18:44:23 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.20001904666423798, "perplexity": 3108.494749512242}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711111.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206161009-20221206191009-00470.warc.gz"} |
https://www.bnl.gov/physics/ | • Brookhaven physicists are using detectors at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider to explore how the matter that makes up atomic nuclei behaved just after the Big Bang.
• Brookhaven physicists and engineers are collaborators in the ATLAS experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider.
• LBNE and the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiments seek to understand the subtle oscillations of neutrinos, ghost-like particles formed in the heart of stars
• In the LSST and BOSS experiments, Brookhaven physicists seek to measure and constrain the properties of dark matter, dark energy and the standard cosmological model.
### Nuclear Physics
#### PHENIX
Responsibile for the operation and physics exploitation of the PHENIX experiment at RHIC.
#### STAR
Responsibile for the operation and physics exploitation of the STAR experiment at RHIC.
#### RHIC Spin
Leads, supports, and provides for the common requirements of the RHIC spin program, particularly for polarimetry.
#### RIKEN BNL Research Center
Conducts quantum chromodynamics and proton spin structure research.
#### Nuclear Theory
The nuclear theory group conducts research in all areas of QCD, including structure of hadrons and nuclei at high energies, the QCD phase diagram and the properties of quark-gluon matter.
#### RHIC Computing Facility
Provides computing services for experiments at RHIC, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope project.
### High-Energy Physics
#### Cosmology & Astrophysics
Solving problems in observational cosmology: how to measure and constrain properties of dark matter, dark energy and the standard cosmological model.
#### Electronic Detector
Studies very rare processes at the Intensity Frontier.
#### Omega
Group members are collaborators on the LHC ATLAS experiment.
#### Physics Application
Develops physics applications software for the LHC ATLAS experiment.
#### High-Energy Theory
Focuses on providing theoretical foundation for the search for physics beyond the standard model, including lattice QCD calculations of key quantities required for this quest.
#### ATLAS Computing Facility
Provides computing services for U.S. ATLAS.
### High-Energy Physics
#### Baryonic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
BOSS studies dark energy—the force thought to be responsible for the universe’s accelerating expansion.
#### Dark Energy Survey
Seeks to probe the origin of the accelerating universe and uncover the nature of dark energy by measuring the 14-billion-year history of cosmic expansion.
#### Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
A 3.2 gigapixel camera mounted in a ground-based telescope designed to produce the widest, densest, and most complete images of our universe ever captured.
#### Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
An international collaboration working to precisely measure neutrino oscillations.
#### ATLAS
An experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider designed to detect particles created by proton-proton collisions.
#### Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment
An international collaboration studying the subtle transformations of neutrinos.
#### MicroBooNE
Measures low energy neutrino cross sections and investigates low energy excess events observed by the MiniBooNE experiment.
#### Muon g-2
A high precision measurement of the muon's g-2 value. A deviation between theory and observed value will suggest the existence of new particles.
#### Mu2e
Experiment which directly probes the Intensity Frontier and aids research on the Energy and Cosmic frontiers with precision measurements to characterize properties of new particles.
### Nuclear Physics
#### PHENIX
An experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider designed to explore quark gluon plasma.
#### STAR
An experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider designed to explore quark gluon plasma.
#### Electron Ion Collider (Future)
Plans for the world's first electron-nucleus collider, also known as eRHIC, call for the addition of a 5 to 10 GeV electron ring inside the RHIC tunnel.
The Physics Department is part of Brookhaven's Nuclear & Particle Physics Directorate.
### Seminars & Colloquia
1. FEB
27
Tuesday
Physics Colloquium
"The Multi-Messenger Picture of a Neutron Star Merger"
Presented by Brian Metzger, Columbia University
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, February 27, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Peter Petreczky
On August 17 the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave observatories detected the first binary neutron star merger event (GW170817), a discovery followed by the most ambitious electromagnetic (EM) follow-up campaign ever conducted. A gamma-ray burst (GRB) of short duration and very low luminosity was discovered by the Fermi and INTEGRAL satellites within 2 seconds of the merger. Within 11 hours, a bright but rapidly-fading thermal optical counterpart was discovered in the galaxy NGC 4993 at a distance of only 40 Mpc. The properties of the optical transient match remarkably well predictions for kilonova emission powered by the radioactive decay of heavy nuclei synthesized in the expanding merger ejecta by the r-process. The rapid spectral evolution of the kilonova emission to near-infrared wavelengths demonstrates that a portion of the ejecta contains heavy lanthanide nuclei. Two weeks after the merger, rising non-thermal X-ray and radio emission were detected from the position of the optical transient, consistent with delayed synchrotron afterglow radiation from an initially off-axis relativistic jet with the properties consistent with those of (on-axis) cosmological short GRB. I will describe a unified scenario for the range of EM counterparts from GW170817 and their implications for the astrophysical origin of the r-process and the properties of neutron stars. I will preview the upcoming era of multi-messenger astronomy, once Advanced LIGO/Virgo reach design sensitivity and a neutron star merger is detected every few weeks.
2. MAR
6
Tuesday
Physics Colloquium
"Quantum simulation of gauge theories in optical lattices"
Presented by Alexei Bazavov, Michigan State University
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, March 6, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Andrei Nomerotski
hile non-perturbative approaches such as lattice gauge theory led to significant advances in understanding the physics of strong interactions, many problems remain out of reach for classical computation, in particular, real-time dynamics or properties of QCD at finite baryon density that are being explored in heavy-ion collision experiments. Recent advances in the technology of engineering custom interactions for ultra-cold atomic gases in optical lattices opened a possibility for quantum simulations as was envisioned by R. Feynman in the 1980s. The main idea is that the degrees of freedom of the original system are mapped onto a quantum Hamiltonian whose dynamics can be realized in a laboratory. Many condensed matter Hamiltonians, such as Bose-Hubbard model, have been recently studied in this way. Quantum simulation of gauge theories is however challenging since the gauge symmetry is not naturally present in the ultra-cold atomic systems. I will review the current status of theoretical proposals for quantum simulation of field theories and then focus on our recent work on an explicitly gauge-invariant formulation of the Abelian-Higgs model for simulation on optical lattices.
3. APR
3
Tuesday
Physics Colloquium
"Eigenstate thermalization and its implications to statistical mechanics"
Presented by Anatoli Polkovnikov, Boston University
3:30 pm, Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, April 3, 2018, 3:30 pm
Hosted by: Rob Pisarski
In this talk I will overview recent developments in understanding quantum chaos through random matrix theory. I will discuss various conjectures on the nature of quantum stationary states in chaotic systems and show numerical evidence supporting them. It is the random nature of eigenstates, which ultimately leads to loss of information about initial conditions and leads to emergence of statistical mechanics in isolated systems. I will then introduce the so-called Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) ansatz first proposed by J. Deutsch and M. Srednicki in 90th, which gives a unified framework for the structure of physical observable in quantum chaotic systems. I will demonstrate how the ETH ansatz naturally leads to emergence of various thermodynamic relations. At the end of the talk I will mention some open problems.
1. MAR
2
Friday
Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"Quark / Antiquark Correlations in Heavy-Light Ion Collisions"
Presented by Matt Sievert, LANL
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Friday, March 2, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Chun Shen
It has long been known that sub-nucleonic fluctuations of the energy density in the initial stages of heavy ion collisions play an important role in generating the observed distributions of particles and their flow. These energy density fluctuations are dominated by the radiation of small-x gluons which are populated to classically large occupation numbers in the wave functions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions. While these soft gluons dominate the initial conditions for the energy density, it is quark production which determines the initial conditions of other conserved charges, like flavor and baryon number. With the recent development of state-of-the art hydrodynamics codes tailored to the Beam Energy Scan which can propagate these conserved charges into the final state, it is timely and important to calculate the initial conditions of these conserved charges from first principles in QCD. In this talk, I will present new results for the spatial correlations among quarks and antiquarks produced at mid-rapidity by pair production from small-x gluons. This single-pair production mechanism, which has been studied for some time in momentum space, is the leading contribution to these correlations in coordinate space for dilute-dense collisions. As one moves from the dilute-dense regime toward the dense-dense regime, correlations due to double pair production become more important, and these correlations persist over larger length scales than the single-pair production mechanism. Over nonperturbative length scales, only the correlations from the overlap geometry remain. I will present explicit results for quark-antiquark correlations due to single pair production, and I will outline some preliminary results for the various double-pair production mechanisms. The ultimate goal of this work will be to construct a code which can initialize these conserved charges over all length scales in heavy-ion collisions.
2. MAR
9
Friday
Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Anna Stasto, Penn State
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Friday, March 9, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Chun Shen
3. MAR
20
Tuesday
Nuclear Physics Seminar
"Probing the collectivity of heavy quarks in pPb collisions with prompt D0 elliptic flow using CMS detector"
Presented by Zhenyu Chen, Rice University
11 am, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Tuesday, March 20, 2018, 11:00 am
Hosted by: Lijuan Ruan
Recent years, evidence for collective effects has been revealed in pp and pPb collisions when looking at events releasing large number of particles. The experimental observations lead to a debate of the formation of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma in those small collision systems. Azimuthal anisotropy coefficient (vn) of heavy-flavor particles, and especially the comparison to light flavor particles vn, can shed light on the strength of the coupling between heavy flavor quarks and the hypothesized hydrodynamic medium at a significantly reduces size, and impose further constrains on different interpretations related to the origin of the observed collectivity. In this talk, the most recent results of prompt D0 meson elliptic flow (v2) in high-multiplicity pPb collisions are presented over a wide transverse momentum range. The results are compared to those of strange hadrons, including Kshort, Lambda, Cascade and Omega particles.
4. APR
6
Friday
Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Andreas Schmitt, University of Southampton
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Friday, April 6, 2018, 2:00 pm
Hosted by: Chun Shen
5. MAY
25
Friday
Nuclear Theory/RIKEN Seminar
"TBA"
Presented by Stanley Brodsky, Standford Univeristy
2 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Friday, May 25, 2018, 2:00 pm
1. MAR
6
Tuesday
Instrumentation Division Seminar
"Table-top MeV laser particle accelerator @ kHz repetition rate"
Presented by Enam Chowdhury, Department of Physics, Ohio State University
2:30 pm, Large Conference Room, Bldg. 535
Tuesday, March 6, 2018, 2:30 pm
At the Extreme Light Lab at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, we explore light matter interaction at relativistic fields with liquid targets. Although demonstrations of up to 4 GeV1 electrons and ~100 MeV protons2 have been achieved in the past, all of these are not feasible as future accelerators, due to their slow duty cycle (usually single shot, rarely 1 Hz). There are many challenges to increasing the duty cycle, where laser technology, target technology, damage to system, target alignment, high repetition rate sub-micron plasma diagnostics provides nearly insurmountable obstacles. In this program, we developed ways to accelerate MeV x-rays, electrons3 and ions4 at kHz repetition rate with a small milli-joule class laser system, by developing a combination of suitable laser system, diagnostic system, target system and experimental data collection system capable of handling the high duty cycle. We also perform femtosecond-time resolution pump-probe imaging of the interaction, and extensive large scale relativistic laser plasma interaction simulations5 that reveal the nature of the acceleration processes. Such a system opens the door to extensive future application as a source for materials processing, radiation hardness testing, medical isotope production, time resolved proton probing on relativistic interactions, and many others.
2. MAR
8
Thursday
Particle Physics Seminar
"New neutrino oscillation results from NOvA"
Presented by Jeremy Wolcott, Tufts University
3 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Thursday, March 8, 2018, 3:00 pm
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
The NOvA experiment is an off-axis long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using the NuMI $\nu_{\mu}$ beam originating at Fermilab. By examining the disappearance of muon neutrinos and the appearance of electron neutrinos between the near detector at Fermilab and the far detector in Ash River, MN, NOvA has the potential to help answer a number of fundamental questions: Are the neutrinos' masses ordered the same way as those of the charged leptons? Do leptons experience charge-parity violation? Are there underlying symmetries in the way the neutrino states mix with one another? In this talk I will present NOvA's most recent constraints on the answers to those questions utilizing muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance. These updated results are based on a 50% increase in exposure relative to previous results as well as numerous simulation and analysis improvements.
3. MAR
15
Thursday
Particle Physics Seminar
"Precision Measurements of Asymmetries and Spectra in Neutron Decay"
Presented by Brad Plaster, University of Kentucky
3 pm, Small Seminar Room, Bldg. 510
Thursday, March 15, 2018, 3:00 pm
Hosted by: Chao Zhang
Precision measurements of various asymmetries in neutron decay permit an extraction of the weak axial-vector coupling constant, gA, a fundamental quantity important for weak-interaction physics and as a benchmark for lattice QCD calculations. I will discuss a recent new result from the UCNA Experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory for a 0.16% precision result on gA from a measurement of the 'A' asymmetry, which represents the parity-violating angular correlation between the neutron's spin and the decay electron's momentum. This long-standing effort was carried out with a superconducting solenoidal electron spectrometer at the LANL Ultracold Neutron (UCN) facility. This new result will be placed in the context of historical results for gA and recent discrepant values for the neutron lifetime obtained via different experimental techniques. I will also discuss the first-ever extraction of the Fierz interference term 'b' in free neutron decay from an analysis of the electron's spectral shape as measured in the UCNA Experiment. A non-zero 'b' term would result from beyond-Standard Model interactions, such as Scalar or Tensor physics. Although the result for 'b' from the UCNA Experiment was systematics limited, it points to the requisite significant improvements in the characterization of the detector energy response that future experiments aimed at a measurement of 'b' will need to achieve in order to probe beyond Standard Model physics at a competitive precision.
4. JUL
9
Monday
Office of Educational Programs Event
"High School Research Program Begins"
8 am, Berkner Hall Auditorium
Monday, July 9, 2018, 8:00 am
Hosted by: Aleida Perez | 2018-02-25T09:25:48 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5236923694610596, "perplexity": 3277.1990968386935}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816351.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225090753-20180225110753-00158.warc.gz"} |
http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.16 | §10.16 Relations to Other Functions
Elementary Functions
10.16.1 $\displaystyle\mathop{J_{\frac{1}{2}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=\mathop{Y_{-\frac{1}{2}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=\left(\frac% {2}{\pi z}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\mathop{\sin\/}\nolimits z,$ $\displaystyle\mathop{J_{-\frac{1}{2}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=-\mathop{Y_{\frac{1}{2}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=\left(\frac% {2}{\pi z}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\mathop{\cos\/}\nolimits z,$ Symbols: $\mathop{J_{\NVar{\nu}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\NVar{z}\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathop{Y_{\NVar{\nu}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\NVar{z}\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\mathop{\cos\/}\nolimits\NVar{z}$: cosine function, $\mathop{\sin\/}\nolimits\NVar{z}$: sine function and $z$: complex variable A&S Ref: 10.1.11 and 10.1.12 (modified) Referenced by: §10.15, §10.18(iii), §10.59 Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.16.E1 Encodings: TeX, TeX, pMML, pMML, png, png See also: info for 10.16
10.16.2 $\displaystyle\mathop{{H^{(1)}_{\frac{1}{2}}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=-i\mathop{{H^{(1)}_{-\frac{1}{2}}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=-% i\left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}e^{iz},$ $\displaystyle\mathop{{H^{(2)}_{\frac{1}{2}}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=i\mathop{{H^{(2)}_{-\frac{1}{2}}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=i% \left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}e^{-iz}.$
For these and general results when $\nu$ is half an odd integer see §§10.47(ii) and 10.49(i).
Airy Functions
See §§9.6(i) and 9.6(ii).
Parabolic Cylinder Functions
With the notation of §12.14(i),
10.16.3 $\displaystyle\mathop{J_{\frac{1}{4}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=-2^{-\frac{1}{4}}\pi^{-\frac{1}{2}}z^{-\frac{1}{4}}\left(\mathop% {W\/}\nolimits\!\left(0,2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)-\mathop{W\/}\nolimits\!\left(0% ,-2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right),$ $\displaystyle\mathop{J_{-\frac{1}{4}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=2^{-\frac{1}{4}}\pi^{-\frac{1}{2}}z^{-\frac{1}{4}}\left(\mathop{% W\/}\nolimits\!\left(0,2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)+\mathop{W\/}\nolimits\!\left(0,% -2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right).$
10.16.4 $\displaystyle\mathop{J_{\frac{3}{4}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=-2^{-\frac{1}{4}}\pi^{-\frac{1}{2}}z^{-\frac{3}{4}}\left(\mathop% {W\/}\nolimits'\!\left(0,2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)-\mathop{W\/}\nolimits'\!\left% (0,-2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right),$ $\displaystyle\mathop{J_{-\frac{3}{4}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)$ $\displaystyle=-2^{-\frac{1}{4}}\pi^{-\frac{1}{2}}z^{-\frac{3}{4}}\left(\mathop% {W\/}\nolimits'\!\left(0,2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)+\mathop{W\/}\nolimits'\!\left% (0,-2z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right).$
Principal values on each side of these equations correspond.
Confluent Hypergeometric Functions
10.16.5 $\mathop{J_{\nu}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=\frac{(\tfrac{1}{2}z)^{\nu}e^{\mp iz% }}{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\nu+1\right)}\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left% (\nu+\tfrac{1}{2},2\nu+1,\pm 2iz\right),$
10.16.6 $\rselection{\mathop{{H^{(1)}_{\nu}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)\\ \mathop{{H^{(2)}_{\nu}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)}=\mp 2\pi^{-\frac{1}{2}}ie% ^{\mp\nu\pi i}(2z)^{\nu}\*e^{\pm iz}\mathop{U\/}\nolimits(\nu+\tfrac{1}{2},2% \nu+1,\mp 2iz).$
For the functions $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits$ and $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits$ see §13.2(i).
10.16.7 $\mathop{J_{\nu}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=\frac{e^{\mp(2\nu+1)\pi i/4}}{2^{2% \nu}\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\nu+1\right)}(2z)^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathop{% M\/}\nolimits_{0,\nu}(\pm 2iz),$ $2\nu\neq-1,-2-3,\ldots$,
10.16.8 $\rselection{\mathop{{H^{(1)}_{\nu}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)\\ \mathop{{H^{(2)}_{\nu}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)}=e^{\mp(2\nu+1)\pi i/4}% \left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\mathop{W\/}\nolimits_{0,\nu}(\mp 2% iz).$
For the functions $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits_{0,\nu}$ and $\mathop{W\/}\nolimits_{0,\nu}$ see §13.14(i).
In all cases principal branches correspond at least when $|\mathop{\mathrm{ph}\/}\nolimits z|\leq\tfrac{1}{2}\pi$.
Generalized Hypergeometric Functions
10.16.9 $\mathop{J_{\nu}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=\frac{(\tfrac{1}{2}z)^{\nu}}{% \mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\nu+1\right)}\mathop{{{}_{0}F_{1}}\/}% \nolimits\!\left(-;\nu+1;-\tfrac{1}{4}z^{2}\right).$
For $\mathop{{{}_{0}F_{1}}\/}\nolimits$ see (16.2.1).
With $\mathop{\mathbf{F}\/}\nolimits{}{}$ as in §15.2(i), and with $z$ and $\nu$ fixed,
10.16.10 $\mathop{J_{\nu}\/}\nolimits\!\left(z\right)=(\tfrac{1}{2}z)^{\nu}\lim\mathop{{% {\mathbf{F}}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\lambda,\mu;\nu+1;-z^{2}/(4\lambda\mu)\right),$
as $\lambda$ and $\mu\to\infty$ in $\Complex$. For this result see Watson (1944, §5.7). | 2016-09-29T22:07:02 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 88, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9458795785903931, "perplexity": 4728.949747159113}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661953.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00061-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort/science/irrigation-improvement-yield-optimization-australia?qt-science_center_objects=2 | # Irrigation Improvement for Yield Optimization, Australia
## Science Center Objects
Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) produces the highest value and largest volume of irrigated products, including rice, cotton, dairy, horticulture, and viticulture, in Australia. The MDB represents over 60 percent of all irrigated agricultural area in Australia. In the 2010–11 production years, MDB had nearly 3 million acres (1.2 million hectares) of irrigated land. This large agricultural industry is responsible for 95 percent of all diversions of the Basin’s water resources and represents 75 percent of all water used for irrigation in Australia and over half of all water use in Australia.
Authors: Larisa Serbina and Holly Miller
Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) produces the highest value and largest volume of irrigated products, including rice, cotton, dairy, horticulture, and viticulture, in Australia (Australian Natural Resource Atlas [ANRA], 2010). The MDB represents over 60 percent of all irrigated agricultural area in Australia. In the 2010–11 production years, MDB had nearly 3 million acres (1.2 million hectares) of irrigated land. This large agricultural industry is responsible for 95 percent of all diversions of the Basin’s water resources and represents 75 percent of all water used for irrigation in Australia and over half of all water use in Australia. The ANRA (2010) reports the estimated value of irrigated agricultural output to be between $3 and$4 billion per year.
False color composite Landsat image and evapotranspiration map of the Shepparton Irrigation District, Victoria, Australia. Courtesy of the Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries.
Measuring and monitoring consumptive water use is an important task in a region where water is responsible for the economic prosperity of a large agricultural industry and the food supply of millions of people. Irrigation regions of varying size within the MDB, including the Shepparton Irrigation Region, Sunraysia Irrigation Region, Loxton in South Australia, Griffith in New South Wales, and Narrabri in New South Wales, as well as the McAlister Irrigation District in the Gippsland region of Victoria, have been surveyed using Landsat imagery. Land-use mapping is used to extract information relating to specific crops and vegetation, such as almonds, citrus, grape, irrigated pasture, and native riparian vegetation. The surveying primarily occurs on private lands, although some riparian vegetation on public lands is also included. Four to seven Landsat scenes are processed in a slightly modified version of METRIC to estimate seasonal consumptive use. Multiple passes are used where possible to improve image quality, which may be inhibited by cloud cover. Evapotranspiration information derived from Landsat data (fig. 1) is used to create water budgets for different agricultural areas and enterprises based on crop coefficients and regional characteristics such as soil and water quality. Crop- and region-specific water budgets allow for the most efficient delivery and timing of water application. Landsat-derived water budgets are expected to be applied to private and public operations over the coming years. Economic and financial benefits will be accrued post implementation. Since precision in irrigation improves crop productivity per unit of water used (O’Connell, 2011), an increase in financial return from a unit of water is expected. Optimization of irrigation and, as a result, production conditions will help growers and local industry.
This work is possible due to several unique characteristics of Landsat. The Landsat program offers continuity and no-cost imagery. The continuous archive of Landsat data enables evapotranspiration to be calculated retrospectively. This is important for basin-wide accounting of water. The availability of imagery at no cost increases the number of images that can be used and the scope of the work undertaken. Additionally, in order to derive evapotranspiration, both NDVI and land-surface temperatures are required. Consequently, the availability of a thermal band on Landsat makes it an ideal data set to use. The need for the thermal band also limits the availability of alternative sources of imagery. Where Landsat data is not available, the alternatives include MODIS and ASTER imagery. However, MODIS imagery has a spatial resolution too coarse for the purposes of measuring consumptive use. Imagery from ASTER is available on demand and costs \$1,444 per scene, limiting the number of images an agency can acquire. Therefore, without Landsat, the work currently being completed in Australia would not be possible (Des Whitfield, Mohammad Abuzar, Kathryn Sheffield, Mark O’Connell and Andy McAllister, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, oral commun. and written commun., 2013).
References:
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013, Water and the Murray-Darling Basin—A statistical profile, 2000–01 to 2005–06: Australian Bureau of Statistics, accessed July 20, 2013, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4610.0.55.007.
Australian Natural Resource Atlas, 2010: Australian Natural Resource Atlas, accessed on May 16, 2013 at http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/irrigation/images/mdb_case/mdb_ag_stats.html.
Dr. M. Abuzar, Senior Research Scientist, Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia.
Andy McAlister, Senior Research Scientist, Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia.
O’Connell, M.G., 2011, Satellite based yield-water use relationships of perennial horticultural crops: Victoria, Australia, The University of Melbourne, Ph.D. Thesis, 164 p.
Mark O’Connell, Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industry, Australia.
Dr. Kathryn Sheffield, Research Scientist, Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia.
Dr. Des Whitfield, Senior Research Scientist, Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia | 2021-10-20T11:32:27 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.18314696848392487, "perplexity": 9086.732392108828}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585305.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020090145-20211020120145-00587.warc.gz"} |
https://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=M011PH&home=MXXX005 | ${{\boldsymbol b}_{{1}}{(1235)}}{\boldsymbol D}{\mathrm -wave}/{\boldsymbol S}{\mathrm -wave}$ AMPLITUDE PHASE DIFFERENCE IN DECAY OF ${{\boldsymbol b}_{{1}}{(1235)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\boldsymbol \omega}}{{\boldsymbol \pi}}$
VALUE ($^\circ{}$) DOCUMENT ID TECN CHG COMMENT
$10.5$ $\pm2.4$ $\pm3.9$
2002
MPS - 18 ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit p}}$
References:
NOZAR 2002
PL B541 35 A Study of the Reaction ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit p}}$ at 18-GeV/$\mathit c$: The D and S Decay Amplitudes for ${{\mathit b}_{{1}}{(1235)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ | 2021-09-20T02:15:48 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9053061604499817, "perplexity": 4351.896808281114}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056974.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20210920010331-20210920040331-00530.warc.gz"} |
https://docs.nersc.gov/programming/performance-debugging-tools/aps/ | # Application Performance Snapshot (APS)¶
## Introduction¶
Application Performance Snapshot (APS) is a lightweight open source profiling tool developed by the Intel VTune developers.
Use Application Performance Snapshot for a quick view into a shared memory or MPI application's use of available hardware (CPU, FPU, and memory). Application Performance Snapshot analyzes your application's time spent in MPI, MPI and OpenMP imbalance, memory access efficiency, FPU usage, and I/O and memory footprint. After analysis, it displays basic performance enhancement opportunities for systems using Intel platforms. Use this tool as a first step in application performance analysis to get a simple snapshot of key optimization areas and learn about profiling tools that specialize in particular aspects of application performance.
Application Performance Snapshot is available as a free product download from the Intel Developer Zone at https://software.intel.com/performance-snapshot and is also available pre-installed as part of Intel Parallel Studio or Intel VTune Amplifier.
## Prerequisites¶
Optional: Use the following software to get an advanced metric set when running Application Performance Snapshot:
• Recommended compilers: Intel C/C++ or Fortran Compiler (other compilers can be used, but information about OpenMP imbalance is only available from the Intel OpenMP library)
• Use Intel MPI library version 2017 or later. Other MPICH-based MPI implementations can be used, but information about MPI imbalance is only available from the Intel MPI library. There is no support for OpenMPI.
Optional: Enable system-wide monitoring to reduce collection overhead and collect memory bandwidth measurements. Use one of these options to enable system-wide monitoring:
Before running the tool, set up your environment appropriately:
Run <install-dir>/apsvars.sh, where <install-dir> is the location where Application Performance Snapshot is installed either as a standalone package or as part of Intel Parallel Studio or Intel VTune Amplifier.
Example:
nersc$/opt/intel/performance_snapshots/apsvars.sh ## Analyzing Shared Memory Applications¶ Run the following command: nersc$ aps <my app> <app parameters>
where <my app> is the location of your application and <app parameters> are your application parameters.
Application Performance Snapshot launches the application and runs the data collection.
After the analysis completes, a report appears in the command window. You can also open an HTML report with the same information in a supported browser. The path to the HTML report is included in the command window.
Analyze the data shown in the report. See the metric descriptions below or hover over a metric in the HTML report for more information.
Determine appropriate next steps based on result analysis. Common next steps may include application tuning or using another performance analysis tool for more detailed information, such as Intel VTune Amplifier or Intel Advisor.
## Analyzing MPI Applications¶
Run the following command to collect data about your MPI application:
nersc$<mpi launcher> <mpi parameters>aps <my app> <app parameters> where: • <mpi launcher> is an MPI job launcher such as mpirun, srun, or aprun • <mpi parameters> are the MPI launcher parameters • <my app> is the location of your application • <app parameters> are your application parameters Note aps must be the last <mpi launcher> parameter. Application Performance Snapshot launches the application and runs the data collection. After the analysis completes, an aps_result_<date> directory is created. To complete the analysis, run: nersc$ aps --report=aps_result_<date>
After the analysis completes, a report appears in the command window. You can also open a HTML report with the same information in a supported browser.
Analyze the data shown in the report. See the metric descriptions below or hover over a metric in the HTML report for more information.
Tip
If your application is MPI-bound, run the following command to get more details about message passing such as message sizes, data transfers between ranks or nodes, and time in collective operations:
nersc\$ aps-reports <option> app_result_<date>
Use aps-reports --help to see the available options.
Determine appropriate next steps based on result analysis. Common next steps may include communication tuning with the mpitune utility or using another performance analysis tool for more detailed information, such as Intel Trace Analyzer and Collector or Intel VTune Amplifier.
## Next Steps¶
• Intel Trace Analyzer and Collector is a graphical tool for understanding MPI application behavior, quickly identifying bottlenecks, improving correctness, and achieving high performance for parallel cluster applications running on Intel architecture. Improve weak and strong scaling for applications. Get started.
• Intel VTune Amplifier provides a deep insight into node-level performance including algorithmic hotspot analysis, OpenMP threading, general exploration microarchitecture analysis, memory access efficiency, and more. It supports C/C++, Fortran, Java, Python, and profiling in containers. Get started.
• Intel Advisor provides two tools to help ensure your Fortran, C, and C++ applications realize full performance potential on modern processors. Get started.
• Vectorization Advisor is an optimization tool to identify loops that will benefit most from vectorization, analyze what is blocking effective vectorization, and forecast the benefit of alternative data reorganizations
• Threading Advisor is a threading design and prototyping tool to analyze, design, tune, and check threading design options without disrupting a regular environment
## Quick Metrics Reference¶
The following metrics are collected with Application Performance Snapshot. Additional detail about each of these metrics is available in the Intel VTune Amplifier online help.
Elapsed Time: Execution time of specified application in seconds.
SP GFLOPS: Number of single precision giga-floating point operations calculated per second. All double operations are converted to two single operations. SP GFLOPS metrics are only available for 3rd Generation Intel Core processors, 5th Generation Intel processors, and 6th Generation Intel processors.
Cycles per Instruction Retired (CPI): The amount of time each executed instruction took measured by cycles. A CPI of 1 is considered acceptable for high performance computing (HPC) applications, but different application domains will have varied expected values. The CPI value tends to be greater when there is long-latency memory, floating-point, or SIMD operations, non-retired instructions due to branch mispredictions, or instruction starvation at the front end.
MPI Time: Average time per process spent in MPI calls. This metric does not include the time spent in MPI_Finalize. High values could be caused by high wait times inside the library, active communications, or sub-optimal settings of the MPI library. The metric is available for MPICH-based MPIs.
