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"body": "I have from the entry for 実際 of ウィズダム英和・和英辞書 the following sentence:\n\n> 彼は医者だと言ったが実際はそうでなかった。\n>\n> He said he was a doctor, but in fact he was not.\n\nFrom what I understand, the 「〜でなかった」 here is supposed to be the past negative\nform of 「〜である」. However, isn't the negative form of 「〜である」「〜で **は** ない」?\nShouldn't that sentence have ended with 「で **は** なかった」instead?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T10:32:32.063",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"negation",
"copula"
],
"title": "Is 〜でなかった valid?",
"view_count": 873
} | [
{
"body": "This research\n<https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/nichigen/menu7_folder/symposium/pdf/11/07.pdf>\nexplains\n\n”でない”は is most often used in non-past conditional 仮定条件形, then it goes as the\nfollowing order , the attributive form 連体形, the parataxis form 並立形, and the\nconclusive form 終止形.\n\nex:) 弁護士試験は、優秀でないと合格できない。\n\nIf you are not clever, you can't pass the bar examination.\n\nOn the other hand \"ではない” is used by nearly 60% in the conclusive form 終止形,\nthen it goes as the following order, the parataxis form 並立形, past conditional.\n\nex:) 佐々木さんは、歯医者さんではない。\n\nMr.sasaki is not a dentist.\n\nHope it helps.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-26T10:45:57.640",
"id": "52707",
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"body": "# English\n\n> (A) 彼は医者だと言ったが実際はそう **でなかった** 。 \n> (B) 彼は医者だと言ったが実際はそう **ではなかった** 。\n\nJumping to conclusions, the understanding of the questioner who thought that\nsentence (A) should end with \"で **は** なかった\" like (B) instead of \"でなかった\" is\nalmost correct. \nAccording to the\n[research](https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/nichigen/menu7_folder/symposium/pdf/11/07.pdf)\nshown in kimi Tanaka's answer, the part of \"でなかった\" in sentence (A) corresponds\nto an example of use as \"predicative form\" in \"a main clause\". In this case,\n\"で **は** なかった\" was overwhelmingly used compared to \"でなかった\" at the frequency of\n217 : 18.\n\nThen why in ウィズダム英和・和英辞書, do they describe the ending form as (A) instead of\n(B)? \nI think there are two possible reasons as follows. \n1. Though \"そうでない\" is not used frequently, it is correct as a Japanese usage. Moreover, (A) makes sense and I can understand it very well. \n2. When you look closely at the sentence of (A), the pronunciation of \"は{wa}\" in \"実際 **は** \" is used before \"でなかった\". Therefore, the use of \"は{wa}\" in \"で **は** なかった was avoided, either intentionally or naturally.\n\nHowever, for the second reason, a new problem will arise if you don't think\nthe reason well. What will happen if a higher priority is given to \"は\" in \"で\n**は** なかった\" over to \"は\" in \"実際 **は** \" and the former \"は\" is actually omitted?\nThen you'll get a sentence shown in (C).\n\n> (C) 彼は医者だと言ったが実際そうで **は** なかった。 \n> (D) 彼は医者でないと言ったが実際そうで **は** なかった。\n\nAlthough (C) seems to be a sentence having the same meaning as (A) at first\nlook, you'll soon realize that (C) is logically incorrect as Japanese\ncomparing it with (D). \n(D) is grammatically and logically correct Japanese, meaning\n\"彼は医者でないと言ったが、そのとおり医者ではなかった _He said he was not a doctor, and he was not a\ndoctor as was said_ ,\" while (C) is grammatically correct Japanese, meaning\n\"彼は医者だと言ったが、そのとおり医者ではなかった _He said he was a doctor, and he was not a doctor as\nwas said_ \", but it is logically incorrect. \nAs for why this kind of thing happened, \"は\" in \"実際 **は** \" cannot be omitted.\nIn other words \"実際は\" and \"実際\" have different meanings. \"実際は\" means \" _in fact_\n, _actually_ or _to tell you the truth_ \" and \"実際\" means \" _as is said_ \" and\nthey cannot be interchangeable with each other.\n\nIn conclusion, the questioner has a doubt about the usage of \"でなかった\" in (A),\nbut it makes sense as Japanese, and there is no particular problem in it.\nNeedless to say, (B) is also perfectly correct Japanese with a similar\nmeaning, but since \"は\" continues, I feel a bit frustrating to say it myself.\nHowever, this feeling seems to change depending on a person, I think that some\npeople say that they like (B) better.\n\n# 日本語\n\n> (A) 彼は医者だと言ったが実際はそう **でなかった** 。 \n> (B) 彼は医者だと言ったが実際はそう **ではなかった** 。\n\n文章 (A) における「でなかった」の箇所は「主節」における「終止形」としての使用例に相当し、kimi\nTanakaさんの答えで示された[研究文献](https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/nichigen/menu7_folder/symposium/pdf/11/07.pdf)によると、この使用例では217:18の頻度で「で\n**は** なかった」が圧倒的に多い。 \n従って、質問者が疑問を持ったのはもっともなことである。 \nそれでは何故、ウィズダム英和・和英辞書で (B)ではなく、(A) のように「でなかった」となっているのであろうか。 \nその理由として次の２つが考えられる。 \n1. 使用例としては少ないが「でなかった」も日本語として間違いではない。また、意味も良く分かる。 \n2. 「でなかった」の前に「実際 **は** 」という同じ発音の「は」が使われており、それに続く「で **は** なかった」の「は」の使用が、意図的にか自然にかは別にして、避けられた。 \n\nしかし、2 の理由の場合、良く考えないと問題が生じる。もし、「で **は** なかった」の「は」を優先して、「実際 **は**\n」の「は」を省略するとどうなるか。文としては (C) に示したようになる。\n\n> (C) 彼は医者だと言ったが実際そうで **は** なかった。 \n> (D) 彼は医者でないと言ったが実際そうで **は** なかった。\n\n一見 (C) でも問題なく (A) と同じ意味の文と思われるが、(D) と見比べると良くわかるが、(C) は日本語として論理的におかしいことに気づく。(D)\nは正しい日本語であって、「彼は医者でないと言ったが、そのとおり医者ではなかった」という意味だが、(C)\nは「彼は医者だと言ったが、そのとおり医者ではなかった」という意味になり論理的におかしい。 \n何故このようなことになったかというと、「実際 **は** 」の「は」は省略できないのである。言い換えると「実際は」と「実際」とは意味が異なるのである。\n「実際は」は「実際のところは _in fact_ , _actually_ or _to tell you the truth_\n」と言う意味であり、「実際」は「そのとおり _as is said_ 」と言う意味であるので置き換えできないのである。\n\n結論として、質問者は (A) の「でなかった」の使用法に疑問を持っているが、日本語として意味が通っており、特に問題はない。むろん (B)\nも同様の意味を持った正しい日本語であるが、「は」が連続するので私にはややくどく感じる。但し、この感じは人によって変わると思われ、(B)\nの方が好きと言う人もいると思う。",
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| 52628 | null | 52707 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "58101",
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"body": "I learned that the reason why て and た forms conjugate the way they do is\nbecause of a phenomenon known as 音便. And I know that 音便 happens because it's\neasier to say the word this way.\n\nHowever, _what_ is easier to say with 音便? For example, 使って has been 音便される,\nright? S what would it have been if 音便 did not occur?\n\nMy guess is that it must be one of the six forms (連体、連用、終止、未然、仮定、命令) + て, with\nthe 連体 and 連用 being the most probable. My guess would be something like 使いて or\n使うて. Are my guesses right?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-23T12:42:17.103",
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"id": "52631",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-23T07:04:16.447",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "What does the て and た forms look like before 音便?",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "Please see [this chart](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17497/5010) for\nthe non-音便 version. As you can see, this type of 音便 appears in the te/ta-form\nof most consonant-stem (aka godan) verbs.\n\nActually these non-音便 version was commonly used in classical Japanese, and is\nstill used as part of the polite masu-form. For example, 使って was 使 **い** て in\nclassical Japanese (or 使ひて in [the historical kana\northography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography)). This\n使っ is a 連用形 of 使う. Japanese people think 使い and 使っ are the two variations of\n連用形, the latter being the 音便 version of the former. See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36310/5010) for more details.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-04-23T06:59:00.750",
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| 52631 | 58101 | 58101 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52654",
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"body": "いた、いたちゃぁあんといたぁ！\n\nIs it just ちゃんと and いた, \"it was perfect\"?\n\nIt's from video game \"Xenogears\". Throne and Seraphita(villains) approach\nFortress Jasper(where the heroes are) in their Gears(giant robots). First\nThrone, Seraphita right after her.\n\nSeraphita says: 「トロネちゃん、トロネちゃん！！ いた、いた ちゃぁあんといたぁ！\n\nThrone:「一回言やぁ、わかる。(answers to Seraphita)\nふうん、ホントにやる気だったんだ。大型レーザの反射鏡攻擊なんておバカな事。(this part refers to the heroes' plan)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T13:03:53.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52632",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-23T15:08:00.200",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is ちゃんといた?",
"view_count": 268
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{
"body": "いた is the perfect aspect of いる (to stay) here, which means to have stayed, in\nother words, \"is there\". (You use いる instead or ある when you refer to existence\nor presence of things that can essentially move themselves.)\n\nちゃんと is an adverb that basically means \"properly\" or \"neatly\", in this case it\nmeans how their target is there as is planed.\n\nSo it says \"Throne, Throne, it's there, it's certainly there!\".",
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| 52632 | 52654 | 52654 |
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"body": "I was watching the first episode of Terrace House and got confused at\nsomething at the beginning.\n\n> 1. 僕は筧さんがずっと一途に思われてたじゃないですか\n>\n> 2. ああいうのとかが好きでした\n>\n>\n\nIn the show a presenter is asked if anyone on the previous series of the show\nleft an impression on him and he responds with 1 and 2. In 1, I'm having\ntrouble understanding the sentence due to the use of the 思われる form and the が\nparticle used with that.\n\nAlso in 2, is the の in ああいうのとか the placeholder の, as in the same の as\n食べたのはこれです?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T13:59:31.320",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "僕は筧さんがずっと一途に思われてたじゃないですか。ああいうのとかが好きでした",
"view_count": 103
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{
"body": "It's more natural to interpret 思われる as the respectful form here.\n\nYou correctly understand の and ああいうの (one like that) indicates how\n筧さんがずっと一途に思われていた (Kakei-san was always faithful).\n\nThe overall structure is 僕は…ああいうの とか が 好きでした: \"I liked (one like) that or\nother things\" with ああいうの explained as 筧さんが…じゃないですか \"Kakei-san was always\nfaithful, right?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-24T02:22:18.517",
"id": "52656",
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"body": "I suppose that the English phrase is very general but in Japanese how do you\nexpress that you feel bad for others? (something similar to pity but not\nparticularly looking down on the person)",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-23T14:05:16.483",
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"id": "52636",
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"owner_user_id": "13743",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How to \"feel bad\" for someone in Japanese",
"view_count": 2598
} | [
{
"body": "同情する is the first thing that comes to mind, but it might have a bit too much\nof a pitying nuance.\n\nPerhaps something like 気の毒に思う would be a good fit?",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T16:26:13.233",
"id": "52639",
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| 52636 | null | 52639 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52658",
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"body": "> ちなみに今は２３巻で、これからが良いところだったりする。\n\nI'm having trouble understanding ところだったりする in this sentence. From what I know\nところ can mean 'place, spot, area etc.', 'just about to do something' or\ndescribe a state when modified by another word. たりする is usually used to list\ninexhaustive example.\n\nWith just these definitions it doesn't seem to make sense to me, so I searched\naround for だったりする and found that it could mean 'to happen to be' (from this\nquestion [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13714/meaning-of-\nnoun-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)) or 'probably'.\n\nI think it's likely to mean something like this: \"By the way, right now I'm at\nvolume 23 and after this (it happens to be / it's probably) a good spot.\" but\nI'm really not sure about that.\n\nFor more context this was said previously: \"全３０巻もある漫画を読んで、つい徹夜をしてしまったってことか。\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T14:13:51.520",
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"id": "52637",
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"owner_user_id": "25509",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 良いところだったりする mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 921
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{
"body": "> 全30巻もある漫画を読んで、つい徹夜をしてしまったってことか。 \n> So, looks like [he] ended up spending all night reading the manga with 30\n> volumes.\n\n> ちなみに今は23巻で、これからが良いところだったりする。 \n> By the way, [he]'s at volume 23, and it's just after this that the great\n> part comes.\n\nYou translated these sentences as \" _I_ am at volume 23,\" but is the subject\nreally correct? I think these sentences mean \"I\" already know the story after\nthe 23rd volume, and just saw someone who has fallen asleep while reading the\nmanga.\n\n良いところ in this context means \"the good part (of the entire series)\" or simply\n\"climax\".\n\nThis colloquial usage of たり is not well described in some dictionaries. (At\nleast デジタル大辞泉 does not explain this usage.) In short, this type of たり makes\nthe sentence sound mild, unimportant or less certain. This たり is similar to\n\"kinda\", \"something like\", \"maybe\", \"perhaps\", \"if that tells you anything\",\n\"by any chance\", \"happens to be\", etc.\n\n> * フランス語が話せたりしますか？ Do you speak French, _maybe_ / _by any chance_?\n> * 彼、怒ってたりして…。 Well, he may be _kinda_ angary...\n> * 私は彼の友達だったりします。 Well, I happen to be his friend.\n>\n\n[What is the meaning of\n〜たりして?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5705/5010)\n\nIf you're interested, here is a long article regarding this usage of たり:\n[副助詞タリの用法\n本多啓](http://www.surugadai.ac.jp/sogo/media/bulletin/Ronso33/Ronso33honda.pdf)",
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| 52637 | 52658 | 52658 |
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"body": "For full context (pictures attached to the text) see here:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/J4wjKwf/jap.pdf>\n\n「暮らしとアイデア」について話し合う会議に参加することになりました。日本には曲がるストローやプルトップリングなど、生活に役立つ発明で、特許を取ったものがたくさんあります。あなたが知っている発明で商品になったものを参加者に紹介してください。\nFirst, my attempt at translation: It was decided that you will partake in a\nconference discussing ‘ideas and life circumstances’. In japan, bending\ndrinking straws and rings for cans etc. (I don’t know what this is in English)\nare inventions which are helpful in daily life and there are many things which\nare patented/take patents. Please present things which being inventions you\nknow became commercial articles/Please present things which were inventions\nyou know and became commercial articles.\n\n1) 暮らしとアイデア is kind of a problem for me. „Life circumstances and ideas“? I can\nonly try to conclude what is meant by this. Maybe ideas which have arisen from\ncertain cirumstances in life? Like a drinking straw maybe for people who have\nissues drinking from a glass directly?\n\n2) 生活に役立つ発明で、特許を取ったものがたくさんあります These two parts 生活に役立つ発明で and 特許を取ったものがたくさんあります\nseem a bit disconnected to me. I think that I’m being told that there are many\nuseful inventions and that many of them are patented. But the way I see it,\nthis is poorly reflected in the grammar of the complete sentence. If\n曲がるストローやプルトップリングなど was made a topic, it would be easier for me to give the\nimpression that all these elements are one and the same thing: “Concerning\nbending drinking straws and rings for cans, they are inventions which are\nuseful for daily life and there are many things which took patents.” Another\noption would be to extrapolate a continuative copula after など: “In japan,\nthere are bending drinking straws and rings for cans and the like and they\nthey are inventions which are useful in daily life and and there are many\nthings which took patents.” If I regard もの in the last part as a pronominal\nelement referring to 発明 and ultimately to 曲がるストローやプルトップリングなど then the\ncontextual cohesion would improve even further: “Concerning bending drinking\nstraws and rings for cans, they are inventions which are useful for daily life\nand they are one of many things which took patents.” This seems very far\nfetched to me though.\n\n3) あなたが知っている発明で賞品になったものを参加者に紹介してください As it is probably obvious from the two\noptions I offered in my translation for this sentence, I ran into trouble here\nas well. The first option is a literal translation trying to reflect as much\nas possible the syntactical connections I tried to establish. The second\noption is the way I would then translate it in a less literal, but hopefully\nmore comprehensible way. I don’t really know wether the connections I\nestablished in my literal translation are legit or not :/",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T15:47:36.710",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Problems with these descriptions in my textbook",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "For your point (1), 暮らし refers to everyday life, so I think what 「暮らしとアイデア」 is\ntrying to get at is the theme of useful ideas that help people out in their\neveryday lives (simple inventions such as straws, pull-rings etc).\n\nFor point (2), I think what you may be having trouble with is a common usage\nof など followed by a comma to mean \"such as\". For instance, a sentence like\nパスタやピザなど、色々な食べ物があります would mean \"There are lots of different foods, such as\npasta and pizza\". In the same way, I think the など in this sentence links\nforward to 特許を取ったもの, meaning \"there are lots of patented things, such as\nbending straws and pull-rings\".\n\nAs for the で, I can see a couple of different ways to interpret this, and I'm\nnot entirely confident which is more natural from a native perspective, but\nthey both work out to mean roughly the same thing:\n\n * The first is to interpret the で as the て-form of である, so that the phrase is equivalent to 生活に役立つ発明であり、特許を取ったもの \"Things that are patented, and are inventions that help out in everyday life.\"\n * The second, which I'm slightly leaning towards, is to treat で as a particle being used with a meaning equivalent to ～の中で, so that it reads as \"Amongst the inventions that help out in everyday life, there are many patented things.\"\n\nIn point (3), we have a similar usage of で to point (2), and again both of the\nabove interpretations are possible, but I'd lean fairly strongly towards the\nlatter interpretation for this one. So the sentence would translate literally\nas \"Please present to the attendees something that has been turned into a\nproduct from among the inventions you know of.\"",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T16:47:57.467",
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{
"body": "1. According to my light research「暮らしとアイデア」 seems to mean [\"暮らしの中で役立つアイデア\"](https://matome.naver.jp/topic/1M6kU). My interpretation is that 暮らし describes アイデア。\n\n 2. First of, で here is not a conjunctive here. It means [\"ことがらが成立する範囲を示します\"](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/053.html)。(The range in which something holds true).\n\nSecond, など here indicates examples of things that are described. So it roughly\nmore or less means \"Among inventions useful in daily life, such as drinking\ntab and bending straws, there are many that got patented.\"\n\n 3. 賞品 literally means prize, so I don't think you can interpret that as \"Commercial product\". I also don't think 紹介 should be interpreted as \"present\" as that implies (to me at least) that you are showing off a physical product.\n\nIn this sentence I think it means you should introduce or do a presentation of\nan invention that was used as a prize somewhere to the attendees.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T17:20:21.433",
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| 52638 | 52640 | 52640 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52644",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context, see these two documents. Its at page 1, bottom of the page\nexercise 2, number 1:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/gMfeMMP/img-20170823-0002-new.pdf>\n\n先生に水泳をやってみたらって勧められたんです。 => the problem is みたら. I expect って to be a quotation\nparticle/marker. I would translate the whole sentence as follows: “I was\nadvised/encouraged by my teacher wether/if I had tried swimming.”\n\nThis interpretation is highly speculative in my eyes, but I can’t come up with\nsomething else right now. I think “みたら“ , which expresses this „trying X“\nhere, is in context of an unreal expression. „…たら…sentence with た-form\npredicative“. However, I feel very unsure about this. First, I have no idea\nwhat the omitted second part of this construction should look like. Second, たら\nalready perfectly expresses „if“, which also works perfectly well in my\ntranslation. Therefore, it feels wrong to make things more complicated than\nthey are. That said, the problem is that, at least in my eyes, this is not the\narchetypical conditional „if“. It is more like “wether” which I also displayed\nin my translation. I don’t know how this kind of clause would be called, or if\nit is it’s own class of clause at all. However, I’ve never learnt about this\nkind of use being applied to たら in japanese. If it is the same with たら in\njapanese as with „if“ in english as I lined out before, then please tell me ^^\nIf I’m utterly at fault though with the solution above, please point me in the\nright direction xD",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T17:15:19.887",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How is this たら used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 108
} | [
{
"body": "やってみたら is often used to give the implication that you should do something and\ntry it out, i.e some form of \"Why don't you go ahead and give it a go?\"※.\n\nIn this case it means \"I was encouraged/prodded by the teacher who asked me to\ntry and give swimming a go\".\n\n※ Based on my years of learning Japanese, I feel like it has a nuance of\n\"what's the worst that could happen\" but that could just be me imagining it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T17:25:37.093",
"id": "52644",
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| 52641 | 52644 | 52644 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52647",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"盛りなる御代...\" It's from Genjimonogatari.\n\nMy two cadidates are either もる ·さかる, so \"mori-naru\" ro \"sakari-naru\".\n\nI can tell the meaning of the word, but I'm not sure which way I should read\nin this context, and in this specific book.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-23T17:20:40.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52643",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-23T17:43:19.927",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"onyomi"
],
"title": "In \"盛りなる御代\", how do you read \"盛\"",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "[さかる](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%9B%9B%20%E3%81%95%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B) is\ntranslated by jisho.org as `to prosper; to flourish,` and\n[もる](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%9B%9B%E3%82%8B-1) is `to serve/to pile up.`\n\nThe definition you want there is definitely `to prosper; to flourish` since 御代\nis [defined](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%BE%A1%E4%B8%96) as an `imperial reign.`\n\nPutting it together, 盛り{さかり｝なる御代｛みよ｝ is a prosperous imperial reign.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T17:43:19.927",
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| 52643 | 52647 | 52647 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52657",
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"body": "> A: 席は、1階と2階とどちらがよろしいでしょうか。 \n> B: 1階の前の方の席をお願いします。 \n> A: あいにく前の方はもういっぱいなんですが。 \n> B: じゃ、後ろの方でもかまいません。 ([source, page 2, number\n> 2](https://www.docdroid.net/gMfeMMP/img-20170823-0002-new.pdf))\n\nIn this text, they are talking about a ticket for a train, bus or something\nthe like? The 1かいの前の方の席 suggests to me that the ticket is for public\ntransport. 前の方 means \"facing in the direction of travel\" in this context, am I\nright?\n\nSince this text seems to make every effort not to be too specific about what\nthese 2 are talking exactly, I merely wanted to ask for confirmation",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T17:38:41.490",
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"id": "52645",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "About which topic is this text talking? a ticket for a train, bus?",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "前の方の席 refers to seats near the front-row, the stage, the screen, etc.\n\nI think most people feel they are talking about a ticket for some stage\nperformance, since they are talking about 1階 and 2階 (\"the first/second\nfloor\"). Balcony seats are often referred to as 2階席 in Japanese. They may be\ntalking about a bilevel/double-decker train/bus, but asking for a 前の方の席 of a\ntrain doesn't make much sense to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-24T05:02:09.287",
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| 52645 | 52657 | 52657 |
{
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"body": "The context is nothing of special: two girls are talking about a magician that\nin the past was famous and well renowned, but not anymore in the present days.\n\nOne of them tell to the other one:\n\n> 一時期、世間でもてはやされてはいました。しかし彼女の魔法が **長く通用するはずもなかった**\n\nMaybe is (from _shikashi_ , because the previous part it's clear):\n\n\"But was only a matter of time before her magic lose interest among the\npeople. (the audience).\n\n\"長く通用する\" is clear (Adv+Suru Vrb), it's about \"はずもなかった\" that I have\nperplexities.\n\nThk U in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-23T18:49:45.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52648",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of \"...長く通用するはずもなかった\" in this sentence?",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "I'd translate; She had been very popular for some time in the past, but her\nmagic would not have been widely acclaimed among people for a long time.\n\nはずもなかった implies it could have happened but it didn't happen.\n\nSo, the famous magician had the possibility/scenario to be a widely acclaimed\nmagician, but it didn't happen.\n\nIn other way, the famous magician might have been a very popular magician, but\nit isn't.\n\nはずもない is also discussed here. [はずもない、はずはない、はずがない. Difference and\nmeaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28464/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9A%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-difference-\nand-meaning)\n\nSubjunctive mood. <https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/134926/would-\nhave-done/136965#136965>",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-24T16:03:46.033",
"id": "52674",
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| 52648 | null | 52674 |
{
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"body": "I'm stuck with this sentence - \"いかにも山の中に只だ独り居たるに人の気はひのしければ少し生き出づる心地して見出だしければ\"\n\nIt's part of the folktale \"鬼に瘤取らるる事\". I know that ば mean to indicate end of\nstatement in classical japanese, so does it mean to be some sort of connection\nword in this case?\n\nIn modern japanese it has みる at the end -\n\"山の中にたったひとりでいたところに、人のいる感じがしたので少しほっとして外を見てみる\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-23T22:17:01.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52650",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-24T03:17:11.117",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-23T22:53:43.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "25454",
"owner_user_id": "25515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "what is a meaning of しければ in a classical japanese?",
"view_count": 270
} | [
{
"body": "見出だす{みいだす}→見出だし{みいだし}(連用形{れんようけい})→見出だし{みいだし}＋けり→見出だし{みいだし}けれ(已然形{いぜんけい})＋ば→見出だ{みいだ}\n**しければ**\n\nしければ is just the 連用形{れんようけい}/masu stem of a verb together with the auxiliary\nverb [けり](http://www.hello-school.net/haroajapa009003.htm) in 已然形{いぜんけい} form,\nwith the particle ば attached to it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-23T22:54:14.023",
"id": "52651",
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"owner_user_id": "25454",
