question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52030",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For asking someone to lend you something:\n\n> * 貸してください\n>\n\nOr\n\n> * かりてもいいですか\n>\n\nIs there any difference and which one is more used in real life?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-05T19:44:52.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52029",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T05:55:09.923",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-06T05:55:09.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19322",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Which one of these sentences is more used?",
"view_count": 195
} | [
{
"body": "Rather than asking which of these forms is _more used_ , we can look at in\nwhich contexts each of these forms is appropriate.\n\n> 貸してください\n\nMeans, \" **Please lend it to me.** \" The verb 貸す \"lend\" is changed to the\n_-te_ form, and 下さい \"please\" is added to turn this into a request.\n\nAs this involves more or less directly asking somebody to do something, you\nshould probably not use it with people that you do not know well or that are\nof higher social status (ex: instructors, the police).\n\n> かりてもいいですか?\n\nThis one means, \" **Is it okay if I borrow it?** \" The verb here is 借りる\n\"borrow\" (as opposed to _lend_ in the sentence above). It is changed to the\n_-te_ form, and _-mo ii desu ka?_ \"is it okay if I VERB?\" is added. This one\nis more polite because it uses the _desu/-masu_ form, and doesn't directly ask\nthe person you are speaking to to do something. Rather, you are asking if it\nis OK if _you_ do something. If it is okay to ask to borrow something to begin\nwith, this should be a generally appropriate way to ask.\n\n> 貸してくれない？\n\nFinally, this sentence, like the first one means something like **Can you lend\nit to me?** It uses the verb 貸す \"lend\". As with the first, it is first changed\nto the _-te_ form, but this time _-kurenai_ \"do for me\" is added. This one\nshould probably only be used with people that are close to you.\n\nOf these three choices, [借]{か}りてもいいですか？ is the most polite choice and\ntherefore your \"safest\" choice for getting your meaning across without\noffending anybody.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-05T19:50:35.643",
"id": "52030",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-05T20:17:04.037",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-05T20:17:04.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "25212",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "貸してください is more direct expression than かりてもいいですか. In other words, かりてもいいですか is\nmore indirect and politer.\n\nFor example,\n\n * Let me use this.\n * Can I use this?\n * Would you mind if I use this?\n\nThey basically means the same thing. A request to use it, right? However,\nindirect expressions are more polite than the direct expression.\n\nIt is up to your relationship, but generally speaking, かりてもいいですか is safer than\n貸してください to use in a lot of situations, considering the communication between\nnative speakers.\n\nAs for international communication by non-native Japanese speakers whose\nJapanese is not so good, the two sentences can function completely the same.\nTherefore, you can choose both whichever you like.\n\nIt depends on the fluency of Japanese, and context, background and situations.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T05:46:17.637",
"id": "52041",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T05:46:17.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52029 | 52030 | 52030 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In [dictionary\nexamples](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BD%A9%E3%81%AA)\nfor 多彩な there is a sentence:\n\n> メニューにはいろいろ多彩な料理があった。 \n> There was a great variety of dishes on the menu.\n\nIsn't いろいろ多彩な a\n[tautology](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology_\\(grammar\\))? Do いろいろ\nand 多彩 convey a different meaning? Is there a difference between the above\nsentence and the following?\n\n> メニューにはいろいろ料理があった。\n>\n> メニューには多彩な料理があった。\n\nIs it an emphasis of some sort, or just a quirk in the body of examples?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-05T22:53:50.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52031",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T14:31:29.610",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Isn't いろいろ多彩な a tautology?",
"view_count": 709
} | [
{
"body": "いろいろ is used to express the meaning \"various\". So 色々【いろいろ】多彩【たさい】 sounds like\nit emphasizes that there was a _great_ variety (not just _some_ variety) to\nme.\n\nThat being said, I don't think any language (Japanese included) puts\nrestrictions on using tautologies or being redundant with adjective choice and\nsuch. This particular construction (色々【いろいろ】多彩【たさい】) may be a collocation\n(things that often come together) to some extent. (A Google search for those\nterms together gave me ~2.4k results).\n\nIn English, similar things are sometimes done. For\n[example](https://www.dailywritingtips.com/7-redundant-adjectives/):\n\n * free gift\n * closed fist\n * overused cliché",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-05T23:32:49.300",
"id": "52034",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T02:05:48.483",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-06T02:05:48.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25212",
"parent_id": "52031",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "Tautology is an unnecessary repeating of the same idea in different words, as\nin the sentence _He sat alone by himself_. In this case, I agree with the\nexplanation that **alone** is redundant.\n\nHowever, depending on the case, I think it is not always redundant to repeat\nthe same idea in different words. It occurs when words such as adjectives of\nthe language are insufficient to fully express the situation or emotion. I\nthink this is a phenomenon that occurs not only in English and Japanese but\nalso in any language.\n\n\"色々｛いろいろ｝な果物｛くだもの｝ _various fruits_ \" or \"多彩｛たさい｝な果物｛くだもの｝\n_variegated/colorful fruits_ \" is sufficient to express the above picture, but\nhow do you tell the picture below to him who is supporting you? You would\nrealize soon that adjectives such as \"色々｛いろいろ｝な\" or \"多彩｛たさい｝な\" alone are\ninsufficient to convey your excitement to him.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lAl3z.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T05:30:17.883",
"id": "52040",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T14:31:29.610",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-06T14:31:29.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52031",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 52031 | null | 52034 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52035",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "What is an idiomatic way of expressing traveling light/heavy?\n\nI imagine there is a more pithy way to express this than 荷物【にもつ】が軽【かる】い or\n荷物【にもつ】が重【おも】い, respectively.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-05T23:26:20.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52033",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T03:32:20.907",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T03:32:20.907",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Traveling light/heavy",
"view_count": 308
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not aware of any such idioms, but I'd like to point out that people\ngenerally use 少ない・多い to describe 荷物 in the context of traveling light/heavy.\n\nA somewhat different way of saying traveling light might be 身軽（みがる - light-\nbodied）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-05T23:51:40.910",
"id": "52035",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-05T23:51:40.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25280",
"parent_id": "52033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "To say to travel light:\n\n> 身軽に旅行する\n\nYou can see it used in this article [here.](http://tabi-relax.com/reduce-\ntravel-luggage/)\n\n\"Travelling heavy\" is uncommon to say, mainly because it is discussed less and\nbecause the goal is often to \"travel light\", so I think it is hard to\ninterpret that phrase by itself.\n\nIt is probably best said in other words, depending on what you want to say\n(i.e. \"Don't bring heavy luggage\", etc.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T00:29:26.553",
"id": "52036",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T00:29:26.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think \"軽装（けいそう）/軽装備（けいそうび）で旅行（りょこう）する\" is one way of rendering \"to travel\nlight\". \"軽装\" simply means \"light clothing\", and \"軽装備\" means \"light equipment\".\n\nThe opposite could be \"重装備で旅行する\", but this might mean not only that your\nluggage is heavy but also you are more than well-prepared, for example, for\nprotection from elements, accidents, and so on.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T03:55:45.527",
"id": "52039",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T03:55:45.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18667",
"parent_id": "52033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "身軽 is a good word to use. However, 身重（みおも）means a completely different thing,\n\"She is pregnant.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T14:32:22.877",
"id": "52053",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T14:32:22.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52033 | 52035 | 52035 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've recently started to self-study Japanese. Some time ago I thought of\nstudying Mandarin Chinese and bought a book (Tuttle Learning Chinese\nCharacters,\n<https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/805242.Learning_Chinese_Characters>) to\nlearn the characters. But after having a go at both Chinese and Japanese, I\ndecided to stick with the latter.\n\nSo far I understand that most Kanji are derived directly from the Chinese\nwriting system, that the meanings are usually the same or very similar and\nthat changed pronunciation is the trickiest bit. My book does present the\ntraditional form (which, to my knowledge, is the form used in Japanese...?) of\na character together with the simplified one.\n\nI'd like to know whether it'd be a good idea to continue using the material I\nbought or whether I should rather get a similar book for Japanese instead. And\nif so, could anyone recommend me a good one?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T08:49:36.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52046",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T08:49:36.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25290",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Japanese student learning Chinese characters?",
"view_count": 232
} | []
| 52046 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52049",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In lots of contracts I see the word 支払. When should one use 支払 instead of 支払い?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T09:56:28.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52047",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T03:18:51.483",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T03:18:51.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "25291",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "when should one use 支払い or 支払",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "\"支払\" and \"支払い\" are almost same in the meaning and interchangeable with each\nother. When to use them is also a very controversial issue even for Japanese\nand me. From my understanding, \"支払\" is used mainly in official and commercial\nuse including contracts and \"支払い\" is used in other cases.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T10:31:40.987",
"id": "52049",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T10:31:40.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52047",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52047 | 52049 | 52049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When I look up 魔力 in the dictionary it gives me the definition of \"magical\npowers\". However, when 魔力 is used in fantasy fiction, is it also possible for\nit to carry the meaning of \"magical forces\" (\"magical forces\" in this case\nmeaning an organized body of military personnel which consist of magical\nbeings). I know 勢力 sometimes can refer to an organized body of military\npersonnel, so I was wondering if 魔力 could also function as a fantasy\nequivalent to 勢力.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T12:18:01.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52050",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T18:35:29.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25215",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"fantasy"
],
"title": "Can 魔力 in certain contexts mean \"magical forces\"?",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "It cannot. I mean, if this is a novel we're talking about, you could tell the\nreaders that this is what the word means in the novel's context, but it will\nbe fairly awkward for any reader to get used to.\n\nThe word is generally used for the equivalent of mana or magical prowess.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T14:34:02.973",
"id": "52054",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T14:34:02.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25280",
"parent_id": "52050",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "勢力 really refers to the power or influence of something. Here is the\ndefinition from Daijisen:\n\n> １ 他をおさえ、支配下におくいきおいと力。特に、国家や政党などの社会的な集団がもつ、他の集団をおさえる力。「勢力を伸ばす」「勢力が衰える」 ２\n> エネルギーの旧称。\n\nTo translate:\n\n> 1. The power or influence to suppress something else and keep it under\n> control. Especially, it refers to the power one societal group (such as a\n> country/state or political party) has to suppress another group.\n> 2. The old name for \"energy\". (e.g. as in the law of conservation of\n> energy)\n>\n\nSo, according to this definition, it can't refer to an army, however it could\nrefer to the government or the nation's authority/power. (About the second\nmeaning, エネルギー is the more commonly used word nowadays. So if you see this\nword, it could also be a synonym of エネルギー.) Yet, it doesn't refer to an army.\nThe same goes for 魔力. Let's look at the definition:\n\n> 人を惑わし、また引きつける不思議な力。まりき。\n\nTranslation:\n\n> The miraculous/mysterious power to bewilder/seduce or charm people.\n\nThis is the more traditional idea of magic power, such as that of an\nenchantress or enticing demon. Of course, nowadays it takes on many new forms\nin novels, such as casting spells, etc. However, it does not refer to an army.\nIf you want to say \"magic army/forces\", here are some of my suggestions:\n\n * 魔法軍 - まほうぐん - magic forces (2000 hits on Google)\n * 魔法使い軍 - まほうつかいぐん - magician/wizard forces (4000 hits on Google)\n * 魔王軍 - まおうぐん - the devil's forces / Satan's army\n\nTo refer to the forces themselves, you can use the word 軍（ぐん） or 軍隊 (ぐんたい).\nHere is an example of something written by a native speaker that uses these\nwords: <https://www21.atwiki.jp/kyokugenmaho/sp/pages/54.html>\n\nThese get some hits on Google. I'm not a native speaker, so if any native\nspeakers know a better way to say this then feel free to add it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T18:35:29.533",
"id": "52059",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T18:35:29.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22756",
"parent_id": "52050",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52050 | null | 52054 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52052",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this paragraph with a translation:\n\n> この選択に至った理由はたくさんありますが、全て私の意思であり、その意思をKONAMI様は尊重して契約解除を決定して下さいました。 \n> I have many reasons for reaching this conclusion but it is all my decision.\n> I am grateful for Konami for respecting that decision.\n\nI don't know how to interpret this part :\n\n> その意思をKONAMI様は尊重して契約解除を決定して下さいました。\n\nIs その意思をKONAMI様は尊重して modifying 契約解除? because I don't know how to parse it to\nmatch the translation",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T12:47:58.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52051",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T14:51:14.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"interpretation"
],
"title": "this sentence containing an attributive phrase or is it 2 separate sentences with an omitted comma in between",
"view_count": 78
} | [
{
"body": "> Is その意思をKONAMI様は尊重して modifying 契約解除? because I don't know how to parse it to\n> match the translation\n\nMy quick answer is:\n\n> 1. その意思をKONAMI様は尊重して is not modifying 契約解除.\n> 2. It is impossible to parse the given Japanese to match the translation\n> in English.\n>\n\nI'm going to tell you why.\n\n> その意思をKONAMI様は尊重して契約解除を決定して下さいました。\n\nThe given sentece is literally interpreted as (A) or (B).\n\n * (A) KONAMI様はその（＝私の）意思を尊重して、（そして、）契約解除を決定して下さいました。 \n_Mr. KONAMI respected my decision and decided to cancel the contract._\n\n * (B) KONAMI様はその（＝私の）意思を尊重したので、契約解除を決定して下さいました。 \n_Since Mr. KONAMI respected my decision, he decided to cancel the contract_. \nor \n_Mr. KONAMI respected my decision, so he decided to cancel the contract_.\n\n> I am grateful for Konami for respecting that decision.\n\n原文{げんぶん}は前半｛ぜんはん｝と後半｛こうはん｝とで主語｛しゅご｝が異｛こと｝なります。後半｛こうはん｝の主語｛しゅご｝はKONAMI様です。 \n翻訳者{ほんやくしゃ}は原文｛げんぶん｝の後半｛こうはん｝の主語｛しゅご｝を前半｛ぜんはん｝に合｛あ｝わせるように変更｛へんこう｝して、かつ意訳｛いやく｝しています。 \n_In the original sentence, the subject is different in the first half and the\nsecond half_. _The latter subject is Mr. KONAMI_. \n_The translator changed the subject of the latter half of the original\nsentence to match that of the first half and made a free/liberal translation_.\n\nThis interpretation could be, if the given sentence is rewritten from the\nstandpoint of \"me\" and add \"my\" gratitude for his decision. \nI think the person who translated this sentence into English was skillful in\nunderstanding of Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T13:21:54.790",
"id": "52052",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-06T14:51:14.350",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-06T14:51:14.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52051",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52051 | 52052 | 52052 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52107",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Here are two sentences with the (compound) verb 連れる. I wanted to know the\nnuances and how the two meanings differ.\n\n> 1. 今日は、ルーカスさんが車でアパートが探しに連れて行ってくれた。\n> 2. 今晩は、ルーカスさんの知人の家のパーティに連れて行ってもらった.\n>\n\nI wonder why the first uses くれた while the second uses もらった. Both actions seem\nto be directed to the speaker. Why the difference?\n\nMy interpretation:\n\n> 1. Today, Lucas took (accompanied) me by car to search for an apartment.\n> 2. Yesterday, Lucas took me to an acquaintance's party.\n>\n\nBoth of which are 'me' as the receiving end of the action.\n\nYour insights would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T16:29:18.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52055",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T04:40:30.127",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T04:48:27.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "nuances of the verb 連れる ending in くれた vs もらった",
"view_count": 434
} | [
{
"body": "Cutting it short to avoid unnecessary confusions, I think what you really want\nto know here simply boils down to the difference between ーてくれる and ーてもらう.\n\nForget about the 連れて行く part. Maybe it's confusing because it's a compound verb\nbut really you have to see it as no different than any other verb conjugated\nin the ーて form in this case.\n\nThe difference in nuances stands simply in the fact that the sentence in てくれる\nconveys a sense of gratitude from the receiver towards the giver (as he\nreceived a favor). This makes sense if you think about this context: who's\nbeing taken around is grateful to the his friend for taking the trouble of\ndriving him.\n\nIn the second sentence with ーてもらう this sense of gratitude is not expressed and\nthe speaker simply wants to convey \"neutrally\" that the subject (that is not\nLucas, but the speaker) was taken to the house party of a friend of Lucas. If\n-てくれる was used here, we could infer that this guy really wanted to go to this\nparty and is grateful to Lucas for taking him.\n\nThat's it. I believe that any further discussion about grammatical\nconstructions etc would diverge from your original question and just risk to\ncreate confusion.\n\nI found a decent explanation [here](http://www.japanese-\nlanguage.aiyori.org/article8.html). It seems quite what you might want to\nread.\n\nEdit:\n\nAfter some comment and since I realize the link I provided might not be the\nmost authoritative source, let me paste here a screenshot from \"A dictionary\nof Basic Japanese Grammar\" from the voice \"kureru\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nOrpS.png)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T04:44:30.330",
"id": "52099",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T04:40:30.127",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T04:40:30.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "52055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The subject of the second sentence is not ルーカス but you, so 連れてってもらった doesn't\ndirectly mean \"Lucas took me to\" but something like \"I could have Lucas take\nme to\". They are two different ways to describe the same situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T16:33:03.283",
"id": "52106",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T16:33:03.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "52055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think part of the problem here stems from how we translate things from\nJapanese. It seems that there is a strong preference when translating from\nJapanese to keep the _voice_ of the verb: ie, whether it's active or passive.\nI don't agree with this for learners because it can lead to confusion.\nConsider the two sentences\n\n> 本を読んでくれた。 \n> 本を読んでもらった。\n\nLet's assume it's my mom who read a book to me. In this situation, they're\nboth translated the same: \"She read the book to me.\" But what's being lost in\ntranslation here is that the subjects of the verbs are different. In the first\nsentence, \"mom\" is the subject. In the second sentence, \"I\" am the subject.\nFor the second sentence, we can preserve the subject in English but we can't\ndo so without resorting to the passive voice (see below). If we don't leave\nanything unspoken in the Japanese for the scenario I'm describing, then the\nabove two sentences become:\n\n> 母は私に本を読んでくれた。 \n> 私は母に本を読んでもらった。\n\nBoth of these sentences are likely to be translated as\n\n> My mom read the book to me.\n\nAnd, in fact, the first sentence is quite accurately translated as\n\n> My mom read the book to me.\n\nBut regarding the second sentence, this translation misleads a bit regarding\nthe subject. We could preserve the subject by being translated as\n\n> `*` I was read the book by my mom.\n\nGranted, this is a rather awkward sounding sentence in English; also, there's\nnothing in the Japanese that is passive about the sentence. But as a stepping\nstone to grasping what's going on here, I think this approach can be rather\nbeneficial to the language learner since otherwise the learner is left to\nwonder why there are two different verbs to express the very same idea--\nanswer: because the verbs construe different subjects. That is, in Japanese,\nthe subjects of the verbs are completely different.\n\nSo, in the sentences for your post\n\n> 連れて行ってくれた \n> 連れて行ってもらった\n\nThough there's not enough information in the second sentence to really decide\nwho is the recipient and who the giver of the benefit, let's just assume that\nthe recipient of the favor in both sentences is \"me\". And, let's use \"they\"\nfor party granting the favor (whether it's one or more individuals, may the\ntraditionalist English grammarians not attack!). Both of these sentences could\nbe translated as\n\n> They brought me along.\n\nThat translation works very well for the first sentence since it preserves\nboth voice and subject. But in the second sentence, \"I\" am the one who\nreceives the favor and it is \"I\" who is the subject. So, we could translate it\na bit awkwardly as\n\n> I was brought along by them.\n\nOr less awkwardly as\n\n> I got to go along with them\n\nIn both sentences, we preserve the subject. Unfortunately both English\nsentences are passive while the Japanese is active. Nevertheless, I hope this\nclarifies some of the differences going on here between てくれる and てもらう.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T17:36:18.780",
"id": "52107",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T17:36:18.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52055 | 52107 | 52099 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52061",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm \"learning\" Japanese and I need a bit of help regarding an exercise from\nthe Genki I Textbook.\n\nLesson 6, Question 6, Example 3. I need to make a conversation between 2\npeople (A and B).\n\nThis is what I'm given for A:\n\nYou are asked to return your friend's video today, but you forgot to bring.\nYou want to return it later.\n\nDescription for B:\n\nYou asked your friend to return your video today. You need it today because\nyou want to watch it with another friend.\n\nThis is how I made the conversation.\n\nA: Video を わすれました. あした に もってくる\n\nNow regarding the response with B.. I don't know what is the right way to say\nit.\n\nI would start with something like でもきょうは but I don't know what is the right\nword to continue with. Hopefully someone can help me.\n\nOn another note, is it okay if I ask questions like this? There is no one I\nknow that can help me with this and on the one forum I found it always takes a\nwhile to get a response.\n\nIs it okay if I make more questions about translation? Or will it be\nconsidered spam?\n\nEDIT: B example. でもきょうがvideoをもている. ともだちとoみています",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-06T17:30:41.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52057",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T02:00:11.683",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-06T20:37:14.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "14533",
"owner_user_id": "14533",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Genki question. Translating a roleplay conversation",
"view_count": 491
} | [
{
"body": "I don't remember exactly what kind of grammar has been covered by Genki until\nchapter six. I'll try to answer using very basic constructions, if there is\nsomething you don't understand please ask in a comment and I'll expand the\nexplanation.\n\nFirst how I would do the dialog:\n\n_A: ビデオを忘｛わす｝れました、ごめんなさい。明日｛あした｝返｛かえ｝してもいいですか？_\n\n_B: あ、そうですか？今日｛きょう｝Ｃさんと一緒｛いっしょ｝に観｛み｝たかったんですけど。。。_\n\nIn English:\n\n_A: I forgot the video. Can I return it tomorrow?_\n\n_B: Ah, really? I wanted to watch it with C-san today..._\n\n**Explanation for A**\n\nThis part should be clear enough. Compared to what you attempt I added a\nsimple apology (ごめんなさい) and removed the particle に after tomorrow (you don't\nneed it since it's a generic time. As a general rule, you use に when you are\nindicating specific times like 8月11日に...). Also, I changed the verb to 返{かえ}す\nwhich means \"to return (something)\". In case you haven't studied that yet the\nconstruction \" verb in て-form (I assume you studied the te-form already) +\nもいいですか\" is a standard polite way to ask \"may I/ is it OK if I do verb?\". So in\nour example that becomes \"is it OK if I return it tomorrow?\".\n\n**Explanation for B:**\n\nThis is a bit tricky maybe since it is hard to guess what is your grammar\nbackground. I tried to keep it as simple as possible but I still feel it might\nbe hard to understand. If so please ask (in case I'll think of something even\nsimpler I'll edit the answer).\n\nWell the first thing should be fine. He just asked \"Ah, really?\" since I\nimagined he would be surprised expecting the video to be returned today. Then\nhe explains that he wanted to watch it today with C in this way (literal\ntranslation):\n\n\"Today, together with (一緒｛いっしょ｝に) C wanted to watch...\"\n\nThere are a few things here to explain:\n\n * The conjugation in ーたい of the verb (みるー＞みたい) which expresses wanting to do something. But I guess this is studied early so maybe you have that covered. The only thing here is that it's conjugated in the past tense (which becomes ーたかった). Nothing really special\n * The second thing that probably is hard for now is that ん. This is a bit tricky to explain in a few words but to put it simply let's say that it is a way to connect a verb when it's followed by something like ~ですが ~ですけど etc. You can find plenty of references on this I will add some link later. At [this link](http://maggiesensei.com/2010/09/08/request-lesson-when-and-how-to-use-%E3%82%93n-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E2%86%92%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%EF%BC%89/) you can find a lot of examples and explanations about this.\n * The last thing is maybe the most subtle.. as you noticed I didn't explicitly write anything about returning the video today. This is very Japanese in the sense that as you probably heard people seldom ask things directly but they let the partner infer instead. In this case, B probably wouldn't directly say \"please return it today\", but rather \"ah, I wanted to watch it with C today\". This automatically implies that he wants the video back today so technically there is no need to specify it. Now, in a context of friends obviously B could very well just add \"今日[返]｛かえ｝してください\" but I tried to keep it that way to add this quite important point of the Japanese culture.\n\n**Edit:** As @mackygoo pointed out in a comment. Notice that in a real\nconversation between two friends/peers, you would unlikely hear \"そうですか\". That\nindeed sounds quite formal for such a situation. You would probably hear more\nthings like \"まじ？？\" or \"え？困｛こま｝ったなあーー\". I used そうですか because I would imagine\nthat you heard that for sure while you probably haven't studied yet the\ncasual/conversational Japanese. While I'm at it, I will also write below how I\nimagine the conversation would happen for real:\n\nA: ビデオ忘｛わす｝れちゃった。。ごめん！明日返していい？\n\nB：えっ？困｛こま｝ったなあ。。今日Ｃと見たかったからさ。。",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T00:14:52.193",
"id": "52061",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T02:00:11.683",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T02:00:11.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "52057",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52057 | 52061 | 52061 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52063",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In many japanese sci fi series (Yamato, Macross, etc.) when a spaceship is\ngoing to take off they say something similar in romaji to \"hashin!\" . When I\nlook for how to say **_take off_** in japanese I find words like 飛び立つ\n(Tobitatsu ), 踏み切る (Fumikiru ) , but nothing similar to \"hashin\". How does\nexactly this word sounds (romaji/hiragana) and how do you write it with\nkanjis? You can listen it here:\n\n[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4phT2Vukvn0&t=1m16s](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4phT2Vukvn0&t=1m16s)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T00:45:33.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52062",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T00:52:08.147",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T00:52:08.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What's the japanese word for \"take off\" which in romaji sounds similar to \"hashin\"?",
"view_count": 4124
} | [
{
"body": "It's **発進｛はっしん｝** that means indeed \"take off / launch / departure\".\n\nTo break it down, you can see how this word is composed by the kanji 発 (that\nmeans departure) which you can indeed find in many related words, and the\nkanji 進 that means to advance, progress.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T00:48:37.947",
"id": "52063",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T00:48:37.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "52062",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 52062 | 52063 | 52063 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52065",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What's the Japanese equivalent of the \"Order!\" shouted when a judge or speaker\nof the house gavels their assemblies?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T02:18:13.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52064",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T07:13:21.640",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T03:40:08.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "19206",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What would the Japanese equivalent of \"Order!\" be when gaveling?",
"view_count": 2329
} | [
{
"body": "> 静粛に【せいしゅくに】！\n\nor \"Be silent!\" is the most appropriate answer, I think.\n\n(Although it's from a game, [逆転裁判 【ぎゃくてんさいばん】](https://youtu.be/d6Qyf-\npsi90?t=10m20s), I don't believe it's far off from the real thing.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T02:45:06.763",
"id": "52065",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T03:37:43.693",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T03:37:43.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "19206",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52064",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "[This video](https://youtu.be/HJm19MGRiDI?t=55) is a live broadcast of the\nDiet in Japan. \nThe next line was told by the Speaker of the House to have the members be\nquiet. (Siikamiika tells us a more clear sound source\n[here](https://youtu.be/qIG4-BdXRnE?t=70).)\n\n> ご静粛｛せいしゅく｝に願｛ねが｝います！",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T06:06:23.810",
"id": "52067",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T07:13:21.640",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T07:13:21.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52064",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 52064 | 52065 | 52065 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "賃金繰りがこうも厳しくては、プロジェクトから撤退も\n\n（１）やむにやまれない （２）やむにやまれる （３）やむをえる （４）やむをえない\n\nis a question I am facing. Can't seem to find what 賃金繰り means.... also not too\nsure about any of those answers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T08:46:15.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52068",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T13:47:53.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "what does 賃金繰り mean?",
"view_count": 268
} | [
{
"body": "資金繰り＝cash management, financing\n\n_\"Since we are facing such difficult financing, we cannot help retiring from\nthe project.\"_\n\n2 and 3 are just wrong, grammatically. This kind of expressions is only\navailable in the negative form.\n\n1 and 4 both means \"cannot help ~ing.\"\n\nHowever, in this context, the correct answer is 4 because all the native\nspeakers would choose 4.\n\nBecause it sounds natural to their ears.\n\nI cannot explain the grammatical rule, though.\n\nedit) Oops, it was not 資金繰り, but 賃金繰り.\n\nMaybe, 賃金繰り means 資金繰り. Or 賃金繰り means \"management for the payment to their\nemployees,\" \"salary-payment management.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T12:02:02.857",
"id": "52073",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T12:11:54.983",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T12:11:54.983",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52068",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I'll answer on the condition that 賃金 is typo for 資金.\n\n * 資金繰｛しきんぐ｝り is defined in Jisho.org as: \nfundraising; financing; cash flow\n\n * こうも厳しくては、 is parsed and rewritten like こんなに厳しい＋ **ては** 、 _to be in such a severe situation_ + _**since**_ ...\n\n * プロジェクトから撤退も is プロジェクトからの撤退 + **も** \n_**even** + to withdraw from the project_\n\nThen, 資金繰りがこうも厳しくては、プロジェクトから撤退も ( ) is interpreted as: \n_Since the cash flow is in such a severe situation, even to withdraw from the\nproject is_ ( ).\n\n> (1) **やむにやまれない** : [set phrase] _unavoidable even if you try to avoid_ ; In\n> other words, it is like やめようとしてもやめられない\n>\n> (2) **やむにやまれる** : Logically, an antonym of (1), but there isn't such a set\n> phrase in Japanese.\n>\n> (3) **やむをえる** : Logically, an antonym of (4), but there isn't such a set\n> phrase in Japanese.\n>\n> (4) **やむをえない** : [set phrase] _inevitable_ or _unavoidable_ ; In other\n> words, it is like 他にどうすることもできない, 仕方がない, しようがない, 残念だがあきらめるしかない,\n> 望ましくはないがしかたがない or そうするしか方法がない\n\nAs is written in Seesawscene's answer, the possible answer is (1) or (4). The\ndifference between (1) and (4) is the degree or nuance of unavoidability.\n\nAs for (1), you would try to avoid it, but as for (4), you know you couldn't\navoid it, which means it happens inevitably.\n\nThen, the answer is **(4) やむをえない**.\n\nIn other words, \"～ては/では/れば、.... も（、）やむを得｛え｝ない\" is also a set phrase used like\nin following examples.\n\n### Examples:\n\n * こんなに乾燥{かんそう}が続｛つづ｝いてい **ては** 、断水｛だんすい｝（するの） **も やむをえない** 。\n * こうも日照｛ひで｝り続｛つづ｝き **では** 、断水（するの） **も やむをえない** 。\n * 梅雨｛つゆ｝時｛どき｝に雨｛あめ｝が降｛ふ｝らなけ **れば** 、夏｛なつ｝の断水 **も やむをえない** 。\n * そんなに夫婦｛ふうふ｝喧嘩｛げんか｝ばかりしてい **ては** 、離婚｛りこん｝（するの） **も やむをえない** 。\n * 苦｛くる｝しい現実｛げんじつ｝によっ **ては** 、人殺｛ひとごろ｝し **も やむを得｛え｝ない** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T13:47:53.747",
"id": "52081",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T13:47:53.747",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52068",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52068 | null | 52081 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52072",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "i have been wondering what is exactly the meaning of 寝取られ or definition of it.\ni tried to translate it using google translate to english and my native\nlanguage and the result was confusing.\n\nto english: to be taken off.\n\nto my native language: husband who has an unloyal wife.\n\nand if it's true the meaning is \"unloyal wife\", whats the opposite word of it,\ni mean the term for \"unloyal husband\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T09:39:30.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52069",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T05:01:17.900",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T09:53:58.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "18316",
"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "what does 寝取られ mean?",
"view_count": 7373
} | [
{
"body": "寝＝sleep\n\n取られる＝be taken away, robbed\n\n嫁が、誰かに寝取られた。\n\n＝My wife was taken away from me by someone, who was sleeping with her.\n\nTraditionally, in old Japan, in politically incorrect eras, men were regarded\nas the main persons who have immoral sex.\n\nMen often cheat on their wives, and it was their doing. However, if women\ncheat on their husband, it was thought that it was not their intention. Women\nwere seduced to have sex by the immoral men. So it was said that \"the woman\nwas taken by a man, by means of having sex (by means of sleeping with that\nman).\n\nIn today, I mean in the politically correct time, you can use that expression\nto both gender. ”私の夫は、あのふしだらな悪女に寝取られた。”\n\nOther expressions are:\n\n不倫妻\n\n不倫夫\n\n不倫をしている妻\n\n不倫をしている夫",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T11:44:49.590",
"id": "52072",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T11:50:14.277",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T11:50:14.277",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52069",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "寝取る is a [compound verb](http://vvlexicon.ninjal.ac.jp/en/) which is made of\n寝る (\"to sleep\") and 取る (\"to take, to pick, to deprive\"). So 寝取る as a set verb\nmeans something like \"to deprive by sleeping\". It refers to stealing someone's\npartner via giving sexual pleasure.\n\n寝取られ is the masu-stem of the passive form of 寝取る. Putting grammar aside, it\nroughly means \"(one's partner is) being stolen by sleeping / having sex\".\n\nI don't know where you saw 寝取られ, but did you see 寝取られ by itself? Recently\n[寝取られ is considered as a genre of a\nstory](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E5%AF%9D%E5%8F%96%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C) (often in\npornographic contexts). In this sense, 寝取られ is even commonly [\"abbreviated\" to\n_NTR_](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/NTR). Maybe \"stolen love\" is enough to\ntranslate this concept, but there may be an established term I'm not aware of.\n\n寝取られ itself is a gender-neutral word, although it typically refers to a\nheroine (female) who has a partner making love with another male character,\nunwillingly/reluctantly at first, but willingly in the end. The character\ndoesn't have to be married. I think \"husband who has an unloyal wife\" may be\ntoo narrow as a translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T01:12:48.307",
"id": "52093",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T05:01:17.900",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T05:01:17.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52069",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52069 | 52072 | 52072 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52071",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw on a pic that said this phrase in my language is \" I didn't mean to do\nit \" But when I google translate to English its said \" It was not such a\nmental count \" ???? So confused.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T10:33:08.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52070",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T11:26:35.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25306",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "what does \"そんな心算ではありませんでした\" means?",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "そんなつもりではありませんでした。\n\n=It was not such an intention.\n\n=My intention was not like it.\n\n＝I didn't mean it. I didn't mean to do it.\n\nつもり＝intention\n\nThe kanji for つもり is written as \"心算,\" which is very difficult to read even for\nnative Japanese speakers.\n\nThe kanji, 心, itself means \"heart, mental.\"\n\nThe kanji, 算, itself means \"count.\"\n\nTherefore, Google translate was not clever enough and made such a mistake.\n\nThe correct thing is:\n\nつもり＝心算＝intention.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T11:26:35.143",