MPI Imbalance: CPU time spent by ranks spinning in waits on communication operations. A high value can be caused by application workload imbalance between ranks, or non-optimal communication schema or MPI library settings. This metric is available only for Intel MPI Library version 2017 and later.
OpenMP Imbalance: Percentage of elapsed time that your application wastes at OpenMP synchronization barriers because of load imbalance. This metric is only available for the Intel OpenMP Runtime Library.
CPU Utilization: Estimate of the utilization of all logical CPU cores on the system by your application. Use this metric to help evaluate the parallel efficiency of your application. A utilization of 100% means that your application keeps all of the logical CPU cores busy for the entire time that it runs. Note that the metric does not distinguish between useful application work and the time that is spent in parallel runtimes.
Memory Stalls: Indicates how memory subsystem issues affect application performance. This metric measures a fraction of slots where pipeline could be stalled due to demand load or store instructions. If the metric value is high, review the Cache and DRAM Stalls and the percent of remote accesses metrics to understand the nature of memory-related performance bottlenecks. If the average memory bandwidth numbers are close to the system bandwidth limit, optimization techniques for memory bound applications may be required to avoid memory stalls.
FPU Utilization: The effective FPU usage while the application was running. Use the FPU Utilization value to evaluate the vector efficiency of your application. The value is calculated by estimating the percentage of operations that are performed by the FPU. A value of 100% means that the FPU is fully loaded. Any value over 50% requires additional analysis. FPU metrics are only available for 3rd Generation Intel Core processors, 5th Generation Intel processors, and 6th Generation Intel processors.
I/O Operations: The time spent by the application while reading data from the disk or writing data to the disk. Read and Write values denote mean and maximum amounts of data read and written during the elapsed time. This metric is only available for MPI applications.
Memory Footprint: Average per-rank and per-node consumption of both virtual and resident memory. | 2019-08-22T00:07:57 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.3904903829097748, "perplexity": 4326.580941987497}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027316555.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822000659-20190822022659-00264.warc.gz"} |
https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/national-climate-change-viewer-data-used-evaluation-comparing-statistical-downscaling | # National Climate Change Viewer data used in an evaluation comparing statistical downscaling methods and data sets
Release Date:
A comprehensive evaluation comparing hydroclimate projections derived from six statistically downscaled data sets, including data underpinning the National Climate Change Viewer (NCCV) was recently published.
USGS scientists with the Land Change Science Program have published a comprehensive evaluation comparing the hydroclimate projections derived from six statistically downscaled data sets, which includes the data set underpinning the USGS National Climate Change Viewer (NCCV). They use the monthly water balance model from the NCCV to quantify and decompose uncertainties associated with 14 general circulation models (GCMs) and statistical techniques in projections for four snow‐dominated regions in the western United States. The end‐of‐century projections from GCMs exhibit substantial variation in change over the regions (temperature range of 2.8–8.0 °C and precipitation range of −22–31%). The six downscaled data sets exhibit disparate high‐resolution representations of the magnitude and spatial patterns of future temperature (up to 2.2 °C) and precipitation (up to 30%) for a common GCM. Two data sets derived by the same downscaling method (Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs) produce median losses of snow water equivalent over the Upper Colorado of 51% and 81%. The principal causes of the differences among the downscaled projections are related to the gridded observations used to bias correct the historical GCM output. Specifically,
1. Whether a fixed atmospheric lapse rate (−6.5 °C/km) or a spatially and temporally varying lapse rate is used to extrapolate lower elevation observations to high‐elevations and
2. Whether high‐elevation station data (e.g., SNOTEL) are included in the observations.
The GCM projections are the largest source of uncertainty in the monthly water balance model simulations; however, the differences among seasonal projections produced by downscaled data sets in some regions highlight the need for careful evaluation of the statistically downscaled data in climate impact studies.
Their study can be found at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023458
The supporting data release is at: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9EB1C
The statistically downscaled datasets are as follows:
• BCCA: Bias Corrected Constructed Analogs (Reclamation, 2013)
• BCSD-C: Bias Corrected Spatial Disaggregation (Reclamation, 2013)
• BCSD-F: Bias Corrected Spatial Disaggregation (Thrasher et al., 2013) [Data set in the NCCV]
• LOCA: Localized Constructed Analogs (Pierce et al., 2014)
• MACA-L: Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012, bias corrected by Livneh et al., 2013)
• MACA-M: Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012, bias corrected by METDATA, Abatzoglou, 2013)
Users interested in the downscaled temperature and precipitation files are referred to the data set home pages:
The GCMs evaluated are the following: bcc-csm1-1, CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, GFDL-ESM2G, GFDL-ESM2M, inmcm4, IPSL-CM5A-LR, IPSL-CM5A-MR, MIROC-ESM, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MIROC5, MRI-CGCM3, NorESM1-M | 2021-03-07T16:39:09 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8355008363723755, "perplexity": 12300.646178998966}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178377821.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210307135518-20210307165518-00387.warc.gz"} |
https://googology.wikia.org/wiki/SpongeBob%27s_Number | 10,954 Pages
SpongeBob's Number is equal to 29,998,559,671,349, which is approximately 30 trillion using the short scale and 30 billion using the long scale. The number appeared in an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants called "Have You Seen This Snail?", where SpongeBob is given a challenge of hitting a paddle ball this many times in a row called "the dirty bubble challenge". The name was coined by Googology Wiki user Cookiefonster.[1] It may be the number of times the paddle ball has to hit the dirty bubble in order to pop him.
Even with a constant 4 hits per second, the challenge would still take a minimum of about 238,050 years.
SpongeBob's Number is a prime number.
## Approximations
Notation Lower bound Upper bound
Scientific notation $$2.999\times10^{13}$$ $$3\times10^{13}$$
Arrow notation $$84\uparrow7$$ $$85\uparrow7$$
Steinhaus-Moser Notation 12[3] 13[3]
Copy notation 2[14] 3[14]
Taro's multivariable Ackermann function A(3,41) A(3,42)
Pound-Star Notation #*(0,2,6)*4 #*(1,2,6)*4
BEAF {84,7} {85,7}
Hyper-E notation 2E13 3E13
Bashicu matrix system (0)(0)[2340] (0)(0)[2341]
Hyperfactorial array notation 16! 17!
Fast-growing hierarchy $$f_2(39)$$ $$f_2(40)$$
Hardy hierarchy $$H_{\omega^2}(39)$$ $$H_{\omega^2}(40)$$
Slow-growing hierarchy $$g_{\omega^{\omega+3}2+\omega^{\omega+2}9+\omega^{\omega+1}9+\omega^\omega9}(10)$$ $$g_{\omega^{\omega+3}3}(10)$$
## Sources
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. | 2021-07-25T23:00:03 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9012817144393921, "perplexity": 7808.390274874787}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151866.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725205752-20210725235752-00049.warc.gz"} |
http://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=S126M&init=0 | # ${{\boldsymbol H}^{0}}$ MASS INSPIRE search
VALUE (GeV) DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT
$\bf{ 125.10 \pm0.14}$ OUR AVERAGE
$124.86$ $\pm0.27$ 1
2018 BM
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 13 TeV, 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$125.26$ $\pm0.20$ $\pm0.08$ 2
2017 AV
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 13 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$125.09$ $\pm0.21$ $\pm0.11$ 1, 3
2015 B
LHC ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$124.79$ $\pm0.37$ 4
2018 BM
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 13 TeV, 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$124.93$ $\pm0.40$ 5
2018 BM
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 13 TeV, 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
$124.97$ $\pm0.24$ 1, 6
2018 BM
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8, 13 TeV, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$125.07$ $\pm0.25$ $\pm0.14$ 3
2015 B
LHC ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
$125.15$ $\pm0.37$ $\pm0.15$ 3
2015 B
LHC ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$126.02$ $\pm0.43$ $\pm0.27$
2015 B
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
$124.51$ $\pm0.52$ $\pm0.04$
2015 B
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$125.59$ $\pm0.42$ $\pm0.17$
2015 B
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$125.02$ ${}^{+0.26}_{-0.27}$ ${}^{+0.14}_{-0.15}$ 7
2015 AM
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV
$125.36$ $\pm0.37$ $\pm0.18$ 8, 1
2014 W
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV
$125.98$ $\pm0.42$ $\pm0.28$ 8
2014 W
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
$124.51$ $\pm0.52$ $\pm0.06$ 8
2014 W
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$125.6$ $\pm0.4$ $\pm0.2$ 9
2014 AA
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$122$ $\pm7$ 10
2014 K
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$124.70$ $\pm0.31$ $\pm0.15$ 11
2014 P
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
$125.5$ $\pm0.2$ ${}^{+0.5}_{-0.6}$ 1, 12
2013 AK
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV
$126.8$ $\pm0.2$ $\pm0.7$ 12
2013 AK
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
$124.3$ ${}^{+0.6}_{-0.5}$ ${}^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$ 12
2013 AK
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$125.8$ $\pm0.4$ $\pm0.4$ 1, 13
2013 J
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV
$126.2$ $\pm0.6$ $\pm0.2$ 13
2013 J
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV, ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$
$126.0$ $\pm0.4$ $\pm0.4$ 1, 14
2012 AI
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV
$125.3$ $\pm0.4$ $\pm0.5$ 1, 15
2012 N
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , 7, 8 TeV
1 Combined value from ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ and ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$ final states.
2 SIRUNYAN 2017AV use 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV with ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$ where ${{\mathit \ell}}$ = ${{\mathit e}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}}$ .
3 ATLAS and CMS data are fitted simultaneously.
4 AABOUD 2018BM use 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV with ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$ where ${{\mathit \ell}}$ = ${{\mathit e}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}}$ .
5 AABOUD 2018BM use 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV with ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ .
6 AABOUD 2018BM combine 13 TeV results with 7 and 8 TeV results. Other combined results are summarized in their Fig. 4.
7 KHACHATRYAN 2015AM use up to 5.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and up to 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV.
8 AAD 2014W use 4.5 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ at 8 TeV.
9 CHATRCHYAN 2014AA use 5.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV.
10 CHATRCHYAN 2014K use 4.9 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV.
11 KHACHATRYAN 2014P use 5.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV.
12 AAD 2013AK use 4.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$=7 TeV and 20.7 fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$=8 TeV. Superseded by AAD 2014W.
13 CHATRCHYAN 2013J use 5.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and 12.2 fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV.
14 AAD 2012AI obtain results based on $4.6 - 4.8$ fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and $5.8 - 5.9$ fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. An excess of events over background with a local significance of 5.9 $\sigma$ is observed at ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{0}}}$ = 126 GeV. See also AAD 2012DA.
15 CHATRCHYAN 2012N obtain results based on $4.9 - 5.1$ fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV and $5.1 - 5.3$ fb${}^{-1}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. An excess of events over background with a local significance of 5.0 $\sigma$ is observed at about ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{0}}}$ = 125 GeV. See also CHATRCHYAN 2012BY and CHATRCHYAN 2013Y.
References:
AABOUD 2018BM
PL B784 345 Measurement of the Higgs boson mass in the $H\rightarrow ZZ^* \rightarrow 4\ell$ and $H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ channels with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions using the ATLAS detector
SIRUNYAN 2017AV
JHEP 1711 047 Measurements of Properties of the Higgs Boson Decaying into the Four-Lepton Final State in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV
PRL 114 191803 Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments
KHACHATRYAN 2015AM
EPJ C75 212 Precise Determination of the Mass of the Higgs Boson and Tests of Compatibility of its Couplings with the Standard Model Predictions using Proton Collisions at 7 and 8 TeV
PR D90 052004 Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass from the ${{\mathit H}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ and ${{\mathit H}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ 4 ${{\mathit \ell}}$ Channels with the ATLAS Detector using 25 ${\mathrm {fb}}{}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collision Data
CHATRCHYAN 2014K
JHEP 1405 104 Evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs Boson Decaying to a Pair of ${{\mathit \tau}}$ Leptons
CHATRCHYAN 2014AA
PR D89 092007 Measurement of the Properties of a Higgs Boson in the Four-Lepton Final State
KHACHATRYAN 2014P
EPJ C74 3076 Observation of the Diphoton Decay of the Higgs Boson and Measurement of its Properties
PRL 110 081803 On the Mass and Spin-Parity of the Higgs Boson Candidate via its Decays to ${{\mathit Z}}$ Boson Pairs | 2019-11-12T16:09:52 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9668570756912231, "perplexity": 2032.1601132955889}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496665575.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112151954-20191112175954-00388.warc.gz"} |
http://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=M173MD&home=MXXX040 | # ${\boldsymbol m}_{{{\boldsymbol D}_{{s1}}{(2460)}^{\pm}}}–{\boldsymbol m}_{{{\boldsymbol D}_{{s}}^{*\pm}}}$ INSPIRE search
The fit includes ${{\mathit D}^{\pm}}$, ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$, ${{\mathit D}_{{s}}^{\pm}}$, ${{\mathit D}^{*\pm}}$, ${{\mathit D}^{*0}}$, ${{\mathit D}_{{s}}^{*\pm}}$, ${{\mathit D}_{{1}}{(2420)}^{0}}$, ${{\mathit D}_{{2}}^{*}{(2460)}^{0}}$, and ${{\mathit D}_{{s1}}{(2536)}^{\pm}}$ mass and mass difference measurements.
VALUE (MeV) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT
$\bf{ 347.3 \pm0.7}$ OUR FIT Error includes scale factor of 1.2.
$\bf{ 347.1 \pm2.2}$ OUR AVERAGE Error includes scale factor of 1.9.
$344.1$ $\pm1.3$ $\pm1.1$ 126
2004
BELL 10.6 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$351.2$ $\pm1.7$ $\pm1.0$ 41
2003
CLE2 10.6 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$346.8$ $\pm1.6$ $\pm1.9$ 57 1
2003 B
BELL 10.6 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
1 Recalculated by us using ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit D}_{{s}}^{*+}}}$ = $2112.4$ $\pm0.7$ MeV.
${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit D}_{{s1}}{(2460)}^{\pm}}}–{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit D}_{{s}}^{*\pm}}}$ (MeV)
References:
MIKAMI 2004
PRL 92 012002 Measurements of the ${{\mathit D}_{{sJ}}}$ Resonance Properties
BESSON 2003
PR D68 032002 Observation of a Narrow Resonance of Mass 2.46 GeV/$\mathit c{}^{2}$ Decaying to ${{\mathit D}_{{s}}^{*+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ and confirmation of the ${{\mathit D}_{{sJ}}^{*}{(2317)}}$ State
KROKOVNY 2003B
PRL 91 262002 Observation of the ${{\mathit D}_{{sJ}}{(2317)}}$ and ${{\mathit D}_{{sJ}}{(2457)}}$ in ${{\mathit B}}$ Decays | 2019-12-05T17:22:50 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8204397559165955, "perplexity": 6269.436938825245}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540481281.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20191205164243-20191205192243-00380.warc.gz"} |
https://zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Ultraconnected_space | Ultraconnected space
In mathematics, a topological space ${\displaystyle X}$ is said to be ultraconnected if no pair of nonempty closed sets of ${\displaystyle X}$ is disjoint. Equivalently, a space is ultraconnected if and only if the closures of two distinct points always have non trivial intersection. Hence, no ${\displaystyle T_{1}}$ space with more than 1 point is ultraconnected.[1]
All ultraconnected spaces are path-connected (but not necessarily arc connected[1]), normal, limit point compact, and pseudocompact.
Notes
1. Steen and Seeback, Sect. 4
References
• This article incorporates material from Ultraconnected space on PlanetMath, which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
• Lynn Arthur Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr., Counterexamples in Topology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978. Reprinted by Dover Publications, New York, 1995. ISBN 0-486-68735-X (Dover edition).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files. | 2021-09-26T07:05:54 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 3, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.46164146065711975, "perplexity": 1280.8896264273665}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057830.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926053229-20210926083229-00251.warc.gz"} |
https://academia.fandom.com/wiki/Check_sort/Visual_Basic/Performance_Analysis/Rapid_Sort | 580 Pages
## Table of Performance Values Edit
#### Regression Analysis Edit
The following table provvides the values of the constraints under which regression analysis of the performance data was performed.
Constraints
Value Units
Primary array 9,999,999 Cells
Secondary array 7,505,468 Items
Key length 1 to 8 Digits
Setup time[1] 5.875 Seconds
Sort time[2] 1.484 Seconds
Total Ratio .0.2526 Percent
#### Class DeterminationEdit
Class notated sort routines are categorized according to the Chi Square analysis of linear (L), parabolic {P), logarithmic (Ln) and exponential (E) best fit regression analysis applied to their performance data produced under a specified set of constraints. Class notation is used in preference to Theta notation, a form of Big O notation, since the advantage Class notation offers is to provide the values of the equation parameters obtained from regression analysis of the performance data such as in the case of a linear equation best Chi Square fit of the value for slope (or seconds per item) in the case of a Class L (linear equation) category best fit. This additional information allows the programmer or user to select the best sort routine for his own application based upon the actual number of items which must be sorted per unit time or the time limit to sort a specific number of items. Since the Check sort performance best fits the Class L category the values for slope m and constant c for the linear equation f(x)= m*x+c can be determined by a best fit linear regression analysis and provided in the table below:
Class L
Routine Slope c
Setup 0.058192715 0
Sort 0.0144728 0
Sort time in this case is 24.87% of setup time ${0.0144728 \choose 0.058192715}$, If a setup slope of .025 is determined by empirical analysis using another machine the projected results would indicate a sorting rate of (.025 *.2487) or 0.00622 seconds per item or the ability to sort 16,083,332 items per second assuming the ratio of setup to sort time will not change from machine to machine for the same implementation of the same language.
## notesEdit
1. Time for setup refers to the time required to index the array variables with input data and increment the indexed variable's contents.
2. Time for sort refers to the time required to parse the array, i.e., sequentially list or print indexes of variables with non-zero values.
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http://partiallyattended.com/2013/07/02/ec-open-data-consultation-report/ | ## Partially Attended
an irregularly updated blog by Ian Mulvany
# EC consultation on Open Data - a report.
#### Tue Jul 2, 2013
##### 4532 Words
This is a report on todays consultation on open data that was help by the EC. The notes are long, so I have put my conclusions and general comments at the start.
# General comments
There was not much disagreement throughout the day. There were repeated calls for the need to incentivise researchers to engage in data sharing, but not too many concrete proposals on how to do this. It does seem from my perspective that libraries could do an amazing job here, but that will depend on to which extent these libraries have deep technical expertise. One problem libraries seem to have is bridging the gap between their expertise and the scientist at the bench who just doesn’t know about what services they can call on.
I spoke late in the day, but I was the first to mention CC0 explicitly, and the first to call for the explicit adoption of CC0/CC-BY, I was surprised by this.
There was an overwhelming reiteration that primary research data is a public good, and as such the default position is that this data should be “open by default”. This was hugely encouraging. There was plenty of nuanced discussion that there are indeed areas where one would need to have restrictions in place around certain kinds of data, but the majority of people who made this point wanted to start from a default open position, and look for explicit reasons on a case by case basis for why one might not adopt this principle. I think this is a healthy way to proceed.
There were some skirmishes over IP, patents and an explicit call from representatives from Phillips and from the German Defence industry that data should not be made open. One even saying that they liked public funding, but didn’t like the idea of opening that data (hello, can someone please let this person know what a “public good means?"). Anyway, both representatives were amenable to the idea of embargoes for data that is generated in public-private partnerships, so I think that was healthy. One aside is that this thread of conversation popped up throughout that day, but I feel that it is largely a distraction from the core question, one of the status of OpenData for primary publicly funded research. What it does show is that in this debate we need to get the lines really clear, so as not to waste cycles discussing edge cases, and so that we don’t end up imposing artificial restrictions for fears that should not really be applicable.
No one mentioned linked data. No one.
The really key issue, in my mind, is how do you build a system that captures data in a way that is more robust than the life time of the researcher who created it. If we could say with confidence that the data that a researcher used is as accessible to future generations, in the way that their publications are available, then we will have succeeded. We can still get out hands on the finches that Darwin worked on, which is amazing. That we can’t get the excel file that Joe Postdoc created six years ago is a shame on us.
## Notes from the day.
My notes on the actual discussions through the day are pretty much sketch like. If anything is unclear, I’m happy to respond in the comments.
## Opening notes
Opening remarks, sets out three reasons that the commission believes the opening access to research data is a must.
• good for science
• good for SME’s - they have evidence for this already
• good for the citizen
There will be room until the 15th of July to send written contributions to the consultation. Today is not a workshop, it is a hearing, and the main purpose for the day is to hear opinions from the stakeholders.
The day starts with:
## The research perspective.
#### Jildau Bouwman, TNO Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology
• negative data.
• small data from home experiments.
• information in the methods section, including the meta-data data, the paper should be reusable.
Limits should be on sensitive data, commercial data. Need a specific budget in projects to help data being put into the open.
#### Paola De Castro, Istituto Superiore di Sanità
• data management plans should be stressed
• mentions the g8 policy
• need a way to provide incentives for researchers
• they stress the importance of creating a global infrastructure.
#### Menno Kok, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
Discusses the why of this.
An important factor in the why, is how can we get more value from data. This means data enrichment. Mentions the danger of making some data available, specifically genome sequences. Sequences and phenotypes are the things that are dangerous.
How do we stimulate the process? This is to do with fairness. This relates to when data should be made available.
The patent question is going to be an important one. We may have to come to a tailor made solution that fits to all types of research.
How can you get to this kind of solution? Through trial and error.
They would like to propose that EU incorporates OA under Horizon 2020 as a carefully monitored limited trial.
#### Salvatore Mele, CERN
How can you get 1000’s of people to share and to cooperate? If you build a community, where every contributor is known, and every contribution is acknowledged. He advocates that we can build a global community of sharing.
He mentions the ODIN project. They found a very clear answer, they need to augment the existing infrastructure, need one that is technical, social and something else.
Mentions key pieces of the infrastructures.
• ORCID
• DataCite
We need to accelerate the adoption of these approaches.
No researcher should be left behind. Researchers without access to specific infrastructure should be able to make use of tools such as Zenodo.
#### Corrette Ploem, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
Patients, which are the providers of data, may expect that their data is shared as much as possible, from their perspective, It is not in their interest that researchers sit on their data (the patients want to be cured, right?).
Standardisation of data, and encoding techniques, and legislation, on an EU level, is required.
#### ?
Incentives are crucial to build up a culture of data sharing. Research data needs to be considered as a research output on the level of journal articles.
Costs should be included in project funding. Data management and data sharing plans should be required. Such an approach was proposed by the US government.
Initiatives such as the Research Data alliance are helpful.
#### Andrew Smith EMBL-EBI / ELIXIR
We need to look at the term open data. That is a bit misleading, in life science, clearly not all data will be made open. When we talk about open data, we really are talking about accessible data.
Mentions EU-PMC and EBI infrastructure. Where we can we should look to build on existing data bases.
When we use the term data storage, we need to be careful. The costs in running these repositories often sits on the curation, running courses, developing standards, the cost is not just on the storage side.
Feels that we should use Horizon 2020 for driving change.
#### Rolf Vermeij, European Consortium of Innovative Universities
Need to be able to find the data through a search engine. Need ways to enable searching that goes beyond Google.
Some areas of science have a long standing history of data sharing. Chemists do not share data.
People will need to be educated.
Need stronger peer review on the data.
#### Debate
A lot of data that is used is often coming from public administration. There is not much of a culture of data sharing from public sector information. These sources of information should be considered.
Education is important. We need to convince researchers that their data is worth sharing. We need to educate researchers about what the basic elements of sharing are. Feels that naturally libraries have a role to play in that.
There is a study that says that peer review of data is just too difficult, there is too much of it, and it would just break the system, we need to think of some other way of doing this.
One approach is to just allow users to make comments on the data that they are using. The second approach is to do this through journals, journals should ensure that data is reviewed.
If there is a clear understanding of whose job it is to do what when it comes to review, that’s helpful.
My comments on peer review of data:
• aside from reuse, making data available helps to prove that the experiment happened
• not the only solution, but tracking reuse is a good indicator that the data is useful
• must support negative publication results, to overcome publication bias for successful events in the lab.
A comment is made about what is data, archaeology provides great examples of how heterogeneous data is.
If you can really associate who has provided which part of the data, then you are pinning reputation on the quality of the data. If you identify who is putting data out, you do not need a peer review system.
In medical science the citation index is more important for your reputation than the quality of the data that you produce. Therefore some fields need education, and a change to their incentive structures.
## Industry / industrial research perspective
#### Jan van den Biesen, Philips Research 2
OA to Scientific publications is really not an issue. No interference with the ability to protect IPR.
Open access to research data is another matter. Open access to research data could affect the ability to protect innovations and IPR. Fully OA might destroy more value than it creates.
They think it should be decided case by case. For example unsuccessful clinical trials, sharing these results can help reduce redoing unnecessary experiments, however making data from Enabling technologies open could scare away partners.
They support the OA approach proposed by the Obama administration.
Making raw data available to citizens doesn’t really help, this data should be refined into products by industry for citizens.
#### Helge Pfeiffer, Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe /
Needs to avoid inflation of papers - though salami slicing and fraud.
#### Thomas Weise, Federation of German Security and Defence Industries
Funding is highly appreciated, however OA cannot be in the interest of industry. 100% ownership of background information has to be guaranteed to industry. Release to 3rd parties has to be agreed by industry.
#### Debate
Strong debate on the topic of standard position for openness.
Someone makes the case that there is a strong difference between pure research and applied research. They believe that this is one of the things that the Horizon 2020 pilot should investigate.
Mentions that there are parallels in an amendment that has been seen in public sector information directive, and the research cycle within industry. The directive has said that for public private partnerships, the default will be open, but that openness will happen under embargo. In addition those embargoes can be challenged. The PSI directive might provide a good framework.
Thomas Weise could agree to this idea for embargo. In the US in defence, secret programs are suddenly published, but this means that they might not be interesting any more.
q: does it make sense for Europe to have a policy, in spite of policies in other parts of the world, or do these policies need to be global. Thomas Weise says that there should be an EU policy in order to retain EU competitiveness. Need and EU publication strategy and research data strategy.
It’s important that Europe is showing leadership in open policies. On the other hand you cannot limit open access to within specific regions. So - yes European policies make sense, especially to join forces with other regions that are interested, but you cannot limit access to this research.
Do not think that we should wait to harmonize our policies.
## Research funder perspective
#### Juan Bicarregui, UK Research Councils
Thinks most countries are already producing polices that are already harmonized. G8 agenda is mentioned again.
STFC holds 40 PB of data, doubles every 15 months, soon they will hold 80PB. They also support a bunch of other tools, including the Square Kilometre meter Array.
#### David Carr, Wellcome Trust
Value of data vs resources required. There can be limits to data sharing via IP. Need to balance the needs between data generators and users.
There are challenges:
• enhancing implementation and enforcement of policies
• guiding a sustainable culture of data sharing
• recognise that different disciplines are at different stages
• need to forge partnerships between funders the research community and other stakeholders
#### Anne Wetterbom, Swedish Research Council / Science Europe
Funders role is to provide the framework for their research environments.
Swedish government in October 2012 published a bill on research and innovation. There is already a Swedish bill for making public information open, and research conducted through universities is considered to be public information. The universities are responsible for archiving data from their scientists, but this puts a burden on universities, with the current data deluge.
They want infrastructures to be cost efficient, and heterogeneous.
They will work with different stakeholders over the coming year.
During 2014 they are going to go to the government with a draft policy.
They would like to have a discussion on funding models.
#### Debate
A comment to focus on success stories, which can be used to show the value of access to open data.
Should the way that IP is currently working be discussed, particularly around patents?
Perhaps we should look at the property issue in a new way? In medical research contracts are very one sided. This is really a problem, we should think about the cash that is being generated through these partnerships.
Public directive indicates that from 2015, any information that ends up in the university library will be considered as public information, including public sector information that has been generated from within the university.
The question of licensing is being raised. A proposal is made to clarify copyright and licence, and suggests that there should be a limited set of patterns, like as in what has happened with creative commons.
The decision about licensing should happen at the proposal stage, so that funders will know whether to fund up front.
There is a defence of the patent system, a description of “the deal” for patents. (There is a strong [argument that the patent system is broken are broken][brpat], as this American life episode The White House seems to agree)
For open data, public funding is involved, and this does not preclude the protections that companies have. When we are talking about open access to data for public funding, we should not add more protections or additional layers of protection, as these layers already exist - via the patent system.
## Information systems / e-infrastructure perspective
#### Nikos Askitas, Institute for the Study of Labor in Bonn Germany
(I think this person is an economist)
Sharing is a good thing, but not all researchers should share, it’s like donating, it’s a good thing, but not everyone will do it.
Data is insurance against fact pollution. Data is not cheap.
You have to make sure that the data stays meaningful over time. Research data is potentially any data.
Research data could be defined as data that has been used at least once to answer a research question.
What does making it available mean? Making it available separates research from hearsay. That must be what defines openness in this context.
On limiting, two remarks - open does not mean free, at the same time proprietary does not mean closed. In the context of data, perhaps we could introduce a data tax.
Perhaps an idea of corporations paying for proprietary data, could be opened in the form of data taxes (definitely an economist).
In terms of storage, there could be journals, libraries, individuals. So centrally or distributed? The library of Alexandria no longer existed. Monks stored the data in a distributed fashion.
#### Donatella Castelli, Italian National Research Council and OpenAIRE / Yannis Ioannidis
Requirements on data preservation, and management should be light at the project submission stage, and become much more rigorous before awarding of grants.
Openness should be limited to quality data.
#### Peter Doorn, Data Archiving and Networked Services
Important to address small data, in addition to BIG data. We should not make open data a religion or a dogma, it’s important to be pragmatic.
Researchers should not own the data that they collect with public funding. On limiting openness, protection of privacy is a factor, but it should not be a dogma. Certain public interests should be protected.
It is good to allow an embargo for up to two years, for researchers who want to publish on data.
On reuse, we need certain citation rules for data. These should include at least a persistent identifier. Make data available for peer review.
It should be stored in trustworthy archives, should be certified by the EU framework - there are German and ISO standards, for data archiving standards (could be very helpful).
Make data management eligible for funding.
#### Matthew Dovey, Joint Information Systems Committee / Knowledge Exchange
Half of funding agencies in north Europe had data management plans, but only half of them had plans to implement these plans.
Makes the point that sometimes it’s cheaper to recreate data, rather than storing.
Data is often generated from an array of funding, and researchers are often not aware of the funder requirements.
Funders need to fund ongoing support of data.
Again, training is important. Do we concentrate on new researchers, or the exiting researchers?
Infrastructure is easy, technology is easy, getting people to use the infrastructure is harder. (often often, the social context is harder than the technology).