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| 52650 | 52651 | 52651 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "[In Chinese there are two words that refer to \"dog\" - 狗 and\n犬](https://chinese.stackexchange.com/a/473/6228). In most use cases 狗 is more\nfrequently used, as it refers to a **specific dog**.\n\nIn Japanese however, 犬 is used exclusively. Did 狗 exist in the past? If not\nwhy was 犬 picked over 狗?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-23T23:17:08.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52652",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"loanwords",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Why is 犬 used to refer to \"dog\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1916
} | [
{
"body": "From what I can gather, it seems like 犬 was the original Chinese word for\n\"dog\" and 狗 developed later, originally as a slang term for dogs in everyday\nlife. (The radical on the left of the 狗 kanji is in fact a form of 犬.)\nUltimately 狗 replaced 犬 as the general-use term, and the older 犬 is now\nreserved for more specialised usages such as established compounds.\n\nIt doesn't seem to be entirely clear when exactly this shift occurred, but I'd\nguess that during the period when the kanji were originally imported and\nassigned to Japanese words, 犬 was still the more standard word for \"dog\" in\nChinese (or at least, 狗 had not supplanted it as completely as it has today),\nso 犬 was the natural choice of kanji to assign to the word いぬ. When the\nChinese usage later diverged, there would be no pressing reason for the\nJapanese to change their established usage.\n\nAs for 狗, it doesn't seem to have ever been used as the primary kanji for いぬ\nin Japanese, though it is accepted as an alternative kanji for the word. I'd\nguess that being originally a more specialised kanji, it was naturally adopted\nfor more specialised usages. I found some sources suggesting that 狗 can\nsometimes refer specifically to smaller dogs in Japanese, and its most common\nusage nowadays is in the name of the legendary 天狗{てんぐ} race.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-24T09:06:41.963",
"id": "52661",
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| 52652 | null | 52661 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "According to [this answer](https://chinese.stackexchange.com/a/22712/6228):\n\n> Almost all Japanese characters (in my experience >99%) are exist in Chinese.\n> Few are changed a little, like 宮 and 宫. As a Chinese, I have no difficulty\n> in recognizing Japanese characters.\n\nNow, I wonder which character is what was invented in Japan, or maybe imported\nfrom Korea but not originally from China, if any.\n\nIs there any research regarding this area or is there such compiled list?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-24T00:01:49.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52653",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"loanwords",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Is there a list of Japanese characters that don't have equivalent roots in Chinese?",
"view_count": 3552
} | [
{
"body": "This kind of characters is called 国字 or 和製漢字. So through a search of these\nterms on the internet, you can find the [Wikipedia\npage](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%A3%BD%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97) the\nintroduces these character, which also contains a simple list.\n\nAnd on that Wikipedia page, there is also a link to\n[和製漢字の辞典2014](http://ksbookshelf.com/nozomu-oohara/WaseikanjiJiten/), which is\nan online dictionary for the Japanese made characters.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-24T02:03:14.333",
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| 52653 | null | 52655 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52663",
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"body": "I came across this line recently and don't know how to interpret it. For\ncontext, the speaker is the commander of a foreign army and his forces have\njust met those of the アギマ王国 on the battlefield. He says this line to the アギマ\narmy's commander before the battle.\n\n> ついに追い詰めたぞ！この度こそワシが勝利し、アギマの領地を削り取ってくれん！\n\nI initially assumed くれん was the shortened form of 呉れない but that doesn't make\nmuch sense, does it? Could someone explain what くれん is doing here?",
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"title": "The meaning of てくれん in 「アギマの領地を削り取ってくれん」",
"view_count": 334
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{
"body": "This is a combination of the followings:\n\n 1. \"Arrogant and derogatory くれる\", used when the speaker does something bad to others or when someone does something bad to the speaker\n\n * [Why is くれる used here and not あげる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40560/5010) (see the third example)\n * [Using くれる for doing something bad](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/938/5010)\n 2. Archaic volitional auxiliary む, which is also written as ん\n\n * [archaic -an conjugation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14414/5010)\n * [What is the verb ending of われん mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33867/5010)\n\nSo 削り取ってくれん is an even more pompous/arrogant/old-fashioned version of\n削り取ってくれよう or 削り取ってやろう (This やる is used in the second sense\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14416/5010).)",
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| 52662 | 52663 | 52663 |
{
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"body": "I reckon that ふい is a kango word (不意), but I usually see it written in\nhiragana, even in print. Neither of the two characters are hard, and if people\nare typing it shouldn't matter that ふい is easier to write, so I wonder if\nthere are any other reason why ふい is usually writtein in hiragana.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"tags": [
"orthography"
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"title": "Why is ふい written in hiragana?",
"view_count": 189
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{
"body": "There are two different ふい listed in dictionaries:\n\n * **不意** ([jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%8D%E6%84%8F), [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/189807/meaning/m0u/)): sudden; abrupt; unexpected; unforeseen\n * **ふい** ([jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%B5%E3%81%84), [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/189803/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%B5%E3%81%84/)): coming to nothing; ending without result; total waste\n\nThe second one has nothing to do with 不意, and has to be written in hiragana.\nThat is, you can say 不意に思い出す but not チャンスを不意にする nor チャンスが不意になる.\n\nAccording to\n[this](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13166494763),\nふい meaning _total waste_ may be etymologically related to 吹く.\n\nIn addition, ふいに meaning _unexpectedly_ is often written in kana these days,\nand I think that's because this ふいに is becoming a lexicalized adverb, which\nshould be [generally written in kana](http://www.yamanouchi-\nyri.com/yrihp/techwrt-2-4s/t-2-4s03a.htm). (We still can say 不意の～, but I have\nnever heard ～は不意だ.) 次第に and 遂に are other examples of adverbs which are\ncommonly written in hiragana.",
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| 52664 | 52665 | 52665 |
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"body": "Using 動詞＋たり＋動詞＋たり ＋ するwe can describe a group actions.\n\nHows is this done when its a recieved action: ie て刑 ＋もらう・いだだく?\n\nie, Would: **Aをしてくれたり、Bをしてくれたり からありがたいです**\n\nor\n\n**Aをしたり、Bをしたり してもらったからありがたいです。**\n\nor something else be the best way to express that?\n\nSimilarly, I understand that a pair of actions done simultaneously can be\nexpressed using しながら, but can you, and if so how can you scale it to include\nmore than 2 verbs?\n\nie could you just say AをしながらBをしながらCをしまし? It seems verbose and unnatural but i\ndont know how to express doing say 3 things at once for example.",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Grouping verbs for simultaneously or received actions",
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"body": "You can use both forms.\n\n> * 声をかけてくれたり手伝ってくれたりしたので、Aさんには感謝しています。\n> * 声をかけたり手伝ったりしてくれたので、Aさんには感謝しています。\n>\n\nOr if the two verbs are suru-verbs, you can say:\n\n> * Aさんが応援してくれたり助言してくれたりしたことをありがたく思います。\n> * Aさんが応援したり助言したりしてくれたことをありがたく思います。\n>\n\nBut these are obviously wordy and complicated. \"Aさんに応援や助言をいただき、ありがたく思います\" or\nsomething similar would be better.\n\n(I chose other expressions for \"I appreciate ～\", because ～からありがたいです is\nuncommon in the first place. This is not related to your main problem.)",
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"body": "しばしばとたびたびの違いは何ですか?\n\nJLPT N2 の語彙の本でこの問題がありました。\n\n> 使い方が正しくない言葉の代わりに他の言葉を書きなさい。\n>\n\n>> 人というものは、たびたび自分の失敗を人のせいにする。\n\n答えの本を見ると、たびたびの代わりにしばしばが正しいそうです。でも私はたびたびとしばしばは同じ使い方だと思いましたので、答えはさっぱりわからないです。違いを教えていただけないでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-24T13:31:12.463",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
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"title": "しばしばとたびたびの違いを教えていただけないでしょうか",
"view_count": 1157
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{
"body": "* しばしば is rare in casual speech. \n\n> * その話ってたびたび(?しばしば)聞くよね。本当なの？\n\n * Only たびたび can refer to relatively frequent but undesirable actions. \n\n> * たびたび(×しばしば)メールをして申し訳ありません。\n> * たびたび(×しばしば)の変更の要求があったせいで、とても時間がかかってしまった。\n\n * たびたび tends to refer to repeated _actions_ that occur in a certain period of time. \n\n> * 彼らは先生の話を、たびたび(?しばしば)笑いながら聞いていた。\n\n * しばしば tends to refer to some generic characteristic which is not uncommon in a certain group. \n\n> * 日本語学習者にとって、漢字はしばしば(?たびたび)難しいことがある。\n> * 天才とはしばしば(×たびたび)変人でもある。\n> * 日本語の「青」は、しばしば(?たびたび)緑色も指す。\n\n(`×` indicates incorrect or highly unnatural; `?` indicates questionable (to\nme))\n\nMaybe the author of the textbook thought しばしば is correct because the sentence\ndescribes a general characteristic of human beings. That being said, I\npersonally think 人というものはたびたび自分の失敗を人のせいにする is not wrong. For the reason I\nalready mentioned, I feel たびたび sounds slightly more accusatory, whereas しばしば\nsounds slightly more matter-of-factly.",
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"body": "「一層」と「一段」と「なおさら」と「ぐっと」と「めっきり」の違いを教えていただけないでしょうか？",
"comment_count": 1,
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"title": "「一層」 「一段」 「なおさら」 「ぐっと」 「めっきり」",
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{
"body": "Related: [What is the difference between 一層, 一段と and\nより一層?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23041/what-is-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%A4-%E4%B8%80%E6%AE%B5%E3%81%A8-and-%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%A4)\n\n一段、一層 are already explained in this text a little bit. Now, let me use them in\nthe sentence of よいパソコン In the text. I suppose that using ぐっといいパソコン、めっきりいいパソコン\nto shop clerk is abstract.They might wonder how much better PCs you want to\nhave a look. On the other hand, 一層いいパソコン、一段いいパソコン、尚更いいパソコン are more concrete\nand it implies that you want to have a look at PCs which is better than you\nare checking now by one rank better or couple of ranks better PCs. So, it\nsounds more specific.",
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"body": "I wanted to write a short biography on my twitch account which I'm going to\nuse to get used to spoken Japanese, but I am a beginner so I had to write this\nsentence with my Japanese grammar handbook and a French-Japanese dictionary\nopen, and I wanted to be sure there was no mistake in order not to develop bad\nhabits.\n\nBasically, what I want to say is :\n\n\"I watch Japanese gamers on twitch because I try to understand spoken\nJapanese.\"\n\nWhich I wrote :\n\n「私は日本語会話を分かってみますからTwitchに日本のゲーマーズをみます。」\n\nAnd there are a few things I wonder about :\n\n * 「日本語会話」 means \"Japanese conversation\" if I got it right, but does it really convey the idea of spoken language ? Or is it rather to be used in the sense of a dialogue between two people only ?\n\nIn that last case, should I use「口語」? Jisho org says it's a No-adjective, so\nfrom what I understood, the resulting sentence would be :\n\n「私は口語の日本語を分かってみますからTwitchに日本のゲーマーズをみます。」\n\n * About the particle 「に」I used it as if Twitch was a physical place, is it okay, or is there another way to say \"on Twitch\" ?\n\n * To express the cause I've chosen to use 「から」, because it seemed to me that the form 「-て + みる」 wasn't a neutral form of the verb 「分かる」. But now I wonder if I could have used 「ので」had I written 「分かってみる」 instead of 「分かってみます」. Is it the case ?\n\n * A closely related question : is a place like Twitch, which is mainly used by people between 15 and 30 years old, a place where I should stick to the 「-ます」 form because don't really know who we are talking with, or would it be okay to use neutral forms as people there are still young and are here to share video game experiences which is not such a serious subject ?",
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"tags": [
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"て-form",
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"title": "「私は日本語会話を分かってみますからTwitchに日本のゲーマーズをみます。」",
"view_count": 256
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{
"body": "I'm going to try and answer some of your questions here. Hopefully someone\nbetter than me can fill in the rest and comment if I'm wrong on anything.\n\n 1. First of your english sentence feels very unnatural to me. Instead of \"try\" you should probably use \"want\" here, i.e \"I watch Japanese gamers on Twitch because I want to understand spoken Japanese.\"\n\n 2. I could be wrong here, but people say overuse of 私 when it's clear from the context is a common beginner mistake, and I think this is one of those situations. You don't need it.\n\n 3. Since 分かる is an intransitive verb, it takes the object of the action with が instead of を. \n\n 4. Since you are doing a continuous action you should you use ~ている (見ています).\n\n 5. Regarding \"on twitch\", there is and you need to use it in this situation. で is used to show the location of an action, so since you are using Twitch as a service to watch gamers you would use that instead of に. \n\n 6. In regards to polite vs casual speech, in my experience people always use polite speech in those situations. It's much more professional. It's just common etiquette. They don't necessarily use it in chat, but in profiles it's very common.\n\n 7. Regardining から&ので, based on my research から is used in subjective cases and ので in objective and factual cases, so since you want to convey your feelings I think から is a lot more natural here.\n\nAll in all, I would say something like \"日本語を勉強したいからTwitchで日本のゲーマーズを見ています\" in\nthis situation. It is not the same as your original message, but it conveys\nthe _overall_ message.",
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"body": "This sentence was translated as \"a cat that has eyes of different color\". Now\nusing my Spanish speaking mind I wouldn't phrase that sentence that way, it\nwould be `猫の目の色が違う.`\n\nSo how come it is `目の色が違う猫`?\n\nIs the way I wrote it also valid, or it is syntactically wrong or unnatural?",
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"tags": [
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Why is 猫 at the end of this sentence \"目の色が違う猫\"",
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{
"body": "> 目の色が違う猫\n\nHere, Spanish is in an opposite order to Japanese. Where in Spanish you might\nsay \"Un gato con ojos de colores diferentes\" (A cat with different colored\neyes), Japanese normally places its adverbs, adjectives, and noun\nmodifications before the noun. In a literal sense, think of this structure in\nthis form:\n\n> 目の色が違う猫 \n> \"eye's colors are different\" cat \n> \"el color de los ojos es diferente\" gato\n\nThis is somewhat closer to English's construction of placing descriptions\nbefore nouns. If we change the descriptive sentence of 目の色が違う to something\nsimple like 黒い, for example, this might make a bit more logical sense:\n\n> 黒い猫 -> \"black\" cat (un gato negro) \n> 白い猫 -> \"white\" cat (un gato blanco) \n> きれいな猫 -> \"clean/pretty\" cat (un gato limpio/bonito) \n>\n\nJapanese continues this sort of logical construction where in English it\nchanges when adding verbs, using the \"that\" or \"which\" connection:\n\n> 走っている猫 -> a cat which is running (un gato que corre) \n> 寝ている猫 -> a cat that is sleeping (un gato que duerme)\n\n... or using the \"with\" connection when talking about features:\n\n> 尻尾が白い猫 -> a cat with a white tail (un gato con cola blanca) \n> 目が青い猫 -> a cat with blue eyes (un gato con ojos azules) \n> 目の色が違う猫 -> a cat with different colored eyes (un gato con ojos de colores\n> diferentes)\n\nEDIT: As for the other sentence structure you mentioned:\n\n> 猫の目の色が違う\n\nThis is a simple, standard sentence. It means \"The eye color of the cat is\ndifferent/wrong/changed\"\n\nLet's parse both sentences to see why this is:\n\n> [ (目の色) が違う] 猫 \n> [ (eye color) is different ] cat \n> [ (color de ojo) es diferente ] gato\n\nThis is describing the cat. The cat's eye colors are different (from one\nanother).\n\n> [ 猫の (目の色) ] が違う \n> [ cat's (eye color) ] is different \n> [ del gato (color de ojo) ] es diferente\n\nThis is describing the difference. What is different? The cat's eye colors\n(not from one another, but from something else or a different time.)\n\nEDIT 2: Added Spanish into the examples.",
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"body": "> 猫の目の色が違う＝The cat has eyes in a different color. The color of the eyes of the\n> cat is different.\n\nThis is a sentence.\n\n> 目の色が違う猫=\"A cat that has eyes in different color\"\n\nThis is a noun **clause**. Not a (complete) sentence.\n\n> 私は、目の色が違う猫を 見たことがありません。 ＝I haven't seen cats that have eyes in different\n> colors.\n\nFor example, this is a sentence that has the noun clause.\n\nI just wonder if there is no (noun) **clause** in Spanish grammar, but I don't\nthink so.\n\nHope this helps!",
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"body": "The conjugation rules for **present-potential** and **past** verb forms are\nwell-documented online, but there doesn't seem to be as much information about\n**past-potential** conjugations.\n\nIf we can conjugate the present-potential form of a verb like this:\n\n * **五段**\n * 飲 **む** → 飲 **める**\n * 飲 **み** ます → 飲 **め** ます\n * 飲 **ま** ない → 飲 **め** ない\n * 飲 **み** ません → 飲 **め** ません\n * **一段**\n * 食べる → 食べ **られ** る\n * 食べます → 食べ **られ** ます\n * 食べない → 食べ **られ** ない\n * 食べません → 食べ **られ** ません\n * **来る**\n * **く** る → **こられ** る\n * **き** ます → **こられ** ます\n * **こ** ない → **こられ** ない\n * **き** ません → **こられ** ません\n * **する**\n * **す** る → **でき** る\n * **し** ます → **でき** ます\n * **し** ない → **でき** ない\n * **し** ません → **でき** ません\n\n...then I'd imagine that the past-potential form could be conjugated as\nfollows:\n\n * **五段**\n * 飲ん **だ** → 飲ん **でる**\n * 飲 **み** ました → 飲 **め** ました\n * 飲 **ま** なかった → 飲 **め** なかった\n * 飲 **み** ませんでした → 飲 **め** ませんでした\n * **一段**\n * 食べた → 食べ **られ** た\n * 食べました → 食べ **られ** ました\n * 食べなかった → 食べ **られ** なかった\n * 食べませんでした → 食べ **られ** ませんでした\n * **来る**\n * **き** た → **こられ** た\n * **き** ました → **こられ** ました\n * **こ** なかった → **こられ** なかった\n * **き** ませんでした → **こられ** ませんでした\n * **する**\n * **し** た → **でき** た\n * **し** ました → **でき** ました\n * **し** なかった → **でき** なかった\n * **し** ませんでした → **でき** ませんでした\n\nI came across [this page](https://www.italki.com/question/401015) during my\nsearches, and it seems to back up how I think that these conjugations should\nwork (though it doesn't mention the rules for する or 来る).\n\nAre the examples I've given above correct?\n\n(Bonus question: Are past-potential conjugations uncommon/not actually used?\nI'm trying to understand why they don't seem to be mentioned as often as [the\nother variations](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?1W%CD%E8%A4%EB_vk)\nare.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-24T21:27:17.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "9212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "How can I conjugate a past-potential verb?",
"view_count": 2668
} | [
{
"body": "It's not conjugated like that, but it's an easy mistake to make :)\n\nThe mistake you made was trying to convert a past tense word into a past\npotential word, when you have to do the reverse to make it work.\n\nThat's to say, you need to convert a verb to its potential form and then turn\nthat into its past.\n\n食べる → 食べられる → 食べられた\n\n飲む → 飲める → 飲めた",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-24T22:22:18.663",
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| 52678 | 52680 | 52680 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I come to my realization that I should use the particle が to introduce a new\nthing that a listener does not know about (and intend to know about). For\nexample:\n\n> トニー：このオープニングはいいですね。 \n> ルーシー：トニーくんの言ったことに加えて、これが私の大好きなものです。\n\n * Tony: This anime opening is good.\n * Lucy: In addition to that, it is my favorite part. (particle が is used).\n\nTony is the listener, and he doesn't know the fact about Lucy. When Lucy says\nthe fact, particle が is used, not particle は.\n\nParticle が and は are very confusing. I hope someone will help me with this.\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-24T23:43:04.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Is it the easy way to remember to use が?",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "Since このオープニング is already introduced in the トニー's remark, you would use は and\nsay これは私の大好きなものです unless there are other reasons.\n\nWhen you say これが…大好きなもの, it implies that it's what ルーシー likes among several\nchoices.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T02:58:50.787",
"id": "52688",
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| 52683 | null | 52688 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52686",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "And how should the sentence be translated? \"It's a beautiful green town\"?\n\"It's a beautifuly green town\"? \"It's a greenish beautiful town\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T01:14:39.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52684",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-25T01:17:38.027",
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"owner_user_id": "25526",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "In the sentence「みどりがきれいなまちです」, why is が used?",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "みどり in this sentence is not an adjective (\"green\", \"greenish\"), but a noun\nmeaning \"greenery\".\n\nきれい is an adjective modifying the above noun.\n\nThe whole sentence reads then as \"It is a town with beautiful greenery\".\n\n* * *\n\nが in effect does not connect two adjectives, but a part of relative clause.\nEither みどりのきれい or みどりがきれい can be used here, see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/11104).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-25T01:47:14.583",
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"score": 3
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| 52684 | 52686 | 52686 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52687",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In previous lesson, my teacher gave me this grammar. And there's an example\nabout it:\n\n```\n\n どんな人がいれば、結婚しますか? (*)\n \n```\n\nGenerally , it can be translated as: What kind of person would you marry? But\nwhat makes me confused is:\n\n```\n\n どんな人と結婚しますか?\n \n```\n\nAre there any differences between them? I just can't get enough with the Vば.\nCan anyone help me literally explain that (*) ? Also there're also some\nsimilar,such as: `どこへ行けば`,...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T01:35:49.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52685",
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"owner_user_id": "19758",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "疑問詞(interrogative word) + Vば",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "I assume you already know the particle ば for condition (\"if\", \"when\").\n\nYou don't have to think of it as a special construction. To understand the\ndifference, just imagine what a typical answer for each question would be. It\nshould be a simple grammatical operation; just replace どんな with something, and\ndrop か:\n\n 1. どんな人がいれば、結婚しますか? \n→ 優しい人がいれば、結婚します。 If there is a kind person, I will marry him/her.\n\n 2. どんな人と結婚しますか? \n→ 優しい人と結婚します。 I will marry a (certain) kind person.\n\nSo in the first question, the questioner doesn't have an assumption whether\nthe other person will ever marry someone. Or the questioner may be thinking he\nis reluctant to marry someone (i.e., \"I know you don't to want to marry\nanyone, but _if_ you would marry someone, what kind of person she would be?\").\n\nOn the other hand, in the second question, the questioner already knows the\nother person will marry someone in the near future, and is just asking what\nkind of person he marries.\n\nUnsurprisingly, regarding どこへいけば, it is used when you expect an answer like\n秋葉原へ行けばパソコンが買えます, 京都へ行けばたくさんのお寺が見えます, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T02:44:25.603",
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| 52685 | 52687 | 52687 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52690",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was studying some particles and I already understood the difference between\nof が and は. Also the function of the particle を and its usage. I wonder if it\nis possible to NOT use it in a phrase? Take a look at the example below.\n\n> ねこがこいぬ **を** いじめていた。- A cat was bullying a puppy\n\nDo we really need that mora を after _the puppy_ object there?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T03:34:26.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52689",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-25T12:54:57.090",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-25T04:29:19.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "25472",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Should I always use を after an object?",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "Ok let me give a proper answer. First of all, I think you have a typo in your\nexample since いじのてた does not mean anything and I believe you probably mean\nいじめていた from the verb 苛｛いじ｝める that means \"to tease, to torment, to persecute\"\netc.\n\n**EDIT 2:** After all the comments, I will re-organize my answer trying to\naddress all the points in hope everyone will be happy with it. In particular\nthere was a stupid mistake I will remove.\n\nI will cut it short and say that the answer to your question is, in my\nopinion: it depends (hence no, you don't always need を after the object).\n\nTake this simple example: _I can speak Japanese_ , that is:\n\n> （私は）日本語 **を** 話せます。\n\nIn this case you need を.\n\nHowever, if you are casually talking with someone you would say:\n\n> （私は）日本語話せるよ。\n\nThis second one, in the right context, is also acceptable. If you were talking\nin a casual register with your friends but stuffed all the particles at the\nright place it would probably sound a bit weird. However, do not confuse\ngrammar with formal/informal speech. Grammar would want you to put that\nparticle there. In general in written text you always must put the particles\nwhere needed. However, I think that since we live in an era where instant\nmessaging led to an extreme increase of \"informal\" text, it's also important\nto mention that even in \"written text\" depending on the context it is\nacceptable to omit を (as well as all other particles). Again, bear in mind\nthis is not grammatical.\n\nNow the trick. If you simply ask about placing を after the object, then\ncertainly you do not need always を. Consider the following:\n\n> 私は日本語 **が** 話せます。\n>\n> 私は日本語 **も** 話せます。\n\nThese also make perfect sense! For example, if you want to express that\nJapanese is the language you can speak, among others that you can't you would\nuse が. If you are saying that you speak Japanese as well as other languages,\nyou would use も. These are two examples of sentences where the object is not\nfollowed by を.\n\nThere is another important example that came to mind thinking of this\nthoroughly (and thanks to all the comments that made me do so). That is:\n\nYou can omit を when you change the structure of the sentence making what the\nparticle を is indicating the \"topic\" of the sentence. What does this mean?\n\nI could use the same example from above but let's make a different one:\n\n> （私は）コンビニでこの弁当{べんとう} **を** 買{か}いました.\n\nI (subject) bought this bento (object) at the convenience store.\n\nNow make the bento the topic of the sentence, that is:\n\n> この弁当 **は** コンビニで買いました.\n\nNotice that the bento is still the object here (although omitted you, who are\nbuying, are the subject of the sentence).\n\nThis is another example where を after an object is omitted, or better replaced\nby は. Maybe it just follows in the category above where simply another\nparticle is used but I think could be interesting to point out as well.\n\n**Bottom line** : not necessarily the object of a sentence is always followed\nby を. You can indeed use other particles depending on the context and what you\nactually want to express, or omit it completely if you are having a casual\nconversation (whether oral or written).",