"id": "52071",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T11:26:35.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52070 | 52071 | 52071 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52077",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm not sure what the last part of this sentence means:\n\n世界をこのようなみじめな状態にした責任は我々にあると言われても仕方がない。*\n\n\"About our responsibility in putting the world in this miserable state, we (?)\neven if is said there is no way\"\n\nMy grammar fails at にあると言われても, how does that work?\n\n*This is from the FF7 movie.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T12:45:31.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52074",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T13:11:00.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13634",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of にあると？",
"view_count": 1083
} | [
{
"body": "「世界をこのようなみじめな状態にした責任は我々にある」、と 言われても 仕方がない。\n\nWhen we are said that it's our responsibility to put the world into such a\nmiserable state, we have no excuses.\n\nIf we are said, \"the responsibility to put the world into such a miserable\nstate exists on us,\" we have no excuses.\n\n我々にある＝exists on us\n\nと＝that\n\n言われても＝if we are said",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T13:08:45.577",
"id": "52076",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T13:08:45.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52074",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think you're breaking down the sentence a little wrong.\n\nIt breaks down more like:\n\n[(世界をこのようなみじめな状態にした責任は)我々にある]と言われても仕方がない\n\nwhich translates literally as\n\n\"It can't be helped if people say that [(the responsibility for putting the\nworld in such a miserable state) lies with us].\"\n\nIn other words, にあると isn't really a unit here.\n\nThe に is marking 我々 as the indirect object of ある, in the standard construction\nXはYにある \"X is at/with Y\". In this case X is 責任 (and the whole relative clause\npreceding it) and Y is 我々, so it means \"the responsibility is with us\".\n\nAnd the と is quoting everything preceding it as the content of what \"people\nare saying\".\n\nHope that helps.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T13:11:00.347",
"id": "52077",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T13:11:00.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "52074",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52074 | 52077 | 52077 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The sentence `inu ga suki` is translated as `I like dogs`. But why don't we\ntranslate it as `Dogs like ... (something/someone)`? For example, for a\nquestion `Who likes meat?` we can answer `inu ga suki`.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T12:48:42.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52075",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T18:05:01.287",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T18:05:01.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "25265",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-が",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Passive or active object?",
"view_count": 687
} | [
{
"body": "This isn't really about passive-voice. Japanese passive voice has a special\nconjugation `～られる。` You can find more about this conjugation\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass). Note that the\nlink I just copied also talks about causative form as well. Passive can be\nfound further down the page.\n\nIn this case, what we see here is more of a difficulty understanding what the\nsubject of a sentence really is.\n\n> 犬｛いぬ｝が好｛す｝きです。(inu ga suki desu.)\n\nIs usually translated as `I like dogs,` yes, but there are other translations\nfor it as well. It all depends on context. The subject is implied. Here's an\nexample:\n\n> お父｛とう｝さんはなにがすきですか？(otousan wa nani ga suki desu ka?)\n>\n> What does you dad like?\n>\n> 犬｛いぬ｝が好｛す｝きです。(inu ga suki desu.)\n>\n> He likes dogs.\n\nHere we have the exact same sentence, `inu ga suki desu` but the translation\nis diferent ( _He_ likes dogs). Why is that? Simply put, the subject of the\nsentence is implied. You have not specifically designated the subject in this\nsentence, you have only stated what is liked (dogs).\n\nIf we wanted to say `I like dogs` without any ambiguity or potential for\nmisunderstanding, we would say:\n\n> わたしは犬｛いぬ｝が好｛す｝きです。(watashi wa inu ga suki desu.)\n>\n> I like dogs.\n\nHere, we have an established topic. It can never be confused who likes dogs.\n(I do!)\n\nThis really hits on the diference between は and が、and I suggest that you read\nup on the difference [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/51/22352).\n\n* * *\n\nSo how do you say that _the dog_ likes something? We simply make the dog the\nsubject of the sentence!\n\nYour example sentence might sound a little weird to Japanese ears because dogs\ndon't fall under the expected replies for `who`. Instead, I'll change it a\nlittle bit so it is more natural sounding.\n\n> A:あの犬｛いぬ｝はお肉{にく}がすきですか？(ano inu wa oniku ga suki desu ka?)\n>\n> A: Does that dog over there like meat?\n>\n> B:分｛わ｝からないけど、お肉｛にく｝がすきでしょう。(wakaranai kedo oniku ga suki deshou.) (Case 1)\n>\n> B: I don't know for sure, but it probably does like meat.\n\n_Dog devours meat._\n\n> A:やっぱり、あの犬｛いぬ｝はお肉｛にく｝が好｛す｝きだ。(yappari, ano inu wa oniku ga suki da.) (Case\n> 2)\n>\n> A: Just as I expected, that dog does like meat.\n\nIn case 1, we say that the dog probably likes meat. Notice that we didn't even\nsay `inu` in the sentence. This is because the topic (dog) is implied, and\ntherefore does not need to be said for the sentence to make sense. Given the\nright context, that same sentence could come to mean: `he probably likes\nmeat`, or `she probably likes meat.` However, since it's established that\nwe're talking about the dog here, it means: `the dog probably likes meat.`\n\nIn case 2 we are saying that the dog does like meat. Here the dog is re-\nestablished as the subject of the sentence when we say `inu wa...`\n\nLong story short, here's the structure of how to say `(subject) likes\n(something)`:\n\n> (subject)は(something)がすきです。\n>\n> (subject) wa (something) ga suki desu.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T13:22:47.273",
"id": "52078",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T14:20:23.263",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "52075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It is an ambiguity in Japanese.\n\nI like dogs.\n\n=watashi wa inu ga suki.\n\n=inu ga suki. (The subject can be abbreviated if it is clear in the context.)\n\nWho likes meat?\n\ninu ga niku wo suki.\n\n=inu ga suki. (the short version)\n\nSo you're correct that two interpretations are possible. You should decide\naccording to the context.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T13:27:30.247",
"id": "52079",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T13:27:30.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52075 | null | 52079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52083",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm writing small compositions on a regular basis and putting them on italki,\nso that someone proofreads it and makes corrections to it. Recently, I posted\n**[this](https://www.italki.com/notebook/3534043/entry/823680)** and got a\nrather comprehensive answer. I do have some issues understanding this answer\nthough, since it’s written Japanese.\n\nFirst: (Line 12 of the correction)\n\n> ・火を起こす(condition）→暖かい・食べ物を焼けるし温められる…..\n\nWhat does this little dot ・ between 暖かい and たべもの mean?\n\nSecond: (Line 7 of the correction)\n\n> 例えば、火が作れる場合は→を起こせば冬にぬくもりが作れるし…\n\nWhat I wanted to say in my original sentence was:\n\n> \"When you are able to make fire, you can…\"\n\nIn my Japanese version, I wanted to preserve this concept of the ability being\nthe condition. In my opinion, this meant that I somehow had to open up a\nconditional clause, and at the same time get a potential verb form or\nsomething of similar semantics into this conditional clause. At first I\ndecided that I couldn’t use both the potential verb form and the conditional\nverb form in one and the same verb (I might be wrong of course, but I just\ndon’t know better). Then I thought of a workaround and ultimately decided for\na solution using 場合は (…ことができたら also came to mind, but the overly literal\ntranslation \"concerning the case that you are able to…\" seemed very fitting,\nso I went with 場合は).\n\nIf I understand the improved version of the proofreader correctly, then it\nmeans “When you make fire, you can…”. While this is perfectly okay as well, I\njust wanted to know whether it's possible to express exactly what I described\nabove in Japanese. And if it's possible, how would you express it?\n\nThird: (Line 8 of the correction)\n\n> 燃やしてしまう可能性もある\n\n=> What is this 性? What is its reading?\n\nI think さが would be the most fitting, but maybe I got it completely wrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T13:32:18.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52080",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-12T00:04:01.533",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-12T00:04:01.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"semantics"
],
"title": "暖かい・食べ物 / 例えば、火が作れる場合は→を起こせば冬にぬくもりが作れるし / 燃やしてしまう可能性もある",
"view_count": 436
} | [
{
"body": "First, you should read the answer again now. Because the writer has proofread\ntheir typo. Your first question seemed to be typo.\n\n可能性（かのうせい）＝possibility\n\n可能＝possible",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T13:58:46.510",
"id": "52082",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-07T13:58:46.510",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> First: (Line 12 of the correction) ・火を起こす(condition）→暖かい・食べ物を焼けるし温められる…..\n> what does this little dot ・ between 暖かい and たべもの mean?\n\nThe dot is a comma as is shown below.\n\n\"し\" in 食べ物をやけるし means \"and\", then, \"→暖かい・食べ物を焼けるし温められる\" means as \"→ 暖かい,\n食べ物を焼ける and 温められる\".\n\n> Second: ... I just wanted to know wether its possible to express exactly\n> what I described above in japanese. And if its possible, how would you\n> express it?\n\nIt's possible.\n\nMy trial is like:\n\n> **You** : 例えば、火が作れる場合は冬にぬくもりが作れし、食べ物が暖められる。 \n> **The proofreader** : 例えば、火を起こせば冬にぬくもりが作れるし、食べ物が温められる。 \n> **Me** : 例えば、火が作れる場合は冬にぬくもりが **得{え}られ** 、食べ物 **も** 温められる。\n\nI'll show you how I made my trial. \nSince the repetition of the same word in one sentence is not so good also in\nJapanese, I changed the latter \"作る\" into \"得る\". In addition, because \"し\" which\nrepresents \"and\" is not a very neat way of saying, I used \"も\" in the latter\npart of the sentence to keep the same meaning of your sentence.\n\n> Third: (Line 8 of the correction) 燃やしてしまう可能性もある => What is this 性? What is\n> its reading? I think さが\n\n性 could be read as せい or さが, and 性 in 可能性｛かのうせい｝ is read せい and it functions\nto make 可能｛かのう｝ _possible_ into a noun meaning _possibility_. \nAs for this question, I agree with Seesawscene's answer.\n\n* * *\n\n# Bonus\n\n## Difference between 暖められる and 温められる\n\nI'll tell you why the proofreader and I changed 暖められる into 温められる in your\noriginal version in Japanese. As you know, the two words are potential forms\nor passive forms of 暖める and 温める. So I will explain the difference between the\nbasic form 暖める and 暖める. They are also transitive verbs and are used to warm\nsomething, and their intransitive forms are 暖まる and 温まる as you know.\n\nThe difference between 暖める and 温める is explained in detail\n[here](http://www.chigai.org/%E3%80%8C%E6%9A%96%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8C%E6%B8%A9%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%81%95%E3%81%84/),\n[here](http://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/029.html) and\n[here](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1447727184),\nbut they seem not to be easy to understand for those studying Japanese, and to\nmake matters worse they are written in Japanese. So, I will try to explain the\ncontents of the above articles comprehensively while correcting deviations\nfrom my understanding on which I usually use them properly in an easy-to-\nunderstand manner using images.\n\n違いの最も重要なことは、あたためられる物の「 **芯の温度あるいは中心の温度** 」です。 \nThe most important key word or key point of the difference is \" **the\ntemperature of [芯]{しん} _the core_ or _center_** \" of something to be warmed.\n\n暖と温の漢字を適宜使い分けながら説明をします。どのようにこの漢字を使っているか着目してください。 \nI'll proceed with my explanation while using the kanjis of 暖 and 温 properly. I\nhope you to pay attention to how these _kanji_ s are used properly.\n\n冷えた体で、あなたが暖炉（fireplace）の前に行き暖を取ると体が暖まります、しかし、背中はまだ寒い。これは、何故おきるのでしょうか。 \nIf you go to the fireplace and warm yourself at it with a cold body, the body\nwill gradually warm up, but the back is still cold. Why does this happen?\n\nその答えは、体の前面は暖炉の暖かさ（「放射熱または輻射熱」という）ですぐに暖まりますが、暖かさがまだ体の芯に届いていない、もちろん背中には届いていないからです。 \nIt is because that the front of the body warms up quickly with the warmth of\nthe fireplace (called \"radiant heat\"), but the warmth has yet to reach the\ncore of the body, needless to say about the back of the back.\n\nすなわち暖炉の熱がまだ体の中心まで伝導していないことで体全体が温まっていないためです。 \nIn other words, that is because the heat of the fireplace has not yet reached\nthe center of the body, so the whole body has not been warmed up completely.\n\n体の表面は暖かいが体の芯は温まっていないというのが、暖炉に暖まっている途中の状態です。 \nIt is the state in the middle of warming yourself at the fireplace when the\nbody's surface or the front part of the body is warm but the body's core is\nnot yet warm.\n\n食べ物を温めるときも同じことが言えます。お鍋に食べ物を入れて、あるいは電子レンジに食べ物を入れて温めるためには、適当な時間を掛けて、食べ物の表面ではなく、芯の温度が適温になるために十分な時間を掛ける必要があります。 \nThe same can be said when warming food. In order to put food in a pot or in a\nmicrowave oven to heat or reheat it, it is necessary to spend an adequate\namount of time to heat not the surface but the core of food to become the\noptimum temperature.\n\n日本を象徴する一つとして温泉があることをご存知でしょう。温泉にゆっくりつかると体の芯まで温まります。温泉を出てしばらくは、少し涼しいところにいても体の芯まで温まっているので引き続き汗が出るほどです。 \nYou know that there is a hot spring as one of the symbols of Japan. If you\nhave a good long soak in a hot spring, you could warm your body's core. For a\nwhile after getting out of the hot spring, you would experience to continue to\nbreak sweat because the body's core is warm even if you are in a little cooler\nplace.\n\n暖炉や太陽のような熱源に当たっているときは、たしかに暖かですが、一旦これらが遮断されると暖かさが終わります。従って、「暖」という字は、暖かさを感じている側でなく、熱源そのものを表現するのにふさわしいのではないかと思っています。言い換えますと、「暖」という字は、「暖炉が暖かい」とか「太陽が暖かい」というように、「暖まる」「暖める」とかではなく、「暖かい」という形容詞で熱源の様子を表現するのに一番向いていると思います。 \nWhen we are facing the heat of the fireplace or the heat of the sun, which are\nheat sources, we feel warm, but the warmth ends when the heat sources are shut\noff. Therefore, \"暖\" is more suitable, I think, to be used to express the heat\nsources rather than to express the side feeling the warmth of them. In other\nwords, \"暖\" is most suitable for being used as in the adjective \"暖かい\" rather\nthan in \"暖める\" or \"暖まる\" to express the state of the heat sources like in\n\"暖炉が暖かい\" or \"太陽が暖かい\".\n\n一方、「温」という字は、熱源からの熱が伝わってあるものが芯まで温まる、その結果、熱源が取り除かれても温かさはしばらく保持されます。従って、「温」と言う字は、「温泉で温まる」とか「食べ物を温める」というように熱を得たものの温度が上昇する様子を動詞で表現するのに向いていると思う。 \nOn the other hand, \"温\" describes the warmth of the heat transferred to the\ncore of something or somebody from the heat source, so that the warmth is\nretained for a while even if the heat source is removed. Therefore, I think\n\"温\" is suitable for expressing how the temperature rises as in a verb \"温まる\" or\n\"温める\" used in such as \"温泉で温まる\" or \"食べ物を温める\".\n\n最後に覚え方の秘訣を伝授します。 \n暖炉の「暖」は、体の表面が暖かい、一方、温泉の「温」は体の芯まで温まるです。料理は温泉と同じで芯まで温めましょう。 \nLastly, I will teach you the knack of how to memorize them. \n\"暖\" in \"暖炉 _fireplace_ \" is used to warm on the surface of the body, while \"温\"\nin \"温泉 _hot spring_ \" is used to warm up to the core of the body. Let's cook\nup to the core of the food same as a hot spring does.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/L4oK0.jpg)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T14:41:52.130",
"id": "52083",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T13:00:14.970",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52080 | 52083 | 52083 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "For example, let's say I want to say:\n\n> The French use \"sushi\" to mean \"nigirizushi\".\n\nIs the following Japanese translation correct?\n\n> フランス人は「握り寿司」という意味で「スシ」を使用します。\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T16:58:07.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52086",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T04:30:14.240",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-07T18:04:49.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "25312",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"particles",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How do say \"They use X to mean Y.\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 331
} | [
{
"body": "If I were to say this, I would go for something like\n\n> フランス語でスシというと日本語の握り寿司という意味です。\n\nThis is a bit different than what you were going to say. You could perhaps\nalso say something like.\n\nフランス人がスシというときは握り寿司という意味です。\n\nBut, I think this is a bit confusing. For example, does it mean that, when the\nFrench say \"sushi\" while speaking Japanese, they mean \"nigiri sushi\"? Probably\nnot, but that's what I chose to go with フランス語.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T18:07:16.527",
"id": "52087",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T04:30:14.240",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T04:30:14.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52086",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It's not technically wrong, but maybe something like\n\n> フランス語のスシは日本語の握り寿司を意味する\n\nis a little more concise.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T01:41:44.923",
"id": "52096",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T01:41:44.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18881",
"parent_id": "52086",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> The French use \"sushi\" to mean \"nigirizushi\". \n> フランス人は「握り寿司」という意味で「スシ」を使用します。\n\nI think it'd be more natural to say it as:\n\n> フランス人は「握り寿司」という意味で「スシ」 **と言います** 。\n\nBut I would probably say it more like:\n\n> フランス人が「スシ」というと、握り寿司のことです。 \n> _lit._ When the French say sushi, they mean / it refers to nigirizushi. \n> フランス人が「スシ」というのは、握り寿司のことです。 \n> _lit._ What the French call sushi, refers to nigirizushi. \n> フランス人が言う「スシ」とは、握り寿司のことです。 / 握り寿司を指します。 \n> _lit._ The sushi that the French say, refers to nigirizushi.\n\nor maybe like this:\n\n> フランスでは、「スシ」というと握り寿司を指します。 / 握り寿司のことを指します。 \n> _lit._ In France, when they say sushi, it refers to nigirizushi.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T03:05:42.187",
"id": "52098",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T03:05:42.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "52086",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52086 | null | 52098 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52092",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I found these example sentences plus their translations from [WaniKani by\nTofugu](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/japanese-learning-stack-\nkoichi/#wanikani-for-kanji-and-vocabulary), but I got confused by the\ndifferences between 有る【ある】 and ある.\n\n> マヨネーズなら、まだ少し有ります。 We still have a little mayonnaise.\n>\n> 彼には金も有るが、屋根の上に銀もある。 He has gold as well as a silver on his roof.\n\nWhy in the second sentence, they use both 有る and ある？\n\nTo me it seems that they both mean \"to have\", so why the change in\nkanji/hiragana?\n\nAre they interchangeable?\n\nAlso, how often and when do people use 有る?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-07T20:58:38.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52089",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T06:27:04.793",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T00:49:15.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"spelling"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 有る【ある】 and ある？",
"view_count": 3146
} | [
{
"body": "I believe here we have to think of the fact that ある is not necessarily 有る in\nkanji, but could be 在る and 或る as well (we can forget about the last one here).\nMore on the differences [here](http://chigai-\nallguide.com/%E6%9C%89%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E5%9C%A8%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E6%88%96%E3%82%8B/).\n\nThe first one is used to indicate possession, ownership of something\n(「財産が有る」「貫禄が有る」「有りがち」etc.). On the other hand, 在る indicates existence, \"being\nsomewhere\" (「東京に在る」,「要職に在る」 etc). I'm sure you know this already.\n\nThis being said, I think in your sentence the actual meaning is intended as\nfollows:\n\n> 1. If (you need) mayonnaise, I still **have** some. (Rather than **there\n> is** some).\n>\n> 2. He **has** gold but **there is** even silver on his roof.\n>\n>\n\nI think the difference here is that the second ある in sentence number 2 is\nprobably supposed to be 在る here. This is the only difference I can think of\nand at least what it seems it can be inferred from the structure of the\nsentence and the use of kanji and kana. If the writer used 在る this would be\nextra clear but I believe this is seldom written in kanji anyway. This is\nprobably true for 有る as well but maybe here it has been used just to make\nclearer the difference between the first and second.\n\nWhat actually confuses me is the translation you provide. Is that yours or it\nwas given on the website? If it's coming from an official Japanese language\nsite, the translation is probably better than mine and in that case I would\nnot understand well the difference you are asking for as with that translation\nboth should be 在る in that case (there are both silver and gold on the roof,\nwhich means of course that \"he has\" those). However, no matter how I try to\nparse the sentence, I feel my translation is OK. Maybe someone can comment on\nthis.\n\n* * *\n\nTo expand on this subject, there is actually a document compiled on October\n1st of the year Showa 56 (1981) that establishes a set of rules for the use of\nkanji and kana in official documents to which everyone who belongs to an\nofficial institution (and writes official documents) should adhere.\n\nRegarding ある, it precisely states the following:\n\n> **ある** （その点に問題がある。）\n\nWhere the sentence in brackets is meant to give an example of the situations\nin which ある should be written in kana. You can find the full thing\n[here](http://www5d.biglobe.ne.jp/Jusl/Bunsyo/BunKanji.html).",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T00:15:11.620",
"id": "52092",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T00:15:11.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "52089",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "ある and 有る are almost completely the same to native Japanese speakers. Of\ncourse, 或る (a certain, some) is completely different, though. It's an\nadjective, not even a verb.\n\nAbout thirty years ago, when there were no word processors, Japanese people\nalmost always hand-wrote letters. At that time, more than 95% people chose ある,\njust because it was easy to hand-write. Very educated writers, however, tended\nto use 有る. I think they just wanted to show their education level.\n\nToday, in the word processor era, it's very easy to type kanji, no matter how\ndifficult a kanji would be. Therefore, many people would choose 有る.\n\nIn many cases, writers even don't choose which. The word-processor decides\nwhich, and **they just follow the automated conversion by the machine.**\n\nIn case of the second sentence, you may wonder why ある and 有る are used.\nProbably there is no intention for the writer who was a human. The writer just\nfollowed the machine. lol\n\nIn my opinion, using too much kanji is too heavy, bossy, too-elegant. So I\npersonally like ある.\n\nFor example, はしを持つ is confusing. It can be 端を持つ or 箸を持つ, although 橋を持つ is less\nlikely. In this case, kanji is preferred in order to make the meaning clearer.\n\nFor example, せんせいにおうえんをたのんだがたぼうだからというりゆうできょひされた。 is difficult to read, while\n先生に応援を頼んだが多忙だからという理由で拒否された。is much easier to read.\n\nHowever, in case of 有る/ある, there is no difference. Both are two letters.\nTherefore, I don't think the two have any difference.\n\nDo you understand what I'm getting at?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T06:21:21.277",
"id": "52100",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T06:27:04.793",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T06:27:04.793",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52089",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52089 | 52092 | 52092 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52091",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found [this Kanji](https://i.stack.imgur.com/owWU8.png) online, what is it\nand what does it mean?\n\nIs this a Japanese Kanji?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T00:03:29.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52090",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T01:27:59.430",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T01:27:59.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "25320",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is this Kanji and where is it used in?",
"view_count": 188
} | [
{
"body": "The character is 真{しん} where しん (shin) is the on'yomi. It's also has the\nkun'yomi readings of ま or まこと (ma _and_ makoto). It means _truth_.\n\nSome examples of words using this character are: 真{ま}ん中{なか} meaning _right in\nthe middle_. Or, 真理{しんり} meaning _truth_. Or, 真珠{しんじゅ} meaning _pearl_.\n写真{しゃしん} means _photograph_.\n\nSo, as you can see it is used in a wide array of words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T00:06:45.823",
"id": "52091",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T00:16:25.197",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T00:16:25.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52090",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52090 | 52091 | 52091 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "【大ニュース！】. . 8月6日(日)Lovesofa は Africaリリースパーティー. . みんなでお祝いしましょう！. .\nいつもと違うLovesofaが見れるかも？. . **取り置きお待ちしてます！**\n\nI need some help with this Tweet. I understand everything except the last\nsentence. I've Googled, and asked around among some (older) Japanese friends\nand everyone seems a little stumped. Based on the context, it occurred to me\nthat rather than the dictionary definition of \"layaway,\" perhaps it means\n\"pre-order\" instead? As, in \"We await your pre-orders (of our latest\nalbum/CD).\" Any help would be greatly appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T01:25:29.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52094",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T02:02:11.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19784",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is this a common use of 取り置き?",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "[From\nコトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E7%BD%AE%E3%81%8D-343996)\n\nIt seems you got the general idea correct, going by the first definition on\nthe link. \nProbably best translated something along the lines of \"Get it/Pre-order before\nit's all gone!\"\n\nAs for how common the phrase is, a quick search turns up almost exclusively\nwith stores (as one might expect). So in that context, it's something you'll\nprobably see from time to time, but I highly doubt it's a word you'll use\noften in daily life (At least I know I've never personally used the phrase).\nIn most cases, I think 予約 is preferred, though I suppose that is for before an\nitem goes on sale, while 取り置き can happen after.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T01:29:50.747",
"id": "52095",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T01:45:17.973",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T01:45:17.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "25280",
"owner_user_id": "25280",
"parent_id": "52094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "\"Pre-order\" is not too far, but \"(ticket) reservation\" might be a better word.\nIt specifically refers to a certain system small Japanese ライブハウス use. When an\nevent is not big enough to use a dedicated ticket agency, they use this 取り置き\nsystem to sell tickets.\n\nBasically you can call or email the club and make your tickets \"reserved\".\nSometimes the performer/organizer themselves will accept such reservation. On\nthe day of the event, you come to the club, tell your name at the reception,\nand get your reserved paper ticket. So it's essentially similar to a\nreservation of a restaurant, but you cannot use 取り置き for reserving\nrestaurants. You cannot use 取り置き for pre-ordering in general, either.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T01:56:53.507",
"id": "52097",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T02:02:11.163",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T02:02:11.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52094 | null | 52097 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen these comma-like marks above kanji/kana in Japanese novels a few\ntimes, but I have no idea what they're called or their purpose:\n\n\n\nI tried looking online and I haven't found anything (it's pretty hard to find\nout when I don't even know what they're called).\n\nI've seen them appear in various contexts before, once I saw it in a novel\nwhere the speaker was announcing someone's name (in a formal setting), another\ntime I saw it in a different novel when the speaker was in despair and they\nwere talking about giving up on everything.\n\nI'm very curious about this, can anyone explain what these marks are?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T18:18:39.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52108",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T18:20:38.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25329",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"symbols"
],
"title": "What are these marks that sometimes appear above kanji/kana?",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know what they are called, someone else can answer to that. But those\nmarks are for emphasis. It's the traditional equivalent of underlining, or\nbolding, or setting in italics. It can also be used in a situation where, in\nEnglish, we might use an exclamation point (though those do exist in Japanese\nnow).\n\nIf you wanted to look it up, I would suggest looking up something on emphasis\nand typesetting when printing material in Japanese.\n\nSo, in this case, it's like saying \" **They couldn't do it!** \"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T18:20:38.697",
"id": "52109",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T18:20:38.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52108",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52108 | null | 52109 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52111",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was seeing the kanji for the word group, 隊 and for remembering it, I was\ntrying to discomponse it. This part 㒸 looks like a kanji but I can't find\nanywhere its meaning if it's really a kanji. I know this kanji 豕 means pig,\nbut this other one 㒸 which looks like \"pig\" but with \"horns\" above, is it\nreally a kanji? If so, what does it mean?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T18:49:07.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52110",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-25T13:18:05.410",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T13:18:05.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "is this symbol 㒸 a kanji?",
"view_count": 1545
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's something a Japanese person would call 漢字{かんじ} (I think). In\nEnglish, a closer term would probably be [Chinese\ncharacter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters) or Han character\nbecause:\n\n * In Chinese, it's an [archaic variant](http://www.hsk.academy/en/characters/%E3%92%B8) of [遂](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%82), a character common in Japanese and Chinese\n * It consists of [⿱丷豕](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%92%B8) like you said\n * It's [**not used much in Japanese**](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%92%B8) (close to none looking at Google results; the results are mostly dictionary entries)\n * It's read `suì` in Mandarin (the [音読み]{おんよみ} of 遂 is [スイ]{sui} for comparison)\n * It's used as a part of several kanji that are actually used in Japanese: \n * Kyōiku kanji: [隊](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%9A%8A%20%23kanji) (in your question)\n * Jōyō kanji: [遂](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%82%20%23kanji) (mentioned earlier), [墜](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%A2%9C%20%23kanji) (has 隊)\n * Hyōgai kanji (not very common): [燧](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%87%A7%20%23kanji), [隧](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%9A%A7%20%23kanji), [邃](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%82%83%20%23kanji) (note how they all have some variant of 遂)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T20:41:04.207",
"id": "52111",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T20:41:04.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19206",
"parent_id": "52110",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "JFYI, a pig is written as 豚 in Japanese. I don't think the asking letter is a\nJapanese kanji.\n\nWith or without the horns, they are only a part of a kanji, not a complete\nkanji.\n\nFor example, 河、海、涼 have the same left side part. The left part means something\nrelated to water, but the left side itself cannot be a complete kanji.\n\nFor example, in case of \"airport\" \"transport\", the \"port\" can be a word\nitself. However, \"emphasize\" \"visualize\", the \"ize\" cannot be a word itself.\nIt is only a part of English words, a suffix. It's the same thing.\n\nIf you have an advanced knowledge about the etiology of English words, you may\nknow the meaning of each part of an English letter. But I don't think many\nnative English speakers haven't thought of it much. Likewise, your asking part\nof kanji would probably have a special meaning. But most native Japanese\nspeakers including myself do not know of it. We don't care because it is\nunnecessary in our actual daily life, except for Japanese exams at school. lol",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T22:13:37.253",
"id": "52113",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T22:22:42.333",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T22:22:42.333",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52110",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Etymologically, 㒸 surely represented some meaning at the times of Oracle\nScript, so we willingly call it a Chinese character (= kanji). However, since\nkanji had already undergone a millennium of development with full of rebuses\nand patch-ups by the time the first known dictionary [Shuowen\nJiezi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) was compiled, some of\noriginal meanings were lost or not correctly passed down.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sHsSc.jpg) \n([source](http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-\nmf/search.php?word=%E3%92%B8))\n\n㒸 apparently consists of \"eight\" and \"swine\" since the oldest attestation, but\nits original meaning is obscure. Ancient documents tends to use this character\nfor the word written as 遂 today. It is possible that the character referred to\nsome proper name or domain-specific term, like most of still undecoded Oracle\ncharacters, or like 好, 商, 青 etc. that were taken over by a more common\nphonetically similar word.\n\nA similar example is 釆, the shape alone survives the meaning, as parts of 番, 悉\nand 釈.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T03:00:34.067",
"id": "52119",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T03:00:34.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "52110",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52110 | 52111 | 52111 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52117",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I'm curious about the word 平安 【へいあん】, does it sound weird to a native\nspeaker's ears to be used in other situations other than the Heian Period, or\nis it normal in everyday use?\n\nI've seen these examples from [Tofugu](https://www.wanikani.com), but I'm\nstill unsure.\n\n> 平安じだいはいつですか。\n>\n> When was the Heian period?\n\n* * *\n\n> ブリティッシュコロンビアの古の森を歩く時、心に平安を感じる。\n>\n> Walking through the old growth forests in British Columbia was so peaceful.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T22:07:46.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52112",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T05:10:45.893",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Using 平安 in situations other than the Heian Period",
"view_count": 854
} | [
{
"body": "平安 can be used for the both meaning because they are in every Japanese\ndictionaries.\n\nHowever, I agree with your doubt.\n\nIn today's Japan, \"peace\" is translated into most commonly \"平和.\"\n\n心に平和を感じる is the most common. 心に平穏を感じる can be an alternative. 心に平安を感じる is okay\nand understandable, but I myself don't dare to choose.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T23:10:38.557",
"id": "52115",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T23:10:38.557",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52112",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "> 平安\n\n「へ・い・あ・ん」という発音｛はつおん｝を聞｛き｝いた多｛おお｝くの日本人｛にほんじん｝は、「？」と感｛かん｝じると思｛おも｝います。 \n「平安」という漢字｛かんじ｝を見｛み｝たときは、「平安[時代]{じだい}」なら問題｛もんだい｝ありません。また、「平安な＊＊＊\n_peaceful_...」でもそれほど問題はありません。しかし、理解｛りかい｝するのに、ほんの少｛すこ｝しだけ時間｛じかん｝が掛｛か｝かります。それは、日本人が「平安」という言葉｛ことば｝をふだん余｛あま｝り\n見聞｛みき｝き していないからだと思います。\n\nMany Japanese people who hear the sound of \"he-i-a-n\" might feel \"What?\" \nThere is no problem when you see _kanji_ s of \"平安\" in \"平安時代 _Heian period_ \".\nAlso, there is not much problem when see \"平安な～ _peaceful_ ...\". However, in\nthe latter case, it takes just a little more time to understand its correct\nmeaning than it does in the previous case. That's because the Japanese do not\nusually hear or see the word or phrase like \"平安～\" \"平安な～\" other than \"平安時代\".\n\nヒーロー（hero）に対｛たい｝する「ヒロイン（heroine）」と麻薬｛まやく｝（drug）の「ヘロイン（heroin）」に関{かん}するpsosunaさんのコメントを見て、「へいあん」の同音異義語｛どうおんいぎご｝（hononym）を探｛さが｝しましたが全｛まった｝く見｛み｝つかりません。\n\nAfter I saw psosuna's interesting comment on \"hero - heroine\" vs. drug\n\"heroin\", I looked for homonyms of \"へいあん\", but I could not find anyone at all.\n\nでは何故｛なぜ｝「平安 _peace of mind_\n」が日常｛にちじょう｝、特｛とく｝に話｛はな｝し言葉｛ことば｝として使｛つか｝われないのかその理由｛りゆう｝を考｛かんが｝えてみました。以下｛いか｝に述｛の｝べることは、全｛まった｝くの私見｛しけん｝（personal\nopinion）ですので参考{さんこう}としてご覧｛ご｝ください。\n\nSo why isn't \"平安 _peace of mind_ \" frequently used in everyday life,\nespecially in a speech or conversation? What is written below is absolutely my\npersonal opinion, so please take a look as mere a reference.\n\n 1. 「平安」という漢語｛かんご｝（words of Chinese origin）に比｛くら｝べてほぼ同｛おな｝じ意味｛いみ｝を持｛も｝つ「安｛やす｝らか」という和語｛わご｝（native Japanese words）の方｛ほう｝が、peace of mind（心｛こころ｝の平和｛へいわ｝）をより良｛よ｝く表現｛ひょうげん｝できるように感｛かん｝じます。これには理屈｛りくつ｝がありません（I feel so without any reason）。 \n同様｛どうよう｝のことは、「平安」と似｛に｝た言葉｛ことば｝である「平穏｛へいおん｝ _being peacefully quiet_\n」についても言｛い｝えます。すなわち、「平穏」より「穏｛おだ｝やか」という言葉｛ことば｝の方｛ほう｝が、being peacefully quiet\nという気持｛きも｝ちを表現{ひょうげん}するのに一層｛いっそう｝ふさわしいと感じます。\n\nI think \"安｛やす｝らか\" that has almost the same meaning as \"平安{へいあん}\" could express\nthe meaning of \"peace of mind\" better; where \"安｛やす｝らか\" belongs to 和語{わご｝ _a\nnative Japanese word_ and \"平安{へいあん}\" belongs to 漢語{かんご｝ _a word of Chinese\norigin_. Why I feel so is quite difficult to explain. I feel so without any\nreason. \nThe same thing could be said for a 漢語 of \"平穏｛へいおん｝ _being peacefully quiet_ \"\nwhich is similar to the meaning of \"平安\". In other words, I think a 和語 of\n\"穏{おだ}やか\" rather than \"平穏\" is more expressive in explaining the feeling of\n\"being peacefully quiet\".\n\n 2. 一方、「平安」に似た言葉に「平和｛へいわ｝ _peace_ 」という言葉があります。これは日本人の誰｛だれ｝もが知っていますが、それを和語で簡単｛かんたん｝に言｛い｝い換｛か｝える方法｛ほうほう｝を知りません。「平和」とは「戦争｛せんそう｝をしない状態｛じょうたい｝」と言えるのかも知れません。この言い換えた表現を見ると、明｛あき｝らかに人間の心｛こころ｝の状態を表現する言葉でないことが分かります。つまり、「平和」は、「平安」や「平穏」とは違｛ちが｝う分野｛ぶんや｝の言葉ですから、漢語としての「平和」をそのまま使っているのでしょう。\n\nOn the other hand, there is a word \"平和｛へいわ｝ _peace_ \" that is also similar to\n\"平安\". Every Japanese knows the word of 平和, but I don't know how to easily\ntranslate it into 和語. \"平和\" could be said to be \"a state where there is no war\nor no one is waging war\". Looking at this paraphrased expression, you can see\nthat it is clear \"平和\" is not a word expressing the condition of the human\nmind. In other words, \"平和\" is a word belongs to a field that is different from\n\"平安\" or \"平穏\", so our Japanese will use the 漢語 of \"平和\" as it is.\n\n 3. 次に、比較的良く使われる「平穏」と余り使われない「平安」の違いを考えてみます。\n\nNext, let's consider the difference between \"平穏\" which is used relatively\noften as I said before and \"平安\" which is not used much.\n\n1) 「へ・い・ **お** ・ん」と「へ・い・ **あ** ・ん」とでは音の違いがあります。quiet, tranquil, peaceful\nなどの主｛おも｝に心の様子を表現するときに「おん」という発音は「あん」より静｛しず｝かで、落｛お｝ち着｛つ｝きがあるように感じます。同様｛どうよう｝の現象｛げんしょう｝は、陰陽という漢字に対しても言えます。陰陽には、「\n**い** んよう」と「 **お** んよう/ **お**\nんみょう」という２系統｛けいとう｝の発音｛はつおん｝がありますが、「おんよう/おんみょう」の方が何故か「華｛はな｝やいだ感じ」の逆｛ぎゃく｝である「落ち着き」や「重々｛おもおも｝しさ」を感じます。日本人にとって、きっと「\n**おん** 」という発音あるいは響｛ひび｝きにはそのような性質｛せいしつ｝があるのでしょう。\n\nThere is difference in the sound between \"平穏 he-i- **o** -n\" and \"平安 he-i-\n**a** -n\". I would perceive the sound of \"on\" to be quieter and calmer than\nthat of \"an\", so I think \"on\" sound is more appropriate when expressing the\nstate of the mind mainly such as quiet, tranquil or peaceful. The same\nphenomenon can be said for the word of 陰陽. There are two kinds of\npronunciations \" **in** -yoh\" and \" **on** -yoh / on-myoh\" for 陰陽. I don't\nknow the reason but I feel \"calm\" and \"gravity\" for the sound of \"on-yoh / on-\nmyoh\" more than that of \"in-yoh\". For Japanese people, I definitely believe\nthat such kind of characteristic exists in the sound of \"on\".\n\n2) 「平穏」には「平穏無事｛へいおんぶじ｝ _peaceful and uneventful_ 」という[四字熟語｛よじじゅくご｝\n_yojijukugo_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yojijukugo)があります。「平穏無事に暮｛く｝らしております\nあるいは 平穏無事に過｛す｝ごしております _Living in peace and quiet_ or _Living without\nparticular trouble_\n」のように、丁寧｛ていねい｝な手紙文｛てがみぶん｝や電話｛でんわ｝の挨拶｛あいさつ｝などで普通に使われております。すなわち、「平穏」という言葉はそのままの形｛かたち｝ではありませんが、我々｛われわれ｝には慣｛な｝れ親｛した｝しんだ表現だと言えます。一方｛いっぽう｝、「平安」にはそのような熟語｛じゅくご｝が無｛な｝いように思います。従｛したが｝って「平安」という言葉が「平穏」より余り使われていないのだと思います。\n\n\"平穏\" used often as an idiomatic phrase of \"平穏無事 _peaceful and uneventful_ \",\nwhich is termed \"four character idiom\" or \"[\n_yojijukugo_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yojijukugo)\". \n平穏無事 is commonly used in greetings etc. like \"平穏無事に暮｛く｝らしております or\n平穏無事に過｛す｝ごしております _We are living in peace and quiet_ or _We are living without\nparticular trouble_ \" in a polite letter or a telephone call. In other words,\nwe are familiar with \"平穏\" though it is not used as the form as it is. \nOn the other hand, \"平安\" does not have an idiomatic phrase such as \"平穏\" has.\nTherefore, I think that the word of \"平安\" is less used than \"平穏\".\n\n3) psosunaさんのコメントにあったように「平安」という漢字には、Heian period という意味が「厳然｛げんぜん｝として（as\nauthoritatively / in a majestic manner）」あります。従って、peace of mind\nの意味で「平安」が使われても、誰｛だれ｝もが、まず Heian period という意味かどうか確認｛かくにん｝したあとで、 peace of mind\nという意味だと解釈｛かいしゃく｝します。普通なら、そのような面倒｛めんどう｝な言葉をわざわざ使う前に、「安らか」とか「平穏」とか問題のない言葉に言い換えて自分の\npeace of mind を表現するのが自然｛しぜん｝だと思います。従って、peace of mind\nと言う意味で「平安」があまり使われていないのだと思います。\n\nAs is written in the question of OP, there is a meaning of \"Heian period\"\nauthoritatively or in a majestic manner in _kanji_ s \"平安\". Therefore, even if\n\"平安\" is used in the sense of \"peace of mind\", everyone interprets it as the\nintended meaning at last after confirming it does not mean Heian period.\nOrdinarily, it is natural to express your \"peace of mind\" in other words such\nas \"安らか\" or \"平穏\" without using the troublesome word of \"平安\". \nTherefore, I think that \"平安\" is not used much in the sense of \"peace of mind\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T02:10:44.013",