Any technology must fit with existing workflows and not impose new workflows.
#### Adam Farquhar, DataCite
DataCite now have 1.7M DOIs. +3M resolutions in 2013, 200 data centres. 275k DOIs in 2013.
Founded in 2009.
Data identification has now matured up away from local country standards. The point is there is no need to re-invent the wheel. Identification and citation level meta data are critical for incentives systems.
Data citation require interoperable APIs and meta data (e.g. content negotiation with crossref).
Data identification is more than just assigning a number. You need essential services to support this.
#### David Giaretta, Alliance for Permanent Access
The common thread is how can we add value? Not just adding value to the creator, but also in other disciplines - commerce, government, the general public.
Most data is unfamiliar to most people. Most people don’t think anything of clicking through 100 different web pages, most people would never do this for data sets - life is just too short.
The key question is who pays, how much, and why? No one makes indefinite commitments.
The solution seems to be to make data usable, by as many people as possible, for as long as possible. CIBER-DS is a project that is trying to do this.
Need to investigate data marketplaces.
#### Bram Luyten, @mire
Data should be stored in the research institution. Researcher’s are able to forge large volumes of data. The reputation of the institution is at stake. The academic institution has a horizon that is longer than the span of an individual career, or a single project.
#### Discussion
Two specific questions - what should be the embargo period? When do you start counting the embargo period. Would it be reasonable for a funding agency, that has a rejection rate of 90%, should they ask for this up front, or as a first deliverable?
Someone is missing the researcher in terms of how we are arguing how things should be like. Many people are arguing that their projects should be the one that holds the data. This person (the economist again), does not thing we should over burden the researcher. We may end up with shiny open mediocre stuff. Putting all of your data into one big trough makes it easy to put in, but hard to get out, thinks it is better to have small projects, with community driven curation, the solution needs to be distributed. (of course this perspective does not address the actual problem that our current data policies address).
Salvatore says that adding more things to do when writing a proposal is not great, but some thinking about data management can be hugely useful. We could think of a process which encourages people to make sure that the data curation and opening can happen, for example, allowing time at the end of a project with funding, for doing the curation. Set an example, and let people know that it’s OK to take time out from core research to make the data open.
If you want to convince researchers to publish data, you need to make researchers understand what is happening with their data - simple legal templates could help with this.
Someone says something, but I couldn’t follow what they were talking about.
On the question of embargoes it’s not possible to say that this should start at the end of data collection, as this is not a well defined point in time. In the data management plan if there is a request for embargo, this should be laid out in the data management plan. A way that could work, is to tie it to the end of the funding period, and tie this to the need to have embargo requests as part of the data management plan negotiation.
In the UK, we are seeing that data management plans are being required up front in the grant application. In terms of support for creating data management plans, there is a role here for libraries to help in this domain.
What you need at proposal time are data management intentions, and what you need during implementation is data management practice.
At proposal time getting a feeling for how much it costs would also be good.
## Publisher perspective
#### Ian Mulvany, eLife / PLOS / PeerJ / Ubiquity Press
See my statement, and slides at my previous blog post.
#### Fiona Murphy, Wiley
Mentions PREPARDE - this is an ongoing project and set of activities.
Adapting the publication model for publication is about adapting the existing model.
#### Jarosław Perzyński, Polish Chamber of Books
Polish publishers do not think about growing, rather about surviving. There are two examples of alarming ideas from Poland. At the end of 2012 the polish ministry proposed that publishers mush transfer electronic rights, in this situation the government wanted to pay 50% of the cost, and have 100% control of the work - this would have been a disaster for the polish book industry.
An other example is graphene research in 2012. The question is who is able to apply for the commercial use of this research. OA would mean that only rich states would be able to benefit from this work.
He mentions a question about spying and connects this to open access, but I don’t understand what he said in this regard.
It’s mentioned by the chair that opening things is a way to prevent spying.
#### Eefke Smit, International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM)
Publishers welcome this imitative. It is no secret to us how much of a hot topic research data is.
If you want to reuse data, they must be understandable. There needs to be a connection between research data and publication. This addresses some of the fears that researchers would have in terms of researchers being afraid of others misusing their data.
On the culture of sharing - it is again very important that data is integrated with publications.
#### Anita de Waard, Elsevier, Data Collaborations
Elsevier∫ - we are a large publisher (one of the best lines of the day).
Storing/annotation/curation is not the same thing as sharing.
They do advocate the creation of data catalogues, so that if even data is not shared, there could be a role for data catalogues, so you can at least discover what there is, who has it, and what the rights are around it.
where do you store the data? there are three types of repositories
• generic repositories
• domain specific repositories
• institutional repositories
They are interested in developing machines accessible formats for interrogating the data
How do we enhance data awareness?
Need to look at how the researchers are working now, need to develop tools that can store data at the point of capture - the older self wants to reuse the data created by the younger self.
Allow the researcher insight into why, and the extent to which data was reused.
They would like to suggest the creation of a shared network of best practice in data sharing.
## Library perspective
#### Paul Ayris - LIBER
Libraries should retool to be able to support data management. LERU is compiling a roadmap for the impact of research data, this will be available end of 2013. It will include looking at costs - the first question that any vice-chancellor will ask.
LERU believes that there are boundaries, not all data can be bade open on day one, but they believe that the default position should be open and not closed.
#### Thomas Bourke, European University Institute (Florence)
Mirrors what Paul says. There are huge differences between financial economic data and development economic data. The question of scope is a key question. Libraries have established quality control mechanisms around publication, they might be able to provide something like this on the data side.
The source of the data should be captured, is it original data, derived data, modified data?
Would be good if the commission could hear from publishers of primary data - Bloomberg, Thompson Reuters.
#### Michael Franke, Max Planck Digital Library 3
What types of data should be open? It is important to find intelligent ways to assess how valuable a data set is, or how appropriate it is to archive, rather than recreating.
Continuous monitoring of data reuse could tell you whether a data set should be kept any longer. It should find out how well a data set preforms in terms of reuse
On data awareness and the culture of sharing This contains a motivation problem for the researchers. There is hardly any individual incentive to share this. One way to overcome this dilemma is a reward system for sharing data. Such a system could go hand in hand with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA).
(at this point in the evening we are starting to heavily retread over points discussed earlier, so I am cutting back on note taking).
#### Discussion
On quality - libraries don’t do peer review. They do do some selection, and they ensure that the stuff you get in is the stuff that you will get out later on. Increasingly we are seeing the use of digitised material as research data collections. The libraries is increasingly becoming the data provider as well as the archiver of the data.
The issue of text and data mining conversation around licensing within the EU and the breakdown of those discussions is raised as a point of discussion.
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https://indico.fnal.gov/event/15949/contributions/34854/ | Indico search will be reestablished in the next version upgrade of the software: https://getindico.io/roadmap/
# 36th Annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
22-28 July 2018
Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center
EST timezone
## Simulation of dynamical (u,d,s,c) domain-wall/overlap quarks at the physical point
Jul 25, 2018, 5:10 PM
20m
103 (Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center)
### 103
#### Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center
219 S Harrison Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824
Parallel Chiral Symmetry
### Speaker
Prof. Ting-Wai Chiu (National Taiwan University)
### Description
We perform hybrid Monte-Carlo simulation of $N_f=2+1+1$ lattice QCD with domain-wall/overlap quarks at the physical point. The simulation is carried out on a $64^4$ lattice with lattice spacing $a \sim 0.06$ fm, using the Nvidia DGX-1 (8 Volta GPUs interconnected by the NVLink). To attain the maximal chiral symmetry for a finite extent ($N_s =16$) in the fifth dimension, we use the optimal domain-wall fermion for the quark action, together with the exact one-flavor action for domain-wall fermion. We outline the salient features of our simulation (e.g., without topology freezing, small residual masses, etc.), and present our preliminary results of the mass spectra of mesons and baryons.
### Primary author
Prof. Ting-Wai Chiu (National Taiwan University)
Slides | 2021-10-24T02:38:24 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.34293654561042786, "perplexity": 9564.53053174056}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585837.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20211024015104-20211024045104-00611.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10252047-solutions | Solutions of ϕ (n) = ϕ (n + k) and σ (n) = σ (n + k)
Abstract We show that for some even $k\leqslant 3570$ and all $k$ with $442720643463713815200|k$, the equation $\phi (n)=\phi (n+k)$ has infinitely many solutions $n$, where $\phi$ is Euler’s totient function. We also show that for a positive proportion of all $k$, the equation $\sigma (n)=\sigma (n+k)$ has infinitely many solutions $n$. The proofs rely on recent progress on the prime $k$-tuples conjecture by Zhang, Maynard, Tao, and PolyMath.
Authors:
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10252047
Journal Name:
International Mathematics Research Notices
ISSN:
1073-7928
1. Abstract The elliptic algebras in the title are connected graded $\mathbb {C}$ -algebras, denoted $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$ , depending on a pair of relatively prime integers $n>k\ge 1$ , an elliptic curve E and a point $\tau \in E$ . This paper examines a canonical homomorphism from $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$ to the twisted homogeneous coordinate ring $B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ on the characteristic variety $X_{n/k}$ for $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$ . When $X_{n/k}$ is isomorphic to $E^g$ or the symmetric power $S^gE$ , we show that the homomorphism $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau ) \to B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ is surjective, the relations for $B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ are generated in degrees $\le 3$ and the noncommutative scheme $\mathrm {Proj}_{nc}(Q_{n,k}(E,\tau ))$ has a closed subvariety that is isomorphic to $E^g$ or $S^gE$ , respectively. When $X_{n/k}=E^g$ and $\tau =0$ , the results about $B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ show that the morphism $\Phi _{|\mathcal {L}_{n/k}|}:E^g \to \mathbb {P}^{n-1}$ embeds $E^g$ as a projectively normal subvariety that is a scheme-theoretic intersection of quadric and cubic hypersurfaces.
2. Abstract. This work measured $\mathrm{d}\sigma/\mathrm{d}\Omega$ d σ / d Ω for neutral kaon photoproduction reactions from threshold up to a c.m. energy of 1855MeV, focussing specifically on the $\gamma p\rightarrow K^0\Sigma^+$ γ p → K 0 Σ + , $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0\Lambda$ γ n → K 0 Λ , and $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0 \Sigma^0$ γ n → K 0 Σ 0 reactions. Our results for $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0 \Sigma^0$ γ n → K 0 Σ 0 are the first-ever measurements for that reaction. These data will provide insight into the properties of $N^{\ast}$ N * resonances and, in particular, will lead to an improved knowledge about those states that couple only weakly to the $\pi N$ π N channel. Integrated cross sections were extracted by fitting the differential cross sections for each reaction as a series of Legendre polynomials and our results are compared with prior experimental results and theoretical predictions.
4. In this paper, we study the mixed Littlewood conjecture with pseudo-absolute values. For any pseudo-absolute-value sequence ${\mathcal{D}}$ , we obtain a sharp criterion such that for almost every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ the inequality $$\begin{eqnarray}|n|_{{\mathcal{D}}}|n\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}-p|\leq \unicode[STIX]{x1D713}(n)\end{eqnarray}$$ has infinitely many coprime solutions $(n,p)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{Z}$ for a certain one-parameter family of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}$ . Also, under a minor condition on pseudo-absolute-value sequences ${\mathcal{D}}_{1},{\mathcal{D}}_{2},\ldots ,{\mathcal{D}}_{k}$ , we obtain a sharp criterion on a general sequence $\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}(n)$ such that for almost every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ the inequality $$\begin{eqnarray}|n|_{{\mathcal{D}}_{1}}|n|_{{\mathcal{D}}_{2}}\cdots |n|_{{\mathcal{D}}_{k}}|n\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}-p|\leq \unicode[STIX]{x1D713}(n)\end{eqnarray}$$ has infinitely many coprime solutions $(n,p)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{Z}$ .
Given a sequence $\{Z_d\}_{d\in \mathbb{N}}$ of smooth and compact hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n-1}$, we prove that (up to extracting subsequences) there exists a regular definable hypersurface $\Gamma \subset {\mathbb{R}}\textrm{P}^n$ such that each manifold $Z_d$ is diffeomorphic to a component of the zero set on $\Gamma$ of some polynomial of degree $d$. (This is in sharp contrast with the case when $\Gamma$ is semialgebraic, where for example the homological complexity of the zero set of a polynomial $p$ on $\Gamma$ is bounded by a polynomial in $\deg (p)$.) More precisely, given the above sequence of hypersurfaces, we construct a regular, compact, semianalytic hypersurface $\Gamma \subset {\mathbb{R}}\textrm{P}^{n}$ containing a subset $D$ homeomorphic to a disk, and a family of polynomials $\{p_m\}_{m\in \mathbb{N}}$ of degree $\deg (p_m)=d_m$ such that $(D, Z(p_m)\cap D)\sim ({\mathbb{R}}^{n-1}, Z_{d_m}),$ i.e. the zero set of $p_m$ in $D$ is isotopic to $Z_{d_m}$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n-1}$. This says that, up to extracting subsequences, the intersection of $\Gamma$ with a hypersurface of degree $d$ can be as complicated as we want. We call these ‘pathological examples’. In particular, we show that for every $0 \leq k \leq n-2$ and every sequence of natural numbers $a=\{a_d\}_{d\in \mathbb{N}}$ there is a regular, compact semianalyticmore » | 2022-10-06T10:52:36 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 1, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.963263213634491, "perplexity": 191.209030047294}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337803.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006092601-20221006122601-00669.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10275846-evaluating-sustainable-development-policies-rural-coastal-economies | skip to main content
Evaluating sustainable development policies in rural coastal economies
Sustainable development (SD) policies targeting marine economic sectors, designed to alleviate poverty and conserve marine ecosystems, have proliferated in recent years. Many developing countries are providing poor fishing households with new fishing boats (fishing capital) that can be used further offshore as a means to improve incomes and relieve fishing pressure on nearshore fish stocks. These kinds of policies are a marine variant of traditional SD policies focused on agriculture. Here, we evaluate ex ante economic and environmental impacts of provisions of fishing and agricultural capital, with and without enforcement of fishing regulations that prohibit the use of larger vessels in nearshore habitats. Combining methods from development economics, natural resource economics, and marine ecology, we use a unique dataset and modeling framework to account for linkages between households, business sectors, markets, and local fish stocks. We show that the policies investing capital in local marine fisheries or agricultural sectors achieve income gains for targeted households, but knock-on effects lead to increased harvest of nearshore fish, making them unlikely to achieve conservation objectives in rural coastal economies. However, pairing an agriculture stimulus with increasing enforcement of existing fisheries’ regulations may lead to a win–win situation. While marine-based policies could be an more »
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10275846
Journal Name:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Volume:
117
Issue:
52
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
33170 to 33176
ISSN:
0027-8424
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
##### More Like this
1. A new generation of poverty programs around the globe provides cash payments to poor and vulnerable households. Studies show that these social cash transfer programs create income and welfare benefits for poor households and the local economies where they live. However, this may come at the cost of damaging local environments if cash payments stimulate food production that conflicts with natural resource conservation. Evaluations of the economic impacts of poverty programs do not account for the welfare consequences of environmental impacts, which are potentially large for poor communities closely tied to natural resources. We use an ex-ante policy simulation tool,more »
2. Sustainable provision of food, energy and clean water requires understanding of the interdependencies among systems as well as the motivations and incentives of farmers and rural policy makers. Agriculture lies at the heart of interactions among food, energy and water systems. It is an increasingly energy intensive enterprise, but is also a growing source of energy. Agriculture places large demands on water supplies while poor practices can degrade water quality. Each of these interactions creates opportunities for modeling driven by sensor-based and qualitative data collection to improve the effectiveness of system operation and control in the short term as wellmore »
3. The overexploitation of coral reef fisheries threatens the persistence of reef ecosystems and the livelihoods and food security of millions of people. Market-based initiatives to increase fisheries sustainability have been widely implemented in industrialized commodity fisheries, but the suitability of these initiatives for coral reef fisheries has not been systematically investigated. Here, we present a typology of market-based interventions and coral reef fisheries sectors and identity promising approaches for each fishery archetype. For high value, export-oriented reef fisheries that are highly unsustainable (live reef food fish and dried sea cucumbers), traditional regulatory efforts including trade restrictions will be most effective.more »
4. Small pelagic fish support some of the largest fisheries globally, yet there is an ongoing debate about the magnitude of the impacts of environmental processes and fishing activities on target species. We use a nonparametric, nonlinear approach to quantify these effects on the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the Gulf of California. We show that the effect of fishing pressure and environmental variability are comparable. Furthermore, when predicting total catches, the best models account for both drivers. By using empirical dynamic programming with average environmental conditions, we calculated optimal policies to ensure long-term sustainable fisheries. The first policy, the equilibriummore »
5. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is typically used to enhance the agricultural water supply but may also be promising to maintain summer streamflows and temperatures for cold-water fish. An existing aquifer model, water temperature data, and analysis of water administration were used to assess potential benefits of MAR to cold-water fisheries in Idaho’s Snake River. This highly-regulated river supports irrigated agriculture worth US $10 billion and recreational trout fisheries worth$100 million. The assessment focused on the Henry’s Fork Snake River, which receives groundwater from recharge incidental to irrigation and from MAR operations 8 km from the river, addressing (1) themore » | 2022-06-28T04:01:05 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.2533469498157501, "perplexity": 7743.291972424658}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103347800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628020322-20220628050322-00738.warc.gz"} |
https://www.anl.gov/argonne-scientific-publications/pub/145262 | Publication
# Estimating cost and energy demand in producing Lithium hexaf
### Authors
Susarla, Naresh; Ahmed, Shabbir
### Abstract
In this work, the production of Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) for Lithium-ion battery application is studied. Spreadsheet-based process models are developed to simulate three different production processes. These process models are then used to estimate and analyze the factors affecting cost of manufacturing, energy demand, and environmental impact due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results indicate that in a facility with a capacity of making 10,000 metric tons per year of LiPF6 the cost of production is around $20 per kg of LiPF6, energy consumption is around 30 GWh per year, and the emission of greenhouse gases in CO2-equivalent gases is around 80 metric tons per day. The impact of change in process and economic parameters on the cost of production, energy demand, and emissions is studied. In addition, a few insights on reducing the cost of production are presented. Finally, the impact of varying LiPF6 costs on the overall cost of a Li-ion battery ($ kWh-1) is presented.
CSE
2019
Article | 2019-08-21T06:58:48 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5796419382095337, "perplexity": 3181.6855425089516}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315811.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20190821065413-20190821091413-00282.warc.gz"} |
https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess121_2015-2016/sj15/20150514.htm | South Carolina General Assembly
121st Session, 2015-2016
Journal of the Senate
Thursday, May 14, 2015
(Statewide Session)
Indicates Matter Stricken
Indicates New Matter
The Senate assembled at 11:00 A.M., the hour to which it stood adjourned, and was called to order by the PRESIDENT.
A quorum being present, the proceedings were opened with a devotion by the Chaplain as follows:
The writer of Ecclesiastes proclaims:
"So I commend enjoyment, for there is nothing better for people under the sun..." (Ecclesiastes 8:15a)
Bow in prayer with me, please:
How very diligently and determinedly have these Senators labored and even struggled this year, O God. The challenges before them have been huge, and there remains so much more still to be done, to be accomplished, to be settled. As the weekend approaches, we dare to ask, dear Lord, that You will grant to each of these leaders some time to unwind, to relax, to escape from the pressures of non-stop phone calls and e-mails and in the hallway conversations. Allow these Senators genuine opportunities over the next few days to catch their breath, to reconnect with family and friends, and to recharge their batteries. May they then return next week more energized and determined than ever to continue serving the people of South Carolina effectively and well. In Your loving name we pray this, dear Lord. Amen.
The PRESIDENT called for Petitions, Memorials, Presentments of Grand Juries and such like papers.
Point of Quorum
At 11:18 A.M., Senator PEELER made the point that a quorum was not present. It was ascertained that a quorum was present. The Senate resumed.
MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR
The following appointments were transmitted by the Honorable Nikki Randhawa Haley:
Statewide Appointments
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, with the term to commence April 6, 2012, and to expire April 6, 2018
3rd Congressional District:
Brent R. Goodson, 660 Southerlin Road, Pelzer, SC 29699 VICE David M. Oliver
Referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, with the term to commence April 6, 2013, and to expire April 6, 2019
2nd Congressional District:
Ginger D. Macaulay, 1044 Old Orangeburg Road, Lexington, SC 29073 VICE Vanessa B. Brooks
Referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, with the term to commence April 6, 2015, and to expire April 6, 2021
7th Congressional District:
Bethany M. Tapp, 217 Huger Street, Cheraw, SC 29520 VICE Vacant due to redistricting (never filled)
Referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Financial Institutions, with the term to commence June 30, 2012, and to expire June 30, 2016
Banking:
Justin F. Strickland, 623 Brandon Court, Lexington, SC 29072 VICE J. Neal Anderson
Referred to the Committee on Banking and Insurance.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina Commission on Consumer Affairs, with the term to commence September 30, 2014, and to expire September 30, 2018
At-Large, Governor:
Linda C. Gamble, 103 Woodruff Court, Lexington, SC 29072 VICE Wayne Sims (resigned)
Referred to the Committee on Banking and Insurance.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Commission for Minority Affairs, with the term to commence June 30, 2013, and to expire June 30, 2017
1st Congressional District:
Kenneth E. Battle, 8538 Royal Palms Lane, North Charleston, SC 29420 VICE Fred Lincoln
Referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Human Affairs Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2014, and to expire June 30, 2017
2nd Congressional District:
Susan D. Bowers, 500 Tram Road, Columbia, SC 29210 VICE Joe F. Fragale
Referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Human Affairs Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2013, and to expire June 30, 2016
5th Congressional District:
Andrew C. Williams, 2021 Emerald Pines Drive, Tega Cay, SC 29708 VICE A. Barnes Boyle (resigned)
Referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
Reappointment, South Carolina State Housing Finance and Development Authority, with the term to commence August 15, 2012, and to expire August 15, 2016
At-Large:
Kenneth E. Ormand, Jr., 1384 Kathwood Drive, Columbia, SC 29206
Referred to the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Housing Finance and Development Authority, with the term to commence August 15, 2012, and to expire August 15, 2016
At-Large:
Sue Ann Shannon, 204 Horse Guards Lane, Columbia, SC 29229 VICE John S. Hill
Referred to the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Athletic Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2014, and to expire June 30, 2018
7th Congressional District:
James D. Vaught, 1214 Lakeland Drive, Conway, SC 29526 VICE Vacant due to redistricting (never filled)
Referred to the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
Reappointment, South Carolina State Board of Examiners in Speech Pathology and Audiology, with the term to commence June 30, 2012, and to expire June 30, 2016
Audiologist:
Gwendolyn D. Wilson, 2215 Hoffman Drive, Northwest, Orangeburg, SC 29118
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Reappointment, South Carolina State Board of Nursing, with the term to commence December 31, 2013, and to expire December 31, 2017
General Public:
James E. Mallory, 201 West 9th North Street, Box 41, Summerville, SC 29483
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Nursing, with the term to commence December 31, 2013, and to expire December 31, 2017
General Public:
Neil B. Lipsitz, 2612 Harvey Road, Beaufort, SC 29902 VICE Anne Smoak Crook
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Initial Appointment, Medical Disciplinary Commission of the State Board of Medical Examiners, with the term to commence July 1, 2014, and to expire July 1, 2017
5th Congressional District:
David L. O'Neal, 7101 Anchorage Lane, Tega Cay, SC 29708 VICE Vacant (seat never filled)
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Nursing, with the term to commence December 31, 2011, and to expire December 31, 2015
1st Congressional District:
Jaqueline L. Baer, 1828 Four Paws Path, Johns Island, SC 29455 VICE Sylvia M. Whiting (resigned)
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Reappointment, South Carolina State Board of Nursing, with the term to commence December 31, 2015, and to expire December 31, 2019
1st Congressional District:
Jaqueline L. Baer, 1828 Four Paws Path, Johns Island, SC 29455
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Nursing, with the term to commence December 31, 2014, and to expire December 31, 2018
Jan R. Burdette, 116 Stratton Lane, Anderson, SC 29621 VICE Mattie S. Jenkins (resigned)
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Nursing, with the term to commence December 31, 2011, and to expire December 31, 2015
6th Congressional District:
Sonya K. Ehrhardt, 1458 Stacey Bridge Road, Orangeburg, SC 29118 VICE Lisa Cox Irvin (resigned)
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Reappointment, South Carolina State Board of Nursing, with the term to commence December 31, 2015, and to expire December 31, 2019
6th Congressional District:
Sonya K. Ehrhardt, 1458 Stacey Bridge Road, Orangeburg, SC 29118
Referred to the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Local Appointments
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
James A. Turner, 351 Confederate Circle, Charleston, SC 29407
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Henry W. Guerard, 1535 Wakendaw Road, Mount Pleasant, SC 29464
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
JoAnna E. Summey, 5054 Ashby Avenue, North Charleston, SC 29405
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Priscilla B. Baldwin, 10034 South Carolina Road, McClellanville, SC 29458
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Francis Cain-Lofton, Post Office Box 459, McClellanville, SC 29458
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Alvin E. Bligen, Post Office Box 216, Edisto Island, SC 29438
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
David W. Coker, 4322 Patricia Street, North Charleston, SC 29418
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
James B. Gosnell, Jr., 1233 Bamboo Drive, Charleston, SC 29407
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Thomas E. Lynn, 857 Detyens Road, Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Sheryl M. Perry, 7386 Highway162, Hollywood, SC 29449
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Ellen Steinberg, 34 Smith Street, Charleston, SC 29401
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Jennifer B. McCoy, 451 Wampler Drive, Charleston, SC 29412 VICE Richard Lingenfelter, Jr.
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Kelley F. Young, 1829 Towne Street, Johns Island, SC 29455 VICE Pricilla Baldwin
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Ittriss Jermain Jenkins, 16 Dewey Street, Charleston, SC 29403 VICE Stephanie Ganaway-Pasley
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Martelle T. Morrison, 1515 Roach Road, Hollywood, SC 29449 VICE Jacquetta Jones
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Richardine L. Singleton-Brown, 2172 Edward D. Singleton Drive, Charleston, SC 29412 VICE New Seat
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Leroy Linen, 6113 Judge Linen Lane, Wadmalaw Island, SC 29487
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Marshal B. Rawl, 2568 River Road, Johns Island, SC 29455
REGULATION WITHDRAWN AND RESUBMITTED
Document No. 4475
Agency: Department of Employment and Workforce
Chapter: 47
Statutory Authority: 1976 Code Sections 41-29-110 and 41-31-45(C)
SUBJECT: Unemployment Trust Fund
Received by Lieutenant Governor February 3, 2015
Referred to Labor, Commerce and Industry Committee
Legislative Review Expiration June 3, 2015
May 14, 2015 Withdrawn and Resubmitted
Doctor of the Day
Senator YOUNG introduced Dr. Anthony Harris of Aiken, S.C., Doctor of the Day.
Leave of Absence
On motion of Senator CAMPSEN, at 11:20 A.M., Senator CROMER was granted a leave of absence for the balance of the day.
Leave of Absence
On motion of Senator GROOMS, at 11:39 A.M., Senator CAMPBELL was granted a leave of absence for the balance of the day.
Leave of Absence
On motion of Senator O'DELL, at 12:30 P.M., Senator HAYES was granted a leave of absence for the balance of the day.
Leave of Absence
At 1:32 P.M., Senator COURSON requested a leave of absence for the balance of the day.
Leave of Absence
At 1:33 P.M., Senator SHANE MARTIN requested a leave of absence beginning at 1:57 P.M.
RECALLED
H. 3905 (Word version) -- Rep. Hayes: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE BRIDGE THAT CROSSES THE LITTLE PEE DEE RIVER ALONG SOUTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY 57 IN DILLON COUNTY "MCINNIS BRIDGE" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE MARKERS OR SIGNS AT THIS BRIDGE THAT CONTAIN THIS DESIGNATION.
Senator WILLIAMS asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Concurrent Resolution from the Committee on Transportation.
The Concurrent Resolution was recalled from the Committee on Transportation and ordered placed on the Calendar for consideration tomorrow.
RECALLED
H. 3924 (Word version) -- Reps. Hayes, George and McEachern: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE PORTION OF E. REAVES AVENUE FROM ITS INTERSECTION WITH FOREST DRIVE TO ITS INTERSECTION WITH JOAN DRIVE, THE PORTION OF JOAN DRIVE FROM ITS INTERSECTION WITH E. REAVES AVENUE TO ITS INTERSECTION WITH STAFFORD COURT, AND THE PORTION OF STAFFORD COURT FROM ITS INTERSECTION WITH JOAN DRIVE TO ITS INTERSECTION WITH UNITED STATES HIGHWAY 301 "SUPERINTENDENT D. RAY ROGERS II WAY" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE MARKERS OR SIGNS AT THE INTERSECTION OF FOREST DRIVE AND E. REAVES AVENUE AND AT THE INTERSECTION OF UNITED STATES HIGHWAY 301 AND STAFFORD COURT THAT CONTAIN THIS DESIGNATION.
Senator WILLIAMS asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Concurrent Resolution from the Committee on Transportation.
The Concurrent Resolution was recalled from the Committee on Transportation and ordered placed on the Calendar for consideration tomorrow.
RECALLED
H. 4008 (Word version) -- Rep. Hayes: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE INTERSECTION LOCATED AT THE JUNCTURE OF CALHOUN STREET AND MCARTHUR AVENUE IN THE TOWN OF DILLON "MAJOR BETHEA INTERSECTION" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE MARKERS OR SIGNS AT THIS INTERSECTION THAT CONTAIN THIS DESIGNATION.
Senator WILLIAMS asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Concurrent Resolution from the Committee on Transportation.
The Concurrent Resolution was recalled from the Committee on Transportation and ordered placed on the Calendar for consideration tomorrow.
INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
The following were introduced:
S. 775 (Word version) -- Senators L. Martin, McElveen and Johnson: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE FORMER SPEAKER OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, THE HONORABLE RAMON SCHWARTZ, JR., UPON THE OCCASION OF HIS NINETIETH BIRTHDAY, AND TO PROCLAIM MAY 25, 2015, "RAMON SCHWARTZ DAY" IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
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S. 776 (Word version) -- Senator Hembree: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE REVEREND DR. JAMES CALHOUN EVANS, PASTOR OF POPULAR AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN LONGS, UPON THE OCCASION OF HIS RETIREMENT, AND TO WISH HIM MUCH SUCCESS AND HAPPINESS IN ALL HIS FUTURE ENDEAVORS.