"comment_count": 17,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T04:34:12.273",
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| 52689 | 52690 | 52690 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52692",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I understand, the expression 「〜のかと」 can be used to express the\nspeaker thinking something might happen, as in 「〜のかと思って」. However in the below\npassage I am having trouble understanding what it means in context.\n\n>\n> 僕は、彼女の手のひらにも、汗がにじんでいるのを感じた。炎が、夜空の闇を照らしている。大切な文字が燃える、燃える。焦る。頬を汗が伝うのが分かった。ゆらぎ子が手を離さない。運転手を見た。\n> **目をそらすのかと** 彼女が手を握りしめたとき、その強さに、僕は諦めた。車は走り出した。\n\nI think my biggest confusion here is who is the subject of 「目をそらす」. Is the\nspeaker saying that she (彼女) gripped his hand tightly, as if she might look\naway? This doesn't seem to fit. Or is he saying that he was going to look away\n(from the taxi driver?) but then she gripped his hand tightly?\n\nNone of the interpretations seem to fit to me.\n\nIf someone can help me understand, I'd appreciate it.\n\nUpdate: You can see this paragraph in context\n[here](https://kakuyomu.jp/works/1177354054880721135/episodes/1177354054880721477).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-25T05:13:46.567",
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"id": "52691",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-25T06:03:09.037",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"subjects"
],
"title": "Identification of the subject of「目をそらすかと。。。」",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "So they have been looking at each other, right?\n\nThen this 目をそらすのかと彼女が手を握りしめた implies she gripped his hand as if she were\nsaying \"Are you looking away from me? (i.e,. Don't look at the driver! Keep\nwatching me!)\" 僕は諦めた that follows would mean \"so I gave up looking at the\ndriver, and kept watching her.\"\n\nIf this still makes no sense, please provide a larger context.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** Looks like my initial interpretation was wrong. Actually the\nprotagonist was watching the \"burning letters\", and 彼女 gripped his hand as if\nshe were saying \"Are you looking away from the burning letters? (i.e., Stop it\nif you are thinking of something dangerous! All we can do now is to keep\nwatching!)\" And this 僕は諦めた seems to mean he gave up trying to go back and\nrescue the letters.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T05:41:32.363",
"id": "52692",
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| 52691 | 52692 | 52692 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52695",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wonder if I can be more creative and replace 行くwith other verbs.\n\n> トニーくんは皆さんのためにコーヒー準備しに部屋を出ました。(1)\n>\n> トニーくんは部屋を出て皆さんのためにコーヒー準備しました。(2)\n\n * Tony left the room to prepare coffee for everyone. (1)\n * Tony left the room and prepared coffee for everyone. (2)\n\nThe first sentence sounds more natural if 行くcan be replaced with 出る, since\nboth Japanese verbs express direction. I want to know if I am doing it the\nacceptable way. Thank you.\n\nEDIT: I meant, the meaning will change depending on the last verb used.\n\n * に行く: Go to do something \n * に出る: Leave (a place) to do something\n\nA demonstrating example with 行く even though it is irrelevant :\n\n> 昨日 トニーくんは勉強しに図書館に行きました。(3)\n\n * Yesterday Tony went to the library to study.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-25T09:16:22.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52693",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-25T14:24:21.007",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs-of-motion"
],
"title": "に行く grammar with 行く replaced by other verbs",
"view_count": 699
} | [
{
"body": "One of the functions of the に particle is showing the purpose/goal of an\naction\n([動作・作用の目的を表す)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AB-590835#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88),\nie \"買いに行く\", so you can replace 行く, but as Chocolate helpfully corrected me in\nthe comments, the way you express this in Japanese changes depending on\nwhether or not the verb expresses movement.\n\nIf it is a movement verb, such as 行く/来る/帰る, you use the 連用形{れんようけい} form/masu\nstem of the action or a noun that expresses an action + に + the movement verb.\n\nExamples: \n\n> 友達が遊びに来るんだ。 \n> 買いに行く。 \n> 映画を見に行く。 \n> 買い物に行きます。\n\nIf you are using any other verb except for that, you need to add の before に.\n\nExamples: \n\n> ご飯を食べるのに使うお茶碗 \n> えんぴつは字を書くのに使います。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-25T10:06:37.453",
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| 52693 | 52695 | 52695 |
{
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"body": "I understand that 日本はどうですか can mean a suggestion, like somebody is wondering\n\"where should I go on vacation?\" and somebody else answers \"日本はどうですか？\" -\n\"maybe Japan, how about Japan?\" but I tried making a sentence meaning \"how do\nyou like Japan?\" or \"how is Japan?\" and I feel like 日本はどうですか also works.\n\nAm I right? Could I ask 日本はどうですか to ask somebody visiting Japan what their\nimpression of Japan is?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T09:25:36.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52694",
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"owner_user_id": "18408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of 日本はどうですか",
"view_count": 2140
} | [
{
"body": ">\n> **日本はどうですか。＝日本を選んだらどうですか。（日本を選ぶといいのではないでしょうか。）＝日本にすればどうですか。（日本にすると良いのではないでしょうか。）**\n\nHow about Japan? How about choosing Japan? How about visiting Japan?\n\n> **日本はどうですか。＝日本をどう思いますか。＝日本に住んでみてどう思いますか。＝日本に行ってみてどう思いますか。**\n\nWhat do you think about Japan? What is your comment/thought/impression about\nJapan?\n\nYou're right! There are two interpretations about 日本はどうですか。",
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| 52694 | 52696 | 52696 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52703",
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"body": "So, I was talking to this girl about how I like japan and she asked me that:\n\n> 日本にきていやな思いとか一いつもしなかった？\n\nThere are somethings I don't get, first the parsing...\n\n> 日本にきて\n>\n> いやな思いとか\n>\n> 一いつもしなかった？\n\nIs my parsing correct?\n\nNow for the meanings I don't get:\n\n> いやな思い Is this the いや that means negative/bad? so a bad feeling or bad\n> thought?\n>\n> 一いつも I Just don't get why there is a 一 before いつも\n\nMy full attempt in translating is\n\n> **Did you have any bad impressions after coming to Japan?**\n\nEven if my attempt is correct, can you help me clear these points?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T21:00:21.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52700",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-26T11:51:56.450",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Meaning of いやな思い?",
"view_count": 626
} | [
{
"body": "Are you texting the message with a girl, right? I guess 一 is mystyped with\nいつも. Parsing aside I don't think that no mistakes in translation. I think\n嫌な思いをする means that you have met a thing which makes you feel unpleasant. So,\nshe asked if you had encountered any unpleasant, bad or strange things .",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-25T21:15:04.683",
"id": "52701",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-25T21:31:42.793",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-25T21:31:42.793",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Did you copy it as it was?\n\n> 日本にきていやな思いとか一いつもしなかった？\n\nThe `一` before いつも is a kanji 一【いち】, not a long vowel marker or a dash. You\ncan confirm it by copying it to somewhere else and apply some serif font.\nWhile a dash or a long vowel marker can be typed just by pressing `-`, the\nkanji 一 is unlikely to appear by a simple mistype.\n\nSo I think she really wanted the kanji 一. I think it's a typo for 一つも【ひとつも】\n(\"even once\"). Maybe she typed `1つも` first, and then tried to correct it to\n`一つも`.\n\n> 日本にきていやな思いとかひとつもしなかった？ \n> So, after coming to Japan, you did not experience bad things even once?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T00:58:50.680",
"id": "52703",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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},
{
"body": "> 嫌｛いや｝な思｛おも｝いをする\n\nThis is a set phrase whose meaning is explained in other answers.\n\nIn this phrase, as you know, 嫌な is an adjective meaning _unpleasant_ , 思い is a\nnoun meaning _feelings, emotion, sentiment_ or _experience_ and する means _to\nfeel_ or _to experience_.\n\nAs for 思い, please look it up in jisho.org\n[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84), then you'll find\ninteresting meanings words related to 思い, also look up 思｛おも｝い出｛で｝\n[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84%E5%87%BA).\n\nThe antonym of the phrase 嫌な思いをする is 良い思いをする. \"良い\" is normally pronounced as\n\"よい\", but it is usually pronounced as \"いい\" in this phrase.\n\n\"日本でいい思いをしてください。 _I hope you will experience pleasant feelings/things in\nJapan_ \", and \"良い思い出をたくさん作ってください。 _Please make a lot of good memories while\nstaying in Japan_ \".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T05:24:55.837",
"id": "52705",
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}
]
| 52700 | 52703 | 52703 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52725",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm confused by the use of だけじゃ in this paragraph:\n\n> たしかに、レスラーの試合があって大会は成り立ってますけどね。でも、やはりあの最高の空間であり、最高の試合っていうものはレスラー **だけじゃ**\n> 作れないですから。と、ボクは思ってますからね。ボクが思ってることが正しいか、正しくないかはわからないけど、ボクはそう思ってますから。で、先ほども言いましたけど、口に出さないと何も伝わらないですから。『ありがとう』って思ってる\n> **だけじゃ** 、誰にも何も伝わらないですから。なので、素直の気持ちを昨日リング上で言わせていただきました」\n\nIn this first sentence:\n\n> やはりあの最高の空間であり、最高の試合っていうものはレスラー **だけじゃ** 作れないですから\n\nIt should be saying something like \"Wrestlers alone can't produce great\nmatches\" but I'm not sure how to interpret it.\n\nAnd in this second one:\n\n> 『ありがとう』って思ってる **だけじゃ** 、誰にも何も伝わらないですから。なので、素直の気持ちを昨日リング上で言わせていただきました」\n\nIt should be saying something like \"I felt grateful and needed to say so\" but\nit looks like he's saying \"I don't want to say nothing to no one\". So. that\npart 誰にも何も伝わらない is really confusing.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T02:31:13.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52704",
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"interpretation",
"negation"
],
"title": "How to interpret だけじゃ with negative verbs?",
"view_count": 860
} | [
{
"body": "In this sentence, だけじゃ means だけじゃ不十分 not good enough.\n\nやはりあの最高の空間であり、最高の試合っていうものはレスラーだけじゃ作れないですから.\n\nThe wrestlers are not good enough to produce a great match and great\natmosphere.\n\n誰にも何も伝わらない looks multiple negations.\n\nBut I think that single negative, it means\n\nanyone 誰でも\n\nanything 何でも\n\nI can't tell 伝わらない\n\nusing anyone in a negative sentence. I can't tell anything. 何も伝えられない。\n\nusing anybody in a negative sentence. Don't tell this to anyone. 誰にも伝えないで。\n\nThen, I can't tell anything to anyone. 誰にも何も伝わらない\n\n『ありがとう』って思ってるだけじゃ、誰にも何も伝わらないですから.\n\nJust feeling grateful is not good enough. Just feeling grateful does not tell\nanything to anyone.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T05:42:06.197",
"id": "52706",
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{
"body": "Let's fix it into the affirmative form.\n\n「ありがとう」と思ってるだけ **で** 、誰にでも何でも伝わる: Only with thinking \"thank you\", whatever can\npenetrate to whomever. (Here, this で is instrumental case and means cause or\ncondition.)\n\nWhen you change it to the negation form, it's ありがとうと思ってるだけで **は** 、誰にも何も伝わらない:\nYou can't tell anything to anyone only with thinking \"thank you\". (This は\nmeans that the condition of thinking \"thank you\" is not a sufficient condition\nfor nothing being penetrable.)\n\nWith では contracted, it becomes the same as the example sentence. So, it means\n\"you can't tell anything to anyone just because you secretly thank people\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T04:19:45.927",
"id": "52725",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"score": 2
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]
| 52704 | 52725 | 52725 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52710",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> いじめの問題が起こったとき、学校が最初に調査をすると法律で決まっています。しかし、学校が調査をするとき、子どもの親など **と**\n> トラブルになることが増えています。裁判になったことも５年で２０件以上ありました。 \n> When the problem of bullying occurs the law says that the school will\n> investigate from the outset. However, when a school investigates, _the\n> number of incidents where_ the children's parents _become troubled_ is\n> increasing. There has also been over 20 裁判になったこと in _the last_ 5 years.\n\nI'm not familiar with the word トラブル. Does トラブルになる mean \"become inconvenienced\"\nor does it mean \"get into trouble\" i.e. displease someone?\n\nI can't understand what the と in 子どもの親などと is doing. I think I must be\ncompletely misunderstanding 子どもの親などとトラブルになること.\n\nI'm guessing that 裁判になったこと (literally \"thing that became a judgment\") means\n'prosecutions'. Is this a set phrase? Have I misunderstood?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T16:58:47.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52709",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-27T06:15:22.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of と together with トラブルになる",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "とトラブルになる means \"get into trouble with\", so 子どもの親などとトラブルになること means \"to get\ninto trouble with parents of children\".\n\n裁判になる means \"to be put on trial\". It means 'prosecutions' as you said.\n\nIf the subjects are added, it would be easy to understand. It is\nしかし、学校が調査をするとき、(学校が)子どもの親などとトラブルになることが増えています。(そのトラブルが)裁判になったことも５年で２０件以上ありました。\n\nI am translated this sentence as \"However, when a school investigates, the\nnumber of troubles between schools and parents of children are increasing. The\nnumber of the troubles which was put on trial was over 20 in the last 5\nyears.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T17:53:35.800",
"id": "52710",
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}
]
| 52709 | 52710 | 52710 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japanese language have 3 groups of verbs nowadays and they are called\n\n> * GROUP #1 = 五段動詞\n>\n> * GROUP #2 = 一段動詞\n>\n> * GROUP #3 = \"Irregular Verbs\"\n>\n>\n\nI realised that in the past were two other groups but in a modern japanese\nclass how do they called the irregular verbs in japanese 来る and する?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T18:33:42.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52711",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-25T23:45:35.367",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-26T18:50:43.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "19322",
"owner_user_id": "19322",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How do we call the 3rd group of verbs in Japanese?",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "> 来る＝カ行変格活用動詞\n>\n> する＝サ行変格活用動詞\n\nQuoted from the **Sweeper** 's comment above.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T23:03:26.033",
"id": "52715",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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| 52711 | null | 52715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is a question from 日本城郭検定 in 2015:\n\n> 今回の指定は、城が完成した年を裏付ける祈祷札の **再発見による所が大きい** 。この祈祷札に書かれていた年号はどれか。\n\nAnd this is the same question in 2017 edition of the test:\n\n> 2015年の松江城の国宝指定は、城の完成した年を裏付ける祈祷札が **再発見されたことが大きい** 。祈祷札に書かれていた年号はどれか。\n\ni am perfectly fine with the first question: \"the designation was largely\ninfluenced by the discovery ...\", however I cannot make sense of what happened\nin the latter form.\n\nIs it a simple mistake (i.e. it should be in fact 再発見されたことによる所が大きい), or does\nthe latter question make sense?\n\nAnd if it is correct and makes sense, why?\n\nBy \" **why** \" I mean: please provide references or examples of the usage of\nthis form. I can't find any.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T22:59:20.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52713",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-28T23:55:00.863",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-26T23:33:07.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is ことが大きい a synonym of による所が大きい?",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "The latter sentence also makes sense perfectly to me. The second sentence\nmerely paraphrased the first sentence. It would be easier for you to\nunderstand if you paraphrase 指定は to 指定には.\n\n> 指定は、 **祈祷札の再発見** による所が大きい。\n\nThe designation was largely influenced by/contributed by/due to the discovery\nof the 祈祷札.\"\n\n> 指定(に）は、 **祈祷札が再発見された** ことが大きい。\n\nTo have been discovered the 祈祷札 is **a big thing/point** regarding the\ndesignation.\n\nThis is merely my guess, but the writer basically just wanted to edit 今回の指定 to\n2015年の指定, but as he was proceeding to type, he just typed 祈祷札が instead of\n祈祷札の. So he had to change the noun 再発見 to the verb 再発見された, and had to change\nthe rest of the part as well.\n\n> 指定は、 **祈祷札が再発見された** ことによる所が大きい。\n\nThis is also grammatically correct, but it seems redundant. So he would have\nchoose the shorter version.\n\nIf you search Google, entering [\"ことが大きい。\"], you can get a lot of sentences to\nuse it. This is the evidence that native speakers use this expression,\nalthough you don't think it is correct because there is no explanation by\ndictionaries.\n\nIn my opinion, ことが大きい may be a little childish than 寄与している所が大きい or some other\n\"sophisticated\" expressions, but it's simple and fundamental, jut like \" **a\nbig thin** g\" in English.\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-26T23:29:49.570",
"id": "52716",
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},
{
"body": "The second example is correct, too.\n\nThe first example includes an expression that clearly stands for causal\nrelationship between the \"re-discovery\" and the \"designation\" i.e 再発見によるところ.\n\nOn the other hand, the second one apparently lacks it. However, it's natural\nfor the こと as in 再発見されたこと, especially combined with が大きい, to be interpreted as\na \"factor\" rather than a mere \"thing\". In other words, 再発見されたことが大きい can be\ntranslated into \"the fact that it was re-discovered was big\" or \"it being re-\ndiscovered was a major factor\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T00:53:13.803",
"id": "52719",
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| 52713 | null | 52716 |
{
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"body": "Does ような work as a pre-noun adjectival in this two sentences?\n\n> 1. これに匹敵する **ような** 車は日本ではずっと高いでしょう。\n> 2. 各大会で多くの方があなたのグッズを身にまとい一大ブームとなっており、かつてのnWoに匹敵する **ような** 状態となってます。\n>\n\nBecause when I look for sentences using ような I mostly sentences like these:\n\n> 1. あの人を見たような気がしました。\n> 2. 彼は、何も言いたくないような、押し黙った表情をしてる。\n>\n\nWhich seem to be just よう(noun) + な and not pre-noun adjectival. \nOr should I treat all this 匹敵するような as one phrase?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T01:55:41.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52720",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is this a pre-noun adjectival?",
"view_count": 882
} | [
{
"body": "Top two is comparable in quality.\n\n 1. I suppose that the Cars similar to this in quality are way more expensive in Japan.\n\n 2. In every tournament, a lot of people wearing your merchandises is making huge phenomenon which is as popular as nWo used to be.\n\nBottom two is an assumption.\n\n 1. I have felt as if I had seen that person.\n\n 2. He is poker-faced as if he would not want to say anything.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T04:41:11.890",
"id": "52726",
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}
]
| 52720 | null | 52726 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do you pronounce 自重? Is it じじゅう or じちょう? In this context, what does it\nmean?\n\nThe entire sentence is,\n\n> その **自重** を支える魂の翼持つ「冒険者」よ、竜と巨人が、魔獣と亜人が住まう、幻想の世界セルデシア。\n\nWhat does this phrase mean approximately?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T03:27:04.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52723",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-27T03:51:08.287",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-27T03:51:08.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "25545",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 自重を支える mean?",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "I'd like to know the whole sentence because the の doesn't make sense.\n\n> その自重を支える魂の翼持つ「冒険者」よ\n\nmeans:\n\n> **_Hey, the \"adventurers\" who have the spiritual/imaginary wings to support\n> their weight, ..._**\n\nIn this context, it's obvious that\n\n**自重（じじゅう）= the weight of oneself = one's weight** .\n\n自重（じちょう）する means to \"to take good care of oneself\" and it doesn't fit in this\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T03:36:15.790",
"id": "52724",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-27T03:44:33.837",
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"parent_id": "52723",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52723 | null | 52724 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52733",
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"body": "Someone has left the following comment on a music video on youtube: 「Crying\nEnd Rollは名盤、はっきりわかんだね。」\n\nCrying end roll is the name of the album, which the song in the video is on.\nis わかん a shortening of わかる？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T08:45:17.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52729",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-20T05:21:26.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words",
"slang"
],
"title": "what does わかん mean?",
"view_count": 1341
} | [
{
"body": "Yes! I think so.\n\nはっきりわかるのだね。---> はっきりわかるんだね。---> はっきりわかんだね。",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T08:58:08.977",
"id": "52730",
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},
{
"body": "わかんだ is not used in modern standard Japanese. If this ん were explanatory-の/ん,\nit requires a dictionary form of before it. わかるだ/わかんだ exists in some\nEastern/Nothern dialects, but it sounds fairly provincial.\n\nIn fact, this [はっきりわかんだね](http://netyougo.com/2ch/9037.html) is one of so-\ncalled\n[淫夢語](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E6%B7%AB%E5%A4%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%8C%B2\\(coat\\)),\nan Internet meme based on a certain gay porn video series. Semantically it\njust means something like \"That's for sure.\" Some words originating from this\nvideo series are quite popular among net users, and many people are using them\neven without knowing their origin.\n\nAnyway, はっきりわかんだね is broken as a proper Japanese expression. Use it only when\nyou know what you are doing.\n\n**EDIT:** As @goldbrick pointed out, there are cases where 分かん, 飲めん, 来てん, and\nsuch can directly attach to だよ, だな, だろ, etc. They sound rough but not\nparticularly dialectal. 分かん can be a sound change of both 分かる and 分かるの,\ndepending on the context. Nevertheless, わかんだね sounds rare to me, presumably\nbecause it's a mixture of rough and mild expressions.",
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| 52729 | 52733 | 52733 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52732",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "this phrase is usually used to describe either getting through a hard\nsituation or overcoming something considerably difficult or unpleasant; ie how\nwill you manage to navigate without your smartphone? 大丈夫、なんとかなるよ Basically i\nunderstand it to mean 'somehow or other'\n\nIs it unnatural to use it for negative uses of 'somehow or other'? for example\n- hes really good at speaking japanese in every day life and he studies all\nthe time, but somehow he failed. ... for that situation could you say\nなんとか失敗した。?\n\nSounds wierd to be, so if im right that it is weird, what would you use\ninstead there?",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Is なんとかなる only for positive things?",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "No, なんとか失敗した is weird. It sounds like \"I managed to fail\", as if you actually\nwanted to fail. なんとかならなかった means \"I could not manage it\", \"I couldn't make it,\nafter all\", etc.\n\n\"Somehow he failed\" is {なぜだか/なぜか/なんか/なんだか}彼は失敗した.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T09:19:47.880",
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| 52731 | 52732 | 52732 |
{
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"body": "See the final few seconds of this video\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AUFzK2WL6Y>\n\nto see 「ぼくは麻理 のなか」\n\nI am in ... what?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T10:23:33.710",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "what does 麻理 mean?",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "麻里（マリ）would be the name of the girl.",
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| 52734 | null | 52735 |
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"body": "**Hello,**\n\nEver since I came across this word **内向きの for \"Introvert\"** online, I have\nbeen questioning whether its the proper japanese for it? I'm planning to use\nthe word for a profile, and wanted to make sure i was using the correct word.\n\nI have noticed several variations of this word.\n\n**Thanks a bunch! DCardinal**",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T11:23:01.100",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Is 内向きの really the best word to describe \"introvert?\"",
"view_count": 639
} | [
{
"body": "No, it isn't. 内向的(な性格)、内気(な性格)、内省的(な性格) would be more common.",
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| 52736 | null | 52741 |
{
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"body": "in a manga about management, someone says 主張し合っても不味いだけ\n\nDoes this mean something like 'bring assertions together'? or come to an\nagreement when you have two different assertions/ideas that might not\nneccesarily fit together initially?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T12:06:18.030",
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"id": "52738",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "what does 主張し合う mean?",
"view_count": 288
} | [
{
"body": "If the people **insist on each one's own right/opinion/idea** _and never\ncompromise_ , it just doesn't work (or everyone just doesn't feel good).\n\nThe sentence means: \"To compromise is a wise decision.\" \"We have to compromise\nmore or less in order to be happy/harmonious.\" or something like that.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T12:29:23.160",
"id": "52740",
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"body": "Contrary to Seesawscene's answer, I think that the given sentence means only\n\"no matter how much you guys insist on your opinion, you can never get good\nresults\".\n\nOf course I understand it is natural that the speaker thought \"to compromise\nis a wise decision\" or something like that when he said the phrase.",
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"body": "The phrase ... し合う, as in 愛し合う, 殺し合う, ののしり合う, denotes the **_reciprocal_**\nnature of the action in question: \"they love **_each other_** \", \"they kill\n**_one another_** \", \"they hurl abuse at **_each other_** \".\n\nIn the case of 主張し合う, they **_each_** (vehemently) voice their own conflicting\nopinions.\n\nThe phrase corresponds to \" ** _s'entre_** -tuer\", \" ** _s'entr_** aider\" in\nFrench.",
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| 52738 | 52750 | 52740 |
{
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"body": "When I play sports in Japan I hear おしい！a lot when for example a shot is almost\nin, but just out, or if you just about lose a closely contested point or game.\n\nIs there a way to say a match or game was close without including the\ndissapointment connotation of おしい (dissapointing in the dictionary)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T12:24:15.960",