"id": "52117",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T05:10:45.893",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T05:10:45.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52112",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "There are some similar words using 平:\n\n * **平和【へいわ】** : peace. the state without war or conflicts. \n\n> * この戦争が終われば平和が訪れる。\n> * 戦争のない平和な世界が来てほしい。\n\n * **和平【わへい】** : peace (in legal/diplomatic contexts); cessation of war \n\n> * 敵国のリーダーと和平交渉を行う。\n> * 我が国はA国と和平条約を締結した。\n\n * **平安【へいあん】** : calmness; peace in mind; state without disturbance, anxiety or bad mental conditions. It's not a difficult word, but is a bit literary (i.e., not very common in casual conversations) \n\n> * 小さなことに悩まないようにすれば、心の平安を保てます。\n> * 戦争は終結し、人々は訪れた束の間の平安を享受した。\n\n * **平穏【へいおん】** : (temporary) quietness; tranquility; without trouble \n\n> * 一晩中見張っていたが、その夜は平穏に過ぎた。\n> * この問題は平穏に処理しましょう。\n\n * **平静【へいせい】** : coolness in mind; not confused, panicked or excited. a more common word in conversation is 冷静. \n\n> * チェスの試合では、平静さを失わないことが大切だ。興奮すると間違いが多くなってしまう。\n> * 平静を装っていたが、心の中では気が動転していた。\n\nThe direct antonym of 戦争 is 平和. 平安 is mainly used to describe how peaceful and\ncalm your mind (or your family, your neighbor, etc) is.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T02:48:47.447",
"id": "52118",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T03:57:34.863",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T03:57:34.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52112",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "The other answers are excellent. I would just like to add that I have heard 平安\nused fairly regularly in religious conversations. Combining that with the\ndefinition given by naruto, (`Peace of mind; state of good mental condition`)\nit seems to fit really well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T13:48:24.940",
"id": "52132",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T13:48:24.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "52112",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52112 | 52117 | 52115 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52116",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I've been exploring the semi-new Japanese Duolingo course and came across\nthis: 彼は今日学校に来ると思います。\n\nI interpretted it as He thinks he (himself) will come to school today. But Duo\nhad it as I think he will come to school today. Is either wrong?\n\nAssuming I'm right, shouldn't 行く be the more appropriate verb? And assuming\nDuolingo is correct, shouldn't は be が? Is that necessary? And is the speaker\nat school hence 来る?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T22:30:18.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52114",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T04:04:54.600",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T04:04:54.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Confusion: は/が with 思う",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "I'm afraid there is only one interpretation for that sentence: \"I, who is now\nat school, think that he will come to school today.\"\n\nIt's because of the verb 来る as you said, for one reason. But 来る・行く is not the\nwhole reason.\n\n息子は今日学校に行くと思います。 \"I think my son will probably go to school today.\"\n\n彼は今日学校に行くと思います。 This sentence still have only one interpretation: \"The speaker\nthinks that he will go to school today.\"\n\nIn order to express, \"He thinks that he will go to school today,\" it should be\nwritten as the following:\n\n彼は今日学校に行くつもりです。\n\n彼は今日学校に行けると思っています。\n\n彼は今日学校に行こうと思っています。\n\n彼は今日こそ学校に行こうと思う。\n\nor something like that.\n\nI would change something a little in order to avoid the ambiguity which you\nmentioned in this question.\n\nIf \"彼\" has a mental disorder and he doesn't know what he is going to do next,\nいyet, the subject of \"彼は今日学校に行くと思います\" is not \"he\" but someone else.\n\n\"彼は今日学校に行くと **思っています** ” means \"He thinks that he will go to school today.\"\n\n**_In order to express your interpretation, use the present progressive tense\nin this context._**",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-08T23:23:03.300",
"id": "52116",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-08T23:29:16.877",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-08T23:29:16.877",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52114",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52114 | 52116 | 52116 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to a website I was learning, they said 濡れ羽色 is jet black and 烏羽色 is\nglossy black. But in my Japanese dictionary, both words mean glossy black?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T04:48:04.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52120",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T05:13:28.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25306",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Confusion between 濡れ羽色 and 烏羽色",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "I suspect that, unless you're in a paint shop, you're expecting a bit too much\nfrom a dictionary. According to my Japanese dictionary (ie, dictionary for\nJapanese written in Japanese), these words are practically identical.\n\nThe meaning of 濡れ羽色\n\n> 水に濡れた烏の羽の色のように，しっとりとしたつやのある黒色 \n> The color black having a moist gloss as in the color of a crow's moistened\n> feather.\n\nThe meaning of 烏羽色\n\n> 烏の羽のような，つやのある黒色 \n> The color black having a gloss [and the color] like that of a crow's\n> feather",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T05:01:43.230",
"id": "52121",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T05:13:28.293",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T05:13:28.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52120 | null | 52121 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52131",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been studying the causative, passive, causative-passive forms and found\nthat they are very confusing. I am not confused much about the conjugation\n(される, etc), but in identifying the who/what the subject is and what he is\ndoing (or what is being done by who).\n\nAnyone who also have this confusion? Please point me to resources where I can\npractice (for a workbook/drill kind) or examples that can be of great\nreference.\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T05:41:08.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52122",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T15:59:09.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"passive-voice",
"causation"
],
"title": "causative, passive, causative-passive",
"view_count": 775
} | [
{
"body": "**_Genki II Textbook_** (Although not _technically_ free) is a great resource.\n\n```\n\n I am not confused much about the conjugation (される, etc),\n \n but in identifying the who/what the subject is and what he is doing\n \n (or what is being done by who).\n \n```\n\n(Almost everything down below is from Genki II)\n\nHere's a way to remember it.\n\n* * *\n\n**Causative**\n\n> **先生** は **学生** に 会話を **覚えさせました** 。\n>\n> ( **\"Director\"** ) は ( **\"Cast\")** に ( **\"Action\"** ).\n>\n> _The professor made the students memorize the dialogue._\n\n**The \"director\" decides what is allowed and what is to be done.** Marked with\nは or が.\n\n**The \"cast\" performs the action.** Usually goes with に.\n\n**The \"action\"** is described with a causative form of the verb.\n\n* * *\n\n**Passive**\n\n> **私** は **友達** に 車を使われました。\n>\n> ( **\"Victim\"** ) は ( **\"Villain\"** ) に ( **\"Evil Act\"** ).\n>\n> _I had my car used by my friend._\n\nIn _most_ passive sentences, the \"victim\" has been unfavorably affected by the\n\"villain's\" act.\n\n**The one doing the action is the \"villain\", and the \"victim\" is affected in\nsome way or another.**\n\nHere is an example where I think it is \"not unfavorable\", however the \"victim\"\nwill still be affected.\n\n> このパッケージ **に** は、あらゆるもの **が** 含まれている。\n>\n> Everything is included in this package. (\"Everything\" is \"being included\" by\n> \"the package\".)\n\nIn this case, \"Everything\", or あらゆるもの, is the \"victim\", who is _being\naffected_ by \"being included\".\n\n\"The package\", or パッケージ, is the \"villain\" who is _including_ \"everything.\"\n\nThe reason why I don't consider this an \"unfavorable\" situation is because the\nsentence is about _inanimate objects_.\n\n* * *\n\n**Causative-Passive**\n\n> **私** は **彼女** に **車を洗わされました** 。\n>\n> ( **\"Puppet\"** ) は ( **\"Puppet Master\"** ) に ( **\"Action\"** ).\n>\n> My girlfriend made me wash her car.\n\n**The \"puppet\" (i.e. 私 or \"me\"）is forced into performing an action.** Marked\nwith は or が.\n\n**The \"puppet master\" （i.e. 彼女 or \"My girlfriend\"）\"wields power over, and\nmanipulates\", the \"puppet\".** Uses に.\n\nThe **\"action\" forced upon the \"puppet\"** is described with a causative-\npassive verb.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T13:27:56.677",
"id": "52131",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T15:59:09.863",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T15:59:09.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52122",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52122 | 52131 | 52131 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's known that _roughly_ , in most cases, we can think of using \"wo\" vs \"ga\"\nthis way:\n\n> ga is used when action is abstract, mental, non-physical\n>\n> otherwise, wo is used\n\nYet, these examples are in contradiction with that rule:\n\n> Something ga taberarenai.\n>\n> Someone wo shitte iru.\n\nWhy is that? Are there any exceptions?\n\nThere are other examples as well I can remember for now.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T05:52:17.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52123",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T21:45:55.667",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25265",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Difference between \"ga\" vs \"wo\"",
"view_count": 3749
} | [
{
"body": "As for your first example, potential forms of transitive verbs can take が\ninstead of を. 食べられない (taberarenai) is the negative potential form of 食べる\n(taberu, \"to eat\"). が is used because no physical action has been taken yet\nwhen you say \"can\".\n\n * [Potential Form](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/potential)\n\n> The potential form indicates that something is possible but no actual action\n> is actually taken. While the potential form is still a verb, because it is\n> describing the state of feasibility, in general, you don't want to use the\n> direct object 「を」 as you would with the non-potential form of the verb.\n\n * [The difference between が and を with the potential form of a verb.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/5010)\n * [Why say \"〜、皆には出来る。\" instead of \" 〜、皆は出来る。\" in this context?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36481/5010)\n\n> One key to understanding how できる happens grammatically is that できる is often\n> describing the thing that can be done, instead of the people or things doing\n> the thing. Sometimes a closer gloss is _doable_ rather than _can_\n\nAs for your second example, yes, 知る (shiru, \"to learn; to get to know\") is a\ntransitive verb (a verb that takes を). 分かる (wakaru, \"to understand\") is a\nsimilar word but does not usually take を. I think this is something you have\nto remember and get used to.\n\n * [How should I choose between [知]{し}る and わかる?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1659/5010)\n * [知る vs わかる and when to use が and を in \"how to\" questions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14873/5010)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T06:33:04.133",
"id": "52125",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T06:33:04.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52123 | null | 52125 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been learning/using Japanese for the past 16 years and now that I have\nbecome a mother to my 3 month old son, I would like to bring him up exposed to\nboth English and Japanese. I haven't had many interactions with small children\nso don't know much baby/child specific language. I would love some\nsuggestions. E.g. Can you use 愛している to say I love you to your child, or is\nthat only for use with a significant other?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T07:07:54.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52126",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T11:38:17.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25341",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"kinship-terms"
],
"title": "Using Japanese with my child",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "(your son's name)-ちゃんが、だいすきよ！\n\nOr just だ～いすき！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T08:53:29.417",
"id": "52129",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T11:38:17.027",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T11:38:17.027",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52126",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52126 | null | 52129 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52128",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a Japanese word alternative to エラー that can be used in the context of\nIT? If not, what would be the closest?\n\n間違い、誤り、過ち... would any of this work or what would be the most suitable in this\ncase?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T07:56:44.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52127",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-07T22:08:47.510",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T18:42:42.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "What would be the closest native Japanese word to エラー in the context of IT?",
"view_count": 1509
} | [
{
"body": "エラー is a very common word and I don't think you need to avoid it in IT\ncontexts. That said, _some_ errors can be safely translated using non-katakana\nwords.\n\n * **不正** (na-adjective) is commonly used in the sense of \"invalid\" or \"illegal\". Occasionally it's also used for unexpected run-time errors/malfunctions.\n\n> * 不正な構文です。\n> * 不正なパラメータでコンストラクタが呼び出されました。\n> * HTTP 400 Bad Request は不正なリクエストが送信された場合のステータスコードです。\n> * ☆ 実行時に不正な動作が発生しました。\n> * ☆ サーバの不正が発生しましたが1時間後に復旧しました。\n>\n> (☆ エラーが発生しました is much more common.)\n\nNote that 不正 also means _injustice_ , and 不正なプログラム almost always refers to\n_malware_ today.\n\n * **誤り** has been historically used when we talk about I/O errors and error-correction mechanisms (eg [誤り検出訂正](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%A4%E3%82%8A%E6%A4%9C%E5%87%BA%E8%A8%82%E6%AD%A3)). It's also a generic word for mistakes made by human beings.\n\n * **間違い** is a casual word for human mistakes in general. In conversations 間違い is more common than 誤り.\n\n * **不具合** refers to both sudden malfunctions and software flaws/bugs.\n\n * 過ち usually refers to faux pas, misconduct, bad decision, etc.\n\nOn a site like Stack Overflow, you can use このプログラムには2個の｛エラー／誤り／間違い／バグ｝があります\ninterchangeably. In formal error messages, I think エラー and 不正 are the only two\nwords we commonly see.\n\n( _Edit_ : Incorporated Chocolate's comment on 不具合. This is another common\nword.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T08:49:30.820",
"id": "52128",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-07T22:08:47.510",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-07T22:08:47.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52127",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
},
{
"body": "The word I would use here would be\n[誤作動](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%AA%A4%E4%BD%9C%E5%8B%95-681394), as that is\nspecific to machinery.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T13:54:30.450",
"id": "52133",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T13:54:30.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25280",
"parent_id": "52127",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52127 | 52128 | 52128 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52135",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following video when doing research:\n\n[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlkoq4WZrTE&t=358s&authuser=1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlkoq4WZrTE&t=358s&authuser=1)\n\nAt first I could not comprehend at all what was being said, but after\nlistening carefully I could pick up a few words. Generally my listening\ncomprehension isn't that bad, so this caught me off guard.\n\nI think part of the reason is the sound recording and how the sensei in the\nvideo is speaking in a rough way.\n\nBut I think another aspect is how he is speaking in some dialect (Kyoto?).\n\nSo my two questions are:\n\n1) Is the Japanese in this video easily understood by native Japanese\nspeakers?\n\n2) What regional dialect is being spoken, if any?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T15:49:27.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52134",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T16:52:38.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"listening"
],
"title": "Difficulty of comprehension of Japanese in a video and identification of dialect",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "1) No. I can pick only a few words such as 極意, 回る (with the aid of the\ngesture), これは, 大概, 息を, これだけじゃ相手, ...\n\n2) Definitely dialectal. Probably western Japan. Maybe Kyushu...? Oh, [this\nperson is from Matsuyama, Ehime](https://aikidoaishinkan.jimdo.com/profile-1/)\nin the Shikoku island.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T16:52:38.717",
"id": "52135",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T16:52:38.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52134 | 52135 | 52135 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52142",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Again, I was seeing the kanji for the word slow, 遅 and for remembering it I\nwas trying to decompose it. This part looks like a kanji but I can't find\nanywhere its meaning if it's really a kanji. Is it just a piece of kanji with\nno meaning or is it a kanji? If so, what does it mean?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3lhXH.png)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T20:20:32.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52136",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T08:30:16.397",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T21:43:45.390",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "is the symbol (U+21C5D) a kanji?",
"view_count": 409
} | [
{
"body": "The picture you are showing is a Han character, which _can be_ considered a 漢字\nin some aspects, **but it does not have a reading in Japanese.**\n\n**However** , **the kanji 遅** , that is **_technically_** made up from it, is\nactually made up of **three** parts in Japanese.\n\n羊, which can also be a kanji meaning \"sheep\"\n\n尸, which is just a radical and\n\n⻌ , another radical meaning \"road\", \"walk\", or \"to advance\".\n\nIn Japanese, radicals are essentially pieces that help make up kanji.\n\nFor your pleasure, [here's a whole list of\nradicals](https://kanjialive.com/214-traditional-kanji-radicals/) and their\nmeanings.",
"comment_count": 19,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T20:26:02.763",
"id": "52137",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T05:20:18.393",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T05:20:18.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "### The specifics of \n\nPer [the Wiktionary entry](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%85) for\n, this kanji is the\n_shinjitai_ or Japanese simplified form of classical\n, also listed under the\n**Variants** heading at the bottom of the [Unihan Database entry\npage](http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=9045). The\nright-hand portion would thus be\n\n( \"ox\" under\n \"tail\" = \"rhinoceros\", but\nprobably only used phonetically in\n), rather than\n\n( \"sheep\" under\n \"person sitting or lying, in\nrepresentation of the dead\" = which apparently doesn't have an independent\nmeaning of its own).\n\n### General considerations when decomposing characters\n\nBefore trying to suss out the individual parts of a kanji character for their\nmeaning, it pays to first find out if the kanji you're looking at is a\ntraditional form or a _shinjitai_ character. If it's a _shinjitai_ kanji, you\nwant to find the _kyūjitai_ or traditional form first, and then figure out the\nmeaning from there.\n\nThat said, kanji components were often assembled for phonetic reasons rather\nthan semantics, so looking into meanings of the components won't always\nproduce useful information (for instance, rhinos are actually quite fast when\nthey move, and sheep posing as dead people doesn't have a whole lot to do with\nslowness either). Your best bet is to get a good kanji etymology dictionary.\nIn lieu of that (which can be hard to find, and somewhat expensive), the\ncommunity of Chinese editors at [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/) has\nbeen doing a decent job of describing the origins of the many Chinese\ncharacters, so have a go at checking there. (Full disclosure: I've also been\nan editor over there, but primarily for the Japanese entries.)\n\nHappy hunting!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T22:17:27.537",
"id": "52142",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T22:17:27.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "52136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The 遅 character originated from its _kyujitai_ form: 遲.\n\nIt consists of these components:\n\n1) Semantic component 辵 (simplified as 辶, reading: shinnyō) means \"walk\",\n\"move\", \"motion\".\n\n2) Phonetic component 犀 (reading: sei) means \"rhinoceros\", consists of\nphonetic component 尾 (tail) & semantic component 牛 (ox).\n\nAccording to old character variations noted in \"異體字字典\", the character in\n_shinjitai_ form of 遅 is a written **variant** of 犀 (together with other 22\ncharacters made in middle Chinese era, the complete list available on\n[character\nvariants](http://dict2.variants.moe.edu.tw/variants/rbt/word_attribute.rbt?quote_code=QTAyNTAxLTAxOA)).\nIn Japanese this is called 異体字 (itaiji, lit. different form characters) &\nsometimes considered as replacement characters when simplifying a complex\nkanji (similar way: 證 => 証). As a traditional variant, it actually uses **same\nsound & meaning** as 犀 (note that 犀 available in jinmeiyō kanji but not in\njōyō kanji).\n\nHere is a proof of 犀 character variants, taken from \"中華字海\" at the same\nreference source ( marked in red box):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iGKKF.png)\n\nPS: In mainland China the simplification form of same character becomes 迟,\nderived from 尺 which denotes \"Chinese foot measurement unit\" (so that implies\n\"walking one foot per second\" has associated meaning with 'slow').",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T08:30:16.397",
"id": "52170",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T08:30:16.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18259",
"parent_id": "52136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52136 | 52142 | 52142 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52172",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've heard `させていただけないでしょうか` is a more formal version of `させていただけませんか`, is this\ntrue?\n\nIf so, what's an example scenario in which you would use the first structure\n\n`させていただけないでしょう` and not `させていただけませんか`？\n\nI've seen `させていただきたい（んです）` used for 'indirect use' but I don't really\nunderstand what that means. How does it differ to the previous structures and\nwhere can it be used correctly?\n\nThank you for any help!\n\nLois",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T20:26:27.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52138",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T09:50:46.020",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T04:18:14.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "25348",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What's the difference between させていただけませんか , させていただけないでしょうか ＆ させていただきたい（んです）？",
"view_count": 3314
} | [
{
"body": "In general, a request can be more modest and politer if we choose more\nindirect expressions, including \"question\"-type syntax, \"negative\"-form\nsyntax, and longer phrases, in many languages. At least in Japanese and\nEnglish.\n\nFor example,\n\n * 1. Open the window.\n * 2. Open the window, please.\n * 3. Can you open the window?\n * 4. Could you open the window?\n * 5. Would you mind opening the window for me?\n * 6. It would be a great appreciation for me if I could ask you to open the window for me. (Exaggeration. lol)\n\nSome expressions are abrupt and impolite in some situations, and some are too\npolite and redundant, seeming rather sarcastic in some situations. But\ngenerally speaking, the more the number up, the politer it would become.\n\nLikewise,\n\n * 1. させてくれ。\n * 2. させてください。\n * 3. させていただきたいんです。\n * 4. させていただけますか。\n * 5. させていただけませんか。\n * 6. させていただけないでしょうか。\n * 7. させていただければ大変光栄と存じます。\n * 8. させていただけるかお尋ねすることが許されるのなら、是非お尋ねしたいと考えておりました。無理なお願いになりますでしょうか。（←誇張 何を言ってるのかわからないほどの婉曲化（笑））\n\nAside from the exaggeration, more the number up, the politer the sentence\nbecomes.\n\nDo you understand this logic?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T09:16:23.947",
"id": "52172",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T09:50:46.020",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T09:50:46.020",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 52138 | 52172 | 52172 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have problems with Sentence 3, Exercise 7\n[here](https://www.docdroid.net/IRZXxk4/img-20170809-0002-new.pdf):\n\n> いろいろ考えてみると、ふだんは田舎の自然を楽しみ、時には町の楽しみも味わうという生活が理想的なのではないだろうか。\n\nI filled in the gaps as the accompanying solutions manual suggested it. Here’s\nmy attempt at translation:\n\n> When you try to think about it (=these various things?), don’t you think\n> that in the normal case one enjoys the homelands nature, and at times the\n> life, which is the towns pleasure and taste, are not ideal.\n\nIt definitely feels like something is off. いろいろ in the first part seems to be\nin adverbial use, but I can’t figure out how to translate it in a meaningful\nway. I have no idea about ふだんは; same goes for 時には. The worst thing is\n楽しみも味わうという生活. も seems to indicate that たのしみ is a noun here, but あじわう\ndefinitely is a verb. In the end, the connection of the two words isn’t\ntransparent to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T20:28:42.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52139",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-11T23:37:29.360",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-11T23:37:29.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "いろいろ考えてみると、ふだんは田舎の自然を楽しみ、時には町の楽しみも味わうという生活が理想的なのではないだろうか",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "It seems like you're having difficulty stitching the parts together.\n\nI'd translate the parts of the sentence as follows:\n\n> ふだんは田舎の自然を楽しむ \n> to usually get to enjoy the nature of the countryside\n>\n> 時には町の楽しみも味わう \n> to occasionally get to appreciate even the joys of [being in] a town\n>\n> ...という生活が理想的だ \n> A life [consisting] of ... is ideal.\n\nI'd take some liberty in translating the opening phrase\n\n> いろいろ考えてみると \n> If you think about it a bit....\n\nAnd for the closing portion of the sentence:\n\n> ...ではないだろうか \n> wouldn't it be ....\n\nIn this sentence, ふだんは and 時には contrast with one another. So, the speaker is\nsaying that **usually** they wish to enjoy the countryside but\n**occasionally** get to spend time in a town (or city).\n\nPutting it all together gives you:\n\n> If you think about it a bit, wouldn't it be the ideal life to generally\n> enjoy the nature of the countryside and occasionally get to taste even the\n> pleasures of city [life].\n\nOne point of possible confusion is how 楽しみ is being used. The first instance\nof 楽しみ is the continuative form of 楽しむ (to enjoy); the second instance is 楽しみ\nas a noun (joy, pleasure, delights).\n\nThe continuative form lets you know that this is just the first part of a\nmultiple part idea being expressed,\n\n> \"to enjoy _something_ and ... [another verb] ...\".\n\nIn this particular sentence,\n\n> \"to enjoy _something_ and taste _something else_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T21:05:19.340",
"id": "52140",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T01:21:21.397",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52139",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52139 | null | 52140 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52143",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I drafted a sentence practicing **causative form** :\n\n私はフレイザーに筆入れを **あげさせます** 。\n\ndesired meaning : I made Fraser give me the pencil case.\n\nBut when I put this sentence on a correction site someone corrected it to just\nあげます. I wanted it to be causative (I **made** Fraser do it) so I am unsure\nwhether the person who was correcting misinterpreted the sentence or if I was\nusing the form incorrectly.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T21:10:20.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52141",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T22:42:12.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25348",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"causation",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Incorrect use of あげさせます？",
"view_count": 83
} | [
{
"body": "あげる, as a verb, would never have 'me' as the indirect object.\n\nI think the verb you're seeking is 譲（ゆず）る \n（私は）フレイザーに筆入れを（自分に）譲らせた/譲らせました",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T22:32:33.123",
"id": "52143",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T22:42:12.420",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T22:42:12.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "25280",
"owner_user_id": "25280",
"parent_id": "52141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52141 | 52143 | 52143 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have seen the poem title 君死にたまふことなかれ spelled 君死にたもうこと勿れ. I'm assuming given\nthe poet's reputation, that まふ is some antiquated word analogous to the modern\nもう. What is it's use and meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T22:36:15.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52144",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T01:30:12.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7317",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"poetry",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "The difference between もう and まふ",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "You are encountering here the difference between modern spelling and the\nspelling used prior to WWII.\n\nまふ is the old spelling for もう\n\nYou can find other examples\n[here.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography)\n\nI cannot explain the meaning of the old Japanese. I am unable to decipher its\ngrammar. But in this situation, this is a case of differing orthography from\nan earlier period.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T22:41:24.543",
"id": "52146",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-09T23:48:11.403",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-09T23:48:11.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52144",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I would say this is a problem of both \"the old grammar/words\" and \"the old\northography\". A spelling reform (such as [the German orthography reform of\n1996](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_orthography_reform_of_1996)) and\narchaic word usage are two different things, although they are closely\nrelated. Technically speaking, you can rewrite today's news articles using the\nold orthography.\n\nたまふ in 君死にたまふことなかれ is an honorific auxiliary verb in archaic Japanese. Modern\nJapanese speakers don't usually use this word anymore regardless of its\nspelling. An equivalent in modern Japanese is ～なさる or お～になる. It's 給ふ in kanji\nusing the old orthography, たまふ in hiragana using the old orthography, and たもう\nin hiragana using the current orthography. Modern monolingual dictionaries\nlist this word as [たまう](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/138664/meaning/m0u/)\nand\n[たもう](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/139075/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%82%E3%81%86/)\neven though old people did not actually spell it like this. To be clear, the\nadverb もう meaning \"already\" is not relevant at all.\n\nIt's pronounced like タモー (\"ta-moh\") regardless of the spelling.\n\nSimilarly, [_mono no aware_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono_no_aware) is\nwritten as もののあはれ in the old kana orthography and もののあわれ in the modern kana\northography.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T00:27:05.013",
"id": "52148",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T01:30:12.517",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T01:30:12.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52144",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52144 | null | 52148 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52147",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is something that's confusing me. As far as I understand, kanjis were\nadopted by japaneses when they arrived to Japan in the form of official seals,\nletters, swords, coins, mirrors, etc. And because of this, they have a\njapanese pronunciation and one (or more?) chinese pronunciations. I also know\nthat there are 2136 \"joyo kanji\" which are from common usage and which are\napproved by the ministery of education of Japan. Yet, there are many more\nkanjis which are used and figures vary from 47,000 to over 100,000 (correct me\nin anything I'm wrong) . Does this mean, you can take any chinese han\ncharacter and use it as it belongs to the japanese writing system, or this is\nwrong and there are chinese han characters that you can say they don't belong\nto the japanese writing system?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T22:36:43.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52145",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T02:32:22.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "can any han character/kanji be used as part of the japanese writting system?",
"view_count": 493
} | [
{
"body": "This is a somewhat vague question. Anyway, the answer for this question is not\ntoo far from the answer for \"Can any German character be used as part of the\nEnglish writing system?\" Characters `ö` and `ß` are definitely not part of the\nEnglish writing system, but you can \"use\" them if you really need them in your\nessay written in English.\n\n**Can Chinese characters be displayed?** : Yes. After the introduction of\nUnicode, common characters used by modern Chinese people can usually be\ndisplayed on most PCs and smartphones available in Japan. You don't need to\nmanually install a special font.\n\n**Would they be understood by native Japanese speakers?** : Generally, no, but\npeople can often make a reasonable guess.\n\n**When is it okay to use Chinese characters in Japanese sentences?** :\nUnsurprisingly, when you are introducing Chinese words, especially person or\nplace names.\n\n**Does a character with the same Unicode always look identical in both\nlanguages?** : No, the standard design of one kanji/hanji may differ between\nthe two languages even if it shares the same character code. From [Introducing\nSource Han Sans: An open source Pan-CJK\ntypeface](https://blog.typekit.com/2014/07/15/introducing-source-han-sans/):\n\n> Well, the writing systems for each language, particularly their ideographs\n> that are based on historical Chinese forms, took different paths over time.\n> While some characters remained unchanged and common across the languages,\n> others morphed into regional variations. One can see these in the glyphs\n> represented below. While the variations may be subtle, especially to the\n> Western eye, they are very important to the users of each language.\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dwny7.png)\n\nThis means if you blindly copy characters from a Chinese site to a place where\nJapanese is assumed, like this site, you may end up with awkward characters to\nthe eyes of Chinese people. There is a way to [display non-Japanese\nglyphs](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/a/1502/5010) on this site.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-09T23:45:00.390",
"id": "52147",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T02:32:22.807",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52145",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52145 | 52147 | 52147 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why is \"konnichi wa\" in hiragana with は and not わ？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T01:01:32.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52149",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T18:34:38.213",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T18:34:38.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "25353",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"particle-は",
"phonology"
],
"title": "Why is \"konnichi wa\" written with は and not わ?",
"view_count": 4105
} | [
{
"body": "This is a matter of grammar and orthography. は is the transcription for the\nsound \"wa\" when used as a grammatical particle (namely, the topic marker). わ\nis used in virtually all other cases (I say virtually because older\northographic conventions don't as neatly follow this rule).\n\nIn saying, こんにちは, you have two parts こんにち which means \"this day\" and は which\nmarks こんにち as the topic.\n\nThere's another particle which is pronounced as \"wa\". It's the sentence ending\nparticle わ, but this is transcribed as expected.\n\nIncidentally, I'd saying writing the sound \"wa\" as は is not really a matter of\ntranslation but transcription or transliteration (though trans _literation_\nsounds a bit odd for referring to kana).\n\nIncidentally, you could write こんにちは using katakana. In that case, it would be\nwritten as コンニチハ.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T01:06:12.953",