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S. 777 (Word version) -- Senators Malloy and Bennett: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 62-5-436 SO AS TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR MATTERS INVOLVING PAYMENT OF BENEFITS FROM THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS AND TO DEFINE RELEVANT TERMS; TO AMEND SECTION 62-1-201, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA PROBATE CODE, SO AS TO DEFINE THE TERM "VA" AND TO MAKE OTHER TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 62-5-404, RELATING TO THE ORIGINAL PETITION FOR APPOINTMENT OR PROTECTIVE ORDER, SO AS TO REQUIRE THE PETITION TO SHOW THAT THE PERSON TO BE PROTECTED HAS BEEN RATED INCOMPETENT BY THE VA AND TO PROVIDE THAT THE PETITION SHALL STATE THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PERSON TO BE NOTIFIED ON BEHALF OF THE VA; TO AMEND SECTION 62-5-405, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO SERVICE OF SUMMONS AND PETITIONS, NOTICE OF HEARING, AND WAIVER OF NOTICE BY THE PERSON TO BE PROTECTED, SO AS TO REQUIRE SERVICE UPON THE VA AND NOTICE OF THE HEARING IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES; TO AMEND SECTION 62-5-407, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO PROCEDURES CONCERNING THE HEARING AND ORDER ON ORIGINAL PETITION, SO AS TO CLARIFY CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN CASES INVOLVING PAYMENT OF BENEFITS FROM THE VA; AND TO REPEAL PART 6, ARTICLE 5, CHAPTER 5, TITLE 62 RELATING TO THE UNIFORM VETERANS' GUARDIANSHIP ACT.
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Senator MALLOY spoke on the Bill.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
S. 778 (Word version) -- Senator Malloy: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 8 TO TITLE 62 SO AS TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA UNIFORM POWER OF ATTORNEY ACT"; TO DEFINE APPLICABLE TERMS; TO OUTLINE THE ARTICLE'S REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICABILITY, AND TO PROVIDE EXCEPTIONS; TO AMEND PART 5, ARTICLE 5, TITLE 62, RELATING TO POWERS OF ATTORNEY, SO AS TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA STATUTORY HEALTH CARE POWER OF ATTORNEY ACT"; TO DEFINE APPLICABLE TERMS; TO OUTLINE THE PART'S REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICABILITY; TO PROVIDE EXECUTION AND WITNESS REQUIREMENTS; AND TO SPECIFY THE PROPER FORM OF A HEALTH CARE POWER OF ATTORNEY.
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Senator MALLOY spoke on the Bill.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
S. 779 (Word version) -- Senators Setzler, Shealy, Courson, Cromer and Massey: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND HONOR BRYAN "JAY" KOON FOR HIS OUTSTANDING CAREER IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND TO CONGRATULATE HIM FOR BEING ELECTED AS THE THIRTY-NINTH SHERIFF OF LEXINGTON COUNTY.
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S. 780 (Word version) -- Senator McElveen: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-13-1630 (A) THROUGH (D) OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE SALE AND TRAFFICKING IN FISH, TO PROVIDE THAT THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MAY ISSUE PERMITS FOR THE RELEASE OR STOCKING OF STERILE WHITE AMUR, GRASS CARP, OR GRASS CARP HYBRIDS IN THIS STATE AND TO UPDATE NECESSARY TERMS.
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Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Fish, Game and Forestry.
S. 781 (Word version) -- Senators McElveen and Malloy: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND HONOR THE REVEREND EDDIE C. THOMAS, JR., PRESIDENT OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN ORGANIZATION, FOR HIS TWENTY YEARS OF OUTSTANDING COMMUNITY SERVICE THROUGH THAT FINE INSTITUTION AND TO WISH HIM WELL AS HE CONTINUES TO SERVE THE PEOPLE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
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S. 782 (Word version) -- Senator Sabb: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND COMMEND SOLLIE E. COOPER, JR., MEMBER OF THE SANTEE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE INC. BOARD OF TRUSTEES, UPON THE OCCASION OF HIS RETIREMENT FROM THE BOARD AND TO WISH HIM CONTINUED SUCCESS AND HAPPINESS IN ALL HIS FUTURE ENDEAVORS.
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The Concurrent Resolution was adopted, ordered sent to the House.
S. 783 (Word version) -- Senator Coleman: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE COACH JOE PITT, ATHLETIC DIRECTOR AND HEAD BASKETBALL COACH OF RICHARD WINN ACADEMY, UPON THE OCCASION OF HIS INDUCTION INTO THE SOUTH CAROLINA BASKETBALL COACHES ASSOCIATION'S HALL OF FAME.
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The Concurrent Resolution was adopted, ordered sent to the House.
S. 784 (Word version) -- Senator McElveen: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND HONOR MRS. MARY DEVAUGHN LEE-ALSTON OF SUMTER FOR HER MANY YEARS OF SERVICE TO SUMTER COUNTY AND TO SUMTER COUNTY SCHOOLS.
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H. 4159 (Word version) -- Rep. Anthony: A BILL TO AMEND ACT 164 OF 2003, RELATING TO THE NINE DEFINED SINGLE-MEMBER ELECTION DISTRICTS FROM WHICH THE MEMBERS OF THE UNION COUNTY BOARD OF SCHOOL TRUSTEES ARE ELECTED, SO AS TO REAPPORTION THE ELECTION DISTRICTS, TO DESIGNATE A MAP NUMBER ON WHICH THESE SINGLE-MEMBER ELECTION DISTRICTS ARE DELINEATED, AND TO PROVIDE DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE REAPPORTIONED ELECTION DISTRICTS.
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Local and Uncontested Calendar.
H. 4166 (Word version) -- Reps. Pitts and Willis: A BILL TO AMEND ACT 779 OF 1988, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO LAURENS COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICTS 55 AND 56, SO AS TO REAPPORTION THE SEVEN SINGLE-MEMBER ELECTION DISTRICTS FROM WHICH MEMBERS OF LAURENS COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT 56 MUST BE ELECTED, TO DESIGNATE A MAP NUMBER ON WHICH THESE SINGLE-MEMBER ELECTION DISTRICTS ARE DELINEATED, AND TO PROVIDE DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE REAPPORTIONED ELECTION DISTRICTS.
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Local and Uncontested Calendar.
H. 4182 (Word version) -- Rep. Rutherford: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO EXPRESS THE PROFOUND SORROW OF THE MEMBERS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY UPON THE PASSING OF CAROLYN "CARRIE" WASHINGTON AND TO EXTEND THEIR DEEPEST SYMPATHY TO HER LARGE AND LOVING FAMILY AND HER MANY FRIENDS.
The Concurrent Resolution was adopted, ordered returned to the House.
REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES
Senator COURSON from the Committee on Education submitted a favorable with amendment report on:
S. 484 (Word version) -- Senators Shealy, Jackson and Cleary: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 59-10-310 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL FOOD SERVICE MEALS AND COMPETITIVE FOOD REQUIREMENTS, TO PROVIDE THAT ALL SCHOOL SERVICE MEALS AND COMPETITIVE FOODS PROVIDED IN KINDERGARTEN THROUGH TWELFTH GRADE DURING THE ACADEMIC SCHOOL YEAR MUST MEET OR MAY EXCEED THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ESTABLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, TO PROVIDE THAT A SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD OF TRUSTEES MAY ADOPT A MORE RESTRICTIVE POLICY AND THE POLICY DOES NOT RESTRICT THE FOOD A PARENT OR GUARDIAN MAY PROVIDE FOR STUDENT CONSUMPTION AT SCHOOL, AND TO PROVIDE THAT ALL A LA CARTE ITEMS SOLD FOR STUDENT CONSUMPTION MUST BE INCLUDED ON SCHOOL MENUS IN ADDITION TO THE REGULAR MEAL; TO AMEND SECTION 59-10-330(B), RELATING TO THE COORDINATED SCHOOL HEALTH ADVISORY COUNCIL AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH WELLNESS PLANS, TO PROVIDE THAT THE SCHOOL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT PLAN MUST REPORT COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS CONTAINED IN SECTION 59-10-310.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator COURSON from the Committee on Education submitted a favorable with amendment report on:
S. 703 (Word version) -- Senator Hayes: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 59-40-50, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO EXEMPTIONS OF CHARTER SCHOOLS FROM CERTAIN PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO PUBLIC SCHOOLS, THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF A CHARTER SCHOOL, AND ADMISSIONS TO CHARTER SCHOOLS, SO AS TO AUTHORIZE A SCHOOL LEADER TO BE HIRED TO ASSIST WITH THE DAILY OPERATION OF THE SCHOOL, TO PROVIDE THAT EMPLOYEES, BOARD MEMBERS, AND STAFF OF THE CHARTER SCHOOL ARE SUBJECT TO THE ETHICS AND GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO PUBLIC MEMBERS AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES, AND TO REQUIRE A STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE TO BE FILED ANNUALLY WITH THE SCHOOL'S SPONSOR AND THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Appointments Reported
Senator ALEXANDER from the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry submitted a favorable report on:
Statewide Appointments
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Barber Examiners, with the term to commence June 30, 2011, and to expire June 30, 2015
Master Haircare Specialist:
Edwin C. Barnes, 393 A Park Road, Lexington, SC 29072
Reappointment, South Carolina State Board of Barber Examiners, with the term to commence June 30, 2015, and to expire June 30, 2019
Master Haircare Specialist:
Edwin C. Barnes, 393 A Park Road, Lexington, SC 29072
Initial Appointment, Donate Life South Carolina, with the term to commence April 1, 2015, and to expire April 1, 2019
At-Large:
John P. Brogan, 279 Bamberg Drive, Bluffton, SC 29910 VICE Gregory J. Hart (resigned)
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Housing Finance and Development Authority, with the term to commence August 15, 2014, and to expire August 15, 2018
At-Large/Chairman:
Donald R. Tomlin, Jr., 4500 Fort Jackson Boulevard, Columbia, SC 29209 VICE Christopher N. Union
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Housing Finance and Development Authority, with the term to commence August 15, 2014, and to expire August 15, 2018
At-Large:
Bradley J. Allen, 6206 Lakeshore Drive, Columbia, SC 29206 VICE Earnest Magaro, Jr.
Reappointment, South Carolina Real Estate Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2014, and to expire June 30, 2018
General Public:
George. H. O'Kelley III, 104 Mary Ellen Drive, Charleston, SC 29403
Reappointment, South Carolina State Board of Barber Examiners, with the term to commence June 30, 2015, and to expire June 30, 2019
Barber:
Patricia C. Durkin, 601 Main Street, Number 130, Columbia, SC 29201
Appointments Reported
Senator GROOMS from the Committee on Transportation submitted a favorable report on:
Statewide Appointments
Reappointment, South Carolina State Ports Authority, with the term to commence March 19, 2014, and to expire March 19, 2019
At-Large:
Whitemarsh S. Smith, 12 Greenhill Street, Charleston, SC 29401
Reappointment, South Carolina State Ports Authority, with the term to commence February 13, 2015, and to expire February 13, 2020
At-Large:
William H. Stern, 2134 Bermuda Hills, Columbia, SC 29223
Reappointment, South Carolina State Ports Authority, with the term to commence February 13, 2015, and to expire February 13, 2020
At-Large:
Pamela P. Lackey, 1672 Tanglewood Road, Columbia, SC 29204
Reappointment, South Carolina State Ports Authority, with the term to commence February 13, 2015, and to expire February 13, 2020
Willie E. Jeffries, 85 Nance Drive, Elloree, SC 29047
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Ports Authority, with the term to commence February 13, 2015, and to expire February 13, 2020
At-Large:
Richard L. Stanley, 14 Ramsford Lane, Simpsonville, SC 29681 VICE John Fleming Hassell III
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Ports Authority, with the term to commence June 4, 2013, and to expire June 4, 2018
At-Large:
Kurt D. Grindstaff, 7 Catboat, Hilton Head Island, SC 29928 VICE Honorable Henry McMaster
HOUSE CONCURRENCES
S. 767 (Word version) -- Senator Sheheen: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE J.G. "PETE" OWENS OF CHESTERFIELD UPON THE OCCASION OF HIS RETIREMENT FROM THE AREA COMMISSION OF NORTHEASTERN TECHNICAL COLLEGE AND TO WISH HIM CONTINUED SUCCESS AND HAPPINESS IN ALL HIS FUTURE ENDEAVORS.
Returned with concurrence.
S. 770 (Word version) -- Senator Verdin: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND COMMEND THE PENDLETON FARMERS SOCIETY UPON THE OCCASION OF ITS TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY ON JUNE 12, 2015.
Returned with concurrence.
S. 773 (Word version) -- Senator Hutto: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE THE SOUTHERN CAROLINA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ALLIANCE AND ITS AFFILIATED LEADERSHIP TEAM FOR ITS UNIFYING VISION TO COORDINATE AND WIN A FEDERAL PROMISE ZONE DESIGNATION THAT WILL CREATE JOBS, INCREASE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, AND REDUCE VIOLENT CRIME.
Returned with concurrence.
S. 461 (Word version) -- Senator Pinckney: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE PORTION OF UNITED STATES HIGHWAY 17 IN JASPER COUNTY FROM ITS INTERSECTION WITH CROWFIELD ROAD TO ITS INTERSECTION WITH HIGHWAY S-27-29 "THOMAS E. MILLER BOULEVARD" AND ERECT APPROPRIATE MARKERS OR SIGNS ALONG THIS PORTION OF HIGHWAY THAT CONTAIN THE WORDS "THOMAS E. MILLER BOULEVARD".
Returned with concurrence.
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO A CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED LOCAL AND STATEWIDE CALENDAR.
SENT TO THE HOUSE
The following Joint Resolution was read the third time and ordered sent to the House of Representatives:
S. 739 (Word version) -- Medical Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, RELATING TO ATHLETIC TRAINERS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4496, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
The following Bills, having been read the second time, were ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar:
H. 3656 (Word version) -- Reps. Yow, Henegan and Lucas: A BILL TO AMEND ACT 205 OF 1993, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE DISTRICT BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CHESTERFIELD COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT, SO AS TO REVISE THE DATE FOR ELECTIONS FOR TRUSTEES, THE FILING PERIOD FOR DECLARATIONS OF CANDIDACY, AND THE TIME IN WHICH BOARD MEMBERS TAKE OFFICE.
H. 4014 (Word version) -- Reps. Gambrell, Gagnon, Hill, Putnam, Thayer and White: A BILL TO AMEND ACT 509 OF 1982, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE ANDERSON COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, SO AS TO CHANGE THE METHOD OF ELECTING FOUR OF THE FIVE MEMBERS OF THE ANDERSON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT 3 BOARD OF TRUSTEES FROM RESIDENCY AREAS TO SINGLE-MEMBER DISTRICTS.
S. 741 (Word version) -- Medical Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, RELATING TO STANDARDS FOR LICENSING COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITIES, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4484, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Joint Resolution, the question being the second reading of the Joint Resolution.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 39; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Davis Fair Grooms
Hayes Hutto Jackson
Johnson Kimpson Leatherman
Lourie Malloy Martin, Larry
Martin, Shane Massey Matthews
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Rankin Reese
Sabb Scott Setzler
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Williams Young
Total--39
NAYS
Total--0
The Joint Resolution was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 742 (Word version) -- Medical Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, RELATING TO SHELLFISH, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4483, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Joint Resolution, the question being the second reading of the Joint Resolution.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 39; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Davis Fair Grooms
Hayes Hutto Jackson
Johnson Kimpson Leatherman
Lourie Malloy Martin, Larry
Martin, Shane Massey Matthews
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Rankin Reese
Sabb Scott Setzler
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Williams Young
Total--39
NAYS
Total--0
The Joint Resolution was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
H. 3914 (Word version) -- Medical, Military, Public and Municipal Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, RELATING TO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS (TITLE C), DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4482, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Joint Resolution, the question being the second reading of the Joint Resolution.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 39; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Davis Fair Grooms
Hayes Hutto Jackson
Johnson Kimpson Leatherman
Lourie Malloy Martin, Larry
Martin, Shane Massey Matthews
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Rankin Reese
Sabb Scott Setzler
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Williams Young
Total--39
NAYS
Total--0
The Joint Resolution was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
POINT OF ORDER
H. 3186 (Word version) -- Reps. Finlay, Cole, Anderson, Bales, G.A. Brown, R.L. Brown, Felder, Funderburk, Hart, Knight, Lucas, Murphy, Newton, Norman, Norrell, Pope, Putnam, Rivers, Southard, Spires, Tallon, Taylor, Wells, Williams, Willis, Long, Henderson, G.R. Smith, G.M. Smith, McCoy, Clary, J.E. Smith, W.J. McLeod, Weeks, Whipper, Hicks, Atwater, Ballentine and Stavrinakis: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 8-13-100, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS IN REGARD TO ETHICS AND GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY, SO AS TO REVISE THE DEFINITION OF "BUSINESS WITH WHICH HE IS ASSOCIATED"; AND TO AMEND SECTION 8-13-1120, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO CONTENTS OF STATEMENTS OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS, SO AS TO REVISE THE FORM AND REQUIRED CONTENTS OF STATEMENTS OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS.
Point of Order
Senator SHANE MARTIN raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Bill had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
POINT OF ORDER
H. 3188 (Word version) -- Reps. Finlay, Cole, Anderson, Bales, G.A. Brown, R.L. Brown, Felder, Funderburk, Hart, Knight, Lucas, Murphy, Newton, Norman, Norrell, Pope, Putnam, Rivers, Southard, Spires, Tallon, Taylor, Wells, Williams, Willis, Long, Douglas, Henderson, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, McCoy, Clary, Weeks, W.J. McLeod, J.E. Smith, Whipper and Erickson: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 8-13-1314, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION LIMITS AND RESTRICTIONS, SO AS TO PROHIBIT CONTRIBUTIONS FROM CERTAIN NONCANDIDATE COMMITTEES; AND TO AMEND SECTION 8-13-1340, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO RESTRICTIONS ON CONTRIBUTIONS BY ONE CANDIDATE TO ANOTHER AND COMMITTEES ESTABLISHED, FINANCED, MAINTAINED, OR CONTROLLED BY A CANDIDATE, SO AS TO DELETE THE CONTRIBUTION RESTRICTION EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF COMMITTEES.
Point of Order
Senator SHANE MARTIN raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Bill had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
POINT OF ORDER
H. 3193 (Word version) -- Reps. Cole, Finlay, Newton, Pope, Anderson, Bales, G.A. Brown, R.L. Brown, Felder, Funderburk, Hart, Knight, Lucas, Murphy, Norman, Norrell, Putnam, Rivers, Southard, Spires, Tallon, Taylor, Wells, Williams, Willis, Long, Henderson, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, McCoy, Clary, J.E. Smith, Hicks and Weeks: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 8-13-1320, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE ATTRIBUTION OF CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS TO SPECIFIC TYPES OF ELECTIONS, SO AS TO REVISE THE MANNER IN WHICH CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS ARE ATTRIBUTED TO A PRIMARY ELECTION AND TO A PRIMARY ELECTION RUNOFF.
Point of Order
Senator SHANE MARTIN raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Bill had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
POINT OF ORDER
H. 3200 (Word version) -- Reps. Cole, Finlay, Newton, Pope, Anderson, Bales, G.A. Brown, R.L. Brown, Felder, Funderburk, Hart, Knight, Lucas, Murphy, Norman, Norrell, Putnam, Rivers, Southard, Spires, Tallon, Taylor, Wells, Williams, Willis, Long, Henderson, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, McCoy, Clary, J.E. Smith, Hicks and Jefferson: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 8-13-756 SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT CERTAIN PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO USE OF OFFICIAL POSITION OR OFFICE FOR FINANCIAL GAIN, REPORTING OF PARTICULAR GIFTS, RESTRICTIONS ON FUTURE EMPLOYMENT AND RELATED PROVISIONS, DO NOT APPLY TO A PUBLIC EMPLOYEE OF AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION WHO PARTICIPATES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THAT BENEFITS THE INSTITUTION AND THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, IF THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION RETAINS SOME ROYALTY RIGHTS TO THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
Point of Order
Senator SHANE MARTIN raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Bill had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
POINT OF ORDER
H. 3215 (Word version) -- Reps. Govan, Robinson-Simpson and Willis: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO CREATE A STUDY COMMITTEE TO REFORM ALIMONY, TO PROVIDE FOR MEMBERSHIP OF THE STUDY COMMITTEE AND THE METHOD OF APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS, TO REQUIRE THE STUDY COMMITTEE TO PREPARE A REPORT WITH FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, AND TO INCLUDE A SUNSET PROVISION FOR THE STUDY COMMITTEE.
Point of Order
Senator SHANE MARTIN raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Joint Resolution had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
POINT OF ORDER
H. 3846 (Word version) -- Reps. Yow and Henegan: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO AUTHORIZE THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD, OR ITS SUCCESSOR STATE AGENCY, TO TRANSFER OWNERSHIP OF THE CHERAW NATIONAL GUARD ARMORY TO THE TOWN OF CHERAW.
Point of Order
Senator SHANE MARTIN raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Joint Resolution had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
S. 658 (Word version) -- Senators Cleary and Kimpson: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO COMMEND AND SUPPORT TAIWAN'S DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, ITS CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES, AND THE NATION'S MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION IN THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION, AND THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, AS WELL AS OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND TO EXTEND THEIR MOST SINCERE BEST WISHES FOR CONTINUED COOPERATION AND SUCCESS.
CARRIED OVER
S. 740 (Word version) -- Medical Affairs Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, RELATING TO STANDARDS FOR WASTEWATER FACILITY CONSTRUCTION, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4485, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
Senator CLEARY explained the Joint Resolution.
On motion of Senator SETZLER, the Joint Resolution was carried over.
OBJECTION
H. 3266 (Word version) -- Reps. Hiott, Bannister, Brannon, Erickson, Henderson, Collins, Sandifer, Corley, Tallon, Taylor, Thayer, Wells, Felder, Kirby, Hixon, Hodges, Riley, Ott, Goldfinch, Hardee, Gagnon, Pitts, Finlay, Southard, D.C. Moss, Chumley, Yow, Huggins, Kennedy, Rivers and White: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING CHAPTER 82 TO TITLE 15 SO AS TO ESTABLISH THE "TRESPASSER RESPONSIBILITY ACT" WHICH PROVIDES A LIMITATION ON LIABILITY BY LAND POSSESSORS TO TRESPASSERS, AND TO PROVIDE EXCEPTIONS.
Senator SHANE MARTIN objected to consideration of the Bill.
OBJECTION
H. 3304 (Word version) -- Reps. Brannon, Allison, Cole, Hicks, Tallon, Nanney, Henderson, Loftis, Hamilton, Stringer, Bannister and Putnam: A BILL TO CREATE THE LANDRUM FIRE AND RESCUE DISTRICT IN GREENVILLE AND SPARTANBURG COUNTIES, TO ESTABLISH A GOVERNING COMMISSION, AND TO PRESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.
Senator SHANE MARTIN objected to consideration of the Bill.
OBJECTION
S. 505 (Word version) -- Senators L. Martin, Hembree and Shealy: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 24-21-440, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO PERIODS OF PROBATION, SO AS TO TOLL THE PERIOD DURING PERIODS OF CIVIL COMMITMENT; TO AMEND SECTION 24-21-560, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO COMMUNITY SUPERVISION PROGRAMS, SO AS TO TOLL THE COMMUNITY SUPERVISION PERIOD DURING PERIODS OF CIVIL COMMITMENT; AND TO AMEND SECTION 24-21-670, RELATING TO PERIODS OF PAROLE, SO AS TO TOLL THE PAROLE PERIOD DURING PERIODS OF CIVIL COMMITMENT.
Senator SHANE MARTIN objected to consideration of the Bill.
THE CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED CALENDAR HAVING BEEN COMPLETED, THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO THE MOTION PERIOD.
MOTION TO RECALL FAILED
S. 105 (Word version) -- Senators Bright, Bryant, S. Martin, Corbin, Grooms and Verdin: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA CONSTITUTIONAL CARRY ACT OF 2015", TO AMEND SECTION 16-23-20, RELATING TO OFFENSES INVOLVING WEAPONS, TO CHANGE THE OFFENSE OF UNLAWFULLY CARRYING A HANDGUN TO CARRYING A HANDGUN WITH INTENT TO COMMIT A CRIME; TO REPEAL SECTION 16-23-460, RELATING TO THE OFFENSE OF CARRYING A CONCEALED WEAPON; TO AMEND SECTION 23-31-220, RELATING TO SIGNS AND THE RIGHT TO ALLOW OR PERMIT CONCEALED WEAPONS UPON PREMISES, TO REMOVE REFERENCES TO CONCEALED WEAPONS PERMITS AND TO ALLOW A PRIVATE EMPLOYER OR OWNER TO ALLOW OR PROHIBIT ANYONE FROM CARRYING A WEAPON UPON HIS PREMISES BY PROVIDING NOTICE WITH A SIGN; TO AMEND SECTION 23-31-225, RELATING TO CARRYING CONCEALED WEAPONS INTO RESIDENCES OR DWELLINGS, TO REMOVE REFERENCES TO CONCEALED WEAPONS PERMITS AND TO PROHIBIT ANY PERSON FROM ENTERING A RESIDENCE OR DWELLING OF ANOTHER WITH A WEAPON WITHOUT PERMISSION; AND TO AMEND SECTION 23-31-240, RELATING TO PERSONS WHO ARE ALLOWED TO CARRY A WEAPON ANYWHERE IN THE STATE WHILE ON DUTY, TO INCLUDE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.
Senator SHANE MARTIN moved to recall S. 105 from the Committee on Judiciary and place it on the calendar.
Senator LEATHERMAN moved to table the motion.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 23; Nays 15
AYES
Alexander Campsen Coleman
Courson Hayes Hembree
Hutto Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Lourie
Martin, Larry Massey Matthews
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Rankin Reese Scott
Sheheen Williams
Total--23
NAYS
Bennett Bright Bryant
Corbin Davis Fair
Grooms Malloy Martin, Shane
Peeler Shealy Thurmond
Turner Verdin Young
Total--15
The motion to recall was tabled.
At 12:05 P.M., on motion of Senator LEATHERMAN, the Senate agreed to dispense with the balance of the Motion Period.
HAVING DISPENSED WITH THE MOTION PERIOD, THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO A CONSIDERATION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS RETURNED FROM THE HOUSE.
HOUSE AMENDMENTS AMENDED
RETURNED TO THE HOUSE WITH AMENDMENTS
S. 183 (Word version) -- Senators Hayes and Bryant: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY AMENDING SECTION 16-3-2010, RELATING TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING DEFINITIONS, SO AS TO DEFINE "COERCION"; BY AMENDING SECTION 16-3-2020, RELATING TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING OFFENSES, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A PERSON IS CONSIDERED A TRAFFICKER IF THE PERSON SOLICITS OR PARTICIPATES IN PROSTITUTION WITH ANOTHER PERSON KNOWING THAT THE OTHER PERSON IS A HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIM, TO PROVIDE THAT A VICTIM CONVICTED OF A HUMAN TRAFFICKING VIOLATION OR PROSTITUTION MAY MOTION THE COURT TO VACATE THE CONVICTION, AND TO PROVIDE THAT A VICTIM IS NOT SUBJECT TO PROSECUTION FOR HUMAN TRAFFICKING OR PROSTITUTION IF THE VICTIM WAS A MINOR AT THE TIME OF THE OFFENSE, AND TO PROVIDE THAT A VICTIM'S SEXUAL HISTORY IS NOT ADMISSIBLE BY A DEFENDANT IN A CRIMINAL ACTION; BY AMENDING SECTION 16-3-2030, RELATING TO BUSINESSES AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A COURT MAY CONSIDER DISGORGEMENT OF PROFIT FROM A BUSINESS INVOLVED IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND DISBARMENT FROM GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS; BY AMENDING SECTION 16-3-2040, RELATING TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING RESTITUTION, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE COURT MAY ORDER AN AMOUNT REPRESENTING THE VALUE OF THE VICTIM'S LABOR OR SERVICES; BY AMENDING SECTION 16-3-2050, RELATING TO THE HUMAN TRAFFICKING TASK FORCE, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE TASK FORCE MAY MAKE GRANTS OR CONTRACTS TO DEVELOP OR EXPAND VICTIM SERVICE PROGRAMS; BY AMENDING SECTION 16-3-2060, RELATING TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING CIVIL ACTIONS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A VICTIM'S SEXUAL HISTORY IS NOT ADMISSIBLE BY A DEFENDANT IN A CIVIL ACTION; BY AMENDING SECTION 16-3-2070, RELATING TO VICTIMS' RIGHTS AND THE STATE CRIME VICTIM'S COMPENSATION FUND, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS ARE CONSIDERED VICTIMS REGARDLESS OF IMMIGRATION STATUS, TO PROVIDE THAT THE PICTURES AND IMAGES OF VICTIMS MUST BE KEPT CONFIDENTIAL, AND TO PROVIDE THE PROTOCOL A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER SHALL FOLLOW WHEN INTERACTING WITH A VICTIM; AND BY ADDING SECTION 16-3-2100, SO AS TO REQUIRE THE POSTING OF INFORMATION REGARDING THE NATIONAL HUMAN TRAFFICKING RESOURCE CENTER HOTLINE IN CERTAIN BUSINESSES.
The House returned the Bill with amendments.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being concurrence in the House amendments.
Senator HUTTO explained the House amendments.
Senators HAYES and HUTTO proposed the following amendment (JUD0183.004), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking all after the enacting words and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Section 16-3-2020 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 16-3-2020. (A) A person who recruits, entices, solicits, isolates, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains, or so attempts, a victim, knowing that the victim will be subjected to sex trafficking, forced labor or services, involuntary servitude or debt bondage through any means or who benefits, financially or by receiving anything of value, from participation in a venture which has engaged in an act described in this subsection, is guilty of trafficking in persons.
(B) A person who recruits, entices, solicits, isolates, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains, or so attempts, a victim, for the purposes of sex trafficking, forced labor or services, involuntary servitude or debt bondage through any means or who benefits, financially or by receiving anything of value, from participation in a venture which has engaged in an act described in subsection (A), is guilty of trafficking in persons.
(C) For a first offense, the person is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not more than fifteen years.
(D) For a second offense, the person is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not more than thirty years.
(E) For a third or subsequent offense, the person is guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not more than forty-five years.
(F) If the victim of an offense contained in this section is under the age of eighteen, an additional term of fifteen years may be imposed in addition and must be consecutive to the penalty prescribed for a violation of this section.
(G) A person who aids, abets, or conspires with another person to violate the criminal provisions of this section must be punished in the same manner as provided for the principal offender and is considered a trafficker. A person is considered a trafficker if he knowingly gives, agrees to give, or offers to give anything of value so that any person may engage in commercial sexual activity with another person when he knows that the other person is a victim of trafficking in persons.