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"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say 'close' as in a close contest?",
"view_count": 1194
} | [
{
"body": "惜しい＝close, almost (made it)\n\nI do not think that 惜しい always has the disappointment connotation. It is just\nthe same as the English words, \"close\" and \"almost.\" In many situations,\nhowever, the disappointment connotation would be involved because \"it was\n_close_.\"\n\nOther expressions would be:\n\n**接戦** に敗れた。\n\n**僅差** で敗れた。\n\n**接戦** だった。\n\n（接戦を制した。=won the game)",
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| 52739 | 52742 | 52742 |
{
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"body": "I came across a lot of Japanese words meaning \"feeling\" (as can be seen in\nJisho.org):\n\n * 感情{かんじょう} ( _kanjou_ )\n * 気持ち{きもち} ( _kimochi_ )\n * 感覚{かんかく} ( _kankaku_ )\n * 感じ{かんじ} ( _kanji_ )\n * 心持ち{こころもち} ( _kokoromochi_ )\n * 心地{ここち} ( _kokochi_ )\n * 感触{かんしょく} ( _kanshoku_ )\n * 情感{じょうかん} ( _joukan_ )\n * 情緒{じょうちょ} ( _joucho_ )\n\nMost are already covered in [this question from\n2014](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15472/), but unfortunately,\nnot all of them. Therefore, my question here is supposed to be a continuation\nof that question, to fill the gaps of the missing words, and by no means a\nduplicate.\n\nThe words that weren't addressed in the linked question are the last four:\n\n * 心地{ここち} ( _kokochi_ )\n * 感触{かんしょく} ( _kanshoku_ )\n * 情感{じょうかん} ( _joukan_ )\n * 情緒{じょうちょ} ( _joucho_ )\n\nWhat are the differences in usage among them all? And can all of them be used\nin casual speech?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T14:41:41.037",
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"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Another four words meaning \"feeling\", what are their differences?",
"view_count": 2604
} | [
{
"body": "When all’s said and done, you could only grasp their difference in meaning by\nusing these nouns in commonly used, practical phrases:\n\n生きた **心地** がしなかった : I **_felt like_** my heart was in my mouth (as the chopper\nwas caught in a thunderstorm).\n\nひんやりとした **感触** です: (something) **_feels_** cool **_to the touch_**\n\n**情感** 豊かにピアノで曲を演奏する: play a piano piece in a way that **_moves_** people's\n**_hearts_**\n\n**情緒** 不安定: the state of being **_emotionally_** unstable",
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| 52743 | null | 52753 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52766",
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"body": "> 日本で去年亡くなった人は約１３０万人で、２０年前の１．５倍ぐらいになっています。自分が亡くなった **あと**\n> の葬式や墓について考えている人も増えています。 \n> 1.3 million people died in Japan last year; around 1.5 times as many as 20\n> years ago. The number of people who are thinking about funerals and graves\n> after their own death is also increasing.\n\nI'm uncertain about how to parse this part: 自分が亡くなったあとの葬式や墓. Initially I saw\nthis as a verb in past tense followed by あと so it must mean 'after doing verb'\nbut I've never seen this whole structure act like a noun before, which it\nseems to be doing here. The dictionary also said that あと by itself can mean\n\"after one's death\", so then I got a bit more confused. I'm guessing this is\njust a red herring.\n\nSo I guess my question is, can you please confirm that 自分が亡くなったあと in this\ncontext means \"After one's/their own death\" and that the whole structure can\nwork as a noun? If not, please explain how it should be parsed.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T18:11:17.230",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can verb in past tense + あと act as a noun?",
"view_count": 264
} | [
{
"body": "I think 「自分が亡くなったあとの葬式や墓」 is a noun phrase in this case, meaning \"Funerals and\ngraves after one's own death\", where the 「自分が亡くなったあと」 acts as a prepositional\nphrase to the collective 「葬式や墓」 connected by 「の」.\n\nThe 「について」 afterwards shows that the noun phrase above is what the increasing\nnumber of people were thinking about.\n\nTo my knowledge, using 「あと」 after a verb is a valid way to make a\nprepositional phrase. e.g. 「雨が降ったあと」 is a way to say \"after it rained\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T18:56:42.623",
"id": "52748",
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"body": "I think you are correct. Besides, If you used future perfect, wouldn't it be\nthe same meaning as using after?\n\nLike the following: _I am thinking what I will do when I will have arrived in\nJapan. 日本に着いたあと何をするか考えているんだ。_",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T23:16:34.703",
"id": "52756",
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"body": "I'm going to try and explain this using Japanese grammar, but the answer is\nyes.\n\n[連体修飾語{れんたいしゅうしょくご}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%A3%BE%E8%AA%9E#.E9.80.A3.E7.94.A8.E4.BF.AE.E9.A3.BE.E8.AA.9E.E3.81.AB.E3.81.AA.E3.82.8B.E5.93.81.E8.A9.9E)\nare modifiers of non-inflectable words (nouns, pronuns, etc). They describe\nthem.\n\nThe auxilliary verb [た] attached to the 連用形{れんようけい}/masu form of a verb, which\ncan amongst other things transform it into its past tense form\n(食べる➡食べ(連用形)➡食べた), is one of these modifiers.\n\nSince \"自分が亡くなった\" is a verb phrase with this auxiliary verb at its head, it\nmodifies the noun [あと] in front of it. They form a noun phrase together, but\nit acts as a noun. :)",
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"body": "According to monolingual Japanese dictionaries, yes, this 後【あと】 is a noun,\nwhich can safely be modified by a relative clause. But it's typically\ntranslated into English using the preposition \"after ...\", so some learning\nresources may explain it differently.\n\nSince it's a noun, it can be followed by の, は, も and other particles:\n\n * 自分が亡くなったあと... After I have died...\n * 自分が亡くなったあとは... After I have died...\n * 自分が亡くなったあとの葬式 a funeral after I have died\n * 自分が亡くなったあとから有名になる to become famous after I have died\n\nThe same thing can be said for 前 (\"before\"), 間 (\"while\"), 場合 (\"if\"), 時\n(\"when\"), ところ (\"when/if\"), and so on. These are nouns even though they are\ntypically translated using English conjunctions and prepositions.\n\n * 食べる場合... if you eat it...\n * 食べる場合は... if you eat it... (topicalized)\n * 食べる場合の問題 a problem when you eat it\n * 見た時... when you looked at it...\n * 見た時の記憶 the memory of the time when you looked at it\n\n> The dictionary also said that あと by itself can mean \"after one's death\"\n\nあと or あとのこと by itself can mean \"the rest\" as in \"I'll leave the rest up to\nyou\", and it can refer to various problems after one's death in certain\ncontexts. This usage is not related to your original sentence.",
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| 52746 | 52766 | 52760 |
{
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"body": "I was listening to a Japanese rap the other day, and came across the word\n「ブリった」. A comment on [the video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxB6l4cpFW8)\nsaid it meant \"get high\". I tried searching for the meaning online, and the\nonly answer I could find was [this\nanswer](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1081889475)\nthat says it's probably a contraction of 「ぶりっこした」.\n\nIt doesn't make a ton of sense to me, cause in context the verse is\n「ブリった、みんなが」 which if either one of the definitions were correct, would loosely\nmean \"everyone got high\" or \"everyone was acting cute\". Does anyone know\ndefinitely what this slang means and where its origins are?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T18:39:43.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52747",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"slang",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「ブリった」",
"view_count": 1235
} | [
{
"body": "> 大麻を吸うこと： ブリる\n>\n> シンナーを吸うこと： ラリる\n>\n> 覚せい剤をすること： パキる\n\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1219422067>\n\nAccording to the information, ぶりった means \"smoke weed.\"",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T23:26:53.477",
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| 52747 | 52757 | 52757 |
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"body": "I have a quick question about how one would parse the following:\n\n> だが、別段そこに『キングダム』の要となる物が置かれているというわけではない。\n\nI'm a little confused by what \"置かれている\" is supposed to mean here and how one\nwould parse it into a sentence.\n\nThe best I can come up with is \"However, it's not like the 'kingdom' was\nsomething essential to that place.\" I haven't included \"置かれている\" in that\nattempt though, I can't see how this word fits in?\n\nFor context this line comes from an introduction in a story, it's describing a\nmysterious place hidden in the shadows of 『キングダム』where powerful men secretly\ngather.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T20:58:56.040",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "Parsing \"置かれている\" in this sentence?",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence is more deeply nested than you think. Treat `『キングダム』の要となる物` as\none set which serves as the subject of 置かれている.\n\n> 別段［そこに｛『キングダム』の要となる物｝が置かれている］というわけではない。\n\n * 『キングダム』の要となる物 \na thing that serves as the cornerstone of _The Kingdom_\n\n * そこに『キングダム』の要となる物が置かれている \na thing that serves as the cornerstone of _The Kingdom_ is placed there\n\n * そこに『キングダム』の要となる物が置かれているというわけではない。 \nIt is not that a thing that serves as the cornerstone of _The Kingdom_ is\nplaced there.\n\n別段 is an adverb meaning \"(not) particularly\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T02:02:04.560",
"id": "52763",
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"body": "I was advised to put my answer in here.So, My translation and break things\ndown.\n\nBut:だが, 別段ない: not in particular, というわけ: it is the case, 置かれている: is assembled,\nそこに『キングダム』の要となる物がある: There is something for the foundation of \"Kingdom\" in\nthere. Now, I put them together. But, it is not the case in particular that\nthere is something which is assembled for the foundation of \"Kingdom\".",
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| 52751 | null | 52763 |
{
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"body": "「人間多様性は本来、人格の多様性に由来している」\n\nHuman diversity is the basis, (which makes something) diversity of\npersonality??\n\nHaving particular difficult with 由来 にする。 由来 = origin/source... put する on it to\nmake it a verb and it means originate.\n\nwould 'human diversity is fundamentally the basis of diversity of personality'\nbe a correct translation?\n\nDoes Aに由来する mean, originates from A? these are my best guesses, would\nappreciate any clarification",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-27T22:24:46.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "what is the relationship between 人間多様性,, 人格 and 由来 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 67
} | [
{
"body": "I think you are correct. I'd translate. **_Human diversity by nature based on\nthe diversity of personality._** A に由来する means **originate/derived from A**",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T23:10:06.483",
"id": "52754",
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"body": "**_Basically, human diversity comes from the diversity of each individual's\npersonality, (not from race, nationality, or religion)._**\n\n~~に由来する＝come from ~~, due to ~~\n\nIn this specific context, you may think that に由来する is translated as \"means\" or\n\"indicates.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-27T23:10:38.877",
"id": "52755",
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| 52752 | null | 52754 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52761",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "ワザに必要なエネルギーよりも多く「水」エネルギーがついている時、多い「水」エネルギー1つにつき、10ダメージを追加する。\n\nI'm having trouble understanding よりも多くand 多い, Is it literally saying 'more\nthan many needed to use' and 'many energy'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T00:14:27.057",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"usage"
],
"title": "How to use many",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "1. 私は **多く** の本を持っている。 _I have many books_.\n 2. 私はあなた **よりも多く** の本を持っている。 _I have more books than you_.\n 3. 私はあなた **より多く** の本を持っている。 _I have more books than you_.\n\n1 and 2 are apparently different from each other. \nHowever, although the nuance is slightly different between 2 and 3, they are\nthe same when translated into English using \"google translation\".\n\nI examined [here](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/search_result) whether\n\"よりも多く\" and \"より多く\" are interchangeable. According to my brief examination I\ncan see that in most cases they are not interchangeable. So what is the\ndifference? I will investigate the difference further in order to explain it\nclearly. The answer will be made after the survey is over.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T00:52:55.317",
"id": "52759",
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"body": "Your understanding of the first 多く is correct, \"more than necessary for\n(using) the ワザ\". The second 多い is indeed tricky, but in this context it\nobviously means \"surplus/excess\".\n\n> ワザに必要なエネルギーよりも多く「水」エネルギーがついている時、 \n> When [it] has more water energy than what is necessary for the ワザ,\n>\n> 多い「水」エネルギー1つにつき、10ダメージを追加する。 \n> Inflicts additional 10 damage per 1 surplus water energy.\n\nYou can think ワザに必要なエネルギーよりも is omitted before the second 多い. In other words,\nthis `多い「水」エネルギー` is not simple \"much energy\" but \"more-than-necessary-to-use-\nthe-ワザ energy\". It can be understood in the context, but 余剰の or 余った would've\nbeen more concise.\n\n> 余剰の「水」エネルギー1つにつき、10ダメージを追加する。",
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| 52758 | 52761 | 52761 |
{
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"body": "I started reading something my friend got for me from Japan and came across や\nwith tenten and am not quite sure how to pronounce it. I've never come across\nit before and I've been trying to find a possible answer anywhere online but\nhaven't had any luck.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T01:46:00.260",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Encountered や with tenten",
"view_count": 82
} | []
| 52762 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52767",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this phrase in reading a few weeks ago, and can't for the life\nof me find the note I made on it.\n\nIt refers to plumpness in a positive sense, reaching a comfortable state of\ngained weight that you only find after a while in a really good, sweet\nrelationship.\n\nHope someone else knows what I'm talking about!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T03:27:22.280",
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"owner_user_id": "25568",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"phrases",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Japanese term for weight gained in a loving relationship?",
"view_count": 3675
} | [
{
"body": "Perhaps you're looking for\n[幸せ太り](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%B9%B8%E3%81%9B%E5%A4%AA%E3%82%8A) (pronounced\nas しあわせ **ぶ** とり due to\n[rendaku](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2526/5010)).\n\nThis word is not particularly positive nor negative/derogatory. Gaining weight\nitself is not a desirable thing, but some people may see it as an enviable\nevidence of happiness.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T03:42:12.293",
"id": "52767",
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}
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| 52765 | 52767 | 52767 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52772",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "あれ?参加者は20人のはず **な** のに、21人いる。\n\nI'd translate it as follows: \"Huh? I'm sure it should be 20 participants, but\n21 are here.\"\n\nI interpreted \"should\" because のに to my knowledge indicates a surprise here.\nUsing plain indicative wouldn't reflect that in my opinion.\n\nHowever, the real \"problem\" is the bold な. First, I don't know into what\ncategory はず falls (formation morpheme like suffix, or anything else like noun,\nverb etc.). Therefore it is hard for me to try to use other grammatical rules\nto deduce the meaning of な, like な after nouns in -んです/-のです constructions. And\neven if I knew that, I still wouldn't know what function it bears here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T08:34:54.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52771",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-28T09:05:12.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is this な doing here?",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "筈{はず} is a noun that roughly means that something is expected to hold true,\nand the な is actually the 連体形/attributive form of the particle だ (断定). It's\n**not** making はず into an na-adjective.\n\nBasically, there _is_ an expectation \"that there should be twenty\nparticipants\", and it's being attributed the nominalization particle の,\nturning it into a noun-phrase. That に that follows then turns that into\n\"despite (noun phrase)...\"\n\nYour translation is correct :)",
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| 52771 | 52772 | 52772 |
{
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"body": "Im in research about structure and meaning of reduplicated word. I want to ask\nabout the difference between 晴れ晴れ and 晴々しい is?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T10:02:32.207",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"reduplication"
],
"title": "Difference between 晴れ晴れ and 晴々しい is?",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "According to jiho.org\n[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%99%B4%E3%82%8C%E6%99%B4%E3%82%8C%20), they\nare difined as:\n\n> **晴れ晴れ** \n> earch for 晴ればれ \n> Adverb, Adverb taking the 'to' particle, Suru verb \n> 1. bright; cheerful Other forms \n> 晴晴 【はればれ】、晴々 【はればれ】、晴ればれ 【はればれ】、晴{は}れ晴｛ばれ｝\n>\n> **晴れ晴れしい** \n> I-adjective \n> 1. clear; splendid; cheerful; bright (e.g. look) Other forms \n> 晴々しい 【はればれしい】\n\n### Difference:\n\n1) 品詞が違う。 \n_They have a different part of speech from each other_.\n\n2)「晴々しい」はそのまま形容詞として使えますが、「晴れ晴れ」はそのままでは使えず、「晴れ晴れ **とした** 」「晴れ晴れ **とする**\n」のような形で使う。 \n_\"晴々しい\" is an adjective and it could be used as it is, but \"晴れ晴れ\" cannot be\nused as it is, it is used in a form like \"晴れ晴れ **とした** \" or \"晴れ晴れ **とする** \"_.\n\n3)「晴々しい」は、普段あまり使われない。clear; splendid; cheerful; bright\nのような意味で使っても聞き手には自然に聞こえない。 \n_As the statistics show, \"晴々しい\" is not usually used so much_. _It doesn't\nsound natural, if you want to use it as an adjective meaning \"clear; splendid;\ncheerful; bright\"_.\n\n### Statistics\n\nExamining them with a famous Japanese example sentence collection site\n[here](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/search_result), the number of\nexample sentences containing \"晴々しい\" + \"晴れ晴れしい\" being recorded is only one +\nthree, while the number of that of \"晴れ晴れ\" is 70.\n\nThe only one sentence containing \"晴々しい\" is: \n長老自身は、そのわきの床の上に座っています。息子のことを思うと、 **晴々しい** 席にいならぶ気にはなれないからでした。 \n_The elder himself was sitting on the floor at the side of the seat. It was\nbecause he did not feel like sitting in such a **brilliant and gorgeous** row\nwhen he thought of his son._\n\n* * *\n\n## EDIT\n\n手許の国語辞典で２つの意味を調べると次のように書いてある。 \n_A Japanese dictionary at hand defines their meaning as:_\n\n> 【晴れ晴れ】（副詞、自動詞スル） \n> ①晴れ渡っているさま。 _the appearance that it's lucid in the sky; that it's very\n> clear in the sky; that there isn't a speck of cloud in the sky_ \n> 例文：晴れ晴れとした天気 _Example: very clear weather_ \n> ②心配ごとがなく気分がすっきりしているさま。 _the appearance of not having to worry and being\n> feeling clearer_ 例文：晴れ晴れとした顔 Example: _a bright/cheerful look_\n>\n> 【晴れ晴れしい】（形容詞） \n> ①空がよく晴れ渡っている。 _very clear in the sky; not being any cloud in the sky_ \n> ②心配ごともなく気分が良い。 _not having to worry and being feeling clearer_ \n> **③はなやかである。 _showy, brilliant, gorgeous, floral, bright_** \n> 例文：晴れ晴れしい行列 _Example: showy and gorgeous procession_\n\n国語辞典によると「晴れ晴れ」と「晴々しい」の基本的な違いは「晴々しい」の③の定義にあることが分かる。 \n_According to the Japanese dictionary, it is understood that the substantial\ndifference between \"晴れ晴れ\" and \"晴々しい\" is in the definition of_ ③ _in \"晴々しい\"_.\n\n①②の意味では、一般に「晴れ晴れした」ではなく、「晴れ晴れ」が「晴れ晴れとした」という形で使われている。 \n_In the meaning of_ ① _and_ ②, _\"晴れ晴れ\" seems to be commonly used in the form\nof \"晴れ晴れとした\" in stead of \"晴々しい\" or \"晴れ晴れしい\"_.\n\n一方、「晴れ晴れした」の③の意味は、日本語として余りその意味が定着しておらず、数少ない使用例を見ても③で定義された意味と少し違うニュアンスで使われているように感じる。前に挙げた資料に収録された各々の例について、どのような意味で使われているか見てみよう。 \n_On the other hand, judging from a few examples, the meaning of_ ③ _of\n\"晴れ晴れしい\" is not so much established as Japanese, and it seems to be used with\na slightly different nuance than the meaning defined in_ ③. \n_Let's see in what meaning \"晴れ晴れしい\" is used in each of the example sentences\nlisted in the said sentence collection._\n\n## Sentence Examination\n\nnote: The phrase in parenthesis is added to clarify the meaning of \"晴れ晴れしい\" as\njudged from the context.\n\n * 長老自身は、そのわきの床の上に座っています。息子のことを思うと、( **畏怖の念を起こさせる** ) 晴々しい席にいならぶ気にはなれないからでした。 note: いならぶ is 居並ぶ meaning _to be/stand/sit in a row_. \n_The elder himself was sitting on the floor at the side of the seat. It was\nbecause he did not feel like sitting in such an ( **awe-inspiring** )\nbrilliant and gorgeous row when he thought of his son_.\n\n * ラジオは紅白歌合戦の中継を華やかに伝え始めた。家族そろって卓袱台｛ちゃぶだい｝につくと、( **慶事にふさわしい** ) 晴れ晴れしい 母の手料理が卓上を埋めつくしていた。 \n_When I sat at table with my families, it was a groaning board with luxurious\nand colorful mom's home cooking ( **worthy on the auspicious day** )_.\n\n * 「桃夭」を、ここで紹介しましょう。日本語訳で読んでさえ、そのすばらしい、（ **躍動的な** ) 晴れ晴れしいリズムが、桃そのものの精のように、伝わってくるものです。 \n_Let me introduce \"桃夭｛とうよう｝ Chinese classical dance[Tao\nYao](http://www.xemhbo.com/xem-6_xT6H0bs1DmrU.html)\" here. Even reading it in\na Japanese translation, the showy, brillient, floral, graceful (and\n**dynamic** ) rhythm will be delivered to you like a spirit of a peach\nitself_.",
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| 52773 | null | 52774 |
{
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"body": "「一切...ない。」「さっぱり...ない」「少しも..ない」の違いを教えていただけないでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T12:27:52.543",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "「一切...ない。」「さっぱり...ない」「少しも..ない」の違い",
"view_count": 714
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{
"body": "> 「(A) 一切...ない。」「(B) さっぱり...ない」「(C) 少しも..ない」の違い\n\n * 「(A) **一切**...ない」と「(B) **さっぱり**...ない」は、英語の definitely not というフレーズのdefinitley に近い「きっぱりとした断定的な」ニュアンスがあると思う。ニュアンスは、「一切」と「さっぱり」のシラブル（音節）の数が「少しも」より少ないことと、撥音を持つことに起因していると思われる。我々日本人はこの促音にパチンとバネがはじくような勢いを感じる。 \n_\"(A) **一切**...ない\" and \"(B) **さっぱり**...ない\" have a nuance similar to\n\"definitley\" in a phrase \"definitely not\" in English_. \n_I think there is a \"きっぱりとした断定的な definitely assertive\" nuance in them. This\nnuance seems to be due to the fact that the number of syllables of \"A\" and \"B\"\nis less than \"C\", and that the former two have\n\"[sokuon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon)\n[促音](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3) a kind of geminate\nconsonant\"_. _Japanese people feel like the momentum of a sound that is\nemitted when a leaf spring reverses to \"sokuon\"_.\n\n * 「(A) **一切**...ない」と「(B) **さっぱり**...ない」とを比べると、前者は一般的に使えるが、後者は口語表現である。 \n_When comparing \"(A) **一切**...ない\" and \"(B) **さっぱり**...ない\", the former can be\nused generally but the latter is a colloquial expression_.\n\n * 「(B) **さっぱり**...ない」は、江戸っ子（東京人）の代表的な言い方で、他の２つの表現に比べて、「...」の部分には圧倒的に「分から」か「知ら」が入る。但し江戸っ子は、「さっぱり分からない」「さっぱり知らない」ではなく、「 **さっぱり分かんねぇ** 」「 **さっぱり知らねぇ** 」と言う。 \n_\"(B) **さっぱり** ...ない\" is a typical way of an expression used by\n[Edokko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edokko)\n[江戸っ子](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E3%81%A3%E5%AD%90)\n(Tokyoite)_. \n_(B), compared with (A) and (C), is overwhelmingly used as \"さっぱり分｛わ｝からない\" or\n\"さっぱり知｛し｝らない\"_. _However,Tokyoites say \" **さっぱり分かんねぇ** \" and \" **さっぱり知らねぇ** \"\nin stead of saying \"さっぱり分からない\" and \"さっぱり知らない\" respectively according to their\nrelaxed and informal pronunciation method_.\n\n * 「(A) **一切**...ない」と「(C) **少しも**..ない」とを比べると、両方とも一般的に使えるが、後者の方が若干口語的なニュアンスが強く、また、前者に比べてやや「ない」の程度が弱い感じがする。 _Comparing \"(A) **一切**...ない\" with \"(C) **少しも**...ない\", both are commonly used in various cases, but the latter has a slightly colloquial nuance, and the degree of \"not/nothing\" is a little weaker_.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T15:49:47.730",
"id": "52783",
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{
"body": "mackygoo has altready explained it.\n\nIn my opinion,\n\nNo more conflicts between us at all.\n\n一切わだかまりはない。\n\nさっぱりわだかまりはない。strange?\n\n少しもわだかまりはない。\n\nI can't get it at all.\n\n一切分からない。\n\nさっぱりわからない。\n\n少しも分からない。\n\nI have never met him.\n\n一切彼に会ったことはない。\n\nさっぱり彼に会ったことはない strange\n\n少しも彼に会ったことはない strange",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T23:22:39.903",
"id": "52796",
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| 52776 | null | 52783 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52779",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 予定や経学が実際と違った場合を話してください。\n\nI intentionally left my translation in this rather desolate state because it\nshows my 2 problems very well. My translation:\n\n> Please talk about a case where plans and plans practical and changed.\n\n 1. I don't really know how to convey a semantical difference between 予定 and 実際.\n\n 2. 実際 is a noun here, but 違った is a verb. Since 違った is past tense, I could imagine coaxing some noun-ish semantics into it since it kind of describes a state (in the end, past suggests that something has happened/is finished already). Nevertheless, even if both were nouns I wouldn't know how to give it a meaningful interpretation, because (NOUN (subject) + が + complex noun-ish phrase + 場合) = object of the full sentence",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T12:56:46.823",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "予定や経学が実際と違った場合を話してください",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "> How does this sentence work?\n\n * AがBと違った場合 = \"a case when/if A was different from B\"\n\nB is \"reality\", so \"a case when/if A was different from reality\"\n\nA consists of A1 and A2 connected by \"or\" (A1やA2); as of this moment A2\ncontains a typo, but it doesn't influence how this sentence works\n\n * を話してください = \"tell me about\", \"give me an example\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T13:29:23.550",
"id": "52779",
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"body": "I assume that 経学 in your sentence is 計画.\n\nI'd translate.\n\n**Could you tell me if you are going to do and what you are planning were to\ndifferent from what will have happened?**\n\n違った is used in the hypothetical condition.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T13:36:45.700",
"id": "52780",
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| 52777 | 52779 | 52779 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52781",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"dont something illness\" is the kind of feeling i get from that.. cant find a\nverb to match to namena though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T13:27:52.523",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "what does 病気なめんな！ mean?",
"view_count": 824
} | [
{
"body": "In short, the phrase says: \"Don't underestimate a disease!\".\n\n「なめんな」 is the informal spoken word for 「なめるな」, the negate form of\n「[なめる](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%88%90%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B)」, which has various\nmeanings. The intended meaning in the said phrase is the last entry of\nmeaning:\n\n> 舐{な}める\n>\n> 4. to make fun of; to make light of; to put down; to treat with contempt;\n> to underestimate\n>\n\nThe informal spoken words are usually _not_ found in physical dictionaries\nhowever, words that are closest to actual word may be suggested by online\ndictionaries.\n\nSo you would have to trace by the written word for it.\n\nNot sure what was the original context in question. I can only guess there was\nsomeone who have said, \"To fall ill is no big deal\". Then the person whom had\na cold (contracted a disease) replied, \"Don't underestimate a disease [as\nillness could get worse if not taken into care]\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T14:12:00.957",
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]