"id": "52150",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T01:12:12.343",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T01:12:12.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52149",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "There are some lingering question marks in the initial post and in the other\nanswers regarding why は is read as `/wa/` in こんにちは.\n\nOther posters have already noted that this は is the topic particle -- which is\nalways read as `/wa/`.\n\nThe remaining question is, **why is this particle は read as`/wa/`?**\n\n### The short(ish) answer\n\nThe answer lies in history. According to historical linguists, all of the\nmodern \"H\" kana (and \"F\" kana), はひふへほ, started out as \"P\" kana, read as `/pa\npi pu pe po/`. Over time, this initial `/p/` sound\n[lenited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition) (i.e. softened) to become\nmore of an `/f/` sound in most places, and a `/w/` sound in some other places.\nStill more recently, the `/f/` sound lenited further to `/h/` at the beginning\nof a word, and in the middle of a word, it either became a `/w/` (for は) or\nvanished to leave just the vowel (for ひふへほ).\n\n_(Mid-word`/p/` sounds may be due to\n[gemination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination) (when a consonant sound\nis doubled), or to a preceding ん. Word-initial `/p/` sounds contrastive with\n`/f/` sounds appear to be a development in perhaps the 1300s-1400s, used for\nimitative words and borrowings.)_\n\n### The longer story\n\nFor the details, let's look backwards. We'll start with the Japanese of the\nearly [Edo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period), when the\nlanguage was in its [Early Modern\nstage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Modern_Japanese). There was a very\nimportant Japanese-Portuguese dictionary compiled in 1603, the [_Vocabulario\nda Lingoa de Iapam_ , a.k.a. 日葡辞書 ( _Nippo Jisho_\n)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippo_Jisho), which gives us a window into\nthe Japanese phonology (sounds) of the time. We find things like 日本 with a\nreading of _Nifon_ , or 春 with a reading of _faru_ , showing that many of the\nはひふへほ sounds of today were read instead with an `/f/` sound. But as a\nparticle, は was already `/wa/`.\n\nFurther back, even earlier during the stage called [Late Middle\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Middle_Japanese) (roughly the\n1100s through the 1500s), linguistic research suggests that many of the \"H\"\nkana within a word (not at the beginning) underwent a shift, probably going\nfrom the `/f/` we see at the beginnings of words in the early 1600s to an\neven-softer `/w/` sound. From there, many of these `/w/` sounds just\ndisappeared -- becoming just the vowel sounds -- except for the は, which\nbecame `/wa/`. This is possibly because of the biomechanics of Japanese\npronunciation (the shapes the mouth makes), perhaps making sound combinations\nlike `/wi/`, `/wu/`, `/we/`, and `/wo/` difficult, combined with a lack of any\nstrong need to distinguish these `/w/` sounds from the plain vowels.\n\n_(Indeed,`/wu/` doesn't seem to have ever existed as a meaningful sound\ncontrast to just plain `/u/`, and `/wo/` is only very rarely encountered for を\nwhen people are deliberately overpronouncing. Meanwhile, `/we/` apparently\nbecame just `/e/` and `/wi/` became `/i/` some time in the 1200s.)_\n\nWe see remnants of this sound shift in modern speech. For instance, the\neveryday verb 言う【いう】 \"to say\" has that `/w/` sound that seems to appear out of\nnowhere in the negative conjugation _i **w** anai_. Historically, いう was\nformerly spelled in kana as いふ, which you can still see in many Japanese-\nJapanese dictionaries. This is the old kana spelling from before the spelling\nreforms of the early and mid-1900s, more formally known as [historical kana\northography\n(spelling)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography), or\n[歴史的【れきしてき】仮名【かな】遣【づか】い](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%81%A3)\nin Japanese. Starting from いふ, we find that the conjugated stems would be:\n\n * いふ - plain form\n * いは - incomplete stem, most often seen in the negative\n * いひ - continuative stem, often seen followed by ます\n * いへ - conditional and imperative\n\nBut in modern Japanese, the conjugated stems are:\n\n * いう - plain form - the \"F\" disappeared\n * いわ - incomplete stem - the は became わ\n * いい - continuative stem - the \"H\" disappeared\n * いえ - conditional and imperative - the \"H\" disappeared\n * いおう - volitional \n\n_(Side note: the modern volitional ending`/oː/` (long **ō** ) came from the\nincomplete stem plus う, and the `/au/` sound (like English \"ow!\") evolved into\n`/ɔː/` (like English \"awwww\") and then to `/oː/`. For volitionals where the\nending `/oː/` would start with a `/w/`, like for いふ, the `/w/` disappeared\njust as it mostly has for modern を.)_\n\n### The result: our modern Japanese particles with funny readings\n\nParticles are treated phonologically as suffixes to some extent, so this\npattern of historical mid-word \"H\" kana being read with a `/w/` sound for は\nalso effectively applies to the particle は. Similarly, the \"H\" kana read as\njust the vowel sound also applies to the particle へ, and that same\nvanishing-\"W\" process that results in the `/e/` reading for へ also applies to\nthe particle を. The spelling reforms of the 1900s adjusted official kana\nspellings to match the expected pronunciations in almost all cases -- but the\nparticles were apparently deemed special, and the older spellings were\nmaintained, even though they don't quite match the expected pronunciations:\nleaving us with modern は (`/wa/`), へ (`/e/`), and を (`/o/`).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T18:31:32.710",
"id": "52189",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T18:31:32.710",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "52149",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 52149 | null | 52189 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52164",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to translate the following sentence:\n\n> なんでも｢微妙｣｢｣のですませてる人がいますが、その意味がわかりません\n\nMy attempt is:\n\nThere are people who get by with the word 'bimyou' in any kind of situation,\nbut I don't understand the meaning of this word.\n\nMy problem is specifically with のですませてる人. It seems like, 'people who get by\nwith...' Is this correct? To make matters worse it is preceded by two sets of\nquotation marks, which makes it all the more confusing.\n\nAlso, a clarification of なんでも would be appreciated. I read it as 'in any\nsituation' but am not confident with this rendering.\n\nThanks.\n\nEdit: I have realised, on further reflection, the sentence might be a\nmistranscription due to an ICR error, as suggested by naruto in the comments\nbelow. I copy-pasted the sentence in question from a Word file. Accordingly,\nthe sentence should be:\n\n> なんでも｢微妙｣ですませてる人がいますが、その意味がわかりません\n\nWith the errors omitted.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T02:23:42.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52152",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T09:43:23.503",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T04:57:19.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "21868",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "のですませてる人 meaning",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "> なんでも｢微妙｣ですませてる人がいますが、その意味がわかりません。\n>\n> There are people who get by with the word 'bimyou' in any kind of situation,\n> but I don't understand the meaning of this word.\n\nI think your attempt for the first half of the sentence is okay. See other\nexamples of ～で済ませる\n[here](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%A7%E6%B8%88%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B&ref=sa)\nand\n[here](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%A7%E6%B8%88%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B%22).\n\nFor the last half, this その意味が分かりません is probably more like \"Such a way of using\n微妙 makes no sense to me\" or \"I don't agree with that.\" 意味がわからない or 意味わかんない\noften just means \"That's absurd!\"\n\n(For those interested in why 微妙 is a disputed word, see [Why does 微妙 become\n\"sucky\" in slang usage?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3346/5010) I\npersonally know some people who say 微妙 habitually.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T06:13:21.707",
"id": "52164",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T06:13:21.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52152",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "**なんでも｢微妙｣ですませてる人がいますが、その意味がわかりません。**\n\n**_There are people who always answer \"it is bimyo (I/we can't decide yes or\nno, or I/we can't give a clear answer to it because the matter is very\ndelicate/controversial)\" to every question, but I cannot agree with their\nattitude._**\n\n**_There are extraordinary indecisive people in Japan, always answering \"it's\nbimyo\", but I don't know/understand their attitude._**\n\nI think this is an interpretation of what the original Japanese meant.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T06:31:49.720",
"id": "52165",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T09:43:23.503",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T09:43:23.503",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52152",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52152 | 52164 | 52164 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52156",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "曖昧{あいまい} is a shared term between Japanese and Chinese.\n\nAs far as I know, they can both mean vague, ambiguous, obscure, or something\nthat cannot be published into light.\n\nBut there's another meaning I haven't often seen in Japanese, but in Chinese:\n\n> A special association, friendship or status between boy and girl. They may\n> feel more than or not only friends but not so sure about it.\n\nTo be more specific, in Chinese, 曖昧(的關係) the words inside brackets can be\ncompletely ignored and has this meaning.\n\nBut for Japanese, does Japanese have this meaning without brackets\n曖昧{あいまい}(な関係{かんけい}) ? In daily use, will Japanese native speakers think of or\nassociate to this meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T02:30:27.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52153",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T07:07:02.723",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T04:25:02.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "10698",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"usage",
"chinese"
],
"title": "meanings of 曖昧{あいまい} between Japanese and Chinese",
"view_count": 1022
} | [
{
"body": "No, 曖昧 on its own does not mean 曖昧な関係 in Japanese. The following article\nwritten in Japanese explains 曖昧 has broader meanings in Chinese.\n\n> ### [【中国語】曖昧 àimèi](http://sanmu1225.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-91.html)\n>\n> この中国語の「曖昧」は、日本語より意味が広くて、日本語と同じ意味のほかに、まず「怪しい、胡散臭い、疑わしい」という意味があります。\n>\n> 最近は特に「友達以上、恋人未満」的な男女関係を表す語としてよく使われています。上の楊丞琳の曲名も、この意味の「曖昧」です。\n>\n>\n> 例えば、傍からみていると、二人の言動は恋人同士のように見えるけど、実のところはそうではない関係。或いは、一方は恋人だと思っていたのに、実は相手はそうは思ってない関係が「曖昧」です。しかし、どちらも単なる友達よりも親密な関係であるのがポイントです。肉体関係があるかもしれません。めっちゃ複雑ですが。よく「{{zh-\n> CN:玩暧昧}}」や「{{zh-CN:搞暧昧}}」という形で、こんな関係になることを表します。\n>\n\n>> {{zh-CN:两人渐渐产生了暧昧的感情。}} \n> 二人はしだいに友達以上の感情をもつようになった。\n>>\n\n>> {{zh-CN:天秤座的女人爱玩暧昧。}} \n> 天秤座の女性は、「友達以上恋人未満」が好きだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T03:29:42.807",
"id": "52156",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T03:29:42.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52153",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "[曖昧]{あいまい} in Japanese means, as you said, being vague, ambiguous, unclear,\netc. In Japanese, the word does _not_ have the meaning of \"improper relations\nbetween two people\".\n\nIn Chinese, on the other hand, while the word 暧昧 also has the meaning of being\nunclear, more often it is used for the meaning of shady relationship between\ntwo people. In most cases the word has a negative spin on it, as it also has a\nbit of \"being flirty\" in it as well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T07:07:02.723",
"id": "52168",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T07:07:02.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25361",
"parent_id": "52153",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52153 | 52156 | 52156 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52162",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm trying to send a report to my superior, and want to say \"please let me\nknow if you have any questions\" about this report. The only form that I can\nthink of is \"何か質問があれば言ってください\". But I am sure it is very casual. So what is the\nbest formal way to say so?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T02:57:15.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52154",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T06:02:09.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25354",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"formality"
],
"title": "\"Please let me know if you have any questions\" in japanese",
"view_count": 11823
} | [
{
"body": "I think instead of using いってくだい I think 知らせてください would be more natural.\nOtherwise,\n\n> 何か質問があれば知らせてください。\n\nis good.\n\n知らせる means \"to let someone know\". Yet, my language skills are a bit weak when\nit comes to using appropriate keigo and such to a superior.\n\n> 何か質問があればお知らせになってください。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T03:00:07.780",
"id": "52155",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T03:21:46.317",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T03:21:46.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52154",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "My ordinary template is:\n\n> ご不明な点が(a)ありましたら(b)ご連絡ください(c)。\n\n * For the (a) part:\n\n> ご質問が \n> （何か）わからない（点／ところ）が \n> お気づきの点が (~ \"if there is something\")\n\nwill also do, but I prefer my choice above being terse and wide coverage. Note\nthat 質問 means \"question-asking\" and doesn't primarily stand for questions in\nyour mind.\n\n * (b):\n\nあれば is also grammatically sound but a bit less formal. You could use ございましたら\nfor your client, but I don't feel it's needed for your in-company superior\n(unless you're in a big company and sending to executives).\n\n * (c):\n\n> お知らせください\n\nwill also work. 言ってください is not business-like as you said. If you want more\neuphemism saying \"I'd appreciate --\", replace ください with いただけ（ると／れば）幸いです.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T04:50:45.170",
"id": "52160",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T04:50:45.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "52154",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Thanks guys for your replies. I ended up asking my superior how to say it\nformally and properly. He recommended the following:\n\n\"疑問点、コメント等がありましたら、ご教示いただければ幸いです\".\n\nThanks again for your help",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T06:02:09.243",
"id": "52162",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T06:02:09.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25354",
"parent_id": "52154",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52154 | 52162 | 52160 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52167",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The following is an example sentence from \"Tanaka Corpus\" used in many free\ndictionaries (for example [down\nbelow](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%85%E8%80%85)).\n\n> 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担させるようそそのかしていた。 \n> He was egging an innocent young man on to join him in his crooked deal.\n\nそそのかす is \"to tempt\"\n\n加担する is generally defined as \"participation\" and I assume it should be the\n\"young man\" who participates.\n\nWhy then is causative form 加担させる used in this example along with よう?\n\nIs it a mistake, or do any of these expression have a different meaning?\n\nWould 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担するようそそのかしていた。 be incorrect?\n\n* * *\n\nAlternatively maybe it's 悪事に加担させる which takes direct object 若者を, is it really\nsomething that one can tempt someone else to? A tempts the young man B to let\nhimA involve himB\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T04:41:21.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52159",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T14:31:40.737",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T11:30:44.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"causation"
],
"title": "Is causative form appropriate in the following usage (悪事に加担させるようそそのかす)?",
"view_count": 319
} | [
{
"body": "若者 is the object of そそのかす. The basic sentence is\n\n> 彼は若者をそそのかしていた。 \n> He tempted the young man.\n\nThere are several examples in my dictionary of using そそのかす and for the one\nbeing tempted, the action they will take is always expressed using the\ncausative. I think there is a bit of logic to this. 彼 is getting 若者 to do\nsomething. Being _tempted_ is a bit like having someone _compel (force)_ you\nto do something. In such a situation, Japanese will use the causative. Hence\n\n> 悪事に加担する\n\nwould not be correct. Rather it should be\n\n> 悪事に加担させる\n\nI think another way to think about this is there are two things happening: (1)\nbeing successfully tempted and (2) thus being made to do something. So another\nway to write this sentence, that can perhaps make sense of this point of\ngrammar is,\n\n> 罪のない若者は、彼がそそのかして悪事に加担させた。\n\nFinally, usually when using verb of commanding or compelling the action that\nis being compelled is usually followed not by a bare よう but by ように. So, if\nthere is an error, it's in the omission of this に. But, maybe a native speaker\nshould chime in on this particular point or grammar.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T05:01:58.953",
"id": "52161",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T05:12:49.097",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T05:12:49.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52159",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担させるようそそのかしていた。 \n> He was egging an innocent young man on to join him in his crooked deal.\n\n結論から言いますと、日本語の間違いです。 「彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担 **する** ようそそのかしていた。」が正しい日本語です。 \nLet me get straight to the point, the given sentence in Japanese is incorrect.\nIt should have been written as: 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担 **する** ようそそのかしていた.\n\n間違いである理由を説明します。 ＯＰが引用した英訳の後半にhimとhisがありますが、これが誰を指すか不明確なので以下のようにします。\n\n 1. A was egging B on to join B in A's crooked deal.\n 2. A was egging B on to join A in B's crooked deal.\n\n引用文に、「罪のない若者 an innocent young man」と「悪事 crooked deal」がありますが、論理的に 2\nではないことが分かります。 \n従って、登場人物がAとBだけなら、1 が正解となります。 \nその場合は、日本語は私が上で示したように、「加担 **させる** ようそそのかしていた」は「加担 **する** ようそそのかしていた」とするべきです。\n\n論理的に考えれば間違いと分かりますが、このように少し込み入った内容の文では、日本人でもこの文を読んで間違いと気づかず、かつ私が示した「正しい日本語」のように解釈することは普通におきます。丁寧に日本語を解釈しているＯＰだからこそ変だと感じたのだと思います。\n\nなお、最初に示された「間違いの日本語」とされた文を正しいと解釈する方法はあります。\nそれは、登場人物を２人ではなく３人にする案です。英語で示すと次のようになります。\n\n 3. A was egging B on to join C in A's crooked deal.\n 4. A was egging C on to join B in A's crooked deal.\n\nこの英文に対応する日本語は少し修正して次のようになります。 \n「３．彼は罪のない若者をそそのかして **若者の友達を** （彼の）悪事に加担させるようしていた。」 \n「４．彼は **誰かを** そそのかして、罪のない若者を（彼の）悪事に加担させるようしていた。」\n\n* * *\n\n## EDIT\n\n登場人物を２人ではなく３人にする案を書いて気づきましたが、登場人物が２人のままでも、日本語を次のように変更すれば意味を成します。\n\n（正）５.「彼は罪のない若者をそそのかして（彼の）悪事に加担させるようしていた。」\n\n（誤）６.「彼は罪のない若者を（彼の）悪事に加担させるようそそのかしていた。」\n\n５と６とは似ていますが、５は正しく、６は間違いです。 確かに６を読んで５だと思い、間違いないと日本人でも判断しそうです。\n\n* * *\n\n# EDTI 2\n\n正しい日本語を知っていただくために説明します。 \nこの説明で前の私の説明と矛盾{むじゅん}があれば、この説明の方が正しいとご理解ください。\n\n１が与えられた日本語の文章です。１から少しずつ文言｛もんごん｝を変更して６まで来ました。 \n１と６とでは、文言は違っても文法的には同じです。 \n**６の文章は一見｛いっけん｝日本語として問題ないようですが、実は間違っています** 。言い換えますと、１も同じように間違っています。 \n６を正しい日本語に修正すると、７、８あるは９になります。 \n７と８は少し違いますが、日本語としては両方とも正しいです。 \n９は第三者である「彼女のご主人」が登場｛とうじょう｝しますが、文法的には１の文法[構造]{こうぞう}がそのまま使われております。 \n１０－１２は７－９とそれぞれ同じ文法構造を持っていますが、元の１と同じ文言を使っております。\n\n結論として、１は間違いですが、１０、１１、１２のようにすれば正しい文章になります。\n\n 1. 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担させるようそそのかしていた。\n\n 2. 彼は ~~罪のない~~ 若者を悪事に加担させるようそそのかしていた。\n\n 3. 彼は若者を「会に」参加させるようそそのかしていた。\n\n 4. 彼は若者を会に参加させるよう「説得していた」。\n\n 5. 彼は「彼女を」会に参加させるよう説得していた。\n\n 6. 彼は彼女を「同窓会に」参加させるよう説得していた。\n\n> 7. 彼は彼女を同窓会に参加「するよう」説得していた。\n>\n> 8. 彼は彼女「に」同窓会に参加「するよう」説得していた。\n>\n> 9. 彼は彼女を同窓会に参加させるよう「彼女のご主人を」説得していた。\n>\n>\n\n 10. 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担「するよう」そそのかしていた。\n\n 11. 彼は罪のない若者「に」悪事に加担「するよう」そそのかしていた。\n\n 12. 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担させるよう「Ｃさんを」そそのかしていた。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T06:05:18.980",
"id": "52163",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T14:31:40.737",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52159",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> * 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担させるよう(に)そそのかしていた。\n> * 彼は罪のない若者を悪事に加担するよう(に)そそのかしていた。\n>\n\nI think these two sentences are equally natural, and are semantically the\nsame.\n\nMany verbs such as たくらむ, 計画する, 準備する do not have causative meanings. In such\ncases, you always need the saseru-form to express the intended meaning.\n\n * ○ 彼は罪のない若者 **を** 悪事に加担させるよう計画していた。\n * × 彼は罪のない若者 **を** 悪事に加担するよう計画していた。\n\nFor some \"intrinsically causative\" verbs, such as お願いする, 依頼する, 命令する, 命ずる, you\nshould not use the saseru-form. These verbs are used in the form of\n`～に～するよう～する`. Combining these verbs and the saseru-form will result in awkward\nsentences (except in the case you really need a double-causative construction,\ne.g., \"to order him to make her do something\")\n\n * × 彼は罪のない若者 **に** 悪事に加担させるよう命じていた。\n * ○ 彼は罪のない若者 **に** 悪事に加担するよう命じていた。\n\nA few verbs like そそのかす, 誘導する, 促す, 誘惑する, 仕向ける and 吹き込む are tricky ones, I would\nsay. These verbs resemble causative verbs above, but they do not express\ndirect causation. The nuance of these verbs are something indirect, like \"to\ninduce someone to do something _voluntarily_ (by informing, giving an advice,\ngiving an opportunity, etc)\" In this case, I feel you can safely use the\nsaseru-form, and it does not change the meaning of the sentence.\n\n * ○ 彼は罪のない若者{ **に/を** }悪事に加担させるよう促していた。\n * ○ 彼は罪のない若者{ **が/を** }悪事に加担するよう促していた。\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n * 株を買うよう誘導する記事 ≒ \n株を買わせるよう誘導する記事\n\n * 秘密を漏洩するようそそのかす行為 ≒ \n秘密を漏洩させるようそそのかす行為\n([この公的文書](http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/economy/chizai/chiteki/pdf/08asia/01houseido.pdf)にあった例)\n\n * 彼の方からごめんなさいと言うよう仕向ける ≒ \n彼の方からごめんなさいと言わせるよう仕向ける\n\n * [Examples of 仕向ける](http://yourei.jp/%E4%BB%95%E5%90%91%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B) on yourei.jp",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T06:52:53.543",
"id": "52167",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T09:38:47.170",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T09:38:47.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52159",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52159 | 52167 | 52167 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I know ~になります means \"something becomes ~\" but when combined with a\nNoun it seems strange to me.\n\nA common example: ご利用になりますか\n\nWhich is suppsoed to mean \"Would you like to use it / make use of it\" while\nthe literal translation would be something like \"does it become a usage\".\n\nMy question is, why is ~になります used here and not some other potential form?\nAlso, how does なる and する interchange? For example, what is the difference of\n利用になる and 利用する?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T06:51:23.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52166",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T07:19:45.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25103",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"keigo",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Use of: Noun + になります",
"view_count": 851
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, なります is not used in the usual sense of \"to become\", but as a\nmarker of politeness. To be precise, it is 尊敬語{そんけいご}, respectful language. It\nis typically used by combining: お or ご, followed by a noun, and end it by\nになります.\n\nA correct example that supposes evolution:\n\n> 自動車免許を取得して、15年になります。\n\nTypically, it would be replaced by です or だ in more colloquial language.\n\nThis usage seems to confuse even native Japanese speakers, as I found a number\nof articles (e.g. [1](https://nanapi.com/ja/107833),\n[2](https://careerpark.jp/54937)) that exhibit bad usages. ご利用になります seems\nquite common, given that it is present in all types of customer interactions:\n\n> お砂糖とミルクはご利用になりますか？\n\nAs well as the potential form なれます to indicate the possibility, similarly to\n出来｛でき｝ます\n\n> Wi-Fiが無料でご利用になれます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T07:19:45.743",
"id": "52169",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T07:19:45.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3614",
"parent_id": "52166",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 52166 | null | 52169 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What does the letter w stand for generally in young people's writings, like in\n:\n\n* * *\n\n帰宅途中に突然変なノリが始まったww\n\n* * *\n\nor in :\n\n* * *\n\nそれが好きってww\n\n* * *\n\nI found them on Youtube",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T08:53:05.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52171",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T08:56:57.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does w stands for in young people's writings?",
"view_count": 158
} | []
| 52171 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52176",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have trouble understanding the 寄らば from:\n\n> 寄{よ}らば大樹{たいじゅ}の陰{かげ}.\n\nI know it comes from 寄る (to approach/to come near). But how does it becomes\n寄らば and what meaning it implies?\n\nThe ば should be the same as 寄れば. But I have no idea about the ら...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T10:33:54.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52173",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-17T09:24:40.060",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-17T09:24:40.060",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese",
"proverbs"
],
"title": "寄らば from 寄らば大樹の陰",
"view_count": 245
} | [
{
"body": "寄らば ＝もし寄るならば ＝もし寄るとするならば\n\n寄ら=「寄る」というラ行四段活用の古文動詞(文語動詞）の未然形\n\n寄れ＝「寄る」というラ行五段活用の（口語）動詞の仮定形\n\nば＝文語動詞の未然形、または口語動詞の仮定形につく接続助詞 （a conjunction)\n\nTherefore, 寄らば大樹の陰 and 寄れば大樹の陰 are both correct grammatically. However, the\nformer is the set phrase because it's an old proverb. :)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T10:45:43.893",
"id": "52174",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T11:16:19.373",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T11:16:19.373",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52173",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "寄らば is the _classical_ (文語) or _archaic_ (古語) conditional-form of 寄る. In\nmodern standard Japanese, it's 寄れば.\n\nIn modern Japanese, the conditional-form (aka ba-form) of a verb ends with\n\"-eba\", as you already know. In archaic Japanese, however, some verbs (namely\n四段動詞) took this \"-aba\" form. (And \"-eba\" was used for different purposes\nsimilar to \"because\" or \"even though\".) Actually this \"-a + ba\" is the [未然形\n(\"irrealis form\") of a\nverb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Japanese_language#Conjugation_table)\nfollowed by the conjunctive particle ば. But it's not worth memorizing this\ntable unless you're studying classic Japanese literature.\n\nYou can see this archaic form today in proverbs like this one and fixed\nphrases such as\n[隙あらば](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E9%9A%99%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%B0%E3%81%A8)\n(隙があれば, \"if there is any chance\") and\n[死なばもろとも](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%AD%BB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%B0%E3%82%82%E3%82%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T11:02:23.580",
"id": "52176",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T11:12:13.437",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T11:12:13.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52173",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52173 | 52176 | 52176 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52177",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "借りてきた猫 was translated as a borrowed cat. In that case, why 借りてきた is used\ninstead of just 借りた猫? What additional meaning does it want to imply?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T10:47:44.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52175",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T11:06:25.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"proverbs"
],
"title": "About 借りてきた猫 proverb",
"view_count": 184
} | [
{
"body": "Good question! I had to think of the reason for a while.\n\nI think きた of 借りてきた猫 emphasizes the fact that the cat has come \"here\" which is\ndifferent from where it used to belong. The cat is now quite a stranger\n\"here.\" It doesn't know what to do, and has to keep quiet and still.\n\n借りた猫＝a borrowed cat\n\n借りて **来た** 猫＝a borrowed and **_coming_ to a new place** cat",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T11:06:25.730",
"id": "52177",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T11:06:25.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52175",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 52175 | 52177 | 52177 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52180",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "I am learning how to write kanji using the obenkyo app. I am trying to\nremember the strokes of each kanji and how to read them (onyomi & kunyomi).\n\nBut do I really need to remember the onyomi & kunyomi for each of them? I mean\nthere are at least 4-5 different ways to read each of the kanji, and I don't\nthink I can remember the strokes, onyomi, and kunyomi all at the same time.\nThat's too much for me.\n\nHow important is it to know onyomi and kunyomi readings? How is it useful?\n\nSuppose we came across a word with new kanji somewhere, is there a way to know\nhow to read it?\n\nI mean it's confusing and the readings always change.\n\nFor example 人 can be read jin, ri, hito, etc.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T13:55:24.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52178",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-19T14:45:18.850",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T23:03:45.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"multiple-readings",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "Do we really need to remember the kunyomi and onyomi reading of each kanji?",
"view_count": 27171
} | [
{
"body": "I believe the _best_ way to remember kanji **is by seeing how they are used in\nwords** because this is how you will have to read them.\n\nI use [Wanikani by Tofugu](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/onyomi-kunyomi-\nkanji/) myself, and have found that the readings, although useful, can get you\nconfused sometimes especially if you try to remember how readings work (onyomi\nwith onyomi, kunyomi with kunyomi, and even exceptions).\n\n> \"In general, you'll use _on'yomi_ when a word is made up of a multi- _kanji_\n> compound (this is called _jukugo_ ).\n>\n> You'll use _kun_ readings when a _kanji_ has _hiragana_ attached to it\n> (though this isn't always the case), or when a kanji's sitting out there on\n> its own.\n>\n> Really though, prior knowledge of the _kanji_ and how it is used is\n> necessary, which unfortunately means you actually have to practice since\n> there are no really solid rules you can use to shortcut your way out of\n> figuring out how to use what pronunciation and where.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T14:04:20.373",
"id": "52179",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T02:39:46.530",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Studying Kanji can easily become one of the most overwhelming challenges of\nstudying Japanese. Even people who speak the language decently have difficulty\nreading and writing Kanji.\n\nAs you have no doubt discovered, learning a single 漢字｛かんじ｝ can be a challenge.\nUnfortunately, you should do your best to learn everything about the character\nyou can.\n\nWhile you've only touched on it, stroke order IS important, but the more you\npractice the easier it gets. You'll start to develop a natural feel for it\nover time.\n\n> But do I really need remember onyomi & kunyomi for each of them?\n\nYes, you do. I'm sorry to say it, but your example of 人 is a classic example\nof why you should learn all the readings.\n\n**人：** \nKun'yomi：ひと、-り、-と \nOn'yomi：じん、にん\n\nBelow are some common words that use 人.\n\n> あの人｛ひと｝(that person) \n> 一人｛ひとり｝(one person) \n> 二人｛ふたり｝(two people) \n> 仲人 【なこうど】(matchmaker -- less common, but uses the -と reading) \n> 日本人｛にほんじん｝(Japanese people) \n> 本人｛ほんにん｝(the person himself)\n\nThe best way to learn the readings of a kanji is to see common usages of it.\nLook up all the words you can that use the character, and learn how it would\nbe read in different situations. Of course, practice, practice, practice. It\nwill take a lot of effort on your part.\n\nIf you see the character on its own (hiragana on both sides), you've likely\ngot a kunyomi. This isn't guaranteed, but it is the case more often than not.\n\nIf you see the character with other kanji, it's likely an onyomi. This too\nisn't guaranteed, but it is also the case more often than not.\n\nThe fact of the matter is, you have to expose yourself to Japanese writing a\nlot before you start to develop an intuitive feel for how things _could_ be\nread. Honestly, I still misread some characters when I go off of intuition,\nbut as I keep saying, practice makes perfect.\n\n> How important is is to know the onyomi and kunyomi readings? How is it\n> useful?\n\nJapanese people use both onyomi and kunyomi readings all the time. It's useful\nto know both of them because otherwise you will never be able to read the\nlanguage fluently.\n\n> Suppose we came across a word with new kanji somewhere, is there a way to\n> know how to read it?\n\nThe only way you will know how to read the characters is if you have had prior\nexperience with it. This will require a lot of practice and a lot of patience.\nPractice makes perfect here, and you will need a lot of practice.\n\nTake comfort in knowing that kanji is hard for Japanese natives and foreigners\nalike. I have known several Japanese people who struggled with reading kanji.\nThey could read the common, basic characters, but a lot of the time they\nneeded help from someone who had a better knowledge of the characters. I have\neven been in reading groups where educated people have needed help reading\ncharacters, simply because it was outside their area of expertise. It would be\nthe same thing if I started talking about `electrical induction` to a doctor.\nSure, it's English, but they haven't studied it before, and likely won't fully\nunderstand what the term `electrical induction` means.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T14:09:06.263",
"id": "52180",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-19T14:45:18.850",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-19T14:45:18.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "52178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "Adding to what others said, in my opinion you shouldn't think of it as\nmemorizing all the readings for every kanji, abstractly. You should think of\nit as learning Japanese _words_ (which you have to know anyway), and then\nlearning how to write them as kanji. Words come first, kanji come later. The\nwords would exist even if the kanji didn't. Consider that Japanese people\nlearn the Japanese language _before_ learning to write (just like peoples of\nall languages learn to speak before learning to write).\n\nFor example, _hitori_ , _futari_ , _sannin_ , _hito_ , _hitobito_ , _nihonjin_\nand _amerikajin_ are some Japanese words. If you want to know Japanese, you\nhave to know these words and what they mean (just like learning any other\nlanguage). This is the basic level. Then, _in addition_ , you also have to\nknow how to write them: 一人、二人、三人、 人、人々、日本人、アメリカ人. You will then naturally\nabsorb, by osmosis, the convention that certain words ( _hito_ ) and word-\npieces ( _-ri_ , _-jin_ , _-nin_ ) are written with the same character, 人.\n(The words and word-pieces written with the same character often share a rough\ngeneral \"meaning\", but not always.)\n\nSo it's not really a matter of drilling \"on and kun readings\" as one would\ndrill country capitals. Things like _-nin_ and _hito_ aren't just \"kanji\nreadings\"; they're words and word-pieces (morphemes) that occur in the\nJapanese language. You have to know what they mean if you want to speak\nJapanese; and, additionally, you have to know how they're written if you want\nto read Japanese.\n\nSource: Nara and Noda, _Acts of Reading: Exploring Connections in Pedagogy of\nJapanese_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T19:53:52.667",
"id": "52214",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T19:53:52.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "52178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 18
},
{
"body": "Personally, I don't think you need to learn the kun'yomi and on'yomi. Why?\nWell, you will naturally learn them when you progress with your studies.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-04T15:41:25.970",
"id": "56401",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-04T15:41:25.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27585",
"parent_id": "52178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "From what I understand, and when it comea to mulptiplwe kanji, I think what a\nlot of folks are worried about are prefixes and suffixes, and knoqing what\norder they are supposed to be in. Then, afterwards would be the accepted\nreadings.\n\nBasically, it is more of a gut instinct language, based on what is socially\npracticed based on prefecture (going by each region in Japan, that is).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-23T15:55:18.787",
"id": "77539",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T15:55:18.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39104",
"parent_id": "52178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
}
]
| 52178 | 52180 | 52214 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52247",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The full sentence comes from the story of\n[力太郎](http://life.ou.edu/stories/chikaratarou.html).\n\nHere it is:\n\n> 「ばあさん や。この あか で にんぎょう を つくって みんべえ。」\n\nI understand all the words except みんべえ, which I couldn't find in my\ndictionary.\n\nIs this an old phrase?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T14:53:01.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52181",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T15:44:31.617",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T18:27:24.147",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"dialects",
"auxiliaries",
"modality",
"role-language"
],
"title": "meaning of みんべえ",
"view_count": 457
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's old or a different dialect for みよう。\n\nI will explain my reasoning as follows.\n\nAs said by @l'électeur, let's break みんべえ up into みん and べい instead.\n\nみん will break up into みる and ん.\n\n> みる (in this case, helps indicate to \"try making\")\n>\n> +\n>\n> ん (ねえ, which makes this 「見ん（見む ）」 in Tohoku dialect according to @Chocolate)\n>\n> +\n>\n> べい（[which can indicate invitation)](http://jisho.org/search/bei) = みんべい\n\nIn Tohoku dialect, 「みんべい」 is the contracted form of 「見る + べ」, meaning「みよう」。\n\n> ばあさんや。この あか で にんぎょう を つくって **みよう** 。\n>\n> ”Old woman. **Let's try and make** a doll from this dirt.\"\n\n[Story](http://life.ou.edu/stories/chikaratarou.html)",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T15:05:12.103",
"id": "52183",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T15:44:31.617",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T15:44:31.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52181",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "みんべえ is a collapsed pronunciation of みるべえ or みるべ. \nる in verbs often contracts to ん in colloquial speech when followed by some\nwords, eg:\n\n> [何]{なに}[見]{み}て **る** のよ！ → [何]{なに}[見]{み}て **ん** のよ！ \n> バカなことす **る** なよ。 → バカなことす **ん** なよ。\n\nみる here is a subsidiary verb (補助動詞) and means \"try doing~~\".\n\nThe べえ is a prolonged べ. べ is a sentence-final particle (終助詞) mainly used in\nTohoku dialect, meaning ～(だ)ろう, ～(で)しょう, ～(し)よう, ～(し)ましょう. Here it's used as\nold man's speech (老人語), a kind of role language (役割語) in fiction.\n\nExamples of the use of べ:\n\n> いく **べ** 。 ≂ 行こう。 / 行きましょう。 \n> んだ **べ** 。 ≂ そうだろう。 / そうでしょう。 \n> どうすん **べ** 。/ どうすっ **べ** 。 （< どうす **る** べ）≂ どうしよう？ / どうしましょう。\n\nSo the phrase in your example can be rephrased:\n\n> 「つくってみんべえ。」 ≂ 「つくってみよう。 / つくってみましょう。」 \n> \"Let's try making~\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T03:31:57.030",
"id": "52247",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T05:23:14.293",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T05:23:14.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "52181",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 52181 | 52247 | 52247 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The 一 (one) kanji has two onyomi pronunciations: ICHI and ITSU. When do you\nuse them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T15:04:18.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52182",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T17:24:53.600",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T17:06:05.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "25368",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "一 (one) kanji onyomi pronunciations",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "I'll give you some examples.\n\n**ICHI**\n\n> 一月 【いちがつ】\n\nMeaning: January\n\nExample:\n\n彼【かれ】の知事【ちじ】としての任期【にんき】は来年【らいねん】の一月【いちがつ】に切れる【きれる】。\n\nHis term of office as governor expires next January.\n\n> 十一 【じゅういち】\n\nMeaning: Eleven\n\nExample:\n\nジェーンは十一歳【じゅういっさい】の時【とき】からずっと映画【えいが】に出演【しゅつえん】している。(See @psosuna's note on this\nreading)\n\nJane has been acting in movies since she was eleven.\n\n> 一億 【いちおく】\n\nMeaning: One hundred million\n\nExample:\n\nおまえはどうして、百匹【ひゃくひき】のねこ、千匹【せんひき】のねこ、百万匹\n【ひゃくまんひき】、一億【いちおく】、一兆匹【いっちょうひき】のねこといっしょに、食べられて【たべられて】しまわなかったのだね。\n\nHow does it happen that you were not eaten up with all those hundreds and\ntrillions of cats?\n\n> 一連 【いちれん】\n\nMeaning: series; chain; sequence\n\nExample:\n\n彼ら【かれら】は一連【いちれん】の音楽会【おんがくかい】を開催【かいさい】した。\n\nThey gave a series of concerts.\n\n> 一位 【いちい】\n\nMeaning: first place; first rank; unit's position\n\nExample:\n\nみんなが驚いた【おどろいた】ことに、マイクはスピーチコンテストで一位【いちい】を取った【とった】。\n\nTo everyone's astonishment, Mike won first prize in the speech contest.\n\n* * *\n\n**ITSU**\n\n> 統一 【とういつ】\n\nMeaning: unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible\n\nExample:\n\n建築【けんちく】のシンメトリーで、エメットは美的【びてき】統一【とういつ】性【せい】をもった幾何【きか】学【がく】的【てき】な対称【たいしょう】性【せい】を意味【いみ】している。\n\nBy architectural symmetry, Emmet means geometric symmetry combined with\naesthetic uniformity.\n\n> 不統一 【ふとういつ】\n\nMeaning: disunity; disharmony\n\nExample:\n\n委員会【いいんかい】は意見【いけん】が不統一【ふとういつ】である.\n\nThe committee are divided in their opinions.\n\n> 択一 【たくいつ】\n\nMeaning: choosing an alternative\n\nExample:\n\n彼【かれ】は二者択一【にしゃたくいつ】を選ぶ【えらぶ】ことでしょう。武術【ぶじゅつ】か死【し】か。\n\nWhich will he choose I wonder? Martial arts, or death?\n\n* * *\n\n**Conclusion** : 一 (one) can have many readings depending on if using onyomi\nor kunyomi ([see my opinion here on\nthat](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52178/do-we-really-need-\nremember-kunyomi-and-onyomi-reading-of-each-kanji/52179#52179)) Basically you\nshould remember within context instead of trying to memorize readings, but\nthat's my perspective.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T17:06:46.033",