(H) A business owner who uses his business in a way that participates in a violation of this article, upon conviction, must be imprisoned for not more than ten years in addition to the penalties provided in this section for each violation.
(I) A plea of guilty or the legal equivalent entered pursuant to a provision of this article by an offender entitles the victim of trafficking in persons to all benefits, rights, and compensation granted pursuant to Section 16-3-1110.
(J) In a prosecution of a person who is a victim of trafficking in persons, it is an affirmative defense that he was under duress or coerced into committing the offenses for which he is subject to prosecution, if the offenses were committed as a direct result of, or incidental or related to, trafficking. A victim of trafficking in persons convicted of a violation of this article or prostitution may motion the court to vacate the conviction and expunge the record of the conviction. The court may grant the motion on a finding that the person's participation in the offense was a direct result of being a victim. A victim of trafficking in persons is not subject to prosecution pursuant to this article or prostitution, if the victim was a minor at the time of the offense and committed the offense as a direct result of, or incidental or related to, trafficking.
(K) Evidence of the following facts or conditions do not constitute a defense in a prosecution for a violation of this article, nor does the evidence preclude a finding of a violation:
(1) the victim's sexual history or history of commercial sexual activity, the specific instances of the victim's sexual conduct, opinion evidence of the victim's sexual conduct, and reputation evidence of the victim's sexual conduct;
(2)(1) the victim's connection by blood or marriage to a defendant in the case or to anyone involved in the victim's trafficking;
(3)(2) the implied or express consent of a victim to acts which violate the provisions of this section do not constitute a defense to violations of this section;
(4)(3) age of consent to sex, legal age of marriage, or other discretionary age; and
(5)(4) mistake as to the victim's age, even if the mistake is reasonable.
(L) A victim's sexual history or history of commercial sexual activity, the specific instances of a victim's sexual conduct, opinion evidence of a victim's sexual conduct, and reputation evidence of a victim's sexual conduct are not admissible by a defendant in a criminal action.
(L)(M) A person who violates the provisions of this section may be prosecuted by the State Grand Jury, pursuant to Section 14-7-1600, when a victim is trafficked in more than one county or a trafficker commits the offense of trafficking in persons in more than one county."
SECTION 2. Section 16-3-2030(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
SECTION 3. Section 16-3-2040(D) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(D) Restitution for this section, pursuant to Section 16-3-1270, means payment for all injuries, specific losses, and expenses, including, but not limited to, attorney's fees, sustained by a crime victim resulting from an offender's criminal conduct pursuant to Section 16-3-1110(12)(a). In addition, the court may order an amount representing the value of the victim's labor or services."
SECTION 4. Section 16-3-2050 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding an appropriately numbered subsection to read:
"( ) To the extent that funds are appropriated, the task force may make grants to or contract with a state agency, local government, or private victim's service organization to develop or expand service programs for victim's. A recipient of a grant or contract shall report annually to the task force the number and demographic information of all victims receiving services pursuant to the grant or contract."
SECTION 5. Section 16-3-2060 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding an appropriately numbered subsection to read:
"( ) A victim's sexual history or history of commercial sexual activity, the specific instances of a victim's sexual conduct, opinion evidence of a victim's sexual conduct, and reputation evidence of a victim's sexual conduct are not admissible by a defendant in a civil action."
SECTION 6. If any section, subsection, item, subitem, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this act is for any reason held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such holding shall not affect the constitutionality or validity of the remaining portions of this act, the General Assembly hereby declaring that it would have passed this act, and each and every section, subsection, item, subitem, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, and word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more other sections, subsections, items, subitems, paragraphs, subparagraphs, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words hereof may be declared to be unconstitutional, invalid, or otherwise ineffective.
SECTION 7. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator HUTTO explained the amendment.
The question then was the adoption of the amendment.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 38; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Campsen Coleman
Corbin Courson Fair
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Lourie
Malloy Martin, Larry Martin, Shane
Massey Matthews McElveen
Nicholson O'Dell Peeler
Rankin Reese Sabb
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--38
NAYS
Total--0
The Bill was ordered returned to the House of Representatives with amendments.
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO THE INTERRUPTED DEBATE.
DEBATE INTERRUPTED
H. 3114 (Word version) -- Reps. Nanney, Hicks, Allison, Atwater, Ballentine, Bannister, Bingham, Brannon, Burns, Chumley, Clary, Corley, H.A. Crawford, Crosby, Daning, Delleney, Erickson, Forrester, Gagnon, Goldfinch, Hamilton, Henderson, Herbkersman, Hiott, Huggins, Kennedy, Limehouse, Loftis, Long, McCoy, Merrill, D.C. Moss, Newton, Pitts, Pope, Quinn, Ryhal, Sandifer, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, Stringer, Tallon, Taylor, Thayer, Yow, Wells, Willis, Hixon, Putnam, Rivers, V.S. Moss, Whitmire, Bedingfield, Hill, Duckworth and Clemmons: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 5 TO CHAPTER 41, TITLE 44 SO AS TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA PAIN-CAPABLE UNBORN CHILD PROTECTION ACT", TO PROVIDE FINDINGS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, TO DEFINE NECESSARY TERMS, TO REQUIRE A PHYSICIAN TO CALCULATE THE PROBABLE POST-FERTILIZATION AGE OF AN UNBORN CHILD BEFORE PERFORMING OR INDUCING AN ABORTION, TO PROVIDE THAT AN ABORTION MAY NOT BE PERFORMED IF THE PROBABLE POST-FERTILIZATION AGE OF THE UNBORN CHILD IS TWENTY OR MORE WEEKS, TO PROVIDE FOR EXCEPTIONS, TO REQUIRE CERTAIN REPORTING BY PHYSICIANS WHO PERFORM ABORTIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, TO REQUIRE THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL TO PREPARE PUBLIC REPORTS THAT PROVIDE DATA ON ABORTIONS PERFORMED IN THE STATE AND TO PROMULGATE REGULATIONS, TO PROVIDE FOR A CIVIL RIGHT OF ACTION FOR CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS AGAINST A PHYSICIAN PERFORMING AN ABORTION IN VIOLATION OF THE ACT AND FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF, TO CREATE CRIMINAL PENALTIES, AND TO PROVIDE THE ACT DOES NOT IMPLICITLY OR OTHERWISE REPEAL ANOTHER PROVISION OF LAW.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Amendment No. P1
Senator GROOMS proposed the following amendment (3114R005.LS.LKG), which was withdrawn:
Amend the committee amendment, as and if amended, page [3114-1], by striking lines 31-34 and inserting:
/ (10) 'Severe fetal anomaly' means that, in reasonable medical judgment, the unborn child has a profound and irremediable congenital or chromosomal anomaly that, despite the provisions of life-preserving treatment, would be incompatible with sustaining life after birth for a reasonable time, not to exceed thirty days. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator HUTTO spoke on the amendment.
Senator HUTTO asked unanimous consent to withdraw Amendment No. P1 and Amendment No. P2.
There was no objection.
Amendment No. P3
Senators HUTTO, GROOMS and SHEALY proposed the following amendment (H-3114-2), which was tabled and reconsidered:
Amend the committee amendment, as and if amended, by striking the committee amendment in its entirety and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Chapter 41, Title 44 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Article 5
South Carolina Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act
Section 44-41-410. This article may be cited as the 'South Carolina Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act'.
Section 44-41-420. The General Assembly makes the following findings:
(1) Pain receptors (nociceptors) are present throughout the unborn child's entire body and nerves link these receptors to the brain's thalamus and subcortical plate by no later than twenty weeks.
(2) By eight weeks after fertilization, the unborn child reacts to touch. After twenty weeks, the unborn child reacts to stimuli that would be recognized as painful if applied to an adult human, for example, by recoiling.
(3) In the unborn child, application of such painful stimuli is associated with significant increases in stress hormones known as the stress response.
(4) Subjection to such painful stimuli is associated with long-term harmful neurodevelopmental effects, such as altered pain sensitivity and, possibly, emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities later in life.
(5) For the purposes of surgery on unborn children, fetal anesthesia is routinely administered and is associated with a decrease in stress hormones compared to their levels when painful stimuli are applied without such anesthesia.
(6) The position, asserted by some medical experts, that the unborn child is incapable of experiencing pain until a point later in pregnancy than twenty weeks after fertilization predominately rests on the assumption that the ability to experience pain depends on the cerebral cortex and requires nerve connections between the thalamus and the cortex. However, recent medical research and analysis, especially since 2007, provides strong evidence for the conclusion that a functioning cortex is not necessary to experience pain.
(7) Substantial evidence indicates that children born missing the bulk of the cerebral cortex, those with hydranencephaly, nevertheless experience pain.
(8) In adults, stimulation or ablation of the cerebral cortex does not alter pain perception, while stimulation or ablation of the thalamus does.
(9) Substantial evidence indicates that structures used for pain processing in early development differ from those of adults, using different neural elements available at specific times during development, such as the subcortical plate, to fulfill the role of pain processing.
(10) The position, asserted by some medical experts, that the unborn child remains in a coma-like sleep state that precludes the unborn child experiencing pain is inconsistent with the documented reaction of unborn children to painful stimuli and with the experience of fetal surgeons who have found it necessary to sedate the unborn child with anesthesia to prevent the unborn child from thrashing about in reaction to invasive surgery.
(11) Consequently, there is substantial medical evidence that an unborn child is capable of experiencing pain by twenty weeks after fertilization.
(12) It is the purpose of the State to assert a compelling state interest in protecting the lives of unborn children from the stage at which substantial medical evidence indicates that they are capable of feeling pain.
(13) South Carolina's compelling state interest in protecting the lives of unborn children from the stage at which substantial medical evidence indicates that they are capable of feeling pain is intended to be separate from and independent of South Carolina's compelling state interest in protecting the lives of unborn children from the stage of viability, and neither state interest is intended to replace the other.
(14) Mindful of Leavitt v. Jane L., 518 U.S. 137 (1996), in which in the context of determining the severability of a state statute regulating abortion, the United States Supreme Court noted that an explicit statement of legislative intent specifically made applicable to a particular statute is of greater weight than a general savings or severability clause, it is the intent of the State that if any one or more provisions, sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases or words of this article or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is found to be unconstitutional, the same is hereby declared to be severable and the balance of this article shall remain effective notwithstanding such unconstitutionality. Moreover, the State declares that it would have passed this article, and each provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more provisions, sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases or words, or any of their applications, were to be declared unconstitutional.
(1) 'Abortion' means the use or prescription of any instrument, medicine, drug, or any other substance or device excluding the use of a contraceptive, an intrauterine device (IUD) or the morning after pill:
(a) to intentionally kill the unborn child of a woman known to be pregnant; or
(b) to intentionally prematurely terminate the pregnancy of a woman known to be pregnant, with an intention other than to increase the probability of a live birth or of preserving the life or health of the child after live birth.
(2) 'Attempt to perform or induce an abortion' means an act, or an omission of a statutorily required act, that, under the circumstances as the actor believes them to be, constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the performance or induction of an abortion in this State in violation of this article.
(3) 'Department' means the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
(4) 'Fertilization' means the fusion of a human spermatozoon with a human ovum.
(5) 'Medical emergency' means a condition that, in reasonable medical judgment, so complicates the medical condition of the pregnant woman that it necessitates the immediate abortion of her pregnancy without first determining post-fertilization age to avert her death or for which the delay necessary to determine post-fertilization age will create serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions. No condition must be considered a medical emergency if based on a claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct which she intends to result in her death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
(6) 'Physician' means any person licensed to practice medicine and surgery or osteopathic medicine and surgery in this State.
(7) 'Post-fertilization age' means the age of the unborn child as calculated from the fusion of a human spermatozoon with a human ovum.
(8) 'Probable post-fertilization age of the unborn child' means what, in reasonable medical judgment, will with reasonable probability be the post-fertilization age of the unborn child at the time the abortion is planned to be performed or induced.
(9) 'Reasonable medical judgment' means a medical judgment that would be made by a reasonably prudent physician, knowledgeable about the case and the treatment possibilities with respect to the medical conditions involved.
(10) 'Severe fetal anomaly' means that, in reasonable medical judgment, the unborn child has a profound and irremediable congenital or chromosomal anomaly that will most likely result in the natural death of the unborn child without life-sustaining medical treatment being administered upon the unborn child's birth.
(11) 'Unborn child' or 'fetus' each means an individual organism of the species homo sapiens from fertilization until live birth.
(11) 'Woman' means a female human being whether or not she has reached the age of majority.
Section 44-41-440. Except in the case of a medical emergency, rape, incest, or severe fetal anomaly no abortion must be performed or induced or be attempted to be performed or induced unless the physician performing or inducing it has first made a determination of the probable post-fertilization age of the unborn child or relied upon such a determination made by another physician. In making such a determination, the physician shall make such inquiries of the woman and perform or cause to be performed such medical examinations and tests as a reasonably prudent physician, knowledgeable about the case and the medical conditions involved, would consider necessary to perform in making an accurate diagnosis with respect to post-fertilization age.
Section 44-41-450. (A) No person shall perform or induce or attempt to perform or induce an abortion upon a woman when it has been determined, by the physician performing or inducing or attempting to perform or induce the abortion or by another physician upon whose determination that physician relies, that the probable post-fertilization age of the woman's unborn child is twenty or more weeks, except in the case of rape, incest, severe fetal anomaly, or in reasonable medical judgment, she has a condition which so complicates her medical condition as to necessitate the abortion of her pregnancy to avert her death or to avert serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions. No such greater risk must be considered to exist if it is based on a claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct which she intends to result in her death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
(B) When an abortion upon a woman whose unborn child has been determined to have a probable post-fertilization age of twenty or more weeks is not prohibited by subsection (A), the physician shall terminate the pregnancy in the manner which, in reasonable medical judgment, provides the best opportunity for the unborn child to survive, unless, in reasonable medical judgment, termination of the pregnancy in that manner would pose a greater risk either of the death of the pregnant woman or of the substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions, of the woman than would other available methods. No such greater risk must be considered to exist if it is based on a claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct which she intends to result in her death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
Section 44-41-460. (A) Any abortion performed in this State must be reported by the licensed facility on the standard form for reporting abortions to the state registrar, Department of Health and Environmental Control, within seven days after the abortion is performed. The names of the patient and physician may not be reported on the form or otherwise disclosed to the state registrar. The form must indicate from whom consent was obtained or circumstances waiving consent and must include:
(1) Post-fertilization age:
(a) if a determination of probable post-fertilization age was made, whether ultrasound was employed in making the determination, and the week of probable post-fertilization age determined; or
(b) if a determination of probable post-fertilization age was not made, the basis of the determination that a medical emergency existed.
(2) Method of abortion, of which the following was employed:
(a) medication abortion such as, but not limited to, mifepristone/misoprostol or methotrexate/misoprostol;
(b) manual vacuum aspiration;
(c) electrical vacuum aspiration;
(d) dilation and evacuation;
(e) combined induction abortion and dilation and evacuation;
(f) induction abortion with prostaglandins;
(g) induction abortion with intra-amniotic instillation such as, but not limited to, saline or urea;
(h) induction abortion; and
(i) intact dilation and extraction (partial-birth).
(3) Whether an intrafetal injection was used in an attempt to induce fetal demise such as, but not limited to, intrafetal potassium chloride or digoxin.
(4) Age of the patient.
(5) If the probable post-fertilization age was determined to be twenty or more weeks, whether the reason for the abortion was a medical emergency, rape, incest, or severe fetal anomaly, and if the reason was a medical emergency, the basis of the determination that the pregnant woman had a condition which so complicated her medical condition as to necessitate the abortion of her pregnancy to avert her death or to avert serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions.
(6) If the probable post-fertilization age was determined to be twenty or more weeks, whether or not the method of abortion used was one that, in reasonable medical judgment, provided the best opportunity for the unborn child to survive and, if such a method was not used, the basis of the determination that termination of the pregnancy in that manner would pose a greater risk either of the death of the pregnant woman or of the substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions, of the woman than would other available methods.
(B) Reports required by subsection (A) shall not contain the name or the address of the patient whose pregnancy was terminated, nor shall the report contain any other information identifying the patient, except that each report shall contain a unique medical record identifying number, to enable matching the report to the patient's medical records. Such reports must be maintained in strict confidence by the department, must not be available for public inspection, and must not be made available except:
(1) to the Attorney General or solicitor with appropriate jurisdiction pursuant to a criminal investigation;
(2) to the Attorney General or solicitor pursuant to a civil investigation of the grounds for an action under Section 44-41-480(B); or
(3) pursuant to court order in an action under Section 44-41-480.
(C) By June thirtieth of each year, the department shall issue a public report providing statistics for the previous calendar year compiled from all of the reports covering that year submitted in accordance with this section for each of the items listed in subsection (A). Each such report also shall provide the statistics for all previous calendar years during which this section was in effect, adjusted to reflect any additional information from late or corrected reports. The department shall take care to ensure that none of the information included in the public reports could reasonably lead to the identification of any pregnant woman upon whom an abortion was performed, induced, or attempted.
(D) Any facility who fails to submit a report by the end of thirty days following the due date must be subject to a late fee of one thousand dollars for each additional thirty-day period or portion of a thirty-day period the report is overdue. Any physician required to report in accordance with this article who has not submitted a report, or has submitted only an incomplete report, more than six months following the due date, may, in an action brought by the department, be directed by a court of competent jurisdiction to submit a complete report within a period stated by court order or be subject to civil contempt. Intentional or reckless failure by any physician to conform to any requirement of this section, other than late filing of a report, constitutes 'unprofessional conduct' pursuant to Section 40-47-20(53). Intentional or reckless failure by any physician to submit a complete report in accordance with a court order constitutes 'unprofessional conduct' pursuant to Section 40-47-20(53). Intentional or reckless falsification of any report required under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by not more than one year in prison.
(E) Within ninety days of the effective date of this article, the Department of Health and Environmental Control shall adopt and promulgate forms and regulations to assist in compliance with this section. Subsection (A) shall take effect so as to require reports regarding all abortions performed or induced on and after the first day of the first calendar month following the effective date of such rules.
Section 44-41-470. Any physician who intentionally or knowingly fails to conform to any requirement in Section 44-41-440 and Section 44-41-450 is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must be fined not less than two thousand dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars or imprisoned for not more than three years, or both. No part of the minimum fine may be suspended. For conviction of a third or subsequent offense, the sentence must be imprisonment for not less than sixty days nor more than three years, no part of which may be suspended.
SECTION 2. This act takes effect upon approval of the Governor. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator GROOMS spoke on the amendment.
Senator BRIGHT moved to lay the amendment on the table.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 30; Nays 10
AYES
Alexander Bennett Bright
Bryant Campsen Cleary
Corbin Courson Davis
Fair Grooms Hembree
Jackson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
McElveen O'Dell Peeler
Reese Setzler Shealy
Sheheen Thurmond Turner
Verdin Williams Young
Total--30
NAYS
Allen Hutto Johnson
Kimpson Lourie Matthews
Nicholson Rankin Sabb
Scott
Total--10
The amendment was laid on the table.
Amendment No. P4
Senator HUTTO proposed the following amendment (3114CBH5), which was withdrawn:
Amend the committee report, as and if amended, page [3114-1], by striking lines 35-37 and inserting:
/ (11) 'fetus' means an individual organism of the species homo sapiens from fertilization after implantation until live birth. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator HUTTO explained the amendment.
Having voted on the prevailing side, Senator GROOMS moved to reconsider the vote whereby Amendment No. P3 was tabled.
Amendment No. P3 was reconsidered.
On motion of Senator HUTTO, Amendment No. P4 was withdrawn.
Amendment No. P3
Senators HUTTO, GROOMS and SHEALY proposed the following amendment (H-3114-2), which was tabled and reconsidered:
Amend the committee amendment, as and if amended, by striking the committee amendment in its entirety and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Chapter 41, Title 44 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Article 5
South Carolina Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act
Section 44-41-410. This article may be cited as the 'South Carolina Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act'.
Section 44-41-420. The General Assembly makes the following findings:
(1) Pain receptors (nociceptors) are present throughout the unborn child's entire body and nerves link these receptors to the brain's thalamus and subcortical plate by no later than twenty weeks.
(2) By eight weeks after fertilization, the unborn child reacts to touch. After twenty weeks, the unborn child reacts to stimuli that would be recognized as painful if applied to an adult human, for example, by recoiling.
(3) In the unborn child, application of such painful stimuli is associated with significant increases in stress hormones known as the stress response.
(4) Subjection to such painful stimuli is associated with long-term harmful neurodevelopmental effects, such as altered pain sensitivity and, possibly, emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities later in life.
(5) For the purposes of surgery on unborn children, fetal anesthesia is routinely administered and is associated with a decrease in stress hormones compared to their levels when painful stimuli are applied without such anesthesia.
(6) The position, asserted by some medical experts, that the unborn child is incapable of experiencing pain until a point later in pregnancy than twenty weeks after fertilization predominately rests on the assumption that the ability to experience pain depends on the cerebral cortex and requires nerve connections between the thalamus and the cortex. However, recent medical research and analysis, especially since 2007, provides strong evidence for the conclusion that a functioning cortex is not necessary to experience pain.
(7) Substantial evidence indicates that children born missing the bulk of the cerebral cortex, those with hydranencephaly, nevertheless experience pain.
(8) In adults, stimulation or ablation of the cerebral cortex does not alter pain perception, while stimulation or ablation of the thalamus does.
(9) Substantial evidence indicates that structures used for pain processing in early development differ from those of adults, using different neural elements available at specific times during development, such as the subcortical plate, to fulfill the role of pain processing.
(10) The position, asserted by some medical experts, that the unborn child remains in a coma-like sleep state that precludes the unborn child experiencing pain is inconsistent with the documented reaction of unborn children to painful stimuli and with the experience of fetal surgeons who have found it necessary to sedate the unborn child with anesthesia to prevent the unborn child from thrashing about in reaction to invasive surgery.
(11) Consequently, there is substantial medical evidence that an unborn child is capable of experiencing pain by twenty weeks after fertilization.
(12) It is the purpose of the State to assert a compelling state interest in protecting the lives of unborn children from the stage at which substantial medical evidence indicates that they are capable of feeling pain.
(13) South Carolina's compelling state interest in protecting the lives of unborn children from the stage at which substantial medical evidence indicates that they are capable of feeling pain is intended to be separate from and independent of South Carolina's compelling state interest in protecting the lives of unborn children from the stage of viability, and neither state interest is intended to replace the other.
(14) Mindful of Leavitt v. Jane L., 518 U.S. 137 (1996), in which in the context of determining the severability of a state statute regulating abortion, the United States Supreme Court noted that an explicit statement of legislative intent specifically made applicable to a particular statute is of greater weight than a general savings or severability clause, it is the intent of the State that if any one or more provisions, sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases or words of this article or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is found to be unconstitutional, the same is hereby declared to be severable and the balance of this article shall remain effective notwithstanding such unconstitutionality. Moreover, the State declares that it would have passed this article, and each provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more provisions, sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases or words, or any of their applications, were to be declared unconstitutional.
(1) 'Abortion' means the use or prescription of any instrument, medicine, drug, or any other substance or device excluding the use of a contraceptive, an intrauterine device (IUD) or the morning after pill:
(a) to intentionally kill the unborn child of a woman known to be pregnant; or
(b) to intentionally prematurely terminate the pregnancy of a woman known to be pregnant, with an intention other than to increase the probability of a live birth or of preserving the life or health of the child after live birth.
(2) 'Attempt to perform or induce an abortion' means an act, or an omission of a statutorily required act, that, under the circumstances as the actor believes them to be, constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the performance or induction of an abortion in this State in violation of this article.
(3) 'Department' means the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
(4) 'Fertilization' means the fusion of a human spermatozoon with a human ovum.
(5) 'Medical emergency' means a condition that, in reasonable medical judgment, so complicates the medical condition of the pregnant woman that it necessitates the immediate abortion of her pregnancy without first determining post-fertilization age to avert her death or for which the delay necessary to determine post-fertilization age will create serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions. No condition must be considered a medical emergency if based on a claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct which she intends to result in her death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
(6) 'Physician' means any person licensed to practice medicine and surgery or osteopathic medicine and surgery in this State.
(7) 'Post-fertilization age' means the age of the unborn child as calculated from the fusion of a human spermatozoon with a human ovum.
(8) 'Probable post-fertilization age of the unborn child' means what, in reasonable medical judgment, will with reasonable probability be the post-fertilization age of the unborn child at the time the abortion is planned to be performed or induced.
(9) 'Reasonable medical judgment' means a medical judgment that would be made by a reasonably prudent physician, knowledgeable about the case and the treatment possibilities with respect to the medical conditions involved.
(10) 'Severe fetal anomaly' means that, in reasonable medical judgment, the unborn child has a profound and irremediable congenital or chromosomal anomaly that will most likely result in the natural death of the unborn child without life-sustaining medical treatment being administered upon the unborn child's birth.
(11) 'Unborn child' or 'fetus' each means an individual organism of the species homo sapiens from fertilization until live birth.
(11) 'Woman' means a female human being whether or not she has reached the age of majority.
Section 44-41-440. Except in the case of a medical emergency, rape, incest, or severe fetal anomaly no abortion must be performed or induced or be attempted to be performed or induced unless the physician performing or inducing it has first made a determination of the probable post-fertilization age of the unborn child or relied upon such a determination made by another physician. In making such a determination, the physician shall make such inquiries of the woman and perform or cause to be performed such medical examinations and tests as a reasonably prudent physician, knowledgeable about the case and the medical conditions involved, would consider necessary to perform in making an accurate diagnosis with respect to post-fertilization age.
Section 44-41-450. (A) No person shall perform or induce or attempt to perform or induce an abortion upon a woman when it has been determined, by the physician performing or inducing or attempting to perform or induce the abortion or by another physician upon whose determination that physician relies, that the probable post-fertilization age of the woman's unborn child is twenty or more weeks, except in the case of rape, incest, severe fetal anomaly, or in reasonable medical judgment, she has a condition which so complicates her medical condition as to necessitate the abortion of her pregnancy to avert her death or to avert serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions. No such greater risk must be considered to exist if it is based on a claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct which she intends to result in her death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
(B) When an abortion upon a woman whose unborn child has been determined to have a probable post-fertilization age of twenty or more weeks is not prohibited by subsection (A), the physician shall terminate the pregnancy in the manner which, in reasonable medical judgment, provides the best opportunity for the unborn child to survive, unless, in reasonable medical judgment, termination of the pregnancy in that manner would pose a greater risk either of the death of the pregnant woman or of the substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions, of the woman than would other available methods. No such greater risk must be considered to exist if it is based on a claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct which she intends to result in her death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
Section 44-41-460. (A) Any abortion performed in this State must be reported by the licensed facility on the standard form for reporting abortions to the state registrar, Department of Health and Environmental Control, within seven days after the abortion is performed. The names of the patient and physician may not be reported on the form or otherwise disclosed to the state registrar. The form must indicate from whom consent was obtained or circumstances waiving consent and must include:
(1) Post-fertilization age:
(a) if a determination of probable post-fertilization age was made, whether ultrasound was employed in making the determination, and the week of probable post-fertilization age determined; or
(b) if a determination of probable post-fertilization age was not made, the basis of the determination that a medical emergency existed.
(2) Method of abortion, of which the following was employed:
(a) medication abortion such as, but not limited to, mifepristone/misoprostol or methotrexate/misoprostol;
(b) manual vacuum aspiration;
(c) electrical vacuum aspiration;
(d) dilation and evacuation;
(e) combined induction abortion and dilation and evacuation;
(f) induction abortion with prostaglandins;
(g) induction abortion with intra-amniotic instillation such as, but not limited to, saline or urea;
(h) induction abortion; and
(i) intact dilation and extraction (partial-birth).
(3) Whether an intrafetal injection was used in an attempt to induce fetal demise such as, but not limited to, intrafetal potassium chloride or digoxin.
(4) Age of the patient.
(5) If the probable post-fertilization age was determined to be twenty or more weeks, whether the reason for the abortion was a medical emergency, rape, incest, or severe fetal anomaly, and if the reason was a medical emergency, the basis of the determination that the pregnant woman had a condition which so complicated her medical condition as to necessitate the abortion of her pregnancy to avert her death or to avert serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions.
(6) If the probable post-fertilization age was determined to be twenty or more weeks, whether or not the method of abortion used was one that, in reasonable medical judgment, provided the best opportunity for the unborn child to survive and, if such a method was not used, the basis of the determination that termination of the pregnancy in that manner would pose a greater risk either of the death of the pregnant woman or of the substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions, of the woman than would other available methods.
(B) Reports required by subsection (A) shall not contain the name or the address of the patient whose pregnancy was terminated, nor shall the report contain any other information identifying the patient, except that each report shall contain a unique medical record identifying number, to enable matching the report to the patient's medical records. Such reports must be maintained in strict confidence by the department, must not be available for public inspection, and must not be made available except:
(1) to the Attorney General or solicitor with appropriate jurisdiction pursuant to a criminal investigation;
(2) to the Attorney General or solicitor pursuant to a civil investigation of the grounds for an action under Section 44-41-480(B); or
(3) pursuant to court order in an action under Section 44-41-480.
(C) By June thirtieth of each year, the department shall issue a public report providing statistics for the previous calendar year compiled from all of the reports covering that year submitted in accordance with this section for each of the items listed in subsection (A). Each such report also shall provide the statistics for all previous calendar years during which this section was in effect, adjusted to reflect any additional information from late or corrected reports. The department shall take care to ensure that none of the information included in the public reports could reasonably lead to the identification of any pregnant woman upon whom an abortion was performed, induced, or attempted.
(D) Any facility who fails to submit a report by the end of thirty days following the due date must be subject to a late fee of one thousand dollars for each additional thirty-day period or portion of a thirty-day period the report is overdue. Any physician required to report in accordance with this article who has not submitted a report, or has submitted only an incomplete report, more than six months following the due date, may, in an action brought by the department, be directed by a court of competent jurisdiction to submit a complete report within a period stated by court order or be subject to civil contempt. Intentional or reckless failure by any physician to conform to any requirement of this section, other than late filing of a report, constitutes 'unprofessional conduct' pursuant to Section 40-47-20(53). Intentional or reckless failure by any physician to submit a complete report in accordance with a court order constitutes 'unprofessional conduct' pursuant to Section 40-47-20(53). Intentional or reckless falsification of any report required under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by not more than one year in prison.
(E) Within ninety days of the effective date of this article, the Department of Health and Environmental Control shall adopt and promulgate forms and regulations to assist in compliance with this section. Subsection (A) shall take effect so as to require reports regarding all abortions performed or induced on and after the first day of the first calendar month following the effective date of such rules.