| 52778 | 52781 | 52781 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52789",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am looking for a way to express the concept of (physical) distance.\nSearching [jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&keyword=far)\nyields two possible results:\n\n * [[遥]{はる}か](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%81%A5%E3%81%8B) _(Na-adjective, Adverb, Noun):_ far; far away; distant; remote; far off\n * [[遠]{とお}い](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%81%A0%E3%81%84) _(I-adjective):_ far; distant\n\nBoth are marked as a \"common word\", so I believe that _\"London is far away\nfrom here\"_ could be translated as either:\n\n * ロンドンはここより **はるか** です。\n * ロンドンはここより **遠い** です。\n\nHowever, many of the WWWJDIC examples for [はるか](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic?1Q%CD%DA%A4%AB_1_) seem to be for _metaphorical_ distance:\n\n> * 彼の出費は収入をはるかに上回っている。 \n> His expenses exceed his income by far.\n> * 計算機があれば計算ははるかに楽だ。 \n> Calculation is miles easier if you have a calculator.\n> * 光は音よりはるかに早く伝わる。 \n> Light travels much faster than sound.\n> * 鉄は金より遥かに役に立つ。 \n> Iron is much more useful than gold.\n> * 新しいデザインの方が古いデザインよりもはるかによい。 \n> The new designs are much better than the old ones.\n> * 我々ははるか前方に他の船を見た。 \n> We saw another ship far ahead.\n> * 彼は誰よりもはるかに良く出来る学生だ。 \n> He is by far the best student.\n> * 彼女は、一昨年よりもはるかに暮らし向きがよい。 \n> She's far better off than she was the year before last.\n> * 飛行機の速度はヘリコプターのそれよりはるかに速い。 \n> The speed of an airplane is much greater than that of a helicopter.\n> * 数そうのヨットがはるか沖合を並んで航行していた。 \n> Several yachts were sailing side by side far out at sea.\n>\n\n...whereas the examples for [遠い](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic?1Q%B1%F3%A4%A4_1_) are generally more literal:\n\n> * 駅まで歩くには遠すぎますから、バスに乗りましょう。 \n> It's too far to walk to the station, so let's take a bus.\n> * たとえあなたが遠くへ行ってしまっても、電話で連絡をとりあいましょう。 \n> Even if you go far away, let's keep in touch with each other over the phone.\n> * スコットが元気になるのもそう遠くないでしょう。 \n> It will not be long before Scott gets well.\n> * 北海道はたいへん遠いですね。 \n> Hokkaido is very far, isn't it?\n> * 私の車はここから遠くないところに止めてある。 \n> My car is parked not far from here.\n> * 遠い灯台のかすかな光を見た。 \n> We saw the gleam of a distant lighthouse.\n> * どのくらい遠い？ \n> How far?\n> * 彼がその家を買わないと決めたのは、第一に高すぎることと第二に会社からあまりにも遠かったからだった。 \n> He decided not to buy the house, because in the first place it was too\n> expensive, and in the second place it was too far from his office.\n> * 子供が親から遠く離れていたら、彼らの安全や幸福に関して親がしてやれることはない。 \n> When parents are far away from their children, there is nothing they can do\n> about their safety or welfare.\n> * 彼は私よりも砲丸を遠くまで投げた。 \n> He put the shot farther than I did.\n>\n\nI'm not sure if this is because はるか is more \"flexible\" than 遠い, or if the\nexamples for はるか just happen to include more varied usage by coincidence.\n\nMy question is therefore twofold:\n\n * Are my suggested translations for _\"London is far away from here\"_ correct?\n * Are 遠い and はるか equivalent, or do they have different connotations / usage patterns?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T15:40:45.613",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 遠い and はるか?",
"view_count": 999
} | [
{
"body": "You're correct to assume that 遥か and 遠い have different connotations and usage\npatterns; in fact, there's very little overlap between them.\n\n遠い is your standard, general-use word for \"far\". It's straightforward and\nneutral, and can be used in most of the ways you'd imagine - stating factual\ndistances, comparing them, identifying something as being a long way away, and\neven some limited metaphorical uses such as 彼には遠く及ばない \"I am far inferior to\nhim\" and 遠い未来 \"the far future\".\n\n遥か, on the other hand, is anything but neutral. It's inherently emphatic, and\nits most common usage isn't even about literal distance at all - it's used\nadverbially in the form 遥かに, intensifying comparative adjectives (or verbs\nthat imply a comparison). In this sense it's far more flexible than 遠い, having\nmore in common with something like ずっと - it's equivalent to the English \"far\"\nin \"far smaller\", \"far exceeding\", \"far more beautiful\" etc.\n\nEven when it is talking about physical distance, 遥か is only used to emphasise\nthat they're _extremely large_ distances, and it rarely appears as a\ndescriptor on its own. Instead it serves to intensify other words relating to\ndistance, such as 遥か遠く, 遥か向こうに or 遥か彼方に (all meaning something like \"far off\nin the distance\").\n\nIn the rare cases when 遥か is used as an adjective in its own right, it tends\nto sound somewhat poetic, and it still refers more to \"distance\" as in the\nproperty of being \"distant\" rather than as a measurement. For instance, you\nmight hear the poetic-sounding 遥かな街 \"a far-off city\", but you would almost\nnever hear something like AよりBの方が遥かな街です, because 遥か is a property rather than\na measurement, so it doesn't lend itself to comparison - just like you\nwouldn't usually say \"A is more far-off than B\" or \"A is more in the distance\nthan B\" in English. (AよりBの方が遥かに遠いです, on the other hand, is of course perfectly\nnatural.)\n\nFinally, there are a couple of particular quirks in 遥か's grammatical usage.\nWhile 遥かな is one possible attributive form, the somewhat archaic alternate\nform 遥かなる appears with similar frequency - the archaic flavour of this form\nmakes for even more poetic-sounding expressions. But whichever the form\nchosen, adjectival 遥か is almost always used attributively (before a noun)\nrather than predicatively (followed by だ or です). So 遥かな街です and 遥かなる街です are\nboth possible, but something like その街は遥かです would be very unusual.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T19:11:22.303",
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| 52782 | 52789 | 52789 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52800",
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"body": "I found this in a text but I don't know its function.\n\n> あれ **しき** で",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T15:55:22.887",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the しき particle?",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "According to デジタル大辞泉, this しき is a particle that attaches only あれ, それ and これ.\nIt's used to make light of something, similarly to くらい/など/なぞ.\n\n> ###\n> [しき](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/94686/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%97%E3%81%8D/)\n>\n>\n> ［副助］（指示代名詞「これ」「それ」「あれ」に付いて）程度を表すが、軽視する気持ちが加わる。たかが…くらい。「これしきの寒さで弱音を吐くな」「あれしきの力では何もできない」\n\nMany examples are listed\n[here](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%97%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8).\nThis しき is slightly literary, and people more commonly use たったこれだけ, たかがそれだけ,\nあの程度, etc., in conversation.\n\nBecause this \"particle\" can attach only three words, it may be better to\nremember あれしき, それしき and これしき as separate words. That's how jisho.org treats\nthese words ([あれしき](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BC%8F),\n[それしき](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E5%BC%8F),\n[これしき](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%AD%A4%E3%82%8C%E5%BC%8F)).",
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| 52784 | 52800 | 52800 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52798",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In most cases, そう or よう work fine for explaining perceptions like 'looks\nlike'. However, in English, it's possible to be more specific, for example,\nusing 'sounds like' instead.\n\nThis occurred to me when I could hear fireworks out the window, but couldn't\nsee where they were. I could explain that they seem close by saying 花火は近そうです\nor something similar. However, I'd have thought this would imply that I can\nsee them, and they look close.\n\nI think direct translation would be 花火は近く聞こえるようです、but I'm not entirely sure\nthat has the intended meaning, or even makes sense at all.\n\nIs it possible to express specifically that the fireworks _sound close_ rather\nthan looking close, or must it be explained otherwise, by saying that they\nsound loud, or that I can't see them?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T16:35:07.187",
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"id": "52785",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Providing Further Detail When Using そう、よう、etc",
"view_count": 124
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{
"body": "You can say ...の音が近い. And it implies the distance between you and a sound\nsource is close (in this case fireworks). 花火は近そうです explains you have the\nmental image of \"the distance between I and fireworks seems close\" concluded\nby what you actually hear it or what you see it or what you are told by\nsomeone else and so on. After or before that, you can give more opinions by\nsaying loud or something else.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-29T02:18:45.163",
"id": "52798",
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| 52785 | 52798 | 52798 |
{
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"body": "If I need to ask something's name, like `how is this called?` or `what's the\nname of this?`, would it be okay to ask これはなまえをなにか?\n\nI also would like to know if I should use です in this type of questions?\nActually my first thought was about saying これはなまえをなんですか instead of これはなまえをなにか.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T17:41:22.897",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-28T18:35:45.633",
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"owner_user_id": "25472",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is これはなまえをなにか correct?",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "Remember that the thing that you are asking is the \"name\" so that is going to\nbe the topic of the sentence so that should have the は particle instead of これ,\nwhen これ is not the topic you should use この instead. So for me It would be\nlike.\n\n> * この物の名前は何ですか: \"What is the name of this thing?\"\n>\n\nIf you are asking \"How is this called?\" I think it would be something like\nthis\n\n> * これは何と呼ばれていますか？\n>\n\nよびます: to call ► よばれます: to be called. The you add the ている form because is an\nstate",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-28T17:59:24.570",
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},
{
"body": "> これはなんと言いますか （kore wa nan to iimasu ka) - What is this called?\n>\n> これの名前はなんですか (kore no namae wa nan desu ka) - What's the name of this?\n\n**I also would like to know if I should use です in this type of questions?**\n\nWell, that depends a lot on how polite/casual do you wanna be, you can drop it\nif you're talking to a friend or someone who you can be casual with!\n\nThe basic rule is that you should just use です after a noun or a na-\nadjective... but you can use after the explanatory particle の as well, eg:\n\n> (あなたは)どこに行くのですか (anata wa doko ni iku no desu ka) Where are you going?\n> (Ended with the explanatory particle so we could use です)\n>\n> (あなたは)何を食べました？(anata wa nani wo tabemashita) What did you eat? (we ended\n> with a verb, therefore no need for です)\n>\n> 彼は静かな人ですか (kare ha shizuka na hito desu ka) Is he a quiet person? (We ended\n> with a noun 人 so we need desu, since we wanna be a bit more polite)\n\nI put the \"anata wa\" in parentheses because in japanese we usually omit it if\nit is obvious by the context...\n\nYou'll be able to find tons of questions here about the usage of です, also you\ncan just google it too, it's not that complicated to be honest ^^\n\nfor instance: [How do you know when to useですor います？and when to use the\nparticles はor の？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23050/how-do-\nyou-know-when-to-use%e3%81%a7%e3%81%99or-%e3%81%84%e3%81%be%e3%81%99-and-when-\nto-use-the-particles-%e3%81%afor-%e3%81%ae)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T19:13:23.670",
"id": "52790",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-28T19:21:16.813",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-28T19:21:16.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "16104",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "52786",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 52786 | 52788 | 52788 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52793",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the full sentence:\n\n> 夢を作っている僕の深層心理が、彼の顔を固定できない。\n\nI gather that the main meaning of this sentence is \"My subconscious can't fix\nthis face into [itself/memory].\", but the main question for me is what exactly\n夢を作っている mean here? A few Japanese teachers I've asked were pretty confused,\nsaying that 夢を作る is not exactly a natural thing to say. This sentence is from\na novel though, so no wonder it's not natural in the sense of being\n\"ordinary\". Thanks. Any help is much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T17:42:09.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52787",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-28T20:44:29.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25562",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What does 夢を作る mean here?",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "<http://blog.livedoor.jp/asuran_yume/archives/162771.html>\n\n> 男：願い事はあるかい？\n>\n> ナレ：そう穏やかな声で問いかける彼の顔はクルクルと色んな顔に変わる。時には、〝彼女〟になることさえある。\n> 夢を作っている一輝の深層心理が彼の顔を固定できない。 確かに見たはずのその顔は、どんな人にも似ているようで、どんな人にも似ていなかった。\n\nFrom the context, it's obvious that 夢を作っている can be interpreted literally.\n\n**_His deep psyche which is making/creating this/his/the dream cannot hold\non/fix the man's face._**\n\n夢を作っている＝making the dream, creating the dream",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T20:44:29.500",
"id": "52793",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-28T20:44:29.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "52787",
"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 52787 | 52793 | 52793 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52799",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> エアコンの中のコンピューターが、 **部屋の壁の近くと窓の近くなど、温度が違う** 場所を調べて、ちょうどいい温度にすることもできます。 \n> The air conditioning's computer will check places where the temperature is\n> different between near the walls and near the windows and can choose the\n> perfect temperature.\n\nI'm struggling with the part in bold. Does 部屋の壁の近くと窓の近くなど、温度が違う (on it's own)\nmean \"the temperatures are different between the places near the walls and the\nplaces near the windows\"? If so, I'm feeling a little uncomfortable about the\nlack of a と on the end of 窓の近くなど. Would it be okay to add one?\n\nIf I'm right, then I think the computer checks the places where there is a\ntemperature difference between the walls and the windows, but that makes\nabsolutely no logical sense. I'm very confused.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T20:36:17.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52791",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T05:35:30.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "How to interpret AとB、Cが違う",
"view_count": 413
} | [
{
"body": "> エアコンの中のコンピューターが、部屋の壁の近く **と** 窓の近く **など** 、温度が違う場所を調べて、ちょうどいい温度にすることもできます。\n\nIn my opinion, the sentence might be poorly written or make a small typo,\nwhich is the cause of your confusion. The more correct or easy-to-understand\nversion would be:\n\n> エアコンの中のコンピューターが、部屋の『壁の近く』 **や** 『窓の近く』 **など**\n> 、温度が違う場所を調べて、ちょうどいい温度にすることもできます。\n\n_The air conditioning's computer can even check the places where the\ntemperature is **different (from the major places that have mean/ordinary\ntemperature** ), **such as** the near-the-wall place **and** the near-the-\nwindow place, and can choose the perfect temperature._\n\nI don't think, however, the original Japanese sentence is incorrect\ngrammatically.\n\n～や～など and ～と～など can be used equally in this context.\n\nThere is no \"between\" in the context.\n\n部屋の壁の近くと窓の近く **の間** など= **between** near the walls and near the windows\n\nedit) My interpretation seems not good than other interpretations.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T20:58:59.867",
"id": "52794",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T05:35:30.177",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T05:35:30.177",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "52791",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think the computer can choose any 2 points where are different temperatures\nand tell the air conditioner to send warm or cool air to fix it for the\nperfect one. [壁の近くと窓の近く] is an example and can be any 2 places where the\ntemperatures are different. I think you can not add \"と” but you can add\nsimilar one \"の”.\n\nAnd I remember your past question 学校が子どもの親などとトラブルになる.It is the similar\nthing.The answer you confirmed is \"the school and parents\" get in trouble\nwith... I understand the parents as a representation of all the parties which\ninvolved in. But there are other people might be involved in. Therefore I\nassume you might write \"the school and parents and so on\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-28T23:04:36.477",
"id": "52795",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T00:17:32.840",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T00:17:32.840",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "52791",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "You seem to have parsed the sentence a bit incorrectly. 温度が違う場所 is what the\ncomputer checks. 部屋の壁の近くと窓の近く as a whole is marked with など, and works as an\nexample of 温度が違う場所.\n\n> エアコンの中のコンピューターが、｛温度が違う場所｝を調べる。 \n> The air conditioner's computer will check ((if there is) a pair of) places\n> where the temperatures is different.\n>\n> エアコンの中のコンピューターが、 **｛部屋の壁の近くと窓の近く｝など、** ｛温度が違う場所｝を調べる。 \n> The air conditioner's computer will check (a pair of) places where the\n> temperature is different, **such as (a pair of) window-side and wall-side\n> places in a room.**\n\nNote that 場所 in this sentence actually refers to a pair of two places with\ndifferent temperatures. That's why 壁の近く and 窓の近く are connected using と.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T03:43:50.307",
"id": "52799",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T05:08:32.340",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T05:08:32.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "52791",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 52791 | 52799 | 52799 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52803",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the current section of my textbook, a bunch of verbal compositions was\nintroduced, like: 読み **終わり** 歩き **始め** 祈り **続け**\n\n終わり and 続け are classified as auxiliary verbs on jisho:\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81>\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8B>\n\n始める isn't <http://jisho.org/search/hajimeru>\n\nMy actual question relates to this sentence: 一郎さんはやっと本を読み終わりました。 => Ichiro has\nfinally finished the book.\n\nWhat irritates me in this sentence is that 終わり is used in a transitive verb.\nIs the transitivity/intransitivity of a verb negligible if it is used in a\ncomposition? If so, is this phenomenon restricted to a set of (very common)\ncompositions?\n\nFurthermore, I would be interested wether this is only typical for verbs which\n(also) bear the classification \"auxiliary verb\"? 始める isn't classified as an\nauxiliary verb though.\n\nDo auxiliary verbs always function as parts of a verbal composition btw.? This\nwould be important to know because in our western languages, auxiliary verbs\nusually are used in \"analytical\" (I hope that's the correct english term)\nconstructions (e.g. \"I **will** build a house\"; The auxiliary verb is not\ndirectly attached to the main verb and remains its own unit/entity in the\nsentence).\n\nEDIT: This question revolves around the issue of transitivity in context of\nverbal compositions in common. It asks wether there is a set of grammatical\nprerequisites for a verb of intransitivity/transitivity to be used in a verbal\ncomposition of the opposite transitivity (That is: Transitive -> Intransitive;\nIntransitive -> Transitive).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T06:51:05.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52801",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-02T14:01:59.137",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-02T14:01:59.137",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"transitivity",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "The transitivity of (auxiliary) verbs",
"view_count": 497
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think this usage of を makes 終わる transitive, the transitivity comes\nfrom 読む. As for certain verbs not being \"classified\" as auxiliary for being\nattached this way, the way these predicates are smashed together is actually\ncommon; just think of it as a quicker way to conjoin predicates quicker than\nusing the te-form. This saves 1-2 mora on average. For certain words and their\nfrequency, this way of predicate forming has become common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T07:08:22.693",
"id": "52802",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T07:08:22.693",
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"owner_user_id": "11863",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The transitivity of [syntactic compound\nverbs](http://vvlexicon.ninjal.ac.jp/en/) are generally determined by the\n_first_ verb. As an \"auxiliary\" verb, you should always use ～始める.\n\n * 水を流し **始める** 。水が流れ **始める** 。\n * [×] 水を流し始まる。[×] 水が流れ始まる。\n * テレビを見 **続ける** 。眠り **続ける** 。\n * [×] テレビを見続く。[×] 眠り続く。\n * 勉強をやり **直す** 。寝 **直す** 。\n * [×] 勉強をやり直る。[×] 寝直る。\n * 本を読み **通す** 。逃げ **通す** 。\n * [×] 本を読み通る。[×] 逃げ通る。\n\n終える/終わる are exceptions. Both 終える and 終わる are used as the second verb, and the\nadded meaning is almost the same. The first verb still determines the\ntransitivity. But 終える is slightly more literary, and is usually used with\nintentional actions with a purpose.\n\n * 水を流し終わる。水を流し終える。\n * パンを食べ終わる。パンを食べ終える。\n * 一郎さんは本を読み終わりました。一郎さんは本を読み終えました。\n * 水が流れ終わる。 [?] 水が流れ終える。\n * 太陽が昇り終わる。 [?] 太陽が昇り終える。\n\n(I personally think the use of the word \"auxiliary verb\" is confusing here,\nbecause [it usually refers to ～ない, ～ます, ～て/で,\netc.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18965/5010))\n\n* * *\n\nThe discussion above is **not** applicable for lexicalized compound verbs.\nWhen the second verb describes a manner of movement, its transitivity tends to\nmatch the first verb (e.g., 尻を蹴り **上げる** , 飛び **上がる** , 友人を連れ **回す** , 走り\n**回る** , ...)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T08:53:33.307",
"id": "52803",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T09:04:33.073",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T09:04:33.073",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 52801 | 52803 | 52803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52805",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is the conclusion of a dialogue between the concierge and a\nresident. The concierge falsely accused the resident to be putting his bike in\nfront of the stairs, which is not allowed. The misunderstanding is finally\nresolved and the concierge apologizes to the resident.\n\n> Concierge: そうですね。申し訳ない。気を悪くしないでください。 \n> Resident: いえ、わかって **もらえれば** いいんです。\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Concierge: So that's how it is. I'm sorry. Please don't take this as an\n> offense. \n> Resident: No problem, when I can receive the favor of understanding it, it\n> is okay.\n\nAs apparent from my translation, I analysed もらえれば as a combination of the\npotential form and the conditional form. If it was solely conditional form,\nI'd expect もらえば.\n\nI therefore tried to translate both the potential and the conditional form. It\nsounds a bit iffy though, that's why I wanted to ask whether that's correct\nand how you would translate it in a more elegant way.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T09:18:53.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52804",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-30T08:10:17.197",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T09:22:33.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does わかってもらえればいい work",
"view_count": 530
} | [
{
"body": "もらう which follows a verb in -て form usually means \"to get somebody to do\nsomething\". \"えれば\" is just a -ば form ending of the -ru-verbs (potential もらえる in\nyour case I believe), so that's pretty usual I think. So I would translate the\nwhole sentence as: \"No problem, as long as I can get you to understand, it's\nfine.\", meaning that the resident is glad they could get concierge to\nunderstand the situation and the incident is now over.\n\n[Please look at this page.](http://www.manythings.org/ejs/understand.html)\nSpecifically, at the \"I don't think I can get you to understand how difficult\nthat is.\" sentence. The Japanese translation is:\n\n> 「その難しさを君に **わかってもらえる** とは思えない。」\n\nHere you can see that わかってもらえる is \"get to understand\", literally \"be able to\nreceive understanding\", remembering that there is usually an implicit \"you\" in\nthe sentence when addressing others in Japanese. Also, appropriately mentioned\nin comments, you don't say もらう to yourself. Now we have literal \"If you are\nable to receive understanding, good\".\n\nOr, in proper English:\n\n\"No problem, if I can get you to understand, it's fine.\"",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T09:55:09.587",
"id": "52805",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-30T08:10:17.197",
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"parent_id": "52804",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 52804 | 52805 | 52805 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "転びそうになった。(転んだ)\n\nBasically, the sentence stands like this in my textbook, without further\ncontext. The exercise instructs to read each one of the 20 sentences (of which\nthis is just one) and mark wether this happened around me lately or not.\n\nConsidering these search results: <http://jisho.org/search/korobi>\n<http://jisho.org/search/koronda>\n\nMaybe it means \"you fell\"/\"you became falling\"? I also can't really make sense\nof the function of そうに here. I interprete it in the way of 楽しそうに遊びます (=playing\ncheerfully), but I can't think of a way to implement this in meaningful way\nhere. Also, should ...そうになる be a set phrase, then I don't know about it or I\ncan't find it in my texbook.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T13:43:04.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52808",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-12T08:21:52.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How shall I understand this sentence?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "[Sou ni natta\ndefinition](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F)\n\n転びそうになった。= \"I almost fell.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-29T14:04:39.823",
"id": "52810",
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"owner_user_id": "16049",
"parent_id": "52808",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52808 | null | 52810 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This question has been on my mind since I've watched SEGA's announcement the\nother day about Yakuza's second installment getting a remake. The original\ntitle of the game is [龍]{りゅう}が[如]{ごと}く, meaning \"like a dragon.\" I've been\nwondering, how would the sense of the phrase change if in the place of\n～が[如]{ごと}く I'd insert の[様]{よう}に, making it [龍]{りゅう}の[様]{よう}に? Now that I think\nabout it, would it mean \"having the appearance of a dragon\"? Also, how would\nthe sense of the phrase be different with other ways to express similarity?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T15:06:48.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52811",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-04T22:04:45.470",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T15:14:37.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "3776",
"owner_user_id": "3776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference in comparative use between ～ + の様に / みたい / が如く, etc.?",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "I would say みたい is a little different because that's more along the lines of\n'looks like', 'seems like', giving an opinion based on observation.\n\nのように is more descriptive, emphasizing actual commonality with the object of\ncomparison.\n\nTo be honest I've never consciously come across 如く before in daily Japanese\nlife, and I've lived in japan for 1 plus years and am working in a Japanese\ncompany as a kind of translator(Bridge SE) - so I'd agree with the person\nabove that its probably just an archaic version of のように - to make stuff like\ngame titles sound a bit cooler",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-12T13:10:13.987",