"id": "52188",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T17:24:53.600",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T17:24:53.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52182",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52182 | null | 52188 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52186",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A person from a tale says: **「 へそをかくせー」** because they see the God of Thunder\n(雷様) approaching. What does the sentence mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T15:48:53.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52184",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-02T16:34:48.233",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T03:30:09.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "25171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「へそをかくせー」?",
"view_count": 1073
} | [
{
"body": "**へそ：** Navel\n\n**を：** object\n\n**かくせー：** imperative of 隠す｛かくす｝or to hide.\n\nLiterally translated, this means:\n\n> Cover your navel!\n\nSounds kindof crazy, but there's a cultural meaning behind it. Frequently,\nparents will say something to the effect of, \"The God of Thunder and Lightning\nwill take your belly button, so cover it up.\" As far as I can tell, it's an\nold wives' tale that parents tell their children.\n\nI found the following explanation as to where this saying came from, but it's\nall in Japanese. I found it on [**this**](http://crawl3r.com/224.html)\nwebpage.\n\nI'll copy one of the explanations here.\n\n> 先ほどお話した以外にも、おへそを隠す理由があるのです。 \n> おへそを隠そうとすると、どんな体制になりますか？\n>\n> 背筋を伸ばして・・・お腹に手を当てる人はいないのではないでしょうか。 \n> ほとんどの人が背中を丸めて、小さくなると思います。\n>\n> これは、雷から体を守るためと言われています。\n>\n> 雷は高いところに落ちる性質があります。 \n> よく高い木や塔などに雷は落ちますよね。 \n> おへそを守るために、かがみ・・・体を伏せることで落雷から体を守ったのです。\n>\n> 昔、着物を着ていた時代のお話です。 \n> 帯の中にお財布を入れて歩き、落雷にあった人がいたそうです。 \n> その人のおへそは黒く焦げてしまい、おへそが取られたようになってしまったそう。\n>\n> おへその周りは皮膚が薄いため、裂けてしまうことや・・・電気が体に入って感電してしまいます。\n>\n> 落雷が原因のため、雷様がへそを取った！とかへそが好きと言われるようになったのです。\n>\n> おへそを隠すのは、落雷からしっかりと守る必要があるからなのですね。\n\nMy translation of this is not perfect, but it is sufficient for understanding\nwhat was written above.\n\n> In addition to the discussion from earlier, there are yet other reasons why\n> someone would cover their navel. When you move to cover your navel, what\n> kind of posture do you assume?\n>\n> When you stretch your back I doubt you or anyone else would put your hands\n> on your stomach, right? I think that most people round their backs and\n> become smaller when they do so.\n>\n> It is said that this is to protect your body from the God of Thunder and\n> Lightning.\n>\n> It is the nature of lightning to strike the high ground. It strikes tall\n> trees, towers, etc. To protect your navel, you stoop over. By covering your\n> body you naturally protected yourself from lightning strikes.\n>\n> Now lets talk about the time people usually wore kimonos. People would walk\n> around with their wallets in their obi, and it appears that some of those\n> people were struck by lightning. The navel on those people struck by\n> lightning was charred black, making it look like their belly button had been\n> taken.\n>\n> Because the skin around the navel is thin, it can completely split open or…\n> you can get shocked from electricity entering your body.\n>\n> Because lightning strikes are the cause of this coincidence, the God of\n> Lightning has taken your belly button! Or at least, that’s why people\n> started to say he likes belly buttons.\n>\n> So you see, covering the navel is actually done out of necessity to properly\n> protect oneself from lightning.\n\nNext time you go outside during a thunder storm, watch out. You might lose\nyour belly button!\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8rurt.jpg)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T16:18:41.160",
"id": "52186",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-02T16:34:48.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "52184",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 52184 | 52186 | 52186 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "After I made a speech (not in Japanese) a friend told me 「発表頑張り過ぎた」. I am\nstruggling with this sentence and I cannot determine whether it is positive or\nnegative. The way I spontaneously interpret it is:\n\n> For this speech, you did your best too much.\n\nWhich, of course, does not make any kind of sense. Was he trying to warn me\nthat I _tried too much_ , that the speech was not so good, not natural enough,\netc.? Or is it just a simple _well done_ -type of thing?\n\nI would be interested in knowing the real meaning of this expression. (This is\nnot a question about how to use 過ぎる grammatically speaking.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T15:51:06.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52185",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T22:39:37.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 頑張りすぎた",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not native, but from my experience, 頑張り is pretty much always positive. I\nwould think it means something like, \"You did very well on this speech,\" so\nyes, just a simple well done, as you said. 過ぎる can just mean over, not\nnecessarily \"too much;\" perhaps \"You gave 110% on this\" - you did more than\nyour best - would be a closer translation. Again, I'm not native, so I hope\nsomeone else comes along to help you, but that's just my take on things.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T16:55:44.393",
"id": "52187",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T16:55:44.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"parent_id": "52185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I'm not a native speaker but will give my best shot at this one.\n\nI think in this case a good translation which carries the nuance of the\noriginal statement is:\n\n> You really overdid the presentation!\n\nI feel this can be interpreted in either a positive way (you did awesome!) or\nnegative way (you did more than you really needed to!). I think you can only\ntell which from the context, which includes the intonation/expression of the\nperson speaking this, and how hard you really did try.\n\nIf I didn't have any extra context, I would interpret this as meaning \"you did\na great job, but you did more than you really had to\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T22:39:37.560",
"id": "52192",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T22:39:37.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "52185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52185 | null | 52192 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Google search and dictionaries give me no help, and god knows translators\naren't to be trusted. If you search ゆらまひ in google, images of a certain pair\nof girls who look like twins come up, does that have anything to do with it?\n\nContext: It was commented upon a music video, and was the only such comment.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T20:57:35.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52190",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T13:23:18.343",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T21:17:25.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "25375",
"owner_user_id": "25375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does ゆらまひだ mean?",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "”They are ゆらまひ！\" \"I found that they are ゆらまひ.\"\n\nor\n\n\"They look like ゆらまひ！” \"I found them look like ゆらまひ.\"\n\nor maybe\n\n\"(They look alike as though they were twin.) Just like ゆらの＆まひろ.\"\n\nゆらまひ＝越智ゆらの（おちゆらの）and 林田真尋(はやしだまひろ）\n\n越智ゆらの is a Japanese fashion model, 18 y.o.\n\n林田真尋 (19) is a Japanese singer and dancer. (From Wikipedia)\n\nIt seems that they often upload their cute _purikura_ (Print Club) photos on\nthe web. They look so much alike like a twin. The comment must be something\nrelated to them with no doubt.\n\nI haven't encountered the word \"ゆらまひ\" in my life. If it's a word, it would be\nan old Japanese word because of the old spelling of \"ひ\". It should be spelled\nas ゆらまい in the modern Japanese.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-10T22:16:39.630",
"id": "52191",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T22:24:34.537",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T22:24:34.537",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 「ひらまひ」＝「おち **ゆら** の」+「はやしだ **まひ** ろ」\n\nSeesawsceneさんの答えのとおりですね。 \nI second Seesawscene's answer!\n\nせっかくの機会ですので、私はこの答えを補強するよう情報を提供しようと思います。 \nIt is a great opportunity, so I'll provide some information to reinforce this\nanswer.\n\nこれはペアに対する愛称の一つです。特定な用語がないので、以下の説明では、仮に「省略ペア名称」と呼びます。 \nThis is a kind of a nickname for a certain pair of people. Since there is no\nspecific term, in the explanation below, I'm going to call it an \"\n**abbreviated pair's name** or **APN** \" temporarily.\n\n実は、省略ペア名称は「ひらまひ」に限らず、「特定のペアの呼称」として日本における言葉遣いのまさに定着しつつある近頃の傾向あるいは流行です。 \nActually, APN is not limited to \"HiraMahi\", but it is a recent tendency of\nwording in Japan exactly on the way being established as \"\n**addressing/designating a specific pair of people** \".\n\nこの傾向は「メディア」と日本語で表現される文化の進展とともに登場したように思います。 \nI think that this trend appeared with the progress of culture expressed as\n\"メディア _≒ media_ \" in Japanese.\n\n省略ペア名称は、つい最近までは次のような条件が重なったときに使われておりました。作り方は、ペアを構成するメンバー各々の名前（姓名あるいは氏名）の先頭２音節を合成して４音節にして作ります。 \nUntil recently APNs have been made and used when the following conditions\noverlap. They are made by combining the first two syllables of the name (first\nor last name of a full name) of each member constituting the pair to make up\nfour syllables\n\n * ペアであること Being a pair of people\n * 人気があること、あるいは人気を作ろうとするとき Being popular; or A promoter or sponser is trying to make the pair's popularity aggressively.\n * 少なくとも一方は若い女性であること Being a young woman at least one of the pair\n * きれいあるいはかわいいこと Being pretty or cute\n\n省略ペア名称は、名前の付け方に明確な規則性があるので簡単に作れることとがメリットであり、文字数が少ないので活字メディアの見出し（ヘッドライン）に使うと効果的である点もメリットである。しかし、実際には、二人分の氏名を発音するより簡単に発音できることで、テレビ等での音声で使われるときにより一層効果があるように思う。 \nIt is merit that APN is easy to create because there is clear rule in the way\nof naming it, and it is also merit that it is effective when used for\nheadlines of printed media such as newspapers because of the small number of\ncharacters. However, in fact, it makes it easier to pronounce the name for the\ntwo people, so it seems to be even more effective when it is used on a TV\nbroadcast or the like.\n\nあるペアを売り出そうとするプロモータにとって便利な手法だが、まだ市民権を得ていない省略ペア名称に対して一般の人は「勝手な押し売りはよしてくれ」と言いたいこともある。 \nAlthough APN is a convenient means for promoters who are planning to make\npopularity of a pair, we sometimes want to say \"No solicitors\" to the\nabbreviated pair name which has not yet popular.\n\n不思議なのは、バドミントンのペアに対してこのAPNは使われるが卓球のペアには何故使われないのだろうか。これは私にはわからない。 \nIt is strange that APN is used for badminton pairs, but why isn't it used for\na pair of ping pongs? I cannot explain this.\n\n近頃は女性だけでなくバドミントンのダブルスの男性のペアに対してもこのAPNが使われはじめているので私の定義も怪しいものである。 \nMy definition is doubtful now because APN is starting to be used not only for\nwomen but also for badminton men's pair.\n\nExamples of APNs:\n\n * [ゆらまひ](http://www.excite.co.jp/News/entertainment_g/20160915/Ameba_16192.html) Appeared in OP's question. Yuramhi is an APN for Yurano Ochi ([越智]{ochi} ゆらの）and Mahiro Hayashida ([林田]{hayashida} [真尋]{mahiro}）\n\n * [マナカナ](http://www.manakana.jp/) Manakana is an APN for a Japanese twin actresses, talents and singers of Mana Mikura ([三倉]{mikura} [茉奈]{mana}) and Kana Mikura ([三倉]{mikura} [佳奈]{kana}).\n\n * [オグシオ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA) Ogushio is an APN for a Japanese badminton women's pair of Kumiko Ogura ([小椋]{ogura} [久美子]{kumiko}) and Reiko Shiota ([潮田]{shiota} [玲子]{reiko}).\n\n * [タカマツ](https://mainichi.jp/sportsspecial/articles/20160819/k00/00m/050/205000c) Takamatsu is an APN for a Japanese badminton women's pair of Reika Takahashi ([高橋]{takahashi} [礼華]{reika}) and Matsutomo Misaki ([松友]{matsutomo} [美佐紀]{misaki}).\n\n * [イケシオ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA) Ikeshio is an APN for a Japanese badminton mixed pair of Shintaroh Ikeda ([池田]{ikeda} [信太郎]{shintaroh}) and said Reiko Shiota ([潮田]{shiota} [玲子]{reiko}).\n\n * [ハヤエン](https://matome.naver.jp/odai/2142387363844978201) Hayaen is an APN for a Japanese badminton men's pair of Ken'ichi Hayakawa ([早川]{hayakawa} [賢一]{ken'ichi}) and Hiroyuki Endoh ([遠藤]{endoh} [大由]{hiroyuki})\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6d0lV.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T13:08:22.593",
"id": "52203",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T13:23:18.343",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T13:23:18.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52190 | null | 52191 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52200",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm really confused by the role of も in this sentence:\n\n> KONAMIから許諾を得ないといかなる場合 **も** Brain Powerを使用する事ができない状態なのです。\n\nI think that what makes it difficult to understand is that there are two\nsituations (場合 and 状態) and I don't know which one is first. Can I replace も\nwith は when parsing?\n\nThe entire sentence with the translation I got is this:\n\n> > 仮に、契約を延長すればSOUND VOLTEXに今まで通り収録され続ける。逆を言うと、KONAMIから許諾を得ないといかなる場合もBrain\n> Powerを使用する事ができない状態なのです。それは作曲者も同様です。 \n> If I extend the contract, the song would continue to be in SOUND VOLTEX.\n> However to argue that, there may be situations where I am unable to get\n> consent from KONAMI to use Brain Power. As the composer of the song, this\n> would be a big problem for me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T03:41:29.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52195",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T07:04:55.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "How can I parse も in this sentence?",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "I think that from a strictly syntactic view you would get the same parse tree\nif you replaced も by は, but it would make no sense. This も is part of いかなる場合も\n(+negative), which means \"in no circumstance\". Break down the sentence like\nthis\n\n * 逆を言うと、 means \"looking at it the other way round\" or similar. I don't know enough context to understand exactly what it means - whether supposing that you don't extend the contract, or whether even if you extend you will still not be able to do these various things (over and above the contract provisions). I (and a native speaker very close to me) think that 逆に言うと、is more natural.\n * KONAMIから許諾を得ないと is an \"if\"; meaning \"without permission from Konami (whose name in English orthography is not in block capitals).\n * いかなる場合も \"in whatever case\", \"in any circumstances whatever\"\n * Brain Powerを使用する事ができない : use of Brain Power is not possible\n * 状態なのです。... \"is the situation which obtains\"; basically adds no information, but is like saying \"This is how it will be if...\" at the beginning of the sentence.\n\nDoes this help? Is the translation above yours? Because the last sentence\nisn't really correct either.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T07:04:55.533",
"id": "52200",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T07:04:55.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7717",
"parent_id": "52195",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52195 | 52200 | 52200 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52201",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this term in a scientist book and my effort so far was to copy paste\nthe word into ejje weblio, but weblio didn't gave me an answer. Is this phrase\na kind of idiom or something? How can I google something that is suspected to\nbe an idiom?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T07:00:36.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52198",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T09:52:36.033",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T09:52:36.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "19128",
"owner_user_id": "19128",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"idioms"
],
"title": "What does it 「天分に生きる」actually mean?",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "The literal meaning of 天分 is something like \"that which is allotted to you by\nthe heavens\". It refers to your natural talents and characteristics, as well\nas the position in life you're born into, and has a sense of referring to your\noverall destiny or place in the world.\n\nSo to 天分に生きる is to live according to the will of the heavens - to accept and\nmake the most of the nature and role that has naturally been given to you,\nrather than trying to \"change your destiny\" and achieve things you may be less\nwell suited for.\n\nI believe it's generally used with fairly positive connotations, based on the\nidea that not everyone can be destined for great things, and a more humble\nlife can be just as worthwhile as the life of a great person, as long as it's\nthe life that is best for you.\n\n--\n\nAs for how to go about identifying complex expressions like this, looking up\nthe phrase or its individual words in various dictionaries can be a good\nstart. The full phrase 天分に生きる isn't really an idiom itself but a common\ncollocation that naturally proceeds from the meaning of 天分, so in this case\nyou're unlikely to find the full phrase in dictionaries, but looking at the\nvarious translations that dictionaries give for 天分 (words I'm seeing on Weblio\ninclude \"natural gifts\", \"talents\", \"destiny\" and \"mission\") can give you a\ndecent sense of the word's connotations.\n\nLooking at the characters themselves can also help, of course - the meaning of\n天分 proceeds quite naturally from the kanji it consists of, with 天 referring to\n\"the heavens\" (and often by extension \"nature\" or \"the divine\") and 分 meaning\nyour \"share\" or that which has been allotted to you.\n\nIf simple Japanese-to-English dictionaries aren't sufficient to fully grasp\nthe meaning of a word, I find resources like [Eijiro](http://eow.alc.co.jp/),\nwhich provides a variety of phrasal uses in addition to individual word\ndefinitions, can also help to understand how a word is used. In this case, the\nWeblio page for 天分 already contains some helpful phrasal uses, including the\nphrase 人は天分を全うすべし, which is very similar in meaning to 天分に生きる.\n\nAnd of course, if you're comfortable with using them, native Japanese-language\nresources are often the most insightful of all - Japanese-to-Japanese\ndictionaries like [Goo Jisho](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/) will often\nprovide more in-depth definitions than Japanese-to-English resources, and just\nGoogling a word or phrase (optionally followed by とは) will often turn up pages\nthat discuss its origins or at least illustrate how it's actually used. In\nthis case, the very first Google result I found for 天分に生きる was [this\npage](http://www.hachimangu.com/cgi/kouwa/kouwa.cgi?mode=one&namber=158&type=0&space=0),\na short article examining the idea, which helpfully begins by defining 天分 in\nthe first paragraph.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T09:24:41.797",
"id": "52201",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T09:24:41.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "52198",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52198 | 52201 | 52201 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I need such list at size of at least 5000 entries for sowftware performance\ntesting purpose. The best format of list would be a CSV. For example:\n\n```\n\n 佐藤琢磨;Kamui Kobayashi\n \n```\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T07:01:47.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52199",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T07:01:47.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25369",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"names"
],
"title": "Can I find list of japanese names in kanji with latin equivalent?",
"view_count": 162
} | []
| 52199 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52205",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have a question about the nuance of わね in the below song lyric (from\n[衛星カフェテラス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpFSeGMMafU)):\n\n> あのさ、もし意識思考そのものが自律して\n\n> この体を逃れたなら (意識は自律して? 興味深いわね)\n\nI was thinking that this was implying that the matter being 'deep' was being\nfelt by the speaker, as in:\n\n> That's really deep!\n\nHowever there is a doubt as to whether this actually refers to the speaker\ntalking about the other person's interest (who she is singing together with),\nas in:\n\n> You’re really interested in that, huh?\n\nWhose 'interest' is being referred to in this phrase?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T13:50:59.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52204",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T21:58:58.980",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T21:58:58.980",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"song-lyrics",
"role-language",
"particle-わ",
"particle-ね"
],
"title": "Nuance of \"わね”: whose interest does「興味深いわね」refer to?",
"view_count": 1323
} | [
{
"body": "This 興味深いわね is just \"That's interesting\" or more specifically, \"This\n'意識思考そのものが自律して...' is an interesting assumption.\" わね is a feminine sentence-\nend particle which does not necessarily have to be translated, but it's for\nseeking agreement; \"huh?\" or \"isn't it?\"\n\n興味深い never means someone is interested. For example, 彼は興味深い always means \"He\nis an interesting person\" rather than \"He is interested (in something).\"\n彼は(～に)興味がある and 彼は(～に)興味を持っている are the expressions that mean \"He is interested\n(in ～).\"\n\n * 興味深いわね。 That (such an assumption) is interesting.\n * 興味があるわね。 I am interested in that.\n * 興味があるのね。 So you're interested in that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T14:20:53.727",
"id": "52205",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T14:34:05.533",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T14:34:05.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52204",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "* あのさ、もし意識思考そのものが自律して この体を逃れたなら (Sung by Mary)\n * 意識は自律して? 興味深いわね (Sung by Renko)\n\nわね indicates that the speaker is a woman.\n\nわ indicates that the speaker is female.\n\nね is used for the emphasis.\n\n * 興味深い （It's interesting.）\n * 興味深いね (It's interesting!, or It's interesting, isn't it?)\n * 興味深いわ (It's interesting. And this is said by a woman.)\n * 興味深いわね（It's really interesting. And this is said by a woman.)\n\n**You may know that the Japanese colloquial language has masculine wording and\nfeminine wording. And わね is the latter.**\n\nWell, I explained a usual/normal explanation thus far. I mean \"a usual\ninterpretation without sarcasm.\"\n\nHowever, sarcasm changes everything.\n\n> Whose interest does「興味深いわね」refer to?\n\nThe interpretation may be tricky. If it is sarcasm, it is translated as\n_\"Consciousness being independent? **You’re really interested in that,\nhuh**.\"_ <https://sterngazer.wordpress.com/2017/08/10/sci-fi-romance-\ntraveler-%E6%9A%81records/>\n\n**If it is sarcasm** , it is said by Renko, and it is Mary's interest.\n\nIf it is **not sarcasm** , it is said by Renko, and it is Renko's interest:\n_\"Consciousness being independent? **Cool! It's interesting (for me too)!**.\"_\n\nI'd vote one for sarcastic interpretation because of the whole lyrics.\n\nThe わね has nothing to do with the determination whether it's sarcasm or not.\nOnly the whole context and the tone of the voice are the key to decide which.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T16:28:38.783",
"id": "52207",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T18:09:13.310",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T18:09:13.310",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52204",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52204 | 52205 | 52205 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble with a specific set of lines [in this\nsong](http://vocaloidlyrics.wikia.com/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8A%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1_\\(Hansuu_no_Inshou\\)).\n\n> 本当は噛み締めてなんかいやしない\n>\n> I really didn't understand it\n>\n> 明日の日付も今日も飲み込んじまえ\n>\n> But I understood it completely today and tomorrow\n>\n> 咀嚼の時間も 緊急停車にも気付きはしない\n>\n> When I understood it, I hadn't realized (I had understood it) when we were\n> at an emergency stop.\n\nThis is my best guess, but I'm not sure about these lines, especially the last\none (\"The time of understanding, and at the emergency stop, the realization\nwas not there\" is what I took from it literally) and also since every word I\ntranslated \"understand\" could also mean \"chew,\" which confused me, although I\nwent with understand since in context chewing wouldn't really make sense.\n\nI guess what I'm asking is this: Is my interpretation correct? Am I missing\nsomething about the whole \"chewing\" thing?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T17:19:00.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52208",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T17:28:32.657",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T21:34:24.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Trouble with Specific lines, possible series of puns",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "As A.Ellett commented, a good interpretation can never be obtained without a\ngood literal translation. So here is a literal translation:\n\n> 本当は噛み締めてなんかいやしない \n> In reality, he is not even chewing.\n>\n> 明日の日付も今日も飲み込んじまえ \n> Swallow up (the date of) tomorrow, and even today.\n>\n> 咀嚼の時間も 緊急停車にも気付きはしない \n> He doesn't notice the time for mastication or an emergency stop.\n\n(I used \"he\" as the subject because, [as I said\nelsewhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/47879/5010), I feel the whole\nsong is depicted from the third person's viewpoint.)\n\n噛みしめる can also mean \"to relish\" of \"to enjoy\", and 咀嚼 can also mean \"to\nrethink deeply\".\n\nThe whole lyrics are fairly vague, but basically the song is about a\nmysterious long-distance train that runs forever whatever happens. The train\ndoes not have a passenger or even a sane conductor, but it keeps on running.\nNo one knows why it's running.\n\nSo in this context, these four lines vaguely expresses that someone is \"in a\ntrance.\" The person is not thinking. He doesn't care for what's happening\naround him, and even an emergency stop signal will not stop him. He doesn't\neven care for the flow of time. Still, the train keeps on running.\n\nAnyway, the word choice of these song is basically vague, random and peculiar.\nThe song is not meant to be logically interpreted. It may not be very\nmeaningful to seek for a natural interpretation too much.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T17:28:32.657",
"id": "52234",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T17:28:32.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52208",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52208 | null | 52234 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52211",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know ばか literally means \"stupid/idiot\" but i remember a scene when i was re-\nwatching naruto. the context is:\n\n\"sarutobi asuma just got news that his close skilled friend (old comrade of\nhim) was killed by akatsuki, he was very shocked and could not believe such a\nvery strong, skilled friend was killed easily by akatsuki and then he said\n'ばかな! bla bla bla'.\" i am sorry i can't fully provide what he said because my\nlimited japanese skill.\n\nI dont know equivalent of that word in english in the context above, maybe \"\nhuh, how can?\". correct me if i am wrong.\n\nso when is 'ばかな' used other than to insult people? and is it okay to say it to\nclose friend (older) as expression?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T18:05:38.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52209",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T18:12:51.167",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T18:12:51.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "18316",
"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "how many possibilities translation of ばかな/ばかね？",
"view_count": 83
} | [
{
"body": "\"Impossible!\"\n\n\"I can't believe it!\"\n\n\"No way!\"\n\nThese can be expressed with \"ばかな！\".",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T18:11:58.783",
"id": "52211",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T18:11:58.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52209 | 52211 | 52211 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "As far as my knowledge, when we talk about the third person's desire and\nfeeling, “Someone wants to do something” , we'll use `〜たがる` instead of `〜たい` -\nyour own desire and feeling or when you ask someone about their desire.\n\nFor example:\n\n```\n\n 田中さん、旅行したいそうですね!\n Hey Tanaka, I heard that you want to travel!\n (I'm talking with Tanaka)\n \n```\n\nSo is it possible to be like:\n\n```\n\n 田中さんは旅行したがるそうです.\n I heard that Tanaka wants to travel.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T18:10:34.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52210",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T22:21:37.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19758",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can たがる + そうです?",
"view_count": 485
} | [
{
"body": "Grammatically, that seems just fine -- ～たがる to express that someone else wants\nto do something, and そうだ to express reported speech sourced from someone else.\n\nGoogle can sometimes be helpful in confirming if a particular structure is in\ncommon use. [Searching for \"たがるそう\" shows plenty of\nhits.](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%22)\nSome of those hits are not relevant, such as when there's a period in between\n-- 「たがる。そう」 does not demonstrate what we're looking for. However, the hits do\ninclude plenty of fitting examples, such as: 「僕の彼女のお父さんは、同じ場所ばかり行き **たがるそう**\nです。」 ( _\" **Apparently** my girlfriend's father only ever **wants to** go to\nthe same places.\"_)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T19:23:44.800",
"id": "52212",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T19:23:44.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "52210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "They mean different things.\n\n田中さんは旅行したいそうです means that you heard of Tanaka-san's current desire to travel\naround, while 田中さんは旅行したがるそうです is saying that you heard of his habit to\nabruptly try to go on a trip from time to time whether he currently wants or\nnot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T04:21:48.693",
"id": "52222",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T04:21:48.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "52210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> Can たがる + そうです? \n> As far as my knowledge, when we talk about the third person's desire and\n> feeling, “Someone wants to do something” , we'll use 〜たがる instead of 〜たい -\n> your own desire and feeling or when you ask someone about their desire.\n\nNo, you probably want to avoid using it for other than family members or very\nclose friends because otherwise it could sound disrespectful.\n\nた of たがる is of たい(want). \nがる has a complicated meaning to say someone/something _indicates/shows_ their\nneeds/wants _consciously or not._ It has a sense of persistency, and can be\nalso used to say an intentional display, as 欲しがる or 寒がる comparing to 欲しそう or\n寒そう. We use this for the first person as well as from the perspective of\nothers seeing it; 私が食べたがっているのに一口もくれない。\n\n> **たがる** \n> ［助動］ \n> 《希望の助動詞「たし」の語幹「た」＋接尾語「がる」から》\n>\n> **１** 話し手以外の人の希望を表す。「この子はお菓子を食べたがってしかたがない」 \n> **２** （「たがっても」の形で）話し手の希望を表す。「私がどんなに退院したがっても、医者が許してくれない」 \n>\n> (デジタル大辞泉|[たがる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/135611/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B/))\n\nSo, したがるそうです is used as a reported speech about someone under someone's care;\n患者{かんじゃ}さんが外へ出たがるそうです.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T22:10:31.863",
"id": "52241",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T22:21:37.520",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22422",
"parent_id": "52210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52210 | null | 52212 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52220",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "According to [this](http://jisho.org/search/%E8%BE%9B%E3%81%84),\n\n[辛い]{からい} means both spicy and salty. Where I live we associate spicy with\npepper, not salt.\n\nIs this something similar to the case of \"ao\", meaning both green and blue?\n(or something in between them).\n\nAre there words for differentiating foods with too much salt than foods with\ntoo much pepper?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T19:47:36.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52213",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-23T13:08:54.060",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-23T13:08:54.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "does 辛い means both spicy and salty?",
"view_count": 4150
} | [
{
"body": "> According to [this](http://jisho.org/search/%E8%BE%9B%E3%81%84), 辛からい means\n> both spicy and salty. Where I live we associate spicy with pepper, not salt.\n\nAgreeing with what @siikamiika stated, it could be a misrepresentation of\n辛い【つらい】, but considering the dictionary you used was an English one, \"Salty\",\nin this case, can also refer to an upset person, [in English\nterms](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=salty&utm_source=search-\naction).\n\nSo this sentence, given by the reference you provided with the meaning\n\"salty\":\n\n> 彼女は多くの辛い思いを経験してきた。She has gone through many difficulties.\n\nCould refer to her \"upset\" state referring to her experiences, or if replaced\nwith 辛い【つらい】, her \"painful experiences\".\n\nHowever, I am not certain that \"salty\" (in terms of emotion) in English, can\nalso be 辛い 【からい】 in Japanese. 辛い【つらい】 makes more sense.\n\n> Are there words for differentiating foods with too much salt than foods with\n> too much pepper?\n\nThere are phrases, but not specific words. However notice that salt (塩) is\nused _along_ with 辛い.\n\nToo much salt: [塩が辛い or\nおお塩辛い](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/too+much+salt)\n\nToo much pepper:\n[コショウを入れすぎた](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/too+much+pepper)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T21:03:35.367",
"id": "52216",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-11T21:03:35.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16159",
"parent_id": "52213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Yes, this is similar to [青 meaning\ngreen](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1066/5010).\n\n**からい** in modern standard Japanese almost always means _spicy_ , but in the\nold days this word safely also meant _salty_. ~~But somewhere in the past\n(most) Japanese people noticed _spicy_ and _salty_ are clearly different\nconcepts, and started to use a different word for the latter; it's simply\n**塩辛い**. (しょっぱい is another term for salty things.)~~ (This story was not very\nstrict. からい in archaic Japanese [primarily meant\n_salty_](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E8%BE%9B%E3%81%97), but as this word\ngained the meaning of _spicy_ , a different word, **塩辛い** , was made and\nassigned to the original meaning. [A similar thing happened for\nかわいい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/25701/5010).)\n\nI remember my grandmother, who was born in the 1920's in a rural area of\nwestern Japan, often used からい for salty things, and she was also a person who\noften used 青い for green things.\n\n> ### から・い【辛い／×鹹い】\n>\n> １ トウガラシ・ワサビなどのように、舌やのどを強く刺激するような味である。「インド風の―・い料理」→五味 (ごみ) \n> ２ （鹹い）塩気が多い。しょっぱい。「―・い煮つけ」⇔甘い。\n\n(辛い read as つらい means a totally different thing, and it happens to be close to\n_salty_ as in \"salty experience\", but I don't think it's important now.)\n\nApparently, in some dialects, 辛い and 塩辛い are still not distinguished in daily\nlife.\n\n> ###\n> [関西の方は「しょっぱい」ことを「からい」ということについて](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1412523709)\n>\n> 京都市で生まれ育った者です。 \n>\n> ご指摘のとおり、私は「辛い」と「塩辛い」は言葉の上で区別しません。どちらも、「からい」です。おそらく周りの者もほとんどがそう話すように思います。意味は、既出のとおり文脈で判断します。ややこしい時は、「塩辛い」ということ？、というふうに確認し合うわけです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T03:20:37.470",
"id": "52220",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T04:46:34.223",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-12T04:46:34.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "I'd use 塩辛い when something is salty.\n\nBTW, 激辛（gekikara) only means \"extremely hot/spicy.\" We never say 激辛 for \"very\nsalty.\"\n\nWe call \"too salty\" 塩辛すぎる, とても塩辛い or 塩気が強すぎる（shio-ke ga tsuyo- sugiru）.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T03:55:10.640",
"id": "52221",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T04:02:14.173",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-12T04:02:14.173",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52213 | 52220 | 52220 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52217",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Would it be considered rude to suddenly start calling someone by their given\nname, like, should you ask permission to do so first? if you don't ask\npermission, and this someone only wishes to be called by their family name, is\nit seen as though you're mocking them, or intentionally being rude?\n\nedit: i mean, how rude would it be seen as? is it seen as taboo, or just\ngenerally greatly frowned upon in society?\n\nedit: I have looked at the posts addressing politeness, but it doesn't answer\nmy question here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-11T20:35:59.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52215",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T06:05:24.960",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-11T21:32:41.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "25385",
"owner_user_id": "25385",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"names",
"formality"
],
"title": "When is it rude to call someone by their given name?",
"view_count": 7615
} | [
{
"body": "For example, his name is Taro Okamoto. Taro is his first name and Okamoto is\nhis family name.\n\nIn formal settings, for example, you're on business, in a company, or in a\nclass at school, you should call him \"Okamoto-san.\"\n\n\"Okamoto\", \"Taro\", \"Taro-san\", \"Taro-chan\", \"Taro-kun\" are not appropriate.\n\"Okamoto\" and \"Taro\" are even rude and offensive. No matter how close you and\nMr.Okamoto's relationship is, you should call him \"Okamoto-san\" in a formal\nsetting. It is a matter of Japanese grammar, the Keigo-system. It's more like\nin English you should call him \"Mr. Okamoto\" in a formal setting.\n\nIn informal settings, for example, in a private party, or in a conversation\nbetween friends, you can call him:\n\n(The higher the number, the closer your relationship would be.)\n\n 1. Okamoto-san\n 2. Okamoto-kun\n 3. Taro-san\n 4. Taro-kun\n 5. Okamocchan _or_ Okamocchi\n 6. Tarocchi _or_ Tarochan\n 7. Okamoto\n 8. Taro\n\nFirst, you should start calling him \"Okamoto-san\" and I think it's safer to\nask him the permission about what number you may call him.\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T00:28:29.230",
"id": "52217",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T02:18:41.237",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-12T02:18:41.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "16159",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52215",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> Would it be considered rude to suddenly start calling someone by their given\n> name, like, should you ask permission to do so first?\n\nYes. If the someone's name is Barack Obama, it's natural to call him Obama-\nsan.\n\n> if you don't ask permission, and this someone only wishes to be called by\n> their family name, is it seen as though you're mocking them, or\n> intentionally being rude?\n\nBefore answering this question I have to say that there seems no custom in\nJapan to propose others how you prefer to be called.\n\nAnyway, it's a very difficult question, because Mr. Obama would very soon\nunderstand that you're not a Japanese judging from your appearance and/or the\nability to use Japanese.\n\nIf you are a Japanese, what is asked by the question is very rude. But, in the\nsituation you are understood as a people from other country, Mr. Obama would\ntry not to make you annoyed and also he would try to understand your behaviors\nincluding how you call his name. So, even if you call him Barak abruptly, he\nis sure to understand that it is the natural way to call one's name in your\nculture without thinking you are rude.\n\nIf you would like to have a nice time with Mr. Obama, I recommend you that you\ncall him Mr. Obama and you would propose how you prefer to be called by Mr.\nObama at the meeting. If you propose Mr. Obama that you want to be called with\nyour given name, he might possiblly propose that he also prefer to be called\nsimply Barak only in the meeting.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T01:41:37.997",