Section 44-41-470. Any physician who intentionally or knowingly fails to conform to any requirement in Section 44-41-440 and Section 44-41-450 is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must be fined not less than two thousand dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars or imprisoned for not more than three years, or both. No part of the minimum fine may be suspended. For conviction of a third or subsequent offense, the sentence must be imprisonment for not less than sixty days nor more than three years, no part of which may be suspended.
SECTION 2. This act takes effect upon approval of the Governor. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator GROOMS spoke on the amendment.
Remarks by Senator GROOMS
Members of the body, this is difficult. We weren't elected to make easy decisions, we were elected to make the tough decisions. This Bill will save lives. I think we all know that. I have a fundamental disagreement with Senator HUTTO, and we talked about that a minute ago. Some side on the rights of the mother and some side on the life of the child. I'll always choose life, even if there are exceptions. How could you look at someone and say, "But for the grace of God you could be an exception and not be here today?" I'm not for exceptions, but I also understand the political realities of where we are. If we vote down this amendment with all the other amendments that are behind it with everything else we have to do, this body will not pass this Bill this year. The pain-capable Bill will die here in the South Carolina Senate and another twenty or so children will lose their lives by this time next year. This is a matter of life or death to some unborn children who are out there right now.
I want to ensure that they live. I'm not comfortable with the exceptions, but if we can't save them all then let's save what we can. There are some that believe that if we can't save them all, let's not save any. I don't subscribe to that. If you look at the legislation that has passed this body since Roe vs. Wade, you can see a history that we have done all we can do within the confines of federal law and saved as many children as possible. We have done that. There are some 16,000 people who are now alive in South Carolina because of laws we have passed in this Chamber. Are there still abortions in South Carolina? Will abortion remain legal? Yes, until that Supreme Court decision is overturned. We also have to understand where we are in our federal courts and what we can do and what lives we can save.
Senator HUTTO and I, we have worked together in good faith over tightening down the meaning of a "fetal anomaly" to ensure that a fetal anomaly would be an unborn child that has some sort of defect and could not live after it was born. We got the language right on that. I don't believe in exceptions but I believe in saving lives. I understand that we may need to take these exceptions to pass this Bill to be able to save lives and if anyone gets up here at this podium and tries to filibuster this Bill, it will be at the peril of about twenty children who would have otherwise had a chance at life.
For the sake of those children I would ask this body to please adopt this amendment and let's adopt this Bill before we leave today on second reading. That's what I'm asking you to do. If we have to put in a couple extra hours on a Thursday afternoon, I would ask, I would beg, that you just do that. There are some lives that are at stake depending on what we do here this day. The amendments before us, I am voting for and I am now a co-sponsor of them. I am asking you to please vote for this Bill and let us move this legislation forward, this pain-capable twenty week legislation, because it's in our hands. Let's do what's right. Thank you.
In response to a question from Senator CAMPSEN I heard it said a little while ago, "We aren't going to get to the road funding Bill, because I can use this right here to ensure that never happens." I would hope that we wouldn't put the lives of people ahead of the politics regarding a road funding Bill and that we would truly do the right thing. I think, most of us here, if this amendment is adopted, would be willing to vote for the Bill. I think it would pass. I think most of us would. Some wouldn't. I've had conversations with my colleagues in here that I disagree with and they have been very respectful. Looking at that last vote, 30-10, and there were three members that were absent today that would be on the side of life. I know where we are as a body and I also know where we are with politics because I understand the rules. If this were January, it would be a different story. But it's not. There are nine legislative days after this. So, I'm asking you for your consideration. Please adopt this amendment without delay.
On motion of Senator DAVIS, with unanimous consent, the remarks of Senator GROOMS were ordered printed in the Journal.
Senator BRIGHT spoke on the amendment.
Point of Quorum
At 1:31 P.M., Senator BRIGHT made the point that a quorum was not present. It was ascertained that a quorum was present.
Senator BRIGHT resumed speaking.
Point of Quorum
At 1:57 P.M., Senator MALLOY made the point that a quorum was not present. It was ascertained that a quorum was not present.
Call of the Senate
Senator LEATHERMAN moved that a Call of the Senate be made. The following Senators answered the Call:
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Coleman Corbin Davis
Fair Grooms Hembree
Hutto Johnson Kimpson
Leatherman Lourie Malloy
Martin, Larry Massey Matthews
McElveen O'Dell Peeler
Pinckney Rankin Sabb
Scott Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Young
A quorum being present, the Senate resumed.
Motion Under Rule 15A Failed
At 1:59 P.M., Senator GROOMS moved under the provisions of Rule 15A that the debate on the entire matter of H. 3114 be brought to a close.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 13; Nays 22
AYES
Campsen Cleary Grooms
Hembree Hutto Leatherman
Lourie Martin, Larry O'Dell
Peeler Pinckney Shealy
Turner
Total--13
NAYS
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Coleman
Corbin Davis Fair
Johnson Kimpson Malloy
Massey McElveen Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Sheheen Thurmond Verdin
Young
Total--22
Having failed to receive the necessary vote, the motion under Rule 15A failed.
Senator BRIGHT resumed speaking on the amendment.
Point of Quorum
At 2:19 P.M., Senator MALLOY made the point that a quorum was not present. It was ascertained that a quorum was not present.
Call of the Senate
Senator LEATHERMAN moved that a Call of the Senate be made. The following Senators answered the Call:
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Coleman Corbin Davis
Fair Grooms Hembree
Hutto Johnson Kimpson
Leatherman Lourie Malloy
Martin, Larry Massey McElveen
O'Dell Peeler Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Verdin Young
A quorum being present, the Senate resumed.
Senator BRIGHT resumed speaking.
Motion Under Rule 15A Failed
At 1:59 P.M., Senator GROOMS moved under the provisions of Rule 15A that the debate on the entire matter of H. 3114 be brought to a close.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 14; Nays 20
AYES
Bennett Campsen Grooms
Hembree Hutto Leatherman
Lourie Martin, Larry Massey
Matthews Peeler Shealy
Turner Young
Total--14
NAYS
Alexander Allen Bright
Bryant Coleman Corbin
Davis Fair Johnson
Kimpson Malloy McElveen
Pinckney Rankin Reese
Sabb Scott Sheheen
Thurmond Verdin
Total--20
Having failed to receive the necessary vote, the motion under Rule 15A failed.
Motion Failed
Senator LEATHERMAN, in accordance with Rule 14, with Senator BRIGHT retaining the floor, moved that the Senate carry over the entire matter.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 14; Nays 19
AYES
Allen Coleman Hutto
Johnson Kimpson Leatherman
Lourie Matthews McElveen
Rankin Reese Sabb
Scott Sheheen
Total--14
NAYS
Alexander Bennett Bright
Bryant Campsen Corbin
Davis Fair Grooms
Hembree Malloy Martin, Larry
Massey Peeler Shealy
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Young
Total--19
Having failed to receive the necessary votes, the Senate refused to carry over H. 3114.
On motion of Senator BRIGHT, the Senate agreed to stand adjourned.
LOCAL APPOINTMENTS
Confirmations
Having received a favorable report from the Senate, the following appointments were confirmed in open session:
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
James A. Turner, 351 Confederate Circle, Charleston, SC 29407
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Henry W. Guerard, 1535 Wakendaw Road, Mount Pleasant, SC 29464
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
JoAnna E. Summey, 5054 Ashby Avenue, North Charleston, SC 29405
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Priscilla B. Baldwin, 10034 South Carolina Road, McClellanville, SC 29458
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Francis Cain-Lofton, Post Office Box 459, McClellanville, SC 29458
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Alvin E. Bligen, Post Office Box 216, Edisto Island, SC 29438
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
David W. Coker, 4322 Patricia Street, North Charleston, SC 29418
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
James B. Gosnell, Jr., 1233 Bamboo Drive, Charleston, SC 29407
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Thomas E. Lynn, 857 Detyens Road, Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Sheryl M. Perry, 7386 Highway162, Hollywood, SC 29449
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Ellen Steinberg, 34 Smith Street, Charleston, SC 29401
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Jennifer B. McCoy, 451 Wampler Drive, Charleston, SC 29412 VICE Richard Lingenfelter, Jr.
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Kelley F. Young, 1829 Towne Street, Johns Island, SC 29455 VICE Pricilla Baldwin
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Ittriss Jermain Jenkins, 16 Dewey Street, Charleston, SC 29403 VICE Stephanie Ganaway-Pasley
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Martelle T. Morrison, 1515 Roach Road, Hollywood, SC 29449 VICE Jacquetta Jones
Initial Appointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Richardine L. Singleton-Brown, 2172 Edward D. Singleton Drive, Charleston, SC 29412 VICE New Seat
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Leroy Linen, 6113 Judge Linen Lane, Wadmalaw Island, SC 29487
Reappointment, Charleston County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
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http://lammps.sandia.gov/doc/compute_displace_atom.html | # compute displace/atom command
## Syntax
compute ID group-ID displace/atom
• ID, group-ID are documented in compute command
• displace/atom = style name of this compute command
## Examples
compute 1 all displace/atom
## Description
Define a computation that calculates the current displacement of each atom in the group from its original coordinates, including all effects due to atoms passing thru periodic boundaries.
A vector of four quantities per atom is calculated by this compute. The first 3 elements of the vector are the dx,dy,dz displacements. The 4th component is the total displacement, i.e. sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz).
The displacement of an atom is from its original position at the time the compute command was issued. The value of the displacement will be 0.0 for atoms not in the specified compute group.
Note
Initial coordinates are stored in “unwrapped” form, by using the image flags associated with each atom. See the dump custom command for a discussion of “unwrapped” coordinates. See the Atoms section of the read_data command for a discussion of image flags and how they are set for each atom. You can reset the image flags (e.g. to 0) before invoking this compute by using the set image command.
Note
If you want the quantities calculated by this compute to be continuous when running from a restart file, then you should use the same ID for this compute, as in the original run. This is so that the fix this compute creates to store per-atom quantities will also have the same ID, and thus be initialized correctly with time=0 atom coordinates from the restart file.
Output info:
This compute calculates a per-atom array with 4 columns, which can be accessed by indices 1-4 by any command that uses per-atom values from a compute as input. See Section 6.15 for an overview of LAMMPS output options.
The per-atom array values will be in distance units.
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https://www.zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Afuredi.zoltan | # zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Furedi, Zoltan
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: furedi.zoltan Published as: Füredi, Zoltán; Füredi, Z.; Füredi, Zoltan; Fueredi, Z.; Fueredi, Zoltan; Furedi, Zoltan; Füredi, Zoltȧn Homepage: https://math.illinois.edu/directory/profile/z-furedi External Links: MGP · Math-Net.Ru · Wikidata · dblp
Documents Indexed: 269 Publications since 1979, including 2 Books Reviewing Activity: 2 Reviews
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
66 single-authored 27 Frankl, Péter 17 Kostochka, Aleksandr Vasil’evich 11 Bárány, Imre 10 Erdős, Pál 10 Kleitman, Daniel J. 9 Kantor, Ida 9 Luo, Ruth 9 Mubayi, Dhruv 8 Katona, Gyula O. H. 8 Verstraëte, Jacques 7 Alon, Noga M. 6 Gyárfás, András 6 Jiang, Tao 6 Özkahya, Lale 6 Ruszinkó, Miklós 5 Boros, Endre 5 Griggs, Jerrold R. 5 Kahn, Jeff D. 5 Kim, Younjin 5 Pach, János 5 Sali, Attila 5 Simonovits, Miklós 4 Pikhurko, Oleg 4 Seress, Ákos 3 Axenovich, Maria A. 3 Bollobás, Béla 3 Demetrovics, János 3 Komjáth, Péter 3 Kündgen, André 3 West, Douglas Brent 2 Anstee, Richard P. 2 Balister, Paul N. 2 Barát, János 2 Chen, Ya-Chen 2 Chung Graham, Fan-Rong King 2 Dyer, Martin E. 2 Erdős, Péter L. 2 Gerbner, Dániel 2 Goemans, Michel X. 2 Graham, Ronald Lewis 2 Gunderson, David S. 2 Hajnal, Péter 2 Jahanbekam, Sogol 2 Jockusch, Carl G. jun. 2 Kang, Jeong-Hyun 2 Leader, Imre 2 McDiarmid, Colin J. H. 2 Monti, Angelo 2 Patkós, Balázs 2 Rodl, Vojtech 2 Rosenberg, Ivo G. 2 Rubel, Lee Albert 2 Seymour, Paul D. 2 Sinaimeri, Blerina 2 Sós, Vera Turán 2 Tuza, Zsolt 2 Vizer, Máté 2 Wetzel, John E. 1 Bíró, Csaba 1 Caro, Yair 1 Csima, Judit 1 De Caen, Dominique 1 Dow, Stephen J. 1 Downey, Rodney Graham 1 Drake, David A. 1 Eaton, Nancy 1 Faudree, Ralph Jasper jun. 1 Ferrara, Michael J. 1 Fishburn, Peter Clingerman 1 Fleming, Balin 1 Garey, Michael Randolph 1 Gould, Ronald J. 1 Győri, Ervin 1 Hajnal, András 1 Holzman, Ron 1 Horák, Peter 1 Hwang, Kyung-Won 1 Kalai, Gil 1 Katchalski, Meir 1 Katona, Zsolt 1 Kelly, Leroy M. 1 Komlós, János 1 Kumbhat, Mohit 1 Kurshan, Robert P. 1 Lagarias, Jeffrey C. 1 Larson, Jean A. 1 Lazebnik, Felix 1 Lehel, Jeno 1 Linial, Nathan 1 Loeb, Peter A. 1 Loebl, Martin 1 Lovász, László 1 Maleki, Zeinab 1 Miklós, Dezső 1 Morgan, Frank 1 Naor, Assaf 1 Odlyzko, Andrew M. 1 Palásti, Ilona 1 Pareek, Chandra Mohan 1 Quinn, Frank S. ...and 33 more Co-Authors
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#### Serials
32 Discrete Mathematics 28 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A 17 Journal of Graph Theory 17 Graphs and Combinatorics 15 Combinatorica 12 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series B 11 European Journal of Combinatorics 11 Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 10 SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 7 Discrete Applied Mathematics 6 Discrete & Computational Geometry 4 Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 4 Order 4 The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 3 Ars Combinatoria 3 Geometriae Dedicata 3 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 3 Random Structures & Algorithms 2 Israel Journal of Mathematics 2 Periodica Mathematica Hungarica 2 Advances in Mathematics 2 Theoretical Computer Science 2 Acta Mathematica Hungarica 2 Alkalmazott Matematikai Lapok. A Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia. Matematikai es Fizikai Tudomanyok Osztalyanak Közlemenyei 2 Journal of Combinatorial Designs 1 American Mathematical Monthly 1 IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 1 Archiv der Mathematik 1 Canadian Journal of Mathematics 1 Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 1 Information and Control 1 Journal of Geometry 1 Journal of Number Theory 1 Mathematica Scandinavica 1 The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics. Oxford Second Series 1 Cybernetics 1 SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods 1 Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 1 Probability Theory and Related Fields 1 JCMCC. The Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing 1 Designs, Codes and Cryptography 1 Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics. Academia Sinica 1 Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A 1 Multiple-Valued Logic 1 Annals of Mathematics. Second Series 1 Bolyai Society Mathematical Studies 1 Journal of Combinatorics 1 Bulletin of the Hellenic Mathematical Society 1 Advances in Combinatorics
all top 5
#### Fields
227 Combinatorics (05-XX) 37 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 17 Geometry (51-XX) 10 Number theory (11-XX) 10 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 9 Computer science (68-XX) 8 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 5 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 4 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 3 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 2 History and biography (01-XX) 2 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 2 Statistics (62-XX) 2 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 1 General algebraic systems (08-XX) 1 Measure and integration (28-XX) 1 Sequences, series, summability (40-XX) 1 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 1 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 1 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH Open
222 Publications have been cited 2,600 times in 1,926 Documents Cited by Year
The eigenvalues of random symmetric matrices. Zbl 0494.15010
Füredi, Z.; Komloś, J.
1981
Families of finite sets in which no set is covered by the union of $$r$$ others. Zbl 0587.05021
Erdős, Paul; Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1985
Matchings and covers in hypergraphs. Zbl 0820.05051
Füredi, Zoltán
1988
The history of degenerate (bipartite) extremal graph problems. Zbl 1296.05098
Füredi, Zoltán; Simonovits, Miklós
2013
Maximum degree and fractional matchings in uniform hypergraphs. Zbl 0494.05045
Fueredi, Zoltan
1981
New asymptotics for bipartite Turán numbers. Zbl 0858.05064
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
Extremal problems whose solutions are the blowups of the small Witt- designs. Zbl 0731.05030
Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1989
Davenport-Schinzel theory of matrices. Zbl 0776.05024
Füredi, Zoltán; Hajnal, Péter
1992
Families of finite sets in which no set is covered by the union of two others. Zbl 0489.05003
Erdős, Paul; Frankl, P.; Fueredi, Z.
1982
A new generalization of the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem. Zbl 0529.05001
Frankl, Peter; Fueredi, Zoltan
1983
Forbidding just one intersection. Zbl 0573.05001
Frankl, Peter; Füredi, Zoltán
1985
An upper bound on Zarankiewicz’ problem. Zbl 0857.05048
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
Point selections and weak $$\varepsilon$$-nets for convex hulls. Zbl 0797.52004
Alon, Noga; Bárány, Imre; Füredi, Zoltán; Kleitman, Daniel J.
1992
Fueredi, Zoltan
1983
Computing the volume is difficult. Zbl 0628.68041
Bárány, Imre; Füredi, Zoltán
1987
The maximum number of unit distances in a convex $$n$$-gon. Zbl 0742.52010
Füredi, Zoltȧn
1990
Shadows of colored complexes. Zbl 0651.05003
Frankl, Peter; Füredi, Zoltán; Kalai, Gil
1988
Exact solution of some Turán-type problems. Zbl 0661.05003
Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1987
On the number of edges of quadrilateral-free graphs. Zbl 0858.05063
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
The number of triangles covering the center of an $$n$$-set. Zbl 0595.52002
Boros, E.; Füredi, Z.
1984
On $$r$$-cover-free families. Zbl 0843.05100
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
Non-trivial intersecting families. Zbl 0583.05002
Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1986
Triple systems not containing a Fano configuration. Zbl 1075.05062
Füredi, Zoltán; Simonovits, Miklós
2005
On the number of halving planes. Zbl 0718.52009
Bárány, I.; Füredi, Z.; Lovász, László
1990
The number of maximal independent sets in connected graphs. Zbl 0647.05032
Füredi, Zoltán
1987
The maximum size of 3-uniform hypergraphs not containing a Fano plane. Zbl 1027.05073
De Caen, Dominique; Füredi, Zoltán
2000
On finite set-systems whose every intersection is a kernel of a star. Zbl 0531.05002
Füredi, Z.
1983
An exact result for 3-graphs. Zbl 0538.05050
Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1984
Minimum matrix representation of closure operations. Zbl 0577.68084
Demetrovics, J.; Füredi, Z.; Katona, G. O. H.
1985
Covering the cube by affine hyperplanes. Zbl 0773.52011
Alon, Noga; Füredi, Zoltán
1993
A short proof for a theorem of Harper about Hamming-spheres. Zbl 0482.05002
Frankl, P.; Fueredi, Z.
1981
The greatest angle among $$n$$ points in the $$d$$-dimensional Euclidean space. Zbl 0534.52007
Erdős, Paul; Füredi, Z.
1983
Empty simplices in Euclidean space. Zbl 0639.52006
Bárány, Imre; Füredi, Zoltán
1987
The Erdoes-Ko-Rado theorem for integer sequences. Zbl 0506.05001
Frankl, Peter; Fueredi, Zoltan
1980
The maximum number of edges in a minimal graph of diameter 2. Zbl 0773.05063
Füredi, Zoltán
1992
Interval orders and shift graphs. Zbl 0785.05082
Füredi, Z.; Hajnal, P.; Rödl, Vojtěch; Trotter, W. T.
1992
Finite projective spaces and intersecting hypergraphs. Zbl 0643.05018
Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1986
On the dimensions of ordered sets of bounded degree. Zbl 0656.06005
Füredi, Z.; Kahn, J.
1986
Approximation of the sphere by polytopes having few vertices. Zbl 0669.52003
Bárány, I.; Füredi, Z.
1988
On the Turán number for the hexagon. Zbl 1094.05032
Füredi, Zoltan; Naor, Assaf; Verstraëte, Jacques
2006
On the best constant for the Besicovitch covering theorem. Zbl 0802.28002
Füredi, Zoltán; Loeb, Peter A.
1994
Exact solution of the hypergraph Turán problem for $$k$$-uniform linear paths. Zbl 1324.05192
Füredi, Zoltán; Jiang, Tao; Seiver, Robert
2014
Coloring graphs with locally few colors. Zbl 0591.05030
Erdős, Paul; Füredi, Z.; Hajnal, András; Komjáth, P.; Rödl, Vojtěch; Seress, Á.
1986
On triple systems with independent neighbourhoods. Zbl 1079.05062
Füredi, Zoltán; Pikhurko, Oleg; Simonovits, Miklós
2005
Arrangements of lines with large number of triangles. Zbl 0521.51003
Füredi, Z.; Palásti, I.
1984
Union-free hypergraphs and probability theory. Zbl 0546.05049
Frankl, Peter; Füredi, Zoltan
1984
Spanning subgraphs of random graphs. Zbl 0767.05082
Alon, Noga; Füredi, Zoltán
1992
On induced subgraphs of the cube. Zbl 0653.05037
Chung, F. R. K.; Füredi, Zoltán; Graham, R. L.; Seymour, P.
1988
Extremal problems concerning Kneser-graphs. Zbl 0564.05002
Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1986
Hypergraph Turán numbers of linear cycles. Zbl 1280.05095
Füredi, Zoltán; Jiang, Tao
2014
Geometrical solution of an intersection problem for two hypergraphs. Zbl 0546.05048
Füredi, Z.
1984
A new short proof of the EKR theorem. Zbl 1244.05008
Frankl, Peter; Füredi, Zoltán
2012
Signed domination in regular graphs and set-systems. Zbl 0933.05117
Füredi, Zoltán; Mubayi, Dhruv
1999
Beyond the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem. Zbl 0742.05080
Frankl, Peter; Füredi, Zoltán
1991
On the fractional matching polytope of a hypergraph. Zbl 0779.05030
Füredi, Z.; Kahn, J.; Seymour, P. D.
1993
Families of finite sets with minimum shadows. Zbl 0641.05002
Füredi, Z.; Griggs, J. R.
1986
Extremal graphs for intersecting triangles. Zbl 0822.05036
Erdős, Paul; Füredi, Z.; Gould, R. J.; Gunderson, D. S.
1995
Random Ramsey graphs for the four-cycle. Zbl 0792.05128
Füredi, Zoltán
1994
Traces of finite sets: Extremal problems and geometric applications. Zbl 0816.05059
Füredi, Z.; Pach, J.
1994
On 3-uniform hypergraphs without a cycle of a given length. Zbl 1358.05203
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2017
Avoiding long Berge cycles. Zbl 1416.05157
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Luo, Ruth
2019
Pair labellings with given distance. Zbl 0727.05022
Füredi, Z.; Griggs, J. R.; Kleitman, D. J.
1989
Discrepancy of trees. Zbl 0849.05021
Erdős, Paul; Füredi, Zoltán; Loebl, Martin; Sós, Vera T.
1995
On maximal intersecting families of finite sets. Zbl 0438.05002
Füredi, Zoltan
1980
Extremal set systems with restricted $$k$$-wise intersections. Zbl 1054.05095
Füredi, Zoltán; Sudakov, Benny
2004
On hypergraphs without two edges intersecting in a given number of vertices. Zbl 0529.05045
Frankl, P.; Fueredi, Z.
1984
Hypergraphs in which all disjoint pairs have distinct unions. Zbl 0555.05006
Füredi, Z.
1984
On the fractional covering number of hypergraphs. Zbl 0724.05054
Chung, F. R. K.; Füredi, Z.; Garey, M. R.; Graham, R. L.
1988
A proof of the stability of extremal graphs, Simonovits’ stability from Szemerédi’s regularity. Zbl 1319.05074
Füredi, Zoltán
2015
Nordhaus-Gaddum-type theorems for decompositions into many parts. Zbl 1078.05068
Füredi, Zoltan; Kostochka, Alexandr V.; Škrekovski, Riste; Stiebitz, Michael; West, Douglas B.
2005
Distance graph on $$\mathbb Z^n$$ with $$\ell_{1}$$ norm. Zbl 1043.05047
Füredi, Zoltán; Kang, Jeong-Hyun
2004
On zero-trees. Zbl 0772.05033
Füredi, Zoltán; Kleitman, D. J.
1992
Hajnal’s triangle-free game and extremal graph problems. Zbl 0764.05043
Füredi, Zoltán; Reimer, Dave; Seress, Ákos
1991
Graphs of prescribed girth and bi-degree. Zbl 0828.05034
Füredi, Z.; Lazebnik, F.; Seress, Á.; Ustimenko, V. A.; Woldar, A. J.
1995
Turán problems for integer-weighted graphs. Zbl 0997.05048
Füredi, Zoltán; Kündgen, André
2002
On generalized Ramsey theory: The bipartite case. Zbl 1023.05101
Axenovich, Maria; Füredi, Zoltán; Mubayi, Dhruv
2000
Separating pairs of points of standard boxes. Zbl 0592.05002
Alon, Noga; Füredi, Z.; Katchalski, M.
1985
Traces of finite sets. Zbl 0557.05003
Füredi, Z.; Quinn, F.
1984
Maximal intersecting families and affine regular polygons in $$PG(2,q)$$. Zbl 0737.05003
Boros, Endre; Füredi, Zoltán; Kahn, Jeff
1989
Saturated $$r$$-uniform hypergraphs. Zbl 0766.05060
Erdős, Paul; Füredi, Zoltán; Tuza, Zsolt
1991
Volumes spanned by random points in the hypercube. Zbl 0755.60013
Dyer, M. E.; Füredi, Z.; McDiarmid, C.
1992
Solution of the Littlewood-Offord problem in high dimensions. Zbl 0667.05017
Frankl, P.; Füredi, Z.
1988
On the existence of countable universal graphs. Zbl 0878.05064
Füredi, Zoltán; Komjáth, Péter
1997
The chromatic index of simple hypergraphs. Zbl 0589.05036
Füredi, Z.
1986
Covering the complete graph by partitions. Zbl 0704.05018
Füredi, Zoltán
1989
Minimal oriented graphs of diameter 2. Zbl 0917.05033
Füredi, Zoltán; Horák, Peter; Pareek, Chandra M.; Zhu, Xuding
1998
Forbidden submatrices. Zbl 0646.05009
Anstee, R. P.; Füredi, Z.
1986
Linear trees in uniform hypergraphs. Zbl 1296.05140
Füredi, Zoltán
2014
Two-part and $$k$$-Sperner families: new proofs using permutations. Zbl 1089.05072
Erdős, Péter L.; Füredi, Zoltán; Katona, Gyula O. H.
2005
Nonexistence of universal graphs without some trees. Zbl 0889.05038
Füredi, Z.; Komjáth, P.
1997
Quadruple systems with independent neighborhoods. Zbl 1190.05036
Füredi, Zoltan; Mubayi, Dhruv; Pikhurko, Oleg
2008
Choosability with separation of complete multipartite graphs and hypergraphs. Zbl 1291.05063
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Kumbhat, Mohit
2014
The minimal number of zero sums. Zbl 0795.05014
Füredi, Z.; Kleitman, D. J.
1993
Competition graphs and clique dimensions. Zbl 0764.05091
Füredi, Zoltán
1990
Maximal independent subsets in Steiner systems and in planar sets. Zbl 0741.51006
Füredi, Zoltán
1991
A minimal cutset of the Boolean lattice with almost all members. Zbl 0687.05002
Füredi, Zoltán; Griggs, Jerrold R.; Kleitman, Daniel J.
1989
Cycle-saturated graphs with minimum number of edges. Zbl 1262.05084
Füredi, Zoltán; Kim, Younjin
2013
Unavoidable subhypergraphs: $$\mathbf a$$-clusters. Zbl 1238.05185
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2011
Color critical hypergraphs and forbidden configurations. Zbl 1192.05105
Anstee, Richard; Fleming, Balin; Füredi, Zoltán; Sali, Attila
2005
Hamiltonian Kneser graphs. Zbl 0989.05070
Chen, Ya-Chen; Füredi, Z.
2002
An extension of Mantel’s theorem to $$k$$-graphs. Zbl 1433.05308
Füredi, Zoltán; Gyárfás, András
2020
Avoiding long Berge cycles. Zbl 1416.05157
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Luo, Ruth
2019
A variation of a theorem by Pósa. Zbl 1414.05156
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Luo, Ruth
2019
Hypergraphs not containing a tight tree with a bounded trunk. Zbl 1419.05158
Füredi, Zoltán; Jiang, Tao; Kostochka, Alexandr; Mubayi, Dhruv; Verstraëte, Jacques
2019
On 2-connected hypergraphs with no long cycles. Zbl 1427.05150
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Luo, Ruth
2019
Stability in the Erdős-Gallai theorem on cycles and paths. II. Zbl 1383.05172
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Luo, Ruth; Verstraëte, Jacques
2018
Extensions of a theorem of Erdős on nonhamiltonian graphs. Zbl 1401.05156
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Luo, Ruth
2018
On 3-uniform hypergraphs without a cycle of a given length. Zbl 1358.05203
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2017
A stability version for a theorem of Erdős on nonhamiltonian graphs. Zbl 1369.05118
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Luo, Ruth
2017
The minimum number of triangular edges and a symmetrization method for multiple graphs. Zbl 1371.05143
Füredi, Zoltán; Maleki, Zeinab
2017
Stability in the Erdős-Gallai theorems on cycles and paths. Zbl 1348.05105
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Verstraëte, Jacques
2016
List colorings with distinct list sizes, the case of complete bipartite graphs. Zbl 1339.05132
Füredi, Zoltán; Kantor, Ida
2016
A proof of the stability of extremal graphs, Simonovits’ stability from Szemerédi’s regularity. Zbl 1319.05074
Füredi, Zoltán
2015
Extremal numbers for odd cycles. Zbl 1371.05142
Füredi, Zoltan; Gunderson, David S.