"id": "53220",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-12T13:10:13.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"parent_id": "52811",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52811 | null | 53220 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I remember a Japanese student using a specific phrase for thanking a person\nfor work for the good of the community - like cleaning up the common area of\nthe dorm. Seemed like and idiom. Does anyone know the correct phrase?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T15:30:25.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52814",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T22:01:19.900",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T22:01:19.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "25584",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say \"thank you\" for work that is good for the community?",
"view_count": 128
} | []
| 52814 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52817",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was looking for improvements on my vocabulary and then I saw the word\n`telephone` which accordinly to Genki series is でんわ, but let's suppose that I\nwant to say `This telephone is white`, is gramatically correct to say この\n**でんわ** はしろです.\n\nCan I say both は and わ? Sounding something like `kono denwa wa shiro desu`? Or\nshould I choose another word (if there is one) to replace でんわ to not mess up\nthe noun with the particle?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T17:21:49.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52816",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25472",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "The は particle following a noun's わ?",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "You would still pronounce it `wa.` You will not have to change the reading of\nthe は particle just because a noun ends in わ. Here's another example:\n\n> Excuse me, but this conversation is boring.\n>\n> すみません、この会話｛かいわ｝はつまらないです。\n\nIn Japanese, repeated sounds like this are not uncommon, and should not be a\nreason for concern.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T17:40:32.433",
"id": "52817",
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| 52816 | 52817 | 52817 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52823",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading something which is supposed to mean \"Why is it moving?\". I would\ntranslate it as なんで動いているか？ but it actually says なんで動いてんだ？\n\nWhat's the difference between them? I think I cannot capture that nuance.\n\nI think that 動いている it's something that it's moving at this time whereas 動いてんだ\nsounds more like I'm stating that it's moving, but I find the lack of tense\ndisturbing (maybe it's a very strong statement implying surprise).\n\nAnother question: Could I even say なんで動いてんだった？ meaning \"why was it moving?\"\ninstead of なんで動いていたか？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T19:57:09.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52819",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-30T02:37:44.323",
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"owner_user_id": "9478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Why progressive tense (～ている) is not used in this case?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "~てんだ is just a spoken contraction of ~ている の だ, so you have your continuous\ntense, and also a のだ, which is sort of an exclamation mark added to the\nquestion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T21:40:28.453",
"id": "52823",
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"parent_id": "52819",
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"score": 3
}
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| 52819 | 52823 | 52823 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52834",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to come up with this sentence, but I feel like some parts of it\nare too literal and idiomatic, and some words I used here are new to me, so\nmaybe I made some poor decisions when picking them. Could you help me with\nthat?\n\n**\"Sometimes I feel like most people only think about themselves. If they need\nyour help, they'll contact you. If they don't need it (if you're not useful to\nthem) they won't contact you at all, like they don't care(it's not their\nbusiness)\"**\n\n> 時々、ほとんどの人は自分についてだけを考える感じがある。手伝ってほしかったら、連絡する。君は有用じゃなかったら、全然連絡しなくて、関係ない感じがある\n\nI feel like \"think about themselves\" is idiomatic and i'm not so sure about\nthe usage of \"useful\" here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T20:10:03.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52820",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-30T03:17:48.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"idioms"
],
"title": "How to express \"They only think about themselves\"",
"view_count": 251
} | [
{
"body": "It might be an idiom:我田引水(gaden - inn - sui) literal translation: drawing\nwater for one's own field.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T01:50:55.697",
"id": "52831",
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},
{
"body": "How about...\n\nSometimes I feel like most people only think about themselves. \nたいていの人は自分のことしか考えてない（んじゃないか）って思うときがある。\n\nIf they need your help, they'll contact you. \n困ったときだけ連絡してきて、\n\nIf they don't need it (if you're not useful to them) they won't contact you at\nall, like they don't care(it's not their business) \n用がないときは、「知ったこっちゃない」って感じで、ぜんぜん連絡してこない。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T03:17:48.183",
"id": "52834",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 52820 | 52834 | 52834 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Which one sounds more natural? I'm trying to learn when to use verb+くる but\nit's not that intuitive. It's very easy to understand the meaning, especially\nwhen it's なってくる but for some reason I find it difficult to naturally translate\nsomething using that form.\n\nWhat it's the difference (nuance) between them? They both express something\nthat it's happening at this moment. Maybe using 見えてきた is more abrupt?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T20:16:04.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52821",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-30T01:39:26.107",
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"owner_user_id": "9478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between : 今見える vs 見えてきた",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "見える implies you have already had a clear picture of an object. 見えてきた implies\nthe process you are gradually getting the picture of an object. You are\ngetting a picture of an object from a lower resolution you vaguely saw into\nhigher-resolution you can clearly see.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T01:28:35.133",
"id": "52829",
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},
{
"body": "-くる shows progress or \"movement\", so when combined with 見える it is the \"in the progress of seeing\". Examples probably will help you understand.\n\n今見える means you can see something at this very moment, and implies your view\nwas not obscured. If I asked you by phone where you are, you would say\nsomething like 「今、道の向かいにコーヒーショップが見える」 (Right now, I can see a coffee shop\nacross the street).\n\n見えてきた means that you can see something that you weren't able to see before for\nsome reason. Perhaps you couldn't find that coffee shop due to thick fog, but\nit's finally starting clear 「霧が晴れてきて、やっとコーヒーショップが見えてきた」(The fog is starting to\nclear, and I can finally (start to) see the coffee shop.). Or if you were\ndriving to the baseball stadium, you could tell your passengers\n「ほら、スタジアムが見えてきたよ」 (Look, we can see the stadium.) as the stadium finally\nbecomes within view.\n\nNote that you can also use this for non-physical \"seeing\". Say your at work\ntrying to tackle a difficult problem, say trying to run a project with a\nlimited budget. After days of struggling, pieces of the puzzle fall into\nplace, you feel you're on track to solving this problem. 「正解が見えてきた！」(lit: I'm\nstarting to see the answer!) you might exclaim.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T01:39:26.107",
"id": "52830",
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}
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| 52821 | null | 52830 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a passage from a book, here one of the characters is making a few\nobservations about the personality of another character (慶介 - Keisuke) who has\nmoved up in status and is a new member amongst the upper echelons of the\naristocracy thereby replacing the old predecessors in the story's universe.\n\n> 先代も貴族の悪い所を煮詰めたような傲慢な男だったが、この慶介という男は表面上は貴族らしからぬ空気も感じさせていた。\n\nI've hit a snag here, I'm not sure how one would parse\n\"先代も貴族の悪い所を煮詰めたような傲慢な男だった\", more specifically \"悪い所を煮詰めたような\" it seems like an\nidiom to me and I'm not sure what it means, I've tried searching on Google and\nI got quite a few hits for this phrase, but no explanation about what it\nmeans.\n\nAny help is greatly appreciated!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T21:30:36.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52822",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-31T01:00:51.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25588",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"idioms",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Is \"悪い所を煮詰めたような\" an idiom? If so what does it mean?",
"view_count": 170
} | [
{
"body": "If no one else is answering..\n\nI myself would **not** call the expression 「悪{わる}い所{ところ}を煮詰{につ}めたような」 an\n\"idiom\" because it simply means what it literally means.\n\nOne can certainly 煮詰める intangible objects ('human characteristics', in this\ncase), not just tangible objects that you can throw into pots.\n\nMy own TL attempt:\n\n> \"His predecessor (also) was a haughty man with all (sorts of) aristocratic\n> vice condensed into him, but this man Keisuke apparently had a non-\n> aristocratic air about him.\"\n\nWithout further context, it would be impossible to translate the two 「も's」\nvery well. The most difficult words in Japanese are single-syllable-long and\nare written in hiragana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T16:34:45.540",
"id": "52855",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-31T00:45:18.593",
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},
{
"body": "While your question has already been answered, I'll throw in a quick breakdown\nof 煮詰める. It does mean to \"boil down\", but your problem understanding the word\nlies with the meaning of \"boil down\" itself.\n\nTo boil down means to \"reduce quantity by boiling off liquid\" or in cooking\nterms, reduction. What this does in cooking is gives you a thicker, more\ncondense flavor for soup or sauce. In English, the use of \"boil down\" focuses\non \"letting the extra liquid evaporate\" while in Japanese, 煮詰める focuses on the\n\"thickening/condensing\" aspect.\n\nSo in your line 「貴族の悪い所を煮詰めたような」, would mean \"it's like he had all the bad\ncharacteristics of aristocrats 煮詰めた\" → \"it's like he had all the bad\ncharacteristics of aristocrats _boiled and thickened_ \" → \"it's like he had\nall the bad characteristics of aristocrats _condensed into him_ \".\n\nIt's just one of the cases where the Japanese and English point to the exact\nsame word, but what is taken from that word differed by language. A case of\nthe glass being half empty or half full.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T17:36:56.033",
"id": "52858",
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}
]
| 52822 | null | 52855 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "if you conjugate a て形動詞 with いく does it mean \"I'll do this from here on\"?\n\nI understand that it's natural to say 覚えておきます because of the meaning you get\nwhen you conjugate with おく (doing in preparation, for the future) but\nshouldn't it be okay to conjugate with いく, because it's describing an action\nbeginning from now and continuing into the future?\n\nI said 覚えていきます the other day after being told someone's name, but my teacher\nsaid it should only be おきます in that situation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T21:58:43.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52825",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-08-29T23:30:18.070",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Why is it wrong to say 覚えていきます?",
"view_count": 748
} | [
{
"body": "覚えていきます has a future tense. It means \"I'm going to remember it step by\nstep/gradually from now on.\" or \"I will remember it step by step.\"\n\n> これから、日本語を覚えていきます。（From now on, I'm going to learn Japanese step by step.)\n\nThis is perfectly fine.\n\n> A) 私の名前は、むらかみ はるき です。\n>\n> B) 覚えていきます。\n\n覚えていきます has the connotation to remember the thing gradually or step by step.\nIn this context, it might mean that \"Okay, I will remember \"mura\" for today.\nTomorrow, I will remember \"kami\" and \"haruki\" the day after tomorrow, because\nI have a bad memory.\" It doesn't make sense.\n\n> A) あなたは、このクラス40人の担当になります。すべての生徒の名前を覚える必要があります。\n>\n> B) わかりました。少しずつでも覚えていきます。\n\nThis is perfect.\n\n> A) 私の名前は、むらかみ はるき です。\n>\n> B) 覚えておきます。(I'll remember your name for your sake. although I don't want to.\n> or Okay, I remember it just in case.)\n\nThis is grammatically correct, but it would be very offensive. The person B is\na very socially-high-ranked person. And the person B thinks that A is inferior\nto B.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T23:49:01.870",
"id": "52827",
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"parent_id": "52825",
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}
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| 52825 | null | 52827 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52828",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the word separated out at all (as in ふう + う)? Or is that extra う simply\ndrawn out longer?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-29T23:23:48.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52826",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-30T03:10:18.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10014",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How is a word like 風雨 (ふうう) distinguished in pronunciation from ふう?",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "Although it's hard to understand what \"ふう+う\" means, I guess that your idea is\ncorrect.\n\nYou have: 風雨{ふうう} = 風｛ふう｝+雨｛う｝\n\nSo, pronunciation-wise, the double う is not a \"very long, continuous う\" but\nrather you pronounce two distinct うs as in ふう-う (where the dash indicates a\nsort of pause. In practice, there isn't really a pause but that might help to\nget an idea). What actually helps here is the listening to the accent.\n\nYou can hear it [here](https://www.japanesepod101.com/japanese-dictionary/) (I\ncannot paste the link of the search directly, so you will have to insert the\nword 風雨 and hit search by yourself). If you listen to the recording, you can\nclearly hear that the うs are pronounced distinctively.\n\nLet me add a graphical interpretation for people with a basic musical\neducation:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gov1m.png)\n\nAnyway, in general, this isn't the only example of words ending with two\nvowels in Japanese. For example, 推移｛すいい｝ is pretty much the same thing and it\nisn't such an uncommon word either (for me this one is even harder by the\nway).\n\n**EDIT:** According to the comments, the い in 推 is not a vowel hence, if this\nis true, what I said above may be imprecise. However, my only point here was\nto provide an example of a word with a difficult pronunciation for similar\nreasons. Anyway you can completely forget about it and ignore the huge mental\nmasturbation in the comments. The answer really ends with the link to the\naudio file that should solve any doubt you had.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T00:23:37.270",
"id": "52828",
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"score": 7
}
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| 52826 | 52828 | 52828 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52836",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the Ghibli film _The Castle of Cagliostro_ , there is a scene where Lupin,\na male character who mainly makes use of stereotypical-masculine language\nthroughout the whole movie, utters the following line:\n\n> それがコテンコテン しっぽ巻いてよ 逃げちゃった\n\nI have seen uses of ね as an interjection in the middle of utterances, so I\nthought that this use of よ was a similar case, but while doing research for a\nschool assignment, I encountered readings on the \"teyo-dawa speech (てよだわ言葉)\"\n(<https://content.ucpress.edu/chapters/10494.ch01.pdf>,\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E8%AA%9E>, etc), which made\nme wonder if the above utterance should be counted as an example of \"teyo-dawa\nspeech.\"\n\nSince it is my first time seeing よ following a non-request -て form, I am\nconfused whether or not this interjecting よ should be considered a deliberate\nuse of \"teyo-dawa speech\" by the character to exaggerate his speech for the\npurpose of mocking himself for running away. If this should not be considered\n\"teyo-dawa speech,\" what is the function of よ in the utterance, and what are\nother examples of よ being used this way?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T03:57:08.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52835",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-31T00:08:34.570",
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"owner_user_id": "25591",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"anime",
"gender",
"role-language",
"feminine-speech",
"particle-よ"
],
"title": "What is the function of よ in this context, and is this よ a deliberate imitation of \"feminine\" てよだわ言葉?",
"view_count": 671
} | [
{
"body": "According to Jisho.org [here](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%88), よ in the\ngiven sentece is defined as \"3 used to catch one's breath or get someone's\nattention in mid-sentence\".\n\n> ## よ\n>\n> Particle\n>\n> 1. indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc.at sentence-end \n> １０００円かそこらで買えますよ。 _You can buy it for a thousand yen or so_.\n>\n> 2. used when calling out to someoneafter a noun \n> 恋人よ、我に帰れ。 _Lover, come back to me_.\n>\n> 3. used to catch one's breath or get someone's attention in mid-sentence\n>\n> 4. yo!\n>\n> Wikipedia definition\n>\n> 5. Yo (kana)よ, in hiragana, or ヨ in katakana, is one of the Japanese\n> kana, each of which represents one mora....\n>\n\nApart from \"teyo-dawa speech\", the よ in this given sentence is called one of a\n\"ねさよ言葉｛ことば｝ ne-sa-yo speech\".\n\nね and さ are used as the same function as よ in the given sentence as:\n\n(A) それがコテンコテン しっぽ巻いて **ね** 逃げちゃった (女性的、子供 female, child) \n(B) それがコテンコテン しっぽ巻いて **さ** 逃げちゃった (関東弁 Kantou dialect) \n(C) それがコテンコテン しっぽ巻いて **よ** 逃げちゃった (男性的 male)\n\nAnyway, the basic form of the given sentece is: \n(D) それがコテンコテン しっぽ巻いて逃げちゃった\n\n### Example\n\n(E) 俺が道を歩いていたら昔の友達に会った。 _When I was walking the streets I met my old friend_. \n(F) 俺が **よ** 、道を **よ** 、歩いていたら **よ** 、昔の **よ** 、友達に **よ** 、会った **ぜ** 。 \nThough the last ぜ does not belong to the group of nesayo-speech, it is usually\nused at the last of the sentence like (F) by a man. \nIt is better not to imitate (F), because it is a poorly behaved way of saying.\n\n### Bonus\n\n(D) それがコテンコテン しっぽ巻いて逃げちゃった \nIf you rewrite (D) plainly, it will be like (G). \n(G) 彼がどうなったかと言うと、それが、彼は誰かにコテンパンにやられ、負け犬のように尻尾{しっぽ}を巻いて逃げたよ。 \nThe interpretation of (G) in English will be like: \n_As for him, he was beaten black and blue and turned tail and ran_.\n\n * \"コテンパンにやられる\" is a passive form of \"コテンパンにやる\". \"コテンパンにやる\" is also said \"コテンパンにやっつける\" in the same meaning. They both mean \"to beat a person black and blue\".\n * \"尻尾｛しっぽ｝を巻｛ま｝いて逃｛に｝げる\" is an idiomatic phrase in Japanese that expresses figuratively how a person behaves when he loses the fight by quoting how a dog sneaks away or runs off with its tail between its legs when the dog loses the fight.\n\nSince I learned that they use \"to turn tail and run\" to describe the same\nsituation in English, it is very interesting that these expressions are very\nsimilar in both languages.",
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| 52835 | 52836 | 52836 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52839",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They both mean rusty/rusted, so is there any subtle difference between these\nsynonyms or is one longer and that's it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T05:49:46.413",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between sabita (錆びた) and sabitsuita (錆びついた)?",
"view_count": 415
} | [
{
"body": "How you express the state of rust may vary from person to person, but I think\nthat 錆びた and 錆びていた are obviously different. \nBecause it is difficult to explain with words, I searched for images by a\nkeyword \"錆\" on the Internet. \nSince I placed the representative images and arranged them according to my\nfeeling, please have a look.\n\nWhen something is very rusty, we sometimes say \"錆｛さび｝さびだ！\" to express it.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OC6Tf.jpg)",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T08:15:50.927",
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| 52837 | 52839 | 52839 |
{
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"body": "When you cut vegetables, you can say みじん切り. Can I say 小刻みにする instead of みじん切り?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T09:10:47.870",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"food"
],
"title": "Can I say 小刻みにする Instead of みじん切り?",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "I think みじん切りにする normally implies chopping something into dices(tiny cubes).\nOn the other hand, I think 小刻みにする normally implies cutting something into\nslices.\n\nI mean みじん切りにする implies cutting onions into tiny bits so that you could mix\nthem and meat for meat patties of hamburgers. On the other hand, 小刻みにする\nimplies cutting onions into slices so that you could put them on the pizza.\n\nEdit 1: There is a definition from Wikipedia: みじん切り.\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%88%87%E3%82%8A>\n\nみじん切り(cutting vegetables into dices by the side length of cubes : approx\n1-2mm）Called brunoise in French.\n\n粗みじん切り(cutting vegetables into dices by the side length of cubes: approx\n3-4mm）\n\nあられ切り(cutting vegetables into dices by the side length of cubes : approx 5mm）\n\nI think normally if you are asked to do 小刻みにする, you are required to cut\nsomething into slices by bigger than these size above.\n\nEdit2:\n\nIf you read the last paragraph of mackygoo's answer, it describes that keep\ncutting vegetables in 小刻みにする eventually becomes みじん切り.So, if you keep saying\n小刻みにする, the vegetables gonna get into small fragments since they have been cut\nin various angles. But if you said みじん切りにする, it's difficult to go back to\n小刻みにする。since your intention is cutting into tiny dices.It's hard to go back\nfrom an object being changed into dices to that of being changed into slices,\nright?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T11:01:36.933",
"id": "52841",
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{
"body": "> Can I say 小刻みにする instead of みじん切り?\n\nNo, you cannot. \nI'll explain etymologically why you cannot.\n\n\"みじん\" in \"みじん切り\" is \"微塵｛みじん｝\" when written in kanji. \"微塵\" is made up of \"微\"\nand \"塵\", where \"微\" means \"very small or fine\" and \"塵\" means \"dust\", so \"微塵\"\nitself means \"very small dust or fine dust\". Therefore, if you cut something\nwith the method of \"みじん切り\", the cut result must be small pieces.\n\nOn the other hand, \"小刻み\" means literally small \"刻み _notches or nicks_ \".\nStrictly speaking, it means \"notches or nicks\" with small spacing. \n\"刻み\" is originally notches or nicks made with a knife on a pillar, plate,\nstick or bar. When the notches become continuous, they look like the scale on\na ruler. \nTherefore \"小刻み\" means continuous cutting with a small interval. So if you cut\nsomething with the method of \"小刻みにする”, the result will be sliced as in other\nanswers.\n\nAs a result, in order to make the food material \"みじん切り minced\" with the method\nof \"小刻みするにする slicing\", it is necessary to repeat \"小刻みにする\" by changing the\ndirection of the sliced material several times.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T13:00:58.417",
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{
"body": "I don't really think that 小刻みにする is often used for cutting something in\ncuisine, although there seems to be [examples of actual\nusage](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%94++%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%BB%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%22)\n. As [chocolate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/9831/chocolate)\nmentioned, I'd say \"小さく刻む\".\n\n小刻み, in general, refers (kind of figuratively) to i) something repeated at\nshort interval or ii) something done gradually, step by step.\n\nExamples:\n\n> [小刻みの駆け足](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000042/files/24416_15370.html)\n>\n> [実践目標は小刻みに](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001097/files/49825_57788.html)\n>\n> [鉄道の小刻みな振動](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001824/files/57067_58185.html)\n>\n> [セコンド針の小刻みの音](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000183/files/45282_39789.html)\n>\n> [小刻みにふるえて](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000293/files/4751_6703.html)\n\netc.\n\nSo my answer would be _Not actually, 小刻み bears a different meaning from\nliteral 'cutting into small pieces'. Although it will be understood and some\nactually use it, I don't think it's that widespread._",
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| 52840 | null | 52846 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52844",
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"body": "> 「じきに夕食の支度もできると思いますよ。 \n> どうです、いっしょに？」\n>\n> 「ラッキー！ \n> それじゃ、ごちそうになってこうかな。」\n\nMy attempt - So, it's your treat then?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T11:14:22.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52842",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of ごちそうになってこうかな?",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "The nuance is more like \"I guess I'll take you up on that offer.\"\n\nごちそうになる is the standard polite expression for eating a meal that was prepared\nby someone else or at someone else's expense, and it includes an element of\ngratitude for the favour (similar to ～ていただく forms). The form ～てこう is a\ncontraction of ～て行こう, ie. \"I'll do X before I go\", and the かな introduces a\nslight uncertainty, as in a \"maybe\" or \"I guess\". So the full ごちそうになってこうかな\nliterally means something like \"maybe I'll eat here (gratefully, at your\nexpense) before I leave\".\n\n\"So, it's your treat then?\" doesn't really work as a translation because\nthere's nothing in the response that's questioning the first speaker's intent.\nThe first speaker has already made a clear offer to provide a meal, and the\nsecond speaker is simply accepting with an \"Oh, nice! I guess I'll do that,\nthen.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T11:42:10.053",
"id": "52844",
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| 52842 | 52844 | 52844 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52845",
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"body": "I'm currently learning Japanese, and I realise that the language has something\nknown as a topic, something which is unheard of in English.\n\nAccording to Wikipedia,\n\n> It is written with the hiragana は, which is normally pronounced ha, but when\n> used as a particle is pronounced wa. **It is placed after whatever is to be\n> marked as the topic.**\n\nSo, accordingly, if I say 車は新しいです, then 車 is the topic.\n\nBut, I was given this:\n\n> 佐藤さんは会社員です。 \n> 佐藤さん **も** 日本人です。 (X)\n\nThe second sentence is wrong. From my understanding, you can use も when the\ntopic remains the same in a conversation. In this case, the topic is 佐藤さん, so\nwhy couldn't you use も then? My teacher told me 会社員 is the topic, but\nshouldn't the topic be 佐藤さん?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T11:16:57.783",