"id": "52218",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T06:05:24.960",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-12T06:05:24.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52215",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52215 | 52217 | 52217 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference in meaning between \"mousugu\", \"mamonaku\", and\n\"sorosoro\"?\n\nAccording to what I found, in English they all mean \"soon\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T06:28:48.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52223",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-16T21:16:30.177",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-16T21:16:30.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "31553",
"owner_user_id": "25388",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"adverbs",
"linguistics",
"semantics"
],
"title": "the different adverbia between 'mousugu', 'mamonaku', and sorosoro",
"view_count": 4524
} | [
{
"body": "もうすぐ and まもなく are both \"soon\". The latter is a formal expression mainly used\nin polite business settings. And まもなく refers to a very short time (usually a\nfew minutes), but もうすぐ can be a few days, or even months later, depending on\nthe context.\n\n> * もうすぐ春が来る。: OK\n> * まもなく春が来る。: weird\n>\n\nそろそろ is an adverb which adds a nuance of \"it's high time\" or \"it's about\ntime\".\n\n> そろそろ学校に行く時間だ。 It's about time to go to school.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T17:49:28.660",
"id": "52235",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T22:51:30.403",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-12T22:51:30.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52223",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "In my opinion, もうすぐ is a subjective expression(subjunctive mood) for the\nupcoming event and you don't have to be so sure about the event definitely\nwill come whereas まもなく is more of an expression for the known fact(bus, train,\nflight schedule)and you know the upcoming event already scheduled in advance\nand probably logistics officers often use it. As for the comment, you asked,\nもうすぐ is a subjunctive it is slightly weird to use for the past tense. I mean\nyou know the event already finished. And if the chronological order(present-\npast) is clear and known fact, you should use \"まもなく\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-30T00:52:57.183",
"id": "53552",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-30T00:52:57.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52223",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52223 | null | 52235 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52227",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the below sentence I translated the first part as \"Men sometimes display\"\nbut cannot figure out the meaning of [これって脈アリサイン].\n\n> 男性{だんせい}がときどき見{み}せる[これって脈{みゃく}アリサイン]",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T08:07:32.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52225",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-19T09:47:06.033",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-19T09:47:06.033",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10476",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Meaning of 男性がときどき見せる[これって脈アリサイン]",
"view_count": 223
} | [
{
"body": "これって”脈アリ”サイン ＝Might this be the \"there-is-a-chance\" sign?\n\nWhen you want to find a hot spring or a valuable metals, you have to check 水脈\n(the hot water pathway underground) or 鉱脈 (metalliferous vein) in advance.\n\n脈がある means that there is such a 脈, which is something good, positive, and\nwelcomed.\n\nNow in the modern colloquial Japanese, \"脈アリ\" means that **there is the\npossibility that the person likes you, has a positive feeling toward you, has\na date with you, or becomes your lover.**\n\n男性がときどき見せる[これって脈アリサイン]\n\n**_[The sign of positive feeling toward you, maybe,] that men show you\nsometimes_**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T11:08:36.927",
"id": "52227",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T11:15:56.153",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-12T11:15:56.153",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52225",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 52225 | 52227 | 52227 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52252",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> A: 将棋がお強いと伺いましたが。 \n> B: いやあ、人に自慢するほどじゃありませんが、始めてもう40年になりますね。\n\nFirst, I have problems determining the meaning of 伺う. Does it mean \"to ask\" or\n\"to be told\" here?\n\nSecond, I just learned about the comparisons with ほど. \nThere are two patterns I learned:\n\n> 八ヶ岳は有名な山だが、富士山ほど有名ではない。\n\nand\n\n> 田中さんほど仕事がよくできる人はいません。\n\nNow, in context of the dialogue in question, I think that pattern 1 is at play\nhere. Still, considering that I don't really know what the first sentence\nsays, I wonder what to make of this. I also can't find what いやあ means.\n\nHere's my attempt at translation:\n\n> A: Have you been told that you're strong at shougi? \n> B: ? , while I don't boast towards people like that, for the first time\n> already become 40 years.\n\nI also can't make much sense of the second part in the second sentence either",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T14:38:25.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52228",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T02:07:49.777",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T02:07:27.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "「将棋がお強いと伺いましたが」「いやあ、人に自慢するほどじゃありませんが、始めてもう40年になりますね。」",
"view_count": 284
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence means that\n\n> A: I heard that you are very good at playing shogi. \n> B: No, I am not so good that I could boast to anyone, but it's been 40\n> years since the first time I played.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T15:22:48.297",
"id": "52229",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T02:07:49.777",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T02:07:49.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52228",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> First, I have problems determining the meaning of 伺う. Does it mean \"to ask\"\n> or \"to be told\" here?\n\n(～と)伺う here is the humble form (謙譲語) of (～と)聞く, meaning \"I heard that~~\". \n～か伺った or ～～かと伺った would be \"I asked whether~~.\"\n\n> Second, I just learned about the comparisons with ほど. \n> 八ヶ岳は有名な山だが、富士山ほど有名ではない。 \n> 田中さんほど仕事がよくできる人はいません。\n\nほど basically means \"to the extent (that~)\" or \"to the (same) extent (as~)\". So\n富士山 **ほど** 有名ではない literally means \"not famous _to the same extent as_ Mt.\nFuji\", hence \"is not so famous as Mt. Fuji\", and 田中さん **ほど** よくできる人 means \"a\nperson who is competent _to the same extent as_ Mr. Tanaka\".\n\nAnd here in your example 人に自慢するほどじゃありません, the ほど also means \"to the extent\n(that~).\"\n\n> ［私の将棋の腕前は］人に自慢する **ほど** じゃありません。 \n> _lit._ ［My shogi technique is］not (good) _to the extent_ that I can boast\n> to others. \n> I am not good at shogi to the extent that I can boast about it to others.\n\n> I also can't find what いやあ means.\n\nIt's an interjection (感動詞):\n\n> いや〘感〙 \n> 驚き・感動・嘆きなどを表す語。 **いやあ** 。 \n> 「いや、びっくりした。」「いや、すばらしい。」 \n> (明鏡国語辞典)\n\n> 始めてもう40年になりますね。\n\n始めて here is not \"for the first time\" (初めて)*, but the te-form of the verb 始める,\n_lit._ \"started and~\" → \"since I started\". 「～～して+ (period of time) +になる」 means\n\"(period of time) has passed since ~~\" or \"It's been (period of time) since\n~~.\"\n\n\"It's already been 40 years since I started (shogi).\"\n\n*始めて = [はじめて]{LHHH}, 初めて(for the first time) = [はじめて]{LHLL}",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T07:08:38.350",
"id": "52252",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T07:31:58.767",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T07:31:58.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "52228",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52228 | 52252 | 52252 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52243",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So in this song (full lyrics:\n<http://vocaloidlyrics.wikia.com/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8A%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1_(Hansuu_no_Inshou)>\n) I ran across this line, and the use of 紡がれない confuses me here:\n\n紡がれない墨染めホーム瑠璃の空に消え行くひつじ雲\n\n(From) the (not being spun?) black platform, (I see) the cloud disappear into\nthe lapis-blue sky.\n\nI feel like I'm missing something crucial here, but no dictionary I can find\nlists 紡ぐ as anything besides spin (though some list it as \"spin a tale,\" but I\ndon't know how that's applicable here.)\n\nCould broken-down work here for 紡がれない? I know that strays from the literal\nmeaning a lot, but it would make sense in context. Or should I just translate\nit literally - is it just a more poetic choice by the writer?\n\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T15:46:22.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52230",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T21:02:47.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Strange use of 紡がれない in this lyric",
"view_count": 107
} | [
{
"body": "It didn't make sense to me, either. Maybe the most probable answer to your\nquestion is just a kind of typo.\n\nIn order to answer your question, I was thinking about ten minutes seriously,\nand this is my answer:\n\n**紡ぐ here is a figurative expression to create/make something well\norganized.**\n\nThe railway station was a ghost station without any staff. The tickets seemed\nuseless because there was no staff member to check it. There was no or only\nfew passengers on the trains. The lightning was so poor and dark. Therefore,\nthe dark platform of the train station or the dark train station itself was\n**_not well organized._**\n\nThis is my personal interpretation. Maybe I am wrong.\n\nHope this helps though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T23:16:53.663",
"id": "52243",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T23:16:53.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52230",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> Strange use of 紡がれない in this lyric\n>\n\n>> 紡がれない墨染めホーム 瑠璃の空に消え行くひつじ雲\n\n>\n> (From) the (not being spun?) black platform, (I see) the cloud disappear\n> into the lapis-blue sky.\n\nI can't also find a very good logical sense out of it, but I think the author\ntried to make a word-play while keeping a good rhythm in the words.\n\nThe original meaning of 墨染め is the dyeing/coloring of _**threads**_ or cloth.\nThe author used this word 墨染め figuratively, in other words as metaphor. I\ndon't know if they dye the material before spinning to produce threads, but\nit's close enough as a poem, isn't it?\n\nI see there's 墨染町, 墨染寺, 墨染駅 in Kyoto prefecture, but the lyrics has 砂浜, and\nthese three locations don't face to the ocean, as far as I can see on the\nmap... so, these places seem to be irrelevant, but maybe it's about many\nplaces, and the author might have done the word-play after 墨染駅. I want to\nthink like this because we Japanese sometimes enjoy a word-play by expressing\nthings with double meanings.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T21:02:47.297",
"id": "52276",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T21:02:47.297",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22422",
"parent_id": "52230",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 52230 | 52243 | 52243 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have thought of these translations:\n\n> Ubuntu - ユブンツー (yubuntsuu)\n>\n> Kubuntu - クブンツー (kubuntsuu)\n>\n> Xubuntu - ズブンツー (zubuntsuu)\n>\n> Lubuntu - ルブンツー (rubuntsuu)\n\nI only want the translations for those 4 main derivatives.\n\nAny help is appreciated.\n\nThanks in advance,\n\nBajiru",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T16:04:05.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52231",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T20:41:05.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to translate Ubuntu (and it's derivatives) to Japanese?",
"view_count": 211
} | [
{
"body": "They're called the same in Japanese as in English and all other languages. The\narticles about each distro on Japanese Wikipedia just uses Latin characters,\nlike in English. You can see in the article for\n[Ubuntu](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu) that the way they refer to it\nthroughout the article is \"Ubuntu\".\n\nIf you want to write the names in katakana anyway, you can use the ones given\nin their Wikipedia articles. They are:\n\n * ウブントゥ (Ubuntu),\n * クブントゥ (Kubuntu),\n * ズブントゥ (Xubuntu) and\n * ルブントゥ (Lubuntu).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T20:41:05.373",
"id": "52239",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T20:41:05.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11993",
"parent_id": "52231",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52231 | null | 52239 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52242",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "そいじゃ、あいこのショッショで……\n\nThey're playing the game and it's a tie",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T16:40:52.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52232",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T22:31:40.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does ショッショ mean?",
"view_count": 322
} | [
{
"body": "そいじゃ、あいこのショッショで…… ＝ それでは、「あいこのショッ」でもう一度やりましょう。＝Then, let's do it again (with\nthe re-starting call)\n\n「あいこのショッ（ショ）」は「じゃんけん」の掛け声の一つで、もう一度じゃんけんをするときの掛け声です。\"Aiko no/de sho\" is the re-\nstarting call of \"Rock-paper-scissors.\"\n\nじゃんけんは、「じゃんけんぽん」または「最初はグー、じゃんけんぽん」という掛け声を言って始めます。We start \"rock-paper-\nscissors\" with the starting call, \"rock, paper, scissors!\" or \"one-two-three!\"\n\n「あいこ」はその時のじゃんけんで勝敗が決まらなかった事を意味します。”Aiko\" means that the result was a tie.\n\nその場合に、じゃんけんをやり直しますが、その時の掛け声が、「あいこでしょ」なのです。In that case, we do it again with\nthe re-starting call, \"aiko de sho\" (It's a tie. Okay, let's do it again, one-\ntwo-three!\")\n\nTherefore, そいじゃ、あいこでしょっしょ means \"okay, let's do it again, now!\"\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T22:25:55.357",
"id": "52242",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T22:31:40.800",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-12T22:31:40.800",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52232",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52232 | 52242 | 52242 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52236",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence below, is くれ imperative form of くれる?\n\n契約を守ってくれなくては困る",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T17:10:29.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52233",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T18:41:35.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22126",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "About くれ in 契約を守ってくれなくては困る",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "No. It's the negative-form. Imperative-forms usually end the sentence. To\nunderstand this I'll break the sentence down:\n\n> ...守って/くれ/なく/て/は/困る\n\nLet's remove the parts `なくては困る` to understand what it is.\n\n> 守ってくれる\n\nFrom here we'll add words back to the original. Let's add `ない`. We have to use\nthe negative-form, which happens to be the same as its imperative-form^.\n\n> 守ってくれ ない\n\n`ては` is actually 2 words. Conjunctive particle `て` + binding particle `は`. It\nindicates an assumption that leads to something bad.\n[Dictionary](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF-576591). To add the\nword we have to use the continuous form of ない, which is なく. Now we should be\nsafe to return to the original sentence.\n\n> 契約を守ってくれなくては困る\n\n^ `くれる` is categorized in 下一段活用, but it's odd one out for its imperative-form.\n[Wiktionary\narticle](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8),\nsearch inside the page for `くれる`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T18:41:35.507",
"id": "52236",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T18:41:35.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13662",
"parent_id": "52233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52233 | 52236 | 52236 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52245",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "\" _I studied for about 2 or 3 years._ \" is natural while \" _I studied for\nabout 3 or 2 years._ \" is not. Notice that the time period length sequencing\nis from shortest to longest.\n\nYet, in this audio clip at _www.bbc.com_ the sequencing is longest to shortest\n[How Japanese Police Confront Violence](http://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-\npacific-38534288/wrapping-people-in-futons-how-the-japanese-police-confront-\nviolence) at the 20-second mark you can hear in the background the officer say\n\n警察学校に一年もしくは半年...\n\n(1) it is natural to list lengths of time in reverse numerical order? \n(2) ALSO, notice that he just said \"一年\" instead of \"一年間\" which contradicts my\nunderstanding.\n\nI definitely would have said: \n\"警察学校に半年もしくは一年間...\"\n\nand this is definitely unnatural, correct? Both cannot sound natural?\n\nWhat about \"２、３本ぐらい飲んだ\" vs. \"３、２本ぐらい飲んだ\"? Which is better?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T19:55:05.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52237",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T01:17:02.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22062",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is \"... 半年もしくは一年間 ...\" unnatural?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "I think you are basically correct. 警察学校に半年もしくは一年間 sounds fine as Japanese.\n\nHowever, it depends on the context.\n\nI can understand what the speaker wanted to say. In this case, he said,\n\n> \"Japanese police officers took kendo or judo training course, for basically\n> one year, or for half a year in some exceptional cases.\"\n\nThe majority of police officers took a one-year course. \nA minority of police officers took a half-year course.\n\nHe wanted to say \"one year\" but if he said so, he realized that it would be\ninaccurate about some of the students/police-officer-candidates. So he added\nthe last bit to clarify that there's a half-year course.\n\nThat's how I interpret it.\n\nAbout the 1年/1年間 difference, again you're basically correct. In some or many\ncontexts, however, 1年 can be used for 1年間. I mean, 間 can be abbreviated in\nsome/many cases.\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T22:02:56.720",
"id": "52240",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T01:17:02.467",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T01:17:02.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52237",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I don't think his way of saying 1年もしくは半年 is strange in particular.\n\n * にさん is [a fixed phrase](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/21681/5010) that roughly means \"a few\", and reversing it (さんに) is fairly strange. But 1年もしくは半年 is not using a fixed idiom, and it does not sound as strange as さんに年 or ごし本くらい飲んだ.\n * This is a spoken sentence, which is not as organized as a written article. In speech, you may say something like \"one, ...or maybe a half\", adding \"half\" as an afterthought. His way of speaking is similar.\n\nThis 間 is optional, and it tends to be omitted in speech. Few people say\n10分間待って in speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T23:33:03.660",
"id": "52245",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-12T23:33:03.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52237",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52237 | 52245 | 52245 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52466",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend which are Japanese always says きたー when he did something finished,\nthen I asked him the meaning behind it. He said that it was similar よっす！ that\nkind of expression that you already did something clearly. But again, even my\nfriend are Japanese, and can speak english, sometimes I doubt with his\nexplanation because he always explain it on his own english version (which I\nfound there are many mistaken here and there for word-choice). So what is the\nactual mean of that word?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-12T23:30:22.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52244",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-18T15:46:14.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19128",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What and when to use 「きたー」?",
"view_count": 2683
} | [
{
"body": "きたー would mostly be used, as far as i know, would be either when something is\nfinished being made or something you ordered has arrived. For example you\nordered a pizza delivery with your friend, when it arrives you could say\n\"きた、きた！\" or its here, its here!, \"きたぞう！\" which is more along the lines of \"it\nhas arrived\", or if you're a pretty calm person who doesn't have that much of\na reaction to things, just \"きた。\" would work as well. Hoped that helped!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-18T17:40:08.707",
"id": "52466",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-18T17:40:08.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25468",
"parent_id": "52244",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52244 | 52466 | 52466 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I learn Japanese from many sources including movie or anime. unfortunately\nJapanese often pronounce it different from actual word that make me often\nfailed to find the translation, for example すごい becomes すげえー, でかい becomes\nでけえー, たかい becomes てけえー. so my questions are:\n\n 1. How does this work? Is it that simple just replacing おい、あい to えー？because I think never hear someone saying kawee for かわいい。\n\n 2. Are there any Japanese male versions other than replacing あい、おい to えー OR な vs ね?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T05:02:55.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52248",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-28T19:23:55.287",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-28T18:47:09.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Male speech pronunciation changes for i-adjectives",
"view_count": 562
} | [
{
"body": "I think most Japanese people don’t know why すごい becomes すげえ or でかい becomes\nでけえ, because it's highly specialized knowledge. I don’t know either.\n\nIf you really want to know the system, I recommend you a book on Japanese\nphonetics. Like\n[this](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E9%9F%B3%E5%A3%B0-%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80-2-%E7%AA%AA%E8%96%97-%E6%99%B4%E5%A4%AB/dp/4000066927).\n\nBut... I think it’s not necessary to learn and speak the Japanese language. I\nthink it’s similar to the situation when you’re asked why ‘I want to’ become\n‘I wanna’, isn’t it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-13T11:28:05.920",
"id": "55143",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-28T19:23:55.287",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-28T19:23:55.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "26923",
"parent_id": "52248",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "There are no hard and fast rules, but 'a' and 'o' sounds in い-adjectives are\noften turned into glottal stops, like たかっ、せまっ、はやっ、すごっ、おそっ、etc. Among them,\nsome 'a' sounds are also changed to 'e' sounds, like the すげー in your example,\nor きたねえ etc.\n\nOn the other hand, 'u' sounds are sometimes changed to 'i' sounds. For\nexample, わるいー＞わりー、さむいー＞さみー. Apparently, this can sound a bit girly or\nchildish, but that's open to interpretation. Again, this doesn't apply to all\n'u' sounds. You could use さむっ！ to emphasize the cold too, for example.\n\nIn any given language, there are always words (usually very commonly used\nwords) which adopt unique characteristics that cannot be applied to other\nwords in the same linguistic category. Unfortunately, it's just one of those\nthings you have to learn through experience and use. There may well be\nphonetic constraints on which words can be changed, but I'm not aware of any\nlinguistics papers which have focused on this kind of phonotactic conversion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-12-13T15:05:45.990",
"id": "55149",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-13T15:05:45.990",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "52248",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52248 | null | 55149 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52253",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know how to pronounce and translate 上 in 1, but not sure if it is pronounced\nうえ or じょう in 2 and if it is also translated \"when\". Could someone explain case\n2 please?\n\n> 1. 利用上{りようじょう}の注意{ちゅうい} \n> caution when using\n> 2. **computer name** 上で使用している **account name** の Firefox \n> Firefox **account name** when using **computer name**\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T06:29:54.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52249",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-02T02:02:24.727",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-02T02:02:24.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"readings",
"suffixes",
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "How to pronounce 上 with the meaning of \"when\"?",
"view_count": 624
} | [
{
"body": "We pronounce it `じょう` like in Example 1 because we have `上` without any\nparticle between it and the previous word, and it simply means 'on'.\n\n* * *\n\nIn Example 1, it kind of works if we call it `when`, but in general, [`上` is\nused as a suffix](http://abacus.bates.edu/~kofuji/StudyResources/kanji.html)\nto mean `as a matter of sth`. Its literal meaning is\n\n> Cautions as a matter of usage\n\nor even better, `precautions`. That's what happened in Example 1.\n\nBut you are confusing the order of words in Example 2. This 上 is _not_ the\nsuffix for `使用`, thus the translation `when using` or `as a matter of using`\nis incorrect. \nIt is right after the word **`computer name`**. That's a thing. It should mean\n'on'.\n\nAlso, **`account name`** is a name of somebody, so that `の` works as a case\nparticle for indicating ownership.\n\n> **computer name** 上{じょう}で使用{しよう}している **account name** の Firefox \n> **Account name** 's Firefox running on **computer name**\n\n* * *\n\nEdit: I found out that this phrase can be interpreted 2 ways. The first one is\nshown above. The other is:\n\n> The Firefox running on **account name** on **computer name**\n\nIt's how we interpret the **account name** part. Firefox has a system that\nallows multiple profiles to be made in one installation like chrome does, so\ngrouping `account name の Firefox` makes sense. But if you think of, for\nexample, a school, it is possible that `account name` means your school\naccount and that it can be used to log in to any computer in your school.\nThus, grouping `computer name 上で使用している account name` also makes sense.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T07:14:23.723",
"id": "52253",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T13:37:14.173",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T13:37:14.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "13662",
"owner_user_id": "13662",
"parent_id": "52249",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 52249 | 52253 | 52253 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52259",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It's said that 「さよなら」 can be used when you are parting with someone that you\ndo not expect to meet again, hence the song name\n「[さよならは言わない](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%95%E3%82%88%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%81%AF_%E8%A8%80%E3%82%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)」,\netc.\n\nHowever, it's also not rare that 「さよなら」 is used when you do expect to meet\nsomeone again, perhaps as a more polite form of 「では」 or 「じゃ」?\n\ne.g.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aXYtZ.png)\n↑ from the manga 「東京ラブストーリー」\n\nAnd it seems that you can even respond to 「また明日」 from a classmate with 「さよなら」,\nand of course not to mean \"no, I do not want to see you again\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SRVxS.png)\n↑ from the manga 「クロスゲーム」\n\nIt's also used by a podcaster saying goodbye to his listeners at the end of an\nepisode, again of course not to mean \"sorry this is our last episode\":\n\n[勝手にEnglish Journal](https://kej.squarespace.com/podcast/2017/5/17/201761-)\n(14:02)\n\nSo here comes the questions:\n\n 1. If 「さよ（う）なら」 can be used both when you expect and do not expect to meet someone again, how can the listener know with which meaning you are using it?\n\n 2. It seems to me that 「さよ（う）なら」 is used much more often as a daily parting phrase in some old Japanese films, e.g. those by Ozu Yasujirō. Is 「さよ（う）なら」 nowadays less often used as a daily parting phrase but more as a sign of (voluntary) permanent parting?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T07:01:58.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52250",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T13:29:01.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "「さよ（う）なら」 revisited",
"view_count": 241
} | [
{
"body": "さようなら＝Good bye\n\nIn Japanese, さようなら is a most standard and formal greeting expression when\npeople are leaving. I think it is like \"good-bye\" in English.\n\nIn English, \"sayonara\" has a stronger connotation than in Japanese. It is used\nfor the eternal leaving, right?\n\nIn Japanese, さようなら can be used for someone who will meet again tomorrow, but\nalso someone who will never meet again.\n\nIn English you don't use \"good-bye\" for an informal setting, and you may use\n\"see you,\", \"see you later\", \"bye\" or something else that I can't think of\nnow. In Japan, さようなら is not used for your close friends.\nじゃあね。じゃあな。またね。あばよ。ばいばい。etc can be used instead.\n\nHowever, you should use さようなら to your school teachers, to elder students, to\nelder neighbors, to police officers, to whom you should use polite and formal\ngreetings.\n\nFor a permanent parting, you may use さようなら more often than other expressions\nonly because the formal expression would be preferred to such a permanent\nparting. However, if you want to part from your boyfriend/girlfriend forever,\nyou may not say, さようなら but other expressions such as じゃあね。それでは達者でな。じゃあ、元気でね.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T07:32:57.120",
"id": "52254",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T07:39:30.947",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T07:39:30.947",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52250",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I'm a native speaker of Japanese.\n\n> In Japanese, さようなら is a most standard and formal greeting expression when\n> people are leaving.\n\nYes, it is.\n\n> I think it is like \"good-bye\" in English.\n\nI don't know the nuance of it, but I was taught \"good-bye\" means さようなら at\nschool.\n\nI recalled carefully what I usually said, and I tried speaking it out loud. I\nnoticed that I was speaking relatively fast and lightly with a smile \"さよなら（not\nさようなら）\", \"じゃあ\", \"それでは\" or (\"明日｛あした｝ また\") when I was parting with a person whom\nI would meet soon or next day.\n\nThat means that \"さよなら\" itself has no serious connotation, and I think it is\nrather used than \"さようなら\" as a casual greeting phrase.\n\n> If 「さよ（う）なら」 can be used both when you expect and do not expect to meet\n> someone again, how can the listener know with which meaning you are using\n> it?\n\nIt depends on the tone, the loudness and/or the speed of the voice and the\nexpression of the person to say \"さよ(う)なら\", and more it depends on the\nsituation before saying so. I think this is the same in both English and\nJapanese.\n\n> It seems to me that 「さよ（う）なら」 is used much more often as a daily parting\n> phrase in some old Japanese films, e.g. those by Ozu Yasujirō. Is 「さよ（う）なら」\n> nowadays less often used as a daily parting phrase but more as a sign of\n> (voluntary) permanent parting?\n\n\"さよ(う)なら\" is not completely obsolete. This is usually used as a general phrase\nwithout serious meaning.\n\nTo give \"さよ(う)なら\" a meaning of a sign of permanent parting or the nuance of\nlyrical or poetic expression depends on the context before and after this\nphrase, and also depends on the wording such as \"さようならは聞きたくない\", \"さようならは言わない\"\nor \"サ・ヨ・ナ・ラ\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T13:29:01.580",
"id": "52259",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T13:29:01.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52250",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52250 | 52259 | 52254 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52256",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "鼻から、デロデロ、ビー！\n\nI heard デロデロ is 'soggy' or 'drunk/intoxicated',\n\nso that means something soggy from the nose... Is it a snot?\n\nAnd what is ビー?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T08:52:30.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52255",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T14:50:37.727",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "What does ビー means in this sentence?",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "Yes. I think it's a snot, nasal discharge.\n\nデロデロ means soggy and slimy. It's a kind of onomatopoeic expression.\n\nビー is also an onomatopoeic expression, which means something appears in a rush\nand with a large content.\n\n鼻から、デロデロ、ビー！ means \"A lot of slimy snot is coming from the nose fast and\nfuriously.\"\n\nHope this helps!\n\nedit) There is another interpretation which is more likely:\n\n鼻から、出ろ出ろ、ビー \"Hey, Mr.Snot, you should go out from the nose. Go!\" It is said by\na mother to her child.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7tJFk.jpg)",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T11:02:59.320",
"id": "52256",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T14:50:37.727",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T14:50:37.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52255",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52255 | 52256 | 52256 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52291",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "能う is translated as being able to do something or having capability to do\nsomething. How is its meaning and usage different from できる and potential form\nof a verb?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T13:58:20.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52260",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T04:51:48.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3441",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "What is the difference between できる and 能う?",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "According to RikaiKun app for Chrome, できる is to be up to the task of doing\nsomething, or to be ready or capable, whereas 能う is to be skilled at it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T14:25:54.317",
"id": "52262",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T14:25:54.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25403",
"parent_id": "52260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "能う is an old word. So, it is not common to use this word different from using\nできる commonly.\n\nAnd goo dictionary says\n\n１ 可能の意を表す。なしうる。できる。「行くこと―・わず」「味については議論するに―・わず」\n「危きに臨めば平常なし―・わざる所のものを為し―・う」〈漱石・吾輩は猫である〉\n\nthis means \"being able to do something or having the capability to do\nsomething\".\n\n２ 理にかなう。納得がいく。 「―・はぬことなり。はや出だし奉れ」〈竹取〉\n\nthis means \"it makes sense\".\n\n３ 適する。相当する。 「此れ汝が着る物に―・はず」〈今昔・二三・一八〉\n\nthis means \"it is appropriate\".\n\nHope it helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T14:48:50.500",
"id": "52263",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T14:48:50.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "能う is a word mainly used in classical Japanese and\n[_kanbun_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun). Many native speakers who are\nnot particularly interested in literature grow up without even knowing this\nword until they start to learn classical Japanese at high school.\n\nThe meaning of 能う is \"to be able\", but this was almost always used in its\nnegative form, 能わず, and meant \"not to be able.\" Examples are found\n[here](http://yourei.jp/%E8%83%BD%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9A), although most of them\nare classical sentences. ～こと能わず is the most common form which can appear in\nstiff fantasy novels and such. For example, 見ること能わず roughly means 見えない.\n\nUnless you are a creative writer who needs to simulate old writings, you\nshould not be using this word regularly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T04:51:48.087",
"id": "52291",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T04:51:48.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52260 | 52291 | 52291 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52290",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to [this page](http://gogen-allguide.com/se/setsunai.html) on the\netymology of the word 「切ない」, the 「ない」 in it is not the 「ない」 that means \"there\nis no ...\", but rather an ending that turns the noun 「切」 into an adjective.\n\nOn the other hand, there are many adjectives ending with 「ない」 that does seem\nto mean \"there is no...\", e.g. 「そっけない」、「あどけない」.\n\nThe questions:\n\n 1. Is there any connection between the 「ない」 in 「切ない」 and the 「ない」 that means \"there is no ...\"?\n\n 2. If the answer to 1 is no, are there a whole series of adjectives ending with 「ない」 that acts as an adjective ending? If so, what are the most commonly used among them? How about such words as 「すくない」, 「きたない」, etc.?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T14:10:02.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52261",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T23:27:12.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "About 「ない」 in 「切ない」",
"view_count": 270
} | [
{
"body": "This is like the English prefix _in-_ , which may or may not carry negative\nmeanings. _In-_ in words like _invasive_ or _inherent_ does not have negative\nmeanings, whereas _in-_ in words like _indifferent_ or _insecure_ clearly has\nnegative meanings. [What does _in-_ do in _inflammable_?](https://www.merriam-\nwebster.com/words-at-play/flammable-or-inflammable) We have to remember each\nword and get used to it.\n\n * ない at the end of some adjectives clearly mean _-less_ , _non-_ , etc., and often there are antonyms that end with ある. 心ない means _heartless_ and 心ある means _hearty_.\n * ない at the end of some adjectives do not mean 無い. ない can be just another common word ending of adjectives. 汚い and 少ない are examples of this.\n * In a few cases, adding ない at the end of an adjective does not change the meaning. See [my previous answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/48105/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T04:32:44.673",
"id": "52290",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T23:27:12.010",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T23:27:12.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52261",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52261 | 52290 | 52290 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52297",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just read in a book 暑中休暇 and wondered the difference with the three others,\nbut there is nothing on Google that really explains what the nuance is.\n\nI think 夏休み is like the most general, 暑中休暇 maybe is the most literary (?), and\nI've only seen the others in 新聞s.\n\nAnyway, I'm hoping someone could give me a real explanation on how to use the\nfour words properly, and if there are english equivalents.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T17:03:36.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52265",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T06:17:03.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "夏期休暇 夏季休暇 暑中休暇 夏休み",
"view_count": 60
} | [
{
"body": "* 夏季休暇 and 夏期休暇 are both common and sound formal. The difference between 夏季 and 夏期 is often not important, but since the kanji 季 means _season_ and the kanji 期 means _period_ , 夏季 tends to be used when the hot climate is important. See: [夏季休暇？ 夏期休暇？](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/063.html)\n * 夏休み is another very common word, and is relatively colloquial. 夏休み is the default word at elementary school, and it's also common among adults in casual speech.\n * 暑中休暇 is instantly understandable, but uncommon as a set phrase. Maybe some companies are using this term.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T06:17:03.103",