2015
A discrete isodiametric result: the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem for multisets. Zbl 1315.05003
Füredi, Zoltán; Gerbner, Dániel; Vizer, Máté
2015
Exact solution of the hypergraph Turán problem for $$k$$-uniform linear paths. Zbl 1324.05192
Füredi, Zoltán; Jiang, Tao; Seiver, Robert
2014
Hypergraph Turán numbers of linear cycles. Zbl 1280.05095
Füredi, Zoltán; Jiang, Tao
2014
Linear trees in uniform hypergraphs. Zbl 1296.05140
Füredi, Zoltán
2014
Choosability with separation of complete multipartite graphs and hypergraphs. Zbl 1291.05063
Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr; Kumbhat, Mohit
2014
Minimal symmetric differences of lines in projective planes. Zbl 1310.51004
Balister, Paul; Bollobás, Béla; Füredi, Zoltán; Thompson, John
2014
On a theorem of Erdős and Simonovits on graphs not containing the cube. Zbl 1301.05187
Füredi, Zoltán
2014
The history of degenerate (bipartite) extremal graph problems. Zbl 1296.05098
Füredi, Zoltán; Simonovits, Miklós
2013
Cycle-saturated graphs with minimum number of edges. Zbl 1262.05084
Füredi, Zoltán; Kim, Younjin
2013
Uniform hypergraphs containing no grids. Zbl 1278.05161
Füredi, Zoltán; Ruszinkó, Miklós
2013
Large chromatic number and Ramsey graphs. Zbl 1272.05147
Biró, Csaba; Füredi, Zoltán; Jahanbekam, Sogol
2013
A new short proof of the EKR theorem. Zbl 1244.05008
Frankl, Peter; Füredi, Zoltán
2012
2-cancellative hypergraphs and codes. Zbl 1238.05267
Füredi, Zoltán
2012
Optimal multivalued shattering. Zbl 1256.05244
Füredi, Zoltán; Sali, Attila
2012
Some new bounds on partition critical hypergraphs. Zbl 1239.05131
Füredi, Zoltán; Sali, Attila
2012
Unavoidable subhypergraphs: $$\mathbf a$$-clusters. Zbl 1238.05185
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2011
On even-cycle-free subgraphs of the hypercube. Zbl 1277.05091
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2011
Covers for closed curves of length two. Zbl 1265.52020
Füredi, Zoltán; Wetzel, John E.
2011
Linear paths and trees in uniform hypergraphs. Zbl 1274.05338
Füredi, Zoltán
2011
Minimum $$C_k$$-saturated graphs. Zbl 1274.05240
Füredi, Zoltán; Kim, Younjin
2011
On reverse-free codes and permutations. Zbl 1227.05249
Füredi, Zoltan; Kantor, Ida; Monti, Angelo; Sinaimeri, Blerina
2010
Tight embeddings of partial quadrilateral packings. Zbl 1209.05180
Füredi, Zoltán; Lehel, Jenő
2010
On 14-cycle-free subgraphs of the hypercube. Zbl 1194.05058
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2009
List colorings with distinct list sizes, the case of complete bipartite graphs. Zbl 1273.05192
Füredi, Zoltán; Kantor, Ida
2009
Unavoidable subhypergraphs: $$\mathbf a$$-clusters. Zbl 1272.05138
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2009
On even-cycle-free subgraphs of the hypercube. Zbl 1273.05183
Füredi, Zoltán; Özkahya, Lale
2009
Quadruple systems with independent neighborhoods. Zbl 1190.05036
Füredi, Zoltan; Mubayi, Dhruv; Pikhurko, Oleg
2008
Inequalities for the first-fit chromatic number. Zbl 1157.05023
Füredi, Zoltán; Gyárfás, András; Sárközy, Gábor N.; Selkow, Stanley
2008
Covering the $$n$$-space by convex bodies and its chromatic number. Zbl 1146.52012
Füredi, Z.; Kang, J.-H.
2008
Tree representations of graphs. Zbl 1119.05074
Eaton, Nancy; Füredi, Zoltán; Kostochka, Alexandr V.; Skokan, Jozef
2007
On the Turán number for the hexagon. Zbl 1094.05032
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2006
4-books of three pages. Zbl 1098.05041
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2006
A proof and generalizations of the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem using the method of linearly independent polynomials. Zbl 1115.05090
Füredi, Zoltán; Hwang, Kyung-Won; Weichsel, Paul M.
2006
Füredi, Zoltán; Katona, Gyula O. H.
2006
Triple systems not containing a Fano configuration. Zbl 1075.05062
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2005
On triple systems with independent neighbourhoods. Zbl 1079.05062
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Nordhaus-Gaddum-type theorems for decompositions into many parts. Zbl 1078.05068
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2005
Two-part and $$k$$-Sperner families: new proofs using permutations. Zbl 1089.05072
Erdős, Péter L.; Füredi, Zoltán; Katona, Gyula O. H.
2005
Color critical hypergraphs and forbidden configurations. Zbl 1192.05105
Anstee, Richard; Fleming, Balin; Füredi, Zoltán; Sali, Attila
2005
Minimum vertex-diameter-2-critical graphs. Zbl 1076.05045
Chen, Ya-Chen; Füredi, Zoltán
2005
Moments of graphs in monotone families. Zbl 1086.05020
Füredi, Zoltán; Kündgen, André
2005
Connected matching and Hadwiger’s conjecture. Zbl 1063.05104
Füredi, Zoltán; Gyárfás, András; Simonyi, Gábor
2005
Extremal set systems with restricted $$k$$-wise intersections. Zbl 1054.05095
Füredi, Zoltán; Sudakov, Benny
2004
Distance graph on $$\mathbb Z^n$$ with $$\ell_{1}$$ norm. Zbl 1043.05047
Füredi, Zoltán; Kang, Jeong-Hyun
2004
Multiply intersecting families of sets. Zbl 1045.05085
Füredi, Zoltán; Katona, Zsolt
2004
The Turán density of the hypergraph $$\{abc,ade,bde,cde\}$$. Zbl 1011.05031
Füredi, Zoltán; Pikhurko, Oleg; Simonovits, Miklós
2003
Covering a triangle with homothetic copies. Zbl 1184.52018
Füredi, Zoltán
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Exact bounds on the sizes of covering codes. Zbl 1035.94020
Axenovich, Maria; Füredi, Zoltán
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Turán problems for integer-weighted graphs. Zbl 0997.05048
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2002
Hamiltonian Kneser graphs. Zbl 0989.05070
Chen, Ya-Chen; Füredi, Z.
2002
On splittable colorings of graphs and hypergraphs. Zbl 0996.05048
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On the maximum size of $$(p,Q)$$-free families. Zbl 1012.05119
Füredi, Zoltán; Gyárfás, András; Ruszinkó, Miklós
2002
Covering a graph with cuts of minimum total size. Zbl 0982.05059
Füredi, Zoltán; Kündgen, André
2001
Covering non-uniform hypergraphs. Zbl 1026.05087
Boros, Endre; Caro, Yair; Füredi, Zoltán; Yuster, Raphael
2001
On the lattice diameter of a convex polygon. Zbl 0999.52011
Bárány, Imre; Füredi, Zoltán
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On the maximum size of $$(p, Q)$$ - free families. Zbl 1184.05087
Füredi, Zoltan; Gyárfas, András; Ruszinko, Miklós
2001
The maximum size of 3-uniform hypergraphs not containing a Fano plane. Zbl 1027.05073
De Caen, Dominique; Füredi, Zoltán
2000
On generalized Ramsey theory: The bipartite case. Zbl 1023.05101
Axenovich, Maria; Füredi, Zoltán; Mubayi, Dhruv
2000
The smallest convex cover for triangles of perimeter two. Zbl 0959.52001
Füredi, Zoltan; Wetzel, John E.
2000
On the Prague dimension of Kneser graphs. Zbl 0946.05083
Füredi, Zoltán
2000
Multiple vertex coverings by specified induced subgraphs. Zbl 0955.05083
Füredi, Zoltán; Mubayi, Dhruv; West, Douglas B.
2000
Signed domination in regular graphs and set-systems. Zbl 0933.05117
Füredi, Zoltán; Mubayi, Dhruv
1999
An improved upper bound of the rate of Euclidean superimposed codes. Zbl 0945.94031
Füredi, Zoltán; Ruszinkó, Miklós
1999
Minimal oriented graphs of diameter 2. Zbl 0917.05033
Füredi, Zoltán; Horák, Peter; Pareek, Chandra M.; Zhu, Xuding
1998
On the double competition number. Zbl 0903.05031
Füredi, Zoltán
1998
Orders admitting an isotone majority operation. Zbl 0894.06002
Füredi, Z.; Rosenberg, I. G.
1998
On the existence of countable universal graphs. Zbl 0878.05064
Füredi, Zoltán; Komjáth, Péter
1997
Nonexistence of universal graphs without some trees. Zbl 0889.05038
Füredi, Z.; Komjáth, P.
1997
The expected size of a random sphere-of-influence graph. Zbl 0881.05113
Füredi, Z.
1997
Intersection representations of the complete bipartite graph. 1st ed. Zbl 0866.05031
Füredi, Zoltán
1997
New asymptotics for bipartite Turán numbers. Zbl 0858.05064
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
An upper bound on Zarankiewicz’ problem. Zbl 0857.05048
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
On the number of edges of quadrilateral-free graphs. Zbl 0858.05063
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
On $$r$$-cover-free families. Zbl 0843.05100
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
Scrambling permutations and entropy of hypergraphs. Zbl 0842.05002
Füredi, Zoltán
1996
Difference sets and inverting the difference operator. Zbl 0865.05021
Füredi, Zoltán; Jockusch, Carl G. jun.; Rubel, Lee A.
1996
On the Lottery problem. Zbl 0912.05059
Füredi, Zoltán; Székely, Gábor J.; Zubor, Zoltán
1996
Extremal graphs for intersecting triangles. Zbl 0822.05036
Erdős, Paul; Füredi, Z.; Gould, R. J.; Gunderson, D. S.
1995
Discrepancy of trees. Zbl 0849.05021
Erdős, Paul; Füredi, Zoltán; Loebl, Martin; Sós, Vera T.
1995
Graphs of prescribed girth and bi-degree. Zbl 0828.05034
Füredi, Z.; Lazebnik, F.; Seress, Á.; Ustimenko, V. A.; Woldar, A. J.
1995
Extremal hypergraphs and combinatorial geometry. Zbl 0839.05077
Füredi, Zoltán
1995
Cross-intersecting families of finite sets. Zbl 0839.05092
Füredi, Zoltán
1995
On the best constant for the Besicovitch covering theorem. Zbl 0802.28002
Füredi, Zoltán; Loeb, Peter A.
1994
Random Ramsey graphs for the four-cycle. Zbl 0792.05128
Füredi, Zoltán
1994
Traces of finite sets: Extremal problems and geometric applications. Zbl 0816.05059
Füredi, Z.; Pach, J.
1994
The order dimension of two levels of the Boolean lattices. Zbl 0810.06004
Füredi, Zoltán
1994
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The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata. | 2021-07-31T05:24:49 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5262281894683838, "perplexity": 11438.287005784641}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154053.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210731043043-20210731073043-00168.warc.gz"} |
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/fsr/2020/oct/box-b-business-failure-risk-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-technical-appendix.html | # Financial Stability Review – October 2020Box B: Business Failure Risk in the COVID-19 Pandemic – Technical Appendix
This Technical Appendix outlines the assumptions underpinning the scenario analysis in Box B. It also discusses some of the ABS BLADE data definitions and limitations and how the data are cleaned prior to analysis.
The BLADE database has information on sales, employment and value-added for sole traders but not balance sheet information, such as assets and liabilities. Because of the focus on balance sheets in Box B, sole traders are excluded from the analysis.
Following ABS definitions, the analysis focuses on ‘active’ businesses that pay the goods and services tax (GST) which means the sample is restricted to businesses that make at least $75,000 a year in revenue (this is the cut-off for GST payment). Extreme observations are deleted based on the following criteria: firms reporting negative sales or assets or expenses; the cash-to-assets ratio is greater than 100 per cent; the ratio of current assets to current liabilities exceeds 1,000 per cent; the ratio of cash to total expenses exceeds 10,000 per cent; the ratio of debt to assets exceeds 1,000 per cent; and the return on assets is greater than 1,000 per cent or less than −1,000 per cent. A direct measure of firm failure or insolvency is not available in BLADE. Instead, a firm is assumed to fail when it exits, holds debt and is in negative equity. A direct measure of cash holdings is also not available in BLADE as this information is not collected in tax returns. Instead, ‘cash’ is meant to measure both cash on hand and bank deposits, and is defined as total current assets less accounts receivable and the closing stock of inventories. ## Scenario assumptions The analysis considers three scenarios: 1. a COVID-19 shock scenario (with a sharp decline in business revenue and no policy intervention); 2. a COVID-19 policy scenario (with the same decline in revenue and policy intervention); and 3. a counterfactual ‘normal times’ scenario based on firms' 2017/18 balance sheets. For the ‘shock’ scenario, the economic downturn is modelled as a decline in business cash flow due to both lower revenue and a limited ability for firms to adjust expenses. The scenario is based on a wide range of sources, including timely indicators of business revenue, Bank forecasts and liaison. Judgement has also been applied as revenue forecasts that exclude the effect of the policy measures are not readily available. In each year, there is a ‘shock’ to the revenue of each firm that has both an industry-specific component and a random firm-specific component. So some industries get hit harder than others by the downturn and even within the hardest hit industries there are some firms that suffer more. Those firms operating in ‘more affected’ industries face larger negative revenue shocks in the June quarter 2020. These hard-hit industries include accommodation and food services and arts and recreation services. All industries are assumed to have no recovery in revenue during 2020/21. Firms can partly offset changes in revenue by changing their variable costs, including labour, intermediate input and even some fixed costs. The sensitivity of these input costs to changes in revenue is estimated from historical relationships (with elasticities of around 0.75, 1.10 and 0.40 for labour costs, intermediate input and other costs, respectively).[1] For the ‘policy’ scenario, four separate income support policy interventions are considered: • JobKeeper (JK): This program reduces labour costs for eligible businesses. The share of businesses in each industry that received JK payments in April or May 2020 are included in the BLADE data environment (Graph B.7). For the firms that report receiving JK, labour costs are assumed to decline by the amount of the subsidy ($1,500 per worker per fortnight in the June quarter 2020, $1,500 in the September quarter 2020,$1,000 in the December quarter 2020 and $800 in the March quarter 2021). • Cash Flow Boost for Employers: This program gives between$20,000 and $100,000 to businesses with annual turnover of less than$50 million and that employ staff, so long as they have made payments to employees subject to tax withholding. Eligible businesses receive two one-off payments (the first in the June quarter and the second in the September quarter). These payments are equivalent to business PAYG tax withholdings for the year capped at $100,000, and all eligible firms receive at least$20,000 in total.
• Loan repayment deferrals: the interest expenses of businesses with debt are assumed to be equal to zero in the June and September 2020 quarters and then revert to their 2017/18 level in the December 2020 quarter (and beyond). This assumes that every indebted business is given a loan repayment deferral, and the lender does not capitalise the interest. This could be interpreted as an upper bound on the income support given that about one-fifth of firms have received loan repayment deferrals. However, this assumption also does not allow for relief in terms of principal payments, which works in the opposite direction and may underestimate the effect of the deferrals on business cash flow.
• Rent reductions: The rent expenses of each business is reduced in proportion to their estimated fall in revenue consistent with the principles set out in the Government's Mandatory Code of Conduct. The Code of Conduct entitles eligible tenants facing financial hardship to request rent reductions during the pandemic.
## Firm-level model
The probability of failure at the firm-level is estimated as a function of various balance sheet indicators, which are outlined below.
• Cash flow (expressed as a ratio to total assets): over the long term, business survival is not possible without cash flow. Hence, a firm with low cash flow is more likely to cease operations due to poor performance.
• Gearing (ratio of debt to assets): firms that have relatively high gearing are more vulnerable to asset devaluations as they have a relatively small equity buffer. This makes them more likely to go bankrupt. Moreover, high gearing is likely to be associated with more debt serviceability issues. Debt is defined as total non-current liabilities, as debt is not reported separately in the data.
• Liquidity (ratio of current assets to current liabilities): measures a company's ability to finance its short-term debts (obligations payable within the coming year). All else being equal, a lower ratio implies that a firm will have more trouble meeting its financial obligations and is therefore likely to be associated with having a higher failure risk.
• Size (log of number of employees): small firms may be more likely to fail than large firms as small firms are more likely to be credit constrained and presumably have less bargaining power with suppliers and creditors. All else being equal, size should be negatively associated with the probability of failure.
The distribution of business failure rates across the various balance sheet indicators used in the model are shown below (Graph B.8).[2] Overall, the results indicate that, prior to the pandemic, firms were more likely to fail when they were smaller, younger and less profitable, had fewer liquid assets and were more leveraged.
The firm-level logit model is specified as:
$log\left(\frac{{FAILURE}_{it}}{1-{FAILURE}_{it}}\right)=\beta {CASHFLOW}_{ijt}+\gamma {CONTROLS}_{ijt}+{\mu }_{j}+{\epsilon }_{ijt}$
Where:
• FAILURE is a dummy variable that is equal to one if firm i in industry j failed at time t and is zero otherwise.
• CASHFLOW is the cash flow of the business and is measured as the ratio of cash flows to total assets in the current financial year. This is a key variable of interest and so is separated from the other balance sheet indicators. Cash flow enters the regression as a series of dummy variables to allow for non-linear effects between firms' profitability and likelihood of failure.
• CONTROLS consists of other time-varying balance sheet indicators such as liquidity, leverage and firm size. It also includes some business demographics such as age (and its square) as well as a dummy variable that equals one if the firm is part of an enterprise group and is zero otherwise.
• µ are industry fixed effects which control for unobserved time-invariant industry characteristics at the 4-digit ANZSIC level that explain why some industries are inherently riskier than others.
The model is estimated on a sample period covering the financial years from 2002/03 to 2015/16 and comprises more than 6 million observations. The results are shown in Table B.1 and discussed in Box B.
Probability of failure Logit OLS Coefficients dy/dx Coefficients Excluded category 0.3976*** (0.067) 0.007 −0.0018 (0.002) 0.367*** (0.058) 0.006 −0.0032* (0.002) 0.193*** (0.052) 0.003 −0.0093*** (0.0022) −0.042 (0.055) −0.0006 −0.0143*** (0.0023) −0.649*** (0.047) −0.007 −0.0213*** (0.0028) −0.878*** (0.071) −0.008 −0.0228*** (0.003) −1.068*** (0.075) −0.009 −0.0237*** (0.003) −1.290*** (0.070) −0.010 −0.0244*** (0.003) −1.468*** (0.080) −0.011 −0.0247*** (0.0031) 0.543*** (0.017) 0.0029 0.0205*** (0.002) −0.180*** (0.019) −0.001 −0.0014*** (0.000) −0.098*** (0.006) −0.0005 −0.00094*** (0.000) 0.0014*** (0.000) 0.0000 0.00002*** (0.000) −0.103*** (0.015) −0.0006 −0.00077*** (0.000) 0.112 (0.152) 0.0006 0.0006 (0.0005) 0.159*** (0.053) 0.0009 0.003*** (0.0004) 0.254*** (0.087) 0.0015 0.002*** (0.001) −4.203*** (0.053) 0.0295*** (0.003) No No Yes Yes 0.1232 0.0259 6,717,933 6,717,933 Note: ***,**,* denote statistically significant at the one, five and ten per cent levels, respectively. Standard errors are shown in parentheses and are clustered at the industry level. Margins are calculated at the means. Sources: ABS; RBA
## Endnotes
In practice, these elasticities are allowed to vary by industry. [1]
The graph shows unconditional correlations between failure rates and each of cash flow, liquidity and leverage. It does not show the conditional relationships that will be captured in the regression model. The model allows for the fact that cash flow, liquidity and gearing can be correlated. [2] | 2022-11-26T08:44:36 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 1, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.2982943654060364, "perplexity": 4159.5068110456}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446706285.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20221126080725-20221126110725-00599.warc.gz"} |
https://pos.sissa.it/214/161/ | Volume 214 - The 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE2014) - Hadron Structure
Leading-order hadronic contribution to $g_\mu-2$ from $N_f=2+1$ simulations down to the physical pion mass
R. Malak*, Z. Fodor, C. Hoelbling, L. Lellouch, A. Sastre and K. Szabo
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Published on: May 21, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.214.0161
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Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. | 2023-02-08T01:36:09 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.24102884531021118, "perplexity": 5335.174470601126}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00500.warc.gz"} |
https://www.pnnl.gov/projects?projects%5B0%5D=research-topic%3AData%20Analytics%20%26%20Machine%20Learning&projects%5B1%5D=research-topic%3ARadiation%20Measurement | 2 results found
Filtered by Data Analytics & Machine Learning and Radiation Measurement
INITIATIVE
PROGRAM
### STAYSL PNNL Software Suite for Reactor Dosimetry
A software suite for working with neutron activation rates measured in a nuclear fission reactor, an accelerator-based neutron source, or any neutron field to determine the neutron flux spectrum using a generalized least-squares approach. | 2021-09-19T13:21:02 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8073605895042419, "perplexity": 4999.309831910909}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056890.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20210919125659-20210919155659-00686.warc.gz"} |
https://bison.inl.gov/Documentation/source/kernels/MOXPoreDiffusion.aspx | # MOX Pore Restructuring: Diffusion
MOX porosity diffusion kernel used with kernel MOXPoreContinuity.
## Description
Pore migration, or restructuring, is modeled by applying the concept of pore conservation. Numerical instability in solving continuity (see second term in the subsequent equation) using finite elements is a common problem. The addition of diffusion can reduce numerical instability. When running MOX pore migration simulation, using this class, MOXPoreDiffusion, is recommended. See the third term in following continuity equation: (1) where is the porosity, is the pore velocity, is the temperature, and is the diffusion coefficient (a constant in this case). This term is very much like a diffusion kernel found in MOOSE, with the exception of parameters that constrain this kernel to be active only when the function specified by the parameter heating_function is increasing with time. The pore speed, comes from a calculation performed in MOXPoreVelocity or MOXPoreVelocityVaporPressure.
under construction
This class is still under development!
See bison/test/tests/mox_pore_velocity/ for examples of how this class should be used.
## Input Parameters
• variableThe name of the variable that this Kernel operates on
C++ Type:NonlinearVariableName
Description:The name of the variable that this Kernel operates on
• nuporosity diffusion coefficient
C++ Type:double
Description:porosity diffusion coefficient
### Required Parameters
• heating_functionfunction for ralp
C++ Type:FunctionName
Description:function for ralp
• hmax1hmax
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Description:hmax
• v_upper1e-10v_upper
Default:1e-10
C++ Type:double
Description:v_upper
• v_lower1e-15v_lower
Default:1e-15
C++ Type:double
Description:v_lower
• debugFalseWhether or not to debug
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Description:Whether or not to debug
• blockThe list of block ids (SubdomainID) that this object will be applied
C++ Type:std::vector
Description:The list of block ids (SubdomainID) that this object will be applied
### Optional Parameters
• enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
• save_inThe name of auxiliary variables to save this Kernel's residual contributions to. Everything about that variable must match everything about this variable (the type, what blocks it's on, etc.)
C++ Type:std::vector
Description:The name of auxiliary variables to save this Kernel's residual contributions to. Everything about that variable must match everything about this variable (the type, what blocks it's on, etc.)
• use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
• control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
• seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Description:The seed for the master random number generator
• diag_save_inThe name of auxiliary variables to save this Kernel's diagonal Jacobian contributions to. Everything about that variable must match everything about this variable (the type, what blocks it's on, etc.)
C++ Type:std::vector
Description:The name of auxiliary variables to save this Kernel's diagonal Jacobian contributions to. Everything about that variable must match everything about this variable (the type, what blocks it's on, etc.)
• implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
• vector_tagsnontimeThe tag for the vectors this Kernel should fill
Default:nontime
C++ Type:MultiMooseEnum
Description:The tag for the vectors this Kernel should fill
• extra_vector_tagsThe extra tags for the vectors this Kernel should fill
C++ Type:std::vector
Description:The extra tags for the vectors this Kernel should fill
• matrix_tagssystemThe tag for the matrices this Kernel should fill
Default:system
C++ Type:MultiMooseEnum
Description:The tag for the matrices this Kernel should fill
• extra_matrix_tagsThe extra tags for the matrices this Kernel should fill
C++ Type:std::vector
Description:The extra tags for the matrices this Kernel should fill | 2020-12-04T05:58:04 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.18611498177051544, "perplexity": 5805.137761359948}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141733122.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204040803-20201204070803-00654.warc.gz"} |
https://pos.sissa.it/414/452/ | Volume 414 - 41st International Conference on High Energy physics (ICHEP2022) - Heavy Ions
Thermal radiation and direct photon production in Pb-Pb and pp collisions with dielectrons in ALICE
D. Sekihata
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: November 15, 2022
Published on:
Abstract
Dielectrons are unique tools to study the space-time evolution of the hot and dense QCD matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
They are produced by a variety of processes during all stages of the collision with negligible final-state interactions.
Thermal radiation from the hadronic phase contributes to the spectrum at low invariant mass ($m_{\rm ee}$),
while thermal radiation from the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at larger $m_{\rm ee}$ carries information about the early temperature of the medium.
The latter is dominated by a large background from semileptonic decays of correlated heavy-flavor hadrons affected by parton energy loss and flow in the medium.
In the quasi-real virtual photon region where $m_{\rm ee} \ll p_{\rm T,ee}$, the direct photon fraction can be extracted from the $m_{\rm ee}$ spectrum as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T,ee}$).
In pp collisions, such measurement serves as a fundamental test for perturbative QCD calculations and as a baseline for the studies in heavy-ion collisions.
We discuss the latest ALICE results on dielectron production in Pb--Pb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV and $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, respectively.
The results are compared with the expected dielectron yield from known hadronic sources and predictions for thermal radiation from the medium.
The production of direct photons in the different colliding systems including high-multiplicity pp collisions is also reported.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.414.0452
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in "article" format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in "proceeding" format which is more detailed and complete.
Open Access
Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | 2023-01-28T17:12:20 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.697128176689148, "perplexity": 2098.0751013970707}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": false, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499646.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128153513-20230128183513-00877.warc.gz"} |
https://wiki.bnl.gov/eic/index.php?title=PYTHIA&diff=7500&oldid=7499 | # Difference between revisions of "PYTHIA"
## Overview of PYTHIA:
• For e-p collisions only versions of PYTHIA 6.4 can be used, the absolute latest version 6.4.28 is installed and all improvements are integrated.
• Over the years we have implemented many changes to PYTHIA to correct some problems we found and to integrate some eA physics. All is documented here in PYTHIAChanges
Pythia8 does not yet fully support e-p collisions.
#### Pythia processes important in e-p
Subprocess # Description
soft VMD
V N → V N 91 elastic VMD
V N → X N 92 single-diffractive VMD
V N → V X 93 single-diffractive VMD
V N → X X 94 double-diffractive VMD
V N → X 95 soft non-diffractive VMD low-pT
QCD 2→2
96 semihard QCD 2→2
RESOLVED (hard VMD and anomalous)
qq → qq 11 QCD 2 → 2(q)
q qbar → q qbar 12
q qbar → gg 13
gq → gq 28
qg → qg 28 QCD 2 → 2(g)
gg → q qbar 53
gg → gg 68
DIRECT
γ∗q → q 99 LO DIS
γ∗T q → qg 131 (transverse) QCDC
γ∗L q → qg 132 (longitudinal) QCDC
γ∗T g → q qbar 135 (transverse) PGF
γ∗L g → q qbar 136 (longitudinal) PGF
VMD: Vector Meson Dominance, describing the elastic diffractive production of Vector Mesons. QCDC: QCD-Compton, radiation of a gluon from incoming or outgoing quark lines. PGF: Photon Gluon Fusion.
## pythiaeRHIC
pythiaeRHIC is the EIC science task force's programme for running PYTHIA. It is based on PYTHIA 6.4.28 and was modified to include radiative corrections using RADGEN. The main programme can be viewed here. Installations can be found under the EIC AFS directory, numbered by version. e.g. version 1.0.0 is located at
/afs/rhic.bnl.gov/eic/PACKAGES/pythiaeRHIC/1.0.0
The code can also be checked out from the EIC Subversion repository. To check out a particular version e.g. 1.0.0, do:
svn checkout http://svn.racf.bnl.gov/svn/eic/Generators/pythiaeRHIC/tags/1.0.0 pythiaeRHIC
To check out the version with the latest updates, do:
svn checkout http://svn.racf.bnl.gov/svn/eic/Generators/pythiaeRHIC/trunk pythiaeRHIC
It is compiled using configure and make. Building the programme generates an executable named pythiaeRHIC, plus shared libraries for PYTHIA and RADGEN. Input is provided by a steer file, an example of which is included with the distribution (see below for the location of more examples). Output can be produced in a ROOT tree format, described here, or an ASCII file, described below. See the included README for further instructions on building and running.
### Original version
The original version of the code supported ASCII output only, but is the same in physics content (e.g. supporting radiative corrections). An installation is located at
/afs/rhic.bnl.gov/eic/PACKAGES/PYTHIA-RAD-CORR-32BIT
This directory contains several example steer files, named "input.data. XXXXX.eic", which also work with the new code. There are also generated RADGEN lookup tables. Here are example files for eAu and ep. The main program, named pyMaineRHIC.f, can be viewed here. Several other routines are needed, which are in the same directory.
### ASCII output file structure
The output file text format has the following structure:
• 1st line: "PYTHIA EVENT FILE"
• 2nd line: "============================================"
• 3rd line: Information on event wise variables stored in the file
I: 0 (line index) ievent: eventnumber running from 1 to XXX genevent: trials to generate this event subprocess: pythia subprocess (MSTI(1)), for details see table above nucleon: hadron beam type (MSTI(12)) targetparton: parton hit in the target (MSTI(16)) xtargparton: x of target parton (PARI(34)) beamparton: in case of resolved photon processes and soft VMD the virtual photon has a hadronic structure. This gives the info which parton interacted with the target parton (MSTI(15)) xbeamparton: x of beam parton (PARI(33)) thetabeamparton: theta of beam parton (PARI(53)) truey, trueQ2, truex, trueW2, trueNu: are the kinematic variables of the event. If radiative corrections are turned on they are different from what is calculated from the scattered lepton. If radiative corrections are turned off they are the same as what is calculated from the scattered lepton leptonphi: phi of the lepton (VINT(313)) s_hat: shat of the process (PARI(14)) t_hat: Mandelstam t (PARI(15)) u_hat: Mandelstm u (PARI(16)) pt2_hat: pthat^2 of the hard scattering (PARI(18)) Q2_hat: Q2hat of the hard scattering (PARI(22)), F2, F1, R, sigma_rad, SigRadCor: information used and needed in the radiative correction code EBrems: energy of the radiative photon in the nuclear rest frame photonflux: flux factor from PYTHIA (VINT(319)) nrTracks: number of tracks in this event, includes also virtual particles
• 4th line: "============================================"
• 5th line: Information on track wise variables stored in the file
I: line index, runs from 1 to nrTracks K(I,1): status code KS (1: stable particles 11: particles which decay 55; radiative photon) K(I,2): particle KF code (211: pion, 2112:n, ....) K(I,3): line number of parent particle K(I,4): normally the line number of the first daughter; it is 0 for an undecayed particle or unfragmented parton K(I,5): normally the line number of the last daughter; it is 0 for an undecayed particle or unfragmented parton. P(I,1): px of particle P(I,2): py of particle P(I,3): pz of particle P(I,4): Energy of particle P(I,5): mass of particle V(I,1): x vertex information V(I,2): y vertex information V(I,3): z vertex information
• 6th line: "============================================"
• 7th line: event information for first event
• 8th line: "============================================"
• 9th to X-1 line: trackwise info of 1st event
• Xth line "=============== Event finished ==============="
The first six lines form the file header, while the information from line 7 to X repeats for each event. A ROOT file can be generated from the ASCII file using the BuildTree routine. The produced tree is equivalent to that produced directly by pythiaeRHIC.