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"id": "52843",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-も",
"topic"
],
"title": "Where is the topic in a Japanese sentence?",
"view_count": 1167
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct that 佐藤さん is the topic in these sentences, but your\nunderstanding that も can be used \"when the topic remains the same\" is\nincorrect.\n\nThe actual usage of も is the opposite - it introduces a _new_ topic (or other\nelement in the sentence) to which the same statement applies. The word to\nwhich も is attached should be the only element in the statement that _does_\nchange, not the only element that doesn't.\n\nSo the following pair of sentences would make sense:\n\n> 佐藤さんは会社員です。 (Mr Sato is a businessman.) \n> 田中さん **も** 会社員です。 (Mr Tanaka is **also** a businessman.)\n\nBut the pair you suggested makes no sense, because も is attached to the same\nthing in both sentences.\n\nThe confusion may arise because the English word \"also\" actually acts on the\nentire sentence rather than any specific word, and so can function identically\nregardless of which element has changed. For instance:\n\n> Mr Sato is a businessman. \n> Mr Sato is **also** a Japanese person.\n\nIn English, this makes sense and has the exact same structure as the above\npair, even though this time it's the latter element that has changed. In\nJapanese, however, the structure of this pair would be different - you would\nneed to attach も to the latter element:\n\n> 佐藤さんは会社員です。 \n> （佐藤さんは）日本人で **も** あります。\n\nIn these examples, the topic (佐藤さん) remains the same, so it can and usually\nwould be omitted in the second sentence. も in this case is not attached to the\ntopic, but to the predicate 日本人です (which has to be expanded into the fuller\nform 日本人であります when も is used).\n\nIn a sentence with an ordinary verb rather than です, the usage of も is a little\nmore straightforward - it simply replaces は if the topic changes, が if the\nsubject changes, or を if the object changes. So:\n\n> 佐藤さんはワインを飲みます。 (Mr Sato drinks wine.) \n> 田中さん **も** ワインを飲みます。 (Mr Tanaka **also** drinks wine.)\n>\n> 佐藤さんはワインを飲みます。 (Mr Sato drinks wine.) \n> 佐藤さんはビール **も** 飲みます。 (Mr Sato **also** drinks beer.)\n>\n> 佐藤さんが来ました。 (Mr Sato arrived.) \n> 田中さん **も** 来ました。 (Mr Tanaka **also** arrived.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T12:10:24.813",
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| 52843 | 52845 | 52845 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52848",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context, see here:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/oraqSdS/img-20170830-0001-new.pdf>\n\nThe following sentence is taken from Line 2-3:\n日本では交通事故で毎年1万人くらい死んでいるが、その原因のほとんどは運転手のミスである。\n\nFirst, my attempt at translation: In Japan each year around 10000 people are\nkilled in accidents in traffic, but…it is the drivers fault.\n\nI honestly can’t make any sense of その原因のほとんどは .\n\nほとんど is listed on jisho as an adverbial or temporal noun\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A8%E3%82%93%E3%81%A9%E3%81%8C> I\ndon’t know what a temporal noun is. I know nouns in adverbial function with a\ntemporal meaning. Maybe this is meant here, but I can’t know for sure. And\neven if I knew what it is, with the english translations provided by jisho I\nstill can’t figure out a meaningful translation.\n\nThe same btw. goes for this sentence (Line 4-5):\n飛行機事故、仕事中の事故、家庭での事故、これらの原因もほとんどがヒュマンエラーである。\n\nFirst, my attempt at translation: „aircraft accidents, accidents at the\nworkplace and accidents at home, ….are human error.“\n\nThe part これらの原因もほとんどが is just as cryptic for me. I’d also like to know why も\nis used here, since the pattern is basically the same as before. Is も used in\nthe function of the の of the sentence before, just with the addition that も\nemphasizes that the same or a similar thing is mentioned here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T13:04:08.243",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How is this ほとんど used?",
"view_count": 798
} | [
{
"body": "Xのほとんど means \"most of X\" or \"almost all of X\". In this case X is その原因 (\"their\ncauses\"), so the phrase literally means \"most of their causes\", or in more\nnatural English \"the causes of most of the accidents\". I would loosely\ntranslate the whole sentence as \"Around 10,000 people die in traffic accidents\nin Japan each year, but the vast majority of these cases are caused by an\nerror on the part of the driver.\"\n\nThe も in the second quoted sentence is a standard \"also\" usage applying to the\n原因, indicating that the causes of all these things **too** are mostly human\nerror.\n\nGrammatically this も is not replacing a の (which can't generally be replaced\nby も as it links to another word rather than indicating a grammatical role in\nthe sentence as a whole) but a は. So in this case これらの原因 is the topic of the\nsentence, but the meaning is roughly the same regardless of whether you say\nXはほとんどが… (\"As for X, most of them are...\") or Xのほとんどが… (\"Most of X are...\").",
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| 52847 | 52848 | 52848 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52868",
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"body": "The following sentence is taken from Line 11-13 in\n[this](https://www.docdroid.net/oraqSdS/img-20170830-0001-new.pdf):\n\n> 奇数番号は記憶型かどうか調べるもので、丸が4つ以上ある人は「ぼんやり」、6つ以上あったら「かなりぼんやり」である。\n\nFirst, I’m a bit puzzled on this もので. Is it particle も + ので, or もの + (の中)で?\nSecond, I don’t know whatsoever with this まる and the numbers. I’ve no idea\nwhat they are talking about. Third, I can’t integrate 「ぼんやり」 and 「かなりぼんやり」 ,\nwhich is also because I’m lacking context (See First and Second).\n\nHowever, here’s my attempt at full translation.\n\n> Concerning a series of odd digits, out of the search results about which\n> type of memory, the people where the circle is 4 and upwards (it is)\n> ‘absentminded’, and when it is 6 ‘fairly absentminded’.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T14:56:20.667",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "奇数番号は記憶型かどうか調べるもので、丸が4つ以上ある人は「ぼんやり」、6つ以上あったら「かなりぼんやり」である",
"view_count": 141
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{
"body": "That \"もので\" is a a construction that indicates a reason/cause. You could\nroughly translate it as \"because of - for that reason\".\n\nThe construction is Verb (dict) + もので, and you can think of it as a\nconjunctive particle that indicates a reason or a cause. You can find more\nexplanations and examples [at this\nlink](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n1-grammar-%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7-mono-de/).\n\nThis being said, you can translate your sentence as:\n\n> The odd numbers are what determines whether (the person) is a \"memory type\"\n> or not, and (because of that) people with 4 or more circles are \"absent-\n> minded\" while people with more than 6 are \"quite absent-minded\".\n\nNow some things to be noticed:\n\n 1. I'm not sure what a good translation of 記憶型 could be here. Looking at your link it seems that it is one between two types of personalities (記憶、注意) described in some research. Here I decided just to leave it as \"memory type\". \n 2. Without more context, it is indeed difficult to judge what those 丸 refer to. However, it seems logical that since we are talking of some personality test and \"odd numbers\", this probably refers to circling or anyway selecting certain answers. How many will determine the type of personality, absent-minded or quite absent-minded. Notice also that 丸 is what Japanese people commonly use to select \"correct\" answers in test or in general making selections depending on the context (but I suppose you know about the まる/ばつ convention already).\n 3. The above is not a literal translation of course but I think it's not what you are asking here. It seems to me the main thing was the もので and the general idea of what's going on.\n\n**Personal interpretation**\n\nSince I'm not sure if what follows is actually true, do not consider it as\npart of the answer but rather as an intellectual speculation. The answer ended\ntwo lines above.\n\nSince you try to break down that もので，I wonder if that もの comes simply from 物\nand で isn't just です that, since it's connecting two sentences, simply becomes\nで. I mean, I wonder if this construction isn't somehow equivalent or anyway\nrelated to something like: 何々。。。Vd物であり、何々。。。 which is literally saying that a\ncertain thing is \"something that does V\", and I guess you would expect the\nnext sentence to explain some consequence of that. Then over time this became\nthe standard construction もので discussed above.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T00:16:21.560",
"id": "52868",
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{
"body": "マル (◯）=\"yes\"\n\nバツ（✕）=\"No\"\n\n> The questionnaire is intended to check the two types of \"making mistakes\":\n> \"easy-to-forget and making mistakes type\" and \"carelessly-making-mistakes\n> type.\" The odd number questions are what determines whether you are an\n> \"easy-to-forget type\" or not. If you mark 4 or more \"yes,\" you are regarded\n> as an \"absent-minded\" person. If you mark 6 or more \"yes,\" you are a \"quite\n> absent-minded\" person. The even number questions are for \"carelessly-making-\n> mistakes type.\"\n\n調べる もの で＝調べる 質問 で＝調べる 質問 であり、",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T11:19:08.250",
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| 52850 | 52868 | 52868 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52865",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to interpret the sentence:\n\n```\n\n ――ラファから、長に、そう耳打ちしてもらう\n \n```\n\nYou can see this in context [here](http://ncode.syosetu.com/n4891y/), but I'll\ndescribe a little of the situation in this post.\n\nThe line is said by a character named Ian to the main character. The topic is\nYakt, someone who broke a tradition of their culture. Ian had just told the MC\n\"掟を破った者を、置いてはおけない。\" which I believe means \"We can't keep someone here who\nbroke our rule.\"\n\nラファ (Rafa) seems to be a young girl who appears throughout the novel, and I\nassume 長 is the leader of the tribe (an older woman).\n\nAnyway, I believe \"耳打ち\" means \"whisper\". So the crux of my question is how から\nand に fit in grammatically here with \"してもらう\"\n\nI am guessing this sentence means the following:\n\n```\n\n Rafa will covertly tell the village chief about Yakt leaving the village.\n \n```\n\nHowever I may have things reversed.\n\nCan someone confirm my interpretation?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T15:06:14.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52852",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-から",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Understanding the pattern \"〜から、〜に耳打ちしてもらう\"",
"view_count": 68
} | [
{
"body": "I didn't read the whole thing, so I can't confirm the \"about Yakt leaving the\nvillage\" part, but what I read it seems like your interpretation is pretty\nmuch correct.\n\n～してもらう is being used to convey that it'll further their purposes (in\nprotecting the law or whatever), so a slightly more precise translation might\nbe along the lines of \" **we'll have** Rafa tell the chief XXX\" depending on\nhow/why Rafa ends up doing the telling. Additionally, depending on how Rafa is\ndoing the telling, you could render 耳打ち more literally as \"whisper.\" Again,\ncontext.",
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| 52852 | 52865 | 52865 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52866",
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"body": "I'm used to seeing ほとんどのX to mean 'most X'. Sometimes I see Xのほとんど like in\n[this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52847/how-is-\nthis-%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A8%E3%82%93%E3%81%A9-used). Are both forms equally valid?\ndo they have exactly the same meaning? For example is there any difference\nbetween the following:\n\n> ほとんどの果物は丸い。 \n> 果物のほとんどは丸い。 \n> Most fruits are round.\n\nEdit: I'm failing to see how this is a duplicate of a question I already added\na link to. If I'm missing something please let me know.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T15:41:47.973",
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"id": "52853",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between ほとんどのX and Xのほとんど",
"view_count": 582
} | [
{
"body": "It would indeed be tempting to say that these two constructions are\neffectively one and the same, but there are some instances where you simply\ncannot use them interchangeably. The subtle nuances are easier to grasp when\nthey are translated into English.\n\n> [Grammatical]: **ほとんどの** 果物は丸い。\n>\n> = **Most** fruits are round. [adjective-ish]\n>\n> [Grammatical]: 果物 **のほとんど** は丸い。\n>\n> = Fruits are **almost always** / **in most cases** round. [adverb-ish]\n\n* * *\n\nWith this in mind, let's take a look at the following example:\n\n> [Grammatical]: ... その原因 **のほとんどは** 運転手のミスである。\n>\n> = They are **almost always** / **in most cases** caused by ... [adverb-ish]\n\nIn this specific instance though, you cannot switch the words around and use\nthe adjective-ish construction ほとんどのX:\n\n> [NOT grammatical]: **ほとんどの** その原因は運転手のミスである。\n>\n> = **Most their** causes are ... [adjective-ish]\n\nIt is the word その [its/that/their] that makes this adjective-ish construction\nimpossible here.\n\nBear with me here, as I have intentionally used clumsy English phrasing \"most\ntheir causes are\" for the sake of better capturing the feel of the Japanese\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T21:36:21.933",
"id": "52866",
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| 52853 | 52866 | 52866 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For full context see here:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/oraqSdS/img-20170830-0001-new.pdf>\n\nThe sentence is from 21-22:\n聖人君子か大うそつきか、または自分がエラーをしていることに気が付いていないか、忘れてしまっている一番困ったひと **かもしれない** 。\n\nFirst, I wouldn't have a problem with this sentence if the bold かもしれない was\nか+も+知れない, but since the kanji is lacking I guess it is just かもしれない indicating\nthat the speaker feels very unsure about smthg..\n\nI interprete the か after 大うそつきか etc. as the か marking an indirect question.\nSince there is no question word like なに どう etc I'd expect かどうか but there\nalready was the case that かどうか wasn't used and instead just か has been applied\n(I asked about this here and I was told that it was perfectly normal that this\ncould happen).\n\nNow, here my translation: \"It could be a perfect person or a big liar, or\nsomeone who doesn't notice the mistakes he makes himself, or a person who is\ntroubled by forgetting (forgetfulness?) the most.\"\n\nWhat's also confusing me is that 困ったひと **かもしれない** lacks another か between\nかもしれない and ひと. I'd say that 困った人 also belongs to this long chain of indirect\nquestions. I've never learnt that the last part of such a chain could omit its\nか. But maybe I got it wrong in the first place, thats why Im asking ^^",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T16:33:03.600",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does かもしれない integrate into this sentence",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know where to start, so it'll be a cluster of many answers, which will\nhopefully lead you on the right path.\n\nFirst of all, as for your translation, there is a certain nuance of the word\n[忘]{わす}れる I'd like to point out:\n\n> **わす・れる【忘れる】**\n>\n> 何かに熱中してうっかり気がつかずにいる。\n>\n> 「美しさに我を―・れる」「時のたつのを―・れる」「寝食を―・れて働く」\n>\n>\n> **Source:[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BF%98%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-665154#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)**\n\nWith this in mind, I believe the correct translation should be as follows:\n\n> They may be a perfect person, or a big liar, they may not see the mistakes\n> they make themself or they may lose themself completely in their own\n> problems.\n\nAs for かもしれない being this way, not written かも[知]{し}れない, I believe it's not\nuncommon practice to omit kanji.\n\nSecondly, the grammar structure used in this phrase is bunch of thrown in\nsuggestions, bound with the か particle, which end with the final guessing\nstructure かもしれない.\n\nLastly, I don't think final part needs か before かもしれない, since it's already\nthere. To follow up on this, I've always tried to reverse-engineer grammar\nstructures like this one to better understand their meaning. I like to think\nabout this one this way: \"...I couldn't know better, X may also be the case\".\n\nIf there's anything else you'd like to ask, I'll be waiting in the comment\nsection. o/",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T17:37:52.143",
"id": "52859",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"body": "> 聖人君子 **か** 大うそつき **か** 、または自分がエラーをしていることに気が付いていない **か**\n> 、忘れてしまっている一番困ったひとかもしれない。\n\nThese か's mean \"or\". \nかもしれない means \"might be\".\n\nThe basic construction of this sentence is:\n\n> AかBか、またはCか、Dかもしれない。\"It might be A, B, C, or D.\"\n\nA = 聖人君子 a perfect person \nB = 大うそつき a big liar \nC = 自分がエラーをしていることに気が付いていない \n(he) hasn't noticed that he made mistakes \nD = (自分がエラーをしていることを)忘れてしまっている一番困ったひと \nThe most troublesome/hopeless person who has forgotten that he made mistakes\n\n「忘れてしまっている」 is a relative clause modifying 「（一番困った）人」. \nThe object of 「忘れてしまっている」 is 「自分がエラーをしていること」. \"Has forgotten that he made\nmistakes.\"\n\n\"It could be a perfect person, a big liar, or someone who doesn't notice that\nhe made mistakes, or the most troublesome/hopeless person who has forgotten\nthat he made mistakes.\"\n\n* * *\n\nI think it could also be interpreted this way:\n\n> AかBか、またはCかもしれない。\"It might be A, B, or C.\"\n\nA = 聖人君子 a perfect person \nB = 大うそつき a big liar \nC = 自分がエラーをしていることに気が付いていないか、忘れてしまっている一番困ったひと \nThe most troublesome/hopeless person who hasn't noticed or has forgotten that\nhe made mistakes.\n\n「自分がエラーをしていることに気が付いていないか、忘れてしまっている」 is a long relative clause modifying\n「（一番困った）人」.\n\n\"It could be a perfect person, a big liar, or the most troublesome/hopeless\nperson who doesn't notice or has forgotten that he made mistakes.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T02:43:56.820",
"id": "52873",
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| 52854 | null | 52873 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'll just start off by saying I'm not exactly new to Japanese but I'm still\nlearning the kindergarten equivalent of what native speakers learn. I've\nmastered Hiragana and Katakana and am using Genki to learn my grammar and\nKanji. One thing it fleetingly explains and that I'm still confused about is\nthe difference between On and Kun readings. I understand that On is for the\nChinese benefit and the Kun is the reading the native speakers made for their\nspeaking, but when making compound Kanji, there doesn't seem to be a pattern\nbetween the usage of On or Kun. It says that On is also the \"sound element\"\nand Kun is the \"meaning element\", so how am I supposed to know the difference\nbetween when to use either one??",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T17:14:27.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52856",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-30T19:54:06.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25604",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "When am I supposed to know when to use the On-Yomi (sound-element) or Kun-Yomi (meaning element)?",
"view_count": 2476
} | [
{
"body": "In general, its determined by whether or not there's hiragana attached... This\nis a pretty good place to start:\n\n<https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/onyomi-kunyomi-kanji/>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T17:18:54.790",
"id": "52857",
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{
"body": "Experience is the best teacher.\n\nHere are some general tips that might make reading kanji easier:\n\n 1. For pairs of kanji, you will _most likely_ use the on'yomi.\n\nThis is not a hard rule. Kanji that come in pairs of 3 or more also apply in\nthis case, but sometimes the way you parse the words will also dictate the\nreading. You may also encounter situations where one kanji uses the on'yomi\nand the other uses the kun'yomi. Experience reading these characters will give\nyou the best feel for how it will work.\n\n 2. Kanji that is proceeded and followed by kana will _most likely_ use the kun'yomi.\n\nOnce again, there are exceptions to this rule too. Since kanji was adapted\nfrom Chinese, some Chinese words became part of the Japanese vocabulary. These\nChinese cognates, while not the only exception, are the main exception to this\nrule. Once again, the more experience you have with a character, the easier it\nis to read.\n\n 3. There is no substitute for experience.\n\nPractice Practice Practice. You can never get proficient at anything without\npractice. The same definitely applies to kanji. The more experience you can\nget under your belt, the better prepared you will be when you encounter a new\nword using kanji you recognize.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T19:40:26.737",
"id": "52862",
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| 52856 | null | 52862 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52863",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "```\n\n ま、わたしのカンペキな説明なら、\n 2才のトンガリイボザルだって\n 理解120％だけどね！\n \n```\n\nIs it sharp-minded colobus or colobus with something pointy?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T18:54:26.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52860",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-31T01:15:57.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is トンガリイボザル?",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "とんがり＝とがった、尖った＝pointed＝something that is long and its edge is very sharp,\ntypically \"circular cone.\"\n\nいぼ＝疣=verruca\n\nサル=monkey\n\nトンガリイボザル＝とがったいぼを持つサル＝the monkey with the coned verruca(s)\n\nThis is an imaginary animal, which is created by the writer, who seems to have\ncreated a lot of other imaginary animals as well.\n\nイボイノシシ, however, is a real animal that has four verrucas in its face.\n\n<http://wonder.whdpet.com/p/1703/CJMocx6Y1.html>\n\nイボ＝verrucas, イノシシ＝a wild pig",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T20:12:12.713",
"id": "52863",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-31T01:15:57.253",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-31T01:15:57.253",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "52860",
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"score": 2
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| 52860 | 52863 | 52863 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52864",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> そのきつねが **なにか** しきりと前{まえ}あしで顔{かお}をこすっているかと思{おも}うと、 **なにか**\n> 草の葉{は}を頭{あたま}にのっけて、ちゅう帰{かえ}りのようなことをした。\n\nHow is なにか used in this sentence? It is used twice, but it doesn't seem to\nmean \"something\" in this case. The sentence is from a story called \"小学生ときつね\"\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-30T19:25:08.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52861",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-30T21:14:09.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "905",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "What does なにか mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 283
} | [
{
"body": "At its most pure, なにか on its own does mean \"something/anything/whatever\".\nHowever, it can also be used generally to express many forms of vagueness,\ntypically indicated by the English marker word \"some\", especially when\ncombined with the true subject of the statement. Think \"some kind/sort of\n[thing]\", and \"somehow\" as a lead-in.\n\n* * *\n\n## [Example\n1](https://books.google.com/books?id=hetODQAAQBAJ&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q&f=false)\n\nJohnはなにかを買った \n\"John bought something\"\n\nJohnはなにか本を買った \n\"John bought some book\"\n\n## [Example\n2](https://books.google.com/books?id=FvVkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33#v=onepage&q=nanika&f=false)\n\nなにかものたらない \n\"This is incomplete somehow\"\n\n(The source also demonstrates informal/shorthand/dialect usage なんか)\n\n* * *\n\nYou can think of the general purpose of なにか as the concept \"[something] I\ncan't quite put my finger on\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-30T21:14:09.277",
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| 52861 | 52864 | 52864 |
{
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"body": "I've a comment in a manga relating to the speed of a shock-wave passing\nthrough someone's stomach and I'm not sure I get what it's saying:\n\n> 腹の直径は約1.5m\n>\n> 波のスピードは4km/s\n>\n> 腹の直線を1.5mとして割ると2.7秒となる\n\nSo the top two bits obviously say that the stomach is around 1.5m in diameter,\nand that the wave's speed is 4km/s, but I don't really follow what the latter\nbit's saying (I'd assume it's something like 2.7 seconds to cover the stomach\nor something, but that'd be way too slow presumably).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Unsure On A Math TL",
"view_count": 78
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with you. I cannot understand these sentences. They seem illogical.\n\n> 腹の直径は約1.5m\n\nI don't know this sentence. It's too large for a human. Maybe the writer is\ntalking about a whale or something.\n\n> 波のスピードは4km/s\n\nWhat kind of the wave? It is Mach 11.7. It's very faster than the sound's\nwave. If it is the typo of 4km/hr, it would be near the walking speed of a\nperson.\n\n> 腹の直線を1.5mとして割ると2.7秒となる\n\nIt would be 0.375msec instead. If the wave's speed was 4km/hr, it would be\n1.1m/sec, and the answer would be 1.35秒.\n\nThe context seems an ackamaraka. It isn't true, or more context and background\nshould be needed to make a better answer for your question. This might be a\nlanguage spoken/written by a schizophrenic patient. And I can think this is a\nlanguage question, rather a math question. :)\n\nHope this helps.",
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{
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"body": "In my grammar reference book the pattern is layed out like this:\n\n * [高い/高かった] ＋ ほうが ＋ **いAdjective** ＋ より...\n * [静かな/静かだった] ＋ ほうが ＋ **なAdjective** ＋ より...\n\nThis indicates to me that I could say, for example,\n\n男としては、強いほうが弱いよりいいです\n\n(because both 強い and 弱い are いadjectives), but could I use this pattern with\nboth an い and a な adjective?\n\nMany thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T01:22:20.023",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "Can the ~ほうが~より pattern be used with both an い adjective and a な adjective?",
"view_count": 448
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, of course you can:\n\n> 賢い{かしこい}ほうがバカより望ましい{のぞましい}です。\n>\n> 簡単{かんたん}なほうがそんな紛らわしい{まぎらわしい}よりいいと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "I believe the example of your own that you've provided sounds not very\nnatural.\n\nHere's an excerpt from a great book I encourage everyone to buy called\nどんな時どう使う日本語表現文型辞典, published by **[ALC](http://www.alc.co.jp/)** , with many\ngreat, easy to understand examples and covering JLPT from 1級 to 4級.\n\n> **【より～のほう】**\n>\n> ㊀ デパートの品物よりスーパーの品物の方が安い。\n>\n> ㋥ 私は海より山の方が好きです。\n>\n> ㊂ 私は日本酒よりビールの方をよく飲みます。\n>\n> ㊃ この店は、日曜日より月曜日や火曜日の方がお客さんが多いです。\n>\n> ㊄ 一人で食べるより、みんなと一緒に食べる方が楽しいです。\n>\n> ㊅ 東京駅に行くとき、バスで行くより電車で行く方が早いです。\n>\n>\n> １）「N1よりN2の方」の形で二つのもの（N1とN2）を取り上げて比べ、一方（N2の方）が程度が上（下）であると言いたいときに使う。否定の形では言わないのが普通である。\n>\n> ◆×りんごよりみかんの方が大きくない。\n>\n> ２）㊄ ㊅ のように、名詞以外につく形もある。\n\nAs the second explanation shows us, this structure also appends to forms other\nthan nouns, as in example 5) and 6).\n\nTo sum it up for you: yes, you could use with both i- and na-adjectives and\neven uses verbs if you wanted to.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "52877",
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"body": "This\n[dictionary](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E7%94%B3%E3%81%97%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E6%80%9D%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%22)\nstates that a clause like 「申し訳なく思っていますが〜」 means \"Though I was sorry—\" What I\ndon't understand is the usage of 思う here. 申し訳ない itself means \"sorry,\" does it\nnot? What does adding 思う do? How does that sentence differ from 「申し訳ないが〜」?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T03:03:04.277",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"keigo"