"id": "52297",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T06:17:03.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52265",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52265 | 52297 | 52297 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52289",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Below are two excerpts from the short novel\n「[タクシーに乗った吸血鬼](http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm17173268)」 by Murakami Haruki:\n\nその一\n\n> 「でもね、本当に吸血鬼がいたらどうします？」\n>\n> 「参っちゃうだろうね」\n>\n> 「それだけですか？」\n>\n> 「いけないかな？」\n>\n> 「いけないですよ。信念というのはもっと崇高なもんです。山 **が** あると思えば山 **が** ある、山 **が** ないと思えば山 **は**\n> ない」\n\nその二\n\n> 「お客さん、信じてませんね？」\n>\n> 「ん？」\n>\n> 「私が吸血鬼だって……信じてないでしょう？」\n>\n> 「もちろん信じてるよ」とあわてて僕は言った。「山 **が** あると思えば、山 **は** ある」\n\nThe questions:\n\n 1. I read [the post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1077/why-is-the-topic-marker-often-used-in-negative-statements-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%af%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84-%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%a8%e3%81%af%e6%80%9d%e3%82%8f%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84) on the topic marker used in negative statements (as a contrast marker), but I can not see what the mountain in excerpt 1 is contrasted with. Is it contrasted with **the** mountain that turns into being when you believe there **is** a mountain? Or is it contrasted with **anything** else that does exist? Is it really contrasted with anything at all?\n 2. I have no idea why 「は」, instead of 「が」, is used in the second occurence of 「山があると思えば山（ **は/が** ）ある」 in excerpt 2.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T17:21:19.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52266",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T23:46:15.850",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "Yet another question on 「は」 and 「が」",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "I would say that in the first instance the ideas being contrasted are the\n**effect** of belief: ie., _whether_ you think there's a mountain or not. So,\nthe idea expressed by 山はない is contrasting against idea in 山がある.\n\nNormally what we think about things (like mountains or vampires) does not\neffect whether or not there is indeed a mountain (or vampire). If I were to\ntry to capture this in English, I would write it something like,\n\n> If you think there's a mountain, then there's a mountain. If you think there\n> isn't a mountain, then there's _no_ mountain.\n\nIn the second instance, I would say this is an instance of _emphasizing_ the\nmountain. It would be almost like saying,\n\n> If you think there's a mountain, then **indeed** there's a mountain.\n\nGranted, there's no word in the Japanese that corresponds to the word,\n\"indeed\". But the feeling created by は here (particularly because it says\nもちろん信じてるよ」と **あわてて** 僕は言った) is that of emphasizing the consequence of the\nbelief.\n\nSince I haven't read the story, my guess about what's being said is that if\nyou believe there's a vampire there, well, in effect, there is (because you're\ngoing to act accordingly). If you don't believe there's a vampire there, then\nthere isn't (again in terms of how you act).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T17:30:43.830",
"id": "52268",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T17:36:05.763",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T17:36:05.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "As for why it says 山はない in the first example\n\nSince は is attached to 山, instead of 山がありは（しない）, it doesn't stand for contrast\nbetween being and not being. In addition, the prior information is the same 山.\nSo, it's not really reasonable to think that it contrasts with something. In\nthis regard, you could explain that it sets a new secondary topic under the\nprimary 信念というもの. But it's more straightforward to say that it simply agrees\nwith the negative predicate. This is kind of a conventional usage and doesn't\nhave particular reasons. You could even say it's because it's familiar with\nyour mouth.\n\n**Edit:** There's a room to interpret that the second 山 is recognized as an\nold information that corresponds with the first 山, that is, \"If you believe,\nyou get **a mountain**. If you don't, **the mountain** goes away\".\n\nAs for why it says 山はある in the second example\n\nAs you say, 山がある would be just natural here because it's a consequence after\nthe conditional clause, which functions as a topic in a sentence. You don't\nhave to topicalize it. However, if you nevertheless do it, it conveys an\neffect to make listeners wonder what will happen to 山 then when it's presented\nas a new topic, and bring the consequence a bit delayed, which is so to speak\na nuance of \"after all\" or \"indeed\" as A.Ellett says.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T04:27:11.967",
"id": "52289",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T23:46:15.850",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T23:46:15.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "52266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> > 「山 **が** あると思えば山 **が** ある、山 **が** ないと思えば山 **は** ない」\n>\n> Is it contrasted with the mountain that turns into being when you believe\n> there is a mountain? Or is it contrasted with anything else that does exist?\n> Is it really contrasted with anything at all?\n>\n\n>> 「山 **が** あると思えば、山 **は** ある」\n\n>\n> I have no idea why 「は」, instead of 「が」, is used in the second occurence of\n> 「山があると思えば山（は/が）ある」 in excerpt 2.\n\nIn your examples, が can be replaced with は no problem. Just it will sound more\ngeneric and lose the realistic feeling が can create, but it will get a broad\nfeel to it instead.\n\nHowever, if you replace these は of each sentence with が, it will assume quite\na different tone; it will sound very much like the mountain has actually\ndisappeared or appeared!!\n\nDo you see, in each sentence, は is the one that is indicating the subject of\nthe whole sentence while が is marking the subject in the modifying clause?\n\nBoth は and が have the role of indicating the theme/topic/subject of the\npredicate, but in Japanese, as you might already know, they are not\nnecessarily the action maker. The difference between them is that **は** is\ngood for a _**general idea**_ while **が** is good at introducing a\n_**happening**_.\n\nThere's several subject markers (係助詞｛かかりじょし｝) in Japanese, but for us native\nspeakers, は is the most prominent of them. On the other hand, が is defined as\nthe case marker (格助詞｛かくじょし｝). So to speak, は is bigger than が.\n\nAs user4092 says, が introduces the second theme because it's good at working\nin a subordinate clause. I can't generalize anything here, but I think we can,\nmost of the time, add something with は such as 今回は, or 今日は or そこには etc. when\nwe have a sentence which starts with XXが.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T19:26:04.533",
"id": "52322",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T19:26:04.533",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22422",
"parent_id": "52266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52266 | 52289 | 52268 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52288",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "everybody! In these days I'm practing my japanese studying some anime's\ndialogues, in particular Little Witch Academia's. In general, it's pretty\nsimple but I found two sentences in the first episode that for me are not\nclear at all, and so I hope you can help me.\n\nThe first sentence is this:\n\n> \"ていうか、夢以上の宿命?\".\n\nThe complete sentence is:\"六才の時にシャイニィシャリオの魔法ショーをみてから,魔女になるのが夢だった！ていうか、夢以上の宿命?\"\n\nThe first part is clear: \"After I saw a magical show of Shiny Chariot when I\nwas six years old, be a witch became my dream!\".\n\nていうか = In other words; or better say, etc: also this is clear.\n\nIs \"夢以上の宿命?\" that bothers me: what does it mean? Maybe something like \"Or\nperhaps I should say that is my destiny?\" ?\n\nThe second sentence is as follows:\n\n> \"近頃学校が経営難で、魔女家系でなくても入れないとやっていけないとか .\n\nI think that is something like \"Since the school is in financial difficulties,\nit seems that can't keep going without accepting no witch-blood girls\", but I\ncan't figure out what is that \"でなくても\"... What is it? Also in this case, I hope\nin your support.\n\nThank you for attention and thank you in advance to all those who will help\nme. ^__^",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T17:24:58.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52267",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T04:06:40.630",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T17:30:18.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "25405",
"owner_user_id": "25405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "夢以上の宿命 and -でなくても: what they mean?",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "I just watched this episode too, haha! Here is what I think:\n\n1) I would translate 夢以上の宿命? as something like \"Or more than a dream...\ndestiny?\"\n\n2) I think there's like 1,000 negatives in this sentence. でなく is an inflection\nof だ, basically meaning ない. So 魔女家系 meaning \"witch lineage,\" 魔女家系でなくても means\n\"not having witch lineage.\" So 魔女家系でなくても入れない means \"not letting in those\nwithout witch lineage\". Then やっていけない meaning \"wrong/no good/of no use,\" so\nputting the whole thing together\n\n魔女家系でなくても入れないとやっていけない\n\nmeans basically \"they can't not let in people without witch lineage\" (or, more\ngracefully) \"they have to let in people without witch lineage\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T23:41:23.120",
"id": "52281",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T23:41:23.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25408",
"parent_id": "52267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> ていうか、夢以上の宿命?\n\nThis probably is \"Or rather, it's more than (just) a dream, (it's my) destiny\n(to be a witch).\" I'm only 80% certain without further contexts.\n\n> 近頃学校が経営難で、魔女家系でなくても入れないとやっていけないとか。\n\nI would translate it rather literally as \"I heard the school is in financial\ndifficulties, and it can't keep going if it doesn't accept girls even though\nthey are not witch-blooded.\"\n\n * ～で(は)ない: \"is not ～\"\n * ～で(は)なくても: = ～じゃなくても. \"even though _< omitted subject>_ is not ～\"\n * 魔女家系でなくても: \"even though _< omitted subject>_ is not witch-blooded\"\n * 入れる【いれる】: \"to accept students\" in this context\n * やっていく: \"to make a living\", \"to keep going\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T04:06:40.630",
"id": "52288",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T04:06:40.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52267 | 52288 | 52288 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52293",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From an\n[article](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011086301000/k10011086301000.html)\nwritten on the 7th of the month:\n\n> 東京から日本のほかの場所に向かう「下り」の飛行機は、１１日が特に混み **そう**\n> です。東京に向かう「上り」の飛行機は、１５日〜１６日と１９日〜２０日が混み **そう** です。 \n> For planes heading from Tokyo to other places in Japan, the 11th will seem\n> particularly crowded. For planes heading towards Tokyo, the 15th to 16th and\n> 19th to 20th will seem crowded.\n\nI'm confused by the nuance that そう is adding to these sentences. I'm assuming\nthese are guesses based on previous years' flight statistics, so I would have\nexpected something like はず or よう to be used instead.\n\nCould you please provide some explanation as to why そう is the best choice, and\nwhether はず or よう would also be appropriate here?\n\nMy understanding is that 混みそうです means that when I look around I will have a\nfeeling that it is crowded (\"It will seem crowded\"). Whereas 混むようです means that\nbased on evidence I predict it will be crowded (\"It seems that it will be\ncrowded\"). Could you please confirm or correct my error in understanding?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T17:45:22.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52269",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T23:54:57.410",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T06:41:05.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Choosing between そうだ, ようだ and はずだ",
"view_count": 2536
} | [
{
"body": "At [this\nlink](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/teach/tsushin/grammar/201103.html)\nyou can find a very good explanation, but it's only in Japanese.\n\nLet me take out of that site the picture below and give a quick explanation.\nFirst of all we can divide all the ways to express a judgement in three\ngroups:\n\n 1. と思う、だろう、だろうと思う、かもしれない、にちがいない.\n 2. そうだ（様態｛ようたい｝)、ようだ、らしい、そうだ(伝聞｛でんぶん｝）.\n 3. はずだ、わけだ.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KKI6a.png)\n\nThis image belongs to Japan foundation: **「Copyright Japan Foundation」**\n\nBasically the main difference is the degree of dependence that the speaker has\non the information. As you go from group 1 to 3, the degree of dependence on\nthe information increases. On the other hand, if you go from 3 to 1, there is\nan increase in subjectivity on the judgment. That is, the speaker's subjective\njudgement becomes stronger than the information. So not surprisingly this is\nbasically saying that the judgment is either objective or subjective depending\non whether the judgment itself is stronger than the dependence on the\ninformation or the other way around. I realize this is probably more confusing\nthan helpful so let's look at some concrete examples as well:\n\nSuppose you come back home and find the house messed up (open drawers, a\nflower bin dipped over on the table etc). What would you say?\n\n * 泥棒に入られたかもしれない。 \n * 泥棒に入られたにちがいない。\n\nThese are from group 1: you think thieves came into your house but you don't\nhave enough confidence to state that clearly.\n\n * 泥棒に入られたようだ。\n * 泥棒に入られたらしい。\n\nThese are from group 2: your confidence that actually thieves broke into your\nhouse is somewhat getting stronger. For example you noticed that jewels and\nmoney are gone, and with this added information your imagination gets close to\nconviction.\n\nSuppose you also casually look at the window and notice that the glass is\nbroken. Then you have no doubt someone broke into your house and you would use\none from group 3 such as:\n\n * 窓が割れている。そうか、あそこから泥棒に入られたわけだ。\n\nThe article also goes on with another interesting example which I suggest you\nread. If you do not understand it or feel this answer is still not clear\nenough, please let me know and I will expand it.\n\n**EDIT:** I got carried away with the general answer and forgot to mention\nyour specific case. Another common use of そう is when reporting not first-hand\ninformation but rather something that was heard from a friend or the news. So\nin the case of your plane そう is most likely used to indicate that such\ninformation is coming from some other source (as it seems to be if as you say\nthey're likely to come from past statistics etc) rather than a direct\nobservation. However... if this was the case the construction would be \"verb\n(dictionary form) + そう\" so it would be 混むそう. 混みそう indeed makes us think of\nsome impression of something that \"looks crowded\". Where is this sentence\ncoming from? Could it be a typo and it should actually be 混むそう instead of\n混みそう? I realize now my answer might be off. Please leave a comment and if it\ndoesn't help or it's too off I'll remove it.\n\n**EDIT 2** : So, I would say it this way. Suppose who wrote the news is\nfamiliar with the information he/she is delivering (which makes sense). In\nthis case 混みそう is not wrong and I think it is a good choice because it\nexpresses, also according to\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/16312/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-and-%E3%82%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99)\nanswer, a lower degree of certainty than ようだ. Besides, to the extent of my\nknowledge ようだ expresses a speaker's subjective conjecture based on information\nobtained through his/her sensory organs (hear, smell, touch etc). Not sure how\nthis is related in this specific case but also it seems that そう involves a big\ndegree of concern on the speaker's side while in the case of よう such degree is\nlower. See for example see\n[this](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/teach/tsushin/grammar/201012.html)\npage as well. Anyway, putting all these together makes me feel 混みそう is the\nright choice here. About はず, I think it just doesn't work here, maybe it would\nsound as \"it should be crowded (according to my (the writer's) subjective\nfeeling rather than objective data).",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T05:30:11.143",
"id": "52293",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T23:54:57.410",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T23:54:57.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "52269",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Please bear with me, I am unsure it meets your expectation.\n\nProbably you know this\n\n「そうです①」は動きや変化を表わす動詞につくと、そのような動き・変化が起きる兆候があることを表わします。\n\nIt means that if ”そうです” is accompanied with the verb which expresses movement\nor change, there is the sign of such movement or change is going to happen.\n\nFrom my understanding of English, it indicates future tense in English.\n\n\"going to\" sections of English grammar book(Practical English Usage by Michael\nSwan) explains that one of it is used as things that are on the way: She's\ngoing to have a baby.\n\nFor example,\n\nSandra's going to have another baby in June.: サンドラは六月にもう一人赤ちゃんを産みそうです。\n\nLook at the sky. It's going to rain.: 空を見なよ。雨が降りそうだ。\n\nTherefore I deduce, \"１１日が特に混みそうです。\" means It's going to be crowded on 11th.\n\nBecause the writer possibly has been checking this year's flight schedule well\nand that day's flight has already been booked a lot.\n\n**Edit1** I found you had hyperlinked to NHK news-site. So, I found the\ngrammatical reason of using \"そう\" from the following sentence:\n\n\"\n８月中旬は、夏休みでふるさとに帰ったり遊びに行ったりする人が多なります。このため、飛行機や新幹線や高速道路が混みます。今年は、飛行機と新幹線の予約が去年より１０％ぐらい多くなっています。\"\n\npick up this\n\n\"今年は、飛行機と新幹線の予約が去年より１０％ぐらい多くなっています。\"\n\nIt means\n\nThis year, the number of reservations of the flight and Shinkansen is greater\nthan last year by approximately 10%.\n\nTherefore NHK says they have been checking this year's reservations and that's\nwhy they are using \"混みそう”.\n\nHope it helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T22:02:44.837",
"id": "52324",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T22:02:44.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52269",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 52269 | 52293 | 52293 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52277",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> れれっ？ 本当にないっすか？ んー、おっかしいなぁー\n\nIt's a conversation from video game, one of the characters is surprised by the\nanswer of his companion.\n\nMy guess it's something like \"Huuuh? Not really? Hmmm, strangelyyy\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T18:18:44.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52270",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T04:10:12.663",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T04:10:12.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"slang",
"interjections"
],
"title": "What does れれっ mean?",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "It sounds like an intentionally odd or silly rendering of あれれ？, which is\nitself a mildly exaggerated version of あれ(っ)？, a normal expression of\nsurprise.\n\nYour guess about this is correct.\n\nThe rest of your guess is actually a bit less so - 本当にないっすか is 'is it really\nnot there?', and おかしいなー is closer to 'that's strange' (it's not an adverb).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T22:08:15.933",
"id": "52277",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T22:08:15.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "52270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52270 | 52277 | 52277 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52275",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Regarding young people who don't know the date of the end of the pacific war:\n\n> 中学校や高校の歴史の授業は、太平洋戦争を教える前に **終わってしまうこと** が多いため、知らない人が増えているのだと思います。 \n> I think the number of people who don't know (the date) is increasing\n> because _there are many things that will finish_ before middle school and\n> high school history classes teach about the war.\n\nI can't make any sense out of the part in bold. What is coming to and end?\nWhat does こと refer to?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T18:50:21.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52271",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T20:26:31.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Unusual meaning of 終わる or just a parsing failure?",
"view_count": 86
} | [
{
"body": "Parse it like this:\n\n * 中学校や高校の歴史の授業は、: middle and high school lessons in history: TOPIC\n * 太平洋戦争を教える : teaching the pacific war\n * 前に : before\n * 終わってしまう : end\n * ことが多いため、: it often happens that CAUSE\n * 知らない人が増えている : people who don't know are increasing\n * のだと思います。: I think\n\nRead to TOPIC, then read the CAUSE in reverse order, then the remainder in\nreverse order.\n\n * Because middle and high school lessons in history often end before teaching the pacific war, I think people who don't know are increasing.\n\nことが多い : This is a very common expression for things (abstract こと things, not\nもの concrete things) happening a lot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T19:20:24.373",
"id": "52273",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T19:20:24.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7717",
"parent_id": "52271",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "You're off to a good start. There are just a couple of things. I know you said\nthat this sentence was in a context of students not knowing the date for the\nend of the Pacific War. However, just looking at this one sentence outside of\nthat context, I would construe it rather differently.\n\nThe core of the sentence is\n\n> 知らない人が増えている \n> There are _more and more people_ who are uninformed.\n\nHere \"more and more people\" is my way of handling \"人が増えている\".\n\nThe speaker wants us to know that this is their opinion, so they add\n\n> ...のだと思います \n> I think it is the case that ...\n\nJust putting these two parts together, we get\n\n> 知らない人が増えているのだと思います \n> I think it's the case that there are more and more people who are\n> uninformed.\n\nSo, we could ask the question, \"why does the speaker have this opinion?\" Well,\nthey told us already, that's the part of the sentence that precedes ため.\nNamely,\n\n> 中学校や高校の歴史の授業は、太平洋戦争を教える前に終わってしまうことが多い\n\nHere is where is seems you got a bit more stuck about what's happening in the\nsentence. This portion of the sentence can be broken down into four parts.\n\n> ことが多い \n> [Something happens] a lot.\n\nWhat happens a lot?\n\n> [何か]が終わってしまう \n> [something] _unfortunately_ comes to an end\n\nI'm using \"unfortunately\" here to get across the idea communicated by てしまう. I\nonly know to do that because of the larger context of the meaning.\n\nThe something here is\n\n> 中学校や高校の歴史の授業 \n> Middle school and high school history classes\n\nPutting these three things together gives us\n\n> 中学校や高校の歴史の授業が終わってしまことが多い \n> Middle school and high school history classes unfortunately _frequently_\n> come to an end\n\nNotice that I use \"frequently\" to get across the idea of ことが多い.\n\nNow the final part, why is this a concern? The context you were talking about\nwas regarding students not knowing certain dates. So, the final piece of the\npuzzle is\n\n> 太平洋戦争を教える前に \n> before they teach about the Pacific War\n\nSo, putting this forth piece together with the three previous pieces, we get\n\n> 中学校や高校の歴史の授業は、太平洋戦争を教える前に終わってしまうことが多い \n> Middle school and high school history classes unforunately frequently come\n> to an end before they teach about the Pacific War\n\nNow putting it all together, you get\n\n> I think that there are more and more people who are uninformed [about the\n> Pacific War] because middle school and high school history classes\n> unforunately frequently come to an end before the Pacific War gets taught**.\n\nTechnically, there's no passive construction in the sentence, but I'm just\ntrying to render the last part a bit more smoothly into English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T20:20:58.413",
"id": "52275",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-13T20:26:31.573",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T20:26:31.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52271",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52271 | 52275 | 52273 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52295",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "1. My dictionary gives many meanings for 今度, they include \"this time\" as well as \"next time\". How can it mean both? Since it is 今 in it, shouldn't it only mean \"this time\"?\n\n 2. Also, I am confused between 今回 and 今度. The dictionary says that both translate to this time. What is the difference between them? I really can't get my head around this.\n\n 3. Finally, is this correct:\n\nlast time: 先度、先回 - dictionary gives different meaning for both\n\nthis time: 今度、今回 - dictionary gives similar meaning for both\n\nnext time: 来度、来回 - don't exist in dictionary? I wonder why",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T19:19:27.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52272",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T09:59:55.920",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-04T03:13:40.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3441",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Does 今度 mean \"this time\" or \"next time\"?",
"view_count": 14469
} | [
{
"body": "1) Yes, can be both. I think that is so because of 今 meaning itself: \" **now**\n; the present time; just now; **soon** ; immediately; **one more** \"\n\nI dunno about 2) and 3), sorry. But on the net I found this answer:\n\n\"今回 stands for the near future or this time. For example, “We are going to\nwatch ‘Mononoke Princess’ in Japanese this time(今回).”\n\n今度 stands for the next time, but you sometimes you don’t know when it’s going\nto happen. “I would like to visit friends in Hawaii next\ntime(今度).”([Source](http://lang-8.com/568038/journals/307671687775623435202158166189771181776))\n\nAnd this:\n\n\"「今回」は今からすぐ来る機会のことを指します。例えば、「今回はあいさつを勉強しましょう。」とか「今回はゆるしてあげます。」など。「今度」は少し時間が経った後の機会を指します。例えば「今度はフランスへ行きたい。」など。\"\n([Source](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/23803))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T19:34:42.363",
"id": "52274",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T09:59:55.920",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-22T09:59:55.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "30123",
"owner_user_id": "25405",
"parent_id": "52272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> Does 今度 mean “this time” or “next time”?\n\nIt is very annoying but it has both meanings. How do you use it or interpret\nit?\n\nI think an answer in italki gives the best answer to OP's question.\n\nI found [a good explanation](https://www.italki.com/question/85715?hl=ja) in\nit as:\n\n> 「今度」のかかっている部分が過去・現在のことなら「このたび」、未来のことなら「この次」になります。最終的には文脈で判断するしかありません。 \n> _If the part of a sentence qualified by \"今度\" describes the past or present,\n> \"今度\" means \"this time\", and if the part is about the future, \"今度\" will be\n> \"next time\". Ultimately there is no choice but to judge in the context not\n> by \"今度\" itself._\n\nLet's examine the rightness with example sentences.\n\n * 今度はフランスへ **行きたい** 。 \n\"行きたい\" is about the future, so 今度 means \"next time\".\n\n * 今度 **会｛あ｝う時｛とき｝** はもっときれいな服｛ふく｝で来｛き｝ます。 \n\"会う時\" is about the future, so 今度 means \"next time\".\n\n * 今度の試験｛しけん｝は **難｛むずか｝しかった** 。 \n\"難しかった\" is about the past, so 今度 means \"this time\".\n\n * 今度の事件{じけん}は **難しい** なあ。 \n\"難しい\" is about the present, so 今度 means \"this time\".\n\n> Also, I am confused between 今回 and 今度. The dictionary says that both\n> translate to this time. What is the difference between them? I really can't\n> get my head around this.\n\n今回 is always \"this time\". As for 今度, I said above.\n\n> Finally, is this correct: \n> last time: 先度、 先回 - dictionary gives different meaning for both \n> this time: 今度、 今回 - dictionary gives similar meaning for both \n> next time: 来度、 来回 - don't exist in dictionary? I wonder why\n\nCorrect usages are:\n\n> last time: 前回、 ×先度、 ×先回 (I'll give a further explanaton below.) \n> this time: 今回、 **今度** 、このたび/この度{たび} \n> next time: 次回、 **今度** 、×来度、×来回\n\n * As for 先回, some Japanese might say it is correct, because this word in two _kanji_ s is pronounced as \"せんかい\" and we Japanese agree that the sound of \"せんかい\" means \"last time\", and more 先 is used as in 先月 _last month_ , 先週 _last week_ or 先日 _the other day_ (not _yesterday_ ). \n**But** , I judge 先回 written in _kanji_ s is incorrect. Though every Japanese\nagree that the sound of \"せんかい\" means \"last time\", but they might get confused\nhow it should be written in _kanji_ s. I would write the sound of \"せんかい\"\nmeaning \"last time\" as 前回 not as 先回, and I would pronouce it 前回{せんかい}, but\nmany readers may pronounce it as 前回{ぜんかい}. \nI don't know why, but what I write here is a true fact. There are a lot of\nquestions and answers about 先回 on the Internet. \nBy the way, there is not 先回 as a headword in the 漢和辞典 _a dictionary of kanji\nword explained in Japanese_ at hand.\n\n * このたび or この度｛たび｝ means \"this time\", and they are more polite and formal than 今回 or 今度 (when the meaning is _this time_ ). \n\n * I don't know why 来度 and 来回 are not Japanese words while 来年 _next year_ and 来月 _next month_ are natural Japanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T05:56:29.487",
"id": "52295",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T14:56:26.303",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T14:56:26.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
]
| 52272 | 52295 | 52295 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "大好き ( _daisuki_ ): Simply 大 ( _dai_ , meaning \"big, great\") added to 好き (\n_suki_ ), which is normally either an adjective (\"liked, favorite\") or a noun\n(\"fondness, favor\") but is also idiomatically used in a verb-like capacity to\nmean \"(I) like (you)\"; in the case of adjectival use, it would be followed by\nan appropiate particle to denote its grammatical position (most commonly な\n_na_ ). Typically, 大好き would be translated into English as \"love\".\n\nBut how is one supposed to translate a phrase where 大好き is used as a modifier\nto a noun that comes **after** said modifier (i.e. the order is \"modifier-\nnoun\"), with no particles whatsoever? Or more specifically, a person's name?\n\nFor the specific example that brought me to consider this issue, I've recently\nencountered a Japanese comic with the title 大好きモーさん _Daisuki Mō-san_ ; with\nthe premise being about how the eponymous \"Mō-san\" is in love with someone but\ndoes not have the courage to confess on the one hand, and a typical lack of\nany indication whether said someone reciprocates Mō-san's feelings on the\nother hand, it seemed to me that the title should be translated as \"Mō-san in\nLove\" or something to that effect. However, a few other people that I know\nargued that the title's structure is grammatically ambiguous enough that\n\"Beloved Mō-san\" is an equally valid translation. It is out of my confusion at\nthe logic behind this alternate choice of translation that I come here to seek\nclarity about the issue.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T22:34:10.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52278",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T09:55:16.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20306",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How to translate 大好き as a noun/name modifier",
"view_count": 209
} | [
{
"body": "I would translate the title as\n\n> 大好きモーさん \n> Mo-san who we love\n\nOr in a bit more colloquial English,\n\n> The Mo-san we all love\n\nIf I wanted to say something about Mo-san loving someone else, let's say Ms.\nTanaka, then I'd write\n\n> 田中さんが大好きモーさん \n> Mo-san who loves Ms Tanaka\n\n## Afterthoughts\n\nAfter some back and forth with @Sjiveru , I'm very torn about something here.\nJapanese grammar essentially wants to put a な between 大好き and モーさん. Obviously,\nthere's something that works for a title of manga in 大好きモーさん. I wondered, and\nnow Sjiveru makes me question even more, whether 田中が大好きモーさん parses well in\nJapanese at all. Grammar wants the な in there, so it may not even work as a\ntitle either.",
"comment_count": 15,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T22:42:06.617",
"id": "52279",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T00:54:10.287",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T00:54:10.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52278",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Also to me sounds like \"The beloved Mō-san\", or \"Mō-san who we/I love\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T09:55:16.537",
"id": "52309",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T09:55:16.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25405",
"parent_id": "52278",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 52278 | null | 52279 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52283",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble translating this sentence (from the manga Banana Fish, if\nanyone knows that awesome series):\n\nもしオレにあったとしても… オレはそんなものほしいと思ったことは1度だってない！！\n\nThe part I'm having trouble with is オレにあった, I can't figure out which verb あった\nis supposed to be/what it means...\n\nAs for the second part, I think it means something like \"I've never wanted\nsomething like that, not even once\"--but if I'm wrong please correct!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-13T23:28:08.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52280",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T01:23:19.617",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-13T23:41:48.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "25408",
"owner_user_id": "25408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Help translating a sentence with オレにあった",
"view_count": 175
} | [
{
"body": "あった is the past tense form of the verb ある (有る), literally \"exists\".\n\n「(Somethingが)オレにある」 literally means \"(Something) exists in me\", \"There is\n(something) in me\", i.e. \"I have (something)\".\n\n「（もし）～～としても」 expresses _hypothetical condition_. \"Even if~~\"\n\nSo 「(～～が)オレにあったとしても」 means \"even if I had ~~\".\n\nAnd according to [this page](http://tweez.net/bananafish_bot/?p=3), the whole\nsentence goes:\n\n> 才能なんて――そんなもの…もしオレにあったとしても…オレはそんなものほしいと思ったことは1度だってない!!\n\nThe first half literally says \"Talent... even if I had a thing like that...\" \n→ \"Even if I had a talent, ...\" \"Even if I was talented, ...\"\n\n> As for the second part, I think it means something like \"I've never wanted\n> something like that, not even once\"--but if I'm wrong please correct!\n\nYou're correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T01:07:27.573",
"id": "52283",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T01:23:19.617",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T01:23:19.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "52280",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52280 | 52283 | 52283 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52285",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know what んです and its inflections mean, however, I've seen some set\nexpressions such as そうなんです use exclusive なんです, I've never seen そうんです. \nDo both なんです and んです mean the same? If so, is there some sort of rule\ngoverning when to use one or the other? \nCould I replace のなんです with んです in the following sentence?\n\n> この包丁．．．有名な刀匠が作ったものなんです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T01:19:41.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52284",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T14:15:05.070",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T03:40:44.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25409",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"copula",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Is なんです the same as んです?",
"view_count": 11325
} | [
{
"body": "I think you have a few things mixed up.\n\nLet's start with んです. This is not just one thing. It's two: ん＋です where ん is\njust short for the nominalizer の. Generally, this may be untranslatable when\nyou try to bring it back into English. But, in Japanese it's serving to give\nsome kind of explanation for why you did something, think something, or why\nsomething happened. As a nominalizer, nouns, adjectives, etc have to be\nproperly inflected before it.\n\nIf you wanted to say, \"It's a dog\", then you could say\n\n> 犬です\n\nThat would be formal. Informally, it would be:\n\n> 犬だ\n\nBut let's assume that someone questioned you about something and you're trying\nto explain yourself. Then you would possibly use the んです construction and say\n\n> 犬なんです \n> It's a dog.\n\nHere な is the form that the copula だ takes before a noun it's _modifying_.\n\nWhen you're saying something like\n\n> そうなんです\n\nThis breaks into three parts:\n\n> そうな ＋ ん ＋ です\n\nwhere そうな is the form that そうだ takes as a relative clause. Put another way\n\n> そうなんです ＝ そうなのです\n\nA more literal translation of this would be\n\n> It's the case that it is thus.\n\nそうんです is just ungrammatical.\n\nなんです and んです are not at all the same thing. Neither are really complete\nsentences. The first parses as\n\n> な ＋ ん ＋ です \n> [copula] + nominalizer + copula(formal)\n\nThe second parses just as\n\n> んです \n> nominalizer + copula(formal)\n\nwhich doesn't make a whole lot of sense on it's own like that.\n\nNow consider your example\n\n> この包丁．．．有名な刀匠が作ったものなんです。\n\nThis is really a sentence followed by the nominalizer の acting as providing an\ninformal reason for something about to be said or already discussed.\n\nThe sentence is\n\n> この包丁は有名な刀匠が作ったものです\n\nTo nominalize it you can think of it going through the following steps\n\n> この包丁は有名な刀匠が作ったものです ＋ の ＋ です\n\nchange the first formal です to its informal form だ\n\n> この包丁は有名な刀匠が作ったものだ ＋ の ＋ です\n\nchange だ to the form it must take in a relative clause, な\n\n> この包丁は有名な刀匠が作ったものな ＋ の ＋ です\n\ncontract の to ん\n\n> この包丁は有名な刀匠が作ったものな ＋ ん ＋ です",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T01:48:33.953",
"id": "52285",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T02:07:01.767",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T02:07:01.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 19
},
{
"body": "Also most adjectives that end with い end in ん Example: 優しいんです、作っていきたいんです\n\nEverything else (non い) なんです\n\nIt seems there are exceptions like 得意(とくい) but that is still なん so it takes\nsome getting used to\n\n静かなんです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T08:59:35.780",
"id": "82709",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T09:07:36.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-20T09:07:36.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "40958",
"owner_user_id": "40958",
"parent_id": "52284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Explained as simply as possible, you need な after a noun or a な adjective to\nconnect it to んです. い adjective or verb + んです is the same as な adjective or\nnoun + なんです.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T14:15:05.070",
"id": "82713",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T14:15:05.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30977",
"parent_id": "52284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52284 | 52285 | 52285 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have the following sentence I'm trying to translate: \n暗く打ち寄せる波の下には、血に飢えた神々が目を **覚まさんとしていた** ……。 \nI tried translating the sentence as follows: \nSurging from the dark waves, bloodthirsty gods **were trying to awaken**. \nI'm not entirely sure if my translation suffices, so I would appreciate any\nhelp regarding that, however, my main concern is the way the verb 覚ます is\nconjugated, I had never seen such a construction. Is it translated as _to try\nto_ or something similar? and what is it called?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T02:20:11.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52286",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T02:20:11.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25409",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What kind of construction is 覚まさんとしていた?",
"view_count": 29
} | []
| 52286 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52294",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The phrase in question comes from 「カタカナ英語と和製英語：最近の傾向を中心として」からの抜粋. The text\ndescribes words in Japanese that appear similar to English words and are\nwritten in katakana. I am having trouble understanding this:\n\n> マイブーム(英語{えいご}で言{い}えば「私{わたし}のにわか景気{けいき}」の意{い}。\n\nWhat specifically does 私のにわか景気 mean? It sounds like _My unexpected condition_.\nBut that seems like a strange translation.\n\nAny help?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T05:23:01.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52292",
"last_activity_date": "2017-12-17T15:41:28.767",
"last_edit_date": "2017-12-17T15:41:28.767",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21868",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Problem understanding 私のにわか景気",
"view_count": 413
} | [
{
"body": "景気 is not just a condition but a (good) economic condition/climate. にわか is\n\"temporary\". にわか景気 refers to a sudden but temporary boom in business/economy,\nsuch as the Gold Rush.\n\n私のにわか景気 sounds funny to me, and it's intentionally so. It's for showing how\nthe phrase \"my boom\" sounds weird to the Western ears. In other words, 私のにわか景気\n_should not make sense_.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T05:41:48.310",