### TPythia6
ROOT supports an interface to PYTHIA via the class TPythia6. This allows PYTHIA to be configured, run and analysed from within a ROOT session, which can be a more convenient than using PYTHIA as a separate programme. The EIC installations of ROOT support TPythia6, but be aware that the version of PYTHIA interfaced with ROOT is the "vanilla" distribution, and hence lacks the EIC additions. If you require these for your analysis you should only use the standalone pythiaeRHIC program me.
This means you miss:
• the possibility for radiative corrections
• a correct treatment of the pt of the remnant
• all the improvements to the VMD model in PYTHIA to describe the HERA exclusive VM data
• the possibility to run with nuclear PDFs
## Using pythiaeRHIC
### How to Run the Code
Use redirection to input a steer file to configure pythiaeRHIC's behavior [and optionally direct messages to a log file]:
pythiaeRHIC < input.data_noradcor.eic [ > XXX.log ]
The "input.data_noradcor.eic" steer file is one of the steer file examples, with settings tuned for Hermes, and/or H1 and ZEUS. If you want to run only elastic vector meson production the example steer file is "input.data_noradcor.VM.eic"
• Create a directory called radgen in the area you want to run the code.
• Either generate the lookup table for your cuts and beam energy settings first…
pythiaeRHIC < input.data_make-radcor.eic
• …or use one of the files already generated, located here:
/afs/rhic.bnl.gov/eic/PACKAGES/PYTHIA-RAD-CORR-32BIT/radgen
• To run the code with radiative corrections simply change the steer file to either input.data_radcor.eic or input.data_radcor.VM.eic and type
pythiaeRHIC < input.data_radcor.eic > XXX.log
### Monte Carlo normalization
To normalize your counts to a cross section you need two pieces of information:
1. the total number of event trials, NGEN(0,3), which is printed to the screen/logfile when PYTHIA finishes.
2. the total integrated cross section, PARI(1), printed in microbarn (10-6) to the screen/logfile when PYTHIA finishes.
Both these values are also written to the output ROOT file as TObjStrings. Recall that
Counts = Integrated Luminosity x Cross Section. The cross section represented by some event count is
count * total integrated cross section / total number of trials
To calculate the corresponding luminosity represented by the generated events
Luminosity = total number of trials / total integrated cross section | 2022-12-03T07:03:57 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5702374577522278, "perplexity": 10181.100122265285}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710924.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203043643-20221203073643-00180.warc.gz"} |
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pmc/section5/pmc551.htm | 6. Process or Product Monitoring and Control
6.5. Tutorials
6.5.5. Principal Components
## Properties of Principal Components
Orthogonalizing Transformations
Transformation from $${\bf z}$$ to $${\bf y}$$ The equation $${\bf y} = {\bf V}'{\bf z}$$ represents a transformation, where $${\bf y}$$ is the transformed variable, $${\bf z}$$ is the original standardized variable, and $${\bf V}$$ is the premultiplier to go from $${\bf z}$$ to $${\bf y}$$.
Orthogonal transformations simplify things To produce a transformation vector for $${\bf y}$$ for which the elements are uncorrelated is the same as saying that we want $${\bf V}$$ such that $${\bf D}_{\bf y}$$ is a diagonal matrix. That is, all the off-diagonal elements of $${\bf D}_{\bf y}$$ must be zero. This is called an orthogonalizing transformation.
Infinite number of values for $${\bf V}$$ There are an infinite number of values for $${\bf V}$$ that will produce a diagonal $${\bf D}_{\bf y}$$ for any correlation matrix $${\bf R}$$. Thus the mathematical problem "find a unique $${\bf V}$$ such that $${\bf D}_{\bf y}$$ is diagonal" cannot be solved as it stands. A number of famous statisticians such as Karl Pearson and Harold Hotelling pondered this problem and suggested a "variance maximizing" solution.
Principal components maximize variance of the transformed elements, one by one Hotelling (1933) derived the "principal components" solution. It proceeds as follows: for the first principal component, which will be the first element of $${\bf y}$$ and be defined by the coefficients in the first column of $${\bf V}$$, (denoted by $${\bf v}_1$$), we want a solution such that the variance of $${\bf y}_1$$ will be maximized.
Constrain $${\bf v}$$ to generate a unique solution The constraint on the numbers in $${\bf v}_1$$ is that the sum of the squares of the coefficients equals 1. Expressed mathematically, we wish to maximize $$\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N Y_{1i}^2 \, ,$$ where $$y_{1i} = {\bf v}_1' {\bf z}_i \, ,$$ and $${\bf v}_1'{\bf v}_1 = 1$$ (this is called "normalizing" $${\bf v}_1$$).
Computation of first principal component from $${\bf R}$$ and $${\bf v}_1$$ Substituting the middle equation in the first yields $$\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N Y_{1i}^2 = {\bf v}_1' {\bf R} {\bf v}_1 \, ,$$ where $${\bf R}$$ is the correlation matrix of $${\bf Z}$$, which, in turn, is the standardized matrix of $${\bf X}$$, the original data matrix. Therefore, we want to maximize $${\bf v}_1' {\bf R} {\bf v}_1$$ subject to $${\bf v}_1'{\bf v}_1 = 1$$.
The eigenstructure
Lagrange multiplier approach Let $$\phi_1 = {\bf v}_1' {\bf R} {\bf v}_1 - \lambda_1({\bf v}_1'{\bf v}_1 - 1)$$ introduce the restriction on $${\bf v}_1$$ via the Lagrange multiplier approach. It can be shown (T.W. Anderson, 1958, page 347, theorem 8) that the vector of partial derivatives is $$\frac{\partial \phi_1}{\partial {\bf v}_1} = 2 {\bf R} {\bf v}_1 - 2 \lambda_1 {\bf v}_1 \, ,$$ and setting this equal to zero, dividing out 2, and factoring, gives $$({\bf R} - \lambda_1 {\bf I}) {\bf v}_1 = 0 \, .$$ This is known as "the problem of the eigenstructure of $${\bf R}$$".
Set of $$p$$ homogeneous equations The partial differentiation resulted in a set of $$p$$ homogeneous equations, which may be written in matrix form as follows. $$\left[ \begin{array}{cccc} (1-\lambda_i) & r_{12} & \cdots & r_{1p} \\ r_{21} & (1-\lambda_i) & \cdots & r_{2p} \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ r_{p1} & r_{p2} & \cdots & (1-\lambda_i) \end{array} \right] \left[ \begin{array}{c} v_{1i} \\ v_{2i} \\ \vdots \\ v_{pi} \end{array} \right] = \left[ \begin{array}{c} 0 \\ 0 \\ \vdots \\ 0 \end{array} \right]$$
The characteristic equation
Characterstic equation of $${\bf R}$$ is a polynomial of degree $$p$$ The characteristic equation of $${\bf R}$$ is a polynomial of degree $$p$$, which is obtained by expanding the determinant of $$|{\bf R} - \lambda {\bf I}| = \left| \begin{array}{cccc} r_{11}-\lambda & r_{12} & \cdots & r_{1p} \\ r_{21} & r_{22}-\lambda & \cdots & r_{2p} \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ r_{p1} & r_{p2} & \cdots & r_{pp}-\lambda \end{array} \right| = 0 \, ,$$ and solving for the roots $$\lambda_j, \, j = 1, \, 2, \, \ldots, \, p$$.
Largest eigenvalue Specifically, the largest eigenvalue, $$\lambda_1$$, and its associated vector, $${\bf v}_1$$, are required. Solving for this eigenvalue and vector is another mammoth numerical task that can realistically only be performed by a computer. In general, software is involved and the algorithms are complex.
Remaining $$p$$ eigenvalues After obtaining the first eigenvalue, the process is repeated until all $$p$$ eigenvalues are computed.
Full eigenstructure of $${\bf R}$$ To succinctly define the full eigenstructure of $${\bf R}$$, we introduce another matrix $${\bf L}$$ which is a diagonal matrix with $$\lambda_j$$ in the $$j$$th position on the diagonal. Then the full eigenstructure of $${\bf R}$$ is given as
$${\bf RV} = {\bf VL}$$,
where
$${\bf V}'{\bf V} = {\bf VV}' = {\bf I}$$
and
$${\bf V}'{\bf RV} = {\bf L} = {\bf D_y}$$.
Principal Factors
Scale to zero means and unit variances It was mentioned before that it is helpful to scale any transformation $${\bf y}$$ of a vector variable $${\bf z}$$ so that its elements have zero means and unit variances. Such a standardized transformation is called a factoring of $${\bf z}$$, or of $${\bf R}$$, and each linear component of the transformation is called a factor.
Deriving unit variances for principal components Now, the principal components already have zero means, but their variances are not 1; in fact, they are the eigenvalues, comprising the diagonal elements of $${\bf L}$$. It is possible to derive the principal factor with unit variance from the principal component as follows: $$f_i = \frac{y_i}{\sqrt{\lambda}} \, ,$$ or for all factors, $$f = {\bf L}^{-1/2}{\bf y} \, .$$ Substituting $${\bf V}'{\bf z}$$ for $${\bf y}$$ we have $$f = {\bf L}^{-1/2} {\bf V}' {\bf z} = {\bf B}'{\bf z} \, ,$$ where $${\bf B} = {\bf VL}^{-1/2} \, .$$
$${\bf B}$$ matrix The matrix $${\bf B}$$ is then the matrix of factor score coefficients for principal factors.
How many Eigenvalues?
Dimensionality of the set of factor scores The number of eigenvalues, $$N$$, used in the final set determines the dimensionality of the set of factor scores. For example, if the original test consisted of 8 measurements on 100 subjects, and we extract 2 eigenvalues, the set of factor scores is a matrix of 100 rows by 2 columns.
Eigenvalues greater than unity Each column or principal factor should represent a number of original variables. Kaiser (1966) suggested a rule-of-thumb that takes as a value for $$N$$, the number of eigenvalues larger than unity.
Factor Structure
Factor structure matrix $${\bf S}$$ The primary interpretative device in principal components is the factor structure, computed as $${\bf S} = {\bf VL}^{1/2} \, .$$ $${\bf S}$$ is a matrix whose elements are the correlations between the principal components and the variables. If we retain, for example, two eigenvalues, meaning that there are two principal components, then the $${\bf S}$$ matrix consists of two columns and $$p$$ (number of variables) rows.
Table showing relation between variables and principal components
Principal Component
Variable 1 2
1 $$r_{11}$$ $$r_{12}$$
2 $$r_{21}$$ $$r_{22}$$
3 $$r_{31}$$ $$r_{32}$$
4 $$r_{41}$$ $$r_{42}$$
The $$r_{ij}$$ are the correlation coefficients between variable $$i$$ and principal component $$j$$, where $$i$$ ranges from 1 to 4 and $$j$$ from 1 to 2.
The communality $${\bf SS}'$$ is the source of the "explained" correlations among the variables. Its diagonal is called "the communality".
Rotation
Factor analysis If this correlation matrix, i.e., the factor structure matrix, does not help much in the interpretation, it is possible to rotate the axis of the principal components. This may result in the polarization of the correlation coefficients. Some practitioners refer to rotation after generating the factor structure as factor analysis.
Varimax rotation A popular scheme for rotation was suggested by Henry Kaiser in 1958. He produced a method for orthogonal rotation of factors, called the varimax rotation, which cleans up the factors as follows:
For each factor, high loadings (correlations) will result for a few variables; the rest will be near zero.
Example The following computer output from a principal component analysis on a four-variable data set, followed by varimax rotation of the factor structure, will illustrate his point.
Before Rotation After Rotation
Variable Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 1 Factor 2
1 0.853 -0.989 0.997 0.058
2 0.634 0.762 0.089 0.987
3 0.858 -0.498 0.989 0.076
4 0.633 0.736 0.103 0.965
Communality
Formula for communality statistic A measure of how well the selected factors (principal components) "explain" the variance of each of the variables is given by a statistic called communality. This is defined by $$h_k^2 = \sum_{i=1}^k S_{ki}^2 \, .$$
Explanation of communality statistic That is: the square of the correlation of variable $$k$$ with factor $$i$$ gives the part of the variance accounted for by that factor. The sum of these squares for $$n$$ factors is the communality, or explained variable for that variable (row).
Roadmap to solve the V matrix
Main steps to obtaining eigenstructure for a correlation matrix In summary, here are the main steps to obtain the eigenstructure for a correlation matrix.
1. Compute $${\bf R}$$, the correlation matrix of the original data. $${\bf R}$$ is also the correlation matrix of the standardized data.
2. Obtain the characteristic equation of $${\bf R}$$ which is a polynomial of degree $$p$$ (the number of variables), obtained from expanding the determinant of $$|{\bf R} - \lambda{\bf I}|=0$$ and solving for the roots $$\lambda_p$$, that is: $$\lambda_1, \, \lambda_2, \, \ldots, \, \lambda_p$$.
3. Then solve for the columns of the $${\bf V}$$ matrix, ($${\bf v}_1, \, {\bf v}_2\, \, \ldots, \, {\bf v}_p$$). The roots, $$\lambda_i$$, are called the eigenvalues (or latent values). The columns of $${\bf V}$$ are called the eigenvectors. | 2015-08-28T12:42:13 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 2, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9146267771720886, "perplexity": 303.69331969940635}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644062782.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025422-00197-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10112673 | Magnetic field–induced pair density wave state in the cuprate vortex halo
High magnetic fields suppress cuprate superconductivity to reveal an unusual density wave (DW) state coexisting with unexplained quantum oscillations. Although routinely labeled a charge density wave (CDW), this DW state could actually be an electron-pair density wave (PDW). To search for evidence of a field-induced PDW, we visualized modulations in the density of electronic states N ( r ) within the halo surrounding Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 vortex cores. We detected numerous phenomena predicted for a field-induced PDW, including two sets of particle-hole symmetric N ( r ) modulations with wave vectors Q P and 2 Q P , with the latter decaying twice as rapidly from the core as the former. These data imply that the primary field-induced state in underdoped superconducting cuprates is a PDW, with approximately eight CuO 2 unit-cell periodicity and coexisting with its secondary CDWs.
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10112673
Journal Name:
Science
Volume:
364
Issue:
6444
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
976 to 980
ISSN:
0036-8075
2. Abstract An unidentified quantum fluid designated the pseudogap (PG) phase is produced by electron-density depletion in the CuO 2 antiferromagnetic insulator. Current theories suggest that the PG phase may be a pair density wave (PDW) state characterized by a spatially modulating density of electron pairs. Such a state should exhibit a periodically modulating energy gap $${\Delta }_{{{{{{\rm{P}}}}}}}({{{{{\boldsymbol{r}}}}}})$$ Δ P ( r ) in real-space, and a characteristic quasiparticle scattering interference (QPI) signature $${\Lambda }_{{{{{{\rm{P}}}}}}}({{{{{\boldsymbol{q}}}}}})$$ Λ P ( q ) in wavevector space. By studying strongly underdoped Bi 2 Sr 2 CaDyCu 2 O 8 at hole-density ~0.08 in the superconductive phase, we detect the 8 a 0 -periodic $${\Delta }_{{{{{{\rm{P}}}}}}}({{{{{\boldsymbol{r}}}}}})$$ Δ P ( r ) modulations signifying a PDW coexisting with superconductivity. Then, by visualizing the temperature dependence of this electronic structure from the superconducting into the pseudogap phase, we find the evolution of the scattering interference signature $$\Lambda ({{{{{\boldsymbol{q}}}}}})$$ Λ ( q ) that is predicted specifically for the temperature dependence of an 8 a 0 -periodic PDW. These observations are consistent with theory for the transition from a PDW state coexisting with d -wave superconductivity to a pure PDW state in the Bi 2 Sr 2 CaDyCu 2more »
A pair-density-wave (PDW) is a superconducting state with an oscillating order parameter. A microscopic mechanism that can give rise to it has been long sought but has not yet been established by any controlled calculation. Here we report a density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) study of an effectivet-J-Vmodel, which is equivalent to the Holstein-Hubbard model in a strong-coupling limit, on long two-, four-, and six-leg triangular cylinders. While a state with long-range PDW order is precluded in one dimension, we find strong quasi-long-range PDW order with a divergent PDW susceptibility as well as the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal and inversion symmetries. Despite the strong interactions, the underlying Fermi surfaces and electron pockets around theKand$${K}^{\prime}$$${K}^{\prime }$points in the Brillouin zone can be identified. We conclude that the state is valley-polarized and that the PDW arises from intra-pocket pairing with an incommensurate center of mass momentum. In the two-leg case, the exponential decay of spin correlations and the measured central chargec ≈ 1 are consistent with an unusual realization of a Luther-Emery liquid.
GW190425 was the second gravitational wave (GW) signal compatible with a binary neutron star (BNS) merger detected by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Since no electromagnetic counterpart was identified, whether the associated kilonova was too dim or the localization area too broad is still an open question. We simulate 28 BNS mergers with the chirp mass of GW190425 and mass ratio 1 ≤ q ≤ 1.67, using numerical-relativity simulations with finite-temperature, composition dependent equations of state (EOS) and neutrino radiation. The energy emitted in GWs is $\lesssim 0.083\mathrm{\, M_\odot }c^2$ with peak luminosity of 1.1–$2.4\times ~10^{58}/(1+q)^2\, {\rm {erg \, s^{-1}}}$. Dynamical ejecta and disc mass range between 5 × 10−6–10−3 and 10−5–$0.1 \mathrm{\, M_\odot }$, respectively. Asymmetric mergers, especially with stiff EOSs, unbind more matter and form heavier discs compared to equal mass binaries. The angular momentum of the disc is 8–$10\mathrm{\, M_\odot }~GM_{\rm {disc}}/c$ over three orders of magnitude in Mdisc. While the nucleosynthesis shows no peculiarity, the simulated kilonovae are relatively dim compared with GW170817. For distances compatible with GW190425, AB magnitudes are always dimmer than ∼20 mag for the B, r, and K bands, with brighter kilonovae associated to more asymmetric binaries and stiffer EOSs. We suggest that,more » | 2022-11-28T05:06:43 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 1, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6930888891220093, "perplexity": 3865.4401146868645}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710473.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128034307-20221128064307-00860.warc.gz"} |
https://alldimensions.fandom.com/wiki/User_blog:Leftunknown/integer_epsilons | ## FANDOM
2,964 Pages
if we use the rule of
$\varepsilon_{\alpha + 1} = \text{min}\{\beta|\beta=\omega^\beta\wedge\beta>\varepsilon_\alpha\}$ , which can also be
$\varepsilon_{\alpha + 1} = \varepsilon_{\alpha}^{\varepsilon_{\alpha}^{\cdots}}$ we can deduce the following:
• $\varepsilon_{-1} = \omega$
• $\varepsilon_{-2} = 1 + \frac{1}{\omega}$
• $\varepsilon_{-3} < \varepsilon_{-2}$
$\cdots$
• $\varepsilon_{\varepsilon_{-1}} = \varepsilon_{\omega}$
• $\varepsilon_{\varepsilon_{-2}} = \varepsilon_{1}$
• $\varepsilon_{-\varepsilon_{-1}} = \varepsilon_{-\omega}$
• $\varepsilon_{-\varepsilon_{-2}} = \omega$
although, set theory doesn't work with integers, so im not sure how accurate this is
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. | 2020-04-03T09:08:31 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8560864925384521, "perplexity": 1780.1654215182775}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370510352.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20200403061648-20200403091648-00140.warc.gz"} |
https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=B037&home=sumtabB | ${{\mathit \Lambda}}$ BARYONS($\mathit S$ = $-1$, $\mathit I$ = 0) ${{\mathit \Lambda}^{0}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit u}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit d}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$
#### ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$
$I(J^P)$ = $0(1/2^{-})$
In the 1998 Note on the ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ in PDG 1998 , R.H. Dalitz discussed the S-shaped cusp behavior of the intensity at the ${{\mathit N}}-{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ threshold observed in THOMAS 1973 and HEMINGWAY 1985 . He commented that this behavior "is characteristic of ${\mathit S}{\mathrm -wave}$ coupling; the other below threshold hyperon, the ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1385)}}$ , has no such threshold distortion because its ${{\mathit N}}-{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ coupling is ${\mathit P}{\mathrm -wave}$. For ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ this asymmetry is the sole direct evidence that $\mathit J{}^{P} = 1/2{}^{-}$." A recent measurement by the CLAS collaboration, MORIYA 2014 , definitively established the long-assumed $\mathit J{}^{P} = 1/2{}^{-}$ spin-parity assignment of the ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ . The experiment produced the ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ spin-polarized in the photoproduction process ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ and measured the decay of the ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ (polarized) $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}^{+}}$ (polarized) ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ . The observed isotropic decay of ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ is consistent with spin $\mathit J = 1/2$. The polarization transfer to the ${{\mathit \Sigma}^{+}}$ (polarized) direction revealed negative parity, and thus established $\mathit J{}^{P} = 1/2{}^{-}$.
See related review: Pole Structure of the ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ Region
${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ POLE POSITION
REAL PART
$-2{\times }$IMAGINARY PART
${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ MASS
PRODUCTION EXPERIMENTS $1405.1 {}^{+1.3}_{-1.0}$ MeV
EXTRAPOLATIONS BELOW ${{\mathit N}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ THRESHOLD
${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}$ WIDTH
PRODUCTION EXPERIMENTS $50.5 \pm2.0$ MeV
EXTRAPOLATIONS BELOW ${{\mathit N}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ THRESHOLD
$\Gamma_{1}$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ 100$\%$ 155
$\Gamma_{2}$ ${{\mathit \Lambda}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ 260
$\Gamma_{3}$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ 196
$\Gamma_{4}$ ${{\mathit N}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ -1
FOOTNOTES | 2023-01-31T19:16:13 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7915816903114319, "perplexity": 2648.1246273022816}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499890.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131190543-20230131220543-00828.warc.gz"} |
https://smo-speedrun.fandom.com/wiki/Cappy_return_cancel | ## FANDOM
127 Pages
A Cappy return cancel (often abbreviated as CRC) is a technique that can be exploited to allow Cappy to gain an extremely large amount of distance away from Mario in two-player mode. This distance can be used to activate Checkpoint Flags, trigger captures, and perform other actions at a great distance. Cappy return cancels were discovered by glitch hunter syrkl.
## Explanation Edit
In two-player mode, Cappy cannot normally exceed a certain distance away from Mario. However, if Cappy becomes stuck behind something, his path back to Mario will be blocked and he will be able to exceed the normal distance range. In this case, Cappy is in his extended state, meaning that while he will attempt to return to his normal range if there is a clear line of sight, he will simply stay put if there is not.
If the X or Y button is pressed while Cappy is in his extended state, Cappy will enter his returning state and attempt to return to Mario's head. Normally, when Cappy enters his returning state, he will simply fly back to Mario's head. If this is done while Cappy is either stuck behind something or extremely far away, Cappy will not be able to fly back to Mario's head in time and will simply teleport back to Mario after a few seconds.
It is possible to cancel this teleportation in order to revert Cappy back to his extended state. This is what is known as a Cappy return cancel. In order to perform one, the X or Y button must be pressed on Cappy's controller at the exact moment that Cappy attempts to teleport back to Mario (the window is estimated to be two frames). Additionally, Mario must be in certain animations at the moment of the return cancel (crouching, rolling, backflips, sideflips, spin jumps, diving, bonking, and holding objects all work for this purpose); these animations prevent Mario from using his arm to place Cappy back onto his head after Cappy returns. Once the return cancel is performed, Cappy will not land on Mario’s head, but will instead teleport to another position away from Mario.
## Exploitation Edit
While the location Cappy teleports to may seem random at first, it actually follows a consistent geometric rule. Once this rule is learned, it can be exploited to teleport Cappy to arbitrary locations. There are two geometric interpretations of this rule:
1. Draw a "line of sight" that goes through Mario in the direction that he is looking and travels infinitely both in front of and behind him. After the return cancel, Cappy will teleport to the location on this line of sight that he is the closest to.
2. Draw a sphere such that Mario and Cappy are at exact opposite points along its surface. After the return cancel, Cappy will teleport to the far point on the surface of the sphere that is intersected by Mario's line of sight.
Both of these are different geometric interpretations of the same rule. The diagrams to the right provide visual explanations of the two rules, and it is evident from the diagrams that both rules describe the same phenomenon.
Mathematically, the rule is described by the following vector formula, where ${M}$ is Mario's position, ${C}$ is Cappy's original position before the return cancel, ${C'}$ is Cappy's new position after the return cancel, and ${F}$ is a unit vector representing the direction Mario is facing:
${C' ~ = ~ M ~ + ~ ((C ~ - ~ M) ~ \cdot ~ F)F}$
If the point that Cappy attempts to teleport to does not have a clear line of sight back to Mario (i.e. there will be an obstruction when Cappy attempts to return to Mario), Cappy will stay in his original location instead of teleporting. This can be used to reset Cappy from the returning state to the controllable state without changing Cappy's position.
Cappy return cancels can be abused to send Cappy to distant locations along the sphere's surface. However, since the size of the sphere depends on the distance between Mario and Cappy, the uses of the trick are limited unless it is possible to get Cappy very far away from Mario. Usually, getting Cappy far enough from Mario requires getting him stuck behind a wall, which would mean that Mario would have needed to walk near that wall to get Cappy stuck in the first place. This is often impractical; fortunately, there are a few ways to get Cappy far from Mario without Mario needing to travel to that location.
### Odyssey teleportation Edit
If any of the four face buttons are pressed on Cappy's controller the exact frame that Cappy becomes controllable (such as after warping to a checkpoint), Cappy will instantaneously teleport to the Odyssey. When this happens, Cappy will be in his returning state, meaning that a return cancel will need to be performed to prevent Cappy from teleporting back to Mario. This is most useful if Cappy gets stuck behind something on his way back to Mario, but if Mario is sufficiently far away from the Odyssey, Cappy can repeatedly ground pound to retain his distance.
### Sloped Cappy return cancels Edit
Another way to gain distance as Cappy is to repeatedly ground pound into the void many times. Because there is no limit to how many times Cappy can ground pound, Cappy can reach an unlimited vertical distance below Mario.
Normally, the direction that Mario is facing is strictly horizontal. Using the sphere analogy, if Cappy is directly beneath Mario due to repeatedly ground pounding, Mario will be at the very top of the sphere and his line of sight will not intersect any distant point on the sphere. This means that after the return cancel, the location that Cappy teleports to will simply be right next to Mario.
However, if Mario is standing on a slope, this direction will point at a diagonal angle, and can intersect a different part of the surface of the sphere. Combined with repeated Cappy ground pounds, slopes allow one to send Cappy an extremely long distance away from Mario. As seen in the diagram to the right, the optimal horizontal distance is achieved when Mario is sloped at a 45-degree angle, and the horizontal distance diminishes the flatter or steeper the angle becomes.
## Uses Edit
### Minimum Captures Edit
Cappy return cancelling is used in various Minimum Captures runs to access Morning Metro to skip the Sherm capture, as well as skip five spark pylons in Bowser's Kingdom. It is also used to make Madame Broode Skip much easier.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. | 2020-05-31T09:57:54 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.4794358015060425, "perplexity": 1928.3164225422925}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413097.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531085047-20200531115047-00281.warc.gz"} |
http://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/showversion/cr/H-4.2,%20r.%203?code=se:177&pointInTime=20210106 | H-4.2, r. 3 - Regulation respecting petroleum exploration, production and storage licences, and the pipeline construction or use authorization
177. A monetary administrative penalty of the amount provided for in section 187 of the Act may be imposed on any person who contravenes any of sections 3 to 6, 9, 10, the second paragraph of section 11, the second paragraph of section 12, the second paragraph of section 13, the first paragraph of section 15, the first paragraph of section 16, the second paragraph of section 41, sections 63, 67, the third paragraph of section 74, sections 75, 89, 93, 96, the third paragraph of section 104, sections 105, 107, 114, 115, 119, 123, 127, 128, the first paragraph of section 129, sections 130, 134, 143, 145, 148 to 150, the first paragraph of section 151, section 152, the second paragraph of section 154 and section 159.
O.C. 1253-2018, s. 177.
In force: 2018-09-20
177. A monetary administrative penalty of the amount provided for in section 187 of the Act may be imposed on any person who contravenes any of sections 3 to 6, 9, 10, the second paragraph of section 11, the second paragraph of section 12, the second paragraph of section 13, the first paragraph of section 15, the first paragraph of section 16, the second paragraph of section 41, sections 63, 67, the third paragraph of section 74, sections 75, 89, 93, 96, the third paragraph of section 104, sections 105, 107, 114, 115, 119, 123, 127, 128, the first paragraph of section 129, sections 130, 134, 143, 145, 148 to 150, the first paragraph of section 151, section 152, the second paragraph of section 154 and section 159.
O.C. 1253-2018, s. 177. | 2021-03-02T01:00:08 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8032962679862976, "perplexity": 271.1221397974471}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178363211.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210302003534-20210302033534-00054.warc.gz"} |
http://math.lanl.gov/Research/Publications/chartrand-2003-multipliers.shtml | T-5 HomeResearchPublications › chartrand-2003-multipliers
### Cite Details
Rick Chartrand, "Multipliers and Carleson measures for D(μ) ", Integral Equations Operator Theory, vol. 45, pp. 309--318, 2003
### Abstract
In this paper, the multipliers of the Dirichlet-type space D(μ) associated with a positive measure μ on the unit circle are characterized in terms of μ-Carleson measures. A geometric description of μ-Carleson measures is given for the cases of μ being absolutely continuous with an A2 weight, and of μ being a finite sum of atoms.
### BibTeX Entry
@article{chartrand-2003-multipliers,
author = {Rick Chartrand},
title = {Multipliers and Carleson measures for $D(\mu)$ },
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