],
"title": "What does adding 思う to 申し訳ない do?",
"view_count": 98
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{
"body": "The difference between 申し訳ない and 申し訳なく思う is akin to the difference between \"I\nam sorry\" and \"I feel sorry\" in English, i.e. there is no essential\ndifference.\n\nIn th example you have chosen, I believe, adding 思う in Japanese makes the\nphrase more subjective, allowing adding a contrasting feeling or view in a\nsubordinate clause (\"though\"). For example if you were explaining the\nsituation to a third person.\n\n申し訳ないが in comparison would be more apologetic.\n\n* * *\n\n思う has a broader usage than a typical \"to think\" interpretation. See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9933/11104).",
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| 52874 | 52877 | 52877 |
{
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"body": "As always, we have to take non-sentence poetry at face value; sometimes it is\nalmost always ambiguous, but there is probably another perspective I am over\nlooking. Taking a look at the final verse from きのこ帝国's second track from 渦になる,\ntitled \"退屈しのぎ\" ([full lyrics and transcription / translation I'm working\non](https://genius.com/12611903)):\n\n```\n\n 唐突に始まるお前の昔話\n 聞きながらアルペジオ\n 冴えないノンフィクションの結末を\n 握っているお前の手は冷たいから嫌だ\n やさぐれ吐く息に混じる声が歌い出す\n \n```\n\nThe bits of this verse fall out pretty easily, but the way they fit together\nis a little hard for me. My attempt:\n\n**唐突に始まるお前の昔話** == \"Suddenly _it_ begins, _your reminiscence_ \"\n\n**聞きながらアルペジオ** == Is the 昔話 being listen to, as in \"while listening\"? (Could\nit be ながら \"although [in which case, does this imply an arpeggio is being\n\"played\"?]) Is this 聞き as in \"ask\"? Why is アルペジオ surrounded by no verb phrase\nor particles? Is it アルペジオを as in アルペジオをする?\n\n**冴えないノンフィクションの結末を** == \"concludes _the dark / sullen non-fiction_ \"\n\nCould this 冴えない mean \"boring / uninteresting\" ? Does アルペジオがノンフィクションの結末する mean\nthe same, as in, the arpeggio concludes the non-fiction?\n\n**握っているお前の手は冷たいから嫌だ** == Does this 握っている describe お前, resulting in something\nlike, \"Your hand, that I'm clutching, is cold, so I hate (holding) it\"\n\n**やさぐれ吐く息に混じる声が歌い出す** == \"Sings in a voice with a sulking breath\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"syntax",
"poetry"
],
"title": "Trouble parsing lyrics under lack of particles",
"view_count": 95
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{
"body": "As far as parsing goes, my brain is intuitively seeing three\n[\"sentences\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48863/5010) in this verse.\n\n * 唐突に始まるお前の昔話(を)聞きながら、アルペジオ。\n * 【｛（冴えないノンフィクションの結末）を握っている→｝お前の手】は、冷たいから嫌だ。\n * ｛（やさぐれ吐く息）に混じる声｝が、歌い出す。\n\nNote:\n\n * Some verb after アルペジオ is omitted. What's omitted is a very hard question for me. One easy option is to extract the アルペジオ part as a sentence word (like \"Parsley sage rosemary and thyme.\").\n * 冴えないノンフィクションの結末 = the ending of a boring/uninteresting/mediocre non-fiction story\n * ～を握っている = to have control/discretion over ～\n * 握っているお前: 握っている modifies お前 (this is perfectly fine in Japanese), and お前 is the person who is doing the action of 握る.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 52875 | 52878 | 52878 |
{
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"body": "This is related to a question [on the Interpersonal Skills\nsite](https://interpersonal.stackexchange.com/q/2951) about refusing free\ngoods from shopkeepers, etc., and paying for them instead. (Note: I'm not the\nOP of that question, I'm not blind or in Germany.) The most popular answer now\nsuggests a polite but firm \"I insist!\", and that is what I'd probably use if\nthe conversation was in English. But in Japanese, I'm not so sure how to say\nthis. Would something like「失礼{しつれい}します、お支払{しはら}いたいです」be fine?\n\nIt's not uncommon to get something for free as サービス in Japanese stores,\nespecially if the shopkeeper made a mistake in something. In such instances,\nI'd still like to pay for whatever it is they are offering me, especially so\nif that's what I wanted in the first place.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T04:42:18.357",
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"score": 7,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How can I say \"I insist on paying\" (for a free item) to a shopkeeper?",
"view_count": 3613
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{
"body": "I think that it's fine.\n\nI just add \"thank you so much and I'd really appreciate it\" into your phrase.\n\n「おそれ入ります。おもてなしには感謝しますけれども、ちゃんとお支払いいたします。」\n\nThank you so much. I'd really appreciate your hospitality. Since I can afford\nit, I would like to pay for it.",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T05:37:37.500",
"id": "52880",
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"body": "Japanese can be offended if you are trying to pay for free stuff or if you are\ntrying to leave tips. Probably in your case, it's better to accept a gift and\nbuy something else that isn't free as gratitude.\n\nSomething like this also should work: 「お支払いさせてください」, 「お支払いを[受け取って]{うけとって}ください」",
"comment_count": 1,
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"body": "The other answers I feel are OK, but I wanted to point out that I think your\nattempt \"お支払いたい\" is not grammatically correct.\n\nAs far as I know the honorific お is attached to nouns (or well, する-verbs) but\nnot to verbs directly. Therefore if you say お支払い, here 支払い is a **noun** hence\nyou cannot conjugate it in the たい-form. You have two options:\n\n 1. Use する to turn the noun into a verb and say something like: お支払いしたい. \n 2. Drop the お and just say 支払いたい using the **verb** 支払う.\n\nThis being said, I think something more natural for what you want to say could\nbe:\n\n 1. お願いします！是非{ぜひ}お支払いさせてください。\n 2. お願いします！是非払わせてください。\n\nAdding お願いします makes it a polite request, and I think that 是非 adds the feeling\nthat you really would like to pay.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T08:16:05.357",
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"body": "As for polite form, everybody else has already answered it, but for me, I\nwould say:\n\n> どうしても支払いたいです！\n\nどうしても have a meaning like \"no matter what\" or \"at any cost.\"",
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| 52879 | null | 52882 |
{
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"body": "I've stumbled across this sentence, \"怒りのあまりに感情を昂らせてしまうと涙が出てしまいます\", and can't\nfor the life of me understand why 感情 is marked with を since (a) 感情 can't be\nthe subject (doer) of a causative verb (it's a state), and (b) 昂る※ is an\nintransitive verb.\n\nOne theory I have is that it specifies exactly what the person allowed to\nreach a heightened state of excitement, but I don't feel like that's it.\n\nI have three questions,\n\n 1. Why is 感情 marked with を?\n 2. What would happen if 感情 was changed to 自分? Would the meaning be the same?\n 3. What would happen if 感情を was completely removed? \n\n[※デジタル大辞泉, 昂る (動詞):\n気分・感情などが高まる。興奮状態になる。](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%AB%98%E3%81%B6%E3%82%8B-559427#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation",
"object"
],
"title": "Why does the causative verb \"昂らせる\" take \"感情\" as an object in this sentence",
"view_count": 234
} | [
{
"body": "It not 昂る that is taking an object, but 昂らせる.\n\n昂らせる is made up of 昂る(changed to 昂ら) + せる. せる is an auxiliary verb that\nchanges the verb into \"make ... change the state into ...\", which will be\nabout to take an object. (make the emotion into a certain state).\n\nDisclaimer: Some grammar terms may be wrong. Feel free to correct them.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T10:03:58.363",
"id": "52887",
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"body": "I'm not sure what you mean by saying that \"感情 can't be the subject of a\ncausative verb\". Since 感情 is marked by を here, it clearly isn't the subject of\n昂らせる, it's the object. (The subject would be the implied 私.)\n\nPerhaps you meant to say that it shouldn't be the object of 昂らせる because this\nis equivalent to being the subject of the non-causative 昂る, but in this case\nyou are mistaken - 感情 is a perfectly natural subject for 昂る. The verb 昂る\nrefers to \"something\" becoming intensified to an extreme level, and as such 感情\nis an entirely natural and common subject for this word. Indeed, the\ndictionary entry you linked for 昂る lists 気持ちが昂る as one of its main examples,\nand 感情 is almost identical in meaning to 気持ち.\n\nSo if 感情が昂る literally means \"my emotions become intensified\", the equivalent\ncausative structure 感情を昂らせる in this sentence literally means \"I cause/allow my\nemotions to become intensified\". This isn't a particularly natural expression\nin English (since such emotional reactions aren't really voluntary), but it's\ncommon to use causative constructions like this in Japanese as a way of making\nthe person involved the subject of the action.\n\nMoving on to your question 2), I don't think the phrase 自分を昂らせる would be as\nnatural here, because 昂る usually takes an emotion or aspect as its subject,\nnot a person. But it's not an impossible construction, and I believe 自分を昂らせる\nwould indeed probably be understood as having a roughly equivalent meaning to\n自分の感情を昂らせる.\n\nAs for your question 3), if you removed the 感情を, the sentence would be less\nclear and arguably ungrammatical. Like all causative constructions, 昂らせる needs\nto have an object to make any sense, so if there is no object in the sentence,\nan implied object would have to be assumed. The verb 昂る is so closely linked\nwith the concept of emotion that it might be possible to assume an implied 感情を\neven if it's not explicitly stated (or perhaps you could assume the\npreviously-mentioned 怒り as the object), but either way it seems clearer to\ninclude the object explicitly.",
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| 52883 | 52888 | 52888 |
{
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"body": "in the following sentence why は particle is used? Could I also use の in this\nsentence? Thanks.\n\n彼は歯が白い.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T09:22:13.403",
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"owner_user_id": "25191",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"possession"
],
"title": "why は and not の?",
"view_count": 169
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{
"body": "Basically, you should think of this as a set construct. XはYがZ. Of course, Z\ncan be anything, not just an i-adjective, but in general when you see this\nconstruct, you should interpret it as:\n\n> Regarding X, Y is Z.\n\nFor example,\n\n> この街はお寺が多いです。\n\n\"There are many temples in this town\". Or, literally, \"Regarding this town,\nthe thing that's 'many' is 'temple'\".\n\nAnd of course, you could say\n\n> 彼の歯 **は** 白いです。\n\nThat would also be correct. **However,** please pay special attention that in\nmy example above, there is a **は** particle, not the **が** particle there.\nThere is a reason to that.\n\nThe reason is that the が particle **emphasizes** what comes **before** it,\nwhen the は particle **describes** what comes **after** it. So when you say\n\n> 彼の歯 **は** 白いです。\n\nyou say \"As for his teeth, they're white.\". Describing what comes after the\ntopic marker. This is actually the perfect substitution for your original\nsentence in question. Their meanings are the same with **は**.\n\nIn general, you can interpret the topic marker as:\n\n> A **は** B means \"As for A, B.\".\n\nHowever, **が** works in a different way. With **が** , you can generally\ninterpret things you see as\n\n> A **が** B means \"The thing that's B is **distinctly A** [among all the other\n> things in the context]\".\n\nSo when you say\n\n> 彼の歯 **が** 白いです。\n\nthis is going to be interpreted as\n\n> The thing that's white is **his teeth**.\n\nImplying that, depending on context, **his teeth** are white and **no other\nthing** is white.\n\nOr you could also say\n\n> 彼の **が** 白い歯です。\n\nThis means\n\n> \"The white teeth are **his** \" [and no other teeth are white in this\n> context].\n\nImplying that **his** teeth are white, and no other teeth are. For example,\nthis could be used when there are 4 people in the room, and **one** of them\nhas **distinctly white** teeth in comparison to other people's teeth. So you\ncan't say 「彼の歯 **が** 白いです。」and expect it to mean the same, because it's used\ndifferently.\n\nIf you have any questions left, fire away in comments.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T09:26:33.020",
"id": "52885",
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"body": "は emphasizes that the sentance applies to him in particular and not somebody\nelse. The sentence relates to the conversation topic of him.\n\n彼は歯が白い.\n\nConsists of the first part ''彼は''：''As for him in particular and not somebody\nelse'' and the main part of the sentence 歯が白い. ''teeth are White''. The first\nsays what ''teeth are white'' relates to.\n\nMeanwhile,\n\n彼の歯が白い.\n\nOnly consists of one part. It Would be ''His teeth are white''. Here, the\ngrammatical subject of the sentance (which is always marked with ga) isn't\njust ''teeth'' but instead ''His teeth''.",
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T09:32:32.637",
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| 52884 | 52885 | 52885 |
{
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"body": "I learned that e.g. while 「彼は食べていた。」means \"He was eating.\",「彼はもう食べていた」means\n\"He had already eaten.\" In that case, does using もう in this context always\ntransform the meaning from a continuous state to a resultant state, or is it\nambiguous? That is, what if I want to say \"He was already eating?\" I guess I\ncan say something like 「彼はもう食べ始まっていた。」 to be unambiguous, but is simply\n「彼はもう食べていた。」 still correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T11:34:19.717",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does 「もう〜Vている/ていた」always imply a resultant state?",
"view_count": 651
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's ambiguous. To begin with, 食べていた can mean \"he had eaten it\" too,\nbeside \"he was eating\".\n\n(Incidentally, you don't say 食べ始まっていた but 食べ始めていた. 始まる doesn't have the\nauxiliary usage unlike 始める.)\n\nRephrasing もう食べ始めていた as もう食べていた is still correct.",
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| 52890 | null | 52906 |
{
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"body": "I am reading some easy manga for kids as an exercise. I am stuck on this\nsentence for quite some time and I would like an input on my translation :\n\n * But how are we going to find it since we don't know where it is ? (that was easy to translate)\n * そこがわたしのあたまのいいところよ。\n\nThis is how I tried to translate it :\n\n> そこ\n\n_the aforementioned place_\n\n> わたしのあたま\n\n_my head_\n\n> のいいところよ\n\n_the good place_ (physical or I'm guessing here abstract)\n\nSo in the end I went with : _I have some ideas_. Because I thought that _the\nhead had some good points_.\n\nDid I interpreted _あたまのいいところよ_ correctly ? If I did why is there no verb ?\n(yes it is spoken and sometimes desu is implied but I don't know what verb\nshould be used here)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T12:20:49.737",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"expressions"
],
"title": "あたまのいいところよ - Having ideas?",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "あたまのいいところ is a relative clause. の in this case is actually が, because it is\nvery common to replace が with の in relative clauses. So あたまがいいところ literally\nmeans \"the place, where my head is good\". The whole sentence literally means\n\"That's where my head is good\", which could be translated as \"That's what I'm\ngood at\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T12:59:36.463",
"id": "52893",
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"body": "> そこがわたしのあたまのいいところよ。\n\n\"あたまのいい/頭のいい\" is the same as \"あたまがいい/頭がいい\"; that is a set phrase meaning\n\"someone is bright, intelligent, clever or smart\"\n\nThe given phrase is very easy to understand for almost every Japanese, but it\nis quite difficult to rewrite it in plain Japanese in order to translate it\ninto English.\n\nThe following sentences are my attempt rewritten in easy-to-understand\nJapanese.\n\n(1) それが私が頭がいいことを示すものよ。 \n(2) それが私が頭がいいことを示す証拠{しょうこ}よ。 \n(3) それがどこだか分かることが、私が頭がいいことの証拠｛しょうこ｝よ。\n\nMy attemt in English: \n(1) That's what shows/tells I'm smart. \n(2) That's a proof that I'm smart. \n(3) That I know where it is is a proof that I'm smart. \n(3)' That I could guess where it is is a proof that I'm smart.\n\nThere is a phrase somewhat similar to the given one.\n\n> それが私のいいところよ。\n\nLiterally, it will be like \"That is my good point.\" \nBut the following interpretation will be the exact meaning of it.\n\n> そのように振舞｛ふるま｝えるのが私の取柄｛とりえ｝/長所｛ちょうしょ｝よ。 _It's my advantage to be able to act\n> like that_.",
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| 52891 | 52895 | 52893 |
{
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"body": "What's the difference between their に and が in these sentences?\n\n> 「私にできることがあれば何でも言ってください」\n\nand\n\n> 「私ができることがあれば何でも言ってください」?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T12:56:33.800",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Difference between に and が",
"view_count": 716
} | [
{
"body": "> (1) 私 **に** できることがあれば何でも言ってください。 \n> (2) 私 **が** できることがあれば何でも言ってください。\n\n * Sentence (1) and (2) have nearly the same meaning, and they make sense.\n * (1) is commonly used but (2) is rarely used in the situation where offering one's help to others.\n * Compared to (1), there is a nuance in (2) that the speaker is arrogant. Conversely, (1) is very modest about the attitude of the offering help compared to (2).\n * The nuance of modesty that the sentence of (1) has depends on \"に\" in it. According to jisho.org, the definition of \"に\" in this sentence corresponds to \"in the role of\" of 6 written below.\n\n> 6の意味で「私 **に** できることがあれば」を丁寧に解釈すると、 「色々な人があなたへ色々な種類の援助できると思いますが、その中で、私\n> **にふさわしい役割として** できることがあれば」と言う意味になります。 \n> _If I carefully interpret the phrase \"私 **に** できることがあれば\" in the sense of\n> \"in the role of\" for \"に\", the phrase would be like_: \n> \" _I think that various people can offer various kinds of assistance to\n> you, but if there is something that could be done **as a suitable role for\n> me_** \".\n\nThe difinition of に in jisho.org [here](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AB):\n\n> ### に\n>\n> Particle \n> 1. at (place, time); in; on; during \n> 2. to (direction, state); toward; into \n> 3. for (purpose) \n> 4. because of (reason); for; with \n> 5. by; from \n> 6. **as (i.e. in the role of) See also として** \n> 7. per; in; for; a (e.g. \"once a month\") \n> 8. and; in addition to \n> 9. if; although \n> 10. Ni(kana) に、二",
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| 52892 | null | 52931 |
{
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"body": "The title says it all, what's the difference between 見てない and 見たことがない?\n\nLately, I've seen japanese people using 見てない to express that they have never\nseen something, eg:\n\n> この映画は見てない。\n\nBut I thought that 見てない would be used in the following fashion:\n\n> 今、映画を見てなくて、晩ご飯を食べてるよ。\n\nAnd how different it is from:\n\n> この映画を見たことがない。\n\nis the usage of 見てない a set phrase or something?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-08-31T16:07:54.470",
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"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 見てない and 見たことがない?",
"view_count": 3373
} | [
{
"body": "見たことがない means \"Someone has never seen something ever.\"\n\n見てない is 見ていない that is omitted い. ～している has two meanings. One is progressive\nform and the other is result state. So この映画は見てない means \"I haven't watched this\nmovie.\", it's the later usage. 見てない in 今、映画を見てなくて、晩ご飯を食べてるよ is the former\nusage.\n\nFor example, you can say 彼をまだ今日見てない、but 彼をまだ今日見たことがない would be unnatural.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T18:29:42.620",
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| 52896 | 52901 | 52901 |
{
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"body": "For full context, see here: <https://www.docdroid.net/ipTEvqI/1.pdf>\n\nThe sentence in question is from もんだい number 2, line 1 (おんな):\nあるテレビ会社が、夫は妻に、妻は夫に **どうして** ほしいと思っているかアンケート調査をしました。\n\nI marked it in bold. Considering the context of the full text, where we are\ntold what husbands wish to have done by their wifes and vice versa, I think\nthis \"how (to) do\" in the sense of \"what to do\". Therefore, I'd translate the\nsentence as follows:\n\n\"Some TV-Company did an investigation (here: evaluation?) of a\nsurvey/questionnaire about what husbands want their wifes to do (for them) and\nwhat wifes want their husbands do (for them).\"",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T16:39:45.407",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "This どうして doesn't mean \"why\", does it?",
"view_count": 460
} | [
{
"body": "You're correct!\n\n> あるテレビ会社が、夫は妻に、妻は夫に **どうしてほしい** と思っているかアンケート調査をしました。\n\n=夫は妻に、妻は夫に、 **どのように して ほしい** と思っているか アンケート調査をしました。\n\nIn this context, **どう＝how=どのように**.\n\nAs Japanese sentences don't put spaces between words, you should guess the\nmeaning by the interpretation of the context and background. Confusions may\noccur because of the writing system of the Japanese language, as you\nmentioned.\n\nFor example,\n\n> 電気自動車の人気が急激に高まっており生産が追いつかず、購入希望者は何ヶ月も予約順番待ちの状態です。購入希望者に **どうしてほしい**\n> と思っているか、アンケート調査をしました。\n\n＝ **なぜ、「欲しい」** と思っているか or **どのようにメーカーに対応して欲しい** と思っているか\n\nIn this context, どうして can mean \"why,\" while the other interpretation, \"what do\nthey want?\", can be possible as well.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-01T04:25:47.363",
"id": "52909",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\n> (0) あるテレビ会社が、夫は妻に、妻は夫に **どうして** ほしいと思っているかアンケート調査をしました。\n\n## 回答その１\n\n> This どうして doesn't mean “why”, does it?\n\n(0) は複雑な文章なので、回答その１を検討するために (0) を少し簡単にすると (1) になる。\n\n> (1) 夫は妻に **どうして** ほしいと思っているか、あるテレビ会社が調査をした。 \n> (2) 夫は妻に **なぜ** ほしいと思っているか、あるテレビ会社が調査をした。\n\nここで、(1) の「どうして」が \"why\" なら、\"どうして\" は、\"何故｛なぜ｝\" に置き換えられ (2) に書き換えることができる。(2)\nを見ると他動詞「ほしい」の目的語がないことに気づく。そこで目的語として something の代わりに「新しい家」を登場させると、(3) になる。\n\n> (3) 夫は妻にどうして **新しい家** がほしいと思っているか、あるテレビ会社が調査をした。 \n> (4) どうして新しい家がほしいと思っているか夫は妻に **たずねた** 。 \n> (5) どうして新しい家がほしいと思っているか夫は妻にたずねた **ことを** あるテレビ会社が調査をした。\n\n新しくできた (3) では、「夫」と「妻」と「テレビ会社」との関係が良く分からない。そこで、(3) から「テレビ会社」を外して自然な日本語の文をつくると\n(4) になる。(4) に対して「テレビ会社」を登場さすと、例えば (5) のようになる。(5) は自然な日本語の文である。\n\n(1) の中の「どうして」を \"why\" と解釈すると (5) のような日本語である必要があり、(1) を (5)\nにするために、いくつかの変更が必要であった。従って、(1) の「どうして」を \"why\" と解釈することは無理である。同様に、(0) の「どうして」も\n\"why\" という意味を持たせることは無理であり、間違いである。\n\n# English\n\n> (0) あるテレビ会社が、夫は妻に、妻は夫に **どうして** ほしいと思っているかアンケート調査をしました。\n\n## Answer Part 1\n\n> This どうして doesn't mean “why”, does it?\n\nSince the sentence (0) is a little complicated, if (0) is made a little easier\nin order to examine the answer for Answer Part 1, it becomes (1).\n\n> (1) 夫は妻に **どうして** ほしいと思っているか、あるテレビ会社が調査をした。 \n> (2) 夫は妻に **なぜ** ほしいと思っているか、あるテレビ会社が調査をした。\n\nHere, if \"どうして\" in sentence (1) is meant \"why\", the \"どうして\" could be replaced\nwith \"何故｛なぜ｝\", then (1) could be rewritten to sentence (2). When I peruse the\nsentence (2), I notice that there is no object for the transitive verb \"ほしい\".\nThen, letting \"新しい家 _a new house_ \" exist as an object instead of \"something\",\nit becomes sentence (3).\n\n> (3) 夫は妻にどうして **新しい家** がほしいと思っているか、あるテレビ会社が調査をした。 \n> (4) どうして新しい家がほしいと思っているか夫は妻に **たずねた** 。 \n> (5) どうして新しい家がほしいと思っているか夫は妻にたずねた **ことを** あるテレビ会社が調査をした。\n\nIn the new sentence (3), the relationship between \"夫 _husband_ \", \"妻 _wife_ \"\nand \"テレビ会社 _TV company_ \" isn't clear. So, if you omit the part including\n\"テレビ会社\" from (3) and create a natural Japanese sentence, it becomes a sentence\nlike (4). If you add the omitted part including \"テレビ会社\" properly to the\nsentence (4), it will become like sentence (5). I can say (5) is also a\nnatural Japanese sentence.\n\nIf you interpret \"どうして\" in (1) as \"why\", it is necessary to prepare a natural\nJapanese like (5); and in order to get (5), some changes were necessary to (1)\nas was explained above. Therefore, it is impossible to interpret \"どうして\" in (1)\nas \"why\". Likewise, it is impossible to understand the meaning of \"どうして\" in\n(0) as \"why\".\n\nIn conclusion, I can say that it is incorrect to interpret \"どうして\" in (0) as\n\"why\".",
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| 52897 | 52911 | 52909 |
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"body": "For full context, see here: <https://www.docdroid.net/ipTEvqI/1.pdf>\n\nThe sentence in question is from もんだい number 2, line 5-7 (おんな):\n一方、妻が夫にしてほしいと思っている第1位は「 **自分** が間違っていると思ったらすぐあやまってほしい」ということでした。\n\nFirst, my attempt at translation: \"On the other hand, the number 1 which wifes\nwish their husbands to do was 'when he thinks that he himself is wrong I wish\nhe immediately apologizes'.\"\n\nUntil now, when じぶん was used it usually referred to the speaker himself.\nHowever, at least in the way I understood the sentence, it wouldn't make any\nsense if the wifes \"wished\" that they themselves did X, especially not what is\ndescribed here. I suspect that the じぶん",
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"grammar"
],
"title": "What does this quote say?",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "The gist of your understanding is correct, and your attempt at translating\nthis is very close. Let's look at the phrase in quotation marks:\n\n> **自分** が間違っていると思ったらすぐあやまってほしい \n> If he thinks it is **his own** mistake I would like him to apologize\n> immediately.\n\nIn most sentences involving 自分｛じぶん｝, the subject of 自分 tends to be the\nspeaker. However, that doesn't necessarily mean that 自分 is used only to refer\nto the speaker. As 自分 has the general meaning of about \"one's own\" or\n\"oneself\", if the subject were not the speaker but something else, then 自分\nrefers to \"oneself\" for that subject.\n\nWhen the subject of the sentence is the speaker, \"oneself\" is \"myself\".\n\nIf it's someone else, \"oneself\" is \"(his/her)self\".\n\nIf it's a group of people, \"oneself\" is \"themselves\" (as a collective). For\nthis, it's also common (if not more so) to hear 自分たち as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T17:10:51.480",
"id": "52900",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-31T17:10:51.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "52899",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52899 | null | 52900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can i call my therapeutic craft workshop Kokoro (Heart, mind, spirit?) or\ntsukuru(to make?) or Ukiyo (floating world, living in the moment?). I would\nlike to make sure that there is no other (offensive or rude) meaning to any of\nthese words. My favourite is Kokoro. Could you kindly advise me or maybe you\nhave any other suggestions. Many thanks, Laura Martin UK",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T19:37:06.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52902",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-31T23:54:58.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25622",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Naming a business.",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "I would say Kokoro and Tsukuru sound good, but Ukiyo sounds a little\nmysterious. I can see Kokoro is connected to therapeutic and Tsukuru is coming\nfrom craft or workshop, and these two can give us a kind and gentle\nimpression. Ukiyo can be used in both a good and bad way. For instance, if you\nsay Ukiyo-banare (an extraordinary life in both good and bad way) to somebody,\none might feel that you are criticizing it. Ukiyo is a very difficult word to\nuse even for Japanese people. I do not recommend you use it if you do not have\nany specific message that you would like to convey through this word. I\npersonally vote for Kokoro.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T23:54:58.077",
"id": "52904",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-31T23:54:58.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25520",
"parent_id": "52902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 52902 | null | 52904 |
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