"id": "52294",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T06:23:40.653",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T06:23:40.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52292",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "> マイブーム(英語で言えば「私のにわか景気」)\n\n「マイブーム」は何となくわかるが、同時｛どうじ｝に、何となく変｛へん｝な日本語だと思いました。\nかっこの中の「私のにわか景気」という意味｛いみ｝を読むと、きっと英語[訳]｛やく｝をした人が「マイブーム」の理解｛りかい｝不足｛ぶそく｝か、英語力か日本語力不足だと思いました。\nＯＰが日本語を懸命｛けんめい｝に勉強｛べんきょう｝している方｛かた｝なら、これでは疑問｛ぎもん｝がでますね。\n\n出典｛しゅってん｝を調｛しら｝べますと[ここ](http://www.ssu.ac.jp/media/sube.pdf)にありました。「カタカナ英語と和製｛わせい｝英語\n－最近｛さいきん｝の傾向｛けいこう｝を中心｛ちゅうしん｝として－」という真面目｛まじめ｝な論文｛ろんぶん｝の６ページ目の左側｛ひだりがわ｝にあります。\n\n> マイブーム ((temporary) personal obsession) \n> (英語で言えば｢私のにわか景気｣の意｡\n\n私の直観｛ちょっかん｝では、マイブームの理解が不十分なのと、その英訳が少しズレているのと、更｛さら｝にその日本語訳がかなりズレている感｛かん｝じがします。\n３度ズレますと、「マイブーム」のニュアンスはほとんど伝｛つた｝わりませんね。\n\n論文をちゃんと読んでないのでコメントするのは大変｛たいへん｝失礼｛しつれい｝ですが、この論文での意味は、「日本で一般に理解されている「マイブーム」を my\nboom\nと英訳しても正しく伝わらないので、「私のにわか景気」という意味で理解し、もし英訳するなら、「私のにわか景気」を丁寧｛ていねい｝に伝えようとするのではなく、(temporary)\npersonal obsession と言いなさい」と善意｛ぜんい｝で解釈｛かいしゃく｝しました。(temporary) personal\nobsession\nで少しはニュアンスが伝わるかどうか知りませんが、「私のにわか景気」を一所｛いっしょ｝懸命｛けんめい｝に意訳｛いやく｝してもマイブームの意味を理解するのは無理でしょうね。なぜなら「私のにわか景気」とは何を意味するのか全くわからない日本語ですから。\n\n私が理解している「マイブーム」を[ここ](http://ecafeplus.com/study-english/expressions/addicted-\nto-something/)で比較的｛ひかくてき｝上手｛じょうず｝に説明しています。\n\n> 「～がマイブームなの！」と言いたい時、英語では「～に夢中｛むちゅう｝になっている」や「～にはまっている」という表現を使います。\n>\n> 「～にはまっている」の英語表現\n>\n> Examples\n>\n> * I’m really into Indian food recently. （最近インド料理にはまってるの。）\n>\n> * I’m addicted to sweets in a convenience store! （コンビニスウィーツがマイブームなの。）\n>\n> * I’m crazy/nuts about yoga. （ヨガに夢中なの。）\n>\n>\n\n私の結論として、\n\n> 「マイブーム」は、「私のにわか景気」と言う訳｛わけ｝のわからない意味ではありません。 \n>\n> 日本語として定着｛ていちゃく｝しているというほどではありませんが、「～に夢中｛むちゅう｝になっている」あるいは「～に嵌｛は｝まっている」というような意味で使われる和製｛わせい｝英語です。\n\n* * *\n\n# EDIT\n\n「マイブーム」に関して更に調べてみました結果を下に記します。\n\n結果として分かったことは、 \n- 「マイブーム」という言葉は、1990年代に造られたれっきとした和製英語だということです。 \n- 「カタカナ英語と和製英語：最近の傾向を中心として」と題した論文の著者が日英で異なる意味の和製英語の例として挙げた **マイブーム** を **英語で言えば「私のにわか景気」の意** だと言葉足らずでかつ不明瞭な日本語で解釈したために著者の意図がうまく伝わらず、そのためにＯＰが疑問を持ち、このサイトに質問したのだろうと思いました。 従って、ＯＰがnarutoの回答に対する\"My mind rejected the interpretation because it didn't make sense, but that was precisely the writer's point.\"というコメントを見ますと、前半はあっていると思われますが、後半は著者の意図とは違うと思います。\n\n**後日追加** ：論文の著者の意図を正しく反映させるためには、「マイブーム」を「3)\n日英で意味の異なる和製英語」という副題の中の例として挙げるのではなく、「英語としては意味をなさない和製英語」というような副題の例として挙げ、必要なら、英語ではどのような（奇妙な）意味で理解されるか、あるいは全く意味をなさないかを補足すればよいのではないでしょうか。 \n**EDIT in EDIT** \n_In order to correctly reflect the intention of the author of the thesis I\nwould not propose that \"my boom\" is cited as an example in the subtitle \"3)\n日英で意味の異なる和製英語 3. English Japanese English with different meanings in Japanese\nand English\" but I propose to list it as an example in the subtitle like\n\"英語としては意味をなさない和製英語 Japanese English not meaningful as English\" to the author.\nFurthermore, if necessary, supplementation should be added as to what kind of\n(strange, curious, odd or funny) meaning is understood in English in the\nexample, or not at all_.\n\nWikipediaの「[みうらじゅん](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%81%86%E3%82%89%E3%81%98%E3%82%85%E3%82%93)」によると、 \n「マイブーム」は、1997年に新語・流行語大賞のトップテンになり、かつ、2006年に「死語大全」にも選ばれている不思議な言葉です。日本の漫画家、イラストレータの「みうらじゅん」さんが創造した和製英語です。\n\n新語・流行語大賞を受賞した言葉は、一般的にマスコミが多用する例はあるもののマスコミ外で流行したとは言い難いものがほとんどであり、その年限りの一過性に終わり死語と化すことも多い。その中で、「マイブーム」はマスコミ外でも広く使われており、受賞後も廃れることなく使用され続け、遂には2008年1月に発売された『広辞苑第六版』にも掲載されている珍しい例といえます。\n\n「死語大全」にも選ばれた流行語ですから、最初の私のAnswerで日本語として定着しているというほどでないと私が判断したのも不思議ではないと思います。\n\n### 意味は、\n\n * 「自分の中だけで はやっている物や出来事」（上記「みうらじゅん」の記事） \n * 「個人的に夢中になっていること（個人的な流行）」（日本語俗語辞典）\n * 「《(和)my＋boom》自分の中での流行。自分が現在集めているもの、興味をもっているものごとをいう」（goo国語辞典、ディジタル大辞典）\n * 「他の人がどう思っていようと、自分の中では流行している、すなわち自分が今はまっているもの（こと）」（知恵袋）\n * 「一九八〇年代以降の「豊かさ」の実現と個人の関心の多様化により、「先端」こそがカッコいいという生活美学に基づく「先端」の追求は次第に失速し、各自の価値観や感性に基づく等身大の「個性」が追求されるようになってきた。それは、 **ひとりひとりの「こだわり」が確立** しつつあることを意味しており、「多様化」=「すみわけ化」を前提とした上での消費こそが、九〇年代消費社会の本質といえるのである。そんな「すみわけ」状況を象徴することばが「マイブーム」である。これは、イラストレーターのみうらじゅんの命名したものであり、多くの人を巻き込む社会的流行=「マスブーム」と違い、 **ひとりひとりが自分の関心のある趣味やテーマを追い求める状況を指している** 。いってみれば、 **それは個人の嗜好そのものなのだが、あえてそれを「ブーム」という言葉に置き換えることで、世間に影響を受けない個人の自発的意志を強調しているのである** 。」（とっさの日本語便利帳の解説）（ゴシック体の部分はmackygooが強調した）\n\n### 「マイブームは死語か」\n\n * 「今のところ、それに代わる便利な言葉が見当たりませんし、自分がハマッてることを表すのには誰もがわかる最適な言葉だと思いますよ！ むしろ『ハマッてる』って言葉の方が古臭くて死後のような気がしますが… ちなみに最近のマイブームはダーツです」（知恵袋）\n * 「マイブームって普通に使いますよ。死語ではありません（キッパリ）おいらのマイブームは喜多方ラーメンです」（知恵袋）\n * 「全然死語じゃないと思いますし、普通に使ってますよ。むしろ和製英語として生き続けるような気がします」（知恵袋） \n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eCxng.jpg)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T07:14:58.087",
"id": "52301",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-16T05:12:38.730",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-16T05:12:38.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52292",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
]
| 52292 | 52294 | 52294 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52303",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have trouble interpreting the following sentence from [an article about the\nyen exchange\nrate](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20170814/k10011099101000.html).\n\n>\n> 連休明けの１４日の東京外国為替市場は、北朝鮮情勢に対する警戒感からリスクを避けようと、比較的、安全な通貨とされる円を買ってドルを売る動きが出て、円相場は、ドルに対して値上がりしています。\n\nI am aware that \"obvious\" particles, する (and its continuative form し),\nrepeated subjects, etc., could be omitted in the body of newspaper articles.\nThe following is my attempted interpretation of the above sentence.\n\n> 連休明けの１４日の東京外国為替市場は、北朝鮮 **（の）** 情勢に対する警戒感からリスクを避けようと **（し）** 、\n> 比較的、安全な通貨とされる円を買ってドルを売る動きが出て、円相場は、ドルに対して値上がりしています。\n>\n> (After a long holiday, the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market on the 14th\n> attempted to avoid risks from senses of caution regarding North Korean state\n> of affairs, and a trend started where yen, which was considered as a\n> relatively safe currency, was bought and US dollars were sold, and the yen\n> exchange rate against the US dollar increased.)\n\nI decided on 「避けようと（し）」 because I know {volitional form}+とする could be used to\ndescribe someone attempting an action. **Was there really an omitted し, or is\nthere some function of the と particle (such as[the one used for describing\nsuccessive events](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46754/grammar-\nusage-of-%E3%81%A8-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%9F)) that I am not noticing?**\n\nNote: The duplicate question suggested by @naruto appears to be related, but\nif we consider the clause with と as an adverbial clause, then the sentence\nappears ungrammatical, because the topic appears as the agent of the\n**intransitive** verb 出る and the subject acts as some direct object. Please\ncorrect me if I am wrong.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T06:56:46.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52299",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T10:36:06.137",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22698",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding Omitted Elements in the Body of a Newspaper Article",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": ">\n> 連休明けの１４日の東京外国為替市場は、北朝鮮情勢に対する警戒感からリスクを避けようと、比較的、安全な通貨とされる円を買ってドルを売る動きが出て、円相場は、ドルに対して値上がりしています。\n\n大変長い文ですが、次のように変更して理解するとわかりやすいと思います。\n\n> 連休明けの１４日の東京外国為替市場は、 ~~北朝鮮 **の** 情勢に対する警戒感 **が理由で、**~~\n> （ドルが値下がりするであろう）リスクを避けようと **して** 、比較的、安全な通貨とされる円を買ってドルを売る動きが出て **いる。**\n> **そのために** 、円相場は、ドルに対して値上がりしています。\n\nあるいは、\n\n> ### EDIT\n>\n> 連休明けの１４日の東京外国為替市場は、北朝鮮 **の** 情勢に対する警戒感から（ **生じるであろう** ）（ **ドル値下がりの**\n> ）リスクを避けようと **して** 、比較的、安全な通貨とされる円を買ってドルを売る動きが出て **いる。** **そのために**\n> 、円相場は、ドルに対して値上がりしています。\n\n変更点とその理由は次のようになっています。\n\n * 理解を深めるために、太字の部分を補充しました。\n * 「北朝鮮の情勢に対する警戒感からリスクを避ける」と解釈すると間違いなので、一旦「北朝鮮 **の** 情勢に対する警戒感から」を削除して解釈してください。\n * 「リスクを避ける」の前に「ドルが値下がりするであろう」のような意味が省略されています。従って「リスク」は「ドルの値下がりリスク」です。当然、「リスクを避ける」は「ドルの値下がりリスクを避ける」です。\n * 「北朝鮮 **の** 情勢に対する警戒感から」は「北朝鮮 **の** 情勢に対する警戒感 **が理由で、** 」のような意味です。「北朝鮮 **の** 情勢に対する警戒感から」の「から」を生かすなら、「北朝鮮の警戒感から **生じるであろう** (ドル値下がりの)リスクを ...」と解釈しても良いと思います。\n * 「安全な通貨とされる円を買ってドルを売る動きが出て、」は一度文を終わらす方が理解しやすい。従って、「～ドルを売る動きが出ている。 そのために、円相場は、～」としました。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T08:00:58.420",
"id": "52303",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T10:36:06.137",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52299 | 52303 | 52303 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52302",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here, I already asked about a sentence containing a ほど construction, and\nchocolate was so kind to give me a nice, comprehensive answer :=) (\"[Issues\nwith this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52228/issues-\nwith-this-sentence/52252#52252)\")\n\nHowever, a follow up question came to my mind now, which might even sound a\nbit silly: \nIn my textbook, ほど constructions are always used in that way:\n\n> インフルエンザの予防注射は思っていたほど痛くなかったです。 \n> Concerning the Influenza immunisation, it didn't hurt to the extent that I\n> thought.\n\nThe keypoint: After ほど, a negation follows. And it's always like that in my\ntextbook. \"it **didn't**...to the extent...\"\n\nIs it possible for ほど constructions to be followed by a positive statement as\nwell? Like: \"Concerning the influenza immunisation, it did hurt to the extent\nthat I thought\"? Or are other constructions used for this kind of statement?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T06:57:09.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52300",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T05:40:30.963",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-16T05:40:30.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "About ...ほど constructions",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "Yes ほど can be safely used in positive sentences, but it means something more\nlike \"to the point where ～\" or \"so ～ that ～\".\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 目に見えるほど大きい。 It is big enough to be visible to the eye.\n> * びっくりするほど高かった。 It was surprisingly expensive.\n> * 眠れないほど嬉しいです。 I am too happy to sleep.\n> * インフルエンザの予防接種は泣き叫ぶほど痛かった。 \n> The flu shot was so painful that I (almost) cried.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T07:55:35.603",
"id": "52302",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T07:55:35.603",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52300",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 52300 | 52302 | 52302 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52306",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I think this is quite common in English but I wouldn't know about Japanese.\nFor example, suppose you're asking yourself (or someone) \"where did\n(something) go\"? In the sense of \"what happened to (something)?\" as such\nsomething has been lost or disappeared and where \"something\" is generally\nabstract. A concrete random example:\n\n_\"Where did all your ambition go?\"_\n\nCan simply 行く be used in this sense and have a figurative meaning to indicate\nthat something (the ambition here) has been lost or we don't know what\nhappened to it?\n\nDoes something like \"あなたの野心は何処へ行ったか/行っただろう” make any sense? If not what could\nbe used for a figurative speech like this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T08:21:57.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52304",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T17:01:12.870",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T17:01:12.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"expressions",
"english-to-japanese",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "How to figuratively express something that has been lost/disappeared as in \"where did (something) go\"?",
"view_count": 592
} | [
{
"body": "For objects you can use 行く\n\n> どっか行っちゃった\n>\n> 靴とかあったんだけど、どこ行ったんだろう\n\nTo some extent this also works for abstract concepts:\n\n> 夫婦の絆はどこに行った\n>\n> 親子ゲンカはどこ行ったんだろ\n\n* * *\n\nA similar expression is 〜はどうした \"what happened to\"\n\n> 靴はどうした？ \n> What happened to your shoes? ( _lit._ What did you do to your shoes?)\n>\n> いつもの冷静な判断はどうした？\n\n(Example sentences taken from BCCWJ.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T09:05:21.610",
"id": "52306",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T14:00:52.723",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "52304",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> Does something like \"あなたの野心は何処へ行ったか/行っただろう” make any sense?\n\nYes. Absolutely!\n\nI would say,\n\nあなたの野心は何処へ **行ってしまったのか** ？ あなたの野心は何処へ **行ってしまったのだろう** ？ are alternatives which\nseem more rhetoric and natural.\n\nAnyway, we're happy to know that the rhetorical expression is common both in\nEnglish and Japanese. :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T14:01:50.537",
"id": "52316",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T14:01:50.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52304",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52304 | 52306 | 52306 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52308",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I think it's say: \"I'll come for a limit of time?\" but I'm unsure about this",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T08:55:43.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52305",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-16T02:51:18.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "23928",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 制限時間 来ちゃうから?",
"view_count": 370
} | [
{
"body": "I'd translate this as \"Because the time limit (will) come\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T09:17:40.067",
"id": "52307",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T09:17:40.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5047",
"parent_id": "52305",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "My hunch is \"It's about time\" or \"It's high time\".\n\nThen, grammar\n\n\"ちゃう\" is a verb used in casual speech of \"しまう\" which is often used for\nunintended actions.\n\nTherefore \"来ちゃう\" means as same as \"来てしまう”.\n\nHence, I guess it means when you are talking with someone else\n\n\"We need to hurry up. The time limit is coming.\"\n\nor in your head\n\n\"I should hurry up. The time limit is coming.\"\n\nBut, for sure I need more context to determine what this sentence wants to\nsay.\n\nHope it helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T09:33:55.160",
"id": "52308",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T09:33:55.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52305",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You could use:\n\n> 'time is almost up' or \n> 'time is running out' or \n> 'time will run out'\n\nfor more natural English depending upon the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T16:22:02.843",
"id": "52358",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-16T02:51:18.177",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-16T02:51:18.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22736",
"parent_id": "52305",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52305 | 52308 | 52307 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52313",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to figure out what is the meaning of \"いなくない\" in this sentence:\n\n> \"あんなすごい事でできるの、シャリオ以外いなくない?\"\n\nMay be something like this? \"With the exception of Chariot (it's a first\nname), there isn't (in the world) another person who can do such amazing\nthings, don't you think?\".\n\n\"いなく\" should be the negative form of iru, right? And about that final \"ない\", I\nhave to see it like a \"じゃない\"? (As in this case:\"この文、おかしいんじゃない?\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T10:12:59.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52311",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T12:59:02.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "\"[...] 以外いなくない?\": what is that いなくない?",
"view_count": 518
} | [
{
"body": "シャリオ以外(には）いなくない? is a feminine colloquial question.\n\n＝シャリオ以外（には）いなくないか？ is a masculine colloquial question.\n\n＝シャリオ以外には、いないのではないですか？is a formal question.\n\nいない＝ヤ行上一段活用の動詞「いる」の未然形である「い」に、打消の助動詞「ない」が付いた形。\n\n（参考）いなくなる＝ヤ行上一段活用の動詞「いる」の未然形である「い」に、打消の助動詞「ない」の連用形「なく」が付き、ナ行子五段活用動詞「なる」が付いた形。\n_「北陸海岸では、何不自由なく普通に暮していたヒト達が拉致され、ある日突然いなくなる。」_\n\nいなくない＝ヤ行上一段活用の動詞「いる」の未然形である「い」に、打消の助動詞「ない」の連用形「なく」が付き、形容詞の「ない」が付いた形。\n\nThe whole sentence is rather rhetoric, using the double negative question,\nalthough I don't know whether it's defined as \"a rhetorical question\" or not.\nAnyway, it means something like this: **_\"No one but Shario is able to do such\nan awesome task, isn't he?\"_**\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T12:44:40.913",
"id": "52313",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T12:59:02.993",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T12:59:02.993",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52311",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52311 | 52313 | 52313 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52334",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was looking for the word \"batchmate\" (entered the same year as you/in the\nsame school grade, i.e. in between 先輩 and 後輩), and found some answers\n([1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13386/can-sempai-be-used-to-\naddress-a-student-of-the-same-year-\nage/13387#13387),[2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4982/how-to-\ndifferentiate-friend-level-in-japanese/4983#4983)) on this site that gives 同級生\nas a translation to \"classmate\". Can this word also be used for students not\nin the same class but in the same grade? For example, students in a club of\nthe same grade but in different classes.\n\nFor context, the sentence I am trying to build is\n\n> 先輩にも、＿＿にも、後輩までも笑われた。\n>\n> I was laughed at by my seniors, my batchmates, and even by my juniors.\n\nThis is in context of club activities.\n\nThe answers on this site linked above translate 同級生 as \"classmate\", and so do\nsome Japanese-English dictionaries. That surprised me because of how breaking\nup the kanji would literally give \"same-grade-students\". Can 同級生 also be used\nin the example above?\n\nOr... does the Japanese concept of \"classmates\" extend beyond classes and\ninclude everyone in the same grade? I have no idea.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T13:59:21.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52315",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-09T11:38:00.143",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Does 同級生 mean \"classmate\" instead of \"batchmate\" despite the meanings of the individual kanji?",
"view_count": 2737
} | [
{
"body": "I think 同級生 basically means \"a classmate (of the same specific class).\"\n\nWhat you're looking for is probably \" **同学年** \" or \" **同学年の生徒/学生**.\"\n\nMaybe \"同学年生\" can be used, but it seems less common.\n\n同級生 can be used to refer \"同学年の生徒/学生\" in some contexts, although it leaves\nambiguity.\n\n同窓生 means the people who graduated from the same school, and in some contexts,\nit may mean \"同じ学校の同学年の生徒/学生\" in some contexts.\n\n> 先輩にも、 **同学年** にも、後輩からまでも笑われた。\n>\n> 先輩にも、 **同級生** にも、後輩からまでも笑われた。\n\nIn this specific question, the latter seems more natural to my ears. It can\nmean both \"classmates\" and what you call \"batchmates.\" I wonder whether \"a\nclassmate\" can be used for \"a batchmates\" in English as well, after reading\najsmart's comment. Languages are often ambiguous and not like Mathematics.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T14:18:28.907",
"id": "52317",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T14:49:43.050",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Yes 同級生 can mean both \"people in the same class\" and \"people in the same grade\n(and in the same school)\" depending on the context. 大辞泉 says:\n\n> ### どうきゅう‐せい〔ドウキフ‐〕【同級生】\n>\n> 同じ学級の生徒・学生。同じ学年の生徒・学生。\n\n先輩, 後輩, 下級生 and 上級生 always mean students in different grades. When 同級生 is used\nin contrast with them, like in your example, 同級生 safely means 同じ学年.\n\nIn addition, 同級生 tends to mean 同じ学年 if a long time has passed after graduating\nfrom the school. Most schools shuffle the members of classes every school\nyear, and who belonged to which class in one specific grade will become less\nimportant when you reach, say, 30. If someone in his thirties said\n彼女は高校で同級生でした, I would interpret it just means she belonged to the same school\nand was in the same grade.\n\nIf you need to avoid confusion, you can always say 彼は同じクラスだった or 彼は同じ学年だった\ninstead of 彼は同級生だった. クラスメート always refers to people in the same class, too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T02:36:45.520",
"id": "52334",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T03:58:53.700",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T03:58:53.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "its surprising that no one mentioned [同]{どう}[輩]{はい} here. as you can see\nsenpai > douhai > kouhai. If you notice the word douhai is written with the\nsame kanji as the word onaji [同じ]{おなじ}. But more often we hear the word\ndoukyuusei 同級生 instead of douhai. And since you used senpai and kouhai i think\nits right to use douhai to complete 輩 series :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T11:38:00.143",
"id": "61408",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-09T11:38:00.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31212",
"parent_id": "52315",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 52315 | 52334 | 52334 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ま、俺達にとっちゃ \n> どっちでもいいことさ。 \n> ただ指示されたままのことをする。 \n> 上の意向も下界の結果も関係ない。\n\nContext - Soldiers argue about their mission.\n\n> 上の意向も下界の結果も関係ない.\n\nMy attempt - The opinion of higher-ups and the consequences on the ground are\nirrelevant.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T14:52:44.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52318",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-16T15:17:11.123",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T03:30:11.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 下界の結果 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "下界 means earthly (as opposed to heavenly) i.e. material, mundane. 結果 means\nconsequences, results, or fruits (of labor etc.)\n\nSo in this context, I would probably translate 下界の結果 as material consequences.\nYour translation \"consequences on the ground\" is more colloquial though so\ngiven the slang in the way this is written, I'd say it's pretty spot on!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T15:56:57.497",
"id": "52320",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T15:56:57.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25408",
"parent_id": "52318",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> The opinion of higher-ups and the consequences on the ground are irrelevant.\n\nYour attempt is incorrect, because \"上の意向も下界の結果も関係ない\" means \"俺達のやること（the\nsoldiers' mission）は上の意向と関係ない、そして、俺達のやることは下界の結果とも関係ない\".\n\n**EDIT** : In other words the given phrase \"上の意向も下界の結果も関係ない\" means\n\"俺達にとっちゃ上の意向も俺達には関係ない、また、下界の結果も俺達には関係ない\".\n\nIf your attempt were correct, the original Japanese phrase should be as: \n上の意向と下界の結果は関係ない。 Neither of the も's in the phrase is needed.\n\n# EDIT 2\n\n> ま、俺達にとっちゃ \n> どっちでもいいことさ。 \n> ただ指示されたままのことをする。 \n> 上の意向も下界の結果も関係ない。\n\nは、次のような意味です。 \n\n> ま、俺達にとっちゃ どっちでもいいことさ。 \n> 俺たちは、ただ上から指示されたままのことをするだけさ。 \n> そのとき、どういう意向で上の人が指示を出しているか知らないし、知りたくもない。 \n> だから、俺達にとっちゃ上の意向も関係ないし、その（＝俺達が指示されたままのことをやった）結果、下界がどうなろうと俺達にとっちゃ関係ない。\n\nですから、ＯＰの attempt である \"The opinion of higher-ups and the consequences on the\nground are irrelevant.\" は、ǝʇɐןoɔoɥƆ さんのコメントにある \"The opinion of higher-ups and\nthe consequences on the ground are irrelevant **to us / to our mission / to\nwhat we do** \" と native speaker of English\nがゴシック体で示した文言を自然に補って解釈できるのでなければ間違いでしょう。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T02:30:46.933",
"id": "52333",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-16T15:17:11.123",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52318",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 52318 | null | 52320 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52353",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Part way through [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52269/choosing-\nbetween-%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0-and-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9A%E3%81%A0)\nI got a bit side-tracked. I'll try and express my problem better here.\n\nI think that the conclusion to the previous question was that 飛行機が混みそうです means\n\"It seems the plane will be crowded\". Here 'seems' implies that after\nexamining the evidence (e.g. of previous flights) there is a reasonable\nprobability that the plane will be crowded.\n\nHow would I translate \"The plane will seem crowded\"? In this case 'seem' is\nexpressing visual perception while **on** the plane. e.g. it will seem crowded\nbecause all the passengers that have checked in are very fat and will take up\na lot of room.\n\nWould that also be 飛行機が混みそうです? Do I just have to infer the meaning from\ncontext or is there a different grammatical construction?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T18:17:13.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52321",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T14:58:19.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between \"seems\" from past evidence and \"seems\" from current experience",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "> \"It seems the plane will be crowded\". Here 'seems' implies that after\n> examining the evidence (e.g. of previous flights) there is a reasonable\n> probability that the plane will be crowded.\n\n**（連休中は）空の便は混雑すると予想されます。**\n\n> \"The plane will seem crowded\"? In this case 'seem' is expressing visual\n> perception while on the plane. e.g. it will seem crowded because all the\n> passengers that have checked in are very fat and will take up a lot of room.\n\n**飛行機は混んでいるようだ。残念ながら今回は窮屈なフライトになるだろう。**\n\nIn the latter case, I'd use the present tense, \"This plane seems crowded. This\nis going to be an unpleasant flight.\"\n\nOr, **この客の数と客の体格から推測すると、この飛行機はとても混み合うだろう。**\n\n> Do I just have to infer the meaning from context or is there a different\n> grammatical construction?\n\nYes. You have to infer the tense (when in the time course) from the context. I\ndon't think there is a definite grammatical construction that can tell the\ndifference. However, in each context, native speakers can know how to express\nthe difference when they want to differentiate.\n\n> \"The plane will seem crowded\"?\n\nActually, I don't understand the grammatical construction of this specific\nsentence, meaning what you explained. So maybe I am misunderstanding your\nquestion, and my answer may not be appropriate. Is your explanation really\ncorrect? And am I answering your question properly? Thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T23:11:09.820",
"id": "52327",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-14T23:17:00.477",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-14T23:17:00.477",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "この飛行機は混みそうだ can be used when the plane is not crowded now but you think it\nwill be crowded, based on some evidence. What you've just seen with your eyes\nsafely works as an \"evidence\". This can be said even after you've gotten on\nthe plane.\n\nFor example, you've just boarded a plane, and see there are still a lot of\nvacant seats. A while later, you suddenly notice a large group of sumo\nwrestlers boarding. In this case, この飛行機は混みそうだ is a natural sentence. Since\nyou're already on board, you may also say この飛行機は混んできそうだ (See: [Difference\nbetween -ていく and -てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)).\n\nこの飛行機は混んでいそうだ or この飛行機は混んでそうだ (colloquial) can be used when you don't know if\nthe plane is crowded now, but you think the plane should be currently crowded\nbased on an evidence. For example, when you are in a long waiting line for\nboarding that does not proceed even after the departure time, you can say\nこの飛行機は混んでそうだ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T03:13:11.917",
"id": "52335",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T03:21:28.807",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T03:21:28.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "\"飛行機が混みそうです\" can be rightly translated to \"It seems the plane will be\ncrowded,\" but no, it won't do as a translation of \"The plane will seem\ncrowded.\" Here's why I think this is so:\n\nIn \"飛行機が混みそうです\", the そう can be thought of as pulling semantic double duty. It\nserves two roles: one of denoting inference (corresponding to \"It seems\" in\nthe good translation) based on evidence, visual and/or otherwise; the other of\ndenoting future-time reference with regard to the action/state expressed by\nthe verb it attaches to (corresponding to \"will (be crowded)\").\n\nWith \"The plane will seem crowded,\" however, \"seem\" indicates _not_ inference,\nbut _appearance_ , and \"will\" indicates the speaker's belief about a future\nevent/situation. This set of meanings you cannot assign to the (連用形 + )そう.\nIt's not in its job description.\n\nSo, how do we go about translating \"The plane will seem crowded.\"? Maybe like\nthis:\n\n> (あの体の大きな人たちが乗ったら、)飛行機が混んでいるように[見える/感じる]でしょう。\n\nOr we can use そう this way:\n\n> (あの体の大きな人たちが乗ったら、)飛行機が混んでいるように[見え/感じ]そうです。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T14:58:19.247",
"id": "52353",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T14:58:19.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "52321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52321 | 52353 | 52335 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52328",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "According to [Wikipedia](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8F#Japanese)\nthis symbol 亏 is a Japanese kanji.\n\n[Jisho](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BA%8F) returns no results. Does anyone\nknow what it means?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T20:10:30.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52323",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T09:40:55.740",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T09:40:55.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "19206",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What does this kanji 亏 mean?",
"view_count": 262
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think it's a Japanese kanji. It's a Chinese character.\n\n号 may be a Japanese kanji you were looking for. Or it might be a confusion\nwith 云う（いう）（iu) .\n\nAre you sure that it was really 亏 that you saw in Wikipedia? :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-14T22:46:32.173",
"id": "52326",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T00:27:39.373",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T00:27:39.373",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52323",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "It is [Chinese](http://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BA%8F). 亏 is pronounced kuī\n(first tone), and it is a simplification of 虧 which I think you can actually\nalso find in Japanese dictionaries and means to lower/to decrease or to lack\n(like 欠{か}ける). It also means \"to wane\" (speaking of the moon). Look\n[here](http://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjil/5631.html) for more.\n\nA sample sentence from the first link:\n\n> 我亏了二百元 ＝ 私は200元損をした = I lost 200 yuan (Chinese currency).\n\nStill I'm interested in seeing the wiki page stating it's Japanese, it might\nbe a very uncommon if ever used and one should check a more comprehensive\ndictionary like the 大漢和辞典.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T00:11:35.103",
"id": "52328",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T00:22:38.913",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T00:22:38.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "52323",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 52323 | 52328 | 52328 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52332",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "女性との行為に価値を認めていない **分** 、ハードルも低いという事なのだろうが、エアリエル **として** は堪らない。\n\nDoes it works as \"Due to\" or \"Because of\"? I have been encountering this kanji\nused in the same manner and I tried searching about it but it doesn't seem to\nbe considered as a particle so I had no luck.\n\nとして on the underhand does not make sense either. Was it \"It's unbearable as\nAriel\"? or was it actually と＋して or \"Doing it to Ariel\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T01:50:04.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52331",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T08:12:17.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25418",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "How does 分 and として work in this sentence?",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "> 女性との行為に価値を認めていない **分** 、\n\nI think it is rather close to \"Because of\", but \"to the degree that\n女性との行為に価値を認めていない\" is better.\n\n**EDIT** : \"to the extent that ....\" by A.Ellett is better than my \"to the\ndegree that ....\" for the meaning of 分.\n\n英語には余り自信がないので日本語で回答すると、「認めていない分」は、「認めていないだけ」あるいは「認めていないだけ **に** 」に近いと思います。\n２つの中では、「認めていないだけ **に** 」の方が「悔しい ≒ 堪｛たま｝らない」気持ちが表現できているので良いと思います。\n\n> エアリエル **として** は堪らない。\n\nIt is \"It's unbearable as Ariel\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T01:56:04.567",
"id": "52332",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T08:12:17.940",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T08:12:17.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52331 | 52332 | 52332 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52338",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the following sentence, why 'は’, not 'を’、is used as 格助詞？？\n\n> 私は借りたお金 **は** すぐ返します。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T04:36:48.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52336",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T05:55:38.477",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T04:55:34.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22040",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "は is used for Objective 格助詞",
"view_count": 241
} | [
{
"body": "The particle は can be combined with numerous other particles. For example, you\nmay have already seen things like\n\n> で＋は＝では \n> と＋は＝とは\n\nHowever, in certain situations, the combination gets reduced as in\n\n> を＋は＝は\n\nSimilarly\n\n> が＋は＝は\n\nThese are the only two cases I know of where the joined particle gets fully\nabsorbed into は.\n\nSo the speaker wanted to say something like\n\n> 私は借りたお金をはすぐ返します\n\nBut, in modern Japanese this isn't grammatical and the をは becomes just plain\nは.\n\nIn older documents (or documents using an older style of writing) をは isn't\nnecessarily reduced in this manner but becomes をば instead. And, occasionally\nthis pops up in some dialects.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T04:42:10.667",
"id": "52337",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T04:48:51.843",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T04:48:51.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "52336",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> In the following sentence, why 'は’, not 'を’、is used as 格助詞？？\n>\n\n>> 私は借りたお金 **は** すぐ返します。\n\nNo, the は is not a 格助詞. I say it's indicating the second topic/subject of the\npredicate, すぐ返します.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T05:55:38.477",
"id": "52338",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T05:55:38.477",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22422",
"parent_id": "52336",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 52336 | 52338 | 52337 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52357",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "I am not talking about consequences, such as in \"I can't find my wallet, I\nmust have lost it\" in which case I think something like ~に違いない could be used.\nRather, I would like to know how to express that something \"must be + adj\"\nbecause of some reason.\n\n**Example 1:** _We must be strong_ (for example because the times are tough).\n\n**Example 2:** _The transition must be harmonious/peaceful_\n\nMy guess is that some verb conjugated in the \"なければならない\" form should be used,\nwith the verb depending on the situation.\n\nMy attempts:\n\n**Example 1:** _強くでいなければならない_.\n\n**Example 2:** _推移は...に行わなければならない_.\n\nWhich makes me realize I also would like to know what's a good word for\n\"peacefully/harmoniously\" in this case. Notice that here I'm thinking of an\nabstract transition from one state to another such as could be changing a job\nor habit, rather than a concrete physical transition.\n\nAnyway, I am really not very confident that my attempts make sense (if they\nare grammatically correct at all) so even though somehow I feel this is\nprobably something quite basic, I'd appreciate some help. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T06:28:53.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52339",
"last_activity_date": "2023-02-23T08:06:34.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "How to express that something \"must be + adj\" as in \"we must be strong\"?",
"view_count": 697
} | [
{
"body": "I would think your understanding of grammar is correct.\n\nI'd translate Example 2:\n\nThe transition must be harmonious/peaceful.\n\n移行は(穏便に/平和的に)進めなければならない。\n\n推移 is more commonly used as continuous change such as\n\nThere are no drastic fluctuations in that transition.\n\nその推移には大幅な変動はない。 - Weblio Email例文集\n\nTransition of world major stock price indices\n\n世界の主要な株価指数の推移 - 経済産業省\n\n移行 is used as:\n\na sudden transition from autocracy to democracy.\n\n独裁制から民主制への急激な移行. - 研究社 新英和中辞典\n\nHope it helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T07:38:31.660",
"id": "52340",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T08:08:53.957",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T08:08:53.957",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52339",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Example 1: We must be strong (for example because the times are tough). \nExample 2: The transition must be harmonious/peaceful\n\nExample 1: You: 強くでいなければならない. Me: 我々は強くあらねばならない。 \nExample 2: You: 推移は...に行わなければならない. Me: 移行は円滑｛えんかつ｝に/平和裏{へいわり}に行われなければならない。\n\n### 注釈\n\n * 「平和裏な移行」、あるいは「平和裏に移行する」は transition と peaceful が併存するような場合のほぼ set phrase です。\n * **EDIT** jisho.orgで\"harmonious\"を調べました。「円滑｛えんかつ｝に」が「平和裏に」と同程度の重みのある表現です。 \nＯＰの質問にはありませんが、このような時によく使われる表現に「粛々｛しゅくしゅく｝と～する」というのがあります。菅内閣官房長官(Chif Cabinet\nSecretary Suga)が記者会見でよく使う表現です。 \nIt is important for us to **calmly proceed with** preparations and implement\nthe shift according to schedule. (日本語：決まっているスケジュールに沿って、 **粛々と** 準備をし、 **粛々と**\n実施に移していくということが重要であると思っております。)\n\n * **EDIT** 「強くあらねばならない」＝「強く **ある** （to be strong）」+「ねばならない」 \nAs for 「ねばならない」, visit jisho.org with ねばならない, then, jisho.org tells you\nなければならない means \"have to do; must; should; ought to\", and ねばならない is the other\nform of なければならない. ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T07:42:51.553",
"id": "52341",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T15:03:42.803",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "52339",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> I would like to know how to express that something \"must be + adj\" because\n> of some reason. \n> Example 1: We must be strong (for example because the times are tough). \n> Example 2: The transition must be harmonious/peaceful\n>\n> My guess is that some verb conjugated in the \"なければならない\" form should be used,\n> with the verb depending on the situation.\n\nYes, we usually translate 'must' in that sense as なければならない. You can also say\nなくてはいけない as less formal version, or for a little more colloquial version\nなくては駄目｛だめ｝だ, and we also say in everyday conversation しないといけない, しなきゃいけない,\nしなくちゃダメだ (might sound like chiding), しなくちゃ, しなきゃ, and etc. あらねばならない sounds a\nlittle too eloquent or splendid though, this is good as well.\n\n> Example 1: 強くでいなければならない.\n\nIt could be 強くなければならない, 強くなければいけない, 強くなくてはいけない, 強くなくてはダメだ, and etc.\n\n> Example 2: 推移は...に行わなければならない. \n> I also would like to know what's a good word for \"peacefully/harmoniously\"\n> in this case. Notice that here I'm thinking of an abstract transition from\n> one state to another such as could be changing a job or habit, rather than a\n> concrete physical transition.\n\n推移｛すいい｝ is used for such as changes in statistical numbers or something that\nwe don't control over or that happens as the result of our efforts. As already\nanswered, 移行｛いこう｝ or maybe 切り｛きり｝替え｛かえ｝ would also work especially if the\ncontext is something like 'habit', and 平和裏｛へいわり｝ is the first one that comes\nto me as well, and 平和的｛へいわてき｝に or 穏便｛おんびん｝に seem to be the literal\ntranslations of harmonious/peaceful.\n\nDependng on the context, you might want to say 調和的｛ちょうわてき｝に, 調和を図｛はか｝りながら,\n釣{つ}り合い｛あい｝を取｛と｝りながら. It could be 穏{おだ}やかに or 緩やかに｛ゆるやかに｝ for 'habit' like in\nchange in diet or lifestyle; 食生活｛しょくせいかつ｝の切り替えは穏やかに なされるべき／なすべき／するべき です.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T16:06:09.060",
"id": "52357",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T16:06:09.060",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22422",
"parent_id": "52339",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think you can also use 〜{しか・ほか}ない (\"there's nothing but 〜\", \"there's no\nalternative besides 〜\") for this.\n\n> * 強くいるしかない → There's nothing (else) we can do but be strong → We must be\n> strong\n> * 移行は穏便に行う・進めるほかない → There's no alternative besides (a) peaceful\n> transition → The transition must be peaceful\n>\n\nHowever, this gives the statement a more objective feel to it (at least to\nme).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-15T16:52:21.307",
"id": "52362",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T16:59:29.507",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T16:59:29.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "52339",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Every answer so far seems to be missing this distinction.\n\n> We must be strong because the times are tough.\n\nIn this case, you are effectively saying that we need to **become** stronger\nthan we are now. Therefore, 強く **なら** なくてはならない is as good as 強くなくてはならない。The\nformer has more emphasis on the \"become\" part but they are essentially the\nsame thing, because you feel we aren't strong enough.\n\nThat \"must\" is different from the following:\n\n> Come on guys. We must be strong enough to cope with this kind of pressure.\n\nIn this case, you know that we are already strong enough. It's just that the\nstrength hasn't come to the surface yet. In this case, 強いはずだ would be good.\n\nThe following one\n\n> The transition must be peaceful.\n\nis different yet because we are talking about the future here. In this case,\nyou can still use the second option of the first example: 移行は平和的でなくてはならない。\nBut, because we are talking about our future action, it's more natural to talk\nabout the action: 移行は平和裏に **行わ** なくてはならない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-02-23T08:06:34.180",
"id": "98688",
"last_activity_date": "2023-02-23T08:06:34.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9983",
"parent_id": "52339",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 52339 | 52357 | 52340 